The Fairy Mythology

AUTHOR.

SAME

THE

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OF

MYTHOLOGY

THE

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12

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IN

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VOL.

I.

LONDON

WHITTAKER,

ETC.

A

still*;

Fairies

ETC.

TREACHER, AVE-MARIA-LANE.

1833.

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CO.

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VOLUMES

THESE

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INSCRIBED.

LITERARY

PREFACE.

The

work

present

had

in

giving

certain

of

led

Greece

which

thought of

stores

I will this

edition

work

chance

To

those

trade, the not

uninitiated the

to

In

its

Mythology the

"on

Fictions," I

and

be

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knowledge,

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our

fact,

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plain

sell,

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world.

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simple why

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in

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public, by calling

Fairy Mythology."

been

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days,

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such

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PREFACE.

X

to

that

say,

the

is at my

than

space

present

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pleased with it

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me

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PREFACE.

XU

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nymphs of

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to

who

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et

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time, should

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d'Aygremont

104,

hut

Bagdad,

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head de

was

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strong douhts

fairies,than

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frere," had

heen

as"

translations

the

note, Antar

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"L'Histoire son

guilty

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Under

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Page 38, it is

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identification

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poets in p. 17, with

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interest, the

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the

PREFACE.

of

Neptune

fathers

our

for

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but

which In

the

note

blame

it

107,

p.

this

should

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ii. p.

4,

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it

William

given

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I

Shakspeare note

at

p.

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127,

found

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found Greece

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a

and

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omit

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the

word

the

lofty

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the

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the

among

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Titania.

Fairy-queen

frequently

In as

the

I have

^

in

places III.

part

of

correct

Italian

Amadigi

which

Ovid

and

Fasti

173,

Italy," pp. the

St.

first who

the

the

story

near

boundary

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knowledge,

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IV.

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my

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Mythology

of

207-210. romances

di

Diana

calls

Francia,

I should of

have

Bernardo

tioned men-

Tasso,

PREFACE.

XIV

there

as

fairies in

are

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hypothesis respectingthese In "

French

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legends La

given

well-known

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expected

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1832.

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in the

them.

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forgery

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my

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other

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p. 322,

at

reprinted

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translation/' should

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to

serves

ladies.

French

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206,

p.

it

K.

of

THE

FAIRY

MYTHOLOGY.

INTRODUCTION,

ORIOIN

OF

AccoBDiNG

effects

THE

to

suggest

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2

4

ORIGIN

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with

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of

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frame

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glass;

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at

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to Adam.

they thought,

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all," the

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fiends

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FAIRIES*

IN

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b. iii.

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8, 9, 10, 11.

poet'sauthority for

Todd

merely quotes Warton,

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borrowed among

fear^ Mr. it the

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romantic reader

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gather many

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toys.''

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blood

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religion, back

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cording ac-

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by

to the

person

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hear

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bards.

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says

the noises, and

mentions

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death.

through

form

ass

natural

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on

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purer

fish

propagated

demons.

24.)

from

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explain i.

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heaven:

professors of l8lam"

origin of

to enter

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FAIEIES.

unyielding granite

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BELIEF

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ingenious

distinct

beings

speaker^while

the power

popular

a

ascribed

Sweden

is

accordance

In

that

money

the waters

mead

the

of the

the Toice

love^ and

for

and

presentedon occasionally

dancing

fashions

out

Greece

accents

haze

the

by

woven

of the

of

pined

Morgana

the

through

him

human

the

of Messina

Fata

finger

the tribute

and

Norway

who

the

^petition of

The

mocking

n]pnph

a

drew

to take

elegant fancy

more

of

impress

Tiberias

FAIRIES^

IN

apostle^who

the

lay in

among to

the

bears

thumb

BELIEF

THE

History

r^prettedthat ease

and

the

of

examples, the

Editor

of

English Poetry, p.

editor

gracefulel^ance

was

unable

the

see

to

of his author.

very

the

last

et

seq.

catch

the

28

OltlGIN

THB

OF

the waters^

region of

a

mankind

excel like

them

BELIEF

in

their

death, though after

They generally in

the

to

and

knowledge,

inevitable

of

laws

prolonged period

more

a

7

FAIRIES.

own.

and

power

subject

are

IN

of

existence. How

these classes

were

to

but

it is not

easy

of heathen

for

senses*,

tliousands

of the

of

birth

farther of

be

flood,and

It is not

attributes

awful

Creuzer*8

See

or

in the

und

the the

in* nu"

are

unirequently

f

dark

with the

once

objects

.

followingpages

lovely deities

S3rmbolik

of

tens

invention.

invested

veneration

to

that

adventures

not

beings

intention

our

of the

treat

has

to

that

rude

or

observed, that

religiousfaith

malignant

and

also

exploits and

love, confidence,and

*

thousands

gave

field and

by appeals

that the minds

suppose their

systems

by philosophers

tribes

production of poetic fiction

change

and

may

tales of their

It may a

rude

of divinities

habitants merous

devised

of

the skies with

peopled

the

we

all the ancient

as

religionwere

instruction

the

their

say;

first called into existence

of

to

Olympus,

Mjrthologie

der

Alten

Volker.

t

See

Verelius* show

edition

that

the devil),

Being.

Disputaduncula

the

by

of

Fanin

ancient

de

the Hervarar

Fanin, Saga.

(whence Fann, Scandinavians

at

end

He

endeavours

the Swedish understood

name

the

of

Olaus

the

to

of the

Supreme

8

OF

ORIGIN

Valhalla, and

Merd.

or

confine

we

fellow

our

aim

we

write

other

deeds

and

those

classic

think

or

Finally,it *

the

Ionic

has

form

t

has

Preface

however

deduce

unlikely,

Hebrew

the the

from

Sir nH"

Anglo-Saxon Feres, companions,

from

Fairy-folkis quasi Fair-folk. queried

if it be

justlyobserved

^^p^

Hesy-

that^ee,

think

or

from

go ; others

been

of

and

is

animaL

The

and

it is curious

signification ; word

it

word

syllableof nympha.

last

Skinner,

that

*i)p,as has been

tMer^ beast,

the

;

fare, to

to

pajoan,

the

derives

(pheer),beauty

the

like him

source,

interprets Centaurs*;

whose

use,

oppositeetymons.

who

chius

Ouseley

Elves,

"l"^pec(pheres), which

from

Fairy,is

to

propose

FAIRY.

and

Fairy

W.

we

in extensive

word

derive

whence

are

manners

Fays,

WORD

various

a

who

beings

certain, historically

Casaubon,

thing from

aspiring;

earthy whose

THE

obtained

has

less

gaudent,

is not

derivation

every

of

OF

every

Meyric

those

to

of Fairies^

nomine

ORIGIN

Fairy

subject is

ourselves

We

Like

Our

describe,and whose

alio quo

aut

WORD

inhabitants

to

record.

FAIRY.

THE

Celtic t-

(Preface to Warton),

nearly

related

Scandinavian to

not

observe

to

has

dyr the

the

is

German the

restricted

same sense

gotten in the English deer. to

Warton,

p.

44;

and

Breton

philologists

ID

ORli"IN

Italian

the

OF

the

being

ter

Peri

jan

is both

same

little

a

attached

to

l"arn, only Turkish

Banou

the

far

as

^),

has

been

we

as

can

Nameh,

Caherman

translated

romance,

fair Mer-

the

to

Merjan

name,

in

occurs

which

^the first let-i

"

importance

much

Her

her.

As

calls her

too

same

by pfiiiciple

Lemur ?

"hda,

or

for ihe

stand

the

on

from

(IKHerbelot

"utcy

we

Lutin

deduces

Fada

Spanish

unquestionably

imaginary being), unless Menage

FAIRY/

WOED

the

Fata, and

which

(words

THE

a

the

from

perhaps

Persian. All the

are

of the

is the

afford any

simplest

present true

foundation

The

one.

Fatffi

(we

"

tricibus)

and

"

*

Fee

D^Herbdot nos

que

he it

has

White

here

followed

been

a

the

of

to

to

seems

in

the

be

the

also called

antiquity were

coin of Dioclesian, Fatis

confounds

from

odui

Morgana

Fata

that

de

with

as

Peri; much

Morgain

is

vic'"

Parcsd

de

nom

cette

MorgatUe Urganda,

D^Herbelot

from

come

da

G'est

fonn6

in his mistake.

may

the

between

says,

ont

romans

Fierie

letter

problem

others,

connexion

etymologistssay Maid.

of

Mergian,

derivation

common

Cambrian

the

anciens

possible that

the

on

Hire

He

Deeonnue.

solution

Parcse

meet

name

for them.

in most

as

case"

the

canine

the

the

for

-,

in which

only language

individual. Fairy, has

The

scholars

conjectures of English

English

observed,

it

foregoing etymologies,be

the

but more

la

and

also thinks he

r^ards

probable.

Mor-Gwynn,

the

ORIGIN

ftlid the

Fairies

attendant

how

the

at

WORD

THE

of roniaiice

reeollects

who

one

OF

eyil

birth

wife

named and

Fatua^

of

as

from

were

her

Faunus,

we

and

Lactantius;

Or,

good

if this

should

not

rural

deity, was

a

informed

the

nymphs,

Fatuse*

were

their

are

called

any

princesses,

bestowing

or

to

latter

and

of heroes

them.

gifts upon

please, the

will be evident

frequently the

their fortunes, foretelling or

II

FAI"r4

Donatus

and

:

Macrobius

by

says^ tells

Ariosto

that

as,

Qaeste Oik

db?

dette

or

Ninib CatUo

Which

of these

As

Fairy may

ginal being,

tare,

which

Hada. to

the former

ad

the

the

word

Eun.

Sat.

L

Italians

Fata

1.

was

Terentii, sc

12. 8.

it

formed

the French

c.

of

F^

verb

Lactantius,

or

first. ori-"

superior retained;

have

made

and

the

was

sort

Spaniards

From

word

prefer the

some

the

forests

Fata

brieflytraced.

enchant, whence

MacrobiiM,

Donatus

the

of

with

other

the

;

significantof

word

do not

itself with

first connects

originallyapplied,we

be thus

al Furioso,

etjrinonwe

true

tenants to

was

Provencals and

thence

*

was

it

the

nome.

cinque aggiunii

is the

romance

piiibel

con

I, de*

Faery-ladiesof

groves.

the

Dee

The

to

popular Elves,

It

e

foro

dagli Antidii

e

decide.

undertake the

Fale

Fada,

and

verb

Fa*

a

Faer, and

LI.

c.

22.

12

its

participleFae

Prateria

It

expressiveof agent,

act, from

the

in

have

English,

from

Witch,

in

Danish,

will lead

*

is

It is

of Faerie

as

highly probable

usual with

the

Italian is

manner,

enchanted

usual rola La

fato.

arms

metallic of Puss

chatte

qui

Boots,

t.

passage

e.

the

enchant,

in the

i.

Le

endow

to

e,

faiate

arme

ont

Jason

Bien

dient

tos

the old

with French

entr' auls

qil est

quoted

from

superfelinepowers. translation.

lo^

Fai* de la Guerre

Roman

renders

the

fcfaia,says Strappa-

era

endowed

Mout

be

is to

gatta che

fee, is

shortlyto

is the

faer

possessing qualitiesbeyond

etoit

Ducange

verb

ordinary ones.

MS, I.e. endianted.

mary pri-

contracted participle,

whose

the

Frendi

old

Fatare

La

ones.

in

The

^arms

"

the

as

faee (and perhaps/zto also)

that

yator^,

qualitiessuperior to

are

(a witch) hexerei;

Hexe

f.

properly a participle.

same

Droll,

from

illusion,enchantment,

to

sense

;

So that all analogy Troll, trylleri.

from

us

guages. lan-

European

witchery;

from

of the

Diable, diablerie

from

French,

word

the

of

*,

act

indicative

the

of

the

latter

that

most

drollery: in German,

the (f("erie),

derivation

this

through

runs

We in

how

is curious

(prairie),so

Faerie

the

Prat^

from

as

Praerie

(fee)and

Fa^

for

;

(pr6)

aad fieies,

chevaliers

Les

signifyingthe agent,

former

FAIBT.

romances

Prae

came

WOBD

so,

of the

came

Fata

from

and

;

fa6es

dames

Les

THE

OF

ORIGIN

Fa^

here

Lancelot

de

Troye,

jprasstigiator, A du

Lac

will show

originalsignification o"fie.

t

"Which

corresponds to

the

Latin

Prcestiginm,

and

per-

ORIGIN

find

We

four difRsrent and

shall

we

in

employed

be

to

which

senses^

13

FAIRY.

Faerie

word

the

WORD

THE

OF

now

arrange

exemplify* Illusion,enchantment.

1.

Phigieun Du

parlent de

Loup,

De

phantosmes

stantires those

the

bear

in the

et

de mensonges.

Hire

that

{the horse

Diverse

folk

the

it wxaeA

each

of

diverselyhan

demed.

it is

Or

elles

Vk

a

as

chere,

a

Jberie, as

said

on

Tak.

Marc?tante*s the

Squier*s

Certes

other

faerie,

of brass)was

Th^ Emperor

last sub-^

four

to

benigne

so

Chaucer^ It

Ducange*

ap

do.

verses

sit with

behold

to

Giar.

relation

same

first

two

Mains

Renart,

observe, that

must

we

de

songes,

Gui,

Where

Ghienart,

l*Asne,

et de

Dejherief

de

peple semed,

Tale,

high^

faerie^ vanite. Emare,

With

phantasme

Thus

she

and

faerie,

his eye.

blerede

Liheaus

of her

has

The

GKkI

And

fro this worldes taken

Hath

her

made

an

III"

into

""""""

end,

,/a^rie

companie. Gower,

"

Disconus,

"

Constance, "!!

I ,

haps much

to

the

Sanskrit

higher sense.

Maya,

which, however,

is used

in

a

14

Ritson

Mr.

Sir

have

learned all

of service

been

that

"

and

vanity"

is

world,

passeth

found

no

that

of

moral

^^

vain

a

From was

sense

easy

to

of the

abode

the

the

Faerie

next

Fays.

Analogy

Nonnerie

Jewerie

a

also

here

was

names

inhabited

and

"

the regne

of

them

of the

for

so

a

beside

by Fays. with

usual

a

Tartaric,

Hath

taken

elfish

an

lord

my

Its one

And

hath

Into

the Faerie^

him

led with

puissance qu*il avoit

sur

a

fight, him

away

sir,parmafay.

toutes^n^t Huon

a

ter"

in

for instance,

knight in

as

Faerie

of Feminie."

Here

and

3

by Nonnes,

Sir 1a

sition tran-

illusions,

aiding^

by Jews,

countries:

of

land

the

to

simply, the

inhabited

place

mination, too, corresponded the

pious

world.

of the

produced

naturallya place inhabited

was

the

signifythe country

to

a

place

of the

Fa6s, who

came,

was

of illusion that

h^ve

in his allusion

vanities transitoryand deceptive 2.

of this

would

he

then

have

shew," that

fashion

the

"

Gower"

that

things

in comprehending difficulty

language

prayed

'^

him, he would

in

;" and

away

other

to

walketh

man

Rit""

Mr.

says, have

among

the

understand

to

Evans

Hugh

piblepetter ;" where"

might

'*

professes not

should, as

his

FAIRY,

oi faerie in this last passage.

meaning son

WORD

THE

OF

OniGlS

Guy, du

monde.

dc Bordeaux^,

OBIGIN

"n

THE

OF

s'U eflfect,

WORD

falloit retouxner

me

faerie, je

ea

.

chemin.

prendre mon

o^

That

.Ogier with

Gkiwain

Though

he

le

curtesie, o"

out

agen

faerie.

SquierU He

is

(Arthur)

With

sceptre and

Shall

resort,

pall,and

Out

of

and

And

repairagain

Faerie,

the

3, From

in

Faerie

the Of

the

regalty

sovereigne.

the ould

round

yiii.

]^d

of

often

collective

Spritiscalled

time

he, Pluto,

Proserpina, and

alle hii

Disporten hem,

and

About

capacity^and

the

that

Phairie.

is

in all

the

and

his queue

faerie,

maken

melodie

well.

perhaps

of the

sense

proper in

remaining places

Here

too

there

is

squierie, and f

the

Tale*

Chaucer

word

where

it

+.

occurs

*

1. 3.

Demonologie,

Marchante*s

This

24.

c.

passed to appellation

the

JT. James, Full

B.

Princes*

of

their

tahle.

the peopleof Fairy-land*. signified

now

fourth

his

reign in Bretaine,

country

inhabitants

the

and

Fall

Lydgate,

Tale.

king y-crownedin Faerie,

a

lord

as

scjaiiroye

w

Dannoys.

his olde

come

were

15

FAIRY.

Mr.

similar

an

analogy

collective

with

cavalry,

It has the

word

Faerie

reader

try if this third

where

it

occurs

asserted

lately been in

sense

in his works.

the will

that

Chaucer

of illusion.

sense

not

fantry, in-

terms.

Tyrwhitt recognises its emplo3rment only in

first senses.

employs

perhaps

b^t

suit

most

the two

always Let

the

passages

16

ORIGIN

dividual

denizen

applied to

this

its

to

and

Chaucer,

to

future

general

during

the sixteenth and

carried he

awaie

should

reign

in

the on

The

century

by

the Fairies for

Faerie

Queene

IVIidsummer

into

as

And

Queene)

buy

steps

some

tells him

Awakes,

bably pronever

Spenser,

was

for

the

to

for its

employed Fays

some

Latin

of

mance, ro-

then

B.

v.

Dream*

observes

:

'^

Printed

14.

c

some

It appears

Faerie

Fairies

ballad

Faery wonders

straight rubs

againe

retume

and

were

of the Faert

with of

before

(Observations Marston's

from

occasioned

Queene the

1677.

years

Warton

the

which

but

pleasantplace, where

published

that

dead,

not

was

some

and

Nympha.

principalactors. King. Ad

Out

got

ever.

was

Night's

publicationsin Go

it

to

Arthur

time,

a

Satires, printed 1598, many

was

whom

It

the

to

king

great authority

the Faerie

in

*.

currency

Hollingshedy

*

it

but

it

sense^

chiefly indebted

seems

that

remaine as

usual

most

the

haunt

also, especially by translators, for the

believed

They

it

corresponding

as

who

certainly anterior

however,

ladies of

and

precise period

positively 5

say

whom,

Elves,

what

subsequently

posterior occurs,

elves

equally

was

fairyknights

pygmy

At

last^ and unable

are

we

the

to

dells.

and

woods

Fairy-land, and

of

in-k

signifythe

to

came

the full-sized and

romance,

FAIEY.

WORD

word

Lastly^ the

4.

THE

OF

Leciorem.

quick motion. some

flowerie

his eyes, and

vale

"

prints his B.

III.

tale.

Sat

6."

18

After

of the

the appearance

all distinctions

real

Fays

or

completely transferred

were

''

Faerie

Queene,"

the

confounded^

were

of the

attributes

FAIRY.

WOBD

THE

OF

ORIGIN

Fairies

of

the

little

to

and

name

romance

beings

who^ according to the popular belief^made

The

change

itself

of

^

of its

Shakspeare

to

have

use

by

Fees

the

regarded

be

must

proper

yet

-,

of

sense

the

translators

in the

last

Of

the

even

he a

principal

a

as

Fairy

uses

it

sense

seems

again brought

was

French

Contes

into des

Fairy

I '11 commend and

thy

Cleopatra^ Act

acts.

iv.

sc.

8.

speaks Faery

damsels

By knights

of

in forests wide

met

Logres

or

or Lancelot,, Pelleas,or

he

poetry

century.

this great

Milton

of the

even

Fay;

of the

Antony

Yet

strong proof,

a

society.

nearly lost,till it

To

And

people ;

this revolution

in in

once

the

poets established

alteringthe phraseology of

in

classes

lowest

agent

the

operatedby

the

bites."

not

ewe

idea be correct, of the power

nation

a

thus

firmlyamong

if this

the

ringletswhereof

sour

green

''

elsewhere

mentions

of

Lyones,

Pellinore.

the

Faery elves, Whose Or

*

The

example was

midnight

fountain

Fata

some

Morgana

; for the

brought

revels

into

name

Italy by

by

belated

of of

the

a

forest side

peasant

Straits

sees.

of

Messina

Morgana, whencesoever

the poets

is

an

derived,

ORIGIK

OF

THE

WORD

Finally^Randolph^ in for.

perhaps

the

last

his

19

FAIBY.

Amyntas, employs it,

time,

in

its second

sense,

Fairy-Tand: I do think There

will be of Jocastus*

brood

Fairy.

m

Act

We

-

must

along with

Germans^

the

adopted and

Feen

a

Feinen

the

French F6es.

In

*,

that

the

early

romances^

called them

They

the

fried of Gott-

Tristram

told,that

are

we

mention

to

3.

Duke

Gylan

syren-likelittle dog, Dez

dem

wart

Avalun

Uz

old

the

Herz"^e gesandt land

der Feinen

Von

In

omit

of the

name

Strazburg

von

had

here

not

i. sc.

einer Gottinne

German

Blanscheflur, the

V.

f*

of

romance

who

hunter

sees

15G73^-d.

Isotte Isotte

and

asleep

says^ I doubt sie menschlich

Dez

Sie ist sdidner Von

Fleische

Kunte So

*

Dobenek,

nit

sei

denn noch

eine Felne" von

Beine

gewerden auf der erden

schones

des deutschen

X*

Mittelalters

und

Volksglauben.

Berlin, 1816. t 'Twas From

sent

Avalun, By

X

a

parde.

Fays' countrie,

the

gentlegoddess.

If she human

She

the duke,

unto

is fairer than

be. a

Fay. C

2

20

WORD

THE

OF

ORIGIN

FAIRY.

itself into

subject naturallydivides

Our

principalbranches, corresponding classes

of

applied. endowed to

whom

the

of

those

vie

least

fixed

indeed

that

we

distinction the

from so

run

botanist

into and

the actions

and

begun

foundation

orders

flesh

Never

not,

of

that when

could

thing BO

bone, have fair

on

our

I

say,

birth earth.

hard

rigid

species

another

one

kind

one

by

expect

we

various

with

under

or

which

The

system,

our

crumbling

A

the

another,

to

to erect

Of

Fairy historian

attributes

ascribed we

and

be

confounded

are

imagination,

it would

chemist.

or

with

offspring,works

; and

the

of classes

classifications

our

discover, like nature, laws

from

dwarfs

shall denominate

we

human

the

are

can

invariable

or

trace

determinateness

The

science.

exact

whom

that

and

beings

to

of

Fairies.

expected

these

and

and

to

propose

ingenious Duergar

accuracy

of natural

of which at

in

but

Fairies

or

we

popular

or

be

cannot

should

and

mythology,

Elves, It

race,

usually allotted

Fays,

descent

whose

cunning

northern

been

second, those little beings of the

The

popular creeds,

those

shall term

we

has

Fairy

name

beyond

powers

ROMANCE.

from

the

first,beings of the human

The

with

men,

to which

beings

different

the

to

two

are

so

;

quently fre-

scarcely have we

feet.

find

Indeed

the it

OBIOIN

Goulfl

well

not

thst

all these

aad

exploded

chiefly

romance

their

forests

and

the

we

till

and

thence

advance there

the

their

shall

commence

to

the

to

trace

light-hearted, night-tripping

mountains the el

of

realms

glance

a

our

middle-

the

gorgeous

casting

not

butes, attri-

pursue at

arriTe

we

though

of

some

shall

thence,

North,

for

Persia,

Europe,

that

Fairies

the

indebted,

are

We

Queene," of

of

Arabia,

of

rmnance

Faerie

the

Peris

is

it

that

peasantry

consider

to

they

country.

Fairy-land; "

as

and

preserved.

proceed

through

oouree

been

of aodent

porta

the

of

recollect

we

religion,

yet perhaps

the

that

with

age

has

name,

to

of

traditions

and

when

formed

oace

21

FAIRT.

otfaenriae,

systems

now

j

VOBD

THE

beings

the

in

shall

We

fw

be

memorial

their

of

OF

res.

at

the and

origin

of

MYTHOLOGY.

FAIRY

ROMANCE.

EASTERN

All

bumBn

To

yoa

bdngs ]

a

Fxbi

most

I

have

in

beaa^ ne'er

yield bdield.

S6

PERSIAN

him

Izeds^ and the

six

the

are

ROMANCE.

countless

the

the

atid

Arch-Deeys^

Between

Deevs.

will

the

beneath

the Peri^

what

was

The

the

in which

literature

of this

in its

since

making

has

Persia

the which

heavens are

guardian angels, who

their

angels All

Partis^

Bombay^ voL

the

their various

their

has.

country

inhabitants, the souls

rohers, Fe-

of all

Ferohers,

departments,

tasks

Books

the

judging

of Mohammed/

law

its various

of

ii. p. 318.

and

is filled with

TrantactUmt

with

in what

the unembodied

Sacred

on

of the

of

and

;

celestial

the

^r"Ann" in

over

romancers.

means

Peris the

and

nature

watch

occupied in performing

of mankind." the

and

the

intelligentbeings.

are

received

the

confounded

perfectform

by

to become

successors

was

of the

respectingthe

written

thus

thing human^

poets and

fanatical

deprived us

been

of

and

;

believed

and

pristinerank

idolatry^have system

of Persia

fate of every

the

darkness

religion probably

sages^

machinery

waged by

wars

Prophet

its

from

and

material

the

war-

happiness prevail

of

system

has shared

mx

of Ormuzd.

taught by

once

sunk

has

and

Fairy system

or

ceaseless

prince of

the

righteous sway

arose

monarchs^

end^

peace

this sublime

From

and

and

subdued^

be

preme^ su-

of inferior

hosts

rival powers

at the

f^e prevails;but

b

Aherman

numerous

these

In

encsoiBpnaed bgriht

k

ihnaoB

his

twenty-eight

of Ferohers.

myriads of darkness

opposite kingdom and

the

Amshaspands^

or

and

for the benefit

and

Literary

Religion of Society of.

PBllSIAN

admixture

the

S7

BOMANCE.

of the

'and

tenets

ideas of Islam

evidently perceptible. If however^

is

Orientalists

,

right

be

in

Artax^*xes'

Peri

tlMi

coeval

be

must

with

ei

mme

Parisatis^as Pari-zadeh

queen^

the

bom*),

interpretationof

their

(Feri-

the

religion

of Zoroaster. Before

Adam

created,

was

was

inhabited

Peris, formed

of the

element

them

reigned

succession

of

mans,

the

Persians, the and

world

last of

heaven,

and

chastise

him.

the

thrown.

Hares

his soul

eve^

yieldedto

of power.

created

Adam

of the

world

the

of

Hares

clay ; the

by

U^ *

he

*^

dust to

The

o^

"W "^

Iblis. ^jyyJkbl

in

that

was

of the

but

submission"

joined

was

Spiritson After

of

Spirit.

his

revolt

of

Almighty

earth, and him.

a

over--

stead;

the

Peris, however,

guardian.

submit,

to

his

to

intoxicatingeffects

worship

'sdained

down

sent

of earth

then

was

rebelled, and

Deevs.

LJ*V^

It

the

Soli-

t^ offended

Jan

refused

reigned

Over

of fire.

was

monarch

now

the cup

formed

the

Deevs

seventy-two

angel Hares}

and

the

by

Jan-ben-

whom,

Jan-ben-Jan

ensued,

war

a

modem

the

say

manded com-

fire--

The

to a creature

in his

revolt

obeyed

the

Arabic.

he

was

called

38

BOMANCE.

FEBSIAN

of

friends

regions

lowed

range

of

all

of

Kaf

surround

to

earth

rest

to

reflection

sky^

and

into

*^"

Caucasus

^llwJl^ ^"" or

rather

its

placed

was

a

ring

;

in

be*

was

for the

globular^

and

immense

size^ the hue

azure

was

the

to

earthquakes

and

appellationof Its

and

luxuriant

merous containing nu-

Thus

in

province

delight), with

its

Peri

of Shadu-

two

kings

its branches.

a

^J"-

Sanskrit,

the

magnificent

(jewel-city),whose

and

the

respectiveempires

cities.

'''

Persian

as

kingdoms^

many

the

meet

capitalJuherabad

t

like

common

r^on.

( (pleasureand

kam

security.

mountain

caused

the

was

provinces we

gave

arise within

of nature.

f

divided

realms

earth

al-"

obedience

in

beings This

motions

whose

and

ease

the

were

the

prove

sapphire of

a

of this ideal

were

at

*"

which

convulsions

whole

to

these

the

on

from

Jinnestan

we^

in

punishment

guilty Deevs

justly regarded

was

fancied

the

dwelling

when

mountain

lieved

less

earth

the

abode

The

the

:

of

quell the pride that might

and

his heart

his chief followers

long period

a

infernal

of man^

the

.

to

to

henceforth

became

and

Hares

man

sentenced

the

and

of heaven^

mandate

a

Jinn

Place.

or

Demon,

and

^Jj^

PEASIAN

solicited the aid of Caherman the

also

and

Deer

statelyAmberabad

is named

empire

city);

and

descriptionof

and

gallery of

The

other.

:

Like

and

Here the

ethereal

Peri

the

When

the

The was

man

subject

are

superior to

every

lives

in their shut

Peris^ they

to

are

odours

to

Nameh

father

of

Sam,

aid

some

is

a

the

of

them,

which

on

has

Deevs,

withstand

their

mortal

hero.

grandfather of

the

Caher^ celebrated

Roostam.

t It is in the occurs.

Caherman

Nameh

that

3

fragrancef.

in Turkish.

romance

up

every

feed

cruel

is impatient of to

to

visit

perfume,

unable

them

and

gaze

wars

tops of the

the

companions

on

of existence

passions.

the Deevs.

from

to

in power^

man

and

choicest

nature

Peris

Caherman the

they

with

war

longer period

their

foes, they solicit the

*

incessant

them

in

Arzshenk.

property of repellingthe

malignant

whose

hang

them

bring

moreover

the

exposed

trees,

chillingblast.

for the

wage

told that when

in iron cages,

and

Peris

far

its stores

castle^ palace,

monarchy

of his sentiments

prisonersof

highest

enchanted

much

the

(Aherman's

lavished

Deev

a

of

metropdis

Ahermanabad

the

and^ though

are

make

The

mankind^

after

but

they partake We

the

and

Deevs

deaths

and (aniber-city)"

imagination has

the

each

against the Deevs*,

equally splendid.

others

SQ

ROMANCE.

this

drcumstance

30

PERSIAN

Enchanted with

and

arms

the

the back

on

animal.

poetry and

for

mance ro-

in Jinnestan

surnamed

Deev-bend

(Deev-binder*),

the

ancient

of

kings

splendid embassy,

a

and

how

to

the

who

knowledge

Peris

Tahmuras

wonderful

are

in

bird

and

whose

advises, him

She

of the

dangers

is also

Nameh

Nameh

the Cahennan

who

Deevs,

languages,

him

warns

;

The

iSjj ^ J

all

futurity.

embraces

the

aid

speaks

Peris

Tahmuras,

the

consults

act,

was

The

Persia.

him^ despatched another.

Simurgh f,

Turkish.

in

translations

probably

he

from

Persian.

t to

field

country

adventurer

doubt

the

that

in

derful won-

celebrated

dreaded

It and

and

to

most

him

*

conveyed

strange

some

to cope

expatiate in.

of

to

him

to

Tahmuras,

sent

is

be

adventures wide

a

enable

and

of

His

fiimish

usually

one

talismans

gigantic Deevs^

Jinnestan

The

ROMANCE.

9

be

one

It

fOj"M

the

roc

of her

of

signifies" thirtybirds,"

feathers

to

into the fire whenever aid.

The

In

the Arabs. her he

poet Sadee,

to

the

and

which

he

and

she

will

need,

express

the

of the

bounty

On

liberal board Kaf

the

he

Simurgh

spreadeth out is with

food

so

gives

is to throw come

to

his

Almighty,

says.

His

thought

she

Nameh

Shah

prot6g^ Zal, is in

is

wide,

supplied.

PEBSIAN

has

to

Jinnestan^.

farther

offers

and

plucks

some

which

helmet.

the

vizier

and

Deev,

defeats

vanquishes rush, who with

the

adorns

his

a

Peri

Houdkonz

and,

arms,

the

and He

maugre

;

but

^

at

another

from

his

Persian

talismans

next

Dem-

the

neigh"

Here

Peri

Shah the the

of

arts

surrounded

muras Tah-

Merjan*, whom

her

Peri,

had

in the

Deev suit

of MerDeev

powerful

here, alas ! fortune

gallant Tahmuras

u'^t^

chains and

attack

gone

He

off, and

Milan

mountain, to

the

bassy, em-

had

the

India.

carried

in vain.

hastens

Deev

magic

cavern,

and

captive,

had

of the

the

plundered

fair

the

fierce, named

gloomy

a

his

on

mortality.

Arzshenk.

more

of Persia

Demrush

him,

*

her

Jan, Tahmuras

daring valour,

still in

realms

long sought

named

through

own

wealth

brothers, Dal

jan

to

from

bracing

unaided

to

Deev-king

dwelt

and

original friends,

and

Deev

a

finds

centre

monarch

headed

had

his

his

piles of

bouring

whom

who

Imlan,

Tahmuras,

to

hero

him

convey

of Jan-ben-

abyss impassable

deserting

"the

line

proper

feathers

Simurgh,

potent buckler

"

over,

to

the Persian

the

on

the

crosses

The

his

*

Mounted arm

discloses

She

breast, with

"

and

encounter^

"of action.

31

ROMANCE.

and

falls beneath

deserts

enchanted his

foe.

pearl. Life, soul also,according to Wilkins.

SS

ROMANCE.

PEESIAN

Many

ajfeerwards"as

years

*" the

Nameh

Arzshenk,

and

the

strikes the

off at

same

heras

with

killed

In the in

in

arrow

is afterwards

hog;

the

the

last

the

Deev

bull, the

Mun-

of Roostam.

son

head

the

two-headed,

is

king of

Munheras

has

he

he a

tam latter^ Roos-

the

by Sohrab,

second of

body partly

mouth.

the

first combat

that

resembling

Gershab,

dynasty, wounds

an

slayshim.

a

The

bull.

a

of

blow.

poem^

Pishdadean

the

a

of

with

Deev

chains

fierce combat^

a

Shah

the

the

from

escaped

head

in the

engages

described

is there

Arzshenk

In

had

and" after

Tahmuras^

human,

Roostam

great

who

related

of

head

one

other

that

the

fairest

of

a

wild

a

boar. The of

Peri

has

been

poeticalimagination."

the

of the

beauty

compliment

Persian

a

her

Thus

Sadee, in the

*

to

Ferdoflee*8

"f It

be

must

have

of

one

these lines

recollected

creation

descriptioncan

Peri

poet

great heroic

just spoken

No

female

liken

we

styled *'

t, and

can

the

highest

lady

a

pay

lovely

equal

aerial

beings i^.

this

prefixedto

is to

section,

poem. that

of Peri

the

Peris

kings,

and

of both

are

of

the

sexes

:

of

brothers

Meijan. We

find the poets every

that of

superior beings.

X to

a

lovely woman

"Persians

to

a

Peri

to :

where The

comparing

Venus, Diana,

the ancient

and

Greeks or

Scandinavians

the

female

beauty

Romans

pared com-

nymphs would

say

; the

she

84i

PEBSIAK

is their

Neither nutire

to

as

Milton's

But

$tature

key-holes pervious

bells

of flowers

sublime

idea

thinks^ corresponds

he

Persian

poets have

Their

port

I took Of

it for

some

gay

play i* the plighted

I

I

a

tray ing the

the

of

devils

the

Mogul's palace/' says or

"

In

diflbrmityand women

Purchas'

fix his

eyes tress.'* mis-

of

vie

in '*

less

no

was

deformity on ugliness with

At

in

Lahore, Finch,

intermixed

"

in

are

most

long horns, staringeyes, shaggy

hair, great fangs, ugly paws,

poor

pretty

a

itself in pour-

William

Dives,

liam Wil-

beautiful

Peris, it

forefathers.

pictures of Dews, ugly shapes,with

and

well

may

our

shall

attributes

the

of

Sir

entertain

exhausted

of the

heaping

They

Deevs.

the

awestruck^

was

Comus.

will

beloved

a

beauty

in

horrible

I

Peri^ who

poetic imagination

strenuous

douds.

he

that

Persian

charms

the

If

of

;

live

affirm/' concludes

to '*

idea

stood

they

passed I worshipped.

gallantly^ just

of the rainbow

colours

venture

can

as

of the element

creatures

And

as

Peris.

of the

human,

the

what

faery vision

a

in the

"

on

than

faery vision/!

"'

a

nearly with

more

That

And

of

their

to

habitations.

their

conceived

more

was

dimi-

representedso

ever

make

the

flight,or

BOMANCE.

are

not

long tails,with

deformity, that

I wonder

frightened therewith

Pilgrims, vol. i.,quoted by

such

Su- W.

*/*

Ouseley.

The

word

35

BOMANCE.

PERSIAN

Deev,

{^d) in

Diw,

or

signifies Spirit^and

is inclusive

BiHli in the

new

Imd

old

ambiguous

or

tht^ Indian

They

Deva

when

used

Hero*.

of the

the

dred kin-

good

the

realms self "

Ruler^ the Greek

Deus^

Latin

the

sense.

him

Being

of the

us

a

and

of the

Divine

in

Sanscrit

a

designate

of

^slos, and

and

in

members

remind

will

This

classes.

general employ

the

of men^

both

it is used

the

Deveta

of significant

are

Geof

in

and

and good spirits^

and

whereas

Deeoo,

of

Persian

sense^

languages

terms

of

and

Zend

A/^

Divus^

divinus. Peri

(^^y)" in

Wahl

interprets winged,

derives

it from

would

We

the

to

*

is

have

Great

Spirit.

Being.

man,

good

to

hint, with but

caU

any

^'

other

They

give

with

the

diffidence

Supreme

(great),says

word,

sometimes,

those

Ouseley

(pheer)^beauty. coming be-

f, that

literature

the

force to the

more

qualities

Kasha'*

W.

barelyappliedtheir lips

of Oriental

Americans

joined to

never

Supreme

his

those who

North

The

good

to

1"a

Mr.

Perekeh,

Sir

and

Hebrew

venture

jewelled cup

Maneto, *'*'

the

and

Pereh

Zend

but

is

Kasha

Being

Keating,

Mr.

appropriatedto

however,

as

the

it to

apply

a

expression by connecting

they

ascribe

to

the

Great

Spnit" Narrative

t Linguam modest

of Expedition

Helraicam

language

vix

to

the SU

Peter* s^

prtmis degiistavilabris

of Melanclhon. D

2

^c. is

tjie

36

ROMANCE.

PERSIAN

DeeYS

the

Peris

the

so

man^

the

with

same

who

originally the

were

the

of

subjects

derivation

the

them

to

owe

been

Aher-

of

subjects

have

may

Ferohers^

and

Ormuzd^

the

evidently

so

are

their

of

*.

name

is

Such

the

the

perceptible^ and

its

the

its

parts^

*

is

It

the

clearly try coun-

it

we

law

and

that

it

as

Persia^

on

consistent

more

notice, of

compounds

many

possesses

of

undeserving

not

their

fanciful^

lights

more

it

is

fabled

Had

forced find

Islam

their

Arabic.

Arabs

doubtless

should

we

of

of

being

kings

before

was

influence

names

very

Mohammedan

the

of

system the

which

in

Persians,

Peri

all

in

etherial.

the

word

Persian

PerL

language Pari-rokhsar

^S) (.Uj"-J ^j)isPeri.Kiheeked;Pari-paykar(yCju is

Peri-faced,

(

] Jo

J

)

It

"c

is

A

is also

Magician,

or

employed

one

whose

in

a

lips

bad

Pazidar

sense.

convulsively,

move

.

owing it should

to

his be

being observed,

possessed is

by

evil

spirits.

pronouncedlikeperrj/

The

or

word rather

Peri, party*

ARABIAN

ROMANCE.

Lfl.i"ijJ

ij

(^9fcMii

cJ^r'

Caab

The

Indian^

The

of

one

connected

times

the

the

ancient

more

than

his

he

of

joys

in

been

been

fancy. and

pains

moving

and

minds is

They of

courage

strains

that

of

dwell

love, and

pour

and

transmit

little

the

heart

fanciful

to

logical,

rather

fondness

with

with

the

of

than

on

enthusiasm deeds

us.

of their

and

acute

of

to

period

no

addicted

daring forth

designated

comprises to

are

riod pe-

knowledge

our

at

people

every The

and

regarded

appear a

which

revolves.

pleased

however,

poetry

the

or

has

light,

bare.

round

mythology

Their

their the

is

birth

and

God,

Arabia

ignorance,

have

to

invention. and

of

of

springeth

centre

Arabian

Arabs"

history

the

with

preceding

The

is

swords

Zoheir.

Bek

whence

sword

a

the

Prophet

thing

as

is

Prophet

cJ'

the

scribe de-

warriors,

plaintive elegy

;

38

ABABIAN

for

but

the

BOMANCE.

descriptionof

fragrant gardens^ they

indebted

are

for

or

palaces and

gorgeous

magic"

Persian

their

chieflyto

of

wonders

the

bours neigh-

*.

What hare

classes

beings

recognised before have

we

of

no

and

Poems" know

only

that

tQ

as

the

and

listened

the

must

therefore

and

the

valleysof

*'

Araby

caliphs

to

their

the

the

Tigris, whence

such

halo

a

language that

of

of Arabia. look

must

we

the

mode

that

the its

*

elsewherei.

life

has

accom"

genius of

seat

and

empii^

the

origin of

the

thrown

has

the

around

rich and

:

ever

direction,

Jones)

a

surpassed

East

Compare

Sir W.

to

of

equalled or

all that

fertile

vels mar-

Antar with

was

and

and in

the

soil,the their

speedily abandoned

desert,

simple

meet

Bedoween^

magnificent capitalon

It is in this to

prophet.

literature,

Transplanted

of

of the

Blest^" and

the

dity avi-

such

with

of the

tents

emanated

splendour

of Arabian '

quit the

we

current

were

to

indignation

We

pany

information;

no

tales of Persia

were

rouse

Suspended

ascertaining. The us

may

of Islam

the establishment

Antar, give

them^

among

of

means

creed

popular

the

of

court

former

Bagdad

magnificence any

witnessed.

Gepius,

encouraged

and

the

the Arabic

Suspended works

Poems

written

sons

thing ever what-

rewarded, (translated by at

Bagdad

and

musician

the

and the

and and

astronomer

nificent

caliphs.

leisure

of the

disdained

the

new

and

And

it

and

One

Nights*

and

supernatural part

where

every

latter

sealed

with

themselves

contrary

the

$

^

with

delightful

gradually

duced pro-

in"

tales the

Prophet^

whom

before

in

men

vessels^

brazen

consigned

and

power,

He-

rebellions

the

punishes

the

and

to

sea.

Persian

which

these of

evidently of assert

that

far

they

a

but

tales

inserted

are

strong

the Arabs

Deevs,

16th

the

J, have

but

century,

not

was

the

tales

greater antiquity. It is

are

all of

origin;

Persian

not

the

is indubitable.

and

Genius

cidence. to

to

who

middle

are

here

meant

f

in

till the

formed

The

strikinglyapparent.

monarch

signet of

the

to

frame

The

the

of these

f, properly Jinns

resemblance

*

and

of the

Genii

The

that

by imprisonment the

depths

the

meet

genii bow,

of the

the

not

accord

to

as

were

is

is the

Solomon

"and

so

thus

fliiesee of Mohammedanism

brew

the

modified.

the

We

iwMMed

had

Almansoors.

th^i

was

mu*-

Yezdejirds were

and

altered

with

of the

favour

tales which

faith.

"Thousand

In

the

Haroons

narrators

expert

historian

The

the

shared stoiy-teller

the

Shapoors

hy

S9

BOMANC".

ARABIAN

The

Jinn, like Fairy and

Arabian

Roman

Genius.

J^-

Jenoon,

Jinn

from

bears

l^.

no

Peri, is

a

curious

resemblance

Spirit

coin"-

whatever

40

ROMANCE.

ARABIAN

have

word

no

Peri, and

the Fairies

aand

One

and

Jinns, and way,

obedient

have

sensual

the

but

Olympus,

selves in the whom

Jinns

bond

of

with

in the amiable

but

Prince

who

Ga]ypso" their How

are

be

ascribed to

or

an

as

gained the The

clearlyakin

to

of Shadukam Banou '

moune

a

dry

realms

of

has

Peri

ruled

from

not

That, over

of

meric Ho-

bestowed of Blois. Is it to

?

of Islam ^

fkble ?

Prince

haps Per-

Ahmed

Calypso. is, however,

romance

of Iran

;

but

and

splendidpalace, yet

shrinks well.

Grecian

Amberabad,

or

a

a

odonr^

the

to

who

Polyphemus^

Arabian

the

akin

Partenopex

with

Imiger

is

spiritualcharacter

of

mortals

no

for this difference

a

affections

the

food

Fairies

and

less

met

Fairy

of

Fairy-bride

more

the

to

acquaintance Sindbad

deities

We

human

seems

Lanral

the

to

the

Peri" whose

to account

we

dasses

Both

their love.

almost

or

loye upon

rebellious

with

matrimony

etherial

Ahmed^

the

proof, by

pious Fairies usuallyjoin them"-

the

the

female

inferior in power

propensitiesof

they honour

recognise

a

Fairies.

and

the

The

always representedas

are

the

to

class;

Thou*-

the

be

to

appear

distinct

a

in

meet

we

system is borrowed.

that the

Jinns

that

Nights

not

the

language expressire of

in their

the

though

by kings

there

of the

not

Peri

potent Mai-

inhabitingthe

however,

hear

we

interior

are

Jinns,

of

extensive we

learn

4S

'

that

vhen

the

'

he

that

lost

having with

her

with

that

and

dead

out

the

a

her

of

all

son,

disease

so

;

and

0

molier

we

did

that

qfAnkood, mA

mind

of

did

who

death

to

with

the

excttK

and

it

Jinas, condole

not

attacked

cured

all

it!

;

were

be

that

in

throat

race

in

TigrU,

was

the

the

his

and

assembled,

of

those

of

;

there

disease

woman,

the

on

Hejira,

account

on

women

cried

of

epidemic

an

said

was

Mousanl

at

was

GOO

year

country

it

ROUANCE.

ARABIAN

of

their

us!

it

men

strength Ankood

FAIRY

MYTHOLOGY.

AGE

MIDDLE

Gceo

quel

Xiandlotto

Onde

che

le

ROMANCE.

TiUtmo

ccDvet)

chc

dnpion

cute

e

U

gli

vulgo

allii

txnate

di

BOgni

emnti

"gogni. PXTKABCA.

MIDDLE

will

Few

AGE

endeavour

now

fiction

marvellous extensive

mental

of

of

under

every

of invention

is

of

powers

the

consideration her

nothing

of

of foundation*

turn

of

our

analogy region. the

j

convince

us

and

The

inventive

reason

that

finest

to

the

tales

faculties

are

the

be

due

imagined of

however

reflection, also

will

in the devoid

be

to

and

a

fictions

materials

scanty.

and

when

us

and

East^

is

there

*'

plagiarism

bination com-

poetical expressions

the

is, the

than

at

powers

meet

litical po-

identity

Without

here

of

of

limited

might

literature

attention

The

how

justly suspected

occidental

pervades

yet

form

that

are.

it

the tion opera-

wondered

and

charges be

cases

consider

every

strange

materials

boundless

new/'

majority

is

their

and

uniform

an

be

to

subject^

of

stores

will

similes

the

An

acknowledge

more

It

source.

to

under

imagination of

are

slight^

and

of action.

identity

having

sky,

to

and

fancy

rather

us

as

not

of

regions

man

and

existence^

romantic

individual

any

tbe

trace

to

incline

will

powers

that

to

survey

productions

ROMANCE.

we

striking of

every

presented The

power

tq

46

MIDDLE

AGE

"OMAKCE.

.

combination

of

similar

and

compass^

limited

is therefore

to

combinations

a

narrow

hence

must

frequently occur.

the

iu

is

still there

Yet

suppositionof

the

European faxicj. The

on

middle

the

and

and

the

island

and

varietyleft

fairies of

and

poetry

of Greece

in

behind

far

more

Latium

;

is in

beauty

retreats

of the

arises this difference

Whence

romance.

the

by

detail^

the

and

Calypso^ for example^

of

of

romance

inrention^ than

strains

chaste

and

correct

in

gorgeous

more

Syria operated

notoriouslyricher

are

ages

probability

fictions of the

luxuriant

having through Spain

East

of

high degree

a

doubt

No

When

ancient

The

pomp

And

crested

In

chivalry displayed

of her

Assembled

games, tissued

knights and

the clarion's

at

castle's

proud

some

heroic

call,

high-arch*d hall,

of pomp

of the

minstrel

and

romancer

on

which

the

bards

of the

simple republicsof

ancient

times

had

never

a

gazed^

and

the

between

the

might

splendour

and

poetry of ancient

Orientalism

acquiesce in

in the the

of the

manner

to

the

West

latter

hypothesis East ;

and

it

is

been

difference

discover

of the

having

eye

of middle

would

as

the

met

for the

account

Yet, notwithstanding, we

Europe.

to

this

and

dames

degree

that

an

^

ag^ such

induce

us

fictions tind mitted early trans-

highly probable

MIDDLE

with

along

that

laid

of Arabia

tales

from

a

Cleomades in the

thirteenth

in the the

and

envied

their

f

and

'y

of M.

The

Blanche

de

dinand,

the

to

X.

Alfonso

that the story is made

with

original poem,

and

text

Tres8an*s

ones,

be

by

and

widow

may

The

writer

highly

assertion

has

with

only acquainted

of

of Fer-

It is therefore

the

cerned. dis-

the command

the Moors.

from

tions collec-

came

at

Louis,

(Kinder.und Haus-Marchen,

the three

stories

Strapparola

could

not

were

does

brought

Adans,

hesitation,as is

other

Eastern

they

of St.

in

in Germany

origin may

of Castille.

came

found

the appearance

of the

or

who

not

it

seen

through

Extrait.

Grimm -f*

they

before

principal routes

by Adenez,

be

and

oriental

an

France, daughter

son

probable in the

of

written

was

Pentamerone

tale

Sisters

two

popular story

a

translation

traces

It

The

published long

Galland's

numerous

"

is also

in the

of tales

*^

Horse

Another

Sister," may

younger

Strapparola, and

merely resembles^

not

Nights.

One

collection^

same

written

was

story of the Enchanted

the

Thousand

of

romance

which

century *,

The in Europe

known

The

early penod.

tered en-

stores

of fiction.

undoubtedly

Claremonde^

of life

gorgeous

plastic powers

very and

of the

use

were

actuallyis

but

in

the

to

open

splendid habits

more

lavish

more

a

47

ROMANCE.

AGE

to

not

to

be

not

of each

independent have

translated follow

Europe long

drawn

till that

long the

before

by

III.

181)

other.

from

the Eastern

after

his

tale some

might

time. not

pilgrim or

maintains He

sa3r8

tales,as ever, It, howhave

been

merchant.

48

MIDDLE

the

and

of the

who

the

were

extensive

trade

with

his

Basile, the author in

youth

time

of

narrators

those

and

attention

We

for

Fairies with in

the the

turies

the

Asia.

to

for

in

But

each^

is

the earlier

that

romance

appears

being

t

he

as

long

notorious visited

the with

his memory

him

procured

for the

not

and

romance

or

ones

yet

name^

exploits of

especiallythe

more

may

have

originalmythology a

and

a

European

the classic and

of which

of

turned

its

case

into prose

sixteenth

cen""

Fairy Mythology

the

sparingly introduced.

of its fairies,romance in the

is

home.

composed

more

besides

It

Piacevoli

afterwards

fourteenth^ fifteenth^ and ;

an

Pentamerone, spent

attributes This

romances

is much

one

Notti

was

hospitalityat

of

on

Egypt.

difiPusal of which

indebted^ though

some

and

to store

thinks therefore^ be

may

carried

Candia"

of the

anxious

riches,the

their

the Venetians^

Lastly^ pilgrims were

was

and

published in Venice^

marvels^ and

Holy Land^

constant

a

Spain

and

;

the

Candia" and

Venice.

at

of

Syria

first

Strapparola were that

of

notice^ that

of

worthy

East

owners

commerce

occasioned

the Moors

between

sectaries

fellow

Mecca

pilgrimage to

intercourse

necessities of

The

easilyshown.

also be

ROMAKCE.

AGE

very to

oriental had

an

of the

nearly allied have

formed

prototypes

a

additional

Celtic tribes, to

the

part.

Fay

of

Such

50

AGS

MIDDLE

the

of

arms

she

singleword^ she

which

child.

'

du

The

lady The

Lac

and

taught

her

that

us

lac estoit

toutes appelleesy^e"

et savoient

la force

pierres^et

des

jeunesse^et

and to

of

lake

The

the

knowledge

for the author

temps

porta estoient

qui sentremeloient moult

et

la Grand

la vertu

des

den"" estoit

en

Bretaigne^ paroUes^ des

herbes, parquoi elles estoient beaulte^

en

et

en

grandes richesses,

en

do with

afeerie,an

was

damsel

in those

them

of female

elles divisoient *.'*

comment

The

her, and

qui Lancelot

charmes^

et

ne*

the ill return

cellui

en

petite

the of

Fairy ^

en principallement

lors

pour

et

celles

de

et

a

styfed

annals

of

la damoiselle

^'

da

la

de

his art, and in the

the

Vivieim^

was

enamoured

became

lake^

Dame

demon-bom,

the

xxnefie,

chantements

lady

consequence

acquiredshe

informs

of the

edge

la marche

known

In

uttmng

even

celebrated

the

en

portionof

a

treachery.

*

**

Merlin

is well

she made

au

of

but^

;

disappearswith

the

enchanter, became

nowned

babe

Lancelot, afterwards

was

dwelt

Bretaigne."

the

and

was

name

had

she

thus

orpbaa

to

moves

plunges

child

the

Lac;

the

restore

her

entreats

heediag her entreaties^ or

without

into

Ske

lady.

beautiftil

a

patheticallyto

a

BOMANCB.

who

times

earned

all ^se

enchantments

Lancelot women

and

then, principallyin

to

were

charms," Great

by the

illusion raised

the lake called

and

was

Fays

there

a

who

were

Biitain,^and knew

Fieiy, had maay the

MIDDLE

tbe devil had

whicb

art

The

her.

La

''

rmnance

dame

aetez

lieu

qui

celid

que

le nourissoit

plainde

au

le roy

ou

il sembloit

ou

taugbt Merlin, and

converseit

ne

estoit

Ban

moult

que

plus has

tertre

ung

mort:

le bois fust grant

que

la dame

(prqfond)aroit