Chinese Construction Project Bidding Technique & Cases Analyzing

5&ZeQ+' Y'oHT>Y6 Smarandache xâ„„nG%6 Z5a Linfan MAO Chinese Construction Project Bidding Technique & Cases Analyzing

Smarandache Multi-Space Model of Bidding

Xiquan Publishing House Chinese Branch 2006

}Ez_77 H !m\g\ /EHUB 1GX%4 0Q 100080/100044 maolinfan@163.com

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Linfan MAO Academy of Mathematics and Systems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080, P.R.China maolinfan@163.com Chinese Construction Project Bidding Technique & Cases Analyzing

Smarandache Multi-Space Model of Bidding

Xiquan Publishing House Chinese Branch 2006

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Peer Reviewers: Y.P.Liu,Department of Applied Mathematics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R.China.

F.Tian, Academy of Mathematics and Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R.China.

M.Wang, Guoxin Tendering Co.,LTD, Beijing 100044, P.R.China.

X.Huang, Guoxin Tendering Co.,LTD, Beijing 100044, P.R.China.

Copyright 2006 by Xiquan Publishing House and Linfan Mao Chinese Branch

Many books can be downloaded from the following Digital Library of Science: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/∼smarandache/eBooks-otherformats.htm

ISBN: 1-59973-007-3 Standard Address Number: 297-5092

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Z 3 { - } 0 S005 7= 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 §1 } F } X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Z bP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 ; 2 } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 §2 ; X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Z ; L 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 ; .OX5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 §3 b K ; 7 0} U r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Z T L b\oH Lls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 b K ; 7L r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 x b} U o L r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 §4 } X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Z } L r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 } X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 §5 SB|80 } ( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Z SB|8 LEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 SB|8 L 0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 §6 t}0 } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Z t} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 §7 }.O A 0X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Z }.O A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 } T }.OX5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 §8 n[8 m 0n[X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Z n[8 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 n[X5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Z 4 { - }` 5 7 0 = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 §1 }` ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Z ` ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 }Qb L C E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 x }` L y ℄e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

` E L=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 §2 y C ℄ - }+ o -L L 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

vi

[6b& {3t9y VC =" %v

Z } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 `} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 x } F& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

}`}r: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 ยง3 b }` L- 0b& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Z ` b& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 ` E gF` 3 u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 x }` L 5 f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 ยง4 P 2 ` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166 Z P 2 ` > #L A~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 P 2 ` L - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 x } s q L O !E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 ยง5 ; .O` 0 = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Z ; .O` L A~ = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 ; ` L - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 x ; Qb T s q L O !E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 ยง6 }.O` 0 = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Z }.O` L A~ = 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 }.O` L - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 x }Qb T s q L O !E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 ยง7 N };$ L n Lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Z g E h"0 q8 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 } L r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 x }Qb L 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

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T {~MNqDUB% (1) 8x % =~ X rE s n0 7AiBV{$^H1( (2) R8%kW1y1( (3) q E L E gh~[;-_> {UB)N{%sUB1( (4) %sUB1t !8x1!p36 Np/1( (5) ^N ^>>CN{%sUB1 E <2s8x1qDUB Ã&#x2020;*TE 7ZN gQ (8i <2 s8x1qDUB Ã&#x2020;*T | |F m( Vld LQ E Ki ~[E Ki O 0~[ ,8 1HUrx 1 z2s8x1qDUB Ã&#x2020;*T8xx Q )8xx Q sx &8 1 4Nd$KQ }`} Z/e QC i $ t } 3 = `Lh =i H } hF } L 9^ T o 4& } L H A T - iL w\

F& 4 d ` } b H F Lh\ 4& =i â&#x201E;&#x201E; m! }g E } L H L Y * T Lh =i } H? N C i = % }E[- }ET ,- }E2s-R}EV+!UB} [ 3 C i Lb }g E m!` T LkP 4& } 0`}L iL 9^ T o b g E- }`}H 30 d ` Z/ Q)z N ?Z C i PB } 2 `}L i =F \ 0 J ST o% (1) } L2 [i W; ( (2) }g ELT o C 8 8 H( (3) }g EL6-W^ i ( (4) 0H } 2 ; LW^ i 3 v( (5) } 2 ; W H L; (6) `} L QQ M L PB }`} Z/ 7QC i } 0 (``} ? 5 b g E- }`}H 30 d ` n ; F 5 LT o)z N ?Z C i Ã&#x2020; TZ/ 7QC i % VI +x1 UBVÃ&#x2020;*A +x /}?n +x1a/ B R

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i^(VI ^x1 UBVÆ*AUB /}?nSiBV rE1a/ B Ri^ UBVN/ ?n1 a/~[~` ?n1 a/S7AiBV~[ iBVMN xa 30 d `Z / QC i % xaÆ rxa7AiBV~[iBV {~U)3a/% (1) h L&E&Ug1K"( (2) h LNUg1 ( + t % R ( K s3R)H { s 7 ( Tm H(R3Æ1 tV0( (3) ` Æ 4G>et iB 4I< Uf4?7 HD #f N( (4) A*Oe ` I}BRf 8 ! z{0 [( (5) ^N Nd^>>C1)H a/ xa UBVN/~NU 1a/1y 7AiBV~[iBV N/S7AiBV~[iBV N* %& XT' R VN/~Nd P~[ )HNU i 1yiBV1*0 }`} Z/ YQ } LT o? N C i. ~ Wi : Æ I "i : r LLA( ^ T o': b g E- }`}H 30 d ` Z / Qn?Z Æ9^ T o? N C i % UBV g UB8x1X<RUr=yUB / UB /u"+ )3 ^% (1) iBqD"( (2) iBVWh( (3) Ug ra ( (4) iB / ( (5) V z0B'UB1 Æ*Z$ z0B'( (6) %a ( (7) s nu( (8) BB Ri^( (9) iB S2 UBVÆ*AUB /}>C {QrERa/ H Px1i Bn 0L6Q PBiQ I= ``}Qb T U# x : LT o [ 3 30 d

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`Z /e Q } TL S q Q ? N C i %

s \ UB />C1 8 %B Ã&#x2020;~UE :yQB UB /}>C1 8 %B oN/rE~BntuXC1 " lB o v s -f8~zf$Ã&#x2020;[ N/J A:~[ 7AiBV1)H ^ _ G:W tuzf$Ã&#x2020;[1 %B T P~B 81n UB8x1 %B IÃ&#x2020;*AXX^j m ~3* 1 p }`} Z / QC i %UBVN/:HVlF|}IUB /17Ai BV1ov *0~ { 7% Za1 4UBiB1)HC ZQ`y) L C T ?Z L , f FEÃ&#x2020; : ` 6 b } 6 T7 L a bq` ` } 3 `} `[Z} % 0 SB|8 3 â&#x201E;&#x201E; 4 'jL -7 2 [F F `" W `} 3 `[Z} N~ " W â&#x201E;&#x201E;`} % QQ p $ y ZQC i ` b g E }`}H 30 d ` Z x / Q T W , f % UBVN/'L~[uE(jXTu iBVMN.hKt 4&` hK - } TL b)o Q 0 X T - iL D nA L b g E 51 }`}H 27 d ` TLZ ,QC i % s z2s8x UBiBzF w^ UBV G z2s8xUBVS8x N#}+UB + A#}+f 1 -E >C>pB 1Ã&#x2020;* z2s8xUBVw^(jUB z2s8xUBVS8x N#}+UB ~B-!M + A#}+f 1 -E >C>pB 1 Ã&#x2020;* #}+}BVR z2s8xUBV 'gw^(jUB ,i* V1z-RGX}& Ug8C z2s8xUBV~[#}+}BV{ uw^I/ {1UB# *} 'UB# t UB# t Nd q,! UB# t Ã&#x2020;* U BVg (UBV UB# *RiBV= 8C1 )8C ZwSqC _ X L 51$& K h51$& : K / }L 51$& â&#x201E;&#x201E;e b g E 51 }`}H 27 d `) Z x / ZQC i h = _ I % ? sN\I S ^SP C) %> 1 UBV{~V /APUB zZ

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A9uAP UBV{~ +rE7AiBVZ8 %2 5'gn 1 %> {0R)IXQ UBV{~!iBVa)2 1 ^MN lRVR xu hu1 %> ^=yUB / A9YAP UBVÃ&#x2020;*:9uAPZ81 %2 1iBVZ$+Jhu %> 1 UB / iBV g UB /1rEZ8+ ! A 1*^ iB / }`} `} 3 v L C i % } `F `}( ? & 20 k } d; k z 3 v ``}( ?3 v' 15 ky_ & p b \ } T - iL 82 d ` p b \ } `}:-H Ã&#x2020;T?Z C i % MiZM p b & 45 k( MhJ p b & 30 k(? l^ \ } L & 20 k 30 d ` b g E- }`}H i 2 d ` b g E v8 \ }`}H t ; i } L z 3 v)z N ?Z C i %

& 5 )k 6 b } 6 Qb T h y CQ C i7 L a P "V r : Ls q N F T - iL }`} `} = 9 Q â&#x201E;&#x201E; `} FÃ&#x2020;`} )z N C i Ã&#x2020; TZ / ,Q `} L n A ? N 2 i = z% iBV 7Ã&#x2020;UB X iBZa1^V~[)H(j w^UB1zg8x;X VX iB1 iB1 V 5^ 4iBV1 >C b g E- }`}H 30 d ` ` 9 n `} L A ? N?Z C i hN & # }`} t L An Ã&#x2020; Z x / , QC i % iBV 7Ã&#x2020;UB X iBZa1^V~[)H(j UBV1XTNhL &^V 1 $ * (' ) ~[ UB8x16' 3~[$ /Z$s ` 1XT^V )XT $ * (' ) J X UB8x1iB b g E 51 }`}H 27 d` 'j51Fh51$& i

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iBVi&3 8CL ~d5iB-!( (2) iBVi&3 8C AUB8x}uE~ } 5!

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B + Ï&#x2030;1 (J J0 ) + Ï&#x2030;2 (Q Q0 ) + Ï&#x2030;3 (X X0 ) + Ï&#x2030;4 (Y Y0 )

L+ r U i `} i & L Z [- 0 LY z Ï&#x2030; i Ï&#x2030;i, 1 â&#x2030;¤ i â&#x2030;¤ 4 h I Z Y z 2 7 Z Y z

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i

i

Ï&#x2030;(

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â&#x201E;&#x201E;e R L) ; qJ 1 Z Y z R 3 ` 7 > 1 L Z [= 0 n X i=1

;J

pi = 1, pi â&#x2030;¥ 0, 1 â&#x2030;¤ i â&#x2030;¤ n

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28

Ď&#x2030;(

7q

X

)=

n X

pi Ď&#x2030;(Ai ).

i=1

Ď&#x2030;(T ) = 0.60Ď&#x2030;(B) + 0.20Ď&#x2030;(J) + 0.10Ď&#x2030;(Q) + 0.05Ď&#x2030;(X) + 0.05Ď&#x2030;(Y )

^ I b }Qb T D L Z [ Z LY z 2 7 Z Y z R z - T ` +KL7 Z Y z 7 q f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x31 + x21 x2 + x21 x3 + x22 x3 + x22 x1 + x23 x2 + x23 x1 + x1 x2 x3

i g(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 ) = x1 x2 x3 + x4 x25

tI x /z Y z â&#x201E;&#x201E;e â&#x201E;&#x201E; = =TL Taylor wt ?

F (y) = F (x) +

n X

â&#x2C6;&#x201A;F (x)(yi â&#x2C6;&#x2019; xi ) + ¡ ¡ ¡ i=1 â&#x2C6;&#x201A;xi

n 1 X â&#x2C6;&#x201A;k F (x)(yi1 â&#x2C6;&#x2019; xi1 ) ¡ ¡ ¡ (yik â&#x2C6;&#x2019; xik ) + k! i1 ,¡¡¡,ik =1 â&#x2C6;&#x201A;xi1 ¡ ¡ ¡ â&#x2C6;&#x201A;xik

+ θ(x, y),

0 G â&#x160;&#x201A; Rn I tD F : G â&#x2020;&#x2019; [â&#x2C6;&#x2019;â&#x2C6;&#x17E;, +â&#x2C6;&#x17E;] B ) LZ k + 1 % = x, y â&#x2C6;&#x2C6; G 4 θ(x, y) = 0, |yâ&#x2C6;&#x2019;x|â&#x2020;&#x2019;0 |y â&#x2C6;&#x2019; x|k lim

/Z W Z LY z 7 Z LY zL Z D 6 b } 3 # T h Zw{ 7L7 Z Y z 7 q q

Ď&#x2030;(T ) = 0.60Ď&#x2030; 2 (B) + 0.4 Ď&#x2030; 2 (J) + Ď&#x2030; 2 (Q) + Ď&#x2030; 2 (X) + Ď&#x2030; 2 (Y ).

, JEL .O . Z LY z W$ Ă&#x2020; 6 b B0 } ^

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W%mF b_ A I W%mF b_ A k I wN T - iLn[ Z/ Q =E h' ) n[ LA( ^ k : n[

T - iL " : - _ 4&`OL g l KYn[ A( ^ L} L A 1990 â&#x201E;&#x201E; 2 Q 6 k FL3LH T Lz Y * 1990 â&#x201E;&#x201E; 3 Q 20 k C i `KY+ oT l A( n[ ^ - } ( ^ i sqJ% â&#x201E;&#x201E;eLh 4 b - } L y Ci V i : 4& b } LiL C{i b C ( Cb b& Ã&#x2020; } TLT o ?Q Li zC (L =C L b - } ^ } A( ^W n b - } r LTL { W%mF b_ An~u 1 C ( %- } A( ^ I â&#x201E;&#x201E;e b i - } L y " Ci 4:-H " , LiL I Z[ C ( LA( ^ ; [ ^ ? 6 b Ã&#x2020; }PNL L s N L Ã&#x2020; L H G 2 ~ %- } A( ^= â&#x201E;&#x201E;e T - iL y " Cr L KQr~ F $_ l.F w h & ~ Ã&#x2020; O n y C (L PB h ; }+ o g a L y u > u W N =E L n Lu 3 yX %A( ^â&#x201E;&#x201E;e T - iLn[ }`} F s =C{r L ` T o W nN y CC iL } T oF }))b& _ W } L P $ WO n T - iL y C 4 { L } L => Z )- } F EL y CF i) g E- }g L { ( => gHg E- }g L d q } ( n[ w Q }} Q } A( ^ T h1 iL J k Q zS( nh 2 f L ? zS } `r~gH } 3 â&#x201E;&#x201E;eg E ^ i } L PB? N~ r = ?UgHg EL ig E ,` W b: - - }: -L C i I r L a } Lâ&#x201E;&#x201E; PN & §3

30

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i QK PB; 3 } = F`}C i; 4 `} L PBF 5 -?; 5 0H ; L3 v W^; 6 ; L` o; 7 ; i\ ( ?3 v W^ C ; 8 } } /- ;$ 2 [ W^ C b Q 2 } `}L i y 1 b l W^ 8 H; 2 } (

QK PB; 3 } = F`}C i; 4 `} L PBF 5 -?; 5 0H } L3 v W^; 6 } L` o; 7 `}( ?3 v `} L\ W^ C Q; 8 t} 3 v t} W^; 9 } } /- ;$ 2 [ W^ C b Q \T bn F)K 1 ; ! * 1 n; 2 L S n Q nH L PB; 3 ; L r L ? D} PB; 4 ; i\ ( ?3 v W^ C ; 5 ; L } b&iH ; 6 U i `} L H ; 7 ; .O L Y * 0Ug 2 g El 1 g E H l ;

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2 } ( ; 3 bS q PB Q 3 ; i F f ?

1 ; i ?; 2 ; if ; 3 V l ; 4 V 7 QQ M &i Q / &; 5 /O # > &i 2 &0 Q; 6 "3 ~ ; 7 ) g E VAF QK&0 Q; 8 Yl g E _F\4 &0 Q; 9 g E i P FVAF\4 &0 Q; 10 Y `s Li P - ; X ; 11 Y= K L > ; 12 nH{x i N mF bn F)K 1 `}L i; 2 `} ! * 1 `} !*' f Ã&#x2020; `} ! * i PQ F }Qb T Zw â&#x201E;&#x201E; P ; 5 s T hu5G q b 2 [ W^ C 8 8 H K -? } ( QKQ M PB `} QQ MPB b\o -? `} u

`}(?Ft} 3 v W^ `} 5 N z }} i - QT o h{ EL 3D 5 s T 2 `} ! * A n b 0 8 H } (

QK PB n `} L Q nH `} SB1v `} ; Q B } } K L {* T o } L k d; C `} `} L 3DPB `} L _ `} L ? PB `}Po ` } 5 N J /- 5 `} L r~ L ) }k PBi`} =z % m PB

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32

Q

`} L\ \ LW^ ( ?3 v C m E `} iv8 O nPB L `} L - `} L k riV" ; QL Q E t} t} L3 v W^ 'j FhFt}b& Q F } } F& L _ } w h L > #-? `} LO n W 5 `} \ $ 5 L `} L d; `} L b }} i - An iN %QE g G n[ _ - C i z _ - L } } n`} L L > T }Y *iL X 5 5 n[{x iL % k t N 5 N QE g 3 n[Q 1 3Q h$ S L Y n[Q i w n[Q ) n [ 3Q 2Ã&#x2020; nZ 5 "~z n[ 3Q

2 S q Q A Lh V i : b } C ( iCb; B V i : i W- b /O # > 0- L : - C i; C fCF\4S q Q; D b L S q PB C iQ 4 n[ ?

A n[{x i ?; B b QK N i ?; C hK t NNY2 5 N ?; D ; b NY ?; E K (b5 NNY2 5 N ?; 5 `} &0 & y V V 7 QQ M &i Q &i /O # > &i i/ A &0 2 i/ _ L q i g E K - F\4 L 3 [ 3 V &i &0 QQ 6 `} ?

A `}Y ? K `}YF f i/ &0 2Ã&#x2020; _ L q i ? ` } 5 N ; b NY t NNY ?Q B 3 ? K `}Po 0 ' = = g bg E "- g E Ã&#x2020;.g E i [ g E= gPo i P Q Po i P XPo `} Tn QQ C S q ? - 0 \2 - - 5K L 9^ T o g E : - ;$ D

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s X> Y= K> 0Q

}} i - _EC i z% }} i } - } F& } ; ร T K `} Po S q } g E : - ;$iร . T o L = } } i - Q 7

s W%|mF b_ A T - iL - } A( ^ }eVl'REZN 0 u }eVl'REUdQ }eVl'RE2sQ }eVl'REb.Q } eVl'RE8fQ }eVl'REH ftQ }eVl'RE-"Q }E l M # E =J> > # , 2006 6 9 2 0 ' p 0 P" 9 - b - } ( ^ }eVl'RE2s Q 2002 11 9 21 [Z N 3 l bL T } ( ^ }eVl'RE8fQ 2003 3 9 31 [ 4 y b - } ( ^ }eVl'RE8fQ 1996 12 9 5 4 b- n[i } ( ^ }eVl'RE-"Q E >( %4R}eVl'RE lNd7 2000 2 9 23 [Z N 6 S l b - } ( ^ }eVl'REb.Q 7 C 2 1 g E } ( ^ NCB 8 ร . q )A L- ) } ( ^F W- A L- } ( ^ q% TH P b - hK } A( ^ 2000 โ 4 Q Q 1

ยง4

%YW%mFY>

b g E- } = } X } 0 i } i }x % Z $ J s }b& โ e 6 b$ L } -? [ > w e hn E ร / eT 2H p : \ LT oS W }

[6b& {3t9y VC =" %v

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f 1.5 } 0 `h d b T y_ L )F y C s q LE g _ ^ i Z x{ - } 0 S0F5 7= 6

§5

mF[|W0}

I mF[|0} I [|n Jq 1 T - iLn[ Z 7{ Z Z; / QC i % " : - iÆ. 4 "i : ` Æ L3 L ( T ℄ y " CLCi 4 n[ UT - iL 4 u & 4 u L

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d kr v - ($_ * ! L â&#x201E;&#x201E; U E ke 2 T - iL }`} Z Z{ Z QC i % }`}+ o FÃ&#x2020; =E = " b â&#x201E;&#x201E; 6-L r v 4 " r v â&#x201E;&#x201E; }`}+ o6- r v â&#x201E;&#x201E; 5 }`}+ oTL }`}+ oL " r v F 4 L gH 3 L = L3LC i

4 ` mF FGz7t[|nzf % 4&L3L 4 6- }`}+ o " r vL3 k = L q LH [2000]34 d 2000 â&#x201E;&#x201E; 5 Q 3 k T V i : }`} L r v3 k?

N E H= i : r vL b ) T ofK`^{ Z 2 * T )Q_E4

N [| ^ - }?sg E ,` Wi : L m T 2 P B " b Ã&#x2020; i : L r v mF?40} b - }X5 +H h = _hJ % % 1 H -P B si } F`} 27 X5( 2 } FÃ&#x2020; ( k X5( 3 }F T }.OX 5( 4 - hKn[X5 b g E- }`}H 30 d ` Ze/ ,QC i w^:WMN UB18x UBVÃ&#x2020;* Z }Bfh"i[, [ : 4Nd$KQ Z8UBiBC 1"j- 6 Gv"j- vn+ )3 ^% 1 UBf ( 2 UBi RZOUB% 1aH( 3 UB /}iBWh %a BB Ri^ Ug ra 4 ^; 4 B 0u1(xR B- ( 5 }BDG =TL 1 2 I g^ I } 3 I } 4 I } F&y_ L }P 5 n IT }Y *i [ 3 i Q T C i ` z T }Y *i y 15 k T k " r v C s P K :6 b } T s q & Ã&#x2020;:H L- } ( ,$ L " r vL ' [ ~ X5 -? T& , [ 6

36

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b }3 % 2 s qÆ V i : ig E ,` Wi : - }r v FX 5 Q 3 v -?L C i hu a W y_g EL- } =h 0 ' p i P" 9 - b - } L X5: - h T - i L L:-H iTH P b }`}: - H QL gH' ? a 7 0 h + h'| 0 ' p 0 P" 9 - b }`}: - H T - iL 89 d ` Æ:H ( TL0 ' p 0 P" 9 - b - }X5C i qJ% s\N %LQ E Ki ~[E Ki O 0~[ ,8 w ^:WMN UB1 z8x Æ*M` M2Æ hMNUBiBzF d 47 4{~A M2Æ h }' 4 \ Hw^ $K Z/ YQC i ℄ m!? - } L bg E } ` z L [ 3 Æ } P b,` W UMh W- -"V "i : X5 Z / Q T ?Z C i } L d;2 k = ``}( ?3 v' 15 kP } L X5 W X5 i : - H Z / ,Q } T }.OCzhJX5PB% w^:WMN UB1 z8x UBVÆ* PC}BVi[, 15 [ : zGA81/Æ~m8iVld 2sNd 7Q Z8 UBiBC 1 "j- "j- Æ*+ )3 ^% 1 UBiB1 5C + UBf UBi xa s DHzRPC}BV1i 4 2 341 / 2 + UB% ~[iBqD" iB-oD +x

/ UB / B 0u1 B- s B71 Æ* B7 }BV1i B / u zUB# 1 lÆ* z UB# uUg 6 9Y8}|T X5'^1>C' 13 1 / 2 N Z8 1 iQCi 3 PC L X5 Q6 b ^ I }P i T }Y *iI g T o i : - H Z / Q - hKn[ L X5C i qJ%E&"jUg^ 7 [ }BVÆ*4Ug9/Æ~m zGA812sNd 7Q 3 ℄eT - iL L s C i W - }r v iX5: -LT o +H \[ : `X5 L gH)) - `Z iL :| ShTH PL ' 7 0 THP b }`}:- H Q b- }L rv FX5: -' F

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Ly &qJ% 1 ? } } -? i } T oX5( 2 ; X5( 3 ; .OX5( 4 } } ( 2 } k X5( 5 }P F T }Y *i X5( 6 n[X5 hwz 6 b WL X5' . b g E- }`}H 30 d ` i 0 ' p 0 P" 9 - b }`}: - H 89 d ` T L X5C i PE [ 3 X5 3 vâ&#x201E;&#x201E;e } L ?b ? L J' L a I u& }r:;$â&#x201E;&#x201E;e }?b? r v : - Tu& } â&#x201E;&#x201E;e [ L }% X5 [ L Q h 'E yX5i_ & * & > 1 >

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m!N~ F = b Fร \42 ) - hJ? O 5 7= 6 2.1 t *** '%D z UB% R +x /}1 z R

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40

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j 1- b w VhKxMFh QL- V

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2

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an 'aK\d 25.2 a (VD gJbO ~ x 7 K S > [ J Y 8 K gJbO ~S s RK a J J R ZTf ( an 'aK \d a ( 0M h2 uX ) gJb G: gJb V &i[ J [ J -N(t 25.3 gJbOy [e B' h}gJb }h^ % K a J a ( ,[ J

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72

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b 1: X P S[ P KSn$ 27 Jb P W 27.1 5 Jb P W K ~, < M h Jb P W K Y ( ℄m Ze e 2 Y J Jb P WK}Z B yJ 6n PJPL B 2uhV℄ 27.2 Jb0Y M hKS nB P W jgJbB = } m %/ PJ j Jb_+ P W D 4& 24 q 2 g h( Æ > X ) gJb gJb k b/ Jb Z:℄ 27.3 Jb K P W gJb k b&i: ℄ x gJbr M9 Jb 'a [ M9: }gJb } "l*% gJb jpH Jb X ) gJb: ℄ gJb j P W K M9 l* % Jb j 27.4 Jb K P W/Y N2 Jbg 4 3jd Jb g 4 jd K fGSn ~, dIR= _v P SMh (1) P W 6 n/Y N Jbg 4 + n9' (2) P W K}Z B PJP L/Y N gJb bm! V M9 JbVy, AV \ #%' (3) Jb K P B /Y N J JbZp gJb . e V

Jbg4[ : ' (4) D 4 V℄ /Y N Jb jV E Y <hV℄ $ (5) yJ %Y M hKyJ2 Jb %Y M hyJ2 Jb j y <Vy, AV ' (6) D 4 2 ud%Y M h2 u Jbg 4 } "K M9 : 'D 4 2 ul%Y MhK 2u JbpH h^KgJb%* h^ A4K [ A 27.5 Jb K P W : & gJb jyF1 T F m K I: yF 1TF: Jbg4 27.6 Jb P W K - , ~, _ v P S M h 28.l hK $& Q X L N i % s3 B-!S2 s nu}nP1WTs RZ+VPY1S2 oÆ }+V V+'6 14 [fhZ+V $ z~Y{ Y!^i{V+ HT$ z~m U ^i{ z {IN D> }+VV+1G S2 s3o Æ -E >f U B ~m Z.NU S2 s3 z} }+V a/e ?t g Æ}&Z+V W ,1T C

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b 1: X P S[ P KSn$ 29 a [w 29.1 , S Jb a [> w B& 14 Kg h( Ã&#x2020; > jgJb yw X) w OP [| 1u K B72 Jb OB 9 , h - 3 \ 4u [6 B w K[ eB h / gJb0 a ( yK w X ) E 3OA > IR OKw $ (1) j a 3 <K | z 8Y I hn ' (2) q|mZ S M hK a J ' (3) j w 3 a K, 2 uh %' (4) - 3 aw O Ke i ( }w BGmZn Kq|Eh^KgJb%* Jbg4 A4K [ A 29.2 , S gJb I a [> w }gJb w [ "K: h BG Jb K4 !% * gJbg 4 A4 K , A 28.1

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gJb_ , S By K m , w E D [e B 1 , / [ K j E P W K J a ( Zp JZp j 1 2 gJbg 4 "K: pH JbK 3%* A4K , A a(Zp# gJbm, w + "K: h/ IKV t JbgJb â&#x201E;&#x201E; M h <4 1 < d 30 -w mZs S JbOAw aPJ| E " -5P w ~,z /k 31 T h w n 31.1 gJb_ aw T h x 14 K S Byw an K O ~ J a ( Tfx e m Zn w mZn 0IR, > $ (1) mZ S e K %w a K n 0mZe K n w mZn ' (2) mZ S ( Ã&#x2020;%w a K n g& ( Ã&#x2020;n w mZn ' (3) mZ S K 1 ( Ã&#x2020;%w a K n gJbBy K<K w n J a ( T fx6 31.2 gJb_ ~, T h w x 14 K S j a ( Byw an O ~2 R h fw EmZn Kw 31.3 a ( _ VD w an O ~- j 14 K S ,gTf a ( ( <, T f2 w an O~ %-j 14 KxR w an O~eZTf 31.4 a ( ZpgJbBy K w n 0â&#x201E;&#x201E;X P Y 37 P3% w K M h , 31.5 a ( Tfqi K aw n ( imZn / a Z 'a 31.6 }gJb } BGK aw gJb(KOA imZn

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10 1000

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b 1: X P S[ P KSn$ 39 y = 39.1 y = J }y n~ S8 0G 1 - 6 JbgJbjdh^ K R u -Y gEv P MhKE . / t P XYT 39.2 y =D " x gJb 9 JX ) a ( _ = + V E K P I8 #G ! , E = | % * Jb z m gJb#G !, a ( f < aV , K gJb a V, y=D -wx 48 q2SgJbj a(XOaT= h%*= E:[:, h ^K: y=D j( " gJb 7 Kj a(O~Y aT= y=-wx 14 KS gJbj a(B :,h ^: K >O~E 3 P 39.3 } y =D BGK: EA4 K ~, 0I R, < g 4 $ (1) a℄ K %T } a%T BGY wbbE h!=% * gEV E, A V % , K P h 2 . |K W K %T Jbg 4 ' (2) JbgJbbE +_ 6 j g 4 [ : ' (3) gJb: W% EV % * gJbg 4 ' (4) V u gJb a ( OA a _ , A VK lO K 9 , bEEM bE K: Jbg 4 ' (5) a+ : , ^: Jbg 4 ' (6) A4 K [ A 39.4 }mZY , lA s mZx " y =K V& {lA s ,K [ jd 40 NQ 40 6 ^ b - N i `N T oqJ% 1 K `N T o%LQ z 9eVVvkI Uf K qhK H -L NQ E g% .

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97

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122

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3

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Abstract. There is a bidding law and regulation system in China. For getting or issue a contract, a contractor or an employer should understand all these laws and regulations first and then know how they work. This book contains the main materials of this kind for a construction contract, and contains four chapters. Chapter 1 is a survey of bidding for a construction contact. The laws and regulations for bidding in China are interpreted in this chapter. A Smarandache multi-space model for bidding is constructed which is applied in Chapter 2. Chapters 2 and 3 are the main body of this book. In Chapter 2 we show how to compile a qualification document, a bidding document or a report of bid evaluation committee. Chapter 3 is an introduction to a complete programming of bidding in China.

The last chapter is about the increasingly complaints for bids. The cause and handling method are explained and cases are analyzed. Some exercises are presented in the final part of this book. For convenience, the Chinese bidding law and 7 useful regulations for construction contacts are included in the appendix.