A NEW SEQUENCE RELATED SMARANDACHE SEQUENCES AND ITS MEAN VALUE FORMULA*
ZHANG VVENPENG
Research Center for Basic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R.China Let n be any positive integer, a(n) denotes the product of all non-zero digits in base 10. For natural ;c ~ 2 and arbitrary fixed exponent m E lV, let Am(;c) = amen). The main purpose of this paper is to give two exact calculating n<= formulas for Al(:C) and A2(:C)'
ABSTRACT.
L
l. INTRODUCTION
For any positive integer n, let b( n) denotes the product of base 10 digits of n. For example, b(l) = 1, b(2)=2,··., b(10) = 0, bell) = 1, ..... In problem 22 of book [1], Professor F .Smaradache ask us to study the properties of sequence {ben)}. About this problem, it appears that no one had studied it yet, at least, we have not seen such a paper before. The problem is interesting because it can help us to find some new distribution properties of the base 10 digits. In this paper, we consider another sequence {a( n)}, which related to Smarandache sequences. Let a( 11,) denotes the product of all non-zero digits in base 10 of n. For example, a(l) = 1, a(2) = 2, a(12) = 2, "', a(28) = 16, a(1023) = 6,······. For natural number x 2: 2 and arbitrary fixed e)...-ponent mEN, let
Am(x) =
L amen).
(1)
n<x
The main purpose of this paper is to study the calculating problem of Am(x), and use elementary methods to deduce two exact calculating formulas for Al ( x) and A2(X). That is, we shall prove the following:
Theorem.
For any positive integer x, let x = a 1 10 k1 + a210k2 + ... + as 10 k , with kl > k2 > ... > ks 2: 0 and 1 :5 ai :5 9, i = 2,3,··· ,s. Then we have the calculating formulas
A ( ) = al a2 ···a s 1 T
2
~ aT
-ai
,=1
II
~
+2 (45+ [_1_]) ki
3
aj
+1
.46k;-I. '
.
i=i
*
Key words and phrases. F.Smarandache sequence; The base 10 digits; Calculating formula. This work is support.ed by the N.S.F. and the P.S.F. of P.R. China.
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