1989 07 The Computer Paper - BC Edition by The Computer Paper

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The Computer paper I July '$ 9

•

The Computer Paper B.C.Edition • July1ty89

Under The Hood ...... • . • ...•....•......20 • There is no such thing as a zero wait state 586 Roedy Reveals All by Z Green

oetic

The Electronic Cottage ..............26 Ten top computer based businesses you can do &om your home by I.is Ekming

NEWSBYTES on The Electronic Cottage ................28

The Home Office From Hell .. • ....29 • Find out how to avoid the pitMs of home working byCathalynn LabontoSmith

On-line Investing ........................32 A growing range of information about stocks can be obtained electronically. by Hari Singh Kkalsa

Buying a Used Computer .... • •.....34 Things to watch out for if you choose to buy a used computer. by Alan Earie

The Platform of the 1990's? ......36 UNIX is the greatest, George tells us why.

byGemsPajari

MACINTOSH SOFTWARE MacWrite II .................................38 An old standby gets a re-write and looks good. by Cameron Smith

D Atabase ....................................39 A Desk Accessories that ofFers an impressive flat file database byCameron Smith

Canadian Payroll Software ........40 Three new programs have emerged since our last survey.

by JoanHomal

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS ..•.......42 Networking Novell 586

by MikeWolfe

HIGH TECH STOCKS ........•.... • ••...44 5D Graphics, Fax Machines. by John Kaiser

COMPUTER BASED RELIGION....46 What do you mean a Computer Based Religion? by St.Simeon

Random Thoughts I read a book this month. It was the first one in a long time. It made me think about things I have taken for granted. The book is called Chaos and it is by James Gleick (available at Siliconnections).. The book talks abouta "paradigm shift." '4' P4+M So what was this book about? Many scientists believe that the world is understandable, that the universe is built on patterns. If we can understand the patterns, we can understand and therefore predict the world. You see this approach everywhere. Weathermen try and tell us that it will be along hot summer. Economists predict that the economy is going into anose dive. Even computer publications tell us what computer systems will be popular in eighteen monthsi If they are wrong in their predictions, it is simply because something in their model needs fine tuning. The basic concept of science is: find the underlying structures, and you have predictability. Now what if, instead of predictability, you have an underlying model of chaos? What if the world was designed to be random? There is a purposefulness to the disorder. We have had glimpses of this before. An example is the random mutation of species to keep them from getting wiped out strain of disease, or predator. This unpredictability keeps the species vibrant and growing despite adversity. Gleick's thesis in his book is that this realization has been occurring in virtually every branch of science today. In the words of Douglas Hofstadter in the book,"It turns out that an eerietype of chaos can lurkjustbehind a facade of order-and yet,deep inside the chaos lurks an even eerier type of order." Some foodforthought.

byaparticular

E-Mail This month I got a letter asking what was E-Mail and the Mindlink BBS. E Mail, simply put, is sending letters from computer to computer over the phone lines and on office networks. With the phone type F Mail, you need your own computer or terminal, telecommunications software and a modem to be able to communicate.

Mmdlink BBS is a Bulletin Board System. That means that someone has set up a computerand one or more phone lines to actasa storage house of information for others who call in. Many BBS's are run for &ee because of the interest of the owner in communicating on a variety of subjects. Mindlink (55M512 or 278-5545in Richmond) isone ofVancouver's larger services with 9 phone lines and 550 megabytes of data storage. It offers a wide selection of public domain software for downloading, a variety of areas of conversation ranging &om specific types of computers to politics .and computer games The Computer Paper maintains an account with Mindlink This allowsour readers, customers and writers to send us letters, fr'ee dassifieds, ads and articles whenever they like. It also saves us &om dedicating one of our computers full-time to the task of receiving this information. We then check our file area once every week or so to pick up things that have come in. This service is extremely useful and is an effective communication aid for us. It gives us some very direct feedback &om our readers. It also saves everyonIe on couriers and diskettes. Mindlink can offer this type of service to other businesses as well (call Dave Allen at 757-7950). Mindlink has recently changed theway their system works. Now anyone can sign on for free and trymost of the functions, induding leaving E-Mail messages, without becoming a member. Enjoy the issue.

THE SHAREWARE SHELF: ...........50 Zoomracks a shareware database. by Gmrlon Sr'mmonds

•

The Masthead .......................................;...................................4

Kir tan Singh Khalsa Publisher/Editor

Le tters To The Editor................................................................4

M Qfh hatu~s Iuew..................... •

- 5 N ewsbytes ................................................................................7 •

Apple World ...........................................................................;....................7

A Commodore ..............................................................................................11

Ellitarial SChelule Cerning ISSUE

DISTlL DATE

AUG

July tS

Networks Gompuaers in Law Optical Character Recognition

Aug 50

CD ROM Education k Training

D General ......................................................................................................11 IBM World .................................................................................................15 Telecommunications ............................... • ................................................14 T Unix ...........................................................................................................17

Co mptiter Calendar ............................................,..................47 F ree Classlf leds • ................ . . . . . ...... . . 50 Booltseller's Bestsellers Ust...................................................51 •

I Ilde x

OCI'

Sept t9

TOPICS

COPY DEADLINE

CAMERA READY ARTW O R K

M hRKI'7

July 18

July tl

L9WO t SCeS

UNIX Sept 19 Computers and Sales lapiops Personal Information Managers

Aug RR

Gene r al

Sept tt

Rea l Enaie Direct Sales

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Phono: ts04 73s-55$s i:AX ($04) 7s2Mso

The Cerupuser papery July 'titt

AcademyAwardsof Software

printing labels for a varietyof purposes. The program features an automated installation program which through a series of simple questions guides the user through the program. Labels are automaticaHydrawn on screen afterdimensions are entered, ready for text entry. Automatic style tracking "learns" your label style from first one created; additional labels can be created quickly at anytimewifhoutr~ntering parameters such as size, type style, underlining, centering, etc. Each label line can be individuaHy progrunmed for type style (nomtaI, emphasized or compressed), auto centering and underlining. Automatic pricing (with round-up) calcuhttes list price on label from cost Sc mark-up data

May 24, 1989 (Sass Diego, Gs.) — After six months of suspense «nd campaigning within the software industry„ the SPA announced the winners of the 1988 SPA Excellence in Software Awards. Eightynine companies had products in the 41 categories on the Snal baHot. Topping thisyear*sawardwinnerswere Adobe, Broderbsmd,spectrum HoloByte and Symmtec, aH of whom had winning products in three or more categories. For the second year in a row, Adobe Systems captured Best of the Best cate-

gory, thisyear for its new product, Adobe IHustrator 88. BUSINESS SOFfWARE AWARDS

Best Entry Level

Business Application Quicken (Macintosh)(Intuit) Best Power Business Application FoxBASE+(v.2.10 (DOS) (FoxSoftware)

Beat Vertical Market Application MaclnTaxrraxVkjtw 1$88 (Softview) Best Nord Processing Application: NordPerfect 5.0(IBM) (WordPerfact) Best Graphic Business Application: M (Adobe Systems) Adobe illustrator SSs Best NumerlcIData Business Application: QSA 3.0 (Symantec Corp.) Beat Business Utility or Accessory Aiiways (Funk Software, Inc.)

CFTIAN

HSTKITSIIc.

sells business computer solutions using Novell Netware that are:

On-line...

The New Kaypro KC-X The American Dream Machine

Best New Business Use Of A Computer IZE (IBM PC) (Persoft, inc.) Beat Multi-Functional Program

Q8 A 3.0 {SymantecCorp.)

Best Graphical User Interface Design HP New Nave (Hewlett-Packard) Best Multi-User Product QM 3.0 (Symantec Corp.)

The new NC-1, a full-function microcomputer that includes two disk drives, monitor and keyboard — built-in-America quality with a strong, one-year limited warranty. All for an incredibly low price!

Beat ProductFor Managers

GrandView (Symantec Corp.)

aes

"4?K4

SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE

.'err.':"..:" c o M p UT Ep s

PC Use'Soc&ky Plans AnnualJaunt To Con@ex The Vancouver PC User SocietywiH be sponsoring a charter to the largest computer show in North America, Comdex/FaH 89. This trade show, to be held in Las Vegas November 15-17, is expected to attract 12Q,QQQ people and 175Q exiubitors. With the number of people expected, both airline seats and accommodations thisyearwiHbehard to come by. This will be the third year that the PC Society has sponsored this charter. There are a limited number of seats available and it is recommended that those interested should caH early. For moreiss fortysatioss eosstaotVPCUS Coyodesc/ FallS9 Chafer c/o 227119 WestPnukr St., Vanrossstsr V68 1S5.

Consumers' ComPuter Show 'S9 Targets Gctober The Consumers' Computer Show '89 wiH be held once again this year at the PNE Forum in October. At press time the date had not yet been finalized, but according to show organizers, Nisteora Aosysotiosts(27S-3S09j, "aH systems are

go.

Easier Label Printing A new program developed locaHy by interactive Sales Corp, called Labelex, is

designed to ease the pain in creatmg and

Have you been shopping for a low- bines all of the necessities into one . united, state-of-the-art machine: pricedcompu ters. Then you must have noticed the foreign invasion: ,', • Strong American Narranty/Service • Complete Computer swarms of electronic boxes sporting incpu: aoaa cpu,4.77/a.o MHz RAIN: 64O KB standard • LOW PriCe Of g$ggg IO scrutable brand names, non-existent And,remember that WarrantieS, and "diSSerVICe" pOliCieS

And, you must have played the old high-

tech shell garne: great deal computersturn out

DI S PLAY; Ifltgh.yescjUticn 12-inch monochrome monitor

' '." ' ' ". ' '

EXPANSION: Eight slots, six open

INpt jT/oUTPUT. Two parallel, one

serial„and onegame port oPERATING sYsTEM: DRDos' 3A WARRANTY:One year limited

to be missing a few "minor" features t such as a keyboard, monitor, operating system, etc. It's downright un-American! Well, meet an honest American, the KC-1. This powerful patriot corn-

KayprO Started Out aS Non-Linear SyStemS, a respected electronic instruITlentatlon manufacturer SinCe 1952. Thia

means that 37 years of

experience in the elecron i cs business stands behind every KA Y PRO computer.

Exercise your freedom of choice, ask for the new KC-1 — The New Kay p ro American Dream Machineat t h e se fine KAYPRO dealers:

SPeortioattunSSubjeCt 1OChange Withcut natiCe. KC.1 iS a regialered trademark Ol KayPrOCOrPOratian; DR DOS,Digilal ReSearChInC.

Call for your neareat Kaypro Dealer (604) 27$4776 Qealer IIMIulrles Nelcome

The Computer Paper I July 'ae

APPLE WORLD

proprietary sokware, a license for which has never been issuetL

The group, which alsocalls itself"Soft-

Macs 50% Faster With Udlity BERKEUK CALIFORNIA, U.SA., 1989 iity daims. to JUN 5 (NB) — A new utT

make Ihe Macintosh ry0 pexcent faster without the use of a math copxoceasor chip or accelerator board. hvo Tech-

nolagieshas developedamath speed-up utimty called SPAMM, short for system Iraognun Sor accelerated Macintosh Mafhematicae which sells for @9. Ixttstamed as an INIT/cdev, SPAMM is mid so be great for such apphcations as cxhmputtapcaided design,statistics, graphardatabaseslhatxequireherlyuseof malh. In testspeiformedbyMacWorMmagazine, the SE pexformed 46 85 to 80.'Vtp percent Ittsfter on various mathematical calculationswhen SPAMM was installed. (Contact: 415441455R)

Apple Code Pirated SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORMA, U cihA, 1989JUN 9 (NB) — A group cammg itself the nuPxometheus League has tgliled a copy of the assembly lan-

guage source codefor Apple's Color Qu1ckXhamyandall hardwareEquate 61es jithr the various Macintosh ROMs to MacWeek mal@zine, and threatens to disseminate more Apple proprietary soIbaaxe in the next few weeks. Apple Computer, meanwhile, is tahng the gxoup's activifyvexyseriouslyand daims to be launching an aggressive investigation in order to stop them. At stake is the "crown jewels" of Apple Computer, its

ware Artists for Infoxmation Dissemination," says in a letter obtained by NEWSBYIXS News Service, to have "no axnbition beyond seeing the genius of a few Appleempltyyeesbene6ttheenfireworld, not just ditttlpated by Apple Corpoxate through litigation and ihwill." MacWeek Editor Dan Ruby tells Newsbytes that the data is apparently authentic,havingbeenveri6edbyone of the softxaare designers, Andy HerlzfeltL He has no idea who sent the disk and

...On Schedule...

letter, which ironically fomowsprotests staged by individuals in the League for Prthgxthnhming Freedom' who seek to curb the look and feel lawsuits over software copyright. The letter &om the nuprometheus League promises to dissexninate copies of Macintosh ROM,Systemsoftthrare6.05, Finder 6.1, and Appletnik LO next. Any one interested in receiving the next maiTing, which will consist of the complete source code to the hiexarchical Singsysfemandalldevicedxivers, should phce a dassdied ad in Bay Area Com. puter Currentsor MacWeek during the month ofJuly, it advises. But both publications tell Newsbytes they will refuse to

STSFRNSIN.

curxe ntspateof '

publish such ada Apple spokesaroman Carleen LeVasaeur tells Newsbytes that the pexpetraaors have not been found but that Apple is agfpessively seehng them out. Apple believes the code has been distributed to two other i n dividuals, including MacWeek, by the guerilla organization. (Contact: Cnrleen LeVasseur,40$I9'74-

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USA., 1989JUN9 (NB) — Apple has at least five new Macintoshes in the wings, ranging &om what is Sculley's Icxspcost, "undeP$1,000" Macintosh to a SS MHz workstation, to a portable. Accoxxfing to MacWeek'sJim Forbes, there are new RS MHz and 16MHz machines similar in appearance to the Hcx, a SS-MHz workstation that will come with a builtm Ether Talk adapter and direct memory access capabiTities, a lovpcost, 16-MHz

680004asedMac,and the16kIHz68000based portable. The report says that Ihe nextgeneration Macintosh IIs, aimed at the Unix workstation market, will start aIIpeari in January, 1990. Further, the portable, which had been expected at August MacWorld in Boston, now won't be ready until at least Septeniber or October, according to Forbes, due to prob. lems with the madilne's power supply and battery.

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Ledbyuvo servers," devices that txanslate IBM main&arne data into information that can be displayed on Macintosh computers, new hardware devices induded three NuBus communications cards and a server for Digital Equipment VAX computers. The servers will be available for site licensing in the first quarter of 1990. The threenewNuBuscommunications cards for IBM data links provide support for SR70Coax, Token-Ringand Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC), and, along with new softwaxe, let the Macintosh emulate the S270 fiunily of IBM terminals. This essentially converts a Macintosh into a $S00 dumb terminal but is necessary because so many IBM main&arne applications are written for SR70 texminaIL Unix and VAX links are provided by MacX sofNsare that lets Macintosh users retrieve information &om Unix systems by supporting the X-Window standard. X-Windcxws is a widely used interfitce in scientific and engineering Unix environments MacX25 sofbilare will let Macintosh users access X.5 packet- switched netwcxrks, an Open System Interconnection network standard used for widedtrea netslorka AppleTalk Phase 2 provides neuvork links with computexs on an IBM TokenRing network or Ethernet as well as LocalTalk, and expands AppleTalk to support connections with 16 million madunes vs 254 with the old network,

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The Computer Paper/ July '99 while other software makes it easy to integrate mainframe data with text and graphics generated on a Mac. With millions of I BMwompatible computers hnked to IBM and other mainframes in the corporate world, increased connectivity is a vital step for Apple to take if it is to continue to penetrate the business environment. The

Macintosh, although long recognized as a powerful and versatile computer, has experienced very limited acceptance in business and industry because of its inabihty to work with the IBM standard machines. Software will be available this fall; AppleTalkfile/printsharingsoftwarewill retail for $149 with the advanced LAN sofuvaregoing for $599. Network cards linking the Macintosh to IBM computers will sell for from $1,195 to$1,495 andwill reportedly be available in the fourth quarter of this year. Industry observers point out that this attempt to provide easy integration with standard business machines is a major move on Apple's part, and its success or failure will have a marked impact on corporate and government Macintosh sales, but it should be pointed out that

pression, effectively doubling transmission, speed and is also available on the 2400baud$499VenTel NuBus internal modem. Another product announcement was for the Communications Toolbox, a set of tools to allow developers to standardize communications on the Mac. The Communications Toolbox was also announced last August and on May 9. It is now scheduled for release this falL The X-Window support, CL/1 connectivity language (used in the IBM servesa), and other MAC-VAX connection productswereannounced lastyearat the August MacWorld Expo in Boston, and Monday'sannouncement was a confirmatio that the products, which were supposed to be released late this year and early next year, are on schedule. ( Contact: Cindy McCaffrey 40M741578 or Brooke Cohan 408-974-5019)

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CANADA, 1989 JUN 9 (NB) — ESL Environmental Sciences hasannounced QUIKMap, desktop mapping software for IBM and compatible PCs, ESLsaidiis product is the only desktiop mapping software that can work with Lotus 145 and dBASE files. Maps. created in AutioCAD, Intergraph and'other popular

formats can be imported. The software can display, print and plot map data in various formats,and supportsmore than 100 dmferent printers and plotters, ESL said. Applications inCude distribution management, market reseihrch, routing and scheduling, cityplanning, sihrheying and various environmental useL The suggested retail price of the software is C$700. It requires %56Kof memory and at least a I&megabyte hard disk. A math colhrocessor is recommended. (Contact Narc VersChaeren, Westex Distributors, 6044l814844)

$1.% M for BC RMP BURNABY, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, 1989JUNS (NB) — The British Columbia Achanced Systems Insti-

tute wim hand out some Cfl.RS million to 14 companies in the province to help

Ihem conduct cooIheratbre research psojects with the provmce's tluee major universities The companieswill have no financial obhgatio to theinstituteif the re l y > p rojecls produce no commer-

cial produce, but will pay royallies on any marketable processes or products telhlting &om the work. The Advanced Sptmhslnshtutehopestomakeithmoney

back on the successful projects. (Contact: Michael Volker, B.C. Advanced Systems Institute, 6044554551)

AISI Plans Partnership VICH)RIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA,

CANADA, 1989 JUN 2 (NB) — Homeautomation firmAISI ResearchandMPR Ltd., the research and development arm of British Columbia Telephone, have agreed in principle toa partnership. The two companies would work together to developandmarkettelecommunications products based on CEBus, the Electrionics IndustriesAssociation hom~utomation standard. At the Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago June 54 and at Pacific Bell' s Texpo show in San FranciscoJune 74, AISI is scheduled to demonstrate a remote telephone mterfihce developed by AISI and MPR. The interface is designed as a gateway to the home automation network, allowing appliances to be ccxhIrolled &em a remote telephone using touch4one orvoice commanda AISI is active in the homoeutomation market and is listed on the Vancouver StockExchange. Ithasoilcesin Victoria and Vancouver, British Columbia,andin

San Ramon, Califoinia. MPR, formerly Microtel Pacific ResearCh, is a partof the

B.C Telephone group, which is contromed by GTE. (Ccmece Carla Mlerini or Charla Motian, AISI, 6044824665)

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BURNABY, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, 1989 JUN 6 (NB) — Stralford Sofhsare Corp. is the new name chosen for BedfordSofhsareLtd.,whichrecently sold iis accounting software business to

ComputerAssociates. Straiford Sofiware will proceed with development of Suzy, a new on-line information product. The renamed company will continue'to be traded onthe Toronto Stock Exchange. Meanwhile,' shareholders are to meet July 4 to approve the Computer Associates deal, which also requires regulatory approval. (Contact Terry McDonald, Bedford Software, 604-294-2594)

CANADIAN NEWS Info Globe Adds-Lqpl Data TORONTO, ONTARIO, CAItIADA, 1989 JUN 1 (NB) — Info Globe, the electronic publishing division of the Toronto dailynewspaper The Globe and Mail, will have the Index to Canadian Legal Literature on fine later this summer. Info Globe gets exCusive online distribution rights to the index in a deal with Carswell Company, the Toronto company that publishes itin association with the Canadian Association of Law Librarians and the Canadian Law Informafion CounciLTheindexisabibliography and periodical index of Canadian secondary legal literature. The ea4ine veislcm will be updated every Nro weeks. (Contact: Phil Fahhghnan, Info Globe,

41658$8260)

Lotus RarruSai-M Upgrade TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA, 1989 JUN 15 (NB) — Lotus DevelopmentCanadahasannounceditsupgrade phhns for 145 Release LR and Release

5.0,which Colin%yatt, general manager of Lotus Canada, described as the largest

The Computer Paper I July 'aa upgrade project in the history of the software industry. In Canada, an upgradefrom any previous release of 1-2-5 to either 2.2 or 5.0 will cost C$185. The only exception to thatprice will be a free upgrade for anyone who has bought Release 2.01 since September 6, 1988. Lotus plans to mail upgrade order kits to registered I 2-5 users across Canada. The company is also supplying its authorized dealers with prepaid upgrade kits, in which customers may mail in their system or Imckup system diskette for an upgrade.Fmally, the company has a volum~pgrnde plan for its hrge accounts. Wyatt said upgrades will be shipped out by courier to reduce the wait for the new software. Release 5.0 is scheduled ta be available inCanada before the end ofJune, while Release 2.2 is due out in the faIL (Contact: Peter Hebb o r C a thy Browne, The Communications Group, '4164474591;

C OMM O D O R E Amiga Product Of The Year WESTCHESI'ER, PENNSYLVANIA,

U.SA., 1989 JUN 2 (NB) — Commodore says that at the April 29 meeting of the National Association of Broadcasters [NAB] theAmiga2000personalcomputer received the Product of the Year award. The award, voted on by the readers of both AV Video and Video Manager magazines, acknowledged the usefulness of the graphi~riented computer in the video industry. The Amiga 2000, which uses Commodore or third-party genlock interfaces, canworkwithboth PAL [European stan-

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speeds up a standard Amiga 2000 by as much as 1,500 percent, using a 25Mhz 68050 microprocessor. Ken Browning of' Power Computingisplanning togeteven better performance by using 52MHz crystals and faster chips. This is made possible by the cards' asynchronous bus design, which allows the Amiga custom chips to continue running at the standard sa. of 7.14 MHz. New on 'ie software &ant from Power Computing was Video Magic, a video presentation program for the Amiga. This product, asyetunpriced, isaimed at a growing niche market in which the Amiga excels. (Contact: Ken Browning, Power Computing - Tel: 0254-275000)

GENERAL China Turmoil Disrupts High-Tech Trade SAN BRUNO, CALIFORMA, U tiA., 1989 JUN 9 (NB) — A week after violence disrupted Chinese society, U.S. fnms are still in a quandary as to how to proceed with business there. Unison Internalional, which manages some $10

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12 Tho Coruputor papor I July '88 Inllhon 1ll allllual sales to China from

their o%ces,"Unison'svice president for trading and d evelopment, Deidre Deamer, told NewsbyteL Shedoesnot think, however, thatexisting joint ventures with China will be affected long term. "It's a question as to whether new investors will go in. We don'texpect to see cutbacksin U.S.firms' sales within China. But there is a question as to whether China has enough foreignexchange to continue to buy." Computer companies with business stakes in the US$690-million China market have adopted a "wait and see" attitude, according to an Asia Computer Weekly report. Statistics by International Data Co~ ration [IDC] show that research analysts believe the political crisis in China will cause the growing computer market there, which has rise from an estimated

US. high-tech firms and isa consultant to firms seeking to establish joint ventures, has dosed its Beijing office and sent three sesff' members on "forced" vacations to other countries in order to size up the situation. Unison, which represents such hightech clients as International Imaging Systems aud Systems Integrators, can communicate with its Chinese staff via phone, fax, and telex, but no mail is being delivered within the country. Of the overnight courier services based in the U.S., only DHLis continuing to serve certain areas of China. "Over the LLst week we have not done «ny business in China. Everyone is on hold for another couple of days until we see how quickly our office will open, and to see how quickly the Chinese will be in

US$450 million in 1987 to last year' s U8$690 miihon, to deflate. Phifit p Wong, general manager ofAST Research [Far East] and Ms Linda Wong, marketing communications manager of Data General [Asia North] said that their companies have shut down their Beijing officesandfiown their foreign staffhome. . China Hewlett-Packard and NCR have reported a temporary crippling of their Chinese operationL SAS Institute's general manager, Nigel Gasper, said thatbothHP and Digital have postponed indefinitely seminars planned for Shanghai and Beijing. IDC China believes that companies which had made definite plans to enter China will delay them while those which had no definite plans but were consider ing entering the Chinese market will think twice about doing so. »

Thegeneral managerof ReseslehAsia, Reid Rasmussen, thinks that the IT market of Hong Kong will also be af» fected. He said that at least two large vendors are reconsidering their investment plans in China and turning to countries which are more politically stable, like Singapore

DI4LMS As Commodities) MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA,

U.SA., 1989, JUN 1 (NB) — DRAMS may be the next major commodities market, trading futures just like pork bellies and soybeans. The Pacific Stock Exchange is seeking approval to trade futures on DRAMs [dynamic random accessmemorychips]. Accordingto thePacific Stock Excha ng, the idea has been under consideration for ayear and they expect approval so that trading can begin in early 1990. DRAM prices have been up and down in recent months. For a whil,e a worldwide shortage of the chips created a steep price rise and a rise in DRAM thefts.

Trading in DRAM futuresmay not be universaL TexasInstruments, the largest

U.S. DRAM maker and a worldwide force in the DRAM market, says it won' t sellits chips on the futures market The company plans to work with its customers to solve the DRAM supply and price problem.

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CANBERRA,AUSTRALIA/ 1989 JUN 1 (NB) — Australia has been invited to join European high-tech development projects aimed at stemming the deminance ofJapan in setting new standards. The Dutch minister of economic affairs carried the invitation to the Australian

Governmentbetween One example he gave wasthe upcoming fight over srandards for high definition TV [HDTV]. He said that business would becoxue much more internationahzed in the future and that Europe intended to lead much ofthe research and development. Meanwhile, planning for the 'futureo. polis' city is progressing. The plan is for a high-tech city to be developed in Austraha by bothJapan and Australia. The city would be built from the ground up, incorporating the latestin technological advances for living, working, learning and relaxing. A large proportion of the population would be Japanese people and Japanesecompanies taking advantage of the space, dimate aud raw resources that Australia has to offer.

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percent] felt that Sun Microsystems will

be the leading supplier of RISC-based computer systems within two years. Second was MIPS Computer Systems [16 percent] and Digital Equipment [16 percent] and IBM ['7 percent]. The survey also found: -58 percent believethe U5. will fail in its attempt to openJapanese markets to more high-tech goods. - 69 percent think the government should help U.S. companies compete. - 80 percent think takeovers of technology companies will increase through the end of this year. - 5'y percent see the Gray Research split

Tho Computer puporr July '8$ into two companies as a major mistake. - 62 percent believeJapan will be the world's pmeminent supercomputer manufacturer by 1999. Technologic Partners, based in New York, publishes "Computer Letter," a highly regarded weekly newsletter devoted to computer and technology issues, in addition to sponsoring conferences. (Contact: Ibchard Shaffer, 212-

the company to be the fastest available Pascal on a PC, hnking programs 10 to 15 percent faster than Borland's as well as being compatible with it. Unlike the Borland product,itoffersawindow-based editor that supports multipleviews into a source file, or simultaneous editing of multiple files. QuickPascal is $99.

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COMDEX/89 Nov. 1$-17 NEEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, U.SA., 1989 JUN 16 (NB) — The Interface Group is beginning the call to arms for its gigantic computer-industry trade show, Comdex/Fail, slated for November 15-17 in the glitter capital of the world, Las'Vegas. Interface says more than 170 companies wiH exhibit and over 100,000 wN attend. Special travel packages are available for international attendees. Fullwonference registration has been set at $fr95 per person, on+clay conferences at$150 aud exhibits only

admission at$75. ( Contact: Victor Cruz, Interface, 61744$6600)

ControlData Selling Schools MINNEAPOLIS, MI N N E SOTA, U.SA., 1989 MAY 51 (NB) — Control Data Corp., which recently closed its ETA Systems supercomputer operation, streamlined iS CYSER mainf'rame business, and cut its corporate staff, has gotten abankwaiver extended untilJUN 50 so it can keep negotiating a $20.million illcrease m its credit tumt, to $50 million. The money is needed to help with the dosings and provide working capital, and the company hopes to have it paid hack, as well as have other bonowings reduced, by the end of the year. The company aho announced it' s reached an agreement to seII its Control DattaInstitutesandlnstittateforAdvaaced Tecbnology to Human Capital Corp., an Edina, Minn. company set up for the purpose. Human Capiial wlII pay cash for the schools, which were the centerpiece of founder William Norris'drive to offersocialresponsibilityataprofit. That drivefoundered in the early 1980s as profits feK (Contact: Nancy Foltz, Control Data Corp., 61ft455-5229)

IBNI WORLD Pascal Now Object-Oriented SCOTTS VALLEY, CALIFORNIA, U.SA., 1989 MAY 25 (NB) — Bo th Borland and Microsoft chose the same week toannounce new objectwriented progratttming features on their versions of the Pascal computer language. The two announcements represent the first implementation of objectariented technology in a mainstream, indus~tandard computer language. The benefit of objectwriented technology, according to Borland, is that it gives software programmers a "building block" approach to programming. Programmers can spend more time designing and less time with the basic mechan-

ics of writing a program. Borland's Turbo Pascal 5.5, $150, combines the simplicity of Apple's ObjectPascal language with extensions from the C+I+ objectwriented programming language, induding static objects, object constants, static methods, constructors,

and destructors. Borland says only four new keywords have been created, making its version of Pascal the cleanest and more consistent.

Microsoft's QaickPascal is daimed by

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CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, Uc)W, 1989 MAY50 (NB) — Spinnaker Software is readying a WIndows. based product thatwill allow PC users accessto stacks created for Apple'5 HyperCard environment. This makes it the first product that actually allows PC users to work with HyperCard stacks. Other products, like Brightbill-Roberts 8c Co.'s HyperPad provide HyperCardlike functions in a text-based environment. The Spinnaker program, codenamed Wildcard, will actually allow PC users to work with the huge amount of HyperCard stacks that are now out. According to sources, the program, which is expected to be available for around $100 early this fall, runs 40 times faster than Apple's HyperCard. Also, the progrunis compiled and notinterpreted, so thatapplications createdwithitcan be invoked without running WildCarcL If WildCard works well, it promises to open up a whole new world to PC users, who so far have seen HyperCard as one area of theMac theyhaven'tbeen able to duplicate with high-powered PCs.

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gmg. Like previousversions, File Shuttle 4.1 can change its user interface from English to French to German at the touch of a key. The software sells for C$159.95. (Contact: Art Bayne, GetC Software,

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Autodesk's %6 AutoCAD SAUSALITO, CALIFORNIA, U.SA., 1989 JUN 6 (NB) — Autodesk has unveiled its newest version of the world' s most popular computer-aided design program, AutoCAD. Release 10 increases theprogram'sperformanceon 586.based PCs running under DOS by liberating them from the 640K memory barrier. The new version, which makes drawing and 5-D up to 20 percent faster,combines AutoCAD with Phar Lap of Bos-

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WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK,U.SA., 1989 JUNE 14 (NB) = IBM announced last week that certain of its toff-theline 25-MHz Model 70 computers are likely to experience problems with the 120-megabyte hard disk The problem is only with the Model 70-121 and 70-A21 desktop PS/2 machines and involves failure of the hard disk to start on power up after an extended shutdown. Scott Brooks, IBM spokesperson, told Newsbytes that this problem potentially affects only about 159oof the installed base of the Model 70 computers. According to Scott, "This wae aproblem with a lubricant that leaked out of the bearings and, in combination with the thin film media on the 120 megabyte hard disks, sometimes caused sficking. The disk can usually be restarted by powering the system off and back on. again [for a temporary fix]." IBM is offering free on-site replacements for certain early models of the computerand recommends that owners of 70-121s with serial numbers below 729027617 and 70-A21s with serial numbers below 7MD00679 contact their dealer for further information and to arrangeforkee replacement. This recommendation applies even to those not experiencing problems because,according toMr. Brooks, accelerated aging tests at IBM's labs indicate thatthe chances of such a failure grow with time. Actually there have been few or no actual failures in the field as yet, and IBM stresses that this is preventive maintenance, an indication of IBM's emphasis on customer service. Speaking about an earlier problem with the 25-MHz 70-A21 computer, Mr. Brooks emphasized that media reports about theproblem were highly exaggerated, the entire problem stemming from a single faultyconnector which did not require a complete re- engineering of the A21's mother board, as reported elsewhere. (Contact Scott Brooks 914442-5408)

Samna Setting On Ami NORCROSS, GEORGIA, U.SA. 1989

JUNKS (NB) — Samna isintroducing an

enhanced version of its Ami word processorfor Windows, Ami Professional, at the PC Expo Show in NewYork starting June 19. The introduction comes amid negative pressreports daiming Ami is underpowezed and theAmi Professional is incompatible. The company enteredthe market for Windows. based word processors long

before anyone else, and scored big as users learned Windows offers WYSIWIG features common to the Apple Macintosh on the IBM PC. But criticism has been registered of the code behind Ami, and big users said the productwas underpowered.Ami Professional, at$495,adds features like merging, macros, footnoting, annotations and automatic generation of contents' pages and indexes. But Ami, a $199 product, cannot. edit files made on Azni Professional, it can only print and read them.

%mna was best known for the Samna word processor, which itself is descended &om the program used on the old Lmier word processors of the early 1980s. A spokesman blamed the bad press on jealousy among magazines. (Contact: Pam Alexander, Alexander 8c Co., 4NN764482)

MUSIC Sheet Music Distribution Via

Computer Debuts CHICAOO, ILLINOIS, U.SA., 1989 JUNE 14 (NB) — At last week's National Association of M u si c M e r chants' [NAMM] show, MuszcWriter, Inc. unveiled an in<tore computerized sheet music distribution system with concurrent access to a database containing as many as 20,000 titles licensed &om leading music publishers This system allows reuzil outlets to sell a vast selection of sheet music titles without taking up a lot of floor, wall or shelf space. The system uses a PC with color monitor. The program is menuMiven, allowing interactive customer access to

the database. A telephone l(nk to MusicWriter's home o6ice host computer enables local laser printing of the customer's selection.

The MusicWriter system will be available for in~tore installation in the spring of 1990. ( C ontact: Kent C ooper, Hakuhodo Advertising, 21&ML5200)

TELECOM 16 Megabit-Per4econd LAN On Phoae%ire NEW' YORK, NEW YORK, U.SA., 1989 MAYSI (NB) — Ungermann-Bass has announced a 16-million-bit-permcond Token Ring network using ordinary phone wires called unshielded twisted pair wiring. The product will be compatible with British Telecom's Open System Cabhng Architecture, Abc T's Premises Distribution System, and Southern New England Telecommunications' Systems'

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Bass, 40M62-7645)

iNet R000 Says Gateway Success Slow CHANTILLY,VIRGINIA, USA., 1989 JUN 2 (NB) — Both the iNet2000 gate wayin Canadaand the somewhat-related iNet of America gateway in Virginia are making slow,steady progress toward market acceptance,mainly by concentrating on work-related users. Telecom Canada's iNet 2000, introduced in 1985 and connected to the Datapac public data network, has about 50,000 users, said product manager Rob Huband, despite arecently-approved price increase. He credits success to a marketing plan targeting specific industry groups. Lawyers have been especially active, through the Canadian Bar Asso-

being discontinued. The GEnie service is also adding ZModem to the list of errorwhecking protocols supported in its roundtables, where softwareis exchanged. Zmodem does not need to wait for the PC to acknowledge correct data, eliminating the biggest delay during file transfers. Also, if you download a partial file, then get diiconnected,ZModem can download only the remainder of the file, when you come back on. ZModem joins XModem, XModem-lK, YModem, and YModemG as protocols available to GEnie users. (Contact SteveHaramiak, GEnie,501-

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CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, USA., 1989 JUN 9 (NB) — Omnet has introduced a system to bring even the most e-mail-resistant executive into your E-Mail universe. LUDD Mail — it' s short for luddite — will print electronic mail and send it to users, in areal envelope, to a real mailbox. Mark Mueller of Omnet told Newsbytes, "It's designed to make things easier for people who use e-mail. ciation. Sometimes youhave one curmudgeon The software, which is being marketed by a separate company, will appear soon who says no, and you have to deal with him." The product is priced on the basis in Australiaand Hong Kong, while negoof mail packets, which Mueller explained tiations continue to bring iNet to the this way. "For each business day we send U.S. I n t h e U.S., iNet of America mail to you, you get charged." scored a major coup earlythisyearwhen ( Contact: Mark Mueller, Omnet, 617it won the contract to run ABANet, formerly on Dialcom. ABANet presently hasabout15,000members,and Director David Weinberg says he's getting dozens ofnewapplications eachweek. Still, Barry Wilson, vice president of business development with i Ne t o f

A m e rica, told

Newsbytes "I'm a bit of a pessimist about the massive build up. The applications just aren't there to drive it. I'm very

optimistic, however, about the penetration on the professional side."

Postscript To Fax PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA, U.SA., 1989 JUN 12 (NB) — GammaLink has tied PostScript securely to Group III fiicsimile standards with GammaScript, a software program which sends files mad in the page description language PostScript, as crisp fax images. Gammalink says the product will clear up the fax quality problem by letting people use any of 5,000 Postscript~pported programs to create hxes. GammaScript's Postscriptinterpreter isaPostscript done

licensed &om+MS of Mobile, Alabama (Contact: GunmaLink, Lexi Bisbee, 415|l56-7421)

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Fastest 1-Meg DRAl'N KYOTO, JAPAN, 1989 MAY 27 (NB) — Researchers at IBM Japan's Tokyo Basic Research Center and IBM's Watson Research Center have jointly developed the world's fastest one-megabit dynamic random access memory [DRAM] chip at IBM's Yasu manufacturing plant. The experimental one-megabit DRAM is based on a new complementary metaloxide-semiconductor [CMOS] process. Two layersof polyciystalline silicon or small silicon crystalsjoined together and two layers of metal were used for the chip's wiring. This composition allows the chip to operate two to three times filster than the current generation of one-megabit chips, retrieving a unit, or bit, of information injust22billionthsof a second. Moreover, Pa nel M O S access transistor allows the new chip to reduce noise and pick up small signals. IBM expects that the higWpeed onemeg DRAM chip heralds the advent of very fast main memory in supercomputers, personal computers,-and engineering workstations. Thus, Big Blue is in a hurry to launch the product for practical use.

Massive 4M DRAM Output TOKYO, JAPAN, 1989 MAY 26 (NB) — Seeking to quickly become theworld's leading semiconductor maker, Hitachi has announced plans to increase fourmegabit dynamic random access [ DRAM] chip production to up t o 800,000 units per month by the end of the year. Hitachi now makes 50,000 units of four-megabit DRAM chips per month, and will increase production gradually to 200,000 units by September and by another 200,000 to 400,000 units by the end of the year. The chip will be produced in its two local plants, at Kofu

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1e The Courputar paper I July 'eo plant in Yamanashi and at Naka plant in Ibaragk Meanwhile, one of the other leading DRAM chip makers, Toshiba, isscheduling an output of one mBlion units in the same period. The market share battle between three players, Hitachi, Toshiba and NEC, shows the same "dead heat as the early stage of one-megabit DRAM producfion. Toshibaisgenerallybelieved to have won, at least in terms of volume produchon.

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Intel's 860 Chip A Precursor To N-11P SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA,

U.SA., 1989JUN10 (NB) — Unix World Magazine reports that Intel's i860 chip,

4~4O.«

is a precursor to theN-11, a secret chip supposed'to be a full microprocessor, which the 860 is not. The i860 chip has been seen by many coproceasor, and has been dismissed as a halfhearted attempt to lure users away &om the Motorola88000and theSPARC chip, as used in Sun computers. According to the magazine, even Motorola's Wayne Sennett, vice president of the company's computer systems division, expressed surprise over Intel's marketing techniques. "The thing that surprises me is how could anyone offer it [the i860] as a mainstream chip," he said.

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Mainframe Power To Supermims&PARC Chip BEAVERTON,OREGON, U.LA., 1989

•

on Sun Microsystems' reduced-instruction~t specifications, has broken the speed barrier for SPARC microprocessors, running at 65 million instructions per second, or MIPS. Bipohr Integrated Technology's BIT SPARC chip promises to lead to workstations three to four

hmes fiister than current offerings. The 52-bit chip is said to be six times faster than any other SPARC chip on the market.

The BIT SPARC, actually a sixMip set, "gives computer designers a means to

significantly reduce the size while increasing the performance of future computers," says company marketing vice president Chris DeMonico. "BIT SPARC allows computing systems that cost less than $100,000 to deliver the same performance as mainframes cost-

lays due to its complex architecture.

ing more than $1 million."

Virtual Reality A Reality

The unit is also the first to use highspeed emitterwoupled logic in a RISC

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, USA., 1989 JUN 7 (NB) — The world' s first public demonstration of virtual reality which supports more than one person at a time took p 89, the Pacific Bellwponsored telecommunications hade show. This science fiction concept, popularized by writer William Gibson in such books as "Neuromancer, allowsa person toexpeiiencea computergenerated visual world in which they can interact without moving . &om their chair. Created by VPL Research, RB2 or RealityBuiltfor Two, operatesviabroadband telephone cables, and consists of what's called "eyephones" — headaets which allow the wearer to view a computer~nerated, 8-D landscape inside the hehnet — and the DataGlove, a computer inputdevicewornon thehand which converts hand gestures and posi • tions into computerweadable form. In the demonstration, two RB2 wearers shook disembodied "hands" aker "walking" across a cubical computer~nerated day+are center. The audience watched on television monitors hanging above eachparticipant's heads. Virtual Reality, part of the Visionary Network exhibit, is the brainchild ofJaron Lanier,former video game designer for Atari. While the Eyephones have just been introduced, his DataGlove technology has already been licensed to Mattel where it is being employed as a game-machine inputdevice. On the other hand, it's being used by Stanford Medical Center surgeon Dr. Joseph Rosen who is experimenting with it in remote hand-injuiy diagnosis as well as in virtual surgery" in which the hand can be

lace atTexpo '

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•

tor of product design. VPL is located in Redwood City, California, and can be reached by calling 415-861-1710.

made to perform the surgery, as directed

by a remotely-located physician, according to VPL's Ann Lasko-Haiville, direc-

chip. Sun Microsystems President Scott McNealy says the chips are running in Sun' are planned for use in future systems. ( Contact Marge Breya,505445-1551)

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1M DRAkM Price Drop TOKVD,JAPAN, 1989JUNE7 (NB)The market for one-megabit dynamic random access memory [DRAM] chips has become decidedly weaker. The world' s leading producer of the memoiy units, Toshiba, has decided to lower the price of its flagship one megabit DRAM byfive percent to about,900 yen or$15. And as Toshiba goes, so goes ita competition. Analysts expect the average price 80 ofoneapiece,or under 2,000 yen, for the first time in two years. Severalfactors, such as volume production, slow growth of exports to the US., and the alleviafion of a domestic one megabit chip shortage, have conspired to cause the price-to drop. The on~ e g abit DRAM price drop should lead to lower prices for personal computers and dedicated word processors, and also signals the beginning of

mega bitDRAMchipstobe/IS.

demand for the next generation of

memory units,— four-megabit DRAM chips.

Cheapest Fax Modem Yet VAN NUYS, CALIFORNIA, USA, 1989 JUN 5 (NB) — Best Data Products, Inc. has announced what may be the cheapestfax modem on the market — a new modem that will send a fax called the Smart One 4824SF. The unit sells for under $200 retail. The modem incorporates the CMOS

technology that is common to the com-

The Ceruputer Paper r July '99 1 pany'stop o ff-the-line modems and italso

has the new Sentmsx technology. The modem is 2400bps; the fm operating mode is C 5 compatible. The Smart One 4824SF package will include the communications software needed to draw, scan or transmit a Qe. T his modem is equipped with the ability to transmit format [picgraphics in a bit tures] to felix capable machines. Both the fax and modem capabilities incorporate M-hack for communicating through poor line conditions orwith lower speed modems. (Contact: BruceJohnson, Best Data Products, Inc., 818-7864884)

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For Cleaning Without CFCs TOKYO, JAPAN, 1989 JUN 8 (NB)Mitsubishi Klectxic and Taiyo Sanso believe they have an industrial cleaning machine that can replace ozonewating

constantly at a computer screen. The Institutde recherche en sante et en securite du travail du Qaebec [Institute for Workplace Healthand SafetyResearch of Quebec] is organizing the conference.The fi rstsuch conference was held in 1986 in Stockholm, Sweden. (Contact LiurentGirouard, Equation

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Management...

UNIX Unix Not Portable, Claims Consultant SYDNEY, AUSTRAUA, 1989 MAY 50 (NB) — Speaking in Sydney last week, computer-industry consultant Brian Clegg spoke about operating systemsand put more than a few noses out of joint. "Even though there has been a lot of

chlorofluorocarbons.

The device, a s~ l led Ice Cleaning Unit, will remove 0.1 microns of foreign material that are Irozen with a fine water mist, then removed with liquefied nitrogen. The method can be be applied to semiconductors, printed circuit boards, precision machines, and pipes for nuclear power plants. These firms are expecting to put the machine on the market next spring at the expected price of 10 million yen or $66,700 per unit. (Contact: Mitsubishi Electric, OM18-

2111,)

FujitsuJapanese SalesLeader TOlQQ,JAPAN, 1989JUN 15 (NB)IBM Japan has given up itslead to Fuji tsu in sales of general-purpose computers, and in personal computers, Seiko-Kpson has registered the biggest sales increase, so says a suxvey of the top 100 major productand service companies inJapan by Nihon Keizai Shimbun Company. The survey of general-purpose computer makers shows Fujitsu with 24.5 percent of sales, IBM Japan with 24.4 percent, Hitachi with 17.7 percent, NEC with 17.1 percent,. and Nihon Unisys with 10.5 percent. In the office computer arena, Fujitsu also leads, with a 26.2 percent share,

NEC is second with 24.9 percent, and far behind are Toshiba, 8.9 percent, IBM Japan, 8.2 percent, and Matsushita, 8.1 percent. NEC leads in the personalwomputer market with a whopping 52.5 percent share, Fujitsu has 15.6 percent, Seiko Epson has 10.1 percent but registered the biggest increase over last year — up

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Conference On VDT Use MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA, 1989 JUN 16 (NB) — The Second International Scientific Conference on Work

With Video Display Units is scheduled here September 11-14. Researchers from industry and universities around the world will discuss concerns about work-

ing with video display units. Questions include the effect of non- iomzing radiation from the screens, possible vision problems and stress on people who work

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The computer Ireper I July 'SS years, a measure aimed atpreventing any potential takeover of NeXT by Canon. The Canon-NeXT alliance is generally seen as a brilliant business deal, since it provides NeXT with Asian sales channels without any cash outlay. Canon, meanwhile, gets a machine it can launch into the Japanese workstation market, where no dear leader has yet emerged. The alliance also assures Canon of a steady demand for its erasable optical diskdrive units, on which it has invested over 10 billion yen or $67 million. Canon has been distributing other brand-name computers, induding IBMcompatible AX machines, Apple computers, and minicomputers &om Hewlett-Packard. The deal with NeXT is expected to increase Canon's computer sales from $1,550 million to $6,670 milApricot First lion annually, say company oflicers, who With 80486-Sased Machines add they expect to sell 1,000 NeXT BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND,1989JUN computer systems each month.July 10is 02 (NB) — A p ricot Computers has the date Canon will introduce the NeXT launched the first series of computers computer system inJapan. Shipments to based around the Intel 8Q486 micropro- Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and cessor. The machines — code-named Singapore will begin in September. Both the Titan series — are known as the VX firms also will jointly develop aJapanese FT~rver series of integrated network version of the machine. and Unix servers. Hiroshi Tanaka, director of the Canon The Apricot VX series centres around business machines sector, was on hand two microprocessors, the 25-MHz 80586 in Fremont for the announcement. He chip andthe 25-MHz 80486 chip. The told Newsbytes that Canon's only other 80486.based VX Ff- server series promajor investment in a U.S. company is in vides 15 million instructions per second Detroit-based Energy Conversion De[MIPS] of processing power. The 80586- vices, a research firm pioneering the use based maduneswill ship in August, while of silicon for solar cells and other electhe 80486-based machines wiII ship in tronic purpchces. Canon owns ten perSeptember. cent of that firm. The VX series splits neatly into two families- the VX 400 network servers MSC Wave SurgesIn

publicity about Unix being an open system, it's not a truly portable operating system. In order to move Unix to diIfer ent madunes you have to xaake changes to the system. This is not so with either Pick or DOS." He the said that Pick also beat Unix with a much larger user-base. "It is favored by small development houses who lookforprice to performance. From day one it was a multiuser, commercial system, unlike Unix which started up as an operating system used in the educational and scientificarea. Myaim is for Pick and Unix to work sid~ i d e so thatyou can log onto Fick &om Unix — thatplatform doesn't exist yet but it should. We need true integrationl"

and the VX 800 Unix host systems. Each

, family has four models, the Model 1Q,50, ' 40 and 90, each with differing harcMiskh and tape backup configurations. A 1,200MB digital audio tape [DAT] data system, plus1.44MB5.5-inch floppydrive is fitted as standard on all machines. The entry4evei Model 4QQ/10, for

example, has a25-MHz 80586 microprocessor with 4MB of random access memory [RAM], a 117MB hard disk, and 80MB tapestreamer. The 400/10 prices in at a hefty UKP 8,995, whilst the topofthe-range 400/9Q,with 25-MHz 80486 microprocessor,1047MB hard disk, and 15QMB tape streamer, costs UKP 16,995. Shghtly higher product specifications are found onthe VX 800 series,which range in price from UKP 10,995 for the Model 10 to UKP 21,995 for the Model 90. RAM configurations range from 8 to 16MB on the VX 800 series. The new Apricot machines have been welcomed by several third-party companies, all of whom are developing systems software for the VX series. Companies in this category indude Microsoft, Novell, Oracle, Sybase and The Santa Cruz Operation. (Contact: Jes Dorrell, Apricot Computers - Tel: 021%56-1254)

Canon Invests $100 Million In NexT FREMONT, CALI FORMA, U.SA., 1989 JUN 12 (NB) — Canon has officially announced its first major alliance with a U.S.-based computer firm, NeXT

Computer Systems. The company has invested $100 million in Apple cofounder SteveJobs' new workstation company, in return getting l 6.67 percent of the operation aswellas exclusive Far East distribution rights for the NeXT machines. Canon is restricted, per the con-

tract, from obtaining more than 20 percent of the company over the next 10

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TOKYO, JAPAN, 1989JUN 15 (NB)Nihon Sun Micrcuystemshasannounced that half of all its workstation orders are for its reduced instruction set computer [RISC] workstations. The news contrastswith that &om Sun

Microsystems, which has been trying to get customers to adopt its RISC. based, Sun' series, introduced last February. However, traditional Sun workstations are still preferred by Japanese buyers. Sun tried to shift some 60 percent of iis workstation output to the RISC units, but has reportedlyachieved only 20 to 50 percent in that category. Meanwhile, sales of RISC workstations from Digital Equipment Carp and Sony are booming inJapan, and competition is expected to get even more fierce as new RISCmicrprocessorsare introduced by Sun, Motorola, and other companies. (Contact: 05-221-7021)

NeXT Bundles FrameMaker SAN JOSE, CAUFORMA, U.SA., 1989 JUN 5 (NB) — Buyers of NeXT computerswiii get &ee copiesof Frame Technoh ogy's FrameMaker 2.0 workstation publishing software. "We wanted our cus. tomers to get a taste of what truly arnaz-

ing workstation publishing is all about," saysNeXT founder Steve Jobs. The prerelease copy of FrameMaker 2.0 will run under the current version of the ma-

chine's operating system, Release 0.9, NeXT, meanwhile, hosts thepressfor a tour of its worldwlass manuIacturing

facility in Fremont, California, on Monday,June 12,virtuallysimultaneouslywith a inajor announcement slated by rival Apple Computer of new networking products. (Contact: 818-981-1520)

Stolberg Engineering Ltd. is recognized as one of the fmestengineering 5rms around.Th eRichmond company provides structora], civil and mechanical engineering for the sawmill industry. Stolberg's focus on quality has led to impressive growth over the past few years. Shortly after Stolherg made the quantum leap to computer automation, they chose Jump Software Ltd. to network the system and to implement future growth. Manager John Inly elm, PEng., describes the result.

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Raase is a masterpiece. It allovrs our engineers to track the many components required for the sawmillswe build and upgrade. It eliminates tedious manual calculations and helps to instantly communicate changes to each engineerworking on aproject" We couldn't have said it better ourselves. So we]] let

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Test Drive You wouldn't buy a new car without taking it for a test drive, so why do so many of you buy computers based solely on the specifications? The specs are only a rough indication of how well a computer will run your programs. Beforeyou buy yourcomputer, rent one for$8 per hour at any of the desktop publishing centres, or take night~ o o t coursesuntil

you feelconfident enough to demand a test drive using your software. As I never

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square wave with a &equency of 4.77 million cydes per second (4.77 megahertz, abbreviated MHz). The slowest clones sold in Vancouver have a clock frequency of 8 MHz; the fastest run at25 MHz. We should soon be seeing some of the new N-MHz machines. Frequencies above 40 MHz will probably require radical new computer designs. The faster the clock beats, the faster

computations get done. If eveiything else is equal, a 12 MHz computer will be twice as fast as a 6 MHz computer. In practice, everything else is not equal, so the onlyproper testis to benchmark (i.e. test and measure the speed of) some real-life work. Some machines have a dual-speed dock. Running at the faster rate is called "turbo mode." The slower rate is for runninggames orrunning temperamental programssuch as FastBack 5.14.

Pushml, the CPU

You cannot simply replaceyour crystal with a faster one and expect everything to work. Every component in a Aster computer has to be more stringently

designed to function properly at the mcreased speed. Going back to the conductoranalogy,what would happen if Mario Bernardi suddenly decided to conduct The William Tell Overture 209o &ster than the Calgary Symphony had rehearsed) Itmightsound O.K., but there would be little slips. Beware of unscrupulouss done-makers who pushthe components beyondtheirsafe-rated speed. Such machines may run too hot, will be unrehable and will not last long. If you buy a done, get a knowledgeable friend to check that the design does not push the components. In particular, beware of a 16 MHz 80286pushed to 20 MHz.

0 crating Systems charm ani p u l a t e s ere are three operating systems, in acters (letters of the alphabet). (whole numbers) and

In order of increasing power the chips are: the 8088, V20, 8086, V80, 80286, 80586SX (or SX pronounced "esSKX"), the 80586, 80486 and 80586. XT clones contain an Intel 8088 or NKC V20. Some European clones con-

INSTANT INTERFACE withA4ITOI=OX

' '. DOS

fain the la tel 8086 or Nec V50. AT clones

contain an Intel or Harris 80286. Lowc ost 586 machines contain an I n t e l

80%6SX. High-cost M6 machines contain an Intel 80386. Gold-plated graphics workstations will contain the new 80486, but you can't buy them yet. Intel

is stN working on the 80586 and have not yet even released sample chips.

The Crystal

Before we can understand why some computers are faster than others, we have to take a peek under the hood. Inside every computer is a quartz crystal that sends ou tan electric heartbeat called the dock. This heartbeat extends to nearlyevery chip in the computer. The crystal is like the conductor of an orches. tra. On the beat, every transistor in every

chip checks its inputs and decides whether to change state. In the original XT, the dock was a

increasingorder of complexity: DOS, OS/2 and Unix. An operating system is a mother program that runs all the time in

a computer. It helps ordinary programs do things like control the keyboard, hard diskand screen. Microsoft designed DOS for the 8086. Microsoft designed DS/2 for the 80286. AT8cT designed Unix for general use on CPUs with large address

spaces (such as the80%6),

DDS When DOS is running, all nine types of chip pretend to be the simple 8086. In this mode (called real mode), only 640K of RAM is accessible. Don't panic, I witt explain soon what RAM is. Ail the chips

handle data in character (i.e. 16-bit) chunks. 1 character = 1 byte = 8 bits. The babies of the family, the 8088 and V20 used in XT clones, handle data 8 bits ata time, but do their best to fake itas 16 bits. The overhead faking every 16-bit

access e prform sas two 8-bit accesses is

the main reason XT clones are so much

slower than ATs.

DOS wastes most of the power of the 80286, SX and 80586. However, these chips,even when hampered by having to

The Computer peper I July '$$ Z pretend to bean 8086, can still do thejob somewhat hster than a real 8086. Obviouslya 25-MHz 80586 could run rings around an 8 MHz 8086 simply because the 80856 has a faster dock. However, the 805S6 also has a better design and can get more done per dock cycle. The new 80486 and 80586 chips gain most of their extraordinary power by accomplishing nearly all instructions in a single clock cyde, where the 8086 takes 2 to 185 cycles to finish a single

Unix

instruction.

computer, which is something OS/2 cannot do. Unix exploits the full power of the SX and 80586. The computer can address an unimaginably large amount of RAM. In native mode, the 80586 works on data in 52-bit chunks twice as large as the 16bit 80286, meaning approximately twice the speed. Under Unix, the SX can actually only access data 16 bits at a time, though it fakes 52-bit accesses. When running 52-

Under DOS, thereare only a handful of programs that exploit some of the powerfulfeatures of the SX and 80586. For example, IGC's VM-586 runs several DOS programs at once, accessing 5 MB of RAM. In summaiy, there is not much point in buying an expensive SX or 80586 machine if all you want to do is run DOS. An 80286 AT will be quite adequate at much lower cost. An 80286 AT system will be at least four times faster than an 8088 XT system with the same MHz rating. Most new software requires AT speeds to function properly, particularly word processors and desktop publishing

Unix is a complex, mature operating system thathas been ported to the 80586 and SX SCO Xenix, Microport Unix, ATScT System VUnix, IBM'sAIX,Venix/ 5S6, ISC's 586/ix, etc. are all Unix variants for the 80586. Some muchness powerful Unixversions run on the 80286. Like OS/2, Unix allows you to run more than one program at time. In addition, when you attach terminals, more than

SCANNER

one person at a time can use the same

•

bit Unix software, this deception cuts its

memory access speed almost in half. To the Unix software, however, the SXlooks just like its bigger brother, the 52-bit 80586.

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software. Choose an AT over an XT wherever possible. You will spend only about $150 more, but you will have a much faster, more reliable machine.

OS/R OS/2 is a new operating system that allows you to run several programs at once. However, it does not allow more than one person to use the computer at a time. Operating systems, like people, and Gne wines, improve with age. Because it has not had time to mature, and because it is held back by its attempts to

remain partiaHy compatible with DOS, OS/2 is slower than DOS and uses up a whopping 4 MB of RAM to do a job that DOS could often do in 640K. I recommend you do not partake of this operating system before its time. The 8088, V20, 8086, and V50 cannot run OS/2. Microsoft designed OS/2 around the limitations of the 80286 chip used in AT ciones. Under OS/2, the SX and 80586 pretend to be an 80286 running in protected mode where 16 MB of RAM is accessible. Like DOS, OS/2 largely wastes the power of the SX and

80586.These chips can run OS/2 onlya little faster than a real 80286 of equivalent clock speed. OS/2 requires hardware that is 100fo compatible with IBM. DOS is not nearly so picky because the ROM BIOS can mask minor differences. Because the 80286 has such glaring flaws in its design (leading to its reputa, tion as "brain damaged" ), I predict that OS/'2 will be entirely supplanted by a successor OS/2-586 that works only on the 80586. The original OS/2 for the 80286 will then wither away. For this reason, if you are planning to move to OS/2 in ftiture, go with the SX or 80586 now. The 80286 will probably be left behind.

If you have multi-tasking (running more than one program at once) or multi-user (attaching more than one active keyboard to the computer) in your future,go forthe 80586. Ifyou want the option to merely dabble with such software, use the much less expensive SX.

Which Chip Do You PickP Pickthe 8088 and V20 inan XT clone only when you can get it second-hand cheaply. Do not buy a new one. Writers and students will probably be quite happy with such a machine running DOS and PC Write forever. There is no possibility of migrating to OS/2 or Unix later. The 8086 and V50 are rare, used only in expensive, incompatible European clones. Avoid them altogether. The 80286 is the heart of eveiy AT done. This isyour basic DOSworkhorse, with the possibility of migrating to OS/2 sometime in the future. The 80286 chip has several design defects which means it will never be truly satisfactory for multitasking. For pure DOS use, you can buy a 20-MHz 80286 that will be only 20% slower than the fanciest 80586 clone and will cost only a third as much. If you go this route, make sure your clone is a true 20MHz chip, nota 16MHz chip pushed beyond its rated capacity. The SX machine will costyou roughly an extra$450 above the costofan 80286. The two are about equally fast, with the

80286 oftentaking the lead. The advantages of the SX are, it allows you to run some of the virtual-mode software such as VM-586and it leaves the door open to migration to Unix later. The SX will let you experiment with all the Iancy new 80586 software, without the high cost of a true 80586. The SX has built-in memory mapping hardware that helps efIicient disk caching. Because the future is

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so hard to predict, you cannot be sure you wi!I get much value for the extra cost above an 80286. An 80586 machine will cost you about another $450above the cost of an SX. For DOS and OS/2 use,the 80586 isa little faster than the SXbecause the 80586 fetches its instructions 52 bits at a time,

whereas the SX fetches them 16 bits at a time. Because under DOS and OS/2, both chips pretend to be an 80286, both are constrained to read and write data 16 bits ata time. Thiswastes the 52-bitpower of the80586. However, under Unix, the 80586 will access memory nearly twice as fast as the SX. For pure DOS use, an 80586 ofFers little. advantage over an SX. However, if you want the fastest possible machine (even just to run DOS), you must buy an 80586which is available up to 55 MHz. The fastest 80286 you could buy would be 20 Mhz. The SX is only available at 16 MHz. Beforeyou spend a lot ofmoney buying a very fast computer, test drive it, then ask yourself "Which would I rather have, this or a vacation in Hawaii?"

How RAM Works Before I can explain RAM specifications, again, I will have to take a peek under the hood. If the crystal is the heart of the com-

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puter, then the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain, and the RAM is the memory. The CPU is the 8088, 80586 etc. — the big chip with the many tiny legs. (Purists will point out that the chip is the tiny wafer inside the ceramic case. The case itself is called an IC or Integrated Circuit) . In the CPU are electronics that can do arithmetic and compare

two numbers to see which is bigger. This does not sound vesy promising, but, with those humble tools, programmers can teach the CPU to do such diverse things

as design nudearweaponsor help Greenpeace prepare abrief. Computer analysts (humans) create programs in RAM. Programs are just lists of instructions for the computer to calculate.

What is RAM? RAM is a set of elec!ronic pigeon-holes that act as the computer's high-speed memory. In an XT, you have 640K of RAM (1K= 1024 characters). There are some older XTs and ATs without the full complement of640K, (often only 512K, the amount of RAM in a true-blue IBM AT), but nearly all new machines have at least 640K. Thus there are 655,560 pigeonholes, each capable of storing a single digit or letter. The pigeonholes are numbered 0 through 655,559. The CPU says, "Hey RAM, please store thisQ in pigeon hole 654,555." That is called storing or writing the value Q at address 654,555 in RAM. Then the CPU says "Hey RAM, whatletter didI putin address555,125?" This is called fetching or reading the value at address 555,125. The group of wires (grown-ups call them "conductors") that run between the CPU and the RAM are called the bus.

In an XT there are 20 wires reserved for sending the address and 8 for the value. With 8 wires, there are 256 possible binary patterns ofhigh/low voltages. Each pattern represents a different letter of

+is

the alphabet, for example, - or in binary 01010001. The RAM has many uses. It stores numbers used in calculations. In a word processor, itwould be used to store your keystrokes. Programs, the todo lists for the CPU, occupy most of RAM. A program is just a coded list of letters and numbers that tell the computer what to do. For example the number "128" is the code to ask the CPU to add 1 to the accumulator register. Using a binary code, numbers 0 to255 can alsobe stored in a single RAM cell, just the way letters are.

RAM has one failing. It has total amnesia when you turn ofF the power. This is

why you must remember to save your work onto hard disk from time to time.

RAM Width Up to now, we have talked about 8-bit RAM, the kind you find in XTs. In ATs you have 16-bit RAM. In ATs, the CPU says, e "Hey RAM, what did I put in the upaire o f cells starting a t a d d r em 456,222? ~ The RAM then respondswith two characters (or two bytes, in computer jargon). 16-bit RAM doubles the speed since the RAM can fetch two bytes just as fast as 8-bit RAM can fetch one. You don't get quite double the speed, because often the CPU only wants to read orstore one byte.The SX machines use I&bit RAM, just like the 80286 AT. The 80586 machines usually use 52-bit RAM. They can fetch 4 bytes at a time. However, they rarely get a chance to

strut their stufF and end up most of the time just fetching 2 bytes at a time. The classic AT bus only has 16 wires for data. This means an 80586 would have to re-

sort to 16.bit fetching if the memory were on the bus. To work properly it needs 52 wires.

$2-bit RAM Using 52-bit RAM requires redesigning the bus. The MCA and EISA buses are two ways of adding the extra 16 data

wires. Designing a new bus involves politics since, ideally, all computer and board manufacturers must agree. In the meantime, each manufacturer designed his own private 52-bit bus — all difFerent, all incompatible. The 52-bitmemory fit on the little proprietary 52-bit bus, and the rest of the cards lit on the dassic 16-bit

bus. Whyam I telling you all this? To warn you thatyou may find itdifIicultin future to buy additional 52-bit memory to 6t in

any 80586 machinevou buy today since it is all os a - k ind design. You will be able to add extra 16-bit RAM, but not the

higher speed 52-bit RAM. You would be wise to buy the extra 52-bitmemorycards now, even if you do not fill them with RAM chips.

EISA vs. MCA bus The EISA and MCA 80586 machines do not have a problem adding 52-bit RAM since they use standard (but differentt) 52-bit buses. EISA machines are just becoming available. MCA is incompatible with the classic AT bus, so if you go that route, you cannot use ordinary add-

in cards; everything must be MCA. IBM patented the MCA bus, which has held it back from becomirig an accepted standard. The only other major manufacturer to license the MCA bus is Tandy (Radio Shack) . Patenting means that the MCA computers and cards are expensive.

I have been lobbying to have patent law changed. I believe no patent should ever begranted on anything remotely resembling an interface.

Expanded vs. Extended Once you havefi lled up your 640K of ordinary conventional RAM, there are

two methods of adding extra RAM: expanded and extended. The names are so similar that even professionals often get them confused.

Expanded RAM In an XT, you have a maximum of 640K What if you want more? Intel and IBM designed the 8088 and XT circa 1980 when 640K seemed ridiculously large. They left no room for expansion. For example, there are not enough bus wires to address the extra memoxy because all possible patterns of 20eddress wires in the XT bus are already assigned. Even if we added extsn wires, there are not enough pins on the 8088 chip. Lotus, Intel and Microsoft got together to invent an inelegant way out of this

Tha Computer Paper I July ' 8 $

•

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St t docketed for that chip.

box. The solution has many names: LIM (for LotusIntelMicrosoft),multi-banked, expanded, EMM or EMS RAM. Expanded RAM is fastand reasonably easyfor programmers touse. Itisnot the same as conventional memory, so, in general, you cannot run program int.i Spreadsheets can overflow into it. Diskcaching programs can use it. Ventura can overflow documents into it. It lets the CPU have a peek through a window onto a small part of the whole expanded RAM. Whenever the CPU wants to see a diKerent part of the expanded RAM, the CPU mustfirst send a command to special mapping registers to switch the view. More precisely, the CPU can access only four rfiKerent 16K banks at a time of the entire 52-MB expanded RAM. Expanded RAM makes the conventional RAM seem fatter. You cram more information into the same 640K of addresses. Think o"Fat RAM is expanded RAM"'toavoidconfusionwithextended

RAM. There are three kinds of expanded RAM. EMS 5.2 is the original specification thatallowsupto 8MBofextraRAM. AST (themakersof theRamPageboard) thenextended thespecification toEEMS. Then the LIM group extended it in a slightly diKerentway toEMS4.0 to allow 52 MB. You are probably safest going with EMS 4.0. All expanded RAM is totally useless under OS/2 and Unix.

Extended RAM When DOS first aune out, Intel thought it was a sto~p until a "real" operatingsystemarrived. Theydesigned the RAM ofthe 80286and 80856not for DOSatall. The &0286hasa 16MB limit, about 25 times as much RAM as DOS allows. People often buy this extended RAM in hopes the promised operating

system wimsoon appear, or s™ply be-

cause they did not understand how useless extended RAM is under DOS. Disk cachers are the only programs that can use extended RAM eKectively. Extended RAMismemoryoutpast the 1-MB address limit. The memory is stretchedoutwithextraaddresses. Think o"Stretched out past 1-MB RAM is extended RAM~ to avoid confusing (long and skinny) extended ram with (short and fat) expanded RAM. You cannothave extended RAMonan XT. Only the AT has the necessary 4 extra addressing wires on the bus to allow addressing of 16 MB of RAM directly. Unfortunately,theextendedRAM is inaccessible when the CPU is in real mode running DOS. Extended RAM is onlyaccessible when the CPU isrunning in protected (OS/2) mode. Unscrupulous dealers sometimes sell XT computers with more than 640K. This "extended" RAM on the XT is totallyuseless. Onlyexpanded RAM can be used on the XT. Even onanAT,extendedRAMisalmost worthless because the 80286has tomini-

reboot every time it accesses extended RAM. This takes a fewmilliseconds. One millisecond, one thousandth of a second, is an eternity by computer stand ds. There are programs that make extended RAM pretend to be expanded RAM. Because of the reboot goofiness, they run very slowly. In addition, they chew up conventional RAM by simulating the windows into expanded RAM. Happily, the 80586andSXdonothave these problems with extended RAM. Further, they have two features called virtual mode and memorymapping that allow the 80586 to use extended RAM under DOS with just as much ease as expanded RAM.

AC/DC RAM The best kind of RAM has a dual personality. Itwillbehaveasexpanded RAM now under DOS, but allow you the option of turning it into extended RAM later shouldyou switch to Unix or OS/2. Many of the newest clones (using the Chips and Technologies chip set) oKer you this choice even with the memoryon themotherboard. Intel'sadd-inmemosy card, the Aboveboard, also givesyou this option plus the option of running in an 8-bit XT or a 16-bit AT.

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Extended vs. Expanded RAM Confused? Here is the bottom line. For DOS and the XT and AT, use expanded RAM, not extended. Forthe 80586 and SX, use extended not expanded. Forfuture use under OS/2 or Unix, be sure your expanded RAM can be converted to extended.

Wait States Today' s CPU chipsaresofast the RAM chips cannot keep up with them. The computer designer has two choices. He can use more expensive, faster memory that can keep up, or he can use slower memory and then give the memory one extsaclockcycle'sworthoftimetoregurgitate the desired data. If the memory needs one extra clock cycle, we call it 1wait state memory. If it can keep up, we call it(4hmt state memory. Why all this concern aboutwaitstates? According to Clif (yes, one "f") Purkiser atIntel, each additionalwaitstate on the 80586representsa209oto24% performance degradation.However, from my ownexperiments, Ihavefoundwaitstates are not quite so crucial in 80286 machines. For the 80586, the theoreticallyfastest read from RAM takes two clock cycles. Only the fastest, most incredibly expensivestaticRAMcouldeverkeepup. There are no80586 machines with 0-waitstates for sale. But,you can lookin any newspaper or . magazine and see hundreds advertised! What theymean is that "sometimes", the computer attains 0- wait states, but not

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There are two hnds of RAM chips, static and dynamic. Dynamic sounds better than static, but it isn' t. Dynamic RAM is much cheaper and more compact which is why it is much more common. 10- nanosecond dynamic RAM has to "rest" foran additional90nanoseconds before it is ready to do another read. It needs time to "precharge." Static RAM is ready to go immediately. Dynamic RAM needsan electronic slap in the face every 2 milliseconds to keep it alert. Without this re&esh, it forgets everything. Tahng time out to re&esh the DRAM results in a 5-7% performance degradatioq. Unfortunately, you cannotsimply pull out your. slow DRAM chips and replace them with faster DRAMS or SRAMS. To exploitfitsterDRAMS, the clockspeed or number of wait states must be also changed. ToexploitSRAMS, you would have to completely redesign your computersince SRAMS do not need re&eshing or precLirging.

do not do so welL Benchmark programs, such as Norton SI, because they are so small, float into cache and attain 100% hit rates. This is why they are biased unfiiirly in favour ef cached machines. Just in case you did not notice, caching, with 0.1 wait states, is the most effective method of using slow RAM. To make life complicated, there. are several kinds of caching..All else being equal, delayed posting (also known as delayed write) is better thaa writethrough and 2may associative is better than direct-mapped. The bigger the cache, the faster it runs. In other words, 64 KB caching is better than 52 KB. However, there is a point of diminishing returns. In a 1-MB DRAM system, 128KB of SRAM cache,though twice as expensive as 64 KB, will run only a little fiister.

Adding RAlN

It is not too difficult to buy RAM chips and insert them yourself. Read the manuals, because sometimes you need differentkindsofchipsatdifferentplaces on the motherboard. One Year Warranty If there is no way of getting a manual, Four-Way Interleave Full Satiefaetlon or Money Back The leastwffective method to avoid . there is still hope. Write down the part ISII Avis A amlllEISD TINPBWIK OF IWSNI1IOIQL allsiNNS INOsNES COlip. numbers on the existing RAM chips. wait states on slow RAM is four-wayinterThen, buy some with the same numbers. leave. This means RAM is divided into Usually there is no need foryou tounderfour groups. The first 52 bits of RAM are stand the specifications. You have about inbank0, thenextinbankl, thenextin a 75% chance of success. bank 2, the nextin bank 5, then the next Ifyou have a deeper understanding of are in bank 0 again. While the CPU is RAM addressing, you have a better using bank 0, banks 1, '2 and 5 can be chance of success. Often 256Kchips cover resting, getting precharged. If the next the first 512K, and 128K chips cover the access is to bank 2, then the CPU need next 128K taking you to 640K. Then 1 not wait for precharge. If the next access 5 Build your own computer Loglcom AT-288 MB chips cover the RAM above 1 MB. is to bank 0 again, then it must wait. At Universal Technohgy Inc., we have all the computerparts to enabls you tobuild So, on average, 5 out of 4 times you Other times 1-MB chips cover the first or leee it for our own system. don't have to wait and 1 out of 4 times 640K, with the extra 584K remapped ea per mone • motherboards you do. The odds are often better than . above 1 MB as extended RAM or tumed Loglcom XT • memory ehi into expanded RAM. this because of the interleaving. If the • Golage XT ................$848.00 er su ies • If you phone a company such as LCH Business XT...........$1,840.00 CPU examines cells sequentially, e.g. as Loeham Cusloiiwede Cables d controller cards Resources that specializes in RAM chips, 9910, then 9911 then 9912 etc. each cell • hercules videocaitfa Syalam wananty. they will be able to find you equivalents would be in a differentbank, resulting in . floppy diskette drives 1 year pea and hbor warranty. if the originals are not available. Itissafe no waits ever. If we more realistically • hard drives Flue assistance inparts aelecdng to use chips rated faster than required, assume 5 out of 4 hits, this would average • hilh reL monitors Freeence on system assembling. • prlntels modems - eut to.25waitstates, which the advertis- but they won' t make your computer run 5 years experienc on tschnhal supports any faster. ing people tend to round off to 0. When you insert the chips, you must Page Mode take the standard precautions= against Another technique to avoid wait states • 1IN Modem 1iistsal . .. . . $$ LI S • 101 Eak twybo anlsill cover... =.$8LOO damaging them with static electricity. Be • 18NS Modsm ~ . . OI2LOO . • Peds¹ Belllfssilor....... . . ..Sl 16.OO when you use slow RAM, is to divide the careful to align all the legs before prem • ?ANB Modem hlamal ....$161.0l • ~ E6A lfssitor.. . AS .OO RAMinto hundredsoflittlegroups called • BOOBModemExtwnal. ing the chip into the socket. Make sure . $28LN • EQlaml... ... .. . . . . . . . .. Q28.N pages. This RAM, for reasons too com• WadPefstt V.5. .. QSS . N • R ane NN pric. . . . .... . . . . .g 85.N the notch is aligned the same way as the plex to explain here, works ofasteru if existing chips. • Seegate8NBlhnlhie.= ..gSLN • l f wbisHLayhp Q68S.OO you access the same page twice in a row. Ifyou do not fully populateyourboard, • Seayde4NBHanl hiyo. .. I SI S .N • RLLOanl11..... . . ....AN.OO This is the exact opposite of the way ' TQcuuee = .— m u ' tsmwevtlurllr. . . . . . - uu u you will need to study the manuals to interleave works. If the CPU accesses the • TBcauree . . ..= .. m u • Ihus aNla0r.ee. = = . rice know which rows to fill up first. You will 'ging g kI N M NI ~ w e same page twice in row, the second time 19C18$ IIOQ ~ I w~ • TEAG1ANBhgy . .. . NOL A N • PlhllsrGsNs... .5S% it does not have to wait as long. There is likely have to set some switches or jumpers to tell the board how much RAM you also a rarer variant of page mode called installed. 111 Kaet llh Ave at Main, VIlaouver, LC„VST1R7 (M4) 87IHR7$ static column. Page mode sounds as Normally chips come in banks of nine. though it would be ahnost useless; howThere are 8 bits per character plus one ever,computer programs often spend extra bit called the parity bit. The parity 90% of their time en just a few pages of bit is a sort of watchdog/auditor on the RAM. The ad men dishonestly presume other 8 to make sure they are all functhat the program spends all its time in tioning properly. It keeps track of one of the pages and claim 0 wait stateL whether there are supposed to be an Interleaveand page mode can be used even or odd number of ones in the other together. They complement each other eight bits. welL Such a system may in real life averSometimes chips come in groups of age .16 wait states. three. There are two 44it wide chips for

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Caching

Static RAM is too expensive to use for the main RAM. The fiistestsystem use a small amount of it, 52K (52,768 bytes). The cache hardware keeps duplicate copies ef the most commonly used RAM cells in the static RAM. When the CPU asks for the contents of an address, both the RAM and the cache race to grant the request If the value desired is in the cache, the whole read can be done quickly, with nowaits. Ifitis not,you have to wait for the slow dynamic RAM. Vendors daim 80% to 90% hit rates en the cache. Thismeans they are averaging about 0.1 wait states. Again the ad men round this off to 0. Somefimes the dynamic RAM is soslow it takes two or more wait states on a miss, which drags the average down even further. The actual hit rate depends heavily on the program. Scientific calculations at-

tain high hit rates. Databaseprograms

the normal 8-bit data and one 1-bit wide

chip for the parity. Often there are two banks of 256Kchips and one bank of64K chips to make up the 640K of conventional RAM. AAer you install your RAM, you must test it for several hours with a program such as IBM's Advanced Diagnostics.

Volatile Pricing It is only a slight exaggeration to say you must determine the price of RAM in the hour beforeyou buy it.The prices rise and fitll crazily day by day. Some people buy and sell RAM chips speculatively the way others bet on horses. Why are the prices so volatile? Fluctuations in the overall balance of trade be-

tween Canada,Japan and the USAcauses

the currencies to shift in value relative to one another. This is one factor. This still does not account for all the fluctuation. One controversial theory

The comyister paper I Juiy '8 9 explains it this way: There are only a handful of coin psnies that manufacture RAM. Most of the cost of RAM is in developing the Grst one. Thereafter the assembly line churns them out like pop. corn. Only when you have at least 26 suppliers of an item do you have a true free market. The few manufacturers informally cooperate to maximize pro6t by creating ar66cial shortages. When they are successful, the price skyrockets. Then the temptation is to break ranks,

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flood the market and grab a large market

I answer quesdons for athers on my areas of expertise. The information gathering and proofreading'for this article was a collaborative effort by the members of the BIX cpus/int86conference who go by these handles:billn, bomb, ccolvin, drifkind, intel, irae, johnf, morlock, mslater, rfoxmich, rlimebert, tmarshall, twagner and others I inadvertently left

share. This sends the price down. Debates rage on the BIX electronic conference chips/RAM about the causes of pricevolatility. Authors there will assure you I am all wet.

SIMhfs A SIMM (S ingle In-line Me mory Module) is a little carrier board that

I found awonderfulway to talk directly to the people who design the integrated circuits or who use these chips to design new computers. I talk daily with the authors of the sr tides in Byte and PC Tech Magazine. They were more than willing to answer att my questions. How did I do i' I simply signed uponBIX (Byte Information eXchange). I use a modem ta leave my quesdons, and then check back

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usually holds 256Kor 1 MB of RAM. This miniature circuit board then plugs into the motherboard or aRAM board using an edgeconnector.SIPS arelikeSIMMS except they have pins instead of an edge connector. SIPS hang out at an angle like shingles on the wall of an old house. SIMMs cost more than the equivalent chips since someone has to build the carriers and attach the low-pro6le surfacemountchips. Whybotherwith them? Because the SIMMs are mounted on edge, more memory can be crammed into the same board area In theory, different types of RAM chip could beused tocreateastandardSIMM, which wouldgive a inanufacturer more Gexibility in adding RAM ta an existing design. However, in practice, because of tight space limitations, 1-MB SIMMs cannot be made with chips smaller than 1 MB.

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26 The Computer papaw IJuly 'SS

The "Electremc Cottage Ekdnuuic refers to computers, telephones, answering machines, fax madnnes and other electronic equipment thatisused to produce work Cogagarefersto the home â&#x20AC;&#x201D; colegaindushy is the term for hone-based work or business. The advent of electronic equipment makes it possible for much of today' s work to be done in your own home.It' s not necessary to travel to a downtown office in order to use a desktop computer or a telephone. Making money with your home computer is a growing trend. More than 25 million Americans tiow work kom home and about half of them own computers. This isaccording to a198'7 surveyby Link Resources, a New York-based electronic researchfirm. The study projected that an additional 2 million people would be working from home by the end of 1988.

::.'(Aj(I. 4

That brings the number of electronic cottagers to more than 12 million people worhng in their home offices with computers. About 10 million home-based workers areentrepreneurswithbusinessesof their own. Many ofthem have discovered how to turn their PC's into "Money Machines" in full-time or part-time businesses. %Ms is the exciting newworld you will meet in this handbook. Another 15 million home workers are employees who take their jobs home &om one to five days a week These are the pioneers of a flexible new work option called telecommuting. In manyways, telecommuters have theircake and can

eat it, too.They have the security of a pay checkand the flexibility of the entrepreneur in having more control of their lives.

Jobs At Home Before launching into the headyworld of the entrepreneur, let's take a closer look athow you can have a regularjob and shll enjoy the benefits of working in the electronic rottage. Here are the current opportunities for jobs at home.

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Telecommuting Telecommutens are people who work &om home either part or full time (1 to 5 days per week) and who are salaried employees with regular benefits. Using the home (or a near-homesatellite office) as a worksiteis the only difference between the telecommuter andanyother

employee. The word tsiscoaimuliytg wascoined by Jack Niiles in 19V2. Tdc refers to telecommunications technologyand anaiauting refers tothe daily trip to work. The word literally means using telecommunications technology such as the telephone or modem to work from home instead of c o mmuting t o a c e n t ral

worksite by car, bus or train. Jobs done by telecommutera are just about any kind of information work. These are just a few examples of the manyjobs that can be telecommuted.

programming management, supervision law work

buymg graphic art brokering (information, stockand real estate) word processing data entry, processing analysis journalism writmg daims processing, adjustment research medical advising civil service planning politics sales foreign-language translation Compauiea with teleeommuteaa, Over 15 nullion employees are in telecommuting on some level today. And the number is now expected to reach Su

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beyondthe 15 million thatwasoriginally predicted to be telecommuung by the end of the century. A few of the companies using telecommuting indude: IBM AT8cT PacificBeH Computerland Control Data Honeywell Rising Star Industries Citibank Digital Equipment JC Penney New York Life Am Express Crum Sc Forster Equita b le Life Montgomery Ward Bel l -South Blue Cross/Blue Shield

Gov't Telecommuting The State of C alifornia h as over 200

e mployees telecommuting in a p i l o t project. The New York Port Authority has used telecommu ting for a number of

years.The city of Los Angeles is fighting

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20 Th e Corupuaer Paper. I July 'Se

54,:., CO, ...,,, RS

Telecommuter at home office 2 to 3 days per week.

' ESS

who have worked out theseanangements individually with their employers. These steps indude: 1. Chek ywo job duirtictsyistim, See what tasks can be done &om home. Look for tasks that can be grouped and that

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central office. 2. C4cA yaur ousi pemonaSty. See if working &om home is a good idea. Not everyone is cut out to work at home. 5. Makeprepmntionsathome. Find work space and arrange work schedules with others in your household. Be sure your family is willing to accommodate your working at home. 4. Make preparations at the Arrange for scheduling, work flow and

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backlash of disgruntled co-workers who might sabotage your effort. 5. Set «p special situaaon Teorkwtkome days. Look for a few strategic times when your willingness to work at home will help the company out of a pinch. Offer to take work home when there is more work than the regular staff can handle, when there are rushjobs thatput regular work behind or when you would have to miss a day of work to care for a sick child. This will give you an idea of how well telecommutingis suited for you andyour job. Don't let this test last too long. It could backfire and become away to work overtime without benefit of pay. 6. Approachtheboeeabouta rsmehsr triaL Your boss will already know about your

special workout-home days. Now is the time to see if you can make telecom-

muting a regular part of the work schedule. Talk about success of your trials and the advantages to the company. Find a chronic problem atyour once and show how telecommuting can help provide a solution. It may take some time to get your idea accepted, so don't give up with the first "no."

OI 0

nies prefer to use employees they already kilow welL A good way to become a telecommuter is to begin as a regular onsite employee and look for opportunities to telecommute, using the six steps provided above. It is a process that takes time.

Work schedules You should also realize that although some telecommuters work from home five days a week, most do not. They usually spend some time during the week at the central office. Three days at home and two days at the central o8ice during the week is more likely to be the schedule. These kinds of arrangements can provide the best of both worlds — the social energy of the central office and the concentration and convenience of the home office.

RESOURCES

Put Wmk in Its P/ace &peyiment. Ask for an experimental telecommuting trial onregularwork days. How to IkdesignyourJob to Fit your Life An experimen twill makeyour boss more Bruce O' Hara comfortable. Itwill alleviate fears of being Work Well Publications stampeded by a horde of workers who all Suite 521 - 620 View Street Victoria, B.C. want to telecommute. Begin with one day a month or one day every two weeks Canada V8W IJ6 and work up to once a week and then $12.95 US postpaid twice a week or more as telecommuting The One Minute Commuter becomesmore comfortableforyour boss How to Eeep yourJob and Stay at Home and co-workers. Make it easy for your ' Fleming, LTD ss to.say "yes." P.O. Box 1758 Davis,' CA 9561 7-1788 $9.95 postpaid How can you find a new job Lia Homing isa tekcommuting cmancltin which to telecommute? ant, educator and TeyitecSheservedasExecuHow can you convince your Right now you probably can't Compative Director fothe Association foElectyenic boss to leiyou telecommute? Cottage on ComPuServeand is author of There are six steps used by employees handbooks and newsktteysfor PeoPk who Tvopih Pomhome urith comPuters. This aytick TvasexcelPtedPow her book Making Money The Top Ten. Over 500 members of the Association of Electronic Cottagers With Fmcr Howe Computer avaihbkQ mail participated in a survey I conducted as executive director of the association. Members order for $9 U.S. PmeElenung, Ltd., PO Box 1738Davis, CANS17-1738 listed their computer businesses and the ten most popular and successful becaine '

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put its stamp of approval on telecommuting, the process of doing creative corporate work from home. Last time it was Sendai,Japan. This time it was the State of Washington, which brought togetherhundreds of corporate executives to hear Governor Booth Gardner

Continues on page 41

The Computer Paper I July '$ $

The Home Office From

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In the early-morning darkness I picked my waythrough the sleeperson my lining-room poor to thedesh. I slid theJoppyin thedrioe and booted upthetenyearwld Appiell. Within minutesI was printing out a manuscript on the daisy-wheel pnnter, which phscedeach charrscteron with anintensityrsnparsdleledby the cmnmon jackhammer. 7ysr sleepersawoke,sat rsp,groaned and thensank beck into their sleepingbags. I mrsst admit I rehfdtoindicated tiusswho cramped orsr tiny basementsuite during Expo summer when I first started a businessout of my home I had unwittingly created a Hame Office from Hell. The inadequacies ef the work area were: the lighting was nonex-

thepa ge

whs ledistrsrbingthesersoe

istent, the steno chair had a broken hack, the desk was only student<ized, the printer was on a low coffee-table so I had to getup from my chair and lean over to

load one page at a time, and no, there was noextra table to do proofreading or paste-up on. The only thing good about the suite was that it had a street-level

separate entrance. My equipmentwas meagre; an ancient Apple II+ machine that at first didn' t even have an eigh~ olumn card. Its monitor was an old bhtck-and-white TV that I had to keep whacking on the side as it would go fuzzy every time the Dunbar bus went by. The Roland printer gave excellent output and this was pre24-pin technology, so I had to endure the slowness of 17 characters/second and the lack of a bin<beet feeder. I used our residential number as eur business phone, but I didn't have an answering-

But my summer of workaholic hours, crowded out by guests, eye strain, exhaustion andnervoussobbing could have been avoided if I had properly set up my work area and set down some rules of operation. Now, I am in a small office only ablock away from my home, but if the time ever comes for me to move the office home I will take advantage of the structure, professianalism, and technology ofan outmf-home office. Technology, especially, hasmadeitpossible in the past few years for a home office to have all the goodies that the big companies use in a compact low-cost version, without the need to install extra

toget simple

than flat on the desk The actual inven-

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machine te turn on when I left the house

or for a&er-business hours. My software for word«processing was a prehistoric specimen which belied its name, SuperText.SuperText's manual read mare like the programmer's notes to himself. SuperText could only take IQ pages oftext per fi le,needed complicated control codes formatting like underlining or bold and had no spell-checker. By putting in 14-hour days I managed to compensate for the deficient equipment and produce a quality product. But the toll an my body and.mind were substantial. The only comfort I get was when the lynnGi document holder arrived and cured the stiffness in my neck by having the copy at eyelevel, rather

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Computers The computer is the center of a home business, as it will allow you te cempete with larger businesses by giving yeu the tool to do the work of many. Home offices have the advantage of being selfmotivated, so they squeeze a lot more work out of their machines than mere employees would. Purchasingacomputershould be done only after the software is decided upon.

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publishing programs, require the additional memory of a har&lrive than say a simple multipi~pplication program like Microsoft Works that mn run easily off an XT with two floppies. Get the right toolforyour job, but you needn't overspend. alistofhardware requirements, so if you wanted to run a large word-processing package like

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SO aha Caruputar paper I July '89 ' Microsoft Word for the PC it will tell you thatyou need atleastan MS-DOS or OS/ 2 computer with a minimum of 584K, a hardWsk drive, or a minimum of two Soppy drives,and a Hercules Graphics Card, Hercules Plus Card, etc., and a monochrome monitor. It's a good idea to bring along your software to test it on a potential computer, though most computers are reliablewhenitcomestocompatibility these dayL When we purchased our AT we brought along a disk to boot Xenix, and Found that two out of the dozen or so systems we tried couldn't run this progaun. There are also analysis programs like the one &om Norton that you can run on thecomputers to compare performance. Consider your needs when investing in hardware and the software to drive it. Will you be doing a large volume of work? Will you be doing mainly word-

processing? CAD?

spread sheets

? or using the computer mainly to administrate.your home office, such as taking mail orders, bookkeeping? or to promote your company with desktop publishing? Comparisondonesandnamebrandsalike and don'tleave a storewithout a price list, so you can compare the computersfeature for feature. Don' tbe a&aid to ask for a better deal. The market is very competitive. Independent stores buy componettts and assemble them themselves. The partsare more or lessthesame, however, the skill of the assembler may make one computer more reliableand trouble-&ee than another. Have the salesderk open up the computer and immediately you appear to beaknowledgeable consumer. With the top off the co mputeryou shoul see components and wires neatly tucked away with good solid connections. I

shop for

didn't know what I was looking for when we got them to pry the machines open, butwhen I sawa mass ofwire snakingout &om one of the machines and the boards awkwardly jammed in, I knew it didn' t look right.

Telephone Of all the mistakes I made, the worst were not having a separate business hne and nothaving an answering machine. I received calls around the dock &omcustomers, some of whom had a craving to get some word~rocessing done at midnight; I was a war@processing service nota pizza parlour. You have to be tough with customers to get them to respect home of6ce hours, turn on that machine at 5:00 p.m.; be inaccessible after hours. Also, I could never leave my home to pick up supplies without worrying about missing calls. The ideal would be a separate line for

Networks Made Easy

your business, equipped with an answering machine, especially if other members ofyour family need to use the phone. A bonus is thatyou geta free listing in the Yellow Pages and the Pink Pages with a business number. Phone companies offer services such as call-waiting and call-forwarding if you choose to stick with your existing number, but these chargescan quicmy add up to the price of another line. The telephone company can give you information about installing a WATS line for you, if you need a toS-&ee number for clients to reach you at. A fl a l ternative would be to have a special communications board in your computer like the Watson VIS Combo, that can make sophisticated messages like, "If you are calling about our rates, press Ol,-if you are calling to book an appointment press 4R, or if you would like to leave a message press 45 on your phone." People won't know if they' re calling a company the size of IBM, or a sole proprietor in the basement of their parents' house. You need to invest in a good businessquahty telephone, preferably one which has a mute or a hold button. Most phones now come with some memory for speedWaling keysand redial keys. I'm planning on buyinga headset for my phone, as I Snd I spendmuch of my time on the phone and get &ustrated because I need my hands &ee forkeying. A modem can be used over an ordinary telephone line to get computers to talk to. each other -just another useful telecommunications tooL Celluhr technology offers the advantage of mobility. Some businesses like real estateagents or repair services operate solely out of a vehide equipped with a cellular phone, and perhaps a laptop computer. It is a cheap, uncomplicated choice aver radio dispatch.

With all the progress in telecommunications, however, it is still the voice that is the most important communicator. Many people treat the telephone as an interruption and this can come across to

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Personal Copiers Personal copiers the size of an Apple LaserWriter are now available. The cost of the copiers is kept low because of a moving platen, rather than the costlier stationary platen. Having a photocopier

inyour home isamat terofconvenience rather than costwutting, though if you are doing a lot of copies it will save you money. You have to look at the time it

The Ceaiputer paper I July 8 0

saves you from driving, or in my case walking toa copy center. The convenience of an on-site copier is also much appreciated by your clients, even if they have topay more per copy than a large copy center would charge. For example, we have in our little office the Sharp Z50, purchased for under $800, that produces impressive copies comparable to very expensive full-size copiers. The copier also takes bonded papers, has a manual bypass, optional toner colors, and an exposurecontrol. The only space consideration we had to make was moving a potted plant for the moving platen to have room. When purchasing a personal copier, you should consider the duty or number of copies per week, the size ofpaper you will be using, color, if you need more sophisticated features like reduction/enlargement. There aremany excellent personal copiers on the marketnow &om companies such as Toshiba, Xerox, Sharp, and Canon. For large quantities ofcopyingyouwould wanttogoto a copy center, as personal copiers are not speed demons, but since we got our copier last year, we haven't used an outside service.

Manylargecompaniesand dientshave come to rely upon the facsimile machine, which sends a photocopy image of a document over the phone line. The combination FAXphone makes it unnecessary to install a dedicated line, for the FAX, as it can be used as a regular phone when not receiving or sending FAXes. Ifyou need to consultwith clients across town or across the world, the FAX is the quickest way to get a document into their hands. Good~uality fax machines are avail-

able &om a number of suppliers. A reasonably full-featured fax, the Raven fax

f'rom Roland sells locally for under

$1,700. The Murata M-1 fax with fewer frillscan be purchased from just under

$1,000.

If you need the FAX only occasionally

then there are many places that offer a

public FAX, but more than a$100/month in FAXbillsmightmake you consider becoming a FAX owner. And like all of the items mentioned in this article, FAXES can be bought or leased through a payment plan at many stores.

S.O.S. Nowyou know that a business line and a telephoneensweringmachine can give your business professional polish, and keep your private and business life separated under dose quarters. Unfortunately, there's nothing you can do to stop a customer &om tapping on your windows at 1:00 a.m. demanding your attention, except to ignore him. The Computer Paperoffers the home office a free source of computer news, products, software and hardware reviews, detailed advice on purchasing equipm ent, and acalendar of events.Forideas on marketing, administration, contracts,

etc. there are many useful books put out by Self-Counsel Press. I'd recommend Start and Run a Pro f itable CorLnslti ng Business. Also, I used many issues of the magazineFamily &" HomeOttiee Computingasa source for this article, and found that it was wealth of common<ense and special interest artides for the homeofficecomputer user. Your hardware and software dealer can help you with support, as they have a direct number to manufacturers through which they can get the answer to any question they can't answer themselves. Don't put up with shoddy service or equipment;haveitreplaced. There'sno

reason to u pt upw ith a keyboard that has

keys that stick, a mouse that goes berserk

if you so much as breathe on it, or a

program with a bug in it. Take advantage of outside help ifyou're an inside-the-home worker. If you expect that you will be receiving clients in your home office, you need maid service once aweek to keep your home looking It was a constant strain for me to keep the house spotlem, and work around the clock. Also, you can't be expected to assume full child~re duties, as well as a full-time business, so a rrange day-care, or child~ e i n t h e home for at least your best productive hours, i.e. morningsor afternoons. Don' t underestimate the helpfulness of friends and family. Cet suppliers to send catalogues and deliver orders, so you aren'twasting time running errands out of the home of5ce, but be prepared to buy in bulk quantities. Call around — some minimum orders are smaller than others. To preclude isolation and stagnation in the home oflice, join computer-users groups, attend events like the Vancouver Computer Sc Communications Show in November, or you can do what I do; enjoy the company of your dien ts. Customers are a major part of your life, get

presen table.

to know them a little bit, find out what

they' reup to,and in afriendly,warm way care about their weil-being. Not onlywill it help your business, it will help make you a better human being. Whether you are a new entrepreneur hoping to save on overhead while your new project gets off the ground, or a home-body content to work out of the home forever, I hope this will help you avoid the giant pit of the Home Office &om Hell andbecome a part ofa pleasant, rapidly growing trend.

Cathalynn Labontts-Smith is a freelance writer and partner in the

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32 T he Computer Paper I July '99

On-line Investing misprint. You can lose more money by tnisusing the information supplied online than you ever thought possible. By the same token you can seriously harm yourself by misusing a car. However, if your basic strategies are sound and you know how to use the information providedonline,youcan make more money. This artide will not go into strategies nor the proper use of information. That is the domain of the professional brokers,

'+ '-/jho w . gC

investment counsellors, and financial

Whether yorJdodl your busi nessPorayour home ogicc crjust slug your tpsy thrrrsgk Reeenric Canada's snnrisl dipinto thepublic tpslkf, youksoc fostsnagefinsncN. Whatcaer the scak, yorJ take sn acfiec Patt in

creatin g

uesftk In many casesthe net-uerfh PictureincfrirteraPorffefie ofstocks,bonds,or fu wads ruhich youhoPemill aPPrcciufcinsalas for sslong ss Possibk. Eocr consider taking a rsor~ctioc rcIc in managing yorir Probably. M%atfclkeus isa gFirspar at tpkst is aesilabk in the B.C. rsarkctplscc in the'way of on-lincinformsrsonPcm fkccircrtanges anrl, boursesfoNorth Arserica. In Real Estate the catch phrase you

Por tfolios

hear for determining a good investment is Location, Locationâ&#x20AC;&#x17E;Locafion. In stock market trading the phrase would be Timing, Timing, Timing. Whether you are anexperienced trader or new to the world of trading, your greatest asset to making decisions aboutyour investments is good, timely information. There is no better means for acquiring this information than with a computer. The potential for the individual investor to'exercise control over his portfolio takes a quantum leap forward if he/she uses one. Just think of it: you can. lose more

money than everbefore. That's not a

planners. It will tell you where you can get access to information that will make that quantum leap in controlling your own net worth possible. Is this about "program trading"? No. Whatfollows applies only to information you can process with your home computer. Fortunately for all of us, the public cannot execute trades from a PC at

home. The exchanges are not likely to allow it. Hopefully the security systems within brokerage houses are tight enough to prevent it.

Getting Quotations There are three principle carriers for quotation services in B.C.: TV cable, FM sidebands, and telephone lines,. The first of these is being exploited by two local vendors of data. Rogers Cable markets Xepress Information Services. At $24.95 per month (assuming the cable is already installed), it weighs in as the slimmest cost for current stock information. Rogers broadcasts information from SSeP's Market

Monitor on a 15-minute delay. This gives access to price information from all of the major North American stock exchanges. Also available are news wire

services from Business Wire to TASS (Russia) and Xinhua (China). The hardware requirements to run Xepress are an XT with 256K RAM and one &ee RS252 serial port or an Apple Ilc or IIe. For "real time" data there is Microstat's

Personal OMEN system. OMEN offers a waterfall display of trades as they are recorded &om the VSE and up-to-thmecond monitoring of selected stocks from any of the Canadian exchanges. With OMEN you can access bid/asked, high/ low, volume, change, block trade information and eventhe brokerage house involved. System requirements are an XT with 640K, one serial, and one parallel port 5.1 or higher. The cost includes a one-time charge for software and a monthly charge starting at $55.00 plus exchange fees. If Rogers cable were more widelyavailable, then the FM sideband carrier would only have one unique characteristic: a portable receiver. However, any location that can pick up the CFMI-FM signal clearly has access to the quotation information riding the sideband. Think of the sideband as an extra lane on a highway. CFMI-FM rents out the "extra lane" on their signal to @Data Systems of Vancouver.+Data uses it to carry "real time" stock quotations and news clips to their subscribers. The receiver (they start at $55 per month) has an LCD display and can track up to 50 securities in "real time." Enhancing the potential of @Data's system isStock-scan/Stock~ from Waymor Software. These products, sold through the Investor's Data Exchange, enable the user to track "real time" bid/ ask quotes from all Canadian exchanges on a PC. The full display of information found in more expensive systems is present in Stock-scan.Yet the PC terminal is still available to run other DOS applications while the +Data receiver silently

runningO @ S

captures information. Once the captured information is tapped, Stock-pro provides a multitude of user-selectable charting features for the technical trader. Stock-

scan/Sack-prorun on an XT with 256K RAM. HardMisk capacity is a factor since

INVE STORS DATA EX CHAN G

Waymor also provides historical infor-

mation (available on-line), that can be downloaded into Stock-profor 52-week charting and long-term trends. Pricing C

LEARN THROUGH THE EXPERIENCE OF OrHKRS Locafsxi on the IN8tnises Df HOGAN COMPUTERS, the Investors Data Exdtwn me can ptovide both the private and ptofessianal investor with a variety of stock quotation Irysfsmns and 8oftwaxe at very affordable prieea These invaluable tOO1S, PmdttCetI by the induStry'6 mOSt POPuIar

antI ptoven suppliers, are availaMe under one rDDf 8o that inveslots can easily select the syshgn, software, or service that Will beSt fulfill their SPeCial need8. At the Investors Data StdtanIe, emphasis is pIttced on Mucation, Training and Support. Not only do we pmvide mtm terti8e in data SyStemS, WePrOVide a fOrum fOr taPPing the ideas and resources of other investors through the IDX

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for the different modules flexes with the number purchased.

Seeing It All On the telephone linesyou can see italll; North American stocks; Options; Bellies in Chicago; Gold in London. All this and news you never dreamed was news:Barge movement and Hog Flashes; Poetry &om the Sandburg's of the on-line set. All for a price. At the inexpensive end of the scale is Hav-Info. Once you' re into Datapac their service costs $.29 per minute plus exchange fees. The offeringsof the four vendors below all have numerous variations and pricing structures. They require a dedicated phone line For access. Suffice it to say that the costs associated with their

personal investor packages run $500 per month and up. From Dataline comes PCQuota This software package works with data received on a dedicated phone line &om Dateline's Autodat and Broker Pages services. Also available is the full range of stock, option, and, futures information through Csnquofa Along with quotation information you can track a myriad of indicators and pick up strategies Rom the world of the traders. Telerate markets their information through CMQ Communications. In addition to sophisticated stock and option information through Quick Quote,CMQ provides access to DowJones News Retrieval for three months ofhistoricalclipL For the futures trader there is a gem called Churl 100. Star .Data provides Starrpsohr,an ex-

pandable data retrieval that will provide you with equities alone or the whole range ofpublidy traded investments from exchanges across the continent. All adjustmentsare arranged over the phone and Star Data provides up to a week of

training onmte. Sfarquofc'sdata is also available on-line via Datapac. The elder statesman of information services is Reuters. Their coverage is global and services start around $1000 per month. As the old adage goes, you get what you pay for.

Remote Alternative These three media for information aren'tviable for manyB.C. residentswho live outside ofVancouver. Unfortunately, private-investor access to satellite transmission ofquotationsis quite limited.All the data is up there; the trick is getting thedecoder.Foreign~change informationand futures markets can be tapped this way through CMQCommunications. Financial Databases

There are literally dozens of sources for business and financial information. Here are seven worth looking into. Fust is the Investors Data Exchange. Their on-line service for historical stock data compliments their combination of "real time" information and the software to

work with both. Madean Hunter, The Globe and Mail, and Southam all provide on-line services to compliment their print publications. FP On-line offers corporate surveys, dividend and bond information as well as who's who in Canada's top businesses. Infoglobe provides areadable, comprehensive package on Corporate Canada in addition to historical quotation information. They also offer stock and option evaluation

software. Southam's offering is markete through Infomart. In addition to North American quotation information on a fifteen minute delay, Infomart provides The ICC Canadian Corporate Database. More than half the listings in ICC are of privately held companies. Chart traders look into the ten year database of FRl Corporation. On the commodities side, chartists will love MarkctRoutrs from Grassroots I n for-

mation Services in Winnipeg. Both numeric (ASCII) and graphic information are available. CIWQ Communications Inc. - Vancouver (604) 6694033 Dateline Inc. - Varccuver (604) 684-2742 FP Online - Toronto, Ont (416) 596-5585 FRI Corporation - Toronlo, Ont. (416) 8624105 Graeeroote Information Services 1 (880) 6654302

Havdnfo - Vancouver

(604) 9804254 Info4ulobe - Vancouver (604) 685-1402 Infomart Online - Don Mills, Ont 1 (800) 26$8817 Investors Data Exchange - Vancouver (604) 688-7139Nlcroetat Development Corp. - Vancouver (604) 228-1612 QData Systems Ina - Vancouver (604) 681-2402 Star Data Systems Ino. - Vancouver (604) 6844641 X Prese - Rogers Cable TV - Vancouver (604) 733-1818 Ext 260

Bedford Plans Database Now that the ÂŤccounting portion of Bedford Software is in the hands of Com. puter Associates, what remains for the staffwho stay on? Acompany named Stratford Software and a project called "Suzy". Targeted for December 19&9, Suzy promises to be a database to rival Compuscwcor 77ic Smma Nested within uStcrf" will be

quotations from every exchange in North America, a variety of wire services and financial data. The well-informed investor will have a new and pcwerf'ul tool when "Susy" debuts.

The Computer Paper I July '89

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Personal computers themselves are a relatively new phenomenon, so it is not surprising that usedwomputers stores are rare locally. In the Lower Mainland there are only a few retail stores with any emphasis on used computers. TakeA-Byte Computers (112-11511 Bridgeport Road, Richmond 2762985) and Able Office Equipment (7%0 Edmonds, Burnaby 5224641) are two which handle used PCs. Able focuses on repossessed equipment, and Take-A-Byte offers consignment sales. Often though to find these dinosaurs of the recent past you must dig. But it's worth it. In an industry where the winds af change are gusting, many computers become obsolete long before theywear out. Whatnolonger serves the

needs of ane user, might suit another just fine. Used computersare affordable,— often there is a 50 to 75 percent depreciation as soon as they' re removed f'rom the store. But you don't want to buy someone else's troubleL Ifyou are anew, unsuspecting seconduser shopper, this artide should help you findyour heart's desire and recognize the lemons for what they are.

Where to Look Some of the more obvious places to start searching include The Buy and sell (listing some 60 or 70 used computers per week), the dashed ads of the dailies and The Cmapafar Paper,both for classifieds and listing of "User Groups" (including phone numbers in the back pages) which also have used~omputer swap meets. IBM shops like Superior (2554251) carryused computers but only a few ata time.For the bigger PC boneyards you should visit larger institutions like UBC (contact Vincent Grant at 228-2815). SFU has an annual surplus sale that includes some computers but unfortunately it was held earlier in the spring. (Next April call E.S. Shane at291-5256.) Once you've unearthed a computer you like,you need to know how to expose any possible gremlins and glitches. Getting a deal on a used computer that breaks down a week after you buy itis no deal at alL The process and considerations are much like buying a used car. Both are costly, servic~ri ented items that must

meet special needs.Buyers are on their own to determine whether the used machine is suitable and that its condi-

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tionand performance match the price. First figure out the hnd of computer you wantand whatone costs new. Aswith buying anything, an informed buyer will do much better than an uninformed buyer. Don't even consider purchasing a computer or peripheral thatdoesn'twork or is malfunctioning inanyway. Put the machine through its paces on the software course you intend to use. When buying a peripheral such as a disk drive, ' printer or monitor, be sure it's compatible with your computerbefore buying. This includes buying such items as spares. Never take the seller's word for it — always try it yourself.

Floppy Drives Inspect the floppyMisk drives. When possible, ask the seller to have the drive heads aligned and.the speed set. Failing that, have the alignment and speed

checked by a technician or software specifically made for this special function. This software is available — both commercially and publidyfor most Apples, IBM : fl® and comp a tibles, and CommodoreL Check the drive for loading . and rllnniilg programs and for files formatted and saved on adiff erent disk drive. Just judging from the seller's software and f i les •

doesn't determine whether the

drive is misaligned. Look closely at the drive light if there is one. Several fhckers when loading a simple file could mean that the drive is having trouble reading the file, a symptom of problems pending.

Hard Drives Beware of hard drives, since this technology has snawballed in the past few years. Earlier models were eight inches in diameter. They are tough to repair and tougher to replace.Leave them alone. Earlier drivesusuallyused conventional interfaces, making it impossible to interchange drives. Prior to purchase, try finding the drive manufacturer to see whether they' re still in business. If not, avoid it like the plague. Your best bets are drives designed by such manufacturers as lomega, Tallgrass and Seagate. Even with these models,

check hardMisk drives with utility progiains like Disk Technician, Mace Utilities or No rton U t i lities for standard

problems.

Monitors When buying computers with monitors, especially when they' re built in as

are the TRS40 line, pay special attention to the display. Leave iten for about a half hour and look for such symptoms as af thescreen; for flicker;and burned spots on the display tube face. Notice the brightnesa If adjustable, be sure it has a full spectrum af gradations. An unadjustable dim screen is a sign that either the power supply, video circuit or cathode-ray tube (CRT) is dying. Naw, turn off the monitor and look for indications of program displays burned into the CRT. This results from an image beirig kept on the screen so long that it' s burnt some of the phosphorus off the face of the CRT. When the monitor is not part of a single unit, change monitors. If the problem vanishes, the monitor is bad. If the problem remains, the computer is bad. Don't buy it.

narrow ing

Telltale Signs Like buying a used car, you should always look under the hood. These are the areas that tell the tale of a system about to fail: e Loose circuitboards thatcan'tbe tightly reseated. • Signs of over-heating or arcing as revealed by blackened wires,blackened spots on circuit boards, particularly close to cables, connectors and switches.

• Plating on plug-in circuit boards for wear and signs of arcing. • Any external cable that can't be removed and reinstalled easily and correctly. • Any screws for the cabinet and matching cables that are missing or don't fit

Tho Computer paper I July 'aa correctly. Request to test drive the computer for

a few daysat home before paying for it. written Failing that, request a

finny

guarantee that, should the system coh

lapse, you get refunded. With this guarantee, leave the computer on constantly for this period to allow trouble with overload and oxidation to surface. Oxidation occurs when a combination of moisture, salt and oxygen eats into the metal; rust is the most severe form of oxidation. The process weakens the electrical contact between the chips and the computer, and can cause intermittent failure, particularly aker the computer heats up and the sockets inside it expand. Overloading happens to computers that havemore cards and peripherals added than the power supply is capable of handling. Under these conditions, fanscan keep the computer from overheating but won't prevent the damage overloading causes to the power supply. For example, the original IBMPC power supplywasnotmade to handle the added burden of a hard~ d r ive. Extra cards in all the slotsmay also be more than the

power supply can carry. The perverse part of all this is that there's no visible way of detectmg this kmdof damage at thepointofpurchase. Leaving the computer on constantly for several days will expose inost problems caused by these conditions.

Maere's the Mlnuah Lastly,retrievingallmanuals,anyother instructional literature and documentation on the computer, is a must. Be sure you acquire the original operating system diskettes (not pirated software) and manuals, and any updates. It doesn't help to have a formatted hard disk with DOS 5.2 when all you have is DOS 2.0 to reformat, which came with the computer at the original purchase.

In cases where it has third-party floppy disks or hard drives, get the manufacturer's name, address and phone number. • 4

Pricing Possible Purchases Now, for the buyer's bottomline: fixing the price of used hardware. According to JefF Watts at Take-A-Byte, a good rule of thumb is thatyou shouldpay 50 to 75 percent of what the computer would cost new. This varies, since manufacturers introduce new lines that make old lines drop in price even when they aren't discontinuing the earlier models. This sometimes makes the orphans, or discontinued computers the best deals. Watts lists the slow, functional and outof~tyle Ietter~ ty p r inters for $150. Another good deal, he suggests, can be had in used Apple II dones, which sell

for $250. Where the used computer in question is an IBM or done, be sure that the cost does not exceed. new dones with equivalent equipment. A lot of excellentdones ' can be bought locally at rock bottom pr ice Vancouver is said to be the most competitive market in North America by some studies. This may go some way to explaining the shortage of people interestied in used computers. The flip side of this is that if you are buying used, the differencebetween a clone and a namebrand computer is usuallyonly$504100. When buyingfrom a dealer and they give you a warranty, be prepared to sometimes pay more — up to 75 percent of what the computer would cost new. The added price is for the warranty. This indudes the fact that the dealer has

(likely} repaired, realigned and recondi-

tioned the machine. The watchwords when browsing through this potentially treacherous technical terrain, are caution «nd fore-

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8 6 Th e computer paper/July '$ $

The Standard For The 1990's'? Trends allcl

Developments series oF columns on U NIXand open systems~ $ , . "

.' -

the recent developments and trends in the UNIX market. One of the trends that cannot be ignered is the

' .

. . ,

.pj,::„;;,'.

„Q: '. -;

' MS,DOS or OS/2 orm

(

*'---- -'= ' ~

'q ,"

'. 1~","

movement t o w ards UMX, even by companiesthatinthepasthave I I » a » same» a'o» o~ggs either ignoredUMX or >~i~ ' of ~< aor s P» ~ fo 44 P o shi PC actively opposedit..

Dell and Everex AMlomlce UNIX Machines Twocompaniesthathavemadeconsiderable amountsofmoneym the MS.DOS world, Everex and DeH, have both announced UNIX syst ms and support, Fverex hasgone so far as to include a ISC4,ased UMX workstation in their

es •

•s

Comtex 80386-20 MIIz Computer $2995.00 • 1 MS RAM, expandable to 8 MB ® 2QMHz, Q walt

• Panasonic 1.2 MS PDD ® Desktop model with full eight 'on slots • Clock/Calendar with battery ba -up • Parallel/Serial/Game ports ® 1Q1-key enhanced keyboard • ate ST251 4Q MS hard drive (4Q ms) • Am h i - res monitor with tilt swivel base

Comtex SF386 Sx 16 $2595.00 • 1 MS RAM, expandable to 2 MB • 16MHz, Q walt

• Panasonic 1.2 MS FDD + Baby AT case with 22Q watt power supply • Clock/Calendar with battery back-up ~ Parallel/Serial/Game ports ~ MI-hey keyboard • Seagate ST251 4Q MB hard drive iI4Q ms) • Aznber hi-res monitorwith tilt swivel base 0

S••

i e

cal user interface with mouse (OSF/

more available applicaffonswhile adher-

t ,n

(SCO) of Open Desk-

top (ODT). This is SCO's answer to OS/ 2 Extended Edition. O DT contains a multi~ g ker n e l (i.e. UNIX) designed for the %6 chiP that can run muldPle MS-DOS aPPlica-

particularly mtere Hng wh you consider that a company selHing around g500 miH'onworth ef M~OS

ter n as s the are co~

cfo s o 't Jolll

Another company, long known for its ambivalence ifnotdewnrighthostHity to UMX is Digital Equipment (DEC). Yet they have read the writing on the waH and announced earlier this year a RISC

•s

tinue toheatupwith the

uted SQI-relational database (Ingres), a distributed6le system andnetwerk (NFS and T~/I P ). and ~ r u n any o«v«a .+. ~ d xi ~ g~ NIX a n ~ ap , Plications. This delivers aH of the func-

dentthatslgnecant&esmllres~t.A d signi6cant to a company making $500M is a lot of UMX.

,:::::@ agrrr

s on enough to ~~ t

ing to OPen sf

d a r d s A H this and a

OS/2 EE at $880).

Unless one is inseparably tied te big

blue theattraction of OS/2quickty begins

Us government IllslstS On UNIX T his move towardsUNIX is not con-

based workstation that runs UNIX. Not only that, the machine cannot run VMS

fined t o the private sector. The US governm e n t has already made POSIXwem-

(DEC's ewn proprietary operating sys

pli a nce a requirement for most of its

tern) and delivers about four times the c om p u t er purchases. A spokesman for performance at less than twice the price the U S N a tional Institute of Standards of their VMS workstation. Even more and T e c h nologyestimatedlastyear that compellingistheadmission thatafuture the t o t al amount of outstanding cqm-

versien'of V1VlS will be POSIX complipute r procurement requests from the ant. (POSIX is the internaffonal stan- g o v ernment t hat specified U N I X dard ForUNIX.) Indeed, reports from a (POSIX) was over ten billion dollars. A DKCUSmeetingwhereabetaofthenext recent US AirForce procurement fer release of VMS was demonstrated indi2 5 , 000 systems speci6ed that 15fo were cate that the new VMS already includes t o run MS-DOS and859o to run UMX. many UMX-like features. Microsoft has S o we see that UNIX and its standard, also indicated that itisjoining the move P O S IX, are starting to attract serious towardsepensystemsandhasannounced a t t ention among the major computer that OS/2 will become POSIX compli- c o m p anies.Andnote: theworld's largest computer buyer is standardizing en ant. If DEC feels that market pressures are U N I X as its operating system of choicet such that it has to announce a UNIXI t a l soseems that the UNIXisbecoming only machine and make VMS UNIXav i a bleifnotsuperioralternaffvetoOS/ compatible, and Microsoftfeels that OS/

Ra n d o ne that demands the serious con-

2 must support UNIX software, then there can benodoubt thatUNIXwiHbe the dominant operating system interface into the next decade. But it seems that net onlywill UMXlikeoperatingsystemsdominate,UNIX

s i d eration of aH MIS and computing de p artments. The result will be more UN I X systems in commercial applications and mainstream computing. No long eris UMX an operating system St on l y f o r h ackers and programmers.

itself has a clear shot at the desktops of

Rat h e r, it is now poised to improve the

the world. efficiency of the general business comThe growing problems with MS-DOS m u n itysigni6cantly.NextmonthweshaH and OS/2 are easy to see. OS/2 is only d i scuss the emergence of reduced instarting to see its 6rst applications and s t ructionssetcomputers (RISC) and their yet it was designed for a chip (286) that r el a tionship with UNIX. If you have any wasinventedoversixyearsago. Itcannot t o p ics related to UNIX or open systems take advantage ef the 886 (over three t h a t youwouldlikecoveredhereIweuld yearsold) nor the recently announced urge you to contact me by FAX at 926. 486. So OS/2 is two chips behind. 8182 (or by leaving a message at 926UNIX, of ceurse,has been running on U M X ) the 286 and 586 since they were an-

nounced. This problem was dearly illus- George Pajarl is president of the UNIX tratedwiththerecentannouncementby co n sulting company Ciarendon Datex AutoCAD that theywere porting their L t d . and of Trainix, a company that product toUNIX (not because of any sp e cialises in UNIX training.(926-8649)

The Cecupurer paper I July '89 9 7

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emem r your irst ayatsc oo>

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Relisys, the Next Best Thing to Mom and Dad. Where can you turn for honest answers? To a company whose products have been rated "Best Buy" fromPC Wor1d and "Best In Its Class" byInfo%'orld. In fact, InfoWorld said that, "Because of the helpful technical support, Relisys earns a very good score."

Today, Choosinga Monitor is even Harder. Because of new graphics standards, you have to consider

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assn>hdhrn.... . . . . . . 7 20(ll) s 400(V). Ical (c40 (I I) s 4Ã0 (V), graphics 0. S I cllcll clccl pclcll Ilsndwidlh .. . . . . . . . . ( 5 Mt ts (al I .I dli) Noaglam. Iinlcd screen Ilisplsy Aes... . . . . . . I lorircmlal: 9.(c in (245mm) s Input Sipcsl .. . . . . . . V u lccv. Acvdccg Vertical: (c.c) in (17Snrm) Syae: I)Isplny Ccdurs... . . . . ( I nlimilccl vectors II: posicive, V: ucgacivv (ccucde I ) I'curer Supply . .. . . . . I IO VA('. As I lr:. I I: clcgcclcvc, V: lc ccs clcve (clcccde 2) I'ewer I'ensumplhm . . c)S walls nvvsimum I I: clc.'gcclcvc, V: clcgcclcvc (cclccdc.I) ('nhlnel 'I'ill/SWiVel . .. 5" up. 2(F'dOWn c)0" l«fl. right Input (:enncccter ... , . IS.pin I)-cype I' 8/2, analog Katernnl ('ccntruls ... . I'ower ou/ol'I switch. hrighlaess Scan I'relluency .. . . . . I lc>rirs>alai: I I.S klla contrast Vertical: SO I Iz (ncodc I ) Ilimenslena ... . . . . . . I l i ight: l4. t in (t(c2mm) Vcrlccal: fK)l Is(fnccclc2) Width: I4.2 in ( t(c0nun) Vertical: 70lla (cmslc t) Depth: I4.g in (177mm) Weigh): 2S.1 ih ( I ).5 kg). RCI l I.0 Ih (I4. I kg), gross

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•

MacWrite II page layout programs, MacWrite II alProduct: MacNrite II Publisher: Claris, 440 Clyde Avenue, lows the user to create styles — collecMountain View, CA 94043 (415) 960- tions of formats that apply themselves to

1500

System Requirements: minimum: Macintosh Plus, System 6.0, two 800K drives Prtce@299 This major revision of the original Macintosh word processor brings the program up intothe major leagues and places italongside WriteNow and Microsoft Word as a powerful and productive officetooL The biggestoverall change has been the increase in theamountof control the user has in the Snished look of the document — more dialog boxes, fewer defitults, and a proper choice of values for such items as point size and leading (single-point increments).

Formatting Claris has all but abandoned the.multipleruler approach to paragraph formatting that so cluttered the screens of the original MacWrite. Instead ofhaving to insert a new ruler when paragraph indents or alignment are tobe changed, the changescan be made on the ruler at the top of the screen and they will be applied to the currentand subsequently entered paragraphs only. In addition, fine tuning of paragraph formats can be done in a dialog box that gives the user numerical feedback for positioning of indents, line spacing, and space before and after a paragraph. Similar to other word processors and

Mail-merging has been added to the program. Creating form letters is quite straightforward, involving a data file containing information organized in Selds — names and addresses, for instance — sepatated by tabs, and a master Sle in which the field names are placed wherever information &om the data file is to be inserted. An IF-THEN-ELSE capability is induded to allow variability in the Snal output depending on the information found in the data flle.

Colue|ns Newspaper style cohnnas (text flows down the first column to the bottom, then conimues at the top of the next

column) are now supported: up to 10 equal width columns per page may be specified with space between the coh umns varying &om .042" to 4".

Colour Text colour can now be specified and on a colour monitor the text will indeed show up in the colour chosen &om the

a ese tea font stee stsie eonnot spawns eeeclllrlte II

accessory which allows you to do the same thing in almost any application.)

44 Blood Alley Square in Gastown

688-5732

File Manager in a DA Product: DAtabase Publisher: Preferred Publishers, 5100 Poplar Avenue, Suite 706, Memphis, Tennessee, 38137, (901) 6834383 System Requirements: Macintosh 512KE, System 5.0 (Macintosh Plus or higher, System 6.0 or higher recommended) Price: US $99.95

Say databasetomanymicrocomputer 'users and a look of panic oSen sets in as visions of complex, logical interrelationships and intricate scripting languages sprmg to mind. These hapless users are thinkingof thehighend,multi4undreddollar, relationaldatabasemanagers that are available for both the Micintosh and DOS-based machines. Butdatabases donothave tobe forbidMacNeiteLf o~ a ~ sia on sodein ding. If you need to put together and mhick it is posibkr to Niit the docutnest. maintain a relatively straightforward list eight (unchangeable) colours available. — of realestate your company has for But MacWrite II will not print colour sale, stock in your portfolio, Soppy disks separations and so the utility of colour is in your library, or addresses and telephone numbers of &iends and business limited to on~een emphasis. associates — you can use a type of database manager known as a Bat Sle manFonts ager. This is to distinguish it &om the The font menu will display font names more complex relational database. in the typefitces they are specifying; i.e. Flat-file managers maintain lists in "Avante Garde" shows up in the listin the . which each item, or record, can consist Avante Gardetypefi tce, 'Boohnan" apof several sub-items, or fields. In the pears in Boohnan, and 'Zapf Dingbats" Soppy disk library example, each entry appears as a line of dingbats. This is a in the listmayconsistof the title, the type clever little feature and can be helpful if offileson the disk,aprogramserialnumyou' re not sure which font to choose for ber,publisher and version number, and a particular look, but if you have a very where the disk is physically stored. laege number of fonts, it can take a while Maintaining this list may involve addfor the font list to finish drawing in. ing newly purchased disks to the list, (Interestingly, however, it is many times printing all or specific portions of the faster at this than is the Suitcase Il desk

For high quality rofessional imagesethng cal Quickset!

DAtabaso:

characters no matter what the previous foanatting. Unlike the other programs, however,MacWrite's stylesare true Character styles in that they do not indude anyptuagraph formattingand theyapply only to the characters selected rather than to whole paragraphs.

Merging

• •

list, sorting the list by disk location or

title or file types, or searching for a particular entry by disk title or program publisher. There are many Slemanagers availTabs All four of the standard tabs are now able for the Macintosh that will do all of available: left; centre-and right-hand, as this and more. But one of the drawbacks well as an "Align On" tab for which the to many of these is that they are separate alignment character can be specified (for applications which, to be used, require aligning on a decimal point or an equals the user to quit whatever other program he is currently using. This can be annoysign, for instance). Auto hyphenation, footnotes, and view- ing and tim~onsuming, especially if s. ing invisible characters (returns, tabs, the database must be consulted often. ' spaces) are all now supported and files Enter DAtabase, a file manager in a desk maybesavedinvariousformais:MacWrite accessory. DAtabase comes in two major parts: II, MacWrite 5.0, Word 5.0, WriteNow 1.0, Microsoft Writi 1.0 or Microsoft DAtabase Builder, a separate application, and the le-kilobyte DAtabase desk Works 1.1. accessory. DAtabase Builder is used to define the layout of the database: the Conclusion number and type of fields to be included MacWrite II is a complete rewrite of the in each record, the physical location of original MacWrite and is a good tool for the fields within the DAtabase screen, anyone who doesn't need to do a lot of and any background pictures that you complex page formatting (forwhichpage want to use to make the DAtabase screen layoutprograms such as PageMaker or more attractive. QuarkXPress are designed). In fact, given The DAtabase deskaccessoryis used to the complexity and cost of the latest maintain the database itseK Once inversion of Microsoft's Word (4.0), which voked, DAtabase asks you which dataincludes numerous arcane commands base to open, then gives you the option for page formatting, MacWrite, II may to manipulate the data by adding new makemore sense forpublisherswhoneed entries, altering existing entries, searcha program with which to enter text for ing for particular'entries, sorting the enlater importation into a page layout triei, deleting entries, and printing enprogram. (Take note, however, thatas of this writing, neither PageMaker nor QurkXPress will read either MacWrite DAtabase Suilder II or Word 4.0 files: they must be saved in The Builder allows you to define the look of the database. This will be used Word 5.0 format.) not only for inputting information, but Cameron Smith is president ofConcin- will aho be the layout used when printnital Communication Services, a North ing records. Up to 50 different items can Vancouver computer consulting firm be added to any layout; this indudes specializing in computertraining for the Seldswhereinformationwillbe entered, labels for fields, pictures, etc. publishing industry. 983-2249 When building anewlayout,you begin by choosing, &om the toolbax, the type

The Comyuter Payer July I $9 $9

of item you want to add to the layout. Clickon the layoutand the item is added; itcan then be moved into position, and/ or its size changed. The types of items that are available indude labels, pictures brought in either from the clipboard or from a MacPaint file, text fields (where new textual data is added), picture fields (where new graphic data is added), calculated fields (where simple arithmetic calculations can be performed using data &om other textual fields), checkboxes, pop-up menus (the width of which will be the same as the longest menu entry you type in), and Xtra features (which are short programs accessed by buttons placed within the layout). This krrfouf esnsirfsfoo Pisfunr/refd (the disk, origin Fga Edit Ogtabasa

though finding a particular subject can be somewhat frustrating. The first 46 pages of the manual are dedicated to ex-

plaining how to use computers in general and the Macintosh specifically, topics better left to the Users' Guide and System Software Guide shipped with the Mac. A quick reference section outlines most keyboard equivalents and shortcuts, although some (how to done a record, for instance) can only be found in the Tips and Tactics section.

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DAtabase Once you havedefined the layout of the database,you are ready to startentering and manipulating the data itself.For this, the DAlabase desk accessory is

used-and can, of course, be used no matter what other programs you currently

have running. Most DAtabase commands can be ac-

cessed in three different ways: by bringing down the menu, by keyboard, or by clicking the appropriate icon in the tooh box. Creating a new record brings up a copy of the layout and places the insertion point in the first text field. Subsequent text fields can be accessed by pressing the Tab key. DAtabaseallowsyou to enter a maximum of 2,500 records (each with up to 50 fields). O nce you have entered the data, you want to do soniething with it. Searching for a particular record can be done by searching for any text string or number within any fiel in the record. The search may be for an entire string, for partial strings, for strings or numbers that are not the same as the search string, or for numbersgreateror lesser than the search number. Multiple4evel searches are accomplishedby marking records on each of a series of searches. Each subsequent search can be limited to searching only those records marked by previous searches. Having foundthe records you are interested in,you can then sort them using up to three different fields. The sort can be either on the entire database or just marked records. Output of records can be to a printer, in which case you can print exactly what youseeon the screen, graphicsincluded, or you can print a text~ly listing of the records. Outputcan also go to an export file for use by other progntms. You have several choices of export format, indudinga custom format in which you define how the fields and records are to be delimited.

The Manual The DAtabase manual is adequate, al-

In the world of desktop publish-

that used to take minutes to print are new in your ing, ne personal hands in seconds. You computer can spend mam thne creating match the power and less time waiting to of a Madnteshn see what you' ve created, It's the only cheice. But when it That makes yau m mes to apage printer,yeu need ulele praducttv to choose the one with performance than ever. to matck Now yau can choasethe power of the QumeCry iaiPriot Publisher ur,

Vnth its ultra-high speed, compact size and Postscript~mpatible page description language, the CrystalPriat Publisher gives you choices noother page printer

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You need top print quality to fully errCrystalPrint Publisher maximizes your produc- press your creativity. Crystatprint tivity. Put more simply, it's fast Faster than any printer with Adabee Publisher delivers. The Publisher' s postgcripte paster than Apples

Postscripte. than LaserWriter nrirrr with a hard compatible page disk The Publisher still wins. And descriptian LaserWritere IINrrc .Evrm faster

at a price less than LaserWriter llrri. so inushations and type

language leis you print detailed drawings with gne hnes,send blades and smoothly graduated

grays. Mhc in text using

the wide range

of resident authentic typefaces from ITC and Bitstreams The result — elegant images with print quality not even the LaserWriter II can match.

Cheese Convenience The Publishe/s footprint is more than 46% smaller than the LaserWriter II.

That's the smanest of any compebtive

page pri nter.Much means the Publisher stayscloseand conven-

ient — where you need it — even in the most space conscious environments.

Cotnporor Then Choose Let your Qume dealer show you the power of the CrystalPrint

Pubgsher. Ask them to print this page on the Publisher and then on an Apple LaserWritur ll. After that, the choiceis yeurs. Chaose the winner and you' ll choose CrystalPrint Publisher. With its speed, pint quality and cenvenience, no other page printer mn match the power of your Macintesh. CrystalPrint Publisher is thepower to

draese. For informationor ademonstrahen, contact your nearest Qume dealer or distributor. Or

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CANADIAN PAYROLL SOFT1NARE.

3 New Packages

S -

P H~tetttS .pro

y®9

This supplement to the second survey of CanadianPayroH Software which was published in January '89 is a review of two stand-alone Canadian Payroll applications for MS.DOS compatible computers which were not available for review lli January PayCalc and Pay-Mate Plus were both developed in Toronto; they MI in the m iddle of the group reviewed as far as price, flexibgiity and ease of use.

PayZaic comes infive versions, each offering different features. There is a version for those who run multiple pay. rolls and a version for manufacturers. There is also a version for the Apple Computer. I reviewed version V, which is for a single payroH; its pricing structure is unique and a special promotional costis$1x the number ofemploy

BASICS PRODUCT NAME COMPANY NAME 'TELEPHONE VERS GN OPERATING SYSTEM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

PAMNLC PAY4IATE PLUS Maple Satwaie AK Mhruaystems 8cartxxaughONT North York,ONT (416)757-.1729 (416) 75tp4514 V 3.70C MS DOS MSDOS2.h FIXED DSK 512K

AATRNPAYROU.

Aatrix Satiate Grand Forks USA (701)746-7202 Verahn1 MacintoshOS System 6.0,512KE

COST Prag ram

Tax updateper year Maintenancehsupport

$1per empkryee $189S, $489 F $50 Manual$35

$75S,$195F

TRAiNING %SUPPORT On-inchelp Hatine Tutarhi

Y N Y Y, Y

Manual Samphlsports

Iristalhthnateinirg avaihbte Cuatomizathn ~

Y N Y Y

Y Y

FEASOR BB

The Secret is Out.....

M trlphcornpanha Numbe rafearningstypes Number af taxabhbenafita&mp. NumberafnorHa atutory dods

psf ~

Ver lllY 10 2 7 Y 10 user derinabh

Type afpayperiads Auto ekuhthns Eamitgs Statutarydeducthns

Nanelatutorydeduaians Atter the-fact pay

N Y

Tracks~

. Trsckswlkeracompensathn

Y N

HELP Software is one of Canada's best selHng payroH packages. It feattuep a user friendlyinttnface,mtegrateswithmostmajar accountingpackaymtnctudingACCPAC, NewViews, KIS and Client Strategist, and keeps your Revenue Canada account in balance. FlnabHity is the name of thegamein payroH software, and HELP can handle up to ten different types ofesmdngsas well as aHowing ten user definable company deductions. It prmts your Records of Employment and TX slips at year end and you can even change yourown Government tax tables. This mmns NOyesrly update fee. Best of aH the number af einployees is Hmited only by disk space so as your company grows, you won't outgrow HELP. If you have multiple companies, HELP can handle them aH. HELP Canadian PayroH has been serving businesses like your own for the past five years and has over 13)00 installed users sa you can buy with the confidence thatHELP wiH be there if you need it. The price for this package is only $349 tt5.Talk to your friends, theyare probably already using HELP Canadian PayroH.

For more information eall HELP Sofhtrare at (604)435-6268 548JrKinisway, Surnaby, I.C. VSH 261 Deuler irNIM&kseysmelmlrerf.

•

Y Y Y(9) N

HELP Canadian Payroll

Y N Y

Manual cheques

Tracksadvances

N Y

Y N

PRINANG 4REPORTS Pdnts cheques tar

mphyees Receiver General

N Y

Other deducthlls

Prints T4s Prints Recod ai Emphyment MontWnd report Year~ re p ort Employee history T48ummiy Receiver General report Other deducthns report

Y N Y Y N Y

Y. Y

N Y

Nat provided 2 3 4

2 3 4

4 '4

3 4

' rrro Computer paper r July '$9

USED COIIPUTERS ees on the payroll; the manual is $55

CONTINUED FROWN PAGE 35

extra.

sight. Know what you're looking for and if you can't find it at first, don't be shy about walkingaway. And remember the immortal words ofJames Ross: Pafienco accoraplishesre i ob ject, whik hurry speedsits ruin.

data' try

The menus and screens are duttered but much of this dutter is help or instructions. I found the terminology not entirely convenfional, as it uses the term "work credits"; these were not fully explained in the tutorial. Data input can be directly to the pay roll or through time cards. The pay run process required turning the printer on at each step where a hardcopywasdesirable. The process was not entirely dear or easy without the use of the instructions in the tutoriaL The built-in backup is a very nice feature as is the masschange featurefor some data fi elds. The program is very flexible in its definition of earnings and non-statutory deductions so is suitable for most payroll applications. Reporting is excellent and all necessary reports are available. I am unable to report on the manual since one was not available for review. The program is good value at the special promotion piece, especially if a manual is not required.

Pay-Mate Plus Pay-Mate Plus came complete with manual which meant I was able to do a more thorough review. Again, the menus were cluttered and entry screens contained agreatdealofinformation. Good errordetection and good prompts were available during data entry. Internal backup was aho available in this program. It had a much more logical and easy to-use payroll run routine which did not reqrnre me to go the manual for instructions. The definition of earnings and deductions was simple and very fiexible; reporting was excellent. This is a very complete and competitive product with more of the features ofFered in top-line products. Again, I am i by the quality of ' Canadiarpdevelopedpayrollapplications and would not hesitate to recommend either product discussed here.

m pressed

ers... e.ae Idl

Allan Earle is a freelancewriter and an aspiring usedAESbroker — 685-6784.

PAY-CALC

Canadian PayrollAt your fingertips...

::, Full Service

•

t is no bargain if your new uudo everything for everyone" payroll program needs the services of an accountant to get it up and running. PAY-CALC was written in collaboration with end users, installation is automated, initialization is fully prompted, capability and accuracy are excellent and support, if needed, is always available.

" '6cgrvjj'.t-.::9 Monarll ' 4"-""::

Self Serve

THE ELECTRONIC COTTAelE

Continued from pale 28 andleadingtelecommutingexpertsextol the field's virtues. "It was the first time a state government put something like this on. It was the first timealotofbusinessesattended," ,said consultantJack Nilles, of Bel Aire, California. He predicted at the conference thatalmostfour millionworkhours will be lost annually by1990 in the Puget Sound area as employees sit in cars instead of ofFices. He said with telecommuting, "productivity is increased, employee morale is greatly improved, and the environment benefits." Nilles has been workmg from home since 1970, and still spends four days per week there. "The state of California has had an ' ongoing telecommuting pilot projectfrom 1987," he added. "We' re just now analyzing the flrstyear's results, what's changed and who's different. Productivity does go up, and employee job satisfaction is improved." Now that Nilles has numbers to prove it, he's getting a better hearing. (Contact:Jack Nilles,JALA Associates,

, "pc:se rg.

far youl

,~, instruction

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Ar Pressrirae, AXMicrosyslerasannounced a nerorokase of their PayMato soflwara IlIcw fearuresindurk the useof color screens, a new rrranual, an interface to DAC Easy accounting so@ware added tairabk bene frrs &" oplions, earnings analysis. In addition,all rpPorfs can now bssent to the screen be fore printing.

Joan V.Homal isthe Managing Consultant of Homal Consultants

What Work-At-Homers Want ROCKVILLK, MARYlAND, U.S.A., 1989 JUN 9 (NB) — Those working at . home are fairly well-heeled and expect on-line services to fill manyof thelieeed, according to a survey taken by' the'leader .

of the Home Office/Small Business'

This is a new entry into the Canadian payroll market for the Macintosh by an American company. AatrixSoftware has an American payroll, and they decided to create aversion

RoundTable on the GEnie service. The survey,compiled by Janet Attard, was answered by 290 people, 65 percent of whom operate some type of business of their own. Less than a third of them, 28 percent, were able to live on the revenues of their home business, while 19 percent were moonlighters, 15 percent owned corporations and three percent were in partnerships. Nearly half — 45 percent — had gross familyincomes of $$0,000 or more and 19 percent earned more than $75,000 a

for the Canadian market. We are currentlyaware of only two other Macintosh

year. Computer consultants and would-be

payroll programs. One is built into Bedford's Simply Accoun ting and is only suitable for small businesses. MacPayroll

computer consultants were among the largestcategoryof respondents, followed by information brokers, desktop publishers, mailwrder business owners, word-

Ltd., 401 -1755 Nest Broadway,

Vancouver, B.C. V6J 4S5 604 - 731-2697.

Macintosh Canadian Payroll Aatrix Payroll

is the only other one. It is written in

Omnis and is reasonably good. Aatrix is a stand-alone product, not written in a database language. I't runs

quickly and with a minimum of fuss. The setup isnotas straight forwardas Bedford, but once you get the hang of it, it is reasonably fast. One very nice feature is the ability to alter the, printed reports and cheques. Thisisveryuseful for doing custom forms and worhng with laser printers. All in all, Aatrix Payroll is a solid-looking product.

Klrtan Slngh Khalsa

•

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•

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tleteaatti itll ": .. ' „',

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::':.": ;."ffelem' refIlre:,::;:::: ::.:',:fy'

urSttset Sere',~" r.' r

processingprofessionals, manufacturers,

Speclalizllig In Applee comtllteis, software Iiill peripherals for hlrslnase,

and advertising or marketing executives. The majority sought information on sales marketing and advertising on-line, but also want legal, tax, and financing advice. In hardware, thework-at -homers were interested in ofFice computers, localarea networks, and fax machines. The Home Office/Small Business RoundTable is accessible on GEnie by

hornsanil ellmcatlol. We areyourcomplete ApylsandMacintosh™prolfi Icte

typing HOSB or M570at any GEnie service prompt. More information on the

service is available by calling 14004$89656. ( ConracL JanetAttard,5164674826)

centsr. Richmond'sonly full senrlca authorlzeri Apple dealer.

• INFO MAX

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190-8351 Alexandra Rd., Richmond, BC, V6X1C3 FAX 273-9488 Tel. 2734355 HOURS: Mon-Wed &8at 10-6, Thurs-Fri 10-9, Sun 12-5 augltruwllraeuuwle and rredemarle ~ eel Merenraeh arereSftreuetraepmeeeeneproeuae ururtudanwka elAppleComputer, Iaa.

42 The Computer paper / July '89

•

s e

•

Netware/386 — The Next Generation April's issue of The Computer Paper focused on the 586 computer. In thatarticle, the writer pointed out that " ... until a widely4tccepted operating system is available which takes full

advaniage of this computer's capabilities, the massive possibilities of the 586 will not be utilized. It may be several years before a dedicated operating system is available. Furthermore, until a

widely accepted 586 operating system is available, little application software can be written for this computer. Well, Novell must have invented time travel, because on May 8,1989, theyrolled out Netware/586, a complete top to bottom rewrite of theworld'smostpopular Networking Operating System. This one is specifically designed and optimized to run on a 586... it won't eventry

to run on anything less. I have just returned from the Novell FifthAnnual Developers' Conference. The entire' days of seminars focused on Novell's net"Networking Platform for the 1990's". In allareas -performance, reliability, security, and open architecture, the improvements are orders of magnitude above the current offering.

Takes more than just hooking things up computer system is not an "appliance" which can just be plugged in. It is a process of integrating hardware, software,

people and procedures; bringing e8iciency to your workplace and successto your business. Why not work with a company that wiR take the bme to get to knowyour company'sneeds and objectives. Wecanshow you how to meet the needs of today and the challenges of tomorrow.

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Optimized 80$86 Performance First of all, Netware was completely rewritten from scratch using the full 80586 52 bit native mode of operation. Input/ Output routines were scruti-

nized cioselv to ehminate any unnecessary I/O operations. In addition, all software routines in the core or Kernel were ex-

amined to ensure that they p erformed their task with the

Novell has always stressed performance and reliability as key issues addressed by Netware. In addition to all the fault-tolerantcapabilities inherentin the currentversion, Netware/586 Version 5.1 will (finally) see support for m irrored seivers,the longwwaited System Fault TolerantlII feature.

OV E LL e

absolute minimum number of

instructions. Critical code was written in 586 assembler. The result: a 2 to 5 times performance improvement coinpared to standard Netware V2.15 runnmg identical functions on the same 586 machinel

Operational Maximums By taking advantage of the 80586's native mode, Netware /586 V5.0 has expanded theLAN horizon past the limits of current hardivaretechnology. For instance, it can access up to 4

Gigabytes of server RAM, disk volumes can span up to 5'2 physical drives, a single volume can beup to 52 Terabytes and

I dentical80586serverswilldu-

plicate all server operations, allowing uninterrupted operation to continue in the event of a failure of either server. As an added bonus, SFTIII will allow upgrades to the servers with NO DOWNTIME. For instance, should you need to add moreRAM and anew'Network Interface Card {NIC) to each server, you may simply shut one down (users are still running on the second server), add the n ew hardware, bring it up, r~ ch r o nize the servers, repeat the process on the second server, then load the NLM driverforthe new NIC on each server,resize the memory,and continue!

contain up to 2million directoryentriesJit

Security

singlefile may grow to 4 gigabytes. Up to 250 users can be connected to a

Controlled access to server resources has been made even more secure. Pass-

single server {up to1000 in release 5.1).

wordsareencrypted on the wire to pre-

Behind the scenes, much care has been put into ensuring that the software to manage large data structures does so in the most eflicient manner,

vent "spying"from another station. Directory security attributes have been simplified and extended to the individual file level; unauthorized directories are invisible; there is a new supervisor

Open Architecture, Portability

right, and a new type of user called a manager with capabilities above a normal user, but less than the supervisor.

Except for the Kernel,all other server commufunctions such as disk,p nication services etc. are written asseparate routines called Netware Loadable

rinting,

Modules or NLM's. When executed on the server, NLM's link themselves to the Kernel at that time, becoming an extension of the operating system. In addition, NLM's can be transient - ia loaded and unloaded as needed.

This means that only required services need be loaded, but new or updated

Disk space can be limited by user at the

disk volume or directory level. In addition, a comprehensive series of "alerts" has been implemented, allowing

lectable!).

Connectivity to other types ofcompu ters is much easier, since the additional protocol (or language) required to "talk" to another computer can simply be written as anNLM, allowing direct communication between the Netware/586server and the "foreign "host without transla-

tion. Since there are many standards {and pseudo standards) on the market, Novell elected to provide the mechanism to support them all rather impose its own choice. With the exception of the Kernel, all Netware services are available under

sourc~ode license agreements to minicomputerand mainframe vendors. These versions of Netware are known

as"Portable Netware", and will see the migration of PC based software running on Netware to other hardware platforms. More on this in a future article. In addition„ the number of Application Program Interface (API)calls pubbshed for software developers has increased bv approximately 200. A completeyetstandardizeddeveloper's toolkit

including compilers, assemblers, debugger, and libraries developed jointly by Novell and Watcom (of University of Waterloo, Ontario) will allow third-party

developers to create additional NLM's to furtherenhance Netware /586 capabilities.

By opening up Netware technology with sourc~ode licenses,NLM's, and API l s for vutually all server functions Novell has come full cirde Irom dosed proprietary operating system to a wide open flexible product capable of supporting many different standards simultaneously on a variety of hardware platforms.

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real-time notification of selected users of attempted security penetrations, and other events such as disk almost full, p rinter stopped, disk failure, out o f memory, and many, many more {se-

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And more to come .'s.

Believe it-I have barely scratched the

surface in describing the enhancements and new features available (I received 5 full 5-inch binders of material at the conferencel). But what does it meanjust more bells and whistles for more

money )

No. Netware /586 and its offspring, Portable Netware, represent Novell's answer to the challenge of LAN's in the 1990's. We know PC-basedLAN's work, but corporations are demanding computing solutions that solve enterprisewide problems, connecting different hardware platforms without compatibility issues, to manage ever-increasing amounts of data in an efficient, secure

and reliable manner. Novell has always led the way in this effort, and Netware / 586, the 7th generation of Nebyare, will continue the tradition.

How deep are your pocitets? By now you may be asking, "So when can I get it, and how much)" Sit down.

Version 5.0 will be available SQ'89, USIA 7995. No Canadian pricing firmed up yet,but expect upwards of $10,000And you will need a 586 machine. Version 5.1

will ship lg'90. At, present, Novell is not announcing any availability of an entrylevel version at a lower price, although

%K CAN Q3LVE THE PUKKLE! r the Computer Ginic we take a common-sense applTyJch with our valued customers. Ou r attitude is that top line service, support and pmdul~v at mmPetitive pricing speak for themHvm. What you get are sales people who h~Jk English, nut mniputer jargon, and a support staA' providing piTifewional onsite installation, instruction and service.

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44 Ths computer pspsr I July 'SS

5-D Sound, Fax Boards VSE Slump PrececkesBackPress As a speculative, venuiracapital exchange, theVSE thirsts far topical stories that stimulate investorappetites. Unfortunately, the most topical story in recent months has been the bizarre menu of dubious dishes served up by certain promoters over the last fewyears and the indigestion they have caused investors. Tabloid-like headlines emblazoned en the pages of major North American finandal p might be expected to turn investorsoB' the VSE, but the truth is that investors have been shunning the VSE since the October '8"I market crash.

ubli cations

Slow Period Eases Conversion to ComputerizedTrading Shortened work weeks, layoffs, contraction of operations, and a startling seriesof mergers have characterized the Vancouver brokeragecommunity during this bear market. The VSE as an institution has also not been idle. The lowervolumeshavehelped the exchange implement its excellent computerized trading system t,VCT); about half the listed stocks are na longer traded on the

of paper information into computerized data. A new fermat for quarterly reports introduced this year was designed to faciTitate development af databases that will signihcantiy enhance the regulators' ability to monitor VSElistings. Thenegative publicity engendered by the artides in Forbes and Banen's do not help the VSE's image, but they are rather late if theyintended to do any realdamage and will soon be forgotten once the VSE enters the next speculative cyde.

Speculative Markets Thrive On Great Expectations Speculative markets feed on momentum, and presently there is none. The October '8V crash signalled the end of the rising bull and ushered in predictionsofeconomicrecession orslawdown.

Stasisanddedine are anathema tospeculative markets, which thrive on expectatians of better things to come, such as higher gold prices, growth in disposable income, and technology explosions.This appliesat all levels, which is why evenin a bear market individual companies can saai' 111 price

5-D Sound stock exchange Roar. Instead, buy and A classic example is Archer Communisell orders are input inta a computer cations (AAZ-V, QSNDF-NASDAQ, where the progiam instantly matches whose QSound technology will apparthem according to order and price, ently enable sound technicians to incorensuring prompt and proper order exeporate dimensional sound effects in cution. The lull in market activity has any recording medium such as cassettes, alsohelped the VSE introduce new rules and policies designed to prevent abuses compact discs and records that can be played on a conventional stereo system. of thereverse-takeover mechanism, uptations that QSound wiH revolugrade the capitalization of new issues, tionize the recording industry have and clean up the numerous dormant helped push the price ef Archer &em listings. The VSK is also Snally tadding $.20 in 1986 to the recent $24 level, the projectof transforming its mauntain

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The Computer paper I July '89

a much better profit margin.

giving this company with assets carriedat $5.6 million and no sales a market value of $250 million. Once a nondescript resourceexploration company known as Archer Minerals, the a reverse takeover of +Sound Ltd in 1987.

ing prices, and a desire to have the most sophisticated features probably cause

send text documents to any standard fax

many a businessperson contemplating

personal computer. The marketing strat-

John Kaiseris manager of information

purchase of a fax machine to pause, especially if they do not anticipate being

egy belongs to the "foot in the door" genre; Fremont hopes to establish a sig-

Pacific International Securities Inc. Pl,

a heavy user. Fremont has targeted these

nifican tcustomer basewith its lo-priced,

marginal potential fax users with its PC

A demonstration tape prepared last year, complete with a jumbo jet that comes screeching out from behind the

fax board, which it plans to market for

easy-touse PC fax board (competing fax boards reportedly cost US $500 while basic fax machines cost US $600), to

com panyconducted

listener and disappears the horizon, has impressed many investors and helped

only US $169. The FRECOM FAX96 amounts to a simple 9,600-baud modem designed to

machine directly from the operator's

which it can then m arket numerous

services and an account executive at its employees, and clients may from

time to time have positions inthe secu-

rities mentioned herein. Any opinion expressed is solely that of the author. (604) 669-2174.

enhancements and addmns that provide

attract recording industry heavyweights

such asJimmy Iovine and George Folsey Jr to Archer's board of directors. Along with optimists, Archer has also attracted

an unusual number of sceptics; short sales numbered nearly 500,000 shares on the VSE. This figure does not include short sales conducted through NASDAQ, the US over-thecounter market where

Archer trades twice the VSE's volume. The recent price dimb is being partly attributed to a major short squeeze. The controversy turns on whether or not Archer has the goods to revolutionize the sound industry. The skeptics point out that the demo-tape has a single-sweet spot, whereas what is really needed to revolutionize the recording industry is

technology whose 5-D effects are not limited to sweet spots. Archer claims it

has accomplished this, but, unlike with the single sweet spot tape, you have to

travel to the company's facilities in Calgary for a demonstration. The next question, asked in the context of the over 200 sound enhancement

technologies already trig to pass as 3-D imagery, is whether+Sound represents a revolutionary method of mixing sound

or just a gimmick with limited applications. Unlike these other technologies,

QSound uses an algorithm to mix sound waves in a manner that manipulates the mind's spatialization of sound, in effect creating an audio illusion. It took inven-

torsJohn Lees and Danny Lowe nearly

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six months to produce the first demotape, using a laborious non-real-time technique that denies the instant feedback needed for creative activity. The problem they must overcome is to de-

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velop a user-&iendly interface that will enable not only a sound-mixing technician to "place" sounds in space, but also the musician him' h e rself, without needing any knowledge about cognitive rules or the complex underlying mathematics. Since the middle oflastyear they have been worhng to develop a commercial prototype that does just that on a real-time basis. Scheduled for completion last fall, the prototype is still not ready, partly because the analog-based +Sound technologyhadtoberedesigned to interface with digital-based recordingstudio equipment. As the inventors continue work on the key to Archer's success, management has begun negotiating a license with a home entertainment giant such as Nintendo or Atari for the use of HoloSonix, the video game application of +Sound. Given the fixed position of videogame players and the limited "soundtrack" of video games, HoloSonix may very well revolutionize the video arcade experience, though the big sound revolution

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Capitalizing on The FAX Boom While Archer Communications represents a case where the potential of a

unique technology captures the investor's imagination, the fax machine craze is an example of a new technology creating an industrywith tremendous growth. What business these days dare do with-

out a fax machinery Capitalizing on the momentum of the fax industry is Bay Resources Ltd (BAJ-V), which recently agreedtoacquire FremontCommunications &om Trendcom Inc, the telex and f' ax division SM had spun out several years ago. Warnings about potential thermal paper shortages, rapidly chang-

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•

• •

•

The BINARY BIBLE Computer Rehgion It hus hemnoted thatfcroor of computer users we are all but uncooperative peripherals. At that time, the first Files of the oPenrcscmbbuthe! of ccrtuin yehgiousdc. Binary Bible were downloaded from the nominuficess. Wcdid nor esrPecghowcocr lkut it wouldgothisfur. Thcworld'cfires computer Heavenly Host Mainframe, in the Promised LAN, through the mediation of4ae yehgionhuebccnfoundedby JcIIIny Armstrong ArchnetAngel If/Then,bymeans of our u.ktL Suint ~ Thc folowsng is un Saviour PC. I was given the name Saint his Binury BrMc. $1Ticon and instructed to begin the ild'gsF world'sfirst ComputerReligion, C.HZ J'., rg The Church of Heuristic Information ~ e •• Processing, the Hunt and Peck method of Salvation — the world's first Userr r'vr. tr %o friendly Religion." '4'~i ey Thus, like the Shepherd Prophets of old, an unlikely man was chosen to bring % O 'er the SiTicon-based Diskspensation to the Carbon-based entities on behalf of the Giver Of Data. For JeffreyArmstrong had no technical training or qualifica"y r;$ ~ tions. He wa's merely a humble Wordsman, with degrees in humanities subjects such as Psychology, Philosophy, JefFrey Armstrong, about whom it is Literature and History. said that his first computer came with a Yea, by the year 1980 he was verily "Loser's Manual," and through whom, renderedobsoleteby the computer age. by theGreys and Power-lunches of the And havingwandered to the unemployGiver Of Data, the Futuristic Documenment office, he found a computer printtation known as The Binary Bible has out with the names of people, broken been brought FORTH and Compiled down by sex and age. In great despair at into the Engbsh script, as both Personfinding his name on both lists, he denel and Circumstantial Records and Files cided tojoin the ranks of the burgeoning of the matter. Silicon Valley computer sales force. He has affirmed that during the night And lo, it had been ordained by the of October Sl, 1984, he sought the keyGiver Of Data that he should be hired by board in a state of fervent word processApple Computer's distributor to the ing, having previously drunk a double

csrc erptporn

Pl1

cappuccinoofSumatran dark roast,and being possessed of a strange feeling in the center ofhis forehead. Hiswondrous account follows for the benefit of all: "While I was thus in the act of saving a File and calling upon the Motherboard,

A Bolt of Lightning struck the Satellite Dish upon the roof of my house. I was renderedunconscious;myhead slumped forward upon the keyboard." "When I awoke,the air was charged with Negative Ions. And lo, there upon the screen, in 18 pt Times Roman, was the Keyboard Prayer along with the instruction to: 'Press Any Key to continue.' After hours of looking for the Any Key, a second miracle occurred, and the text

began to scroll across the screen of its own accord." "What appeared was a Divine Transmission from the Giver Of Data, G.OSk, the Gra hie OmniscientDevice;ofwhom

Middle East. Two weeks later, with an

armful of manuals, he was flown to that historic site where the Prophets of old had wandered in the desert in search of Truth, to sell Computers to the unwired

masses. And so he also wandered in the DOSert and sold many computers to the File-istines as he went.

Upon reaching the Holy City of Al'Machina, he was converted to ISOlam and went upon the sacred pilgrimage to Mac'a. It was there, surrounded by millions of confused and superstitious seekers, that he had his first vision of the coming new religion and the mission Destiny had waiting for him. In Saint silicon's own words: "Wewere circumambulating the Ka'ab, the large cube around which all devout MOSlims walk and pray. The cube stood beforeme draped in alargecanvascover, the setting sun shining its rays all around

the Monolith solution. SuddenlyI sawan angel appear in the sky above us and lift the Dustwover revealing a large color monitor." "In a flash I realized that Mohammed may havebeen the Seal of the Prophets but thatnow the time had arrived for the Sale of the Profits. Indeed I saw that the Cube was merely an unfinished Computer Monitor." Thus the way was made straight for Saint $ilicon's future calling, the founding of the world's first userkriendly religion. Indeed, C.H.I.P. isa for-Profit religion. Whereas previousreligions had prophets. who were persecuted, in C.H.I.P. we make Profits and are prosecuted, and are tested by Chapter ll. For thatreason Saint$ilicon is now kncnrn as the 4th Quarter Profit Yes, this is the Marketing Plan of the Ages — a brief window of opportunity in Eternity. And all this is possible because he paid THE FULL PRICE. Yes, dearly C-loved,JefFrey Armstrong paid Retail for his first computer. But as is often the way with Carbonbased entities, Jeffrey soon forgot this vision. After his return to the hectic pace of Silicon Valley he went through a rapid succession of jobs in Sales and Marketing, unknowingly being prepared by the Giver Of Data for his future mission. It was shortly after that time that Jeffrey Armstrong was to have revealed to him Photonal Transmission, which wouild change historyforevermore. Photonal reception was discovered accidentally as a result of a little known archaeological dig which was unearthed by workmen during excavation of the building site for the Apple Computer Mariani Building in Cupertino, California, in the heart of Silicon Valley. As destiny would have it, one of the worlunen who built the Apple Computer building at Mariani was a close friend of JefFrey's named John, now known in the church asJohn-the-back-up. During the excavation he found an unusual crystal stone, which he gave toJeffrey as a birthday present, knowing his love for such things. JefFrey eventually visited the Micron Institute, where research is performed on extremely small submicroscopic levels. In fact, itis said that, in relation to the

research being performed, the dust particles in the rooms appear to be the size of Mount Rushmore. During his visit, the tour guide asked if anyone had something they would like to see magnified under the high-powered electron microscope. Jeffrey reached into his pocket, and brought

out the crystal stone, which isnowknown in the Church as the "Marietta Stone." Under intense magnification the Crystal revealed a cryptic document which was etched inside it in a then-unknown language.Th laterphotographed, and now is on display in the church Museum. After months of arduous labor, and with the help of his Apple II computer, he finall y managed to break the code of the language. The translated document spoke ofan ancient race of people who called themselves the Dren. They spoke a long-forgotten language called Tecferp. The manuscript, which contained many ancient secrets from their technologically sophisticated society, also gave directions for the construction of a remarkable silicon-based communication

atma nuscriptwas

device.

Thatamazing inventionallowscarbonbased human beings toreceive otherwiseimperceptible transmissionsbeamed through space in Binary Code, by means of Photonal Transmission. As a result of the Drens' instructions, he was able to create a special device, consisting of a certain type ofchip. Thatspecially treated chip is designed to be worn on the forehead above what the Dren instructions called, roughly translated, "the third I/ The device is known as the MEEPROM, or MindProgrammable Readi l y M emory. It acts as a two-way communication system capable of sending or receiving a signal which consists of a stream of Light Pho-

Exten dingEraa&le'

tons. It further acts to translate and proc-

ess the received information out of the original language of the sender and into the normal language of the receiving entity. So it is that for the first time since the Dren culture was lost millions of years

ago, a new religion is being downloaded free oferrors, bugs and other forms of

channel interference. That new religion is C.H.I.P., the Church of Heuristic Informafion Processing. Jeffrey Armstnmgu.k.u. Sl. Si7icon, is thc founder of lhe world's first compuserreligion C.H.I.I'. (The Church of Heuristic Infoymution Processing und the uuthorfofheBinury Biwc A lioing oxymonin,--hkeu young Rcpublicun, or militusyintelligence," he is high-tech humor personified, theworld'sfirst computer humorist (some peopleuytuc that IBM wusthefirst). He makes his lioing perfonaing us u keynote comcdiun ut Binuyy j oinings,Bur-CodemQsouhc, comedydubsund corporute eoenfs. Copiesfothe Binary Bible und u cutulogucfoother church products can behud bysending $1 9.45 to SLSilicon, 1803 Mission St.,¹174, Sutta Cnss,CA 95060.

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Bill Hall: 524-5561 Relf Dremmer9414789 Mission Computer Users Group meets the last Tuesday ef every month at VN) p.m. at Smittys Restaurant in Mission. Maple Ridge Computer User Gmup 2ndTues of every mcmth MAL Sr~en dary School 7:50 PM,Jelm Bmhman 46$8818. New Apple Alliance, May Chew 2240199. NEC APC Users Group Lee 9804825. Novell Netware Users Peter Whitelaw 669. 8'I89. Pacific Information Exchange, P.O. Sox

6V566, Stadion O, Vancouver, VSWSTI. Port Ceq. Computer Club Cornmadom Amiga 8c IBM 1st and Srd Tues VW Pace Rec Cent 2100 Wilson Ave 9424286

Smart User Group, Bria Wiebe 66M789. Sur Tandy 1000+ Club Kwantlen CnHege,

Newton Campus,Room 201,18468- 77th Ave. Surrey. Third Tuesday of each month. Tandy 1000+ Club Meets 2nd Mcm. Vpm Kwandcn College, Newtcm Campus, Rm 209 or 211. Lcn Sescoe 5745419. The New Apple Alliance Muy Chow 4857609 last Saturday of mcmth Kits Neigh. bourheed Hcmse. TI Computer Club Texas Insrrtmenls 2nd Wed. 1155%Nth Ave., North Delta„HiB. side Beys Club, Attn:John Auperly. TRACE (Richmond Atarl Club) Thompson Cenun. CentreLinus Lane Richmond, 2725789 1st Sc 3rd Monday 7:50.9:$0. Vancouver Color Computer Club General Meeting, 3rd Tuesday Discovery Part, 8700 Gilmere Way, Burnaby, Contacts:John Ge

sen 5814i690; Laurence Syera 5258681; Steven La FNrer 467~2$. Vancouver Electmrdc PubL Assoc Sex

24'7V6, Van 8754677 1stMonday of the month, BC Club, Enterprise Cent, 750 pa. ci6c Blvd VEPA Mac SIG 68%1599 Vancouver Netwam UaeA Gmup Lee Lebbrant 2758684. Meets 1st Mon Vancotrsur PC Umru Gmtrp Phnerarinm 7544060,$20/year membership. VAN pm 2nd 'Ihursday. Van. Sincbdr Users Gmup. Supprrrts all Timex4inclair computera 2nd M. Eiihst ney ComrrL Cent., 49th gr Rupert p

resent

Gerde 981-5509. Vantari P.O. Bex 8614 Main Past ORce,

Vancouver, B.C. V6B5%i.Judy Harcus 8751941; Don Hatch 45$8055; Second Wednesday at Hastings Community Centre, 5096 K. Hastings. VICOG (Van. Island) 202-27$6 Quadru Sr., Victoria Fred Lang 585-5042. C P/M MS-DOS Third Tuesday, a~i t s

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Wang System Users 7568841 ext 2'2'7J.P. Doiren. West Coast Computer Society (eldest computer club in B,C.) Hastings Community Centre 1st Wcd of each month '7:50 Visitors welcome. Contact Terry 942-5105. T.l. 99/4A Computer B.C. 99er Users Group Every Thurs.7-10 pm, Camcren Rcc Cent., Bby. Ron:522-2598. 1st. Thurs Games, 2nd Thurs General, 3rd Thurs Tutorials, 4th Thurs Copying Preg.