A NEW SEQUENCE RELATED SMARANDACHE SEQUENCES AND ITS MEAN VALUE FORMULA

Page 1

A NEW SEQUENCE RELATED SMARANDACHE SEQUENCES AND ITS MEAN VALUE FORMULA*

ZHANG VVENPENG

Research Center for Basic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.China Let n be any positive integer, a(n) denotes the product of all non-zero digits in base 10. For natural ;c ~ 2 and arbitrary fixed exponent m E lV, let Am(;c) = amen). The main purpose of this paper is to give two exact calculating n<= formulas for Al(:C) and A2(:C)'

ABSTRACT.

L

l. INTRODUCTION

For any positive integer n, let b( n) denotes the product of base 10 digits of n. For example, b(l) = 1, b(2)=2,··., b(10) = 0, bell) = 1, ..... In problem 22 of book [1], Professor F .Smaradache ask us to study the properties of sequence {ben)}. About this problem, it appears that no one had studied it yet, at least, we have not seen such a paper before. The problem is interesting because it can help us to find some new distribution properties of the base 10 digits. In this paper, we consider another sequence {a( n)}, which related to Smarandache sequences. Let a( 11,) denotes the product of all non-zero digits in base 10 of n. For example, a(l) = 1, a(2) = 2, a(12) = 2, "', a(28) = 16, a(1023) = 6,······. For natural number x 2: 2 and arbitrary fixed e)...-ponent mEN, let

Am(x) =

L amen).

(1)

n<x

The main purpose of this paper is to study the calculating problem of Am(x), and use elementary methods to deduce two exact calculating formulas for Al ( x) and A2(X). That is, we shall prove the following:

Theorem.

For any positive integer x, let x = a 1 10 k1 + a210k2 + ... + as 10 k , with kl > k2 > ... > ks 2: 0 and 1 :5 ai :5 9, i = 2,3,··· ,s. Then we have the calculating formulas

A ( ) = al a2 ···a s 1 T

2

~ aT

-ai

,=1

II

~

+2 (45+ [_1_]) ki

3

aj

+1

.46k;-I. '

.

i=i

*

Key words and phrases. F.Smarandache sequence; The base 10 digits; Calculating formula. This work is support.ed by the N.S.F. and the P.S.F. of P.R. China.

179


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.