Case studies

Urban Sustainability in West Michigan 13 Case Studies Completed Summer 2012 Pictures and text by Don Bucholz under the direction of Paul Long Associate Professor Ferris State University

The Pure Michigan campaign is one of the most successful campagns in the nation and draws millions of visitors to Michigan each year. (“Pure Michigan Takes Home Tenth Mercury Award.” http:// mi.meetingsmags.com/ article/pure-michigantakes-home-tenthmercury-award)

I

t is no secret that the State of Michigan has struggled with the economic downfall more than many other states in the nation. The unemployment rate has however fallen from a high of 14.1% in 2009 to 8.5% in May of 2012, just slightly higher than the national average. (“Unemployment Rate - Seasonally Adjusted.”)

Recently the Detroit News reported that Michigan is the fastest recovering state in the nation. Home sales and prices, consumer sales and confidence are all frowing

Picture of Campus Martius in the heart of downtown Detroit.Kent, Ethan. “Streetsblog New York City.” Vehicle City. Streets Blog, 16 July 2006

faster than other states in the nation. (Trop, Jaclyn.

“Michigan’s Recovery Outpaces Rest of U.S.”) Increasingly officials are looking towards sustainable urban design practices and downtown revitalization projects to draw more talent and businesses into the cities and towns throughout the state. (Schmidt, Angie. “Streetsblog Capitol Hill.” Michigan Cities See Placemaking as the Way to a Brighter Future) In a blog for the Lansing State Journal, Lou Glazer President of Michigan Future Inc. stated “The evidence is clear: The most prosperous places in America are those with the highest talent concentrations. In 2010 of the top 15 states in the proportion of adults with a four-year degree or more 12 are also in the top 15 in per capita income. All are in the top 20. Michigan’s fundamental challenge is that we are 36th in college attainment.” (Glazer, Lou. “Smart, Young Workers Are Vital.” 2012) Gov. Rick Snyder addressed the State Legislature and talked about how he views the importance of retaining and attracting talent to the State of Michigan. In the 20th century, the most valuable assets to job creators were financial and material capital. In a changing global economy, that is no longer the case. Today, talent has

of these cities have seen the value of sustainable development used in their own communities while others are at risk of never growing or attracting new people and businesses. The case studies I have presented are not intended to be a prediction of any outcome.

They are merely presented as good and bad examples of sustainable design in Michigan’s communities, so that others may draw from these examples and see what has worked or is not working in neighboring communities.

The documentation consisted of online research of each community to find out what each of the cities are doing or have done to address sustainability. I also looked for special developments within the community that addressed these ideas as well. Upon visiting each community I walked around the downtown area observing and taking pictures of examples of placemaking, public spaces, green spaces, and architecture. In addition to these things I also documented any special features they might offer either unique to their location or that can be imitated in other communities. As I said before I was also interested in ideas that may not be working to their benefit.

Picture of downtown Traverse City. Located in Northwest Michigan Traverse City boasts a vibrant downtown area with a variety of businesses, plenty of bike parking, trails and public tranportation.

surpassed other resources as the driver of economic growth.” (Glazer, Lou. “Smart, Young Workers Are Below: Townhomes in downtown Frankfort are an Vital.” 2012) There are several organizations that have excellent example of mixing uses in an urban setting. spearheaded the effort to reinvent Michigan’s cities and towns into great places that attract and keep talented people. In 2004, then Gov. Granholm began the Cool Cities Initiative to award grants to cities wanting to invigorate their downtown areas into “cool places.” (Chung, Connie. “Michigan’s Hot Cool Cities Initiative Underway.”) The Michigan Municipal League, Michigan Main Streets program, Michigan downtowns association and numerous other state and local entities offer assistance to cities and towns across Michigan.

The following case studies are from cities and towns across Western and Central Michigan. Some

Michigan state statistics: Population (2010): 9,883,640 Percent 65 years and over 13.8% Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 $144,200 Median household income 2006-2010 $48,432

12 11

9 10

8

Community case studies

1. Holland 2. Grand Haven 3. Muskegon 4. Fremont 5. Baldwin 6. Ludington 7. manistee 8. Frankfort 9. leland 10. Traverse City 11. Boyne City 12. Petoskey 13. Cadillac

13

7 6

5 4 3 2 1

Case Study #1: Holland, Michigan

Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

33,051 13.7% 31.6% $132,600 $42,987 1992.3/sq.mi.

Yes

Crosswalk in downtown Holland showing beautiful landscaping, covered waiting area, benches and storefronts.

H

olland Michigan was originally founded by a small group of Dutch immigrants led by Rev. Albertus C. VanRaalte in 1847. The city is famous today because of its annual tulip festival which began in 1930.( “Holland Michigan.” Holland History2012) In 2009, Holland was ranked the “2nd happiest places to live in America” by Gallup-Healthways WellBeing Index. Holland is praised as being a city of churches with members that fill the community with a caring and charitable atmosphere. (CORN, MICHAEL,

Crosswalks in th edowntown area were clearly defined and felt safe to cross.

A variety of seating, tree lined streets, and protected crosswalks created a friendly safe environment.

MARGARET ARO, and CHRISTINE BROZYNA. 2012)

Holland is proud of their Dutch heritage and their commitment to becoming more sustainable. The local government houses a department of sustainability that plans and executes all issues with sustainability.

Their accomplishments to date are the installations of 8 bike racks, 7 electric car charging stations, over 300 LED retrofits for downtown street lighting, 3 LEED certified buildings and the largest municipally-owned snowmelt system in the United States. (“Downtown

The largest municipally owned ground snowmelt system in the U.S. and this wood burning outdoor fireplace make Downtown Holland a social hub year round.

Holland Michigan.�

Green Downtown) I documented the downtown area and the immediately s u r r o u n d i n g neighborhoods, and venturing through Centennial Park.

The downtown area streets are one lane, one way streets with angled parking on both sides. Parking is free in downtown Holland.

One of several Electric vehicle The sidewalks are charging stations located in brick pavers and have a variety of seating Downtown Holland. available. When I was there the streets were busy with people walking and eating in the outdoor dining spaces. People made eye contact and cheerfully replied to my statement of “good morning� to passersby.

There were many trees along the street which made the sidewalks very comfortable and felt sheltered.

The crosswalks were very well marked and felt safe.

Because of the skinny streets and angled parking the traffic was slowed to less than 25 miles per hour.

Another amenity which added convenience to the downtown area was the inclusion of a public restroom building. The facility was modern and well maintained. Public restrooms are welcome and make for a more enjoyable visit especially

Raised flowerbeds filled with flowers filled the air with a slightly aromatic scent. if you have children or have a condition where you might make frequent visits to the restroom.

The city does publish a map of the cities bike paths; however in the downtown area there seemed to be no evidence of bike routes and a lack of bike parking. There is enough vehicle parking for the traffic downtown. The city of Holland has also provided electric car charging stations, one of the first cities in the state.

There is a variety of areas dedicated to different levels of social interaction. There are many benches, both shaded and sunny. There is a downtown park located in an opening between two buildings. Not only does this park provide seating and shade it also serves as a pathway to parking areas in the rear of the buildings.

Holland also has an outdoor fireplace which allows social interactions during the cold winter months.

Seating area with a small stage for performances or speeches located between buildings in Downtown Holland

View from the corner of Central Avenue and 10th street looking into Centennial Park.

During my experience in Holland, I witnessed a busy yet very comfortable downtown area. The many trees, and beautifully maintained landscaping added a friendly small town ambience to the downtown area.

I found no evidence that the city of Holland desired to achieve a rating from any assessment method. Instead they used information from readily available resources and the input from their citizens to create a great city.

Case Study #2: Grand Haven, Michigan

Population (2010): 10,412 Percent 65 years and over 19.1% Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher 31.9% Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 $136,400 Median household income 2006-2010 $42,398 Density: 1,804.2/sq.mi.

Department of sustainability? Yes

G

rand Haven is the first city in this series of case studies that has taken advantage of the Michigan Main Streets program. There are three levels of achievement. The first, associate level, takes a year to complete and provides free information about the benefits of downtown revitalization and things to consider. The second level, selected, takes five years to complete and provides more training and other specific assistance to communities. The top level is the master level and can take 6 or more years to complete. This level is a continuance of the second level with market research and trending services also. Grand Haven is a master level community.

(Michigan Main Streets. “Place Matters on Michigan Main Streets.�

2012)

According to the Grand Haven website, “downtown Grand Haven has become a vibrant district with modern businesses positioned in an historic setting. In recent years, the main shopping district was outfitted with an environmentally friendly snow Banner in downtown Grand Haven advertising the melt system under the sidewalks and roads, new area as a year round destination. parking areas, green roofed dumpsters, landscaping

Crosswalks were clearly defined making them feel safer to the pedestrian.

Art is integrated into the downtown area in many and more.”( “Grand Haven, Michigan.” 2012) ways. Above: One of many painted dog statues along

Grand Haven hosts many community the streets of downtown. Below: A large mural paintevents year round which host thousands of peo- ed on the side of a building. ple. Wine about Winter, Artwalk, Frozen in Time and the Coast Guard Festival are just a few of the events this lakeside community provides.

My downtown visit included Washington Avenue between Harbor Drive and 5th street. I also visited central park. Traffic in downtown Grand Haven is two way with one lane in each direction. Parking is angled on the North side and parallel on the south. Crosswalks of a different material and bulb outs further help to slow traffic. Unlike Holland however the crosswalks are protected by a yield sign rather than a stop sign, so traffic barely slows as it approaches the crosswalk area.

The distance between building facades is about 10’ larger at 80’ wide rather than Holland’s 70’.

The trees are very young and offer little protection Picture of central park adjacent to downtown area. You can see the divided boulaevard to the right which serves to slow traffic down and as a spot to add more trees to the landscape.

View of Washington Avenue in downtown Grand Havsne. Notice how the mix of parrelel and angled parking narrows the road slightly and cause the traffic to slow down.

Newspaper vending machines located next to a shaded infill park in the heart fo downtown invite visitors to sit and relax, or soacialize with one another. now but are spaced equidistant from each other and given time will provide the desired protection.

The downtown area provides several small posts designated as bike parking. The streetlamps are equidistant and identical to each other. Many lampposts display banners advertising the Grand Haven area to be an all season attraction. The benches, lampposts, and other downtown furnishings are all of the same style and tie together very nicely.

View of sidewalk along Washington Avenue showing street lighting with banners. The bollards along the sidewalk have a welded loop on the side to allow rifers to lock their bike to them.

A vintage looking trolley carries passengers around town on an historic tour of Grand Haven.

Case Study #3: Muskegon, Michigan Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

38,401 11.6% 10.7% $78,100 $26,686 2,702.2/sq.mi.

Yes

M

uskegon is the only downtown that has completed all levels of the Michigan Main street program and is considered a graduate community. The vision statement on their website explains what they believe Muskegon downtown will be in the year 2018.

It includes improving public transit options, more downtown business and continued economic vitality. (“About Downtown.� Downtown Muskegon Now 2012)

The downtown Muskegon area is at the beginning of their transformation. There is a lot of empty land available in the area, and the development that is present is brand new. The city has done their homework in developing a strong vision for their city.

Muskegon was a city hard hit by recession and in some ways reminded me of parts of Detroit. There is even a LEED silver office building designed by Sidock Architects in downtown Muskegon. The new infrastructure consists of two way streets and boulevards with parallel

Muskegon washard hit by trying economic times. The city has torn down most of their rundown structures in order to make way for new development. This infill site is similar to many awaiting developers.

Above: Picturesque social gathering place for large or small groups of people. Bottom: Wide portion of sidewalk with a stage for small perfromances or presentaions. Opposite top: One of several chalk stencil pictures around downtown Muskegon. parking and some angle parking. The crosswalks are clearly designated by a different material than the road. There is a mix of new development and restored historical architecture. There is also a mix of housing opportunities and plans for more residencies.

The trees and landscape were new so their full potential is yet to be seen. There were several gathering places offering different levels of social interactions, including spaces for performances or speeches. In several locations there were also chalk stencil drawings saying “Love Muskegon� with a heart. Hackley Park is located in downtown and has plenty of open spaces Above: LEED certified building in downtown Muskegon; for activities and several historical statues. The park Proof of the cities commitment to sustainable design. also plays host to several events throughout the year.

Parking downtown is free, and abundant.

There was however a lack of bike parking and no designated bike routes. But if driving or riding does not suit your needs downtown Muskegon also offers bus service with stops throughout the area.

My impression of the city of Muskegon is that they have spent the necessary time to carefully plan what they want their downtown area to be and how to revitalize it and make it sustainable. Their reconstruction has just begun.

Above: The Patricia B. Johnson circle in the heart of the new Downtown Muskegon. The scuplture, erected in 2008, is called “Muskegon, Together Rising.” (McVicar, Brian. “Online Poll: Sculpture Erected in Downtown Hub.”) Left: The Frauenthal Center for the Performing Arts, formerly known as the Michigan Theater, was built in 1929 by Muskegon’s own movie mogul, Paul Shlossman. His trademark camel-hair coat, the way his hat tipped over one eye, and his striking demeanor were all clues to Schlossman’s colorful life as a showman. (“Frauenthal History.” Frauenthal Center for the Performing Arts) Below: Buildings in downtown Muskegon showing a mix of old and new development. Also note the housing units to the far left.

Case Study #4: Fremont, Michigan

Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

4,081 19.4% 32.6% $82,100 $32,246 996/sq.mi.

No

I

n 2004 the state of Michigan granted the city of Fremont $15,000 as part of their “Blueprint for Michigan’s Downtowns” program. The city of Fremont matched the funds and used the money to develop a downtown revitalization and development plan. The city of Fremont worked with the MEDC and the national firm of HyettPalma to develop an action plan (Michigan Economic Development Corporation. Fremont Celebrates Blueprint Designation. 15 Nov. 2004. PDF)

The first thing I noticed when I came to the city of Fremont was their street and information signage.

Each sign has a small “City of Fremont” bright red sign attached to the top. It makes the signs easy to spot and is a great placemaking strategy. The second thing I noticed is that the main street through Fremont is a state highway and thus very, very busy. There is a lot

Even though crosswalks were clearly defined, the heavy traffic and distance between crooswalks made it difficult to navigate the downtown area on foot.

Top: The street and information signs in Fremont were all uniform with the bright red City of Fremont sign on top.

The stage at Veteran’s Memorial Park is large enough for hundreds of people to gather during the summer concert series and other events. presence of alleyways that act as passages between the sidewalks and to the rear of the buildings where there was additional parking. These alleyways were each identified the same with a wrought iron archway above the entrance with the name Fremont in block letters. Each of the alleys were elaborately landscaped and cared for with a brick winding path through it.

These made parking in the rear of the building that much more accessible to residents.

Veterans Memorial Park was located adjacent to the downtown area and featured a playground

Above: Periodic bulb outs in the sidewalk gave room to place seating but did little to slow down traffic passing by on the street. Right & Opposite: Wrought iron archways at the entrance to two different alleys connecting additional parking in the rear to the main street. of big trucks going through the area. Because of this, even though the crosswalks are clearly identified and are of a different material than the road, they don’t seem as comfortable as they might otherwise be. This coupled with the fact that there are minimal crossings in the downtown area make getting around more difficult while walking or biking. Although the city does employ bulb outs periodically along the street, the road is still wide and does little to slow traffic down enough to feel comfortable. It is however worth noting that the street through downtown is a state highway and the dimensions are therefor determined by state guidelines.

There were numerous opportunities for sitting and socializing. One of the things I noticed is the

A wall in Veteran’s Memorial park in honor of fallen servicemembers in the community. Seating on both sides of this wall and landscaping that creates a space within a space allow for quiet contemplation and an increased level of intimacy and privacy.

Numerous plantings and seating created opportunities to socialize, relax or people watch.

for the kids, a wall dedicated to the honor of fallen veterans and a large sloped field with a large stage area for concerts and other events. A large sign on the main street side of the park advertised the Summer Concert series featuring music every Thursday night at 7PM. Along Main Street a banner advertises the Farmers market every Thursday and Saturday from June through October.

The sidewalks featured numerous trees that provided plenty of shade and help reduce noise from passing traffic. There were also many flowers and plants that made the scene more comfortable. Fremont is a city that has made a lot of improvements to make their downtown more vibrant. Unfortunately, the busy main street through downtown works against the comfort of pedestrians.

A banner on main street advertises the Fremont farmers market every Thursday and Saturday June to October.

Case Study #5: Baldwin, Michigan Case Study #5: Baldwin, Mi Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

1,208 21.8% 6.4% $66,400 $15,550 873.2/sq.mi.

No

B

aldwin is a small community located at the junction of M-37 and US 10. It is the county seat of Lake county and is famous for its rich trout streams. It is also the site of the Baldwin river which is where the German brown trout was first introduced to Michigan waters in 1884. Baldwin has become the base camp for the areas many off road trails. It also plays host to several festivals and events. One of the largest events for the city of Baldwin is the Troutarama held every July. (“Lake County, Michigan.�2012)

Baldwin Michigan has the same issue that Fremont has in that the main street through town is a major highway. The traffic flow on this road seemed to be a little less than in Fremont but the road was nearly twice as wide. Despite this, and the fact that the downtown was very small and relatively undeveloped, the city has implemented several tools for good design and preserved one major view. As you drive north into

Despite its small existance, Baldwin manages to consider alternate forms of transportation in their downtown area. Bike racks located along curb area.

the city the first thing you notice is the terminated vista of M-37 into the Lake County Courthouse main entrance. It is a view that is reminiscent of old urban design practices of placing prominent buildings at the crossings of roads to accentuate their importance and give character to the city. I was most surprised at this discovery.

Driving through the city what you notice is a small western Michigan community that most people drive through rather than stop in. But walking along the sidewalks you can see the work they have done to bring walkability and sustainability to their little town. There are several landscaped areas and bike racks along the sidewalks and many places to take a seat. And although there are no designated bike lanes on the street the road is wide enough to allow bike traffic to share the road comfortably. In a city more known for its trout fishing they have still made an effort to be more sustainable and plan for a successful future.

Above & Opposite Top: The Lake County Couthouse lies on a perfect axis along M-37 creating a terminated vista which draws attention to the courthouse and emphasizes its importance.

Above: M-37 is the main road through town and is very wide and cumbersom to cross on foot. Below: Different configurations of seating allow for different levels of social interaction.

Case Study #6: Ludington, Michigan

Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

L

udington is a lakeside community locating at the western endpoint of US10. It boast three lighthouses open to the public, miles of sandy beaches and is the home port of the SS Badger, an historic car ferry that shuttle vehicles across Lake Michigan to Wisconsin. (“Downtown Ludington | Where West Michigan Shops.�)

This community also offers several events including movies in the park, a farmers market and a New Year’s Celebration.

Ludington is a small town when you look only at the population numbers. But when you consider that the car ferry for Wisconsin is ported here and that Ludington has a very large marina which makes it the port of many private boats and charter fishing fleets and the fact that

8,076 21.1% 36.7% $105,800 $33,642 2,397.9/sq.mi.

No

The tree canopy, plenty of public spaces to socialize and the excellent signage downtown mad Ludington a comfortable place to be. The signs are an excellent example of Ludingtons placemaking efforts.

View of Park at the corner of James Street and US-10. This place provide a center tot he downtown area, plenty of information about the area and was easy to walk to. It also provide a shady place to socialize.

Ludington has some of the most beautiful beaches along Lake Michigan you can begin to understand why Ludington is so busy. Because it is so busy the main street is four lanes wide with a turning lane through most of the downtown area. It isn’t until you get closer to the lakeshore that the turning lane is replaced with a grass covered boulevard.

The crosswalks were defined only by painted white lines but were protected by walk signals. Even though they were protected by signals they still seemded intimidating because you had to cross five lanes of traffic. It would be stressful if you had small children with you.

At the intersection of James Street and US-10 the city eliminated the section of James to the north extending one block and replaced that section with a small park area reserved for social activity. There are numerous places that have local events and attractions posted on them, it is easily recognizable from a distance and is easy to get to. I served as a unique solution to provide a social space in the heart of the downtown.

Ludington also has a very large public marina merely a block off of the downtown route, easily within walking distance. You could moor your boat in the marina and walk downtown for some shopping and nightlife very easily.

Below: A mural celebrating the Ludington area Jacees Annual Freedom Festival.

Above: It wasn’t until US-10 and Williams Street at the west end of the downtown area that the road became a boulevard with two lanes in each direction. Using a boulevard can make a wide road more comfortable to cross because it allows the pedestrian to break up the crossing into two smaller lengths with a refuge or rest between.

Shopping downtown consisted of mostly tourist shops but there was a mix of restaurants and other shops. Because of the tourist attractions in and around Ludington it was hard to truly assess just how popular the downtown area is year round. But in July, it was quite busy.

Ludington seemed to be a comfortable place to walk around. The downtown area provided plenty of

informational signs to guide your way. Each sign had the same design so it was obvious what sign to look for when you were there. Lots of people and lots of places to sit and socialize, eat lunch or an ice cream cone, or just to people watch made Ludington a comfortable place to be.

Ludington’s marina is a short walk from the downtown area and is home to many private boats and commercial charter fishing fleets. This platform overlooks the marina and is used as a public fishing and viewing platform.

Case Study #7: Manistee, Michigan Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

6,226 18% 20.0% $99,300 $38,905 1,895.3/sq.mi.

No

M

anistee is nicknamed the Victorian Port City. The community is also a selected level Michigan main street community. The downtown area is listed on the “National Register of Historic Places.” (“Experience Historic Downtown Manistee, the Victorian Port City.”)

When you visit downtown Manistee you feel like the wrought iron gateway is a time tunnel transporting you back to the early 1900’s. The architecture of the buildings is the same as it once was. That gives Manistee, what I believe to be a very unique and inviting charm. The shops in the downtown area even displayed signs that were representative of that era. It made the experience seem genuine. It is an excellent example of good placemaking.

I visited Manistee early in the morning when there were not many people on the streets. River Street serves as the main street through the downtown area

Above: Passing through the limestone and wrought iron gatewya to the downtown area is almost like passing through a gateway through time. Manistee has taken great care to preserve the historic architecture of the downtown area.

Above & Below: The architecture of the buildings complimented the historic feel of the downtown; an excellent example of placemaking.

Above & Below: The signage for the business downtown matched the architectural era perfectly and completed the feel of stepping back in time.

Below: View from atop drawbridge on US-31 showing the marina, river walk and the rear of the buildings facing River Street in downtown Manistee.

Above: Newly renovated condos adjacent to the downtown area provide a variety of uses for Manistee.

Mixed uses are a proven method of increasing business and pedestrian traffic to any dowtown area.

Below: The river walk offers a variety of places for social interactions or for quiet contemplation while watching the traffic on the river.

Above: Public restrooms are a welcome sight for any pedestrian. Even the new construction in Manistee has to follow the building codes in order to maintain the historic feel of downtown.

Below: Ramps such as this one make the riverwalk in Mnaistee accessable to everyone.

and consists of two lanes of traffic and parallel parking on each side. Parking is free downtown.

The downtown area parallels the river connecting Lake Michigan to Lake Manistee. There is a river walk with several connections through the wall of buildings via decorated alleys. The river is used by commercial shipping that serves the industry on Lake Manistee and by private and commercial fishing boats moored along the marina through the downtown area of the river walk. The river walk is a mix of concrete and boardwalk. There are several places to socialize with others or sit in quiet contemplation while admiring the river and the boat traffic. There are several ramps that connect to the boardwalk making it accessible for people with disabilities. There are many entrances between the river walk and the businesses that back up to it. Some restaurants even have platforms where you can enjoy dinner and the views of the river.

The downtown area although it offers an historic charm, does little more to make a pedestrian feel comfortable. There is very little tree canopy cover which could offer shade on a hot summer day. There is also a lack of bike parking and places to socialize on the main street. However, Manistee is in the beginning stages of their redevelopment. The city council has laid out a comprehensive plan regarding the cityscapes,

Above: A small park in downtown that plays host to pieces of artwork that adds an air of the modern era to downtown Manistee. placemaking, pedestrian comfort, providing mixed uses and downtown residences, historical context and the river walk improvements. (“Master Plan.� Manistee, MI. MANISTEE CITY PLANNING COMMISSION, 2002) There was a brand new condominium directly across the bridge from downtown. I found roughly one quarter of the buildings in downtown were vacant but nearly all of those vacancies were in the process of some sort of remodeling project. There was a lot of activity downtown.

The city of Manistee has done a lot of work so far, especially when considering the practice of good Above & Below: Manistee offered several connections between River Street and the river walk. The signs were placemaking. When you consider the efforts so far and the Master plan provided by the planning commission easily identifiable and were of the same design. it becomes evident that Manistee is well aware of their goals and what they want their city to be. I look forward to visiting Manistee again to see the progress.

Below: Just as it once was. Downtown Manistee does and excellent job preserving and restoring the architecture and feel of years gone past. You can truly feel like you stepped back in time.

Case Study #8: Frankfort, Michigan

Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

1,286 36.1% 23.3% $167,500 $ 34,722 873.2/sq.mi.

No

F

rankfort is a small port community on the shores of Lake Michigan. It began as a safe harbor for passing vessels and then became a commercial port exporting goods from Northern Michigan. Today there is little commercial traffic on the canal. (“City of Frankfort.” History.) In 2004, the National Arbor Day Foundation recognized the City of Frankfort as a Tree City USA. To receive this award the city must have designate $2 per resident annually towards the care of its trees, have an official tree board, ordinances in effect to protect trees and celebrate Arbor Day annually. (“Tree City USA.” City of Frankfort.Web.)

The first thing you notice about Frankfort is that to get to the downtown area you have to turn off of M-22 to get there, this greatly reduces the volume of traffic by people just traveling through Frankfort. The

Above: The streets in Frankfort were very wide, but because there was no through traffic, due to it not being part of the state highway, the traffic was minimal and realatively slow.

Above: The city of Frankfort maintained an abundance of different sized parkspaces wich offered visitors different amenities. This park offered users a place to sit in the shade and socialize and also a pathway to the marina and parking lots in the rear.

Above: There was a very visible mix of uses in and near the downtown area. Here is a group of townhomes directly adjacent to the downtown business district. The landscaping made them feel like quaint lakeside cottages and were conveniently located within a short walk to the beach, retail shops and the marina on the street behind them.

Above: Frankfort has probably the most easily accessable and largest beaches of any city I visited. This beach is visible from the downtown area and is only a short walk. From here you can swim, sunbath or sit on the beach and watch the fishing vessels arrive or depart from the marina.

downtown area is one block from M-22 and is visible from the state highway. The streets of downtown are very wide but again lightly traveled.

Frankfort is a very compact town with very little suburbs. You get to the rural areas very quickly when you drive out of town. Downtown I was impressed with the housing opportunities right on Main Street. There are single family homes, apartments and townhomes all with a short walking distance to the downtown Above: Frankfort’s downtown holds a mix of modern shops, the parks and the wonderful beach Frankfort offers. and historic arcitecture. Here a modern building blends

The city took great care in providing plenty of in with the historic buildings in town. park space for its residents and visitors. There were numerous playgrounds, picnic areas and quiet places to sit. And there were also public restroom facilities easily accessible from Main Street.

Near the beach parking lot the city has erected a short concrete wall tiled with blue tiles. It is called the community support wall. For $100 any person can buy a tile and put their name or a loved one’s name on a tile to be place on the wall. The money goes to the support of the community.

The downtown is a mix of complimentary old and new architecture. The Garden Theatre is an historic building in downtown Frankfort originally built in 1923. Through the time and monetary donations of residents it has been recently restored. The theatre plays first run movies at all times during the week and Above: The sidewalk landscaping was a mix of trees, hosts a film festival in October.

The crosswalks in Frankfort are just painted large overflowing flower pots and openings in the sidewalks that held green plants such as hostas and on the road with little further considerations. But because of the lack of vehicular traffic, it does not decorative grasses. affect the safety of them. The sidewalks are shaded by plenty of trees and are landscaped by large flower Below: This park offered a large playground and public restrooms. It was also a nice place to sit and watch the activity in the marina. The large open space is the site of the weekly Farmer’s Festival during the summer.

Above: One of many similar flower pots that bring color and fragrance to the downtown area.

Above: The Garden Theatre, originally built in 1923, was recently restored and now carries first run movies and host and annual film festival. pots overflowing with flowers and openings in the sidewalks with large hostas and other green plants bursting form them. There are many benches placed in the downtown for a pedestrian to sit on.

When I visited Frankfort I did not see any bike route signs, bike lanes marked on the street or any bike parking in the downtown area. Any cyclists would feel unaccounted for in the design.

Frankfort was a very quiet, small portside community on Lake Michigan, but nonetheless a community that cares about the look and feel of their city. With a mix of uses downtown, plenty of park space and a great beach Frankfort can be proud of their accomplishments.

Above: Crosswalks in Frankfort were merely just painted lines on the pavement.

Bottom: The community Support Wall near the beach in Frankfort offers residents the chance to memorialize their loved ones name on a tile. The tile costs $100 and goes to support the community.

Case Study #9: Leland, Michigan

Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

377 37.9% Unavailable $524,000 $ 53,646 115/sq.mi.

No

Leland is a very quaint community located on a sliver of land between Lake Michigan on the west and Lake Leelanau on the east. The website boasts that Leland is a great “walking around” town with many of its shops, museums, restaurants, and access to beaches and docks within a short distance. The historic district is known as Fishtown and is reminiscent of Lake Michigan’s small fishing villages 100 years ago. Today it is filled with specialty shops. On the second Saturday of June they hold their wine and food festival. This festival showcases the local wines and food and hors d’oeuvres from local restaurants. (“About Us.” Leland Michigan Chamber of Commerce.)

My visit to Leland included the famed Fishtown, an accurately preserved Northwest Michigan commercial fishing town, and the small downtown area. Leland is full of small tourist shops such as candy Above: Historic fishtown is an emaculately preserved and t-shirt vendors but contains very little other than 100 year old Northwest Michigan commercial fishing that. It is obvious when you visit that there is very little village.

Leland has built a large new marina for fishing vessels and private boats but require a parking pass to park there. It is clear that when winter comes the streets are vacant of any visitors and I would assume many residents. Leland seems to be more of a vacation stop or a place for a summer home and nothing more.

As a visitor you can see and experience all Leland has to offer within an hour or two.

Above: Fishtown is still home to many local charter fishing and commercial fishing vessels.

Below: Besides Fishtown, Leland offers very little for visitors or residents. It’s easy to picture the entire town closing up during the winter months.

year round draw for visitors or residents. While Fishtown is very unique and is the biggest attraction in this small town, there are only three or four small shops to see. The walkway that goes across the dam and offers probably the best view of the village is open only to paying guests of the hotel.

Above: A sign designating Fishtown as a recognized historic district.

Below: Leland has recently built a new marina adjacent to their historic Fishtown. It increases the towns capacity for fishing and private vessels and continues to draw seasonal fisherman. The marina is private and requires a parking permit in order to park in the lot.

Case Study #10: Traverse City, Michigan Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

14,674 16.7% 43.9% $ 178,400 $ 41,961 1,762.4/sq.mi.

No

T

raverse City is a popular four season’s tourist destination. It was founded as a logging town in 1852 but remained only a remote outpost accessible only by boat for 12 more years. The city has grown into one of the largest communities in the region.

The Traverse City area is known for its wines, miles of beaches, and the many outdoor recreation activities available. (“Traverse City.� Historical Sites)

My visit to Traverse City was a two part endeavor. My first stop was a site formerly known as the Traverse City State Hospital, and before that, the Northern Michigan Asylum. It is now called The Village at Grand Travers Commons. Currently it is undergoing an adaptive reuse restoration. The original buildings are being retrofitted to include many different residential configurations from studio apartments to 3500 ft2 or larger luxury condos, and to include retail and office spaces. The Village is a 480 acre community with original

Above: Downtown Traverse City offered an abundance of bike parking and marked bike lanes on the street.

There is a sign at the entrance to the downtown area explaining that bikes were welcome.

Above: Public entrance to the retail level located in the basement of the historic main building. This wing is known as the Mercato.

Above: The grounds of this former hospital campus are stunning and interesting from every angle. However, because the buildings are all similar in form and material the campus can be disorientating to the first time visitor.

Below: The enormous structure od the former hospital campus offer thousands of square feet of residential and commerical space with hundreds of differetn configurations and options.

historic buildings, miles of biking and pedestrian paths and is close to Munson Medical Center. (“The Village at Grand Traverse Commons.� The Village at Grand Traverse Commons) The Village is the creation of the Minervini Group, a local team assembled by Traverse City area resident and respected historic renovator & builder Ray Minervini.

The website boasts about the connection to downtown via biking or walking. The road going to The Village is very busy and the bike route is merely a sign on a post identifying it as a bike route. There is no marking on the pavement in this area of the route.

There also seemed to be a lack of public bike parking however there were bike racks at nearly every private entrance, and most of these were full of bikes. The distance from The Village to downtown is roughly 1 ½ miles which makes it tough to navigate without having to use a car or public transportation.

The grounds of this former hospital campus are stunning and interesting from every angle. The trees are old growth and equally impressive. The landscaping is minimal, which lets the architecture speak volumes.

The buildings are all very similar and I found it can be very disorientating when one is not familiar with the property. This project however is an excellent example of adaptive reuse and historic preservation. The Minervini Group has created an outstanding community within the Travers City area and hopefully the connection between it and the downtown areas can be better developed in the future.

The second part of my Traverse City stop was the downtown area located along Front Street. When you get to the downtown area the bike routes are marked on

Above & Below: Dowtown Traverse City offered and Above: Bike rack for the general public located in the abundant variety of bike parking making it very rear of The Mercato building in The Village at Grand attractive for bike riders. The lack of free parking for Traverse Commons. vehicles also encouraged the use of bikes.

Bottom: The crosswalks in the downtown area were seamless with the sidewalks on either side of the street making the downtown feel more meant for pedestrians than for vehicles. the pavement and there is plenty of public bike parking.

There is also parking for cars either on the street or in one of the parking decks but vehicle parking is not free. Front Street is two lanes of westbound traffic only through the downtown area. To go Eastbound you need to circle around to State Street or Grandview Parkway.

The traffic flow through downtown was surprising. At times it seemed bumper to bumper moving at about 10 – 15 miles per hour.

Despite the hustle and bustle around the downtown area it was easy to find a quiet confortable to sit and enjoy a conversation with friends or to just sit and people watch.

There were plenty of crosswalks throughout the downtown area each stemming from a bulb out on either side of the street. The crosswalks were of the same material as the sidewalks which made them seem seamless and that equal consideration was paid to pedestrian and bike traffic as was paid to vehicular traffic. The sidewalks were sheltered with plenty of tree cover and canopies from the businesses there. There was a great variety of retail and offices downtown from your expected tourist shops to businesses that would serve residents year round. The Movie theatre downtown was advertising “Jurassic Park� for free at 4pm on Wednesday afternoon.

Downtown Traverse City also uses unique information signs that are all of the same design; again a very important placemaking strategy. The signs feature a circular band that displays what district you are in and within the circular sign lies a rectangular sign with arrows pointing to the different attractions. These signs are placed at every intersection and periodical between blocks.

Hundreds of pedestrians lined the sidewalks talking with each other in cafĂŠ seating areas and window shopping. Despite the heavy traffic downtown it still felt like they were the ones being inconvenienced and not the pedestrians. The crosswalks felt safe. The street configuration, bike lanes and the presence of all the people slowed traffic to below the posted speed limit.

In the midst of all this hustle and bustle however Traverse City still managed to incorporate several types

of seating areas from very social to places where you can sit and enjoy a bite while people watching or conversing with some friends.

With the variety of retail and office spaces, the plentiful residential opportunities close to and within the downtown areas it is obvious that Traverse City has successfully determined their vision of a thriving urban scene and have mapped out their path to achieving it.

The streets of Traverse City were bustling with people but were fun and inviting to navigate.

Welcome to Boyne City, Michigan. N.d. Photograph. Boyne City. City-data.

Case Study #11: Boyne City, Michigan Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

B

3735 19% 25.4% $135,500. $ 39,716 803/sq.mi.

No

oyne city is recognized also as a “selected level Michigan main street community.” In 2010, Boyne City was named the Michigan main street community of the year. (Hopkins, David. “Boyne City, Main Street Program of the Year.”) It is a small community located on the eastern shore of Lake Charlevoix. The community plays host to several events including a 90 mile boat race every Independence Day and an event called “Stroll the Streets” every Friday during the summer. (“Events & Festivals.” Boyne City, Michigan.2012) Between the year 2000 and 2010 census the population of Boyne City grew 6% which makes this community the fastest growing community in Northern Michigan. (“Boyne City Is the Hub of Northern Michigan!” 2012)

Parking in Boyne City is free and along Water Above: A banner displayed on a light pole downtown Street downtown there is parallel and angled parking. celabrates the presntation of the Michigan Main Street M-75 runs through the center of the downtown area Community of the year award in 2010. so again the width of the road was dictated by state guidelines. However, there was a short distance

Above: The sidewalks in downtown Boyne City were comfortable and pleasant to walk on not only because of the new surface but also because of the presence of trees and the numerous flowers and landscaping. Here is a flower box in front of a storefront downtown.

Below: The bridge carrying M-75 across the river is lined in flower boxes creating a cohesive landscaping throught the entire city. between crosswalks, lights at every intersection and bulb outs from the sidewalk which helped to slow the traffic to a tolerable pace. The sidewalks were wide and in very good shape. There were trees, although very young, all along the sidewalks. In addition, the city has constructed a boulevard along Park Street which acts to slow traffic down on the street surrounding their main park downtown along the river.

Boyne Cities placemaking efforts were also obvious with the design of the information and street signs, and the architecture of the buildings. One Water Street is a development on the lake shore of Boyne Cities downtown. It was awarded the 2010

Above & Top: Boyne City has a clear understanding of the importance of placemaking and how to properly incorporate it into the design of their signs downtown.

These are examples of how each of the different signs differ in their purpose but share the same design.

Above: One Water Street is a new development awarded the 2010 Brownfield development of the Year by the State of Michigan. The retail shops have added 100 jobs to the economy of Boyne City. The development by Catt Development was designed to compliment rather than mimic the existing architecture.

Above: There were numerous landscaped areas which made Boyne City very pleasant. This one near the park is maintained by the local Boyne Valley Garden Club.

Below: Park Street is divided by a boulevard which makes the area more comfortable for pedestrians. The grassy area also allows more areas for Boynes Cities trees. Boyne City was named awarded the Arbor Day foundations designation of Tree City USA for the 8th year in a row. (McWhirter, Sheri. “Boyne City Is a Tree City, Again.�

Petoskey News)

Water Street is a development on the lake shore of Boyne Cities downtown. It was awarded the 2010 Brownfield development of the year award. Its shops and 24 slip marina has added 100 jobs to the city and the architecture was meant to compliment rather than mimic Boyne City’s existing architecture. The city manager and the residents agree that the development has been an asset to their community. (2010 MEDC Brownfield Small Award - One Water, Boyne City, MI. Perf. Walter Kid, Michael Cain. YouTube)

The park downtown is directly connected to the downtown area via a river walk and a seating are on the main street. The park and walkways are landscaped with many flowers and plants which are maintained by a local garden club. There are many spaces to sit in the park and along the river walk or on a picnic table right on Water Street while enjoying the sights and sounds

of the downtown area.

Boyne City is a very small town with a population less than 4000, but visiting Boyne City you become aware that the city officials and the people of this place are very interested in the sustainability of their small city, and are making considerable effort to make it that way.

Above right: A banner advertises the weekly Stroll the Streets event every Friday evening featuring musicians and other performers along with fun activities meant to encourage residents to get out and enjoy their city by walking around downtown.

Above left: An alleyway landscaped with plants and a stone path leads pedestrians to the business entrances located here and then beyond to an entrance to the river walk.

Below: A social gathering place with picnic tables and a small stage. The stone wall in the rear opens onto the river walk and you can see the park across the river.

Case Study #12: Petoskey, Michigan Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

P

5,670 16.1% 33.0% $186,600 $38,396 114.2/sq.mi.

No

etoskey is a small resort community overlooking Little Traverse Bay in Northwest Michigan.

It was well known in the past as a destination point for affluent vacationers. Petoskey was officially granted a charter in 1879. (“Welcome to Petoskey, Michigan!”

2012. ) Petoskey was connected to the southern part of the state via a railroad that began in Grand Rapids and via the many steamers and other vessels that moored in the safe waters of Little Travers Bay. (“History of Petoskey.” Petoskey Downtown) When he was a boy, Earnest Hemingway’s parents owned a summer home near Petoskey on Walloon lake. (“Ernest Hemingway.”

2012)

In 2007 Hyett Palma,a national consulting firm specializing in the economic enhancement of Downtowns and older commercial districts, presented the city of Petoskey with a report titled the Petoskey Downtown Blueprint 2007. (Hyett Palma. Letter to The City of Petoskey and Members of the Process Committee) Hyett Palma use a four part approach to Above: The sidewalks downtown are symmetrically improving economies of downtowns across America; interupted with splashes of yellow from the marigolds community engagement, market analysis, strategic planted within sidewalk openings.

Above & Bottom: Many of the streets were boulevards downtown and offered a refuge between trafficlanes for pedestrians. Notice the benches wchich invited you to sit, also notice the bumpouts from the side which narrowed the traffic lanes a little further causing the driver to slow down and pay attention at the crosswalks action for success, and a clear definition of roles and responsibilities for implementing those actions. (“About Us.� HyettPalma)

You can navigate downtown Petoskey very easily on foot. The sidewalks and crosswalks are clearly marked. The sidewalks were well maintained and accessible for everyone except cycles. The sidewalks were symmetrical broken by a splash of yellow from the marigold beds placed at the base of every parking meter and nearly every sign. The city also has informational maps placed at nearly every point

of decision when you are walking. Reminiscent of the gaslight district years ago, the street lighting downtown is designed to look like the old gas lamps.

Although there are signs identifying the street as a bike route there are no marked bike lanes on the street. Most of the streets in the downtown are boulevards with benches where crosswalks intercept them, it helps to reinforce the feeling of a sanctuary between lanes of traffic. This also encourages the traffic to pass a little slower than it would otherwise. One interesting detail is the lack of traditional bumpouts on

Above: The lack of a crosswalk from the downtown area to the tunnel entrance made this crossing rather intimidating.

Above: The corner bulb outs were non-typical of most urban design practices. Using street level bricks allowed for the look of the traditional design nut placing them on the same level as the street allowed large trucks to drive over them if necessary.

Above: The street lighting downtown was designed to replicate the design of the old gas lamps used in the historic days of Petoskey. Notice the signs; a great example of Petoskey’s placemaking efforts.

the corners. Rather than the traditional design it is a round section of brick pavers at street level that bump out from the sidewalk. I think this allows larger trucks to navigate the downtown streets a little easier in order to make their deliveries to the businesses there.

The downtown area is connected to the shoreline and Petoskey marina via a tunnel that passes underneath the 4 lane US-31 giving pedestrians and cyclists a safe route across this busy road.

One disappointing feature was the lack of a proper crosswalk on bay Street from the downtown side to the entrance of the tunnel under US-31. The corner was hard to cross because Bay Street curves right where you would cross so you felt like a car would come cruising around that curve at any moment. This

Below: The Petoskey Victory Garden was the most unique feature of the city. It offers the residents the opportunity ti rent a small plot of land in order to grow some vegetables for themselves. The garden is located at the corner of Washington and Willis Streets.

was the only questionable spot from a pedestrian’s point of view.

My last stop before leaving the city was Petoskey Victory Garden. Of all of the West Michigan towns I have investigated and visited Petoskey was the first one that offers its residents a community garden.

Residents can rent, for a small fee, a plot of land that they can use to grow their own vegetables and offset the cost of food for their families. The Victory garden was located in a residential district on the corner of Washington and Willis Streets.

In the past Petoskey may have been merely a destination for affluent vacationers but it has become a prosperous and sustainable home for the many people who call Petoskey home.

Above & Below: The sidewalks in downtown Petoskey were very walkable with the splash of colors from the flowers and other plantings and the plenty of cover from the trees.

Below: While pedestrians were made to feel welcomed to the downtown area cyclists were required to ride within the road. This along with the lack of bike parking makes getting around Petoskey cumbersome on a bike.

Case Study #13: Cadillac, Michigan Population (2010): Percent 65 years and over Percent of residents with 4yr degree or higher Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2006-2010 Median household income 2006-2010 Density: Department of sustainability?

C

10,355 17.1% 14.1% $88,900 $31,452 1,445.4/sq.mi.

No

adillac is a small Northwest Michigan community located in Wexford county. The city was incorporated in 1877 and was established originally as a logging village. Later, Cadillac became the headquarters for the Michigan Iron Works Company, which manufactured Shay locomotives. In remembrance of that there is a restored locomotive on display at the city park near downtown. (“Cadillac History.� City of Cadillac, MI)

Similar to Traverse City and many other cities, Cadillac has instituted a Downtown Development Authority to spearhead efforts to promote economic Above: Downtown Cadillac offered plenty of bike development and halt deteriorating property values. parking taking into account all modes of transportation They do this by pooling resources from other agencies residents and visitors may use to get downtown. to plan streetscape and public service improvements,

Above: Bumpouts from the mid-block area allowed pedestrians a small oasis of safety before crossing with the protection of a light.

Above: The sidewalks in downtown Cadillac were a combination of concrete and brick pavers.

Below: Notice the brick path from the curb to the entrance of each business. A techinique that helps to draw attention to each entrance.

Above: The brick pavers on the sidewalks matched perfectly with the brick paver on the crosswalks at the corners. This made the pedestrian feel like the sidewalks were given as much importance as the street and made their presence more welcomed.

Above: The City Park, just a block from downtown, offered visitors a place to relax and employees in the downtown a place to take a break or eat lunch. This is the memorial fountain for National Park Service Ranger Kriss Eggle. encourage infill development and re-development. North and the White Pine Trail to the south which (“Downtown Development Authority (DDA).” City of goes south through Big Rapids and eventually to Grand Cadillac, MI) Rapids. (“Clam River Greenway.” Create Mi Place) This

My walk through downtown Cadillac covered pathway coupled with the walkability and bike parking the areas of Mitchell Street and the city parks along of the downtown area makes it accessible to most of Lake Cadillac. Business Route 131 is Mitchell Street in the surrounding neighborhoods. the downtown area. Because of this the road is four The City Park located at the corner of Cass lanes wide with a left turn lane in the center. There Street and Lake Street offers a playground, plenty was a lot of through traffic in the area but the city had of seating and a large performance pavilion all with deployed several techniques to help slow traffic a little the backdrop of Lake Cadillac. This park is also the and make pedestrians feel more comfortable. The use location of the restored Shay Locomotive. Throughout of bump-outs both on the corner and mid-block gave the parks and the downtown area I also found a very pedestrians an oasis of safety while waiting for the intriguing art exhibit. In several place were life size light or for traffic to clear. The crosswalks were also of a statues of turn of the century citizens performing different material than the road surface which helped everyday tasks around the city. For example there was to add definition to them and make pedestrians feel a statue of a man reading a newspaper on a bench, one more protected. of a window washer washing the windows in front of a

To make their downtown more inviting to non- shop downtown and even a statue of a man sweeping vehicular traffic there is a lot of trees and places to sit garbage from the parks. It felt kind of like a scavenger along the sidewalks. The sidewalks are a combination hunt walking around town to see how many of these of concrete and bricks. There is a brick section leading statues you could find. to each entrance of a shop. Maybe because even Although the downtown area has a lot of if you are a person who looks down at the ground through traffic the city has maintained a welcoming when you walk there is something that directs your downtown atmosphere and a level of accessibility for attention to each business. I also found an abundance all modes of transportation that any city could learn of bike parking. While on Mitchell street there were no from. I was pleasantly surprised at how vibrant the marked cycle lanes, just a block away on Lake Street downtown was. It is obvious that the efforts of the city the cities bike lanes began. These lanes pass within a and the Downtown Development Authority has a clear block of downtown and are part of the Keith McKellop vision of how they want to shape the urban form of Walkway around Lake Cadillac. This path eventually downtown Cadillac. connects to the new Clam River Greenway to the