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SEE OUR'NETWORKING AD PAGE 97

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 5

From the Editor

Contents N.C Edition • Hov 1891

Features

esponse to our r e ader survey has been phenomenal. We havereceived a large stack of esponses in the mail every day since the last issue hit the streets. It's good to see that so many of you like Thc Gnapurcr Paper justthe way it is." But we also have been carefully noting the comments of those who wrote in with suggestions of things you' d like to see. For example, a common theme was "More feature articles." Interestingly, last issue we made a first step toward that goal, even be forethe survey went out. As you probably know, Thc Computer Paperis cc funded primarily by our advertisers. This necessarily eeu' limits the size of the publication to a number of pages determined by the number of paid ads. How could we bring readers more feature arucies) By reducing — slightly — the size of the type, beginning last issue, we found that we could considerablyincrease our coverage of each topic, hopefully without reducing the readability of the publication significantly. Encouragingly, we did not hear any complaints from readers about the type size. If you have any comments, let us know.

Workstations — A Knowled9eworkeVs Toolbox ...................................50

Down to Business

Articles

A look at the next generation of desktop PCs. ByWiti ara Bun.

Need a Workstation at your Work Station? •.......•...... •,...... • ..•......... • ....52 Everythmg you wanted to know about UNIX but were ahd to ask By %Siam Barr.

All About araphical User Interfaces ....................................................54 A look at graphical environments for popular computers.By Catbaryaa LabourbSmith.

V en

d o r P r o s sl e s $ $ • $$ • $$$ • $$$ • $«$ • $ • $$$$$$$$ • $$$$$$ $ $ $• $ $ $ $ $ • $ $ •

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• «57

$ • $ $ • $ $ $ $ • $$ $ • $$ • $$$ $ •

A report on who's who in the world of UNIX. By Wcgiam Barr.

Personal Worse«ons

...........................................................................5$

Lowest workstations and power PCs meet here. By WigwamBurr.

Hard oa Dnve ~re ......................................................................................62 Defiugmenting tools, disaster-recovery strategies and more.By ThcrecaGuay.

Computer Viruses: What are the RisksT .....................................•.... • ....66 • The de6nition and history of computer viruses.ByGorckecYmcug.

ss Vancouver's Virus as Villams .....................................................................67

A look at some of the most common virus typeLBy GontosYmcag.

Do's and Don'ts of Computer Virus Protecbon....................................71 Tips for a safer computing environment By Goubou Ymcug. Wh en A V i r u s S t r l k e s $ • .$, • », • $» • ». • ».$$$$»» • ». • ». $$$. $ $ » • . $ • . » What to do in response to a computer virus atlack By GontosYouug.

• . « • , $$$$« $ $» . • . $$$ $ $ • $

Comdex/Fall '91, MacWorld Canada and the Seybold Publishing Conference as well as the signing of a landmark agreement between Apple and IBM all happened since last issue, S how RePoe e$ Swa asvorld 11 and are reported here. Check out the show reports to see what trends are so rapidly Tales of LocalHeroes. By Catbalyau Labe»sbSmith. reshaping the industry. 5 how R~o... MaNorld Canada...................................................... . 1$ Workstations promise — and deliverer.unaticaily superior performance to the current First looks at the newest pmductsfrom Apple. From NmccBytcc. generation of PCs. Although more expensive right now, it is a predictable trend in the Show Report: Comdex/Fall'91 ......•........ • ..•.... • ..•... • .....•.... • • ..•...•... • .•..... • .60 computer biz that these technologieswill filter down to the mass market over the next few Late+rooking news Irom LasVagus.Frmu NmccByrcc. years, bringing superior productivity and its benefits to all of us in the process. William Barr Show Report: Seybold Publishin9 Conference.....................................$1 leads the feature parade with stories on key developments in the world of UNIX. New productsfrom Aldus and much more. Frma NmccBytcc. Our other feature articles also refiect another trend requested in the Reader Survey. I s It t A An s z y e t 7 • $ $ • $$$ • $$$ • $$$ • $$$$ • $$$ • $• $• $ $ $ $ $ $ • $ $ $ • $ $ $ $ $ $ $ • $ $ $ • $ $ $ • $ • $ $ • $ $ • $ $ $ $ $ • $ • $ • $ • $$ • $ $ $ • $ $ $ $ • $ $ $ $ 73 Many of you said "more howIo artides," and our hard drive, virus-protection and graphics A report on the state of the art in tru~olor gmphics.By GrucmcBcaacu. features all contain info we think will be useful for beginners and power~ers alike. II es. About the Cover ..................................................... . ... . . . $ 1 By the way, if you haven't yet entered the contest to win the OkiLaser printer, there' s T Iiniq How the cover was made Rom SLntasies, hue tais and photnLBy Gracmc Bcaucct. still time...look in the Oct. '91 issue for the entry form. Spotlight: An interview with Aldus president Paul Srainerd .......•... .7$ Enjoy the issue. • The man who coined the term "desktop publishing" speaks toTbc Compotcr Paper.

How to: Up9rades, Modes 8 PIFs..•........ • ....•..... • • ..•.... • .•...•..... • . •. •.•....... • .$6 $ Banish Windows 0ut of Memory"errors. By Cuthulyaa LuboatcSmith.

0 pen Syst • . What Are TheyT........•....•...............................................90

Kirtan Singh Khalsa —Publisher/Editor

Masthead Publisher I Editor Kirtan Singh Khalsa

Assistant Editor Graeme Bennett

Contributin Writers William Barr, Graeme Bennett, Thomas Fee, Theresa Guay, Steve Mdtwain, Scott McNealy, Cathalynn Labonth-Smith, Gordon Young. Nevvsaytes Canadian Editor.GrantBuckler

Proofreader Neall Calvert

Cover Art "SUNshine" by Graeme Bennett

National Ad Sales John Oliver (604)733-5596

B.C Ad Sales Hari Singh Khalsa(604) 733-5596

Alberta Ad Sales Patricia FitzGerald (403)262-5737 Mary Kathleen Brennan

Manitoba AdSales Suzanne FitzGerald (204) 949-7720 Production Mana er

The president of Sun Microsystems speaks up.By SceNMcNculy.

Distribution Ken Kemp & Ko., Stands Unlimited.

Printer Transcontinental West Printers

Subsai tions

»»»77

Departments

HEAD OFFICE - BRmSH COLUMBIA Canada Computer paper Inc. 08, 3661 W. 4th Ave. Vancouver, BC V6R 1P2 Phone: (604)733-5596, Fax (604) 732%2&0 BBS Number.Mind Linkl (604) 576-1214 Circulation: 50,000

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To have 12 issues of The Computer Paper I maIe Club Artroom CD-ROM................................................... • ............$0 A huge collection of EPS art for Macs, PCs and other computers.ByGracjac Bcuuctt. mailed directly to your home (in Canada), Sackup Programs for DOS 8 Windows...•.......... • ........•....... • .;.•.... • .........55 send a cheque for $24.95 to Suite 8, 3661 Avoid hard drive disasters with tools &om Norton and Central Point By Stcee McBccuia. W. 4th Ave., Vancouver, B.C. V6R 1P2 l b o o k $ • $ $ • $$$ • $$$ • $$$$ • $$$$$$ • $$$ • $$$$ • $$ • $6 American subscriptions please send $40 in Too Hypetware for the PC gets an upgrade.By TbonacFce. US Funds. Overseas please send $65 Book Review: The Art of Human-Computer interface Design......... »«$5 Canadian. The future of humanwomputer interfaces.By CathubyauLabonrbSmith This is Volume 4, No. 11, Nov. 1991 The Computer Paperis published monthly by Canada Computer Paper Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part Masthead .. 5 Teiecom. without the permission of the Publisher is Mailbox. .....6 Trends. strictly prohibited.

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2nd aass PostageReg. Number 7718

Printed in Canada ISSN 0840-3929

What'a New.. N~

Apple .. Canadian News GeneraL. IBM World ..

Networks.. Portables..

..............I I ......... .......... .....18 ............................18 ..................28 ............................SO

Unix... ............... Windows World.. Computer Calendar. User Groups ..

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Events.

Index of Advertisers......

............................41 .. ...................4t

Classes....................... Ciassifieds..

Edltorlal SchedIIle Issue

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6 THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91

Nlailbgx.

Horst Rother Vancouver, B.C. -

Old Salestnan's Stories

Dear Sir. I read Mr. Bennett's article on Disk Punchers in your September issue and do not agree with its content. 8.5" Disks It has been known since 1987 that certain brands of 8.5" disks used the same magnetic matter for DD and HD disks. These disks could be converted by diimng a hole in the proper location. Some brands helped by ving the location already marked. I have program disks of this type running since 1988. The procedure does not require an expensive disk puncher —e sharp drill bit and a slow-speed drill is necessary. I consider this procedure obsolete as HD disks are available at very reasonable prices.

'RhiÃliCR C

5 I/4"

Here we have a repetition of the old salesman's story about the bristles sweeping in the wrong direction. T h e sweeping matter consists of tiny parallelogram ridges with depressions. It is arranged in such a way to sweep in both directions. A sample of I want to SUUBCRIUB and I W LIL TOr Canada Computer Paper inc., an old PERCOM disk is induded. receive 12 greatissuesof L4661 West 4th Ave., With exception to very early times, in my The Computer Paper,Ipayjust824.95 Vancouver, B.C. V6R 4A) U.SA 845, Overseas 865 Teh (403) 262-5737 Fax: (403) 265-5974 opinion, the only dllferences between SSSD, SSDD, DSSD, and DSDD disk were the, label PIN88BIBT I$24.$51r and the price. When the manufacturers 2 Payment Enclosed (cheque or money order) r I' started to distribute "bonus disks, they used A/Mastercard only one type of blank disk which covered all Card Number Expiry four types. I sdll have working Radio Shack Name onCard SSSD disks now formatted as doubled~ded e n tu Soppies for an AT 860K drive. The same magnetic matter games appear Witleir MNIeu Weulti Yeu LUte te AeeeieeT to start again with the increased use of tape : Alberta Manitoba U B.C. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <ml drive L a<<i<<i<iiaii<<i<riiikii<ix<liih'Wlir< 'lili slill<i i<<a<<ls s

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 7

Canadian Computer IMIedia On Disk

beth sidescheckout ac doubk density, that batch is deemed DSDD. If one sidsfai?c,itb SSiDD. If that sidefat?c thc DD test, they test it as Singk Density. If a ccctioa of this big sheet of disk TORONTO, ONTARIO, OCT 25 (NB)material faik a whok beach fotmts (I can' t If you want to know how to reach Newsbytes' imagine they bother much with singk density Canadian bureau, as well as the rest of the aaymme), theydon't put their brandname on Canadian c o m puter-industry m e d i a, it, and it getsturned into bua disks.Acconlng to consultants, computer user groups, and tkc oQsakcman, buR disksare mmk Psm bncnd other contacts, MediaBrief might be the name disk media that didn't cut it. I don't knose answer. It is a database of promotional if it's true, but it's a pretty good story. By thc awry, contacts for the Canadian high- technology thanksfor thc Pn'corndisk jacket. That fussy indusuy, built on Richmond Technologies gc matcnal makes agreat absorbentcoaster. Software's Th e M a ximize r contact management software. MediaBrief is the second custom version Enough is Enough I am a former Vancouver resident who of The Maximizer announced this fall. has been 9 months without Thc Computer Recently, V a n couver-based C h annel Strategies has already announced a version Paperand have finally decided Enough is Enoughl Pl e a s e s end m e a y e a r ' s tailored for computer retailers. subscription t o h e l p m a k e u p for MediaBrief is designed for marketing Cincinnati's abysmal lack of such a useful and public relations people working for publication. My request for an upcoming computer hardware and software firms or article is The Development of a Computer for public relations agencies representing Consultant, or H o w I Be c a meRoedy such companies. David Fieldman, viceGreen." president of MediaBrief, told Newsbytes it will be marketed in Canada and to buyers in the United States who need to reach the Thanksl Canadian media.There are no plans for an Andy Hickman, M.Sc. American version, he said, since comparable Able Computer Consulting Cincinnati, OH products already exist there. Fieldman and Gordon Graham, a P.S. My best toTony and Dave at AE Montreal-based c o m p ute r ind u stry Electronics for great computers and Alan at journalist, have compiled the MediaBrief database over the past two years. It contains Paper Choice for recyded computer paper. names, addresses, telephone numbers, and detailed notes on more than 1,000 contacts, Atari Alternative I was recently reading through your B.C. the company saicL The software will be available November Lower Mainland Edition, September 1991, Volume 4, No. 9 issue and noticed the only 1 for C$695. An one update service will article I could find designated to the ATARI cost C$149 per year. Fieldman said there will line of computer devices announdng the be a single one4isk update each year, plus A NDEST P O CKET M O D E M f o r t h e quarterly newsletters, and subscriberswill be advisedof major changes by fax. PORTFOLIO [PALMTOP PC]. Our company is recognized as one of the Contact David Fieldman, Mediagrief,416-359Lower Mainland's more informative service 0472; fax 416-359-0474; Earl van As, Richmond a nd support c entres o n t h e A T A R I Technologies & Software, 604-299-2121; fax 604ST/SIE/TI' dc Portfolio product line and I 2994749. thought I would offer to enlighten Portfolio NewsBriefs readers of a communications solution which At press tim», George Slade reports that we have been ofFering our customerswhich I feel is superior to that mentioned in the Cantax has been bought by Softkey. Cameron Peters is remaining as president. artide. With all serial adaptors we have been World Series Consputer providing our customers we also indude XTERMl, a PD communicationsprogram 6raphics by Ex-Vancouverites Ellie O'Day reports that the "Inside s upporting ASCII a n d X m o de m fi l e Pitch" computer graphics shown during the transfers. Couple that with the Practical P eripherals Pocket Modem Tm . T h i s recent World Series games (that's baseball, in case you' ve been living in a cave) are modem is truly a pocket modem with dimensions of 5" X 2.25" X 1", supporting b ased on t e chnology created by e x the full HAYES command set, and uses the Vancouverite M i chael H a r ris. Called SuperVision, the system can find and track standard RJll modularphone jack cord. A DB9 to DB25 adaptor is induded with the fast moving objects in threeAimensional space and provides an instant graphic Specifications on the modem are as reproduction of the action. Information such as the speed and trajectory of the pitch follows: can be shown. 800/1200/2400 bpsOperation Modes Here's how it works: SuperVision uses Automatic Adapthre Equalization two small stationary high-speed black and Automatic Answer Mode white video cameras, one each behind the 2400 Smartmodem compatible third and first baselines. The two images are User Definable Nonvolatile RAM fed into a spedal effects generator, an RGB Tone or Pulse Dialing c onverter, an imaging board in a 48 6 Unique Software Speaker computer and a SiTicon Graphics 810 VGX Bell 101 - 800 bps, Bdl 212A or V.22 • 5-D workstation. Each pitch is stored in the 1200 bps, V.22bis • 2400 Line powered, under normal operation PC on a Clipper database. According to the company, the system does not require batteries or an AC power can help teach pitchers and evaluate their supply. performances, and can be easily adapted to 5 Year Parts snd Labour Warranty The packnfte oiFered in the UK, Portfolio tennis, golf, cricket, and other applications. The inventor says he developed the and 1200 bau8 modem was listed o 400 UKP concept in t h e g arage of hi s I r vine, which is roughly 4800.00 CDN. California home on an Apple computer. Our system: T he inventor teamed up with h i s Portfolio, 2400 Pocket Modem, Serial brother Brian Hams, who left a real estate interfacee $558.99 CDN. practice in Vancouver, cousin Bob Harris Dare to compare. and two others to develop and market the system. Their company, SZL Sportsight Inc. Quay Computers is a Canadian corporation trading on the New Westminster, B.C. Vancouver Stock Exchange with a whollyowned U.S. subsidiary. Thanksfor thein

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Contiasrcd onPage 8

Contact: SZL Sportsight Inc., 604/682-7335, Fax 685-5844;Platinum Publicity, 604r682-1 588.

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8 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV'91 blue~ey screens. As you have noted in the article, most of the conditions I have described are not Please find enclosed a cheque in the educational problems but to date they are amount of $24.95 for a year's subscription to not considered medical problems, either. Paper. I would like the British They are considered mostly optometric Tkc C Columbia Lower Mainland edition. problems. I picked up your paper in Vancouver in If I can be of any further assistance, late summer, and bought a computer using please call. your ads. I figure that I saved about one to Yours truly, two hundred dollars by comparing prices in Vancouver andover one thousand dollarsif J.C. Thompson, OD, FAAO I had purchased the same computer in Optometrist Saskatchewan. North Vancouver, B.C.

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Further comments re the George Slade article in Tkc Computer Paper ("ATale of Two Dyslexlcs" — Sept. '91). As an optometrist who works with vision and its effects on reading disabilities, I can add that there are a number of optical properties of computers that help some of these children. Some common problems with these children are: farsightedness, convergence excess, co n v ergence i n s u f f iciency, accommodative infaciTity, suppression, near point field constriction. A l l o f t h ese conditions and associated symptoms are reduced as the distance from the eyes to the reading material is increased. The typical child will hold reading material at 12-15 inches from his eyes while the computer is at a 50% greater distance of20-24 inches. Other advantages'are increased print size compared to bo oks and reduced amount of i n formation on a p age as compared to books. In addition, some hyperactivity/agitation of children is calmed with multiwoloured or

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More on Dyslexia I read with interest Mr.. Slade'6 article entitled " A T a l e o f T w o D y slexics" (Sept/91). I a m a L earning Assistance teacher and frequently work with children such as those you described in your article. I'm constantly looking for methodologies or materials which will help these children learn. H a v e you any suggestions for computer software you consider beneficial? This school district uses IBMwompatible machines. Thanks. Yours truly, Joan Campbell Telkwa, B.C. Wi rcccirycd an amasing amount fo mail regarding Ccorgc'4 article/ it sccms to kartc addressed a dtypicdcec to mayty ptrttp/c. Thanks do all wko wyuscin. In this inc, wc present "Z4 Ena/dcd ComPufcr, an artick abouf comPuter userswko kattcfound a tccknolcgical aid to /keir disabilities. Frmm knowlcdgc cmncs rtisdtrmv they

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 9 SOth SideS NOW I have been a frequent reader of The Gnspuser Papersince I came to B.C. two years ago and somethnes felt the need to write but never quite got myself to do it until now. The paper is really informative and usually looks at issues from a clean perspective, understandable to anyone in or out of the computer Beld. I think that is great. There ire two things I would like to point out, however. The Srst relates to an artide in your October 1991 issue by Bob Loblaw and it is probably what got me to write to you. I have seen a lot of artides about Windows, all talking about its great features and upcoming versions, and that is all right. But the reader, particularly the non~omputer one,needs more than to read (again) about the great features that supposedly Windowsis going to bring them. That is why I think Bob Loblaw's artide is revealing. Anyone who seriously works with Windows with many applications all the dme will undoubtedly encounter innumerable problems not listed among the "features" of Windows. I have used many operating systems, and I think Windows is a great improvement over MS-DOS, but to compare it to the Macintosh environment is de6nitely degrading the latter, as Bob correctly points out. Well done and thanks for showing the "other side." That brings me to my next point, which is something I have seen many times in Tyie CeaipisterPaper. Some of your articles on general issues (like printers, scanners, hard disks, etc.) fail to explain to the reader that they refer to a specific kind of systeni, generally MS-DOS. In your October 1991 i ssues, the article in q u estion is t h e "Monitors and Display Adapters" by Roedy Green, I thiiak the artide itself is great, very thorough and complete, but if Fails to warn the reader that it is only referring to standards and monitors as they are known in the MS-DOS world. A l t hough I would always like to read about the issuesmonitors, in this case — from both Mac and MS-DOS points of view, I realize this might be di8icult, because some writers are just committed to one operating system. It might be a good idea to get two persons to write about the same issue, one for MS-DOS, and one for Mac„so thatpeople read the one they care more about, and those seehng advice can compare accordingly. At the very least, writers should spedfy in the' intro that they are going to concentrate in one operating system, and that things are viewed difFerently from the "other side." Thomas C. Garcia Santiago, Dominican Republic. Bob Loblate replies: Thanksfor the Iasdos. hgreed, too often, umtn's, like eoaipster eemmltaats andmrelav, edl whet theykame, ae oppesed to what sewed te bestfor tiiej ok Oa that note, ice make aa effort each issue to rctai» a bmaet vieie o f the "big pietiiev eat there. This isle,y seethat it's sot just PCs that get attacked by einua; aetj est the big guys that eeN Uaia baaed. O f coarse, ae iavariaHy get teNels from users of this-or that coaipeter/seftware/ whaieeer, telliag es ae fagot about their great product, but rue loverveeiviag maiL Espeeialfy E-mail — there's no tvtypiag necessary. The addressesand nemhea ate ia the masfheacL Speaking of mail,tee get TONS o f mponsas te lac! moath's Fuestioaaaiea Coocftccckta al tehn catered aad thanks for the eommeats and stsggestioae.Eeep 'eta anaiag.

'91), in which Steve BaHmer is quoted as saying, "It's important to ensure that OS/2 users migrate quickly to Windows." I can' t imagine how this statement could possibly be directed to any serious OS/2 user. What I do under OS/2 has no counterpart under Wmdows. Without going into lengthy technical details, let me just say that I exploit OS/2's preemptive multitashng capabihties, rich set of base inter-process communications, and fully protected environment to develop custom LAN-based client/server appncations. I use a stand%one OS/2 system to create and test a custom LANimaed solution (MS LanManager), consisting of a mix of OS/2, PM, and bound (an executablethat

•

runs under OS/2 as well as DOS) processes. Without actually being connected to a LAN, I can fully emulate the LAN environment. My executables run the same, whether on a workstation, server, or standalone OS/2. I can only condude, that Steve Bahner's comments are ahned at those who have not yet tried OS/2. If that's the case, then he is t he one guilty of practising FUD. I a m speaking here as a software developer of business solutions. I sympathize with those who can't justify throwing out their DOS and Windows applications in order to run a superior operating system. What I am saying, is that it's not a simple OS/2 versus Windows issue. With respect to OS/S or Win82/NT, or

To the editor: A s someone who h a s u sed O S / 2 exclusively for three years, and benefited Rom its special capabilities, I am perplexed

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Contintsed cniPage 10

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FUD Detectoralerts OSl2 User

whatever it's being called today, even Microsoft has pointed out that this yet to be demonstrateZenvironment is targeted at the high end RISC workstation and 486 M mhz market. They further add that 8 megabytes vkll be the minimuin memory required. As for degivery, given Microsoft's track record, I would indeed be surprised to see this in second quarter ' 92 , f u l ly debugged and operational. Why would I the developer and any other serious OS/2 user, want to drop what's available now. for some future intangible, which may or may not ever be delivered. I' ve seen OS/2 2.0 running Winapps, and I' ve seen the new 2.0 workplace shell

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that gives OS/2 Mac-like object oriented capabilities. I'm more excited now about OS/2 than I' ve ever been. My hope is that 2.0 will allow userswith DOS and Windows i nvestments t o f i n a ll y d i scover f o r themselves what the fuss is really all about. I think this is what is really worrying Steve Ballmer of Microsoft. Yours truly, Claude Biron Systems Analyst, B C T el e p h one Company Wcshare your enthusiasmfor OS/2 2.0, and thc edlrasccd technology it mprcscnts. However, as thcfcetums on worhstetioss endUsuEpoint out, people buy apphcations, not operating systems. Wc suspect that users will realise Windows' iaadcrpiacics is the areas you mentionedj ust about thc time that Microso ft 's marhctisg suschina tcNS thema. Vyiisissue'sfactum articks, wc hoPe, scrrjc to inustrutc how, when thc going gets tough, thc tough gst worhstetiorss. As u» start PumPing cocr largeramounts o f data thpeugh our eaachises,ue bsgis to sae thcareas whomPCs, Macs, ctc., don) mcesum uP. Someuscm might ncrpcr seed thc power of a worhstatiors, but it's «icc to hsow ukat's arreihcbic — rend uky. As for ukat Mr. Ballmcr's bem pructssr'sg ue wcmgoing to say thc same thing oa pag»54 oj mir lest issue. Did anyone cise notice r

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Lapliait 11L Oeliae Help, One Yasr Wsrrsesr Darmraisimemal medemfsesdrea SIIP

• Full Tower Case

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810-1RSI Sh'eat, Mem West>minster, B.C. Canada V3$I 4IC3

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 11 •

Local Software Heroes at Softworld bf Cathalyepa Labostc4'atith

Randy M a c C allum , co - f o under, announced that Motion Works' new standalone animation product, PROMotion, will be compatible with System 7, and will be ready formarket in December of this year. Also, MacCallum said that an upgrade to their ADDMotion animation authoring tool will also be available this year.

this board installed in it is moved, a pierdng alarm sounds until the computer stops oftworld '91 ( September 22-25) moving; a kind of car alarm for your PATHFINDER SOFIWARE brought together over 250 software computer. W h i t e m ade a gr and exit 1577 West Georgia St., Vancouver V4G developers and investors from Asia- caxxying the screaming computer out of the 2VS Teh 68246$$ Fax: 6824829 Pacific countries. Delegates from China, room, Ken B a i l ey, P r e sident, g a v e a Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, presentation on t heir human Canada and the U.S. had an opportunity to MOTION WORKS INC. resources/payroll software called Star make their salespitches in Sxst~cd trading ¹$00-1554 West 6th Avert Vancouver Garden HR that operates in DEC, AS/400, forums V6H 16A Teh 752%289 Fax' 752 ti606 The trading forums were limited to only seven minutes per comf y . A n electronic timer was rigged so that when the green I light came on it was your turn to go. Within that seven minutes companies had to give historical background, explain a complex, high technology product complete with slide show, video, or overhead transparencies. Then it was, uh oh, yellow light on the box, two minutes leR to make a pitch for money, distribution, or marketing partners, and tell the folks where you aw be reached, whew, red light — nextl S ome presenters forgot to tell t h e m: ' .e>2 audience where their company was from, and sometimes even who t hey were. However, considering the high-pressure situation these delegates were placed in, I think it went relatively smoothly, except for a few companies that got tripped up by their audiovisual equipment. Here is a snapshot of some of the local heroes that made it through this adrenalineproducing event; most of them were hoping to attract venture capitalists, investors, marketing partners, and distributors:

HP, HPUX and RS/6000 environments.

QUORUIN COINPUTER GROUP

521 East 5th Ave., Vancouver V5T 1H4 Teh 8794886 Fax: 8794214 Jim Sccord,product manager, pointed out that Quorum doesn't just copy fioppies anymore. Quorum also creates multimedia demo disks for companies like B.C. Tel, Northern Digital, and Roland. Their latest project was to do the demo disk, complete with animation and sound for Softworld. Duxing Sofiworld, Quorum's demo was in action on computer texminals in the foyer to give delegates background information on

Grntincscd onPage 12

J UD G E M E N T H QW

OA Y

S E R I O U S D O Y O U T A K E Q U A L IT Y t:QN T R O L ?

• • 0

BOLD POINT SOFTWARE LTD. ¹701-540 West Cordova St., Vancouver V6B2VS Teh 687-2000 Fax: 6884911 Allen Morton, Dirc:ctor, and Kerry Johnston, President, di d a t a g - team presentation about Bold Point's inventory c ontrol software called TMAN . T h e i r products are directed at small to mediumsized Canadian businesses.

CRYSTAL INNOVATIONS LTD.

560-2755 Lougheed Highway, Port Coquitlam VSB 5'29 Teh 942-1149 Fax: 942-5196 Tim Applehurst presentc.d their A.I. tool for the Madntosh called IntraVislon.

DYNAMIC SIGNAL ANALYSIS CORP.

450-$700 Gilmore Way, Burnaby Tch 4$$8515 Produces a vibration~onitoxing system with mentBdrivcn software. Markets a predictive maintenance system to pulp and paper mills, and also markets to militaxy and industxy. Price: $1540,000; up to $1,000,000 for online systems.

MACDONALD-DHl W I LER ®c

ASSOC.

15800 Commerce Parkway, Richmond V6V2JS Teh 278-5411 FaTr 278-2117 Bernie Clark, Director of Sales, gave a fascinating performance on the satellite ground stations (Landsats) that MDA p roduces for t h e p u r p ose o f e a r t h observations for meteorology, resource management, defence, and aviation, and on the Canadian Space Station.

ININDFUGHT TECHNOLOGIES INC. 218-5700 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, B.C. V5G4M1 Teh 4844465 Fax: 4500144 Bruce; White, VP ave a showstopper demonstration of Mindflight's Safetec Alarm Card. When a computer with

Marketing, g

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12 T HE COMPUTER PAPER N O V r91 •

all the attendees. There was even a map of the world, where you could click on a country and get a list of the companies attending the conference (rom that country. S ecord announced that t hey will b e releasing a new Windows application in 1992.

•

media Unix product that is now in beta test.

TGI TECHNOLOGIES LlD. 107 E. 3rd. Ave., Vancouver V5T 2C'7 Teh 8726676 Fxc 8724604

Doug hauteur, former Vice President of TGI, a 22~ p l oyee branch o(6ce of Trade Globe of Los Angeles, Toronto and Ottawa, made an eloquent presentation about their fax board product, and about their multi-

video application using Microsoft's Audio Visual Interleave platform and Microsoft's Multimedia extensions. Video Suite will allow home businesses and professionals to edit their own videos on PCs running under Windows. Ve,me Andru says Video Suite is, "Like PageMaker for video. It allows you to bring Cetstsmtsed omPage 13

VIRTUAL ACCESS SOFlWARE CORP. 408, 1040 Hamilton St., Vancouver V6B 2R9 Tel: 6884180 Fax: 68Sh168 Verne Andru, President, revealed his new Video Suite product, which is a desktop

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 13

AmiclaDOS 2.0 released; new Amiga UNIX release due The currently shipping version of Amiga VANCOUVER, B.C., OCT 18 (TCP)Ken Moren of the Computer Store reports Unix comes with OpenLook, the graphical brisk trade in upgrades to the new release of interface found on Sun Workstations, AmigaDOS — the longwwaited 2.0 release. utilities from GNU Software such as its Amiga owners will find that this upgrade is highly respected C compiler and emacs full more comprehensi ~ d , at $199, more screeneditor, plus RFS andNFS networking expensive — that previous upgrades. The new utilities and the Korn shell. Additionally, there are megabytes of on-line help pages r elease, launched in V a ncouver at a Commodore-hosted dealer orientation and available via Unix's "man" command end a training seminar October 22,.consists of new beginnermriented set of bound manuals, K ickstart ( o p erating system) R O M s , although t he com p l e t e set of WorkBench (GUI) and ARexx (interprocess AT&T/Prentice Hall Unix manuals must be communication) software, plus a complete purchased separately. manual. Amiga SOOO owners, as "early adopters" of that machine's beta version of the 2.0 OS, have already begun to receivetheir free upgrades to the final release version. In other Amiga news, Moren reports that, as an Amiga SOOOUX owner, he is very pleased with Commodore's implementation o f Uni x S ystem V. 4 f o r t h e A m i g a (sometimes referred to as AMIX 2.0) and the system's performance. He adds that owners of other Unix systems in its price range (around $9000for a complete 25MHz Amiga SOOOUX system with color monitor, 8MB of RAM and a 200MB hard drive) "can't believe how fast it is." In fact, Byte magazine found that it outperformed equivalent NeXT and Macintosh machines running U n i x (M a c h a nd A/ U X , respectively). A basic system, consisting of an Amiga SOOO with 4MB RAM, 100MB hard drive, and color monitor is $7200. In both cases, Unix is preloaded and ready to go.

The X-Window implementation in the current release is version S, but, as Moren reports, there is a new release of AMIGA UNIX due "any time now," that will have the most recent version of X-Window, X11 R4. Amiga Unix is missing a few finishing touches — mostly minor things like a menudrlven system administration utility that has a few menu items that don't do anything yet, but generally, Moren reports, the system is stable and robust. "Besides," he adds, "most System Administrators would do that sort of thing via the command line, anyway."

•

in audio, video, titles and music, organize it and sequence it , t h e n a u t omatically assemble presentations to videotape or to diskette, or generate an industry-standard CMX edit decision list which can be taken to a professional postgroduction house." Most of the delegates I spoke with informaUy felt that they got their money' s worth from this convention, even though there was some initial disappointment when it was discovered that only seven attendees representing venture capital funds, and no major software distributors like Egghead were in attendance. Also, although no companycould tell me that they got an immediate benefit from the conference, like being picked up by a major i nvestor o r f or m i n g a m ark e t i n g partnership, the attendees seemed to feel that the benefits would be in the long-term. I certainly sensed that it was an energetic, simpatico crowd, especially in the close quarters of the Vancouver Harbour cruise on the MV Britannia. Softworld was an allround success, and Softworld v. 2.0 in 199S shouldbe even more successful. 0

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This last month, Compumax held a Bee draw f or a 9101 Raven Printer. Of t h e hundreds of entries, Raymond Lau, a systems analyst with BC Tel, shown here with

Contact: Ken Moren, The Computer Store, 604rr273-8443; Commodore, 604/421~3.

%?VIVE sag

+ SIERRA

SoftWorld G ~.p~p~i~

A lthough t he Am ig a ' s nat i v e multitasking operating system AmigaDOS cannot run concurrently with Unix, the two can coexist on the same hard drive. Unix compatibility is said to be good. One user of SCO Unix reports that he was able to port a 10,000 line application from the SCO Unix environment to the Amiga in about 45 minutes.

•

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14 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91

a co

Announcing...

First Impressions of Ap p le's PowerBook Portables

A Canadian Payroll 8 Personnel System

Enhanced Compatlblllty

The PowerSook 100 i s

• Paymate 5.0 is compatible with most

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shown here with its external

popular accounting, database, and spreadsheet packages i ncluding: ACCPAC, dBASE 4 Lotus 1-2-3.

Nore Powerful Reporting

Increased Ease of Use • Context-sensitive Help, automatic

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• Paymate features several new reports a long with in ~ f lexib i l ity i n report selection. • High quality, informative output can be sent to either the screen or printer.

popup calendar, calculator, and

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seem simple.

Improved Functionality and Flexlblllty

• Multiple pay periods, multiple pay rates, and multiple pay slips and cheques for any period. • Supports commissions, lump sum payments,piece work payments, and more extensive earnings, benefits, and deductions.

Paymate 20 $ 1 8 9.00 Ideal for companies with up to 20 employees. Paymate Plus $489.00 For larger businesses. For a FREE demo and SPECIAL OFFER contact: AK Microsystems

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FUJ I KAMA O.A. DISTRIBUTION(WESTERN) INC.

T OR O N T O , O N T A R IO , OC T 2 1 (TCP) — Apple Canada has released three new portable Macintoshes, the PowerBook models 100, 140 and 170. 7%sGnapu ter P~ had an opportunity for a handhon test of the PowerBooks. Our initial impressions w ere generally favorable, with a f e w concern L The C$2595 PowerBook 100 is the lowend model (Apple's PR department prefers the term high-volume), and is said to be builtby Sony. Powered by a 16 MHz 68000 processor, the 5.5yound PowerBook 100 is comparable in performance and features to

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• CONTI • INTERNATIONAL PC MARKET

Apple's earlier 1 6 -pound M a cintosh Portable. Of course, a few niceties found in the original Portable had to go to get the weight and size down so dramatically...an internal Soppy drive, for example. That's right, the PowerBook 100 doesn't have a built-in floppy disk drive, but, unlike Apple USA's

policy of selling an "optional" Soppy drive, all Canadian PowerBook 100s vriP only be sold bundled with the external drive. The PowerBooks 140 and 170 utilize 68050 CPUs, running at speeds of 16 and 25

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 15

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0''.'

16 THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91 Of course, a few niceties found in the original Portable had to go to get the weight and size down so dramatically...an internal floppy drive, for example. That's right, the PowerBook 100 doesn't have a built-in floppy disk drive, but, unlike Apple USA's

(7.5 lbs, including an internal sendfax modem) zips along like a Mac IIsi. Both come with an internal floppy drive and audio input capabilities not present in the PowerBook 100. The first thing one notices about a pohcy of selling an "optional" fioppy drive, PowerBook is the centrally-positioned all Canadian PowerBook 100s will only be trackball. ( W e a s sume t hi s u n usual sold bundled with the external drive. placement is for the benefit of left-handers.) T he PowerBooks 140 and 17 0 a r e The large fiat areas suxrounding this lovektpowered by more-powerful 68050 CPUs, or-hatchet pointing device make a convenient r unning at speedPs of 16 and 20 M H z wxistwest. The new standard4ayout keyboard respectively. This pegs the 140 (6.5 lbs) at has no function keys or numeric keypad, allabout the speed of a Mac Ilcx, white the 170 inw~ow cursor keys (ughl), a vexy shallow

key travel, and a light feel. Fortunately, an external keyboard and/or mouse can be plugged into the unit's ADB (Apple Desktop Bus) port. An external keypad is also planned. We found the position of the trackbail b utton to b e s o mewhat close to t h e spacebar — so dose, in fact, that it is easy to hit the button by accident while typing. The PowerBooks 140 and 170 have a raised lip between the two, presumably to prevent this. We wonder why the model 100 doesn' t. On the other hand, the 100 has one feature that its more expensive siblings do not: a "dochng station" feature that allows the PowerBook to access the hard drive of a d esktop Mac. T his is similar t o ( b u t according to an Apple spokesman, not based upon) technology found in the OutBound portable — which Apple earlier licensed the rights to. I t seems a b i t s t r ange t h a t t h e PowerBooks — presumably designed to be carried around — come without a handle or carrying case. We also found it curious that none of the three models have grayscale displays. An Apple spokesperson claimed that current grayscale displays didn't offer acceptable performance, but based on some PC notebooks we' ve seen recently, we wonder if it wasn't more of an economic dedsion on Apple's part. Even more curious is the fact that,

/ 'r D ESKTO P M E D l A Toner Cartridge Recharge Plain PaperFaxMachines 'Personal Captors ' Laser Printers -

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NeXPO '91 datesset for Vancouver 8 Victoria

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although the models 140 and 170 have Apple's 52-bit Color QuickDraw in ROM, there is no video out connector, or Applebrand color or grayscalevideo adapter options planned. We have leaxned, however, that at least five third-party developers are planning to ofFer video output options that c ircumvent Apple's l ack o f a v i d e o connector. Two varieties are expected: those that plug into the SCSI connector and those that plug into the RAM expansion slot. Of the two, the latter appears to be a better choice. SCSIwonnected video devices are limited to SCSI throughput speeds and are thus expected to sufFer from hmited display performance. A company called Envisio Inc. (612/655-7694) is releasing a RAM-slot display adapter for the models 140 and 170 that will support monochrome displays (up to 21-inch) and 256 colors on Apple RGB and VGA~ompatible displays. It also sports a pass4mough slot, so that the slot may still be used for adding 2 or 4MB of RAM. The comnpany also offers a moniochromecrnly model forthe PowerBook 100. C omplaints, complaints l Ar e t h e Powerbooks perfect? No. Do we like them? Yest Of the three, the model 140 looks to be many people's favorite. With a thirdyarty color video option and an external keyboard to plug in, it offers an excellent balance between features and price. D

Advantage Computers is sponsoring NeXPO'91, a NeXT hardware and software product solutions showcase taking place in Vancouver November 6 and in Victoria on Nov. 7. It is a free event, but you must pre-

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 17 s

Oki Revisited A pparently, the p o pularity of t h e OkiLaser 400 has made th e m e mory upgrade prices more competitive. Several readers wrote or called in to advise us that third~ RAM e xpansions are available for the OL400 that go a long way toward addressing our major complaint with that printer (see OkiLaser 400 in our October '91 issue). The Print Connection (see advertisement on Page 56), for example, has third-party memory upgrades for the OL400 at prices almost one-third of those for original OKI parts. An OKI brand 1 meg expansion is about $550, while The Print Connection's is $159. The upgrade package comes with instructions and i s q u it e e asily user installable if the user has had a bit of experience with other kinds of computer installations. Users can optionally have the work done for an additional $59 for labour. Reader Paul Byford reports that another OKI400 advantage is the low cost of the toner cartidges ($59 or so). The low price is possible because, unlike Canon engines found in the popular HP laserprinters, the OKI400's toner and drum assemblies are separate. Now if someone could only offer a recychng service for the OKI cartridges.... Readers who haven't yct entered our contest to win an OktLaser printer still harps time to enter. See thc Oct. issue o f Thc Computer Paperfor dctai7s.— Ed.

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Last month we ran the wrong number for Kalman Communications Inc.'s BBS number. It is in fact: (604) 9444047.

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CALGARY, ALBERTA, SEPT 1 (TCP)Perfect Solutions has become the Canadian master distributor for the PC ACCESS Hard Drive Security System f'rom Renton Products of Seaule. The $149.99 (Cdn.) product comes complete with both 5.5 and 5.25~ch floppy media as well as separate supervisor and user manuab in order to complement the heart" of the system — an actual ISA-compatible card that can be installed into any 8bit slot on any IBM or compatible computer system. The PC ACCESS features the capability of denying any access into a computer system unul a valid password or password nnd ID combination is entered. The system is capable of maintaining an audit trail system to keep track of any and all attempts or actual "logins" into the system. The PC ACCESS also uses~o RAM unless the "HOLD" feature — a function that allows the suspension of the computer system until a password is reentered in order to re~ access — is used; this feature then only uses 10 Kilobytes of system RAIvL The PC ACCESS will operate under MSDOS 2.1 or subsequent versions and all known hard drive formats; ST406/MFM, RLL, IDE, SCSI, and ESDL Contact: Perfect Solutions, (403) 269-5790 Fax: (403) 2644i128.

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Cookin9 Lop a Story We hear that Steve Ayer, head of Brother International's Western Canada Service department has been taking some heat lately for some of the information cooked up in Chris Small's article last issue, OzoneFriend or Foe?. It seems that the description — attributed to him — of using an oven to rejuvenate ozone filters isn't such a good idea after all. Small apparently sent us an "in progress" copy of the article, which we dutifully p ublished. Ayer n o w c l a ims h e w a s misunderstood. So, folks, until we straighten this situation out with some facts, bake bread, not ozone Slters.

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Contact: Michael Riemer, Paragraph, 303-4438777; Brooke Cohan, Apple Compoter, 408-974. 3019.

BOU L D E R , C O L O R A D O , O C T 7 (NB) — Paragraph International, a joint Soviet~e ri can business venture company, Mono VideoCard $25 has announced that it has signed a licensing and development agreement with Apple Oak 16Bit VGACard Computer f o r Pa r a g raph's cursive (800x600) $45 handwriting r e cognition technology. Financial terms of the agreement are Tricorn Excel16Bit 512K (1024x788) $80 con6dential. Paragraph technology provides Apple ATIVGA 512K OEM with a foundation for recognition of printed, ( Exp. 1 MB) $ 1 4 0 written or block handwritten text, and could be used to develop recognition systems for ATI VGA XL 512K formulas, symbols, and iimple graphics. (ExP.1MB, blouse) $238 A P a r agraph s p o kesperson told Newsbytes that the system is already available 14" TrL Monochrome 486-based PCs, but didn't know what Monitor $115 for speci6c uses Apple planned to make of the Goldstar 14' 640x480 t echnology. Sh e s a i d s o m e typical .31dp Monitor $310 applications for handwriting technology include automatic routing of incoming Goldstar 14'1024x768 faxes, and handwriting recognition in .28dp Monitor $355 security applications. It could also be used veri6cation of check signatures, but she G o l dstar14'640x480 for said banks are still unsure of how their . 4 1 dp Monitor $285 customers would react to such usage. Paragraph International says they do not market directly to the end consumer, but rather to O E M s ( o r iginal ecluipment Raven 9101 $185 manufacturers) such as Apple. The company Raven 2416 $289 sees handwriting recognition as a natural to the development of pen-based Raven 2418 $375 adjunct computing, a newly developing technology Fujitsu DL1100 $345 currentlybeing pursued by a number of Fujit u DL3450 $499 manufacturers. Previously announced recognition s y stems for p e n -based c omputers reciuire the u ser t o p r i n t characters. Pe n s ystem users enter information directly onto a digitizing tablet Gro up Purchase or screen instead of using a keyboard. Paragraph JV, the Soviet half of the joint Discounts Available venture, started development of cursive • Leasing, Personal handwriting recognition technology in 1989, Financing Available in aKliation with two Soviet agencies, the Council for Economics and Mathematics, and the Academy of National Economics. • Customer Support The Apple agreement is not an exdusfve, 8 Service Line: and Paragraph says they are exploring similar licensing agreements with other Tel. 276-2080 Paragraph recognition technology • Fr e e Service EstimatesOEMs. consists of Calligrapher, software which can • On-site Service Avallabl decipher written text as it is written„and the basis for the penMsed recognition system; and Parascript, a static recognition system used with an OCR (optical character reader) for such applications as scanning an incoming fax header sheet and routing the

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CUPERTINO, CALIFORNIA, OCT 10 (NB) —Newsbytes has learned that there is a whole slew of vendors who are prc;paring products that will be compatible with Apple's new Notebook computers. The Notebook introduction is slated to take place on October 21 at Comdex/Fall Newer Te ch n o l ogies, Lifetime Memories, T e c hnology W o r k s, PSI Integration, and Computer Care are all preparing torelease 2, 4, and 6 MB RAM upgrades for the Notebooks. CD Technologies will have a portable CD-ROM player available as well as a 100MB hard disk Also offering hard disk upgrades or replacement units will be Liberty Systems, CMS Enhancements,and Microtech. Most new product introductions that are compatible with the Notebook will revolve around communications. Not only will Apple introduce a 2400 baud modem of its own, but Global Village will show a 9600 baud fax modem and three other modem models with different capabilities. These products will be named LapFax, TelePort, IapPort V.32, and FullFax. Shiva will have its s eries of p r oducts that will b e f u l l y compatible with the Notebooks, induding the NetModem, NetModem/E, TeleBridge, NetBridge, FastPath, and E t herGate. Lifetime Memory will show an internal modem as wiH PSI Integration which will also have a portable V.32-based modem. Dayna, Asante, and Nuvotech will have SCSI Ethernet Adapters ready for the n ew machines. If you don't particularly care for Apple's choice of display technology, then Envisio, Radius, Aura Systems, Computer Care, Lifetime Memories, and InFocus are ready to step in and take care of your needs with video adapters and LCD panels. Lind Electronic Design will offer power adapters, battery replacements for longer operation, and chargers. Kensington will 611 in the gap of carrying cases along with Madson Line. While Premier Technology will supply you with handles, shoulder straps, or locking devices so that others cannot access your computer without your knowledge.

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Apple Canada Unveils New Printers,Cuts Prices T O R O N T O , O N T A R IO , O C T 1 0 (NB) — Apple Canada unveiled two new highwnd laser printers and a scanner at MacWorld Canada The company has also cut prices on a number of products. Apple Canada used the occasion of the s econd M acWorld C a n ad a s ho w t o announce the availaMity in Canada of its two new high-end LaserWriter printers, which the parentcompany had unveiled a few days earlier. The LaserWxiter IIg and IIf are the first Apple printers to use Adobe's Postscript Level I I p a g e d e scription language. In Canada, they carry suggested retail prices of C$5,899 for the IIg and C$4,599 for the I I f . C o ntroller board

•

company said, and users can use their Macintoshes to call in reservations. The stack costs C$20. Animatics, an Ottawa computer graphics and animation company, said it will shortly release Impresario, a cii~iimation product that will s upport various Macintosh presentation software packages. Due for release in January, Impresario will contain color and monochrome Scrapbook and PIGS files with business and educational themes. Berkeley Systems of Berkeley, California, showed More After Dark The New Batch, a selection of new displays for its After Dark

•

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV'91 19

• s •

s creen s aver. A n n Cra m p t on , a n scanning frequendes of Sl to'81 hlohertz international marketing official from horizontal and 50 to 150 hertz vertical Berkeley, also told Newsbytes the company is indude the 174nch CI'-17A and the 2llinch in the process of adapting products for CI'-20A. Both are slated to be available in blind computer users, including a voice . December. A dual~ ve r sion of Ikegami's synthesis system called Outspoken that won Trinitron CT-20, the CT-20D, is to be ' a Computerworld Smithsonian award, to released by yearcnd. The CN-21A, with a Microsoft Windows. Berkeley hopes to 'fiat square screen, is to be available in release Windows versions of all its products March of 1992. for the blind within a year, Crampton said. SuperMac Technology of Sunnyvale, lkegami Electronics of Klmhurst, Illinois, Califoinia, cut prices on its Spectrum eightunveiled five new monitors for Macintosh bit graphics cards from C$1,250 to C$999. and IBMcompatible PCs. The CN-20A is a T he company also announced an acro~ e 20-inch maxi~ c m o nitor, now shipping. board increase of warranty protection to five New Trinitron models with automatic years for both eight&t and obit cards.

upgrades are C$5,629 and C$1,989

respectively. A pple also announced th e A p p l e OneScanner, which it said is the first controlled by a single button. The Canadian suggested retail price is C$1,659. On the eve of MacWorld, Apple Canada cut prices on several midrange Macintosh models. The price for the Mac IIsi with three megabytes of memory and a 40megabyte hard disk was cut f'rom C$5,015 to C$5,270. That of the Mac IIci with five megabytes of memory and an 80-megabyte drive was reduced Rom C$7,940 to C$5,360. Other new prices are: C$2,599 for the Macintosh LC with two megabytes of memory and 44negabyte drive; C$1,729 for the Mac Classic with two megabytes of memory and 44negabyte drive; C$1,429 for the Personal LaserWriter LS p r inter; C$2,819 for the Personal LaserWriter NT printer, C$619 for the StyleWriter printer; C$519 f o r t he M ac i n t osh 1 2 - inch monochrome display;and C$659 for the Madntosh 1Nnch RGB color display. Contact: David Wright, Apple Canada, 416%775800; john Elias or Julie Rusciolelli, National Public RelatIons for Apple Canada, 416-860-0180, fax 416-860-1094.

MacWorld Canada: Networking, Multimedia Popular

T OR O N T O , O N T A R I O , OC T 1 0 ( NB) — Multimedia t e c h n ology a n d networking were hot topics at MacWorld Canada as a variety of hardware and software vendors unveiled new products. Linker Systems of Irvine, California, released alpha test copies of version 2.0 of The Animation Stand, its animation and aint software. The final release is expected ter this year, Linker said. The new version has an assortment of added features, induding a completely pictorial interface, a "subscription" feature similar to System 7's publish and subscribe but that does not require System 7 to work, a user<efined toolbox, HyperCard help, and assorted new paint features. Artbeats, of San Bernardino, California, announced that it s Backgrounds for Multimedia Volume 2, a package of 40 computergenerated background images, in now available. Designed to work with desktop presentations, slides, threedimensional m o d e l l in g pr o g r ams, animation, or video, the package is available only on CD-ROM and requires a Macintosh II, SE-30 or higher with four megabytes of memory, a CD-ROM drive, and a color or monitor. Artbeats also unveiled Dimensions Volume 5 , a pac k ag e o f fu l l - page encapsulated PostScript grids, high-tech perspectives, and reliefs. This is meant for desktop publishers from n o vices to professionals, the company said. Placemat Productions of T o r onto launched Toronto Eats, an electronic restaurant guide in the form of a Hyper Card stack It can print maps showing the dosest subway station to each restaurant, the

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support for System 7, and an automatic file recognition f e ature t h a t d e t ermines automatically what is the original format of a file to be converted. An interface for Microsofi Windows has also been added, the vendor said. Contacts:Alfredo Coppola, Animatics, 613-2359000, fax 613-233-7157; Debra Bates, Artbears, 714481-1200, fax 714481M33; Ann Crampton, Berkeley Systems, 510-540-5535, fax 510-540, 5115; Stew. Traplin, Caravalle, 613-596-2802, fax 613-596-9659;Stacey Graham, Dataviz,203-2680030, fax 203-268-4345; Suzanne Arnold, lkegami,708434-9774, fax 708-8344689; Toni Poper, Linker Systems, 714-552-1904, fax 714552-6985; Mark Hylend, Placemat Productions, 416-960-3834, fax 416-515-0049; Jennifer Delamare,SuperMac, 408-773-4403, fax 408-7357250.

Aldus Ships Superpaint 3.0 •

SuperPaint 3.Q features many teer-off palettes, such as those shown here. The program now fully supports color. In the centerof the screenis a selection of complex full-color patterns and scans which can be used as fills or brushes. Some of the many brushes, object selection and shape drawing options are shown in the palethes in the lower left. At the top right is a blank palette which can be configured with frequently-used fills. Note the gradient fill in the letters.

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On the networking side, Ottawa-based Caravelle Networks announced Mac<o-Mac Networks, software that uses standard pagers, electronic mail, and alarms at the terminal to alert network managers to ,yotenrial problemL The software monitors all AppleTalk registered nodes, servers, routers, printers, and network services, and notifies the manager when any of these disappears from or r eappears on the network At present the software works only with Macintoshes, a company official said, but a version that will monitor all devices on a TCP/IP network is under development. DataViz, of Trumbull, Connecticut, said it has updated MacLinkPlus/PC, its sofLware for transferring and translating files between Macintosh and DOS PCs. The new release offers more than 200 new translations,

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SEATTLE, WASHINGTON , SEP 24 (NB) — Aldus Corporation has announced that it is now shipping Superpaint S.O, its i ntegrated p a i nt , d r a w a n d im a g e enhancement program for the Macintosh. The company says S.O is a m aj or upgrade, with new features supporting both black~dmhite and color as well as 1~ 8; 16and SNat documents. Users with an @bit monitor can use over 16 milhon colors. Other significant features include texture fills, gradients, hot keys and imageenhancement capaMities. Aldus says users can achieve photos ealistic technology to their project using Superpaint S.O For texture fills, users am use the Aldus built-in selections, create high-resolution paint'and draw textures themselves, or import EPS textures created with otherprograms, such as Aldus Freehand. The texture'fills can be applied in both paint and draw layersof a document. Gradients can also be created in both the paint and draw layers, and users can create Postscript-language gradients in the draw layer. Up to 256 colors can be applied to a single gradient, and users can specif'y the direction and type of gradient fill using a palette of over 18 million true and dithered colorL

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Hot keys provide access to tools and palettes with a single key stroke, eliminadng the necessity to go through several layers of menus. According to Taylor, the new Superpaint is easier to learn and use. "Users benefit I'rom a reduced learning curve," she said The image enhancement capability allows the user to balance color, mask, smudge, difiuse, lighten or darken, Invert and adjust brightness and contrast of their images. Superpaint S.O has a suggested retail price of $199. Registered owners of earlier versions of Superpaint can upgrade for $65, plus shipping and tax. A Mac Plus, Classic, SE, Portable, SE/80, LC or II series with2 megabytes (MB) of RAM is required, along with a hard drive and an 800 kilobyteSoppy drive forblacked-white work. For color, Aldus says you need at least 2MB of RAM but recommends 4MB. Also needed is the S2-bit Quickdraw product. Superpaint S.O is system 7.0 compatible. For more information about Superpaint S.O contact Silicon Beach Software (the Aldus subsidiary that developed Superpaint) at 6196954956. Coritact: Joanne Rush, Silicon Beach Software, 619695-6956.

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MacWorld Canada: PanelistsFocus on System 7 TORONTO, ONTARIO, OCT 10 (NB)Neither John Sculley nor any other senior Apple executive was at the microphone to kick off the second MacWorld Canada show this week. Instead, System 7, the latest release of the Macintosh operating system, was the star. Visitors were, however, treated to some thoughts from well-known industry analyst Amy Wohl and others from outside and i nside Apple c o ncerning wh ere t h e technology may lead. A three-hour keynote session led off with Allan Rubinsky, system software manager at Apple Canada, demonstrating the key features of System 7. "The big news at MacWorld," Rubinsky said, "continues to be System 7 and System 7 applications." After Rubinsky's demo, though, Wohl offered here views on System 7 applications pr'esent and future. Current System 7 software, Wohl said, takes advantage of a few of the operating system's features at best. "If I had to describe all these applications as group," Wohl said, "my summary word would be 'boring.'" Applications that really take advantage of System 7 should start to appear early next year, Wohl forecast. The first of these will be major upgrades of existing software. By late next year, she added, allow packages built around System 7's capabilities will start to emerge. Among the possibilities, Wohl said, are desktop publishing application that enhance integration with other applications, and multimedia tools. Panelist Bob LeVitus, most recently distinguished as the author of the book

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Stupid Mac Trkks,said that while the publish and subscribe capabiTities in System 7 are little used in current applications, they will come to be v ery useful. Publish and subscribe lets users incorporate data from one application in another application's file and have it updated automatically when the original data changes. One use for this, LeVitus said, w il l b e t o hel p s t o p mainstream applications programs like word processors Rom getting too big by letting them rely on other programs for special functions such as equation editing. Rick LeFaivre, software' director at Apple's advanced systems laboratory in Cupertino, California, offered a peek at what Apple has in mind for the future. He touched on nine areas in which the company is doing research. They include new intexfaces, both speech4ased and penbased; multimedia; and graphics — "my vision is to drive some level of graphics integration down onto the motherboard," LeFaivre said. Other technologies now in the Apple labs include frameworks for distributed applications, further work on operating systems, new hardware capabilities such as digital signal processing and solid-state storage, w i r e l ess a n d hig h - speed communications, new software development tools, and technology for education. L eFaivre showed a v i de o c li p o f Plaintalk, a voice recognition system developed at Carnegie-Mellon University, that interpreted ordinary speech almost perfectly even when the speaker coughed, stumbled, and introduced background noise.

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Microsoft Previews Future Word For Mac

T OR O N T O , O N T A R IO , OC T 1 0 (NB) — At its booth at MacWorld Canada this week, Microsoft showed an "upcoming product" that will be the next release of Microsoft Word for the Macintosh. Jeff Smith, product manager for Word at Microsoft Canada, would not assign a v ersion number t o t h e s o f tware h e d emonstrated, but s aid i t w o ul d b e announced by the end of this year. Among the features is a simplified merge capability, which prompts the user with a dialog box and then places available merge fields at the top of the master document for the user to place them with the mouse. There is also a built-in search engine which can find files much as the Find option in System 7 does. Also, Microsoft has added a command "ribbon" at the top of the screen, allowing the u ser t o s elect common formatting options by clicking on icons. T he d e m onstrated s oftware a l so induded a grammar checker, the ability to add borders and shading to paragraphs, and support for the publish and subscribe capabilities of Macintosh System 7. The company would not comment on pricing or availability. ContacL Microsoft Canada, 416-568-0434, fax 41 6-568-1527.

CUPERTINO, CALIFORNIA, OCT 10 (NB) — Apple Computer and Sony Corp are reported to be considering a joint venture that would merge Apple's easy-to-use software with Sony's consumer electronics hardware. The report, in the Ne rrr York Times, maintains that senior executives of both companies have been d iscussing the venture, although the details are being kept secret. The reports of discussion come just two weeks before Apple launches its longawaited Macintosh notebook computers, one of which was made by Sony. The alliance, should it develop into a concrete agreement, is considered further evidence that the trend toward digital audio and video is leading to a new generation of products that are barely indistinguishable from lowed computers. The new notebook is said to be a considerable improvement over Apple's attempts at portable computing in the past. The company has tried for many years to p roduce a l i g h tweight system. T h e prospective alliance with Sony is said to have developed as a result of the cooperation between the companies in developing the new notebook As reported by Newsbytes, Apple has recently announced an industry-shaking cooperative alliance with longu e e n emy IBM, to pr oduce new object-oriented software and RISC (reduced instruction~et computing) 4med hardware.

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Apple, IBM Name joint Ventures,Discuss Details:-' = ," C..

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SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, OCI' 3 ( NB) — Two l ong-time r i v als, A p p l e Computer Chairman John Sculleyand IBM President Jack Kuehler, stood side by side October 2 and vowed that their companies would both cooperate and compete in the future. Accompanied byJim Norling, president of Motorola's semiconductor products sector, several senior Apple and IBM executives and representatives of other big names in the computer industry, Sculley and Kuehler outlined five ways in which Apple and IBM will work together. They did so before an audience of reporters, analysts, and industry executives in S a n Fra n c isco a s we l l a s at videoconference sites across the United States and in Canada and Europe. New details of the Apple-IBM alliance, the broad outlines of which were announced in early July, included the names of two joint-venture companies. Apple and IBM have created Taligent, which will develop object~riented operating software based in part on Pink, new operating software that Apple has been developing for about three years. The companies did not confirm rumors that David Liddle, chief executive of

Patriot Partners, will become CEO of Taligent. Patriot Partners is IBM's joint venture with Metaphor Computer. Systems. The firms said Taligent's operating system will be able to run applications written for IBM's OS/2 and AIX as well as Apple's System 7. They would not say, however, whether the new software is expected to replace those systems in the future, c~xist with them, or be integrated into future versions. Apple and IBM also christened Kaleida, a second joint venture that will promote standards for multimedia. Sculley said both c ompanies wil l l i c e nse t o Ka l e i d a multimedia technology that they have developed independently. Engineers from Apple and IBM will be seconded to Kaleida to work on multimedia development. Kaleida will then make its technology available to other vendors. "Multimedia won't meet its potential as an integral part of computing until uniform standards are available across the industry," said James Cannavino, IBM vice-president and general manager of personal systems. K aleida will b e b a sed i n t h e S a n Conft'rsstctI ors page 25::

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T HE COMPUTER PAPER NOV'91 2 5 Coniintssrff irxosPogs 23 Francisco area. Taligent will have its headquarters in Santa Clara, California IBM, Apple, and M otorola plan to promote a new PC hardware architecture called Power PC, based on IBM's RISC System/6000 technology. IBM and Motorola will work together at a facility in Austin, Texas, to develop and build Power PC chips, Norling saicL Motorola wiR offer these chxps to other vendors, while both IBM and Apple will build systems around them. Sculley said Madntosh models based on the Power PC architecture will be "our mainstream Madntosh by the middle of the decade." He added that he expects the RISC Macs to be th e h i ghest-volume RISC computers ever. The two companies also plan a Unixbased operating system called PowerOpen to run on Power PC4ased systems. Power Open will bring together Apple's A/UX version of Unix and IBM's AIX. Michael Spindler, president of Apple, said Power Open will reach the market in about two years. It will be able to run on a range of machines from desktop PCs to powerful workstations and servers, he said, and both Apple and IBM will ofFer it on some of their products. The companies also plan to license PowerOpen to other vendors. The Sfth point of the alliance will be an effort to simplify networhng of Ayple and I BM systems. In an effort t o m a k e i t possible for customers to more easily integrate Macintosh computers with IBM systems," Cannavino said, the, two companies will license each ot her's networking technologies (Apple's AppleTalk and IBM's Token Ring) and develop products to help their PCs work together. Sculley said the alliance with IBM would help Apple bring the Macintosh into the mainstream of personal computing. Kuehler said that despite their long-

standing rivalry and the perception that they have very different corporate cultures, Apple and IBM "have found that wc: speak common languages — dollars and cents, as well as FORTRAN and C++." But he added: Please don't think, not even for one nanosecond, that we will back off from direct competition with our own systems in the open marketplace." Just before publicly signing the last document to cement their alliance, Apple and IBM invited four personal computer industxy luminaries to the stage to add their comments on the occasion. Jim Manzi, president, chairman, and chief executive of Lotus Development, was enthusiastic about the plan to integrate the Madntosh into coxporate computing. This will benefit software developers and free computer users to concentrate on their w ork r a ther t h a n o n m a k i n g t h e i r computers work together, he said. Philippe Kahn, chairman of Borland International, praised IBM's and Apple's support for object~riented technology, which Borland has championed in the past. Ray Noorda, president and chief executive of network operatiny system vendor Novel, said networking is a natural basis for alliances" in the computer industry. Some may have been surprised to see the fourth guest, Ron Whitder, viceyresident of the software technology group at Intel. Whittier said nothing about the Power PC aspect of the Apple-IBM alliance, which seems to threaten Intel's position as the pximary supplier of processor chips to IBM. But he said the two companies' investment in objectwriented systems and multimedia 'will drive software and hardware into technology balance."

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26 THE COMPUTER PAPER N O V '91

IBM/Apple Stocks Down After Dive PN NNS INN!SIN NNPATISIE NNPSTS PNSSSTS

LEADING EDGE 0 Ooowoo l~

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NEW YORK, NEW YORK, OCl' 7 (NB)IBM and Apple stocks are still down and some Wall Street firms lowered the two companies' earnings estimates after the tumble IBM and Apple stocks took after the joint announcement by the two companies of a five~int program of cooperative plans. IBM's stock, traded on the New York Stock Exchange, fell $1.575 a share to $99.750. Apple's stock, traded on the overthewounter market, fell $1.50 a share to $48.25 on 1.4 million shares. When asked why the fall in stock prices, a Merrill Lynch financial consultant in Los Angeles, who asked not to be named, told Newsbytes the profit scenario doesn't look good for IBM or Apple in the short term.

Eventually the merger will be very good for both companies, but the economy is coming in weaker than was originally expected, and the announced strategy is a longcerm one. The consultant told Newsbytes Merrill Lynch is looking more favorably at Apple's prospects than IBM's, especially since the announcement of PowerOpen, the newly planned Unix-based operating system for smaller reduced instruction set chip-based (RISC4ased) computers, will be Macintosh compatible. He quoted Merrill Lynch as saying: 'By obtaining IBM's blessing Apple adopted a brilliant strategy." Two days after the announcement and one day after the drop in its stock, IBM announced price cuts on its Personal

Apple Rumors Spur Market Oata Train I

4LR IVY r

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BOSTON, OCT 4 (NB) — It was volume that made the Apple Macintosh market this week Coming on the heels of the rumors of model changes that are ex p ected a t Comdex, the buyers and sellers are shuSling hardware anticipating a change in the market. It's a little comical because until there are announcements, the market can' t really decide what to do. There is more hardware in transit than there are prices in fiux. The most important rumor is of the discontinuation of the Madntosh FX and its impending replacement at the top of the Madntosh line. This is leading people to buy the Macintosh CX hoping there will be an upgrade kit that makes a CX into the new top-of-the-line model. You see, it's all speculation that is based on what people think might occur. Down in the market trenches, the Mac a•

IIcx dosed at $5800 which is stable, and the Ilfx was trading in healthy volume at $5200. The only Mac to change in value was the Mac SE/50 with a 40 Meg drive which was up $25 to close the week at $1875. The volume leader was the Macintosh Classic with 40 Meg drive, which was trading in strong volume at a stable price of $975. Mac Plus models were active, with the plain vanilla floppy models trading at $450. The most active prices were the Apples IIc down $250 to$250. When a machine loses HALF its value and the dosing value is the same as the change....there isn't much of a market left. With the raft of MacModels and new models on the way, there aren't many folks who want to drive an Apple II era machine. The IIgs took a $100 loss and closed at $700. It's DONATION time for the Apple II era computers. Steve Jobs once said that the

System/2 (PS/2) laptop line of computers and announced it will begin offering rebates and bundling several name-brand software packages with the desktop PS/2. Despite the price cuts, Merrill Lynch has adjusted down its speculation on IBM's earnings, based on "aconcern in revenues." Also, conspicuously absent from any of the IBM/Apple joint announcements was any mention of DOS, or disk operating system, the operating system originally used by IBM for the IBM personal computer (PC). DOS is currently marketed by IBM as PC-DOS and by Microsoft as MS-DOS — the latest version being MS-DOS 5.0. Contact Merrill Lynch, Tel: 818i995-5600, Fax: 81I995-5611.

Apple II would live forever. And it seems that the dawning of the new IBM~ l e j oint venture may be the death of the Apple II.

IBM and Apple: Is it Love or a

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The business press was alive with talk of the IBM-Apple agreement. They call it a marriage, but one has to wonder if the meeting of the two giants of computers was the result of a love affair or forced upon them by the hundreds of competitors who are nipping at their markets. Apple needs to become part of the corporate computer community, and IBM needs to begin to do some fancy graphical user interface stuff or lose "the rest of us." The announcement had no impact on the secondary market since their plan is still years from the marketplace, but in time we may be seeing a more unified, r'ational marketplace for computers. That would be a welcome event.

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Six Million Microsoft Windows Sold; MS Stock Down S EATTLE, WASHINGT ON , O C T 4 (NB) — Microsoft Corporation says sales of Windows 5.0 have gone over six million units, but its shares fell after news of a joint venture between International Business Machines (IBM) and Apple Computer was announced. Microsoft said it sold about half as many copies of Windows in the first quarter of this year, which ended September SO, as it did in the product's entire first year. According to Brad Silverburg, VP of DOS and Windows, Microsoft' believes that other software houses will develop applications for Windows "first and foremost." Industry analysts at International Data Corporation estimate that Microso&. will sell 7.8 million copies of Windows this year. Silverburg thinks sales will even exceed the IDC estimate. Silverburg also noted that 86 percent of personal computer applications sold in the first half of 1991 in Germany and France run under Windows. Although it's too early to know what effect the Apple-IBM joint venture will have on Microsoft sales, some analysts are predicting that the Apple-IBM deal will spell trouble for Windows. Microsoft has said reviously that it is puting its future in the ds of WindowL As recently as last week Nathan M y h rvold, V P of bu s i n e ss development, said, "We have a very clear strategy, which is Windows." An upgrade to Windows, version S.l, is in the second round of beta testing, and is expected later this year or early in 1992. The Apple-IBM announcement said that new technology would allow the previously incompatible PCs to work together. Silverburg noted that IBM is a large buyer of Windows S.O, for use with IBM p'ersonal computers in the educational and home markets. How long that source of sales will remain constant considering the Apple-IBM deal is not known yet. A number of hardware manufacturers have said they plan to build pen computers which support Microsoft Windows for Pen Computing. Another possible factor in a future for Windows is a lawsuit presently being considered by the courts to determine if Microsoft Windows earlier technology violates an Apple copyright. After reaching an all-time high of 901/2, Microsoft stock dropped 1 (i/8 to 871/2 after the IBM-Apple announcement. A Microsoft spokesperson said the company was not aware of any reason for the stock decline. eThere's nothing that's companyspecific,"he said. Whether buyers will wait to see what comes out of the new marriage is uncertain, but it's posable that they could hold off on buying Windows, either because of the possility of geting something better from Apple-IBM, or because Windows NT (New Technology) is coming and they want to see what it looks like.

Lotus And Borland Copyright Case Moves On

WASHINGTON, DC, OCT 1 (NB) — The U.S. D e p a r tment of Justice and the Copyright OfBce have joined in submitting an <<I<tet<act<ric or "friend of the court" brief in the ongoing copyright infringement case brought by Lotus Development against Borland InternationaL The suit was brought by Lotus because the company daims that Borland's Q u a t tr o v i o l ated L o t u s's copyrights on the way the Lotus 1-2-8 spreadsheet is operated. The government agencies apparently came down hard onthe side of Borland and against Lotus Development because they said in the brief that when program menus are "simply a listing of the particular commands that are available to the user of the computer" they are "not considered

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28 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 Centi nsxed Pom Peg»27 copyrightable. Th e C o pyright O f f ice eschews the implication that all material d isplayed on ( c o m puter) s c reens i s copyrightable." Obviously pleased by the government's stand on the case, Borland, which has been urging the Copyright Of6ce to state its views in the litigation, said in a press release: "We are delighted that the Registc:r of Copyrights and theDepartment ofJustice cared enough about our case to make their views known." Partially on the basis of this apparent wholehearted support of its position, Borland has called for summary dismissal of the charges brought against it by Lotus Development.

In addition t o c alling for p r ompt dismissal of the Lotus action against it, Borland's papers also allege that Lotus deliberately concealed its objections to Quattro and Quattro Pro until after Borland had invested millions of dollars in research, development, and marketing of b oth products. The disposition of this case could have far-reaching significance both for Borland and other software publishers, including those with proprietary user interfaces, and those that wish to provide alternative applications but retain a familiar interface with established products such as Lotus 1-24. Contact: Dick O'Donnell, Borland International, 408%39-1631.

ACE Chip, Computer, and Operating Systems Debut

WASHINGTON, D.C., OCT 2 (NB)MIPS Computer Systems has now formally introduced its new R4000 microprocessor, a 64-bit computer chip which is intended, among other things, to run the powerful new operating systems envisioned by the ACE or Advanced Computing Environment consortium. ACE includes Compaq, Microsoft, The Santa Cruz Operation, NIPS Computer Systems, and Digital Equipment among its more than200 members. Also partidpating in the introduction of

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the R4000 were several ACE developers, including Microsoft and SCO, which both demonstrated their new operating systems on prototype computers based on the R4000. MIPS designed the R4000, said by the company to be the fastest single-chip m icroprocessor on t h e m a r k et , f o r production by five of the semiconductor partners which are members of ACE: Integrated Device Technology Inc., LSI Logic Corp., N E C E l e c tronics I n c., Performance Semiconductor Corp.,and Siemens Components Inc. Intel, the world's leading producer of microprocessors, which bases its most popular chips on the MS-DOS compatible BOX86 family, is also a member of ACE and is developing its own microprocessorfor the consortium. LSI Logic has announced that it is already shipping the 50 megahertz LR4000, the company's own version of the new R4000 microprocessor, which is based on RISC (reduced instruction set computer) t echnology, as opposed to th e C I S C (complex in struction set c o mputer) microprocessors such as the Intel 80386 or the Motorola 68000 series, which are normally slower because they have many more valid programming commands builtMIPS has also introduced a family of 20 developer products for the new R4000, tools needed for developers to produce software compatible with the new microprocessor, including a new C language compiler. C is the language that Unix itself is based on and is considered one of the most portable of languages; thus code written in C for other operating environments should be easy to transfer to the new R4000 environment. MIPS also had a demonstration system running using its own version of Unix. At the MIPS introduction, The Santa Cruz Operation demonstrated a prototype version of its SCO Open Desktop operating system for the R4000 and M&t RSOOO MIPS microprocessors. The new operating system, developed under the ACE consortium, ports a standard Unix to run unde,r both the MPS and Intel ACE computers conforming to the ARC or advanced RISC computing systems. SCO Open Desktop, which integrates the OSF(Open Software Foundation) /Motif graphical user interface and distributed processing network capali t i es, is already available for Intel BOX86-based computers. The longwwaited Microsoft Windows NT (New Technology) operating environment was also shown for the first time. Windows NT, which will also run on the M+it Intel 80X86 microprocessors, ofi'ers Windows and MS.DOS compatibility but is also designed to be th e basis for a . new operating environment which Intel is adopting to compete with the IBM OS/2 environment. This development effort is the major bone of contention that caused the recent rift between Microsoft and IBM. , Today's most advanced microcomputers noxmally rely on a Meit architecture, and it is not clear yet just what immediate advantages will be gained by moving to the 64-bit microprocessor developed by MIPS. Insiders suggest that for. the next several years the most important microprocessors for even advanced personal computer users will remain the Intel family of M+it chips and thc; forthcoming 80586 microprocessor, with the MIPS R4000 having a major impact in the mimcomputer or workstation field. The main aim of ACE is to supply a ceries of platforms that will provide a range of computing power but will all be able to run the same software and th e same operating systems (Windows NT and SCO's Open Desktop Unix). Contact: Cerleen LeVasseur, MIPS, 408-720-1700.

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV'91 29 I

Canadian ExpertSystem Helps Design Highways

Canadian Technology In IBM's PCRadio

CALGARY, ALBERTA, SEP 25 (NB)CALGARY, ALBERTA, OCT 4 (NB)The Province of Alberta is testing expert system technology that it hopes will improve Canadian cellular telephone manufacturer the design of the province's highway Novatel will build cellular components for intersections and interchanges. The Alberta Research Coundl developed the Highway Intersection Design Expert System (HIDES) under contract to the province's transportation and utilities ministry. Running on a DOEPbased personal computer, it is based on a commercial expert system shell, said Jack Wilkinson, business development specialist at the Alberta Research Council. The system contains some 400 design rules. The system is designed to automate and extend a bulky design manual that outlined the r u l e s f o r de s i g nin g h i g h way interchanges in the province. It is also meant to c a pture th e k n owledge of . experienced highway designers, making that kuow-how available to others. The ability to distribute knowledge is made more important by the fact that Alberta has spread much of its highway design effort across the province as part of a n effort to d ecentralize some of i t s government functions. I ; SS The provincial government claims the system, which cost some C$58,000, could save the province as much as C$100,000 per year. Wilkinson said that while the project was meant strictly for the Alberta government, ILLS UESI REOAGIA ST, VANCIRIVER the Alberta Research Coundl could apply ZONINST COIPRENENSIVE OEVELINWENT I the experience gained in this project to SUILOINS TTPET REINTORCEO COICRETE NO. Of fLINNST S d eveloping similar s ystems fo r u s e NAE. MTLRIALT NONE elsewhere. SPRINKLERST NONE

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PCRadio, IBM's mobile personal computer. The technology was developed jointly by Novatel and IBM, an IBM spokesman said. The PCRadio will also incorporate memory cards built at IBM Canada's own manufacturing plant in T oronto. IBM

spokesman Stan Didzbalis said the compact memory cards, about the size of a credit card but thicker, are the first of a new generation of components that will be used in other IBM products in the future. Thus

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the mandate to build them is an important foot in the door for the Toronto plant, he added. W orking w it h I B M , N o v a tel h a s developed a radio@'requency data unit that consists of a cellular radio, a modem, and an antenna Built into the PCRadio, it will let the mobile computer communicate with other machines without the need for a hardwired connection. Under a 6ve-year contract, the data unit will be b u il t a t a N o v atel f actory in Lethbridge, Alberta, and exported to IBM plants in Charlotte, North Carolina, and Greenock, Scotland. The two companies would not assign a dollar value to the contract, and Didzbalis said the number of units involved will depend on the success of the PCRadio. Manufacturing the memory cards will not mean expansion or new hiring at the IBM Canada plant in Toronto. The new work will take up the slack as production of older products drops off, Didzbalis said.

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PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA, OCT 3 (NB) — Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced it is lowering the U.S. list price of its HP DeskJet 500 for the IBM personal computer (PC) platform and the HP DeskWriter Contact Stan Didzbalis, lBM Canada, 416%74tinter for the Madntosh $130 from $729 to 3900, fax 416-474-3409; LaDawn Bly; Novatel, 599. 4 03-295~ . HP says these are the lowest. prices it has ever ofFered on the two monochrome inkjet printers, both of which provide 300 dotsperinch printing on plain paper. HP says both printers produce up to three pages per TOKYO, JAPAN, OCT 3 (NB) — Office minute, use water-resistant ink, and indude erluipment maker Casio says that next year it a three-year warranty. A new black-ink print cartridge that HP will release a laser printer which costsabout half that of current laser printers. With this says holds twice as much ink as its original lowest laser printer, Casio expects to gain cartridge is also available. The new cartridge over 25 percent of the laser printer market retails for $3L95 and is good for 1,000 pages, compared to the original cartridge share in Japan. Casio's Iowcost laser printer is expected priced at $19.95 which prints 500 pages, HP to cost less than 100,000 yen ($740),' which said. More information is available by calling is about half the price of similar offerings (800) 7524900. from NEC or Canon. It will be an A4-size Contacu Margaret Higgins, Hewlett-Packard, Tel: printing, slow speed printer, but it has 41 5/857M1 9, Fax: 41 SI857-7299. •

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Japanese fonts. So far, Casio has successfully sold its B4size laser printer to the corporate market. Its Page Prest, which prints 12 pages per minute, costs 398,000 yen ($2,950). 12,000 units have been sold since the printer was released three months ago. Casio is also planning to release a lowcost, mid-speed Assize laser printer. Casio says it will be able to print A4-size paper at 12 to 15 pages per minute, and will cost about 150,000 yen ( $ 1,100). Casio is expecting to grab 25 percent of total laser printer sales in Japan within two years, according to Casio's General Manager, Toyokazu Yamamoto.

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32 THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91

The Enabled Computer — The On-Line World WASHINGTON, D.C., OCT 4 (NB)One of t h e b i ggest lifestyle changes computers have made possible for many disabled users has been the way bulletin board systems (both public and private) both provide equal access for the disabled and, when desired, completely hide a person's disality. The many advantages of having access to information apply almost equally to the disabled and non&sabled population. But for thosewho are confined to home or fi nd i t difficult t o t r a vel, b e in g a bl e t o communicate electronically opens a new

world in a way that people who can hop in a car to drive into town and walk into a library just can't imagine. But the second big advantage, not showing the individual's disability, can be a powerful tonic for those who feel that people treat them differently because of their disabilities (as many unfortunately do). Although it is obviously a real problem in many cases, sometimes this feeling of being treated differently is as much in the imagination as a reality. If someone ignores you in person it may be because you stutter, or it may just be

because he or she is impolite and ignores everyone. If other people treat you like a child just because you can't walk, then they may be patronizing you, or that may just be the way they are. I have an aunt who treated me like a five-year-old when I became wheelchair4ound for a year, but she always acted that way with everyone so I knew, so it wasn' t just me. But that sort of treatment can be a devastating experience to some, especially those teenage or older people who develop disabilities and are not born with them. But, once connected to Ziffnet, GEnie, America Online, or other computer systems, your disabilities disappear unless you tell

people about them. If you can'tspeak clearlyor hear very well, a computer E-mail system doesn' t know. If you have motor control problems, those seeing your mis-typed messages have no way of knowing whether you arejust another nontypist or have some disability. I have even been, reading online the laments of one individual who has great difficulty thinking and acting quickly. He was worried that people would ignore lum because it takes him several days to digest a message and compose a reply (although when he has time to think, his replies are well thoughtwut). If he hadn't mentioned the problem in one of the handicapped forums, no one would ever have known because few people answer messages right away — no one knows whether you are thinking or just don't log on every day. —Joiin McCormick

Roundup: Stories Carried By Other Media

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WASHINGTON, D.C., OCT 4 (NB)Roundup is a brief look at some computer stories carried in other publications received here this past month. In September SO's Gooerrsmeat Coraputer Neres, one editor took backup program publishers at their word that their utilities were "bullet-proof" and tested several after perforating them with an M-1 rifle slug. Fastback Plus 2.01 actually recovered all the data from on e d i sk, bu t t h e o t h ers, including Norton Backup and a later version of FB Plus, failed. September 80's TelepIsonyfocuses on the latest in fiber technology and a hybrid of asynchronous and synchronous networks. The October 'ol i ssue of Coraputer Larsguageexplores the creation of reusable objects. The November Ma croorldexamines networking with the Mac. Byteis out with its yearly IBM Special Issue but for the first time in 10 years has dropped the IBM spedal and is just running an Extra Edition not devoted to IBM. KEE Spectrlsrafor October looks at the new standards and new chips used in video compression. October's Lotus magazine looks at I-M for the Madntosh.

Here Comes the Sun Expo

VANCOUVER, B.C., OCT 18 (TCP)Being the numbermne vendor of UNIX workstations has its advantages. Sun Microsystems now has more than 5,600 c ompatible t h i rd-party software a n d hardware products available for platforms running Solaria, the system software environment created by its subsidiary SunSoft, Inc. Solaris, available on both Intel 80z86 and SPARC RISC platforms, is being touted as the industy's first shrink-wrapped distributed computing environment. Developers can release apphcations for both of the industy's highest-volume multivendor platforms with one port for both markets. To this end, Sun and its partners are hosting a hardware and software showcase dubbed "Solutions Expo." Shaping up to be the largest gathering ever of Sun-related companies i n W e s tern C a n ada, i t ' s happening November 19-20, 1991 at the Vancouver Trade Sc Convention Centre. (See the advertisement this issue for a $10 admission discount coupon.— Ed.) Contact Sun Solutions Expo, call collect 4165818797; Sun Microsystems ofCanada, 6046844120.

THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV'91 33 At the same dme ISM nearly destroyed Today Monterey, California-based DR, that, while the two so&ware companies have Digital Research's chance to make it big with a b e tter o p erating system than been around for as long as the personal because, although DR had brought the Microsoft, and a fully compatible one to computer inchistry, about 16 years, and Big by John MoCorrrnih p reviously standard C P/ M ( C o n t r ol boot, now has about 500 employees and Blue didn't enter that field until 10 years WASHINGTON, D.C., OCI' 4 (NB) — We Prograxn/ Microcomputers) to the grand grosses less than $50 million a year. ago, Microsoft, for all its size, is not in IBM's are living through a most amazing dme in breakfast of the PC world, IBM struck a deal F ounded at a b out t h e same t i m e , league. the computer industry, one every bit as for its PC operating system with Bill Gates Microsoft pulls in well over $1 billion each A biliionAollar gross is very impressive, momentous as the one that startc;d just ten instead of Gary KildalL year and has more than 20 times as many but IBM's yearly income is nearly '?0 times years «go vxhenIBM mtroduced the IxC. Big Blue didn't do it maliciously; it is just employees. Microsoft' s. Apple and IBM are being buddykuddy, the sort of thing that can happen to you Mr, Gates' renowned marketing ability Despite the odds stacked in favor of Big while Microsoft and Big Blue are feuding in when you live in a small room with a 600- xnight account for the entire dSference, but Slue, I am not interested in betting against an unprecedented waythat could leave one pound gorilla. is anyone willing to say that teaming up with Mr. Gates becoming the CEO of IBM before or the other with a big hole in its bottom Now ISM is apparendy pretty upset with IBM 10 years ago had nothing to do with his the ctecade is SnishecL line by this dme next year. Microsoft, and, most signiScantly, has a company's growth? Bill Gates has been the true xorxndorhind Let's review brieSy. dear alternative to MS-DOS. What happens But all elephants appc:ar the saxne size to of the computer industry for many years With the massive success of Windows, over the next year should prove vc;ry us mice and, j ust t o k ee p t h i ngs in now, and I just want to sit back and watch Microsoft has essentially dumped its OS/2 interesting. perspective, it is important to remember how he arranges to buy ISM. 0 effort and, faced with the situation that Microsoh would probably conipete directly against OS/ 2 w i t h i t s N T o p e r ating environment, IBM started to cozy up to long-time foe Apple and that company wisely came in Rom the cold. Sut Big Blue is also talking with p e r ennial a l so-ran Microsoft compedtor Digital Research. Is even Microsoit big enough to stand against Sig Blue's army of loyal users and marketers, especially with an inferior n this world things' product such as MS DOS, in what is to most o users a commodity markee are Comylieated eneugh. Putting aside the quesdon of whether With a swann of pxoducts Microsoft has a better vision of the future, its hard to decipher one fit we need only look to the history of the theother.So,why gamble on microcomputer to learn that, while IBM has • oooo 4. had notable faSures, it is dear that ISM has your xepixtaiion or quality? created most standards that exist in the IS>r Here at Genius, we believe in one microcomputer world today. simple statement:Reducing yuulity Every other computer company loves to hash IBM as bc:ing slow to innovate, but if pradsce sf qgonkiW prices. you check doscly you will notice that, except W ith years ofexperienceand for Apple (which has a small pordon of the reliability, Genius has established itself total PC market share), all of them use aS ore of the wOrld'S largeSt inPut g raphics, operating system, and b u s standards chosen or even invented long ago 5 d evice manufacturers. by IBM. Gexiluz While you may not like 5.inc h o r $.5inch Soppy drives as a standard, you would be burying your head inthe sand if you don't admit that we have them because ISM ~kk~ wanted them. Likewise for CGA, VGA, and other graphics standards developed at ISM. Sure, I know about Hercules, but how often do EXPERIENCWG E NORLD OF people buy Hercule~nly graphics boards 'i thesedays? Even th e a r c hitecture o f t o d ay' s P computerswasdetexmined by IBM, Srst with the PC bus, now significantly known as "industry standard architecture," then with Micro ChanneL Even thc; EISA or Extended Industry Standard Architecture bus is based %8llufSCtlHCS on the original PC bus. iunovative producti fmmmiceto Now we come to the quesden of whether it is a good idea to buck IBM. puck — name icaaners to digitizing tabletsthat extend three companies that have gotten rich by yeur imaginaiioa beyand the endS Of the going against the Sig Blue tide. earth. In addition t0 ixxitovaiion, we believe Did you slow down after Apple? The quesdon before us now is whether in simplicity, service, and rehabihty. Microsoft is making a wise decision by So stay with a name you can trust, goading IBM into looking to Microsoft's Call your distrxbuttxr today only real competitor at a thne when basic simply s.s.n.lus. oNNius operating systems are widely recognized by most users as being commodity itemL farinfonnaoon on our complete It isn't difficult to understand why, product line. despite its obvious advantages, DR DOS never made it really big in the market. ISM chose: MS4)OS, and that was all most users needed to know. Skip ahead 10 years. Has Bill Gates decided that this is the time for Redmond to sececie? And, if he has, is it a wise move? Or did IBM make a major error by insisting that its version of OS/2 be the Srst to market because of the installed AT base? We aH know that Microsoft's vision of OS/2 as an operating system that would perform wonders on $24it machines had it K% NIINNATIOIQLCOIIP. NATNMALCOIIiLITIR NOIUCIS CNMNI COIPWER WHOLESALE OS' N l llKBlNO INC. all over IBM's 285compadble OS/2 which 2805 E CedarSL,ontarb, CAS1781 8410MidlandAve.,Unit% Western Carxxda Snally hit the market„but IBM practically Mair. 5$0 Soirb« Onteb, Careda M1V4V5 8N)8884iSN made Microsoft when it struck a deal with Txsmnto 416 541S @ Tah. ssgetp$4 Mr. Gates to supply the operadng system for oo sll Canadatolt rze (8N)6814$5S hue 418 S24672 (800)8686570 its PC.

What Next, Sill?

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34 THE COMPIJKR PAPER NOV '91

IBM Cuts Prices, Intros Midrange, Buys Metaphor P URCHASE, NE W Y O RK , O C T 4 ( NB) — IBM i s s ue d s e v e ra l m a j o r announcements yesterday-it has completed the purchase of M e taphor Computer Systems, has cut prices on its PS/2 L40 SX laptop computer by over 28 percent, and has

and Metaphor in September 1990 will be oKered positions with Taligeat, the new objectwriented systems software company, or Kaleida, che new multimedia joint venture with Apple, IBM says. Or they can stay with the company. introduced the RISC+axed Pot i o n / Meanwhile, in an attexnpt te beef up POWERscxver 580H deskside workstation. sales of PS/2 computers, IBM is offering IBM says that Metaphor's shareholders four software programs See with buyers of have approved the purchase of Metaphor certain PS/2 models. This "10th Anniversaxy and that it is now a wholly owned IBM Special" promotion, which runs through subsidiary. IBM is saying that Metaphor Dec. Sl, sees IBM offering with Models 80 employees who were assigned to the Patriot through 55, the following software packages Partners joint venture established by IBM free: Q Finandal Pack for financial

uicken

management; LotusWorks, an iategrated pregram oKcring database, spreadsheet, graphics, telecommunicatiens, and word processing, Express Publisher for desktop publishing; an d T u r b o T a x , a tax

preparation program.

IBM also is oKering a $150 rebate on the purchase of aPS/2 Model 85 and a $200 rebate onthe purchase of a PS/2 Model 40 when IBM DOS or OS/2 is purchased along with the computer. IBM has also cut prices on its PS/2 L40 SX laptop computer and some options for thc system. The laptop sells now for $8,995

Im II N t f II I l II II Ii II 1 f II 5

when previously it was $5+45.

Finally, I BM annou n ce d t he Powerstation/Powerserver 580H, a new deskside model in its RISC System/6000 line. The new system is available as a workstation or server and is said to oKer 82 percent more processingpower compared to the existiag model 580 and enhanced disk storage capability. It offers a SS megahertz processor, 82 megabytes (MB) of high~eed memoxy, and a400 MB, higherpcrforming disk chive standard. The system can accommodate a maximum of 512 MB of memory and a maximum of 2.5 gigabytes (GB) of internal disk sterage. Up to '28.9 G B of e x ternal d isk storage can b e suppoxted. IBM says the 580H performs at 20 megaflops, with a SPECmark rating of

57.4.

The base price — which includes system unit, standard S2 MB of memory and 400 MB of disk storage — is $81,500, with an entry-level configured server startiag at about g86,000. ContactJudy Rsdlinsky,914442-4634.

ISM Adds New PS/1 Models

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WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK, OCT 7 (NB) — Responding to the market's call for more power and expansion options than the original version ofFered, IBM has expanded its Personal System/1 product line with two models based on t h e I n t e l 8 0 8 86SX processor. IBM also said that by next spring it will offer an 80886SX4ased unit that will come with Operating System/2 Version 2.0 already installed. IBM said the new systems address a broader marketplace than the original PS/1, including both small businesses and the advanced computing requirements of second-time buyers. Boch new models use a 16-megahertz 886SX chip and come with two megabytes of memory, expandable to six megabytes on the motherboard. A 12-inch color VGA display, mouse, builtm 2,400kityer~ecoad modem, and DOS 4.01 operating system are also standard. Like earlier PS/1 models, the new units come with a free three-month subscription to the Prodigy online service as well as access to Quantum's Promenade online service and the PS/1 Club online customer support service. The most powexful addition to the PS/1 line, the PS/1 886 SX B82, has an 80megabyte hard disk drive, two full-size AT bus (Industry Standard Architecture) expansion slots and comes with Microsoft Windows 8.0 and Productivity Pack for Windows customized for the PS/1. The system can hold a second hard disk drive, and a 129~egabytc drive is now available, bringing total potential storage to about 200 xxlegabytcs. The PS/1 S86 SX C42 has a 4&snegabyte hard disk drive. It dees not offer the expansion slots found ia the B82 model. The PS/1 886 SX C42 is priced at USg1,699, while the B82 model is priced at US$2,199. A f o u r -megabyte memory expansion card which Sts both systems is availablefor US$549. The 80saegabyte hard drive is available separately for US$1,060, and the 1 29-megabyte unit g oes for

US$1+00. IBM said it will aho upgrade older PS/1 286 CS4 and MS4 models to the 886 SX B82 model for US4845 if customers retuxn their old system units, or US$1,045 if they keep the old units. IBM also extended the upgrade offer to owners of certain Apple

and Compaq PCs.

IBM also said it has doubled the number of outlets selling the PS/1 in its Srst year of avsLIlability. Some 4,000 retail outlets across thc United States now sell the PS/1, IBM

said. The machine is available in more than 45 countries ia 17 languages, IBM added. Coatacl J. Christopher Clough, IBM, 914442-

• •

•

5372;ShilaShanahan,IBM ,9442-5407.

nor

At time of printing

"Trademark of their appropriate owners.

36 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91

New PS/1 Aimed At Wider Audience WH ITE PLAINS, NEW YORK, OCT 9 (NB) — The introduction of the new models o f the IBM PS/ 1 i s evidence of IBM ' s willingness to respond to user feedback, a senior IBM executive told Newsbytes. Newsbytes questioned the executive, speaking under condition of anonymity, on the occasion of the announcement of 886 SX models of the PS/1. He wa's speci6cally asked whether the expansion of the PS/1 line to include models that can run Windows and OS/2 is consistent with the PS/1's position as a

"home computer." He replied:"The only thing that seems strange about the new models is the PS/1 logo on them. We originally saw the PS/1 as filling only a certain home computer niche but many of our customers obviously wanted to use it for business applications that require more power than our original version provided for. You' ll note that our announcement of the new models spedScally mentions 'smail businesses.' The new 886 SX models provide substantial performance at a veiy attracdve price and certainly widen the PS/1 Fine to

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include these users." One of the new models, containing an 80 megabyte (MB) Bxed drive and a color VGA monitor, c omes with M i c rosoft Windows pre-installed (in addition to Microsoft Works and access programs for the Prodigy and Promenade on@ac services that have been a standard feature of the

capaMity. Dell says the new units will start shipping next month and- include one model based on Intel'8 i486SX 2&enegahertz chip, which was announced this montIL Dell now offers 14 upgradable systems. The new "D" series models include the 486D/20, the486D/25, and the 486D/88. Under Dell's model designation system, the PS/1), and has a suggested retail price of 486 refers to the processor chip, and the $2,199. The other model introduced is also number after the slash reflects the clock 886-based, has a 40 M B h ar d d i sk, a speed of the unit. Each system can be monochrome monitor, and does not upgraded to a faster processing speed indude Windows. It has a suggested retail through plug-in microprocessor upgrade piice of $1699. kits. IBM spokesperson Shelia Shanahan told The new systems all come with 512 Newsbytes that thirdyarty rescllers have said kilobytes (KB) of video random access that they would expect to see "street piices" memory (VRAM) and a VGA 1024 by 768 for the units come in as low as $1,899 for the resolution display with 16 colors. An bighead unit and $1,899 for the other one, upgrade kit is available that adds another a nd that " t hey f eel t h er e w il l b e a 51'2 KB of VRAM and will support up to tremendous demand at prices like that." 82',768 colors in a 640 by 480 resolution. Shanahan also said t h a t .the m o d el The video memory upgrade also offers nonannounced for Spring 1992 that is to be pre- interlaced 1024 by 768 resolution with 256 loaded with OS/2 wN have a minimum of 4 colors and provides 82-bit video memory MB of RAM and 80 MB fixed disk. She access+ a dded that t h e "pricing an d a c tual Dell Computer operates a toll free configuration h a v e n ot yet bee n number ( 8 0 0-289-8855) f o r p r o d u ct determined." inquhies. The senior IBM N ewsbytes source, commendng on the forthcoming machine, Contact: Lisa Rohlf, Dell Computer, 512-343said: "It's no surprise that we would begin 3782. pre4oading OS/2 on our systems It is just a surprise to most that we began with the

PS/1."

Contact:L Christopher Clough, IBM, 9146425372.

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Dell Computer Intros INore 486-based Systems AUSriN, TEXAS, SEP 25 (NB) — Hot on thc heels of its announcement that it is cutting the piice of many of its systems, Dell Computer has announced three new Intel 80486based desktop systems. The new units, with prices starting at

INicrosoft Intros New INS-DOS 5.0 Support

REDM O N D , WASH ING N , OC T 8 (NB) — Microsoft has announced a new 24hour support service for the more than one million users of M S-DOS 5.0, called FastTips. Users can call FastTip at 2064464108 for answers to common questions about i nstalling, optimizing and u sing t h e upgrade. Users can also select the way they get the answers to their questions: facsimile, US postal service or listening to pre -

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Industry Standard Launches Era Of INultimedia Computin9

i r ~ r i si s

NEW YORK, NEW YORK, OCI' 9 (NB)At a lavish October 7th conference and exhibition at New York City's American Museum of Natural History, the Multimedia PC Marketing Council introduced what Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates, in his address, called: " the l a unching o f multimedia personal computing." The four-hour event, called "Multimedia PC," was a product of the Multimedia PC Marketing Council, founded in May of 1991 as a subsidiary of the Software Publishing Association. The council, composed of CompuAdd, C r e ative L a bs, F u j i tsu, Headland Technology/Video Seven, Microsoft, N CR, NE C Te c h n ologies, Olivetti, Philips Consumer Electronics, Tandy and Zenith Data Systems, has agreed on what it refers to as "a widely accepted industry s t andard f o r m ult i m e dia computing." It further referred to the standard as one which "allows millions of existing PCs to be easily upgraded with the CD-ROM drive, sound board, and software required for multimedia use." The Multimedia PC Marketing Council has, upon developing the multimedia standard, developed a trademarked logo to be affixed to products that adhere to the standard. Additionally, it has trademarked a slogan — "Bring the World to Your Senses"for the use of the Multimedia PC event and other promotions of multimedia functions. Multimedia PC was keynoted by Scottish scientistJames Burke, who referred to the advent of multimedia computing as a "radical information surge. H e t r aced similar surges in the past, saying that each such surge — for example, the definition of the first alphabet and the development of the printing press — introduced a change of nature that revolutionized the way things were done. He said that the multimedia computing, which he referred to as the next surge in information, "will make everytlring before it look like solitary conflnement." Stating that "the next surge will tie multimedia computing with high speed global communications networks," Burke said that this combination will change the way we regard countries and the human race in generaL "When we have a manager in Boise, Idaho running a meatpacking plant in Argentina with software uploaded from the network by a Korean flrm to flt the requirements of an accountant in Kuwait, it becomes difficult to a ttach the same importance to national boundaries or interests," he said. The profound di fference bc:twec:n today's computing and that of the future, as Burke aces it, is that multimedia computing will simply provide the user with a "window into information. People; will have See and unlimited access to information and the knowledge gained will provide power to all of the users." Burke went on to enumerate the massive changes that he envisions based on the new technologies, saying that he thinks that through these means, wewill be able to, for

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the first time: "bring into the collective knowledge of 5. 5 b i l l ion m i nds and thousands of cultures." Microsoft Chairvttan Bill Gates followed Burke to the podium to say that: "The elements are now ready to come together to provide the start of a new industrymultimedia software." Gates demonstrated a multimedia tour of the museum complete with text, graphics, sound and video which had been put together b y M i c r osoft's m u l timedia depntmtnt in the "space of one week" He explained that the developers purchased museum postcards, recorded sound, added graphics and text to produce the final product. He said t hat t h e d e velopment of multimedia tools that allowed such things as sound objects to be moved &om program to

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program allowed such rapid development. 'The multimedia developer does not have to understand the complexities of processing of digitized sound to use these tools, he said.

In Gates' example the user "copied and pasted" a sound into the Word for Wmdows word processor and then was able to play it at any time by the mouse clicking of a microphone icon. Gates went on to say that the challenge o f multimedia computing will b e t o determine which "titles" are proper for development. He said: fhe industry must develop standards and tools and then users will develop the important titles to be produced." After c i t in g A m e r i can A i r l i n es' multimedia support for its airline mechanics and Sandoz Pharmaceutical's Medical Education system as examples of hnportant uses of the new technology, Gates said: 'The reason we call today the official beginning of multimedia computing is that we now have standards in place and 60 actual titles &om a wide range ofvendors to show. To bring multimedia computing into the mainstream, we had to have the proper technology, standards and commitment of vendors. Today's demonstrations shows that all of these elements are in place." G ates t h e n i ntr o d uced T a n d y Corporation's Mike Grubbs, chairman of the Multimedia PC Marketing Council. Grubbs traced the history of the council and explained the use of the logo. He said that the Multimedia PC is a standard PC (10 MHz Intel 80286-based system or higher with VGA monitor) that additionally has audio, a CD-ROM and Microsoft Windows with Multimedia enhancements. Grubbs said that the hardware mtmbers of the coundl will provide both complete "outafthe-box multimedia PCs" and multimedia upgrades to existing PCL A fter G r ubbs' p r esentation, n i n e stlected v e n d or s de s c ribe d an d demonstrated multimedia products and then the audience was directed to a large hall where the 60 products were being distributecL Among those demonstrating in this portion of the program wert Autodesk, First Byte, CoreI, Owl I n t e rnational, Asymetxix, Software Publishing Corporation, Aldus, Hewlett-Packard, Thc Hypermedia Group, Authorwareand SierraOnline. T ay Vaughn, senior p artner, T h e HyperMedia Group, told Newsbytes that he feels that the most important aspect of the day is the evidence that the industry has finally gotten serious about integrating sound animation and graphics and it is good to see competitors put aside animosities and sit down at the standards table for the benefit of users."

GeoWorks Ties With

Borland To Bundle Quattro Pro SK

B ERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, OCT 10 (NB) — Geoworks, developers of a graphical user interface for lowland computers, and Borland have announced the Borland Q uattro Pro SE spreadsheet is to b e integrated into the GeoWorks Pro to upgrade tht GeoWorks Ensemble. GeoWorks runs on an XT (or higher) in 640 kilobytes of random access memory (RAM), GeoWorks said, and 500,000 copies have been sold since its introduction nine months ago. Quattro Pro SE is a spreadsheet product

designed to work on lowland machines as well, Borland said. GeoWorks Pro, the newest edition of GeoWorks, adds Borland's Quattro Pro SE spreadsheet to the following applications already available in the package: Gc;oWrite, a word processing package; GeoDraw, an object-oriented drawing tools package; GeoComm, a tel ec o m munications application;and GeoManager, a file and p ersonal in formation m a nager. T h e suggested retail price of the new GeoWorks Pro package is $199.99, Borland and GeoWorks said. A new Viewer allows users to remain inside the GeoWorks Pro environment while working with spreadsheet files and charts created with Quattro Pro SE, the companies said. Users can then cut, copy and paste, or drag and drop a Quattro Pro spreadsheet or chart directly into Gc.oWrite or GeoDraw where it can be sized and/or edited and included in a r eport or presentation, GeoWorks said. The marriage of Quattro Pro SE with GeoWorks i s bri n g i n g s i g n i ficant enhancements to GeoWorks Pro, Borland said, induding support for Novell, LANtastic and other networks for printing and sharing files over a local area network (LAN), support for MS-DOS 5.0 and integrated task switching support for DR DOS 6.0 from Digital Research. Also, an intermediate level of GeoWork's Scalable User Interface for simplified management of user documents will be available. Though printing on dot matrix printers has been impressive in GeoWorks, laser printing has been very slow, a representative of GeoWorks said. However, accelerated printing that is 8 to 10 times faster on Hewlett-Packard LaserJet and compatible printers will be added by the Quattro Pro addition, Borland added. Brian Doughtrty, chief executive officer of GeoWorks, saith "GeoWorks Pro users can Contiwuad oa Pnge 41

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV'91 41 Conrsnsserf porn poge 40 now easily combine the spreadsheet and presentation power of Qmtlro Pro SE with the seven existing applications in the GeoWorks environment. The result is an unparalleled level of performance and functionality for the entire installed base of PCs — irom XTs to 486s — at an unbeatable price poiilt T he G e o W orks P r o pro d uc t i s anticipated to be on the retail shelves by mid-November, the two companies said.

New For Unix: Isrimeservice Netware For SiaARC

Computers

LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, OCI' 5 (NB) — A division of Prime computer has announced this week that it will make available a software product that will allow SPARC based machines to be both servers and dients within Novell networks. The PrimeService business unit of Prime Computer has been in the business of roviding services and systems to many of Contact: Tom Breunig, Miller Communications, rime's customers worldwide. They have Tel: 617/536-0470, Fax: 617/536-2772, Lee noticed an increasing need for having Llevano,GeoWorks, Tel:408/43%4704, Catherine Novell NetWare capability on machines Miller, Borland, Tel: 415/6444883. other than the ones that Novell is currently

supporting. As a result of a contractual agreement between PrimeService and Novell, PrimeService has been providing version of NetWare (known as Portable NetWare un til n o w ) f o r U n i x - based machines. This relationship has been in place since late 1988. Portable NetWare for Unix has been shipping since July of 1990. This week' s a nnouncement m a rk s t h e d e b u t o f Connection NetWare for SPARC systems. C onnection is a t r ademark of P r i m e Computer. Users who have this package can now integrate their SPARCbased computers (most of which are made by Sun) that are running Unix into their Novell NetWare

network The SPARC machine can act as either a server on the network or as a dient. The SPARC machines are completely integrated into the network so that no user has to do anything spedal to use resources that are attached to the SPARC-based machines. This version of Connection NetWare is based on NetWare version 5.01, which is the latest version for which source code has been made available to PrimeService. PrimeService intends to offer a version of Connection NetWare that corresponds to the currently shipping NetWare S.ll as soon as it gets access to the code and modifies it.

Contsnsrerf on page42

New For PC: Lotus 1-2-3 V1.1 For OS/2

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETI'S, OCI' 10 (NB) — Lotus Development Corp. has announced the introduction of Release 1.1 of Lotus 1-2-5 for OS/2, an update to 145/G, the graphical version of I-M designed for the OS/2 and Presentation Manager personal computer operating system. In its announcement, Lotus said that it will ship Standard, Server, and Node Editions of the product within 50 days. The suggested retail price of the various editions will be $695, $995 and $695, respectively. Existing customers who purchase or have purchased a version of 1-2-5 on or after April 1, 1991, are eligible to upgrade to 1 2-5 for OS/2 Release 1.1 for a suggested retail price of $49. All other current 1-2-5 users can upgrade to 1-2-5 for OS/2 for a suggested retail price of $150. Announcing the new version, Jeffrey Beir, Lotus director of product marketing for spreadsheets, said, "Customers have told us that OS/2 applications play a significant role in their business, and that they require the latest spreadsheet technologies, as well as the abiTity to build custom applications. 12-5 for OS/ 2 satisfies these needs by providing OS/2 users with industry4eading analytical tools, as well as the familiarity of Lotus 1-24. Contact: Kimberly Twist, Lotus Development Corp, 617%93-8289-5372.

IBM Canada, Rogers Cable

Study High-Speed Networidng

TORONTO, ONTARIO, OCl' 4 (NB)IBM Canada and Rogers Cable, a major Canadian operator of cable television services, have announced a joint study of high~peed networking technologies. The broadband, integrated services the two companies are exploring could transport text, i mage, v oice, an d m u l t i media information. The major promise of the technology lies in multimedia, IBM spokesman Stan Didzbalis told Newsbytes. But he said it is too early to know where the study might l ead or whether i t c o uld r esult in a commercial joint venture between the companies. The project will use IBM's PARIS, a BLst packetmritdiing networking technology that can move data, voice, and video over optical fiber at speeds up to one gigabit per second. Rogers Cable will provide the fiberwptic links connecting sites in Metropolitan Toronto. The companies will test a variety of

Distributedby

applications, induding videoconferencing and high-speed links among local~rea networks in ddferent locations. Two other companies will participate. Rogers Cantel is Canada's national cellular telephone service provider, and Unitel Communications is a data communications carrier. Both are partly owned by Rogers Communications, the parent company of Rogers Cable. Contact: Stan Didzbelis, IBM Canada, 4164743900, fax 416%74-3409; Joe Boutros, Rogers Cable, 41 &442-2850.

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42 THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91 In addition to the standard set of Novells upplied services, PrimeService h a s enhanced the product with the addition of several mail gateways. Present in this release are gateways between Mail Handling Service (MHS) and X.400 mail systems as well as Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). There are a lso gateways between an SPXflPX to a TCP/IP system. Additional enhancements include a centralized file backup fadhtyand a network management utility. Connection NetWare will be shown in the Prime booth at the NetWorld show. It is supposed to begin shipping in December. Pricing for Connection NetWare has not

been established at this time. Contact: Carolyn Lisle, PrimeService, 508-6202800 ext. 5019.

First Multimedia E-mail Apy. Demonstrated

S AN JOSE, CALIFORNIA, O C T 3 (NB)~l nnosoft International said it has developed the first multimedia electronic mail (ecnail) application. Demonstrated at InterOp '91 in San Jose this month, the new multimedia mail application has been created to work with Innosoft's E-mail gateway for Digital Equipment Corporation

(DEC) users called PMDF, Innosoft said. PDMF usc:s the VAX/VMS platform rather than Unix, however, it can use PMDF's multi~otocol capalities to support other p latforms including Unix, D O S , a n d Madntosh, Innosoft said. The new application transmits images, sound, and text over the Internet, Innosoft said. The planned demonstration is based on extensions to the 822 E-mail standard "Mechanismsfor Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies," the companysaid. T he b et a t e s t v e r sion i s t o be demonstrated at InterOp '91' over TCP/IP b etween VM S M a i l w i t h t h e P M D F

multimedia mail a g ent an d a n o ther workstation running All-In-1 Mail, the company said. PMDF is currently sold on an annual subscription basis and is $960 per machine for the first bundle and $480 for each additional bundle, Innosoft said. More information is available from Innosoft at

(714) 624-'$0'l. Contact: Stormy Burns, Innosoft, Tel: 714/6247907, Fax: 714621-5319.

PC-Xview Links Windows PCs to X Window Systems B EAVERT O N , O R E G O N , O C T 9 (NB) — Computer graphics connectivity specialist Spectragraphics Corporation has introduced PC-Xview for Windows, a system for linking PCs to networked X Window systems. Using PC-Xview, Windows users can display multiple X W i n d ows System applications alongside local Windows applications and switch back and forth between the two. Since PC-Xview for Windows is fully integrated with Windows, users can cut and paste between the two environments. PC-Xview p r ovides a graphical interface to m u ltiple hosts simultaneously, induding Unix, AIX, and VMS using networking products such as NovelVs LAN WorkPlace for DOS, Sun's PCNFS, and FIP's PC/TCP. Spectragraphics says PC-Xview for Windows will be supported by its existing technical support organization, which indudes a team of field specialists, as well as home office 'support technicians and engineers. The company hasover 20 ofiices around the world. According toJohn Morc:land, general manager of GSS Personal Graphics Division, which is the Spectragraphics subsidiary responsible for PC-Xview for Windows, the product brings together the dominant graphics standards in PCs and Unix. PCXview for Windows is scheduled to start shipping in late October, with a US list price

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Compaq Computer Announces Color Portable HOUSTON, TEXAS, OCT 7 (N B)Compaq Computer todayannounced a 33 megahertz 486 color display portable p ersonal c o mputer. S h i p ments a r e scheduled to begin later this quarter. Dubbed the Compaq Portable 486c Personal Computer, the EISA-based ACpowered unit features what Compaq says is . its first implementation of T hin Film Transistor (TFI') active matrix technology. The company saysTFf, combined with a hot cathode backlit display panel and the - advanced graphics system, enables the color VGA to provide high contrast color, screen response in less than 50 mQlismonds, and a large selection of colors. The unit can access a palette of over 4,000 colors in 640 X 480 resolution, 256 of which can be usc;d simultaneously. Compaq says the display is as easy to read as desktop computer color monitors, with similar brightness, color depth and viewing range. According to Rod Canion, Compaq president and CEO, the Compaq Portable 486c represents a new generation of ACpowered portable PCs, Says Canion, "No other color portable in its class offers this

level of perfonnance, color capalities and features in such a small hghtweight design to mc,et th e n e ed s o f t o d ay's most

demanding customers." The new unit is available in two models, each with four megabytes of system memory standard. RAM can be expanded to 32

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44 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 expandable to16 MB, and a 1.44 MB Soppy disk drive. (central processing unit) to a 524it 20 MHz Hard disk sizes Som 40, 60 to 80 MB are 486SX or a 25 hBC 486DX. available. 'Ihe user may also choose between MOUNTAlS VIEW, RNIA, OCT While most notebook PCs rate 5.0 the 20-MHz 886SX, 20-MHz 486SX or 25- 4 (NB) — Momenta, a start-up company million-instructions-per~econd (mips) in MHz 486DX CPU. backed by $40 miHion in venture capital, has Power Meter benchmarks, ALR daims the ALR daims to have pioneered the Srat unveiled a 'pentop" computer combining a VIP M has a 10 mips rating, the highest upgrade architecture on the PC desktop in full@he keyboard, the portability of laptop performance rating in the mdustxy for a 1989. More recently, Tendon announced a with t h e han d w ritin g r e c o gnition notebook PC. line of modular desktop computers called t he new pe n - based According to ALR, the upgrade process the Option, and a line of desktop computers capabilities o f co ut e r L takes about 50 seconds. It is accomplished with removeable, portable hard disks called nlike th e p e n -baaed computers, by lifting the accesscover above the the PacIL however, the Momenta 'pentop" computer keyboard and changing the CPU. The VIP M weighs seven pounds, measures 11.75 x ContacC Dave Kirkey, Advanced Logic Research, is DOSbased and does not require the user t o give up t h e k eyboard to use p e n 8.5 x 2.25 inches, haa four megabytes (MB) Tel: 714/581 4770, Fax: 714/581-9240. technology, Momenta said. The '7-pound of interleaved, page-mode RAM, which is

CongintaedPorn Page49

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portable unit with its own carrying case allows the user to use DOS programs. Handwriting recognition soSware converts the user's wxiting when written with a spedal pen on the screen. Kim Carsten, of public relations for Momenta, said a user can switch between the pen and the keyboard at any time, write and have the computer do the conversion as it is written, convert the user's handwriting later, or not at alL Users may not want conversion for scribbling notes, like appointments on a calendar, and the Momenta computer will display the calendar each time with the handwritten notes on it, the company said. Carsten said the Momenta is geared toward professionals such as writers or lawyers and has a dictionaxy trainer. It takes about 15 minutes to train the unit to recognize individual handwriting, Carsten said. The unit is geared for note wriYing and s hort h a ndwritten p i e ces w it h t h e anflcipation that longer writing work would be done on the keyboard, Carsten added. A user could not expect to type a full page of information on any pen-based computer and get 100% recognition, Carsten said, but writing a full page the user would probably want to use a keyboard anyway. EdiYing of documents can also be done, in much the same way it is done in penbased computing environments, with proofreading symbols written by the user interpreted by the computer and acted upon, so crossing out a word would delete it, the company said. Momenta says the new pentop has an Intel 586 microprocessox', a detachable keyboardfor convenience in data entxy, and comes with a word processor, spreadsheet, calendar and address book developed by Momenta for the pentop computer. ContacL Kim Carsten, Momenta, Tel: 415/9693876 ext 184, Fax: 41 5/969-3877.

Spectrum Cellular To Earevide Cellular Links For Momenta DALLAS, TEXAS, OCT 8

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Spectrum Cellular will provide its Axsys smart cellular i nterface for use with Momenta's new pen-based computing systems. The Momenta Pentop is the third penbased system to reach the market, following announcementa by Go of an operating system called PenPoint and Microsoft of a system called Pen Windows. Pen-based computers look like thick notepads, and can understand some handwxiting. Commands and data are entered on Sat screens with plastic, inness pens. The deal is the third major move by Spectrum. Previously, it supplied the intedace to NEC and Toabiba. The idea is that users of laptop computers will be able to send and receive Sexes and data Sles over cellular phone links using exrorwoxrection techniques. The Spectrum Axsys system supports Motorola, Audiovox and Uniden cellular. phones.. ContacL Spectrum Information Technologies, John Rule, 214/630-9825.

Poqet OffersRadio-Based Palmtops SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA, OCT 2 (NB) — Poqet Computer has announced that i t w i l l man u f a cture a n d mar k e t "communicating computers based on The Poqet PC. The first of these products will integrate with the ARDIS radio network to

provide radio communications and will have a aingleenit suggested retail price of $4,995. The initial unit will contain Motorola's RPM 400i radio modem which also provides Hayes coanpatible 9600 baud operation over standard telephone linea. The unit is a combination of the standard Poqet MSDOS

Gnatintxedonpcs45

THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV'91 45 computer currently on the market and an LU6.2/CICS. The CICS interface is used on attached modem h ousing which also IBM 5090 and compatible mainframe contains a parallel printer port, a serial computers. LU 6.2 is a communications connection, a RJ11 telephone connection standard. for standard modem interface and a Reiter writes that Poqet is "betting the separate power connection. The combined comINny," now 80 percent owned by Fujitsu unit weighs 2.2 pounds. of Japan, on wireless links. The company, Poqet spokesperson Matthew Schmidt which has lost money since its founding, will told Newsbytes that the MS-DOS computer now indude a Motorola radio modem and a condnues to be powered by two standard AA fax/landline modem. In addition to being batteries while the modem section draws usable onArdis,the new modem can abo be power from rechargeable NICADS that have used with Mobidata in Canada and the a life of approximately 8 hours between Hutchison network in Hong Kong. By charges. keeping the modem on standby 90 percent Schmidt told Newsbytes that the initial of the day, receiving data nine percent of markedng thrust for the new units will be to the day and transmitting one per cent, the valueMded resellers (VARs) speciaMng in batteries should last about ten hours, Poqet field automation. Poqet will begin to ship believes. The enfire system weighs two prototype systems to product developersin pounds. the fourth quarter of this year. Schmidt said Reiter writes that the new Poqet will that Poqet will also provide appHcations compete with Motorola's one-line, nonsoftware development aids as part of the DOS, portable KDT 840 terminal and the development system. He said that end~ new IBM PCtadios. systems will begin to ship toward the end of 'Looking at the products from IBM's first quarter 1992. and Motorola's standpoint, Poqet will have A RDIS, a p artnership of I B M a n d to prove that its computer can withstand the Motorola, is a n ationwide radio data rigors of the mobile data environment," communications service used. by field writes Reiter. workers. Schmidt said that ARDIS has Contact: Ericsson, Kathy Egan, 212/685-4030; approxhnately40,000 users of whom many use a handheld KDP terminal that sells for Alan Reiter, Mobile Data Report, 202-223-2933. the same price as the Poqet. Schmidt also explained that one can send mail through the radio modem for integration into the worldwide global SUNNYVALE, CALIFORNIA, OCT 8 network. He said there are firms, such as (NB) — Telebit has introduced what it calls PSI, that provide linkages between the radio the smallest, most powerful V.S2 modem in network and the Internet. Schmidt says that, the indusuy. while it is a tw~tep operation to set up any Running on a standard nine-volt battery communications link, the interfaces are and measuring under 2.5 inches, or .06 transparent to the user. meters, on a side, the@Blazer can run at the Contact: Robert Owens, Poqet Coinputer Corp., equivalent 39,400 bitsper~cond (bps) with V .42bis error c ompression and d a t a 408-764-9465. correction. The modem can be used with both IBM on Ardis-Mobitex PC and compatible computers and Appl» Radio INodem Competition Macintoshes. The product features eight P ARAMUS, NEW J ERSEY, OC T 2 status lights and a speaker. (NB) — RAM Mobile Data, with backing The @Blazer retails at f'745 and indudes from Ericsson GE, and Ardis, a joint-venture a custom accessory travel pouch and between Motorola and IBM, are competing MagicSoft PC Communications Software. A fiercely for a new market in linking field tw~ear warranty is also provided. staffs to their bases using radio modems. F irst, E r i csson G E a nd M el a r d ContactTelebit,Donna Loughli n,408/745-3068 Technologies announced a strategic aihance to develop the Mobitex radio data system. Ericsson GE developed Mobitex, which is offered in the U.S. by RAM Mobile Data of New York. Th e M o b itex system here TOKYO, JAPAN, OCT 10 (NB) — Shincompetes with an IBM-Motorola joint Nippon Kohan says it has developed a venture called Ardis. Melard is developing modem which transmits data at '76,800 bits systems for field service technician, lihng per second. Its "Super Hi~peed Modem" them to host coinputers via Mobitex. will be released in Japan, the U.S., and Ericsson GE will provide the modems and Europe next month. other products to tnake the link possible, as The Super Hi<peed Modem was jointly well as marketing and technical support. developed with Forval, a subsidiary of ShinAlso, the Mobile Data Report newsletter Nippon Kohan in the U.S., and its affiliate reports that Psion is integrating its handheld firm Inteihgent Modem Corporation in the Organizer with M o bitex, again using U.S. They have developed two versionsof Ericsson GE's upcoming portable radio the modem. One is a stand&one unit and modem for use over RAM Mobile Data's the other is a card-type modem. Both Mobitex network. Psion has sold some modems are based on the CCITr standard. 700,000 Organizersworldwide, and has been Intelligent Modem Corp. has applied for the exploring wireless data options for two copyright protection on these products in years. Based on size alone, Ericsson is at the U.S. in May. least 12 months behind Motorola, says MDR The list price of the 76,800 bps modem Washington editor Alan Reiter. Electronic will be around 100,000 yen (fy40). mail will be the main feature of the new F orval a n d I nte l l i gen t M o d e m Psion-Ericsson combination. Corporation have been worhng together on Ardis has not been silent, either. It modems for some time. They released a signed a deal with Poqet Computer, now a 14,400 bps modem in the U.S. last fall. division of Fujitsu, to provide the RF data Forval will start its own online computer capability und er Poqet ' s new BBS called Forval Link" shortly. Updated "communicating computer" concept. The data on the modem s and upgrade offering includes Motorola's RPM 400i radio infoxmaiion will be offered to callers, as well modem — only Motorola m odems are as modem drivers. allowed to use Ardis. In addition, Ardis announced a softvrare interface which ContacL Forval Shin-Nippon Kahan, +81-3-3583makes it easier to link PCs on its system to 2701. host applications under standards called

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DEC To Distribute Adobe Illustrator With Workstations

• •

•

New For PC: Windows Packages From CA

GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK, OCT ll (NB) —Ccnnputer Associates has introduced three software packages for Microsoft ( NB) — Ad o b e Rlc M t s e atcb chatader pwasrssb aocumcat Hdy announced an agree- Windows and promised more by yearwnd. ment wit h D i g i tal The company said it plans to have the E q u i p m e n t industry's most comprehensive line of Windows applications. Corporation (DEC) CA has announced: dBFast, a multi-user under which DEC will version of the dBASE development language distribute its Adobe • Galaxyhascorn systems ranging from I llustrator 8 .0 f or W i n dows; CA-PHIPS, a n i m a g e the economical 2$6 to the awesome 486 SSA. software for VMS and ULTRIX reduced processing system; and CA4uperProject for instruction set chip (RISC) workstations M S-Windows, a W i n d ows version o f • 7ailor a Galaxy computer to yar exact running under the Motif graphical user Computer Associates' project management requirements, orupgrade your present system. sofbvare. interface (GUI). dBFast is built o n , technology CA DEC is expected to begin marketing the • Galaxy provides quality products and acquired and hasoffered under DOS. The product in December of this year at a outstandlllg technical supporL new Windows version supports data sharing suggested retail price of $995, Adobe said. over a l ocal-area network, said John • Galaxyhas been in businesssince 1SN. Contact:Patricia Pane, Adobe, Tei: 415/962-3967, Schoutsen, marketing manager in the Micro .<i'..a v:+:+'+w" Fa".:.; 0 Fax: 41 5/969%1 38. P roducts Division a t C A C a n ad a i n M ississauga, On tario. I t a l l o w s a n y DOS To Unix With SCO's New application developed in dBASE III to be run under the Windows interface, he said. jSB INultiView Desktop 3.1 Due to ship November ll, the single-user SAN J OSE, CALIFORNIA, O CT 1 0 I (NB) — Now Microsoft Windows users can version of dBFast will sell for C$595. A multiview multiple MS-DOS, Windows, Xenix, user version is also available. et' • t' CA-PHIPS, a high-resolution image and Unix system applications at the same processing package for Windows, is also due t ime in m u l tiple Windows on a I B M personal computer with The Santa Cruz to be available in November. It can read and Operation's (SCO's) newly announced JSB write 82, 24, 16, eight, four, and one-bit color and grey-scale data in a variety of MultiView Desktop Release S.l. SCO says the JSB MultiView Desktop f ormats, th e c o m p any s a id , I m a g e customization op tions include color R elease 8.1 allows users to run U n i x e applications from a 286, 886 or 486 PC reduction, scaling, rotation, dithering, running Microsoft Windows 8.0 connected image sharpening, smoothing, n oise via RS-282 serial lines, modems or network reduction, controlled image compression, transports to a host running SCO Xenix, omni~ectional Sle format conversion, end SCO Unix System V, or SCO Open Desktop. color separation. The price is C$549. T he n e w Win d o w s v e r sion o f Karen Blue, general manager of SCO's complementary products business unit, said: SuperProject offers the same functions as This nc;w release of JSB M u l tiView the existing versions for DOS and for Digital DeskTop, in addition to SCO's Microsoft Equipment VAX minicomputers,Schoutsen LAN Pocal area network] Manager for Unix said, but adds full support for the Windows Systems, exemplifies SCO's commitment to interface. It is available immediately at providing a v a r i ety o f D O S - to-Unix C$995. CA promised to introduce Windows connectivity options." Blue went on to say: "Release S.l protects versions of Accpac Plus, its high-end the investment Windows users have made in accounting software, and SuperCalc, its personal productivity software, hardware, basic spreadsheet program. The company and training, while giving them full access also promised new Windows products in the areas of word processing, spreadsheet, and to, and integration with, Unix systems." other applications. Schoutsen said the • IMB RAM (exp. SMB) B ut not o nly can u sers run U n i x additional Windows spreadsheet program applications, they can share data between • 1.44MB (3.5") FD & 40MB HD Windows and Unix applications as the JSB will be based on CA&ompete, a highwnd • 1 Serial 8 Parallel Multivlew Desktop makes use of Windows Snancial modelling package the company Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), SCO said. already sells. • Built-in VGA card with 256K JSB MultiView DeskTop provides file• Darius VGA Monitor (640 x 480) transfer and "copyand-paste" capabilities Contact:John Schoutsen, CA Canada, 4164766700, fax 4164i76-6734. • 101 Enhanced Keyboard between applications, SCO said. Users can also print from MS-DOS and Windows • MS DOS 4.01 applications to Unix network printers, SCO INicrophone II for Windows • l Year Full Warranty B ERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, OCT 1 1 added. Blue added: Users can take advantage (NB) — Software Ventures Corp., developer of the vast number of MSDOS and Windows of the MicroPhone II communications applications, access corporate data and Unix software package for the Macintosh, is now applications anywhere on the network, and shipping version 2.0 of MicroPhone II for get rid of that extra terminal on their desks Windows. According tothe company, the product as a bonusl" Further users have access to online, features a complete implementation of context-sensitive help, SC O c o n sole Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), which emulation, enhanced VT220 tc:rminal allows for it to act as both DDE sexver and • 1MB RAM (exp. 5MB) emulation, support for proportional fonts dient. AddiYionally, the package also allows for multiple sessions to be run at the same (including Windows fonts), and even • 60MB HD time, as well as multitashng, where several displays colored icons, SCO said. • 1A4MB (3.5') FD Users can also run up to six separate applications can be run at once, even during • 2 Serial 8 1 ParalIel sessions on a SCO host with a single login, Sle transfers. The ZMODEM protocol is also Lougheed Hwy display each session in its own window and supported. • 1 External VGA Port MicroPhone I I f o r W i n d ows also 5 even log into multiple Unix hosts as well, • LCD VGA includes a built-in script editor, contextSCO said. Unix to Windows applications. Q w with 16 Gray Scales sensitive on-line help, and front-c.nds to 0 JSB MultiView DeskTop Release S.l such information services a GEnie and • MS DOS 4.01 supports Microsoft LAN M anager for C UnixSystems and many other new network CompuServe. • 1 Year Full Warranty MicroPhone II for Windows 2.0 is being transports, and i n c ludes a m o d ular OSTCO offered at the introductory price of $129 a rchitecture that a l l ows support f o r until November 80, 1991. After that date it Best Value ~~ AP PROVED additional terminals and networks as well, will be priced at $195. SCO said. MO U N T A IN VIEW, CALIFORNIA, OCl' 8

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV'91 49

Microsoft Entertainment Packs For Windows

Neer For PC: Panacea Intros lNinciows Accelerator

REDM O N D , WA SH IN G T O N , OCT 4 (NB) — Microsoft has announced it is now shipping volumes two and three of its Entertainment Packs for Windows. Each volume consists of seven new games, as well as a variety of screen savers that include „password protection. Induded in the new volumes are such programs as SkiFree and Fuji Golf, a screen saver that weaves an oriental tapestry and a 400 yearold Polish puzzle caBed Klotski, which Newsbytes reported on earlier this year. Microsoft says the games in volume one were originallydeveloped by company programmers in their spare time, but became so popular withm the company that it decided to market them commereiall. Three of the new games were developed using Microsoft Visual Basic, the graphical progranunmg systet a for Windows. Volume Two includes Pipe Dream, FreeCell, Tut's Tomb, JigSawed, Rodent's Revenge, RattlerRace, Stones, and IdleWild. Pipe Dream, originally designed by Lucas Arts Entertainment Company, requires quick reQexes and some plumbing ability. FreeCell and Tut's Tomb are twists on Solitaire. JigSawed allows the player to chop any bitmap into puzzle pieces, and the level of difficulty can be adjusted from a Gveminutc: break to an all~ e x erdse. Rodent's Revenge is a cat and mouse game, with the user playing the part of the mouse. In RattlerRace, users, as snakes, grow longer with each apple they eat, as they move through mazes. Stones is a game of observation and strategy, whBe IdleWild is a collection of screen savers. Supporting password protection, IdleWild includes fractals, spinning spider webs, spotlights, and other moving deagns. Entertainment Pack Volume Three includes Fuji Golf, TriPeaks, WordZap, Klotski, SkiFree, LifeGenesis, TetraVex, and IdleWild. In Fuji Golf, developed by a MicrosoftJapanese subsidiary, golfers adjust their strokes to terrain and wind as they play 18 holes at the base of Mt. Fui L TriP is a card e s i m ilar to Solitaire, while Sk(Flree has the player skiing down a hill covered with obstacles, people, and racing gates.

LOND O N D E R RY, NEW HAM PSHIRE, OCT 1 (NB) — Panacea Incorporated has announced Winspeed, a software-only upgrade that speeds up the display speed capabilities of applications running under Microsoft WindowL Scheduled to be publicly unveiled at Comdex Fall in a few weeks time, the package speeds up Wmdows applications by a factor of between two and five. The package is bBled as an alternative for MSWindows users who are "plagued with cumbersome display performance but do not wish to purchase or install costly hardware upgradesfor theirPCs,' according to the company. Winspeed is designed to run with more than 85 percent of aB Super VGA graphics cards. In use, the package works in a similar fashion to similar packages for the Atari ST — replacing the standard screen drivers with a new' set of program modules that run much faster. The package, which was developed by Binar Graphics, a California-based company, is priced at $79.

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a writing tool for identifying gratmnar, style, p unctuation an d syntax e r r ors i n a document. FaceLift is an cmscreen and printer font WordZap is a word game in which players rendering tool. One of the purposes of match wits against the computer in a FaceLift is to make fonts appear onscreen vocabulary race. The screen savers in just as they will when prxnted. FaceLift Volume Three indude oriental tapestries, comes with 1$ rendered typefaces. saBboat races, and snakes. The retaB price is $495. Registered users Each volume carries a suggested retail of WordStar Lc,gacymay upgrade for $49. price of $59.95 and requires WIndows 5.0, Registered users of WordStar for DOS can DOS 5.1 or later, a 286, 586 or 486 PC, one upgrade for $129. WordStar is also ofFering 5.2'5-inch high density drive or a $.5-inch the $HQ upgrade price to owners of other drive, and a hard drive. You will need at software packages for Windows. More least 1 MB of RAM, an EGA, CGA, 8514/A moan don t mml ble hying (800)-2eor Hercules video card, and a mouse. The 5609. company recommends a color monitor. ContacL Krlstln Keves, WordStar, Tel: 415/382Contact: Karen Meredith, Microsoft, 206482- 4955, Fea 41508 560. 8080.

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A Knowledgeworker's Toolbox For The 9D's Jargon Alertl The term "workstation" deserves some "defuzzifimtion at this point. As it stands now, workstation refers to any keyboard~d~onitor combina tion in a corporate setting. Marketers seem to be impressed with the sense of authority the word "workstation" implies and have been using the texm to discribe a diskless '286 on a Novell LAN or even dumb termiualL Besides, it sounds more

impressive than "PC .

ForThe Record

ver the past year, the line bc:tween "workseations and personal computers has become much more blurry. With all "high~ d " p ersonal computers, performance ratings of 20 milSon instructions per second (MIPS) are being exceeded. This equals, if not even surpasses, the perfonnance ratings of Ioteend UNIX workstations. So, then, what makes a UMX workstation a different animalP In a nutshell, a UNIX workstation is a well~tegxated computer ccunbining fast graphics, a high speed CPU with a math coprocessor, a quick~rage subsystem, encl an architecture that allows plenty of d a ta throughput. Combine this hnd of hardware w ith a larg e sc r e en , a f iexi b l e multiuser/multitashng operating system,

and a graphic user interface (GUI) and we have the foundation for a workstation. It's true that simile graphics performance is avaihble for personal computers of all kinds. However, there are two objections to this line of reasoning. First, adding the additional hardware to a personal computer wRl end up costing the same amount as a

lowland UNIX woricstation. Second, a project will take more time because the comput-

ing power and throughput of a personal

The first thing you w91 notice about a workstafion is the size of the screen. A 16" screen is small; most people prefer 19 colour models because more workspace can

be displayed. Typicamy, display resolution exceeds 1M4xV68 pixels (the upper ihuit of Super VGA) for good detail with those hrge screen shes. A large monitor is required bc:cause all workstations employ aGUL Those of you who are famiTim with a Madntosh, OS/8 or MS Windows will know that a hrge screen is most helpful. You will also be aware that a graphical application

For our purposes, we shall arbitrarily define a workstation as a computer runs slower than traditional characterised that is not based on an existing personal soIbvam. Combine a hrger screen (many more pbtels have to be refreshed) with computer architecture (Le., AT, etc.). I would also like to add a note about graphical software and any PC starts getting MPS. A l s o kn ow n as Mea n ingless overworked. Sure, you can buy a graphics Information Perpetrated by Salespeople, it is accelerator for a personal computer, but not a definitive evaluation criteria For lack one is included with a workstation. In fact, of a better term, it is analagous to the quar- some vendors indude a graphics subsystem termBe thnesfor a car. How often do you as an integral part of the central procemng drag race your carP While MPS provides us unit (CPU). Another feature is a fast CPU (and UMX with a useful measure fiar rough comparison, the value gives no indication, whatsoev. needs am the speed it can getl). Power PCs er, of how the system will perfoxm in the like 486s or high~d M acs/Amigas nm at real wori. Even though I have induded roughly 15 to RO MPS. A typical entxy4evel pubhshed MPS radngs here, please take w orkstation starts at RO MPS and mid~ g e them with a grain of salt (dragsters don't units run at 50 to 'lO MPS. Again, you can buy a higiaend PC, toss in somemore hardcorner vexy well). ware, add UNIX and you can have a lowend, patchworkquilt workstation. But what So, What ls A Workstations As the name hnplies, a worksuuion does happens to your overall system performance more than a personal computer. A PC was when that 52Wt processor tries to xam data designed to do one thing at a time as a (pardon the pun) down that lait bus) With a workstation. the bus is designed stand&one machine. In conuast, a workstation is designed to function on a network with the CPU's future in mind. The bus is while allowing the operator to perform sev. not a performance bottleneck; it quickly eral tasks, simuhaneously. This inherent moves data &om point to point without hincapality to multitask and share resources drance. Add to this a hrge disk, lots of memin a multiuser environment is what sets ory, and an easy way to add peripherals (via workstations apart Rom personal comput- SCSI connectors) and that makes for an ers. To see how this is done, let's take a impressive piece of machinery. moment to examine the components.

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said (not all of it ficvorablel) about UNIX for over two decades. And that's the point: UMX has been around for over 20 years. That's a fiur bit of thne to build a featurepacked operating system, . To begin with, UNIX is muldtasldng and multiuser. It is feasible for several people to use a workstation at once aud/or perform several tasks at once. For impafient people or for those who would like to do several things at once, this is ideal. UNIX also has a complete communications suite built4n. Workstations come 4LNready with mtegral ethexnet cards. Just damp on the cable to the workstation, set the address, and you' re on the net. Serial communications {over the phone line or via a cable) support is also built in. This feature makes wide area networks (WANs) easy to set up, too Snally, UM X supports a number of intexficceL Since workstations coine with powexM GUls, the user doesn't have to navigate through the dphetvpace of the ugly UMX command line. Good programmers agree that we mere mortals should be shielded from native UNIX. The presence of a GUI means that you spend time leaxning the application instead of leaning UNIX.

A aoocl Place To Start Ill be the first to admit that most people in busiiness have no need for the power of a workstation on or beside their desk In most cases a personal computer will sufiice. However, when mme isrelyvaluable or you still find yourself waiting for a calcuhtion to finish, perhaps you should consider exainining a workstation4ased product.

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a llow you t o g a t he r h u g e fi l e s o f meaningless numbers, sort them and create hereare four broad categories of meaningful, three-dimensional pictures. occupations that would find a UNIX This is a trend that is known as "data workstation useful. Mind you, these visualization" and is a booming industry in are only generalizations. its own right. The first group are software developers In business, the workstation is not a a nd engineers. Th e r a w s peed o f a commonplace office fixture (yet) and little workstation cuts the time wasted waiting for is known about what software is available; c ode to c o mpile. R e gardless of t h e however, onWall Street, every good broker computer type that will be the target, a and analyst has a workstation on their desk workstation will improve productivity. Perhaps business still sees an expensive The second group are those who have a workstation as a BMW or a Volvo. need to analyze or monitor a large amount Nevertheless, the standard databases, of data, graphically. Again, the speed and spreadsheets, accounting systems and word video resolution will decrease the time processors are available. Additionally, there needed to visualize relationships and are numerous graphics, communications present those relationships in an intuitive and vertical market applications on the fsshion. market. Additionally, there can also be Designers of all sorts will benefit as welL interdisciphnary crossovers. Both artists and engineers can, with a The same software that a geophysicist workstation, refine and dearly view detailed uses to turn seismic data into maps of designs as many times as needed. This, in under@'ound caverns can also be used by a some cases, can virtually eliminate the need finannal analyst to detect a trading pattern for building models of the design. of a panicuiar group of stocks. In fact, that' s Finally, the fourth group are media precisely what some investment companies workers. Whether the project is pubhshing do. There are also a number of technical directories and similar large documents or analysis programs, employing artificial producing special efFects for ThcAbyss or intelligence techniques, that could only run T rmsasor 2, a UNIX workstation will give in a timely manner on UMX workstations. you a realm of tools not available in the A workstation w il l a l l o w y o u t o personal computer world. (The effects for simultaneously allow you to acquire data both of these films were created with from a news service, do some intensive software from Toronto's Alias Research, by number~ c h ing in the background, draw the way.~) charts in real time, do some analysis while you put the finishing touches on that important proposal. No More Excuses From If you have the need to done yourself or On a personal computer, the biggest can't afford to wait for results, take a serious waste of time in a software development look at a UMX workstation solution. environment is waiting for the computer to r ewompile t h e cod e . T ha t ' s w h y Refine, Your Design Industrial design is where a workstation programmers always whine about needing fastei computers. Even by using various can really shine. How would you like to multitasking products for PCs, developers know exactly how a product will behave and what it will look like before spending money stfil spend a lot of time reading novels. On a fast workstation, there are no more on a prototypei' W hether you ar e a n a r t ist o n a n . excuses. Large screens allow for multiple windows; this is frequently referred to as automotive design team or an engineer "heads up programming. A fast processor detemtining the optimal layout of a drcuit can cut compile times down to a half or even board, UNIX w o rkstations far surpass a third. Even so, with a proper multitashng anything a'personal computer can do. In environment, a developer's tram of thought fact, design software is getting so good, many manufacturers employing the latest need not be intenuptecL The o t her b e n efit i s t h a t b e t t er techniques have reduced their development cycles to one or two prototypes. development software is available for Powerful modelling and simulation workstations. Computer~ided software engineering (CASE) tools can really help software allows you to build a representation reduce development time and improve of a system plus your designed components. quality controL Aho, cross compilers are You can then test the interactions of your component with the system, without even numerous so that code developed on a having to bufid a prototype. workstation can be written for a PC. The Once the system has been tested, the popular IB M P C p r o gram GeoWorks components can be designed using a CAD ( Berkeley Software) was written an d compiled on Sun Microsystems' SPARC package. In addition to allowing multiple design iterations quickly, a high level of workstations. In a lot of cases, regardless of the final predsion is maintained. Each design can then be rendered in application (databases, inventory systems, etc.), a UNIX workstation will help analysts three dimensions with stunning clarity and and programmers do their jobs more detail. This also provides you with a powerfisl sales tool. Several companies have effectively. found that showing a customer a very accurate presentation of what the final What Do All Those Numbers product will look like has dosed more dealL Mean, Anyways You can even subject your design to An ancient Chinese sage once remarked simulated physical stress to see how it will that a picture is worth a thousand words. If react. Computer simulated nonAestructive it's your job to make sense out of many rows testing is a fast~owing service in its own and columns of numbers, then a workstation right. may be just the thing for you. Even though the startup costof a UNIX Since workstations are popular in science workstation design solution will be high, the and engineering, one would expect a myriad payoff in terms of staff time and production of dat a acqu i s i tion , st a t i stical savings will quickly justify the added analysis/interpretive and graphics software. expense. Besides, do you really want to pay In this regard, you won't be disappointed. your designers to wait for renews? There are dozens of applications that will

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MIP5 For Multimedia When discussing multi-media and workstations, the obvious place to start is with print pubhshing. As with all of the above applications, workstations offer a scale of performance above that of personal computers. While the functions are essentially the same as on their slower cousins, workstation4ased solutions are better suited to larger projects or small shops that have to look big. Perhaps the biggest advantage they offer over PCs is group project management. Since most software is m u l tiuser, managing th e production o f l a r g e d o cuments like catalogues and directories is somewhat easier than in a PC environment. For large scale projects, the benefits of a group of workstations becomes clear. Moving on to multimedia, recently workstations have really shown their worth. If you have been paying some attention to television, more commerdals, programs and movies are being aired that employ spedal sects produced on workstations. Somewhat closer to home, the same efFects can be used in promotional videos and education. The big benefit of workstation hardware in this kind of production is the ability of some models to draw at speeds of greater than 50 &ames per second. This allows the computer to di splay a scene o r d a t a animated in real time. This will give any production a high-quality, professional finish. And as we all know, in advertising, perception is reality.

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 53 s

ACE Reshuffled into DEC

he Adva n ce d Com pu t i n g E nvironment ( A CE ) p r o j ec t i s beginning to look less like a PC and more like a U N I X R I S C workstationinparticular, like a UNIX RISC workstation from Digital Equipment Corp. DEC has already rolled out new workstations it says are compatible with A dvanced RI SC Computing (ARC), ACE's specification for RISC system compatibility. DEC has also taken the lead in promoting ACE while other ACE founders, such as Compaq Computer and Microsoft, have faded into the background. There's good reason, it turns out. When the ACE strategy was announced this spring by Compaq, DEC, Microsoft, MIPS, and The Santa Cruz Operation, the five founders said i t would use two operating system~C O ' s Open Desktop UNI X a n d M i c rosoft's Portable OS/2~ a ch running on two kinds of hardware — IBMwompatible PCs and MIPS-based RISC workstations — for a total of four separate combinations. However, the UNIX and RISC parts of the project have charged forward while Microsoft's PC contributions appear to be mired in its running battle with IBM. DEC and SCO say the developers' kits of the ACE version of Open Desktop will be avilable early this month. The new UNIX operating system combines SCO's current Open Desktop with DEC's Ultrix and the

now known as Windows NT (for "new technology" ). The co mpany also says neither the PC no r R I SC versions of

O pen Software Foundation's OSF/ l . Because the new Open Desktop is slated to be compatible with both existing Ultrix RISC software a n d O p e n D e s k t op applications, the stage is set for an operating system with applications available for both PC and RISC environments bythe end of the year. Meanwhile, ACE members received the 150-page spedfication for ARC workstations this summer. The only part of the ARC specification that's currently unavailable is the R4000 RISC CPU designed by MIPS. MIPS says its five chipmaking partners-NEC, Integrated Device Technology, LSI Logic, Siemens, and Performance Semiconductorare already sampling the R4000, and it too will be in production by the end of the year. That will let the rest of ACE's workstation vendors get products out the door. DEC's early "AC%compatible" workstations use the MIPS RS000 RISC CPU rather than the R4000. With I B M -compatible PCs r e adily available, three corners of the ACE square should be in place by year's end. What about the fourth corner? M i c rosoft's Portable OS/2 was the operating system that was to bring PC applications to ACE and make it appealing to PC users who wouldn' t otherwise consider RISC workstations. Microsoft says Portable OS/2 has been strippc.d of its OS/2 compatiMity, and is

Windows NT will be avfiable until sometime in 1992. Where does that leave ACE? By late summer, thegroup had grown to nearly 60 members. The ACE hardware will be in place by the end of 1991, as will its UNIXbased operating system. Whether ACE can make it without Windows NT, and all the DOS software it promises to run, could be the real test of whether UNIX can make it in the mass market.

MicroSunT The ACE initiative and the IBM-Apple alliance have brought strange bedfellows togethc:r, but here's a stranger one still: Sun Microsystems and Microsoft. Considering that ACE was formed as a result of Sun' s domination of the RISC workstation market, and IBM aligned with Apple because of its fallout with Microsoft, an alliance seems strange but not out of the question, say analysts. Insiders at Sun say Microsoft's Bill Gates visited Sun CEO Scott McNealy this summer, but refused to comment on the discussions. Most analysts speculate that Microsoft wants its NT operating system to run on Sun machines. Although Microsoft is committed t o the M I P S chips through the A C E initiative, some analysts say Microsoft also wants to align with Sun because of its market presence. 0

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What is a GUI? A GUI (graphical user interface) simply provides the means to interact with a c omputer using graphical symbols. I t provides an interface between the user and the tasks the user wants to do. GUIs are characterized by icons that are metaphors for t asks, documents and applications. For example, by putting a httle icon of a text document in a folder, you could represent copying or movmg an actual computer file into a different directory. Most GUIs use scroll bars, title bars, menus that pull down, drop down or pop up, and buttons to engage the user. GUIs are used with a mouse for pointing, clicking, dragging, selecting and scrolling. These props insulate the user from the technical aspects of software applications. GUIs have a windowing environment where many files and applications can be used together in &ames. These windows can be actively sized and sorted as needed. The reason that the GUI seems to create less frustration in the user, is this ease of navigation through the various interactive applications. Cd!les of GUIs say that "windows, icons, mouse, pointer" not only spells userMendly, but the initials describe the users, too.

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Since the release of Microsoft's latest graphical user interface, Windows S.O, there has been much attention and money spent on %endows application software. Suddenly everyone wants to invest in a GUI, while abandoning their Character-based User Interface (CUI). The investment is costly: expensive 886SX or f u l l 5 8 6 c o m puters, color monitors, spifiy VGA cards, memory-hogging fancy software with fancy pricetags dangling from their designer boxes. And some people will find it ditficult to adapt to the GUI environment from CUI applications, so then thc.'re is time invested in training people on this new interface. The question is, " Is it worth i t ?" According to a recent study called The Benefits of the Graphical User Interface (by Temple, Barker gr Sloane, Inc. and cosponsored by Microsoft), investing in a GUI is worth i t , i n t e r m s o f e m p l oyee productivity. Temple, Barker gc Sloane, Inc. (TBS) showed that b ot h n o vice and expc,rienced computer users work with less hs tration, work better, work faster, and can self-teach more successfully with a GUI than with a CUL Except for not admitting their sample size, TBS does build a solid case for GUIs. At least it can be believed that learning one program within a GUI will help you learn its other applications more quickly, that there is a transference of learning. A s users, however, we must still base our dedsions on feelings, especially our first reactions to the new desktop; are we comfortable with this or not?

"I"-5 '

X. NeXTetep — the GUI included with the NeXT computer. NeXTstep was the first GUI to create a S-D effect on its highresolution grayacnle or color monitors. Key features of the rich NeXTstep environment include pcqmp menus, visual cues like 5-D buttons, proportional slider bars, and an "icon dock that allows the easy launching of commonly used applications. Among other innovations, NeXTstep utilizes Display PostScript to provide accurate WYSIWYG displays at all times. IBM has also licensed NeXTstep, but does not appear to be actively pursuing its use.

Which GUI should I buy? If you have made the decision to buy a GUI, then the type of GU I yo u n e ed depends on the type of computer you will use. Here is a sample of the GUIs developed Open Look — developed for UNIX System for common computer hardware. V.4 (also referred to as SVR4) found on Sun stations to work as a layer over a basic GUI Flavors windowing system like X Windows. The developers, Sun Microsystems and AT gc T, Macintos~ ra n d daddy of GUIs, bringingwanted to avoid legal problems with Apple, WYSIWYG technology to the masses with a so they created their own unique and bit-mapped, highwesolution graphics display enhanced look and feel. built over a proprietary operating system Contirrtrcd 0rr page 55

THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91 55 e

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OSF/ M o t i f — an alternative to OPEN LOOK developed by DEC and HewlettPackard for the Open Software Foundation (OSF) version of UNIX, that encourages thirdyarty software developers to customixe their own icons.

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INTO HD DISKS... Intuition/AmigaDOS — a multitasking windowing environment on the Amiga. The newest version of AmigaDOS, 2.0, has just been released and sports a NeXT-like 5-D look a nd adv a n ce d in t e r p r ocess communication capabilities. AmigaDOS shares many similariTies to UNIX systems, Microaof t Windows — a multitasking, induding the abiTity to use graphiml icons windowing environment on the PC that was and a command line at the same time. first (pre)announced in 1985, finally achieving mass acceptance with the release of Windows 5.0, six years later. Earlier Daaaasal 6EI Cash Vaa 6haa Sasl versions used a clumsy mechamsm called Ca6a 2 MS-DOS Executive to run non-Windows J EearaPss 0~ . psshsaa • paaaa M programs and lacked support for the 0 26wTSI 6 c urrent version's "Standard" and 5 8 6 enhanced" modeL Hence, if an application PENPOINT. designed for an earlier version of Wmdows Daahos Palaala 6666) is run under WIN5, it must be run in Real Caal aaal 0 1661.GD Ceasraa m ode,' severely li miting th e u s e o f lr Rrha llaaash2 additional memory and other advanced features. See 176r Co222putrr PapeA Oct. '9l issue for more about Windows.

OS/2 PrcNentation Manager — the GUI to IBM's OS/2 operadng system. Once touted by Microsoft as the operating standard of the future, OS/2 with Presentation Manager has had a slow start in the market, and now appears to be in danger of becoming one of the casualties in the war between IBM, forging ahead with plans to release OS/2 2.0, and Microsoft, now pursuing a 52+it variant of W i n dows ( W i ndows NT") instead. • • I

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GEM/ViewMax — Digital Research's graphics environment manager (built into Atari ST/TT computers and available as aden software for DOS) was the subject of a threatened lawsuit by Apple a few years ago, for its strong similarity to the Mac's look and feel. DR settled out of court, changing the environment's look and feel substantially, by removing Macl e v i sual cues such as a trash can and drive icons from the PC version of the socalled GEM Desktop. Interestingly, these crippling changes were never made to the Atari version. Although GEM (now, in its fourth incarnation o n t h e P C , i n e xplicably renamed ViewMax) has become more sophisticated over the years, it has been greatlyovershadowed by the more capable and popular Windows environment. (On» of the primary architects of GEM and Ventura Publisher recently released Fractal Design Painter, a natural media paint program for thc; Mac and Windows. See ls It Art Yeo' in this issue for more details.-

Ed.) Although GEM is essentially dead on the

PC, ViewMax (now bundled with DR DOS 5.0 and 6.0) carries on its heritage. The versions of GEM in ROM on Atati SI's and TTs now have little in common with the oxiginat.

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Dth~ the r e are plenty of other graphiml user interfaces available, too, including (but not limited to): GROS for the Commodore 46/128 and Apple II, NeoDesk for the Ataxi ST/TI', and GSOS for the Apple IIgs (based on the Macintosh Finder). For the PC, there's Tandy DeskMate, PC/GEOS (based on Motif), HP NewWave (bssed on Windows 5.0) and the character-based DesqView 586 (an X Windowwomptiant version has just been released). X erox has j u st r e leased it s G U I , GlobalView. More than just a GUI, it is a complete network user environment. In addidon to scroll bars, buttons, menus and icons, other features come integral to the software. Other U N I X e n v ironments include NeWS (Sun's original GUI) a n d W a ng FreeStyle.

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PenPoins-as of this writing, the Grst penbased portables using GO Corp.'s operating system/GUI are not yet released, but based on what we' ve seen so far, PenPoint is the most sophisticated, userMendly operating system ever. Key features include a scalable user interface with true MSIWYG that can be as easily applied to a handheld as to a chalkboard~ed screen, modeless operadon (i.esa you can write, cut or paste in an lllactive window Qi' send a document to fax or pmiter at any time; if the device is not connected, the request is simply stored until the appropriate resources are available), and an objectmriented design that allows the transparent use of multiple data types in a single document. Best of all, it understands gestures like hand-printed letters, pressure, etc. It remains to be seen how PenPoiut will fare against Microsoft's also-forthcoming P enWindows, bu t i t s i n t e r face a n d underlying OS mechanisms are clearly superior to those of Windows.

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obstacle as you are: relearning a hardlearned skill. Compare GUls in the same Human/computer interface designers classes of applications, e.g., Ami Professional are setting standards for G U I s . I n to Microsoft Word for Windows, to get a feel particular, there are proceedings from the far the dMerences of quality and function CHI Human Factors in Computing Systems between applications. Conferences pubhshed every year to guide Interface designers will someday be to designers. However, designers are still computing what poets are to writing and learning what works for users by observation actors are to theater. There are only a fnv axld expemnentadoxL who call interface design their profession;

transforms your phone lines into a state-of-the-art a u t o mated voice mail and call processing system.

decisions should include consistency, ardsrs and wxiters are doing their hest but it simplicity and affordabih*ty. If you feel that may not yet be good enough. the software application meets these standards,then go ahead and make the Hom long mill it take to learn2

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Auto-Receptionist Voice Mail Call Processing Call Routing Message ForuJarding AudloTex Telemarketing NetuJork Compatible

Se cautious when choosing applications for Windows 5.0, as software developers are hurxiedly porting their applications to this GUI. M a n y developers are not yet experienced ia the style guides of Windows, as many are still struggling with the same

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The TBS study is very optimistic about the self-teaching/exploration potential of G UIs. T h e y b elieve that little or n o speclalixed training is involved; only the user's enthusiasm toward the GUI Is needed. But it i s s t i ll to o e a r ly in th e ar t o f human/computer i n t erfaces to h a ve quandftable results. We may discover that

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there is no xneen to the leaning curve, that it is a lifelong creative process to develop beyond the basic functions of cut, paste, copy, and enter. Perhaps we will discover that some languages ease the mastering of GUIs better than others. For instance, the pictorial characters of theJapanese canje may give an advantage over the Western alphabetical characters in leaxmng to use GUIs. Maybe GUIs employ different parts of our brain that have Lc;en inactive; that lefthanded users learn GUis faster than xighthanded users; or, that GUIs are still not interactive enough to make learning easy for One thing that we can be sure of, however is that the computer industry is deddedly moving in this dxreaion. It is still up to users whether they choose to join them, or if they will wait until the right interface (perhaps, not yet invented) comes

along.

Sources

Dickinson, J. Th e G r aphical Advantage: Tomorrow's Word Processors Today. In PC MagazineJuly 199D, vol. 9, no. 13. New York, NY: pp. 95-147. Hayes, F. and N. Saran. A Guide to GUls. In Byte, val. 14, no. 7, July 1989. Highstown, ho: McGraw Hill, Inc.: pp. 25D -257. Laurel, B. (Ed). The Art of Human-Computer Interlace Design. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., 1990. Marcus, A. and K. Mullet. Empowenng Peoplet Graphical Human-Computer Interface Design for Window Management Systems. Se a ttle, Washington: ACM/SIGCHI-90 -Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Seymour, J. The GUI: An Interface You Won' t Outgrow. In PC MagazineSeptember12, 1989, voL 8 no. 15. New York„NY: pp. 97-131. Temple, Barker Bt Sloane, Inc. The Benefits of the Graphical User Interface - A Report on New Primary Research. Lexington, Massachusetts. Spring 1990.

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58 THE COMPUIER PAPER NOV '91 4

Personal Workstations

SPARCallkes

If imitation is the sincerest form of Qattery, Sun Microsytems should be tickled pink However, for their sake, I hope they by %rli asa Basr don't end up in the red. could dramatically outpexform a personal When Sun developed its SPARC RISC ~easy Qll~ Pop goIIs Qyg+o p co mputer, for less money. c hip several years ago, i t m a d e t h e Over the past two y ears. Workstafions T he ~ co n d th' g th t happened ~ a specifications publicly available. The theoxy have slowly become c ommodity items. As n e w m a r ket o p e ned up t o b e t a k e n was that if tlils was done, SPARC clones competition between the vendors to provide advantage of. This was a group of people more pxice/performance became intense, somewhere between the Power PC grouP would start to develop a huge software prices drop~ T h i s had caused two etfecta and the workstation set. Today, that line has market much like the PC clones did for IBM. Sun hoped that by being able to stay First, it pu t p r essure on p ersonal b e come even more fuzzy. As a result, many computer manufiacturers to lower the pxices companies are now offering products to ahead of the donemakers on a technical basis, they could still remain profitable. of their highwnd equipment. For a while, a p peal to this power mche. The fi r s t S P AR C c l o ne s s t arted you could actually buy a workstation that appearing last year. By this time, Sun had

already abandoned the SPARC 1 as its prim:uy workstation and developed a faster version. It also introduced a low-end product. The dones, made by famiTiar names such as Tatung, DTK, and Fujitsu, were slow to catch on an d a l l o f f e red something dttferent. For example, M ar s M i c rosystems' Maxmer 4i is a SPARCalike based on the PC AT architecture, not the traditional SPARC VME or Sbus. Mars states that the unit is best for a transition between DOS systems and UNIX/RISC systems. TriGem manufactures the BriteLite, a SPARC laptop that runs UNIX, DOS and Macintosh software. While not the only portable SPARC, it is the most versatile. (This unit is sold in Canada by Epson Canada.— EcL) Tatung, Opus and Solarix all offer systems fiister than the SPARC 1 as well. series Too perforaance

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To keep their share of the low-end market, Sun has also introduced several systems to sell in the $5000 to $10,000 range. Even so, with all these clones and originals running at lg to 18 NIPS, one wonders about the pxice/pexformance value when a Mac II or a 486 can deliver similar pexfoxmance. Another problem is compatibility. The SPARC license is for the SPECIFICATION, not the IMPLIMIINTATION. The problem is that since the Memoxy Management Unit is not on the same chip as the CPU, each licensee's implementation will be different. This can cause problems. Of course, the solution to this is to either try out your software (maybe the developer has already done that) or find out if the particular clone is SPARC International Certified. The third problem is support. The clonemakers are treating the SPARCalike market hke the PC market aud that simply isn't the case. Third-party support, service contracts and technical support is scarce and the manufacturers are having a hard time finding dealers with sufficient UNIX experience. Hoping to make it by cutting price, some won't be able to keep technical support on such slim margins. As always, if the buyer wants to save a buck, they better beware. But, regardless of the turnout, having more companies selling SPARC technology will help keep the architecture the dominant one in the workstation industry for at least a few more years.

Power PCs or Personal Workstations

The second company to see a blurry distinction between highwnd PCs and lowend workstations was NeXT. Headed by SteveJobs ofApple Computer fiune, NeXT saw a need for something more than just a personal computer. The result was a sleek-looking and sleekperforming computer that provided great value, and still does. With a complete suit of multimedia and fine graphics capabilities integralto every system, two years after its mtroduction it still is the lowed package to beat. Without a doubt, novices and veterans alike claim that the NeXT has the easiest to

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV'91 59 s

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performance rating of SO MIPS, SGI offers the whole package for less than U8$10,000. Only having seen a bxief demonstration of its capaMities,it seems that a lot of SGI's big system hardware has found its way into the Indigo. It did graphics that a personal computer, no matter w'hat you buy for it, simply can' t do (nor a lot of workstations, for that matter). With built-in audio-video support, the Indigo becomes a serious contender for midwange multimedia production.

PANASONIC

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Sun, SGI and NeXT aren't the only ones in the cheap UNIX Beld, either. (See What' s New, this issue, for news on Commodore's Emphasis onGraphics Silicon Graphics, a company that has Amiga SOOOUX. Atari is also expected to developed a formidable reputation as a release a lowwost Unix machine in the s ophisticated gr a p h i c s com p u t e r coming months.— ErL) Expect to hear HP, IBM, DG and DEC all manufacturer, has also recently entered the personal workstation market. Traditionally, announcing low end, RISC4ased personal SGI has sold excellent and expensive, workstations very soon. Word on the net is that all of these TBA machines will be pxiced graphics intensive hardware. If fact, IBM licensed SGI technology for its RS/6000 between $4000 and $10,000. Earlier this In the highcnd 5-D year, I heard a vc.'ndor say that by the graphics summer of '92, you will be able to buy 50 market, SGI is the company to beat. It's newest product, the Indigo, is based MIPS for $3000. So, if you are thinhng about upgrading on the Mips RSOOOA RISC processor. Featuring 54) graphics, DAT quality audio to that 486, just wait a few months. Some and real-time video capabilxties with a really exciting deals are in the works. 0

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60 lltE COMPNN PAPER N OV '91 •

Comdex/Fa I I '91

keyboard all day. The desks, or Command Centers," are cornered so all components are close to the worker, and an office environment can be setup with desks against walls, or against each other. But here's the best part. The keyboard holder, which is padded, automatically adjusts 40 dmes durmg the day, so you use different muscle groups. The piinter racks

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Best 'Ainci At This Comclex Is Furniture

You read right — ftmnnire. Not just any furniture, of course. But a small company called Forminco, in Montreal, Canada, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, OCT 22 (NB)rolled out a line called the C o mmand Every year at Comdex I try to Snd something System which must really be feilt to be are designed to hold all your paper and really neat and niBy, aBen from a previously believed. It's modular, with the desk sitting forms, and there are little wheels in the back unknown Inn, samethmg I can reconunend inside a box measuring 2- by 18-.by 56- of the desk to hold all your wires. There is a wholeheartedly. Last year's discovery was the i nches, which you put t ogether. I t i s small round stand for the mouse, and the NewTek Video Toaster — this year, it' s adjustable to any user, and it is designed to chair...well, it feels better than that LaZ4oy furniture. (NewTek was at this year' s relieve both carpal tunnel syndrome or you use to watch TV. Comdex, too, showing a PC version of its other repetitive stress injuries, and the Inventor Edward Moore says he is just Video Toaster. Details next issue — Zd.) lower-back pain you get from sitting at a now looking for distributorL The system can 1

The expertssay companieslike yours will spend 240 billion on dient-sewer (omplltlnlo IInyho yeu shoell stnrt hy spenlinl n few minutes.

Ceme See feryeul Sel. SunSelutienSEXpO,November19-

It is not a fad, or a vision of the future. Client-server computing is real. It's the fastest growing form of business computing since the PC.And its rewards are tempting: Tremendous power for the doHar. Longer hardware lifecycles. Lower training costs. Less maintenance. Faster time-to-market. Better workgroup productivity.

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combines a PC's ease-of-use with the computing power of far larger systems. It lets people locate information on computers throughout the company — without having to know where to look, or how to get there. And it inspires workgroups to

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be bought in pieces, slowly, or yau can buy . yourself an entire Command Center for $2,400. If you work at a computer all day this should be given serious consideratian. Contact Edward Moore, Forminco Inc., 514-9382262; Fax, 514-93$-2265.

Cern@ex: WerdPerfect Fer

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In an atmosphere maxred by Mlure of the video equipment and an apparent lack of certainty on the part of company official, WardPerfect announced at Comdex that its long~ te d W ordPerfect wordprocessing saftvree for Windows will begin shipping on aber 11th. Ve a re c o n s iderably l a t e.' s a i d ~m an B ruce Bastion. The product is on exhibit at the company's booth at Comdex, but apparently due to a Mlure of the visual display equipment was not shown at the formal unveiling. WordPerfect President Alan Ashton said the company had hoped to be able to release the product update by the time Coindex opened, but did not makeit. WordPerfect for Windows files are compatible with Sles created under the DOS version, without conversion. Other file formats also convert on the fly into the Windows program. The program still does not offer an outliner or footnotes for columns. WardPerfect for Windows carries a list price of $595 in Canada. Current registered owners of DOS versions can trade up to the new product for US$99, and will receive a spedal soihvare hcense to run WordPerfect under either DOS or Windows on the same machine. All sales are through distributor channels, since the company no longer sells direct. A shton said t ha t t h e c o m pany i s resuming development of WordPerfect for OS/2 version 2.0d, now that the Windows version is nearly ready for release. The company says it expects to know by year~d when the OS/2 version will be ready. Company officials «iso announced that WordPerfect 2.1 for the M acintosh is nearing completion. One of the interestmg features of the Mac version is the ability to insen animated video dips in a document. The product should be released by the end of 1991, Ashton toll re porters. The Mac version takes advantage of the features of

Apple's System '7operating system. The company aho announced a change in its hcensing procedure, which, in effect, new states that if a buyer uses WordPerfect on a desktop computer and wants to use it on a laptop at home, that is legal. The determining criteria is that the program is not bemg used by mare than one person on one machine ata bme. Interesthigly, Pete Peterson, executive vice president, revealed that competitor Mcrosaft is a beta tester for WordPerfect for Windows. Microsoft announced Microsoft Word for Whidows R.O yesterd'ay in a wellrehearsed multimedia presentation at Comdex. (From what we' ve seen of Word for Windows 2.0, it's a killer; look for a

review in these pagessoon—Ed.) In related news,Word Perfect Publishing Corporation (WPPC) has announced that it will beghtpubhshing 'WonfPefccrfor 1%adooN

Nagsiao'in January of 1992. WPPC also publhhesWordPcrfort hfngmina WordPerfect operates a toli&ee phone (3054514151) for information about the

company's products. Contact: Llz Tanner, WardPerfect Corporation, 801-228-5004; FAX 801-228-5077.

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Look for more Comdex feyo~ n ext issue-Kd.

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV a91 61 •

•

International Business Machines

NeXT NeXT Inc.,900 Chesapeake Drive,Redwood City, CA USA 94063 Tel: (415) 3664900 Fax: (415) 780-3714

•

(Digital Equipment Corporation)

Digital Equipment of Canada Ltd., 100 Heiizberg Rd., P.O. Box 13000, Kenata, Ont. K2K 2A6 (613) 592-5111

IBM Canada Ltd., 105 Moatfieid Drive, North York, Ontario M38 3L9 Tel: (416) 474-2223

he world's largest computer manufacturer is offering a new range of UNIX products. In their new open systems strategy, AIX (IBM's UNIX) is available on personal computers, workstations, servers and mainframes. Using their proprietary POWER RISC architecture, the RS/6000 series spans a line of computers from desktop workstations to enterprise~de servers. Certain models can also be equipped with additional graphics subsystems. In addition to providing numerous business and commerdal applications for UNIX, IBM is targeting the automated design, data analysis/visualization, CASE and software development, medical imaging and Snancial analysis markets. IBM has been the centre of attention for the past few months after signing an agreement with Apple and Motorola to bring the power of RISC to every desktop in the '90s. 0

unded by Steve Jobs (cofounder of Apple), NeXT offers a small range of affordable personal workstations. Using what is, arguably, one of the most userfriendly implementations of UNIX, NeXl' offers two products affectionately known as 'The Slab" and 'The Cube." The Slab is a sbm desktop package that offers full function but physically limits expansion. The Cubeoffers a high degree of expansion for use as a server or more specialized apphcations. I n tegral color and multimedia capabiTities make the products ideal for business. NeXT serves a market of customers wanting something more than a "power PC". Its products are aimed at business professionals and other knowledge workers, creative professionals, software developers and the academic environment. NeXT has also licensed its provocative graphic user interface to IBM. 0

s the world's second-largest computer company, Digital supplies a range of computing equipment from personal computers to mainframe systems. DEC's RISGbased U NI X pl a tforms include workstations for the technical environment, servers for networked environments, and traditional commercial processing computers for tlmeshared applications. Employing the s ame p r ocessor family ensures that applications «re portable across all RISC systems. D EC workstations are well~ t e d f o r design automation (CAD/CAM), data acquisition and quantitative analysis, molecular modeling, image processmg, publishing, visual simulation and Snancial modeling. ULTRIX, Digital's implementation of UNIX, conforms to all standards and is the flrst available version of OSF/1. DEC uses Mips processors and is ACE compliant. 0

HewlettPackard Hewlett-Packard (Canada) Ltd., 6877 Goreway Drive, Mlsslssauga, Ont L4V 1MB TeL (416) 6789430

is one of the world's leading manufacturers of c o mputational a u d mea surement equipment. Recognized by competitors and industry analysts as making the highest quality components, HP provides a line of UNDE workstations based on both RISC and.CISC technology that are the fastest workstations currently available. HP provides a range of RISC computers ranging from desktop workstations for a network to traditional multiuser, timeshared UNIX systems. HP's primary markets include automated

design (CAD/CAM/CM), mapping and GIS, scientinc data visualization and anat)nEis, monitoring and data acquisition, CASE, modeHing/simulation and image processlllg.

Hewlett-Packard's CISC workstations are based on the Motorola 68000 family of processors and the PA-RISC is their proprietary computing chipset. 0

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62 THE COMPUTERPAPER

NOV '91 •

M ar D r iv e

•

are

Ways to speed up your hard drive and protect your data

a Guey Products: SpinRlte II by Gibson Research; $89, Norton Utilities by Symantec Corporation; $127. PC Tools Deluxe by Central Point Software; $129. NISRlOS 5.0 by Microsoft Corporation; $69. Sosn end Clean by McAfee Associates; shareware. o, you' ve got yourself a hard drive; now how do you take care of it? Well, if your computer is an MS-DOS or PC-DOS computer this article wiii give you some ideas.

Spinrite

Spinrite, by Gibson Technologies, is a very useful preventative maintenance program available for MS-DOS computers. This program has several functions. First of all it allows you to ref'resh the magnetic charge and lock out bad clusters. This is important to do on a regular basis as the magnetic particles which hold your data slowly lose their charge. By refreshing the magnetic charge, Spinrite will increase your hard drive's service life and reliability. While it is refreshing the charge, Spiniite will lock out any bad or faiTing sectors. It will attempt to salvage and move the data from these sectors into good ones. Spinrite will update the FAT (file allocation table) with the locations of these bad clusters so that DOS will not write your data onto these sectors. Spinrite will also test your hard drive and drive controller, as well as give the true accessspeeds and transfer rates for your hard drive. I do strongly recommend this program; it is well worth its price. Both Norton U ti lities version 5 or higher, and PC Tools version 7 also perform

similar functions. However I would only recommend Norton Utilities version 5 as both Norton UtiTities version 6 and PC Tools version 7 are reported to still have serious bugs in them. (Symantec reports that version 6.01 of Norton Utilities, sent See of charge to all registered version 6.0 owners, Sxes all known bugs —EcL)

one contiguous block; and secondly they optimize free space by moving it to the end of the disk. This can result in a significant performance gain in a previously heavily &agmented drive. The frit time you run one of these, it may take a while, especially on an XT, but if you run it regularly it will only take a few minutes. Personally I run my disk optimizer monthly. There are several points to Disk Optimizers Disk optimizers, also known as disk remember: first of all, any disk caching defragmenters or disk compressors, can software that did not come with your disk optimizer must be unloaded. Failure to do bring your hard drive's performance to nearly its optimum speed. To understand so may result in data lossl The second point why they can do this it is necessary to to remember is that disk optimizers come in understand how DOS stores iles. To make two basic varieties: safe and dangerous. The safe ones, such as those that come with the best use of disk space, an operating system may split a file into several fiagments Norton Utilities and PC Tools, update the FAT every time they move a duster so that if to fill the various empty clusters left by the power goes out, at worst you lose a previously deleted iles. For example, say you have five 20 KB cluster. The dangerous ones do not updat~ iles on your hard disk, and you delete the the FAT until they have moved all the second and fourth files. Then you would clusters, thus if the power went out it could have a 20 KB Sle, a 20 KB empty area, a 20 cost you all your datal Thus if you are using an optimizer that KB Sle, a 20 KB empty area, and finally a 20 KB Sle. Then you create a 40 KB Sle; the d oes not update the FAT until i t h a s operating system will spht it into two 20 KB finished, you should back up your hard sections in order to fill the two 20 KB empty drive before running the optimher. Better areas. The problem with this is when the yet, buy one of the safe ones. computer has to read this Sle, the hard drive's heads have to move twice instead of Disk Caches once, thus approximately doubling the Another way to speed up your hard drive access time. This file splitting is known as is by using a disk cache. A disk cache stores fragmentation; the more deletions and the most recently read data in memory, thus c reations that a r e d o n e , t h e m o r e when the computer needs to reaccess that the drive becomes. data it reads it from memory instead of the Disk optunizers do two things: first they hard drive. Since memory access times are defragment your iles so that each Sle is in in the order of 80 to 120 billionths of a

second, while hard drive accesstimes are in the order of 9 to 28 thousandths of a second, it can be seen that performance increases can be significant. The actual performance increases depend on several factors. The size of the cache is a key factor; generally the larger the cache the better the performance, with 256 KB being the minimum effective size. performance varies with the type of program you are running at the time. Disk4ntensive programs, such as databases and grammar checkers for example, will see the greatest pelfollnallce galils.

There are several points to note about disk caches. First of all, only run one disk cache program on your hard drive;if you run several different disk cache programs it could result in data loss. Second, a disk cache is only feasible if you have extended or expanded memory. Disk~ching software comes with Norton UtiTities and PC Tools, as well as with MS-DOS/PC-DOS versions 4.00 and up.

Crash Protection

There are several ways to protect or recover your data if your hard drive crashes. And of course Murphy's Inverse Law states that the better prepared you are for a given emergency, the less likely that emergency will occur. Even if it does occur, proper preparation will drastically reduce your down time. Second only toregular backups, which will be discussed later, a crash recovery disk is your most important crash recovery tool.

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 63 • •

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Cow xiwsxafPons Pop 62

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5) Disk Repair programs. This would consist backup. Again, Murphy's Inverse Law of at least two disk repair programs, applies: the more current your backup, the A crash recovery disk is a bootable disk which allow you to diagnose and repair less likely you will need it. DOS comes with a which contains all the programs necessary most damage that the drive has swered backup and restore program, and while it for repairing a crashed dislr„restoxing the from the crash. One of these programs does work, it i s slow and inefficient. partition table and FAT, restoring the drive should be CHKDSK, which comes with Certainly it is better that nothing, though I to bootable condition, and detecting and DOS. CHKDSK is used to dean up any recommend that you get agood backup destroying any viruses. The exact contents of lost clusters that may have resulted &om program. Many disk utilities, such as PC your aash recovery disk will vaxy with which the crasIL The next program should be a Tools, come with a good backup prograxn, brand of disk utilities you use. If you use MS. and there are also standalone backup comprehensive disk repair program. I DOS 5, yeu will Snd that it contains most of use the PC Tools DiskSx program. programs such as FASTBACK, the programs you need to put together a In any case, I recommend you test your 4) A Sle undelete program. This will allow crash recovery disk fms you you to undelete any Sle er Sles that you restore program to see if it works he Regardless of its speciSc contents, the or a virus may have deleted. I use the PC really need it. You can do this by creating a crash recovery disk should contain software Tools Undelete program. An undelete temporary directory, copying some Sles into that will perform the following functionL function (licensed, as a matter of fact, it, backing them up, deleting them, and f'rom the makers of PC Tools) is also restering them. Furthermore, you should With each Smctien I will give the name of the speciSc program, which are mostly from available in MOOS 5.0. always scan your hard drive for viruses the PC Tools disk utilities, that I use to 5) Virus sam and cleanup programs. These before backing it up. The last thing you perform it. I should add that other disk will allow you to check for viruses aker need is for your backup to be infectedl utilities, such as Norton Utilities, have There are several strategic:s one am take you have recovered Sum the disk crash. equivalent programL It is extremely important that you do in backing up your hard drive. The Srst one check, shxce it may have been a virus that is to regularly do a complete backup of the I) Partition Table information should be caused the crash, and the recovery drive. While at Srst glance it seems like the saved on your crash recovery disk. If the process will likely have also recovered the simplest approach, it is also the most timepartition table is lost, the computer will virus. The cleanup program is used to consuming approach. A Su better approach not be able recognize the hard drive. If destroy any virus found. I use SCAN and is one full backup, followed by daily you have saved this infoxmation on your CLEAN, which are shareware antivirus incremental backups. This insures that you recovery disk, yeu am easily restore the always have a current backup with the progfaxnL table in minutes, otherwise you would 6) The DOS QS command should also be minimum expenditure of time and energy. have to repartition and reformat the included. This will, if all else fails, hard drive then rc:store your backup, reinstall the DOS system Sles onto your Capacity Management which could take up to several hours. I hard drive. Capacity management deals with mahng use the PC Tooh Mirror program (on the the most «Sicient use of the space on your hard drive) to save the partition table, My crash recovery disk. takes 498 KB of hard dxive. While this is especially crucial if and the PC Tools Rebuild program (on Soppy disk space, so those of you with only a yeu have a small~pacity hard dxive, it is still the recovery disk) to restore it. 860 KB 5.25kach disk drive will have to split important for those who have 100+ MB 2) Directory, FAT, an d B o o t R e cord the contents between two disks. You should dxives. Capacity management, at its simplest informadon should be backed up to the also write-protect the crash recovery disk level, involves the deleting of obsolete and last cluster of the dxive. This is referred after yeu have created it. redundant Sles Srom your hard dxive. to as m i r r oring. T h i s a l l ows this A prime example of a redundant file is infoxmation to be restored in event of a Badcup Strate9les the .BAK Sles that many applications create. disk crash. Again, I use the PC Tools There are times when the hard dxive has After awhile, a signiScant amount of hard M irror p r o gram t o b a c k u p t h i s crashed so badly that the crash recovery disk dxive spacecan be taken up by these files. So information and the PC Tools Rebuild cannot restore the drive. Thus it is very evexy few months it is a good idea to spend program to restore it. important that you maintain a current some time, deleting these files. Other Sles

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that can be deleted are .OLD and .TMP Sles. You can also See up cpnte a bit of space by deleting redundant program Sies. Mest application programs as well as DOS contain programs and other Sles that you may never use. For example, MS WORD contains programs to modify or make custom print dxivers; I never foresee needing te do this, so I h a v e d e l eted t h o se, programs. Information as to which programs or Sles that you can safely delete, can often be found in the software package's manuals. (A further strategy is to use one ef several programs which allew you to store Sles on your hard drive in a compressed f orm. When yo u l oa d t h e 6 l e , i t i s automatically decompressed, oken yielding twice the eifective disk capacity. Some utles that can do this include Double Disk, Stacker, and DiskMax aka SuperStor, included with DR DOS 6.0 — EcL) Well, by now you should tuwe good ideas on how to take care ofyour hard drive. While it may seem like a lot of extra work and expense, the pexfexmance and peace of mind gained more than makes up for it. 0

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Overview

Hard disk backup is done using preset option Sles that contain your Sle selections. You can include or exclude Sles ofyour choice in your backups. You can create backup cycles by choosing from five available backup methods to get the most ef6cient backup cycle for your situation. A backup catalog is made $or each backup and a master catalog continuously integrates all the catalogues from a backup cyde (e.g., a full backup followed by incremental or differential backups) until the next full backup is done. You can restore Sles to any drive or directory by selecting them from the backup catalog. You can preset restoring options to restore only certain Sles. Norton Backup is simple to install, conSgure and do backups with. So one can feel safe in recommending this package to novices. Novices should have no trouble installing and configuring this program Kay Features — Windows edition: pre- correctly. Supervisors can administer configured setup files for Lotus 1-2-3, dBASE, backups using setup Sles and macros that Word, Excel, WordPerfect unattended backups; any user can carry out in two or three backup in the backgrouncf; backup up to floppy drives, network servers or any DOSdevice.

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Norton BackupforWlndovvs can backup up to floppy drives, network servers or any DOS device, and comes with pre f i g ured setup files for Lotus 1-2-3, dBASE, Word, Excel, WordPerfect.

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Overview

keystrokes. The documentation also helps Files to be backed up are chosen f'rom a you set up the best backup strategy for your directory tree/file display. You can save file situation. selection in setup files for future use. You Norton Backup specializes in bachng up can include or exclude files of your choice hard drives to diskette. If you are loohng for in your backups. Backups can be made to software to use with your tape drive, you will diskettes, most popular tape drives or any not find it in this p~ . Thi s would be a DOS device. You can create backup cycles by good addition as some tape software is choosing from f ive available backup frustrating to use. I probably would use methods to get the most efficient backup Norton Backup with my tape drive if it cycle for your situation. You can restore files supported tape drives. The Windows edifion to any drive or directory by selecting them allows you to backup to a tape drive only if it from the directory tree/file display of the can be configured as a DOS device. backup history. You can preset restoring Norton Backup for Windows has a few options to restore only certain files. more features and is a more complete Central Point Backup installs easily to backup program. Some. Windows feature:s your hard drive or network drive. Novices such as a backup acheduler and unattended can easily configure the program, and backups are missing in the DOS edition. selecting files to backup is easily done using The omission of an unattended backup t he d i r ectory-tree/6l e d i s play. T h e feature in the DOS edition may be a major documentation is helpful in developing the limitation to some. most efficient backup strategy for your If you are looking for an easy to use situafion. backup program that specializes in backing The install program allows you to install up to floppy diskettes, you should look at both the DOS version and the Windows Norton Backup. From installation to full version as if it was a single program. As well, backups,this program takes the pain out of the two programs are compatible in the hacking up. interface, setup files and file formats. Scheduled backups and unattended backups to a tape drive or another hard disk are available in both the DOS and Windows editions. If you install both the DOS and W indows editions a n d e n a bl e t h e schedulers, scheduled backups will run no irl -Oala matter what operating system (DOS or Windows) you are in. These features make Oaet • Iea Central Point Backup a good choice; if you want to back up from both DO S and Windows. It Oeeca .; ala tease Oeeea ' IO ylay a e t s C entral Point a dvertises that t h e program stores up to 7 MB per minute Norton Backup advertise:s 3.5 MB Central Point Backup Version 7 whereas ProducL Herd disk backup for DOS and Windows per minute. However, in testing, Central Publisher: Central Point Software Inc., 15220 Point Backup was only a few seconds faster N.W. Greenbrier Pkwy, Beaverton Oregon 97006 than Norton. (503)690-B090. If you are tired of the software that came System Requirements:IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2 or with your tape drive, you might consider 1009o compatible; DOS 3.0 or higher, 640K RAM; Hard disk; supports Microsoft mouse drivers Central Point Backup. It is a lot more version 6.14 or higher, Logitech/Dexxa mouse fiexible than most tape software programs. drivers version 3.4or higher, Central Point Backup Another consideration is that if you do not for Windows requires Microsoft Windows 3.0 or have atape drive,you can later add a tape higher, running in standard or enhanced mode, drive to your system and still uae Central end 2MB RAM. Point Backup instead of learning a new tape Prlc»:MSRP $159 Cdn. Of Interest To:Windows or DOS users in need of software program. Central Point Backup is an easy to use a full fryatured hard disk backup program. Key Features:Unattended backups stores up to fullieatured hard disk backup program that 7 MB per minute; multiple-drive backups; use has few limitations. 0 backup d i sks i n D O S a n d Wi n d o ws interchangeably; five diskette backup methods and SteveNdtiareln is 8 senior partner in ISR Software two tape backup methods; backup verification; Review Corporation, 8 company specializing in error correction data compression; recover data independent testing, evaluation and review of from damaged diskettes; virus detection; translates DOS-based products. For further information, Fastback Pfus and Norton Backup setup files; phone (604)53B451 7. supports most popular tape drives; network compatibility with Novell version 2.12 or higher end PC LAN networks; start backups or restores from DOS command line' backup in background (Windows only); select diferent user levels.

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SPEED! VGA Colour 486sx/20 MHz ~ 20MHz 486SX Personal Computer ~ 1MB RAM (Expandable) ~~ 1.2MB 5.25" Floppy Drive ~ 42MB Fast Access Hard Drive ~~ Parallel / Serial / Games Ports ~ VGA Colour Monitor ~ 1 Year Parts and Labour Warranty ONLY

<525 00

AMT Technology Corp. Tel: (604) 731-7880

Fax: (604) 731-7844

1459 W.Broadway (Granville & W.Broadway) Vancouver, B.C. V1 H 1HB

66 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91

MAKE M O N E Y mxTH roUR comnrma

Computer Viruses: what are the risks' ?

ELECTROMC BUY 8r. SELL As I Buyer.

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opposition'a computers. Impoiing a state of virus paranoia forces an enemy to waste time and resources on anti~ d e f ences.

f you own oruac a coniputcr you are at risk froin computer virus attacks. Your hard disk would be the target. A hard disk crash caused by a computer virus can be a complete catastrophe. Your hard disk can represent hundreds of hours of your work It can be vital to your job or b usiness. It niay contain data unrecovcrable from any othersource. A computer virus attack can destroy in seconds the work of years. Ignomtg the virus threat to your hard disk is like indulging in unsafe sex in the age of AIDS.

Western Canada's Virus Venue Western Canada does have aproblcin w ith computer viruses. There are an cabmatcd tcn to fifty virus hits in Vancouver a week. Most BBSca have an anti-virus T he R . A .V.E. ( R o c k A n t i V i r u s Experiment) board specializes in anti-virus. An excellent collection of PC antimrua software and information is backed up by an ant~rus message board.

What is a Computer Virus7

NTk 2Q-NO; 24N N81

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A computer virus ia a computer program written as a prank, joke or as malicious sabotage. They don't b elong in y our computer. Like biological viruses, many of them replicate themselves. They all are started and spread by humana. It doesn't require great genius to write virus programL Virusesare typically simple programs, though there are very ingenious ones. Creating a new virus requires as little efFort as slightly modifying an existing virus. This can make the new virus undetectable to detection packages. The damage done by viruses is Iimi*tcd only by thc warped imagination of their creators. They damage data by erasing it, losing it, hiding it, bloating it, or even encoding it. An example: one virus is WordPcrfcct specific. As text filca are processed the virus «ncodca and decodesthem; once many filca have been encoded the virus destroys itself, taking the kcy to the code with it. The files left are garbage, as are the back-upa, and all the word processing work is lost.

Windows for Disaster

T he w i d e spread a c c eptance o f Microsoft'a Windows $.0 opens windows of opportuiiity for new viruses. The uiore complex operating system hasmore of the hidden nooks and crannies viruses uac for carnouQagc and conccaimcnt. The GUI interface distances users from the actual actions of the computer: more ancakiing akullduggcry is possible. I came across a rumor of a Windowsapcdfic virus on a BBS. Called BART.EXE it p romises to produce a picture of T V character Bart Simpson. Instead, it is a Trojan horse virus that attacks the harl disk This ia the crudest, simplest type of virus. The progress of technical advance assures more sophisticated Windowacpccific vhuaca wfii appear.

Word lsrocessing Text File 7hejans

Pure text filcs, like READ.ME files or filcs full of numbers, can contain Trojan horse viruses. U s ing A S CII c o n t r o l Computer Virus Histo characters, text viruses rcprogratu your The idea of viruses is almost aa old aa ASCIIdriverprogram. Thc reprogranuncd computers themselves. The first working ASCII d r iver chen sends destructive virus recorded waa an experiment in commands to the rest of your system. November 1988. Sincethen hundreds of Text trojana characteristically contain new viruses have appeared. Morc than six ASCII control characters where there should hundred viruses and variants are known, be nome. Attacks of these evil programs there are sure to bc morc tmknown. iuually start with keyboard lockup, Lock-up Computer viruses may have been used as ia followed by other suspicious activity. If this weapons of war. Many of them come from happens, follow instructions on "When a thc Middle East. They may have been Virus Strikes." (Sec page 72 —Ed.) Shut off written by one side or another to attack the the computer hnmcdiatcly.

Confintaed on Page67

International

Ltd.

• • c • • • • c• • • • • • • • • • • • • c • • • • • • c• • • • • • • • c • • • • c• • • • • • •

Ãovember Specials

•

i I

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t~, 4

Ilodulux Low Radiation Monitore 1024x768 Super VGA4415

386-DX33 MHx Syst

• 2MB RAM (70na exp. to 32MB Syat I ) • 64K Cache • 1.2 or 1.44 Floppy Drive • Quantum 52MB Hard Drive (17ma) • IDE FolHD Controller $:1 e 2 Serial, Parallel, Game Parts e Enhanced 101 Keyboard • OAK 16 BIt 256K VGA Adapter • Fujikama 720x480 VGA Monitor • Tower Door /200 Watt CGA P.S.

• I

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November Speciale on Motherheards 286-16 (exp. 104MB) .............$105 386-SX16 (exp. to 8MB) .........$199

3 8 6 -DX25 (exp. to 64MB) .......$380 3 8 6-DX33 (exp. to 32MB) .......$485

3864X16(exp.t032MB) .......$215 486-SX20(exp. t0 32MB) .......$775 386-SX20(exp.to 32MB) .......$270 486-DX33 (exp.to 32MB) .....$1050

$1489:"..""

eto 1024x788 Monitor with GAM BCard $$30 ada to 1Q24x7N (low radlagan)monitor whh1MBmemory $180

VISIT OllR SHOWROOM erith CO fully funetlonal Computer Systems from the RSS-1R te the 4&$-DX3$!

• Fu|ikama systems are CSA certifie4.• All Fujikama systems come with 2 year warranty on parts and labour (for your peace of mind) • Call for different configurations.

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604

ClosedMonday TIIur5-Fri 10:30-7Pm Sat-Sun jl am-6 pm

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 67 Coasts'tittedPatw Page66

THEY' RE TALKING ABOUT US AGAIN

Isl'oteCtiOn The effort you put into anti~ s e c uiity objective, getting the software sealed direct should depend on your level of dsk If you from the manufacturer is valuable. But use a computer i solated from o t h er without updates commercial anti-virus machines, a hard disk loaded with shrink- software loses its edge as new viruses wrapped softwareonly,if you never transfer emerge. And, of course, it's usually more files electronically, and you never, never, use expensive. I don't have room to r ate al l t h e anything but new, virgin diskettes, then you are as safe as you can get. packages. Robert Slade has a good set of At the other extreme: if you are involved reviews on the Doppler BBS. The August in a large organization where diskettes are issue of Bytemagazine has a comparison c onstantly s wapped b e t ween m a n y review ofpopular packages. The October computers, where files are transferred to issue of PC Magazinehas a comprehensive and f'rom hard disks, and different people review of commerdal packages. switch between different machines, then you I' ll rate three packages: Disinfectant for are at very high risk. Schools and large the Madntosh, F-Prot versions 1.16 and 2.00 government officesare like this. If diskettes for the PC, and Central Point Anti Virus in a are goingback and forth from your personal separate product review. computer and a school or office like this you For the Macintosh: John Norstad's are at risk Disinfectant is a free shareware package There's a deflnite nuisance factor to available on m a n y B BSes, including virus protection. Many anti-viral measures Doppler, Rave, CompuServe and Appletalk are undoubtably effective. But they take up Frequently updated, i t f e a tures easy time, effort and resources. Like flossing operation by standard Mac pull»down menus after every meal or doing two hundred and buttons.Byte'sreview rated it as effective pushups a day, there's no doubt it would be for the Mac as.McAfee's ViruScan products good for you. There'salso no doubt few are for the PC. humans are going to do it. For the PC: one of the best is one of the V irus protection i s a p r o b lem o f cheapest. Fridrik Skulason's F-Prot is the probabilities. Nothing can make you and scrappy new kid on the block among antiy our disks 100% secure. But each anti~ s virus packages. Use of F-Prot is free for measure you adopt cuts down your risk See individual users and $1US per year per my list of Do's and Don'ts and decide how c omputer for o r ganizations ($20 U S much effort you want to expend. minimum). Along with its rock-bottom Many different packages, both shareware price, it has a remarkable habit of finding and commercial shrink-wrapped, protect viruses other packages miss. against computer viruses. Really thorough F-Prot 1.16 is a diamond in the rough. It protectionrequires more than one package. provides a full spectrum of anti-virus Different packages use different strategies, protection strategies. Installation is not covering each other's weaknesses. Many new automatic but installation instructions are viruses are designed to dodge detection — a dear enough. Functions are partitioned into virus missed by one package might be s eparate programs run f r o m a D O S detected by another. command line. Not all packages are fully compatible F-Prot 2.00 is a polished diamond. It with each other. Protecting you from does the right things in the right order. It viruses, anti~ pa c kages often operate on first searches Random Access Memory virus-like levels. Packages can sense each (RAM) for memoiy-resident viruses. It offers other and set off each other's alarms, the option of installing a memorywesident freezing your system. watchdog program. Then it scans files on Shareware and shrink-wrapped packages the target disk for virus signatures. Once it both have relative pros and cons. Fear of has scanned the hard disk you can order it contracting viruses from electronic file to aut~ s talL transfers drove the shareware world to The experts agree that F-Prot delivers develop virus defenses. From this world the best bang for the buck of any PC anticome the most established and reputable viral package. For the PC user interested in packages. Electronic updates keep them setting up an anti-viral security system: start current as new viruses continuouily emerge. with F-Prot, then experiment with adding Shrink-wrapped commercial software is other packages. Here "try before you buy" arguably more secure. When security is the shareware has a distinct advantage. 0

Vancouver's Virus Villains ere is short list of the most common PC computer vhuses in Vancouver and Western Canada. These four account for at least 90% of the PC virus infections in the region. Learn to recognize these and you will be equipped to deal with most attacks.

Stoned virus

Piny-pong virus

Boot sector virus —very common Aliaaeat Sex Revolution, Marijuana, Hawaii, etc. Sizes 512 bytes. Method of infecfioni The Stoned virus stores itself on a disk's original boot sector track, moving the original boot sector track to another area Symptomat When the virus attacks, your screen displays the message "Your computer is stoned" or "legalize marijuana." Your computer slows down by about one third. It's easy for a hacker to modify the message so different messages may be displayed. Damage: Directory and file allocation table

Boot sector virus — common Aliaaeai Bouncing Ball Boot, Bouncing Dot, Italian virus.-Size: 1,024 bytes. Method of infeetloni Pinginginstalls memory-resident when an infected disk boots, hiding in upper RAM above the 640K barrier. Symptoms: Before an attack, BIOS will report that upper RAM is reduced by 2K When the virus attacks, a bouncing ball displays on your screen.

(FAT) damage.

Boot Sector Virus Common Aliaaeai Pakistani, Pakistani Brain. Sizes 5,0'y2 bytes. Method of Infec5ont installs memoryCeetttssted ats pttge 72

Notaai Stoned is easy to modify, so has many variants. The f i rst version was obviously a prank, some modified versions are Isr more destructive.

Damagei Upper RAM reduced by 2K and 1K of bad sectors on infected disks.

Brain Virus

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1110 o' ANT Technology Corp. Tel: (604) 731-7880 Fax: (604) 731-7844 1459 W.Broadway (Granvle 8 W.Broadway) Vancouver, B.C. V1H 1H6

68' THE COMPUTER PAPER

NOV '91

Formerly known as:

C OMMUN I

KICKS COMPUTERSYSTEMS INC

CA T I ON S

'ItssS 2satfstnt th SemeQ

/l/

SMART 80386DX-40 Cache System

SMART 80486DX-33 Cache System

- AMD 80386DX-40 CPU, AMI Bios - 64 KB external cache memory, 128 KB optional

- Intel 80486DX-33 CPU, AMI Bios - 8 KB internal cache memtmy

- 4 MB RAM (70 ns) expandable to 32 MB

-64 KB external cache memory, 256 KB optional - 4 MB RAM (70 ns) expandable to 32 MB - 1.2 MB or L44 MB Soppy drive - Western Digital 84 MB (17 ms) VC IDE hatd drive w/64K cache

- 1.2 MB or 1.44 MB floppy drive - Western Digital &4 MB (17 ms) VC IDE hard drive w/64K cache - 16-bit 1:1 IDE host adapter for 2 FD/2 HD - 2 serial, 1 parallel, 1 gaties ports - Trident 8900 SVGA adapter 1 MB - Desktop or 13" Tower case w/200W CSA approved power supply - LED Display of CPU speed

- 16-bit 1:1 IDE host adapter for 2 FD/2 HD

- 2 serial, 1 parallel, 1 gamesports - Trident 8900 SVGA adapter 1 MB

-Desktopor 13"Tower case w/200W CSA approved power supply - LED Display of CPU speed - Darius 1024 SVGA monitor (1024x768, .28 mm dp) - Focus 2001 101-keys enhancedtactile keybo

- Darius 1024 SVGA monitor (1024x768, .28 mm dp) - Focus 2001 101-keys enlutnced tactile keybo Please seenext 2 pages for

1799

2299

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with 256K cache

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Please contact us regarding y changes or substitutions for the above systems.

Monitor Gallery

Postscript Printer-Mania

Legend-? 1436 Non-interlaced SVGA Monitor

NEC SILENT WRITER II Model-90

- 14-inch Ultra VGA analog Display - 1024x768 maximum resolution, .28 mm dot pitch - non-interlaced at 1024x768 - 2 year warranty Trident 8900 SVGA adapter 1MS - Windows Lotus, 4 AutoCad Drivers $109.00 - supports non-interlaced mode

- 6 PPM postscript and HP IIP compatible - 2 MB RAM; optional 2 MB RAM upgrade - 35 resident Adobe Fonts - 250 sheetspaper tray w/ Manual Feed

- Compatible w/ IBM and MacIntosh Computers -Industr y Standard Interfaces: Parallel, RS232, RS422, Appletalk

- Single cartridge consumable - 1 year warranty

IDEE Iiyama M5117 17" SVGA Monitor - 17" Platscreert SVGA analog Display - 1024x768 maximum resolution, .28 mm dot pitch - non-interlaced at 1024x768 PC Nagarine Editor's Choice $1295.00

1945

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All above paces are for cash and cany orders only. Please add 2% far Visa and MC payments. Gnporate or Gov't P.O.'s ate wet me O.A.C Paces may change without notice; please call far the latest pricing.

$145.00

0 &4SN Klngsway Burnaby, IC VSH )ZS

Tel: 4384088 Fax 438-7088

' -

1 2 8 7 Nest Broadway ."- ' Vancouver, BC VSH 1G7

Tel:?384886 Fax: 738-2881

KICKS COMPNER SYQEMS INC Non&:000strvl~ Sot:10wn4ftttt Suttdoya holidayCLOSED

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amy Ic N l l l ci Tel: SS2M1S .; .,-

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T - S s f , yg04~

THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91 69

Formerly known as:

C OMM U

KICKS COMPUTERSYSTEMS INC

- True Intel 386DX43 CPU,AMI Bios -64KB Cachememory, 128KBoptional -1MB memory, exp.to32MB on-board - Teac1.2MB or1.44MBIhppy drive

I486DX-33 Cache System

80386SX-1 6/20l25 System - Intel 80386SX-16/20 CPU or AMD 386SX-25 CPU -1 MB RAM memory

16 INHz 8485 - Intel 80486DX-33 CPU, AMI Bios 20 MHz 8535 - Built-in math coprocessor 8 1330 25 MHz 8580 - 8K internal cache - 64Kcache;256K optional w l256K cache

wl 4MB memory add 8165.00

80386OX-33 Cache System

Smart l486SX-20 Cache System 81699.00

-1MB memory,expandable h 32MBon-board w l 4 MB memory - Teac1.2MBor1.44MBSoppydrive add 8 185

- WesternDigital84 MB(15ms) IDEharddrive

w/64Kcache -1 serial, 1 parallel,1 gameports - Trident 8900SVGAadapter1MB add 61N - Desldcp or13'Tower case wl LEDDisplay - 2NW CSAApprovedpower s~ - DariusHRV1024 SVGAmonitor 1024x768,.28mmdp - 101-keysTacSleenhancedkeyboard

Pleaserefer to preceding page on 3$6DX-40 and 4$Q)X-39 Specials.

KICKS

adds60only

-1 MB RAM exp. to32 MB

80386DX-25 System - Intel 80386DX-25 CPU; AMI Bios -1MB RAM exp.toSMB 8 6?0

- Western Digital 84MB(17ms) V.C. IDEtusd drive

- 8 KB internal cachememory

ADD A HARD DRIVE, HD/FD CONTROLLER, GRAPHICS CARD 4 MONITOR TO COMPLETE SYSTEM

81,649.00

-1 serial.1 parallel,1 game ports - Trident 8900SVGAadapter 1MB - Deskhpcr 13'Tower casewl LED Display -200W CSA Approved powersupply - Darius HRV1024SVGAmonitor 1024x768,.28mmdp. - 1014eysTacble enhanced keyboard

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Sl u eQ ///

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N I CAT I 0 N S

5er 8 ~ a

FEATURE SYSTEMS 61,359.N - True Intel 80386DX-25CPU, AMIBios -1MB memory, exp. to 8MBcn.board - Teac 1.2MBor1.44MB Soppyhive wl 4MBmemory - Quanhm 52 MB (17ms) V.C. IDE htsd drive a d d 8165.N -1 serial,1 parallel,1 game ports - Trident 90N SVGAcard w/512K - Deskhp or 13" Towercasew/LED tSsplay -200W CSA Approved powersupply -Dari usHRV1024SVGA monilor1024x768,.28mm dp. - 1014eys Taclle enhanced keyboard

.C,

- Intel 80386DX43 CPU, AMI Bios 8 820 - 64K cache; 128K optional w/ AI I & 4 0 -1 MB RAM exp.to 32 MB add 820 only

I486SX-20 System - Intel 80486SX-20 CPU, AMI Bios 8 870 wl 64K cache -1 MB RAM exp. to 32 MB add 8100

- 8K internal cache

All Bare -bone Systems include the following configurations: 1 MB RAM (80 ns or faster) 535" 12 MB or 3.5" 1.44 MB floppy drive 1 serial, 1 parallel, 1 game ports Desktop or 13" Tower case w/ LED Display 200 W CSA approved power supply 101-keysenhanced tactil e keyboard

All systems come with a full two year

no non-sense parts and labour

l486DX-25 Cache System

depot service warranty.

- Intel 80486DX-25 CPU, AMI Bios - Built-in math coprocessor

(two year labour I oneyear parts warranty for 888SX systems.)

- BK internalcache

- 64K cache; 256K optional -1MB RAM exp.to32 MB

8 128 0

Prices may change without notice. Please call for the latest pricing.

Intel 387-33 Math Co-proccessor Cyrlx 38743 Math Co-processor Sound Blaster Sound Blaster Professional Cardinal 9600 Send/Receive Internal Fax Modemwl BltFax C ardinal 9600 S/R Internal Fax Modem wl WlnFax Pro WlnFax Pro Software

Logltech Trackman (serial version,1 only) Logltech Serial Mouse Man wl Windows 3.0 Legend HI-res Serial Mouse 400dpl Norton Utilities v6.0

$269.00 $249.00 $149.00

$259.00 $139.00 $ 209 . 0 0 $85.00 $99.00 $129.00 $25.00 $119.00 $749.00

Selko 1450 non-Interlaced monitor (demo, 2 only) plus many more, please see next page for more amazing deals ( PVhile quantity last )

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1237 West Broadway Vancouver, BC

Fax: 438-7088

Tel: 7384886 Fax: 738-2881

V5H 1ZS Tel: 4384088

V6H1G7

KICKS COMPUTER SYSTEMS INC ~ r l : g ~ mdpm Sat:10am4pmSunday8 holldayCLOSEO

2260 Gulldford Tawn Centre

Surrey, B.C, V3R7C1 Tal. 5'82~18

Fax:5$2 ~

Mon, Tuee,Sat.: 9:304:30 Wed-Frl.: 9:3M:00 Sun.: 1 2 :00-5:00

CineSveleNeeks A Subsidiary of KICKSColttputar Systems Inc.

70 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91

Monitors

Miscellaneous

12' TTL Ambermwlbr 14' TTL WNb» Ambermanibr Gobi Star 14' Grayscale VGA monitor 800x600 Samsung M' Grayscale VGAmonibr 640x480 Darius 14' VGAmanlbr 6ilx4N,A2 dp Darius HRV-1024 SVGA monitor 1024x7N, .28 dp Legend-2 14' Trina VGA manlbr 1024xyN,& dp Legend-2 14' non-Int. VGA monitor 10R4x768,.2S dp. VlowSonic 8 non.hl VGA manitor 1024x768,.2$ dp 70Hx Sony1304Muascan monlbr wl cabl• IDEK M5117 1T nan-ht SVGA manibr 1024x7N, 28 mm dp PC Rde$rehe Bd/arr'r Cfroffer

IDEK M52171T nanhrt manhu IORlx7$IL.3$ mmdp, 7Nh IDEK M522IRt'ruat manlbr tNtx7$IL Bt emdp70th

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Video Graphics Adaptors

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ManachnmoGmphbs card TddsntSO OOSVGAehpbr 256Ksxp.b 512K TAhnt SON SVGAadspbrOfRK TrldsntNOOSVGAadaplsr 512 Kexp. b tMS TeenyLabe4ONSV GAelspt»1MS(tNfx712LRggcahum) OEMVGAVhnd» Rusadapter512K rap.b1MS ATI VGAW andarXLehphr S12Kexp. b1$IB wlBusMouse ATI Graphhs Ulra Pi» VGAmhptsr51RKVRIM ap. b1MB ATI Graphhs Ukra Ptas VGAadapter I MS VRAMwl Mouse NNml Vakmh AT1000GrsphhsAdapbr wl 1MBVRIM

AT Magi$0 cant(1S, 1P, 1G) AT Mull $0 ced (RS,1P, 1G) Semd SiaAr ScendBbwt«Rolssshnal GravlsJayslck Y~e hr gamepart SNpphgBau

Zoom(OEM)SINbps htsmalmadanw/Pmcamm Canhsl RIN bard htsmalmodemwl Rashhk Canhsl 2400baudsxtamalmelan wl Cahh Canhal SNO SsndhudsveInt ~ wl F hshhk ATINNbp oxtsrrudm ads VIRBburlceo US RabalcsHST14.4tntsmalmodsmwl VARbh US RabalrwHST1IA adsnxdmodemwl VA2bls udcsbh

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Legend Sbutkmselalmauso(INdp(t

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Keyboard

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KPT EnhancedKsybaed Dahcom OFK-191EnhancedKsybaanl Faa» ROOI ~ K e yboard Focus RON Plus Enhanced Keyboard Facus 3001EnhancedKeybawd Re» 5Nt EnhancedKsyboad Fu)ltsu 4700ladle EnhancedKsybaed NarlhgatoOmniksy101 NarlryateOmnywyPlus Natlhgats Omnlkoy162 NargrysteOmnley tyke

$75.00 $75.00 $280.N $245.N $349.N $415.00 $IN.N $71$.00

HD/FD Controller

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Computer Cases

164t IOE HDlFDconkoy» 16$$ IDEHOlFDcblwl 2s»,1 p«,1 gameporb Inhligsnt IOEHDIFDembal» Alclka hruadrasdgyuwc/asraoy»Rsaso C4.

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Tape Drives Colorado OJ10, 80/120MBcapa city wl OC2120 tape Cahndo OJRO , 12125OMB ~ wl DCRIRO tape Cahreh AS-10tape adapbr(22MBhih) Cahrado iC-10 tspo hr OJR O adspbr (I AMBhnh) cable far connocSngColorado tape 5/U hr 2-Sappy system CahmdaExtenal Igt hr Jumtm1205 RN al DCRON Tape ~o SM OCRI20TapeCarMdgo

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(6' printer cable Included and toner) Epson EPL7000 Lasor wl65-inde font artridge HewfeSPackanfDeekJet500, 512K, 8 PPM,800dpl' Hewle8 Packanf LaoerJet IIIP Laser wl scalabiefonte Hewlett Packard LaserJet BILaser wl ecalable fonts NEC Btlont Writer B Model 90 Past Script 6PPM Pacgb Data 4 Menory forHPLJBP/IIIPNIIIIID wl 1 MB Pacgb Dat»4 Memoryfor HP LJIIPlSIPlgl/BID w/2MB PacNc Dubs PacgbPage Postsclpt emutalon aartrkfge Pacgh Page XLFast Poetscrtrt emuL carbtdgewl 2 MB CNdata OL400 Laser wlS12K,4 PPM Raven LP400 SPPNI, HPBarbs II compatible, parallel Raven LP-1100 11 PPM, HP eerlee II compalble, paagel Raven LP-1170PB 11PPNLPostscript, HPeerieeCompagble

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Software

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Laser Printers $10.00 $12.50 $25.00 SN.N $65.00

Modems

$20.80 SN.$0 $79.N 6 SLN $ 14I.N $155.N $2%.N $518.N $725.N $875.N

alxonGSX14526phwMecanbgoprht» CN»mGSX145cabw Nb Ft(ksu DLt tN24ph prhtsr FapsuDL1tN $6ph pht»ad cohr Mt FsptsuDU1Ncaks'Nl RolandRavengtOI 9plnprhku RahndRwsn2416 St~ prht« RolandRarm 2418Sbph prht» Railed Raven 2465goph widecsrrbgo pdnt»

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ACCPACSelford IntorgratedAccounlng (GST) 3A ACCPACBsdhnl fa' Wlndas» AdobeTypoManag» h Whdas» AldusPagsmak» 4.0 Ihlsad Cs+farWhdaws3.0 BmlsndTiubaCs+ 2ndEd. C»sl Dmw2.0 dgaso IV1.1 Ehckanh TemphisSysten Gsneh CADD 5 HananlGrapkbs3,0 br Nndows tabs 128 V2,3 tabs 123 N.1 Phs Iahs 1RB hr Windows MhasoltOOSv5.0 Mhoro2 Entsrhhmeit Packfar Nndarm Mhrosoft Ofgco IntegratedSoftware far Nndaws 1.6 Mhasa2 ~ Pac k hr Whdas» MhmsoltNndauaVeslan3.0 Mhasa2 Wed5.5 MhasagWordhr Nrxkwm Mhasa2Warh 2,0 MhasagWad»far Wlndaws MhusogExcel3.0 HarumAnl Vh» 1.5 Narbn Back up Narbn UIMosV6.0 PC.ToshOshxoVeslan 7.0 Quart«dockOsepkrw886 QueledsckQRMM886 v. 5.1 NnFax Pro v2.0 WardPorhxaVeslan 5.1

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THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91 71

SO S of Computer Virus Protection

DOIII T S of Computer Virus Protection

DO write protect ail original commercial source. and shsreware program diskettes, espeCommercial shrink-wrapped packages cially system diskc:ttes, DOS or other. If or shareware direct I'rem the author are ' you haven't done this yet, do it now. safest. Shareware from mailwrder housOn 5.2~ c h d i skettes, use the little es or downlaaded from major BBSes black ar silver stickers that come with a practising anti-viral security come secpackage of diskettes to cover up the litond. Least safe is getting software en a tle notch on t h e s ide. O n 8 .5cnch disk fram someone else, er fram a BBS diskettes, epen the little sliding window not practising anti-viral measures. in the corner. DO acquire at least one anti-vixus package. If you do get a vhus infection you will Nothing you do, short of never turning need the original program diskettes to on your computer, can totally protect restore lost information and contamiyou. But using even one package will nated i l es. Write p rotecting them drastically reduce your risk leveL When ensures they will remain free of conyou first get your package, run it from a tamination. wxite-protected diskette to scan your If your hard drive is contaminated, yeu computer's RAM and hard drive for will need to boot the system the oldinfection. Then use it te scan ail your fashioned way. by booting from a DOS floppy diskettes. or other operating system diskette in DO use your anti-virus package to scan new drive A:. Write protecting the operating diskettes and fiies for virusc.s. system diskette ensures this boot is posNo matter what the source, scan new sible. Youwill protect the diskette from material coming into your system. This contamination when it is insc.'rted into includes programs used by service peothe contaminated system. ple, pre4ormatted new diskettes, blank DO make frequent and complete backups of used diskettes, and so on. your hard drive. DO quarantine new software. In case of a virus .attack some of the Download files f'rom BBSes ontoSoppy damage todata on your hard drive may diskettes. If a Sie is compressed, keep it be irretrievable. Only with a recent on the same diskette as you uncombackup can the directory structure and press it. Your hard disk is the likely tarall the data be restored. get of a virus. If a Sle contains a virus You might be backing up an unsuspected then quarantining it to a diskette may virus at the same time. Afier an attack keep it f'rom getting to the hard disk you will have a better idea where the Run new commercial and shareware virus is in the data structure. You could programs for the first time from Soppy delete infected files right after restoring diskettes. Unless a program is a hard from a backup, before running any disk utihty, running it fram diskettes other programs. should leave the hard disk inactive. DO acquire software f'rom a r e putable Sound and lights from the hard drive

DON'T swap diskettes carelessly between computers. Boot sector viruses are the most common sort of virus. They are spread f'rom computer to computer by the transfer of infected diskettes. DON'T use illegal copies of operating systccm flles. It may be tempting to upgrade to DOS 5.9 for nothing. But these files, COMMAND.COM and so on, are the targets of most file virus infections. Using nonwecure copies leaves all your system resting on an unsafe foundation. I f y o u must steal software, steal something ebe. DON'T participate in a bootleg software market. Attaching a virus to a d esirable commercial product then drculating copies is a favorite ploy for the rats who spread viruses. DON'T leave diskettes sitting in disk drives if they aren't being used. The best barrier against virus infection is the physical separation of disks. When a computer virus can leap through the six inches of empty space between my hard disk and my diskette case, I' ll surrender to it. And start a n e w r eligion

DONT keep much in the root directory of your hard disk. This directoxy is the target of many viruses because it contains the main system iles. Putting a let of other files in the roat directory makes it fertile soil for virus growth. In particular, don't put new software in the root directory. You might put a new virus right beside its target files, DON'T trust hard disks loaded with software straight from the computer store. Scan thexn. Computer stores are vulnerable to virus infections, too. Often they load up hard disks from copies of original diskettes. There have been cases of stares unknewingy including viruses with every package deal they selL DON'T trust packages with named system iles, such as AUTOEXEC.BAT, in them. In the '80s this was considered a convenient way to organize packages. Unfortunately, it is also a strategy for spreading viruses. It has been abandoned by software developers. DON'T take it for granted that new comaralllld it. mercial software is vixuakree. Scan DON'T boot &om a floppy drive if your sysit. tem has a hard dxive. There has been more than ene case The one exception to this rule is of new comxnercial software being when you need te boot I'rem a infected. In fact, contrary to popular opinion, it may be more likely to writ~ o t ected original system boot diskette to recover &am a virus infection or hard disk crash.

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72 THE COMPUTERPAPER

NGV '91

When a Virus Strikes

S Cont i ntred Porn Page 71

Responding to s computer virus sttsck

As soon as you reahze a computer virus is attacking your computer. 1) Turn the power off immediatelyl Rehooting without switchmg the power off is not enough to kill viruses in memoxy. 2) Boot the system using a write-protected copy of your system diskette. This should leave the hard disk inactive.

wi11 warn you of virus activity, particularly Trojan horse attacks. DO prepare an emergency response diskette 3) Use an anti-viral program to scan and kit. disinfect the hard disk. If you don't have a These are the diskettes to use if a virus program handy,get one before you turn the attacks or is discovered. You would put computer on. them into a computer you know is 4) once you have restored the hard disk infected: you don't want to use the using backup fi les, systematically work oxiginals. Label them dearly. Put them through your Soppy disks, scanning and disin one box. Label the box dearly. Put infecting them. the box in a safe phce where you can Snd it in a hurry. Indude writeyrotected copies of the

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diskettes for: I) Your system programDOS diskette Sl or other; 2) Your antiviral package; 5) Your hard disk backup package; 4) Any disk utxTity packages you use; 5) Any other package you can foresee helping you recover Qom a disk crash. DO hang on to this copy of 73ie Gssss pssrer PaPer. My anide is meant to be used for f'uture reference. Review these rules periodically. Pick up another copy, it' s free, and keep it with your emexgency response diskette kit. 0

DON'Tsc

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catch a virus from commerdai soft-

ware than share ware. Shareware vendors and BBSes practise active anti-virus security. Commercial vendors smugly assume they are immtme. DON'T ignore warning signs. Slowed computer p e rformance, Increased file sizes, changed file dates and times, disappearing files, garbled output, hangs, crashes, unusual hghts and noises, a blurred or static41lled screen —all are signs of possible virus infection. DON'T be too paranoid. Viruses do exist, but more data has been lost by spilled cups of coffee than will ever be lost to virus attacks. FoQowing these instructions will lower your risk drastically. 0

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resident when an infected disk boots. Symptoma Extended boot time, message in disk boot sector: "to all the viruses that are no longer with us." Disk voluxne label may change to "(c) Brain." Notens Brain, originating in Lahore, Pakistan in 1986, was the first boot sector virus discovered. It is very damaging when it attacks. One variant, the Clone-B Virus, is a thne bomb. It is set to go off after Tuesday, May 5, 1992, scrambling infected disks' File Allocation Table (FAT) and rendering them useless.

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File Virus — Exists in Vancouver. Alhssea: Casper, U2Pl Sizes 1,260 Method of infection: Infects .COM files, including COMMAND.COM, increasing their size by 1,260 bytes. Very virulent as it spreads through a disk's files, it practises randomized s e lf-eneryptation: every infection looks different. This strategy avoids detection by string checker scans. It refrains from infecting files twice by labeling infected files. Changing the seconds label in the time field to Sl, it assumes files with that label have been infected. Symptoma .COM files increase in size by 1,260 bytes. A crowded disk may run out of space..COM files on an infected disk don' t match those on original program disks. Damage: Wasted disk, memory. Netea: This virus, originally designed in 1990, was an experiment to prove selfencxyptation was possible. Within hours the monster escaped Som the lab and spread wildly through the University of hfinnesota's computerL It has since become a pest world-

wide. 0

THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV'91 73 •

•

Is it Art Yet ? Products mentioned: Adobe Photoshop Aldus SuperPaint 3.0 Aldus PhotoStyler Fractal Design Painter IIEC MultiSync FGmonitors with AccuColor control system Wacom SD510-C pressure-sensitive tablet Apple Scanono grayscale scanner Hewlett-Packard ScanletC color scanner

":::::-.:: :.::O'0:::."::

f you thought all art created with a computer had to look like it was created with a computer, guess again. With new developments in b ot h h a r dware and software, the only time you get that sterile clipt look or those tell-tale jaggy "digital bitmap" edges is when you want them. S everal factors contribute t o t h i s revolution in computer graphics, not the least of which is the trend toward "true color," high resolution displays of millions of colors, alIowing virtually infinite subtlety of shading and hue. True color is usually defined as '24-bit color, where the 24-bit video card can permit a monitor (of sufficient size) to d isplay u p to 16 . 7 m i l l i o n colors simultaneously. Of course, on avc;rage monitors, there aren't 16.7 million pixels, hence the number of displayable colorswill vary. There is an important difference between this and having a palette of thousands or millions of colors. VGA and Super VGA "8-bit" displays, for example, have a palette of 262,144 colors, but can typically only produce 256 colors on~creen at any one time. A 24-bit display with sufficient re s o l ution a llows t r u e photographic realism — hence thc; term "true color." (24-bit displays are also available for higherwnd Macintosh and Amiga models. All Amigas and the NeXTstation color s upport 1 2 b i t s o f color, o r 4 0 9 6 simultaneous colors. The NeXTdimension supports true 524it color — Eck)

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40MHz CPU, working on a 15 megabyte bitmap is S-LO-W. And hard disk space? Programs that support these giant images usually do so by implementing a "virtual memory" (VM) scheme. If, for example, the computer you are working on has 8MB of RAM, and the image you are worhng on is 15MB (a typical size for 7%cGnsputcv Pape's cove;r illustration), the computer loads as much of the image into RAM as possible, and treats the hard disk as "overQow" memory for those portions of the document that won't fit in the available RAM. It is not uncommon for these temporary swap" files to be triple the size of the original image. For our 15MB example, that means keeping 45MB of VM working space available on the drive. Of course, swapping portions of this giant file in and out of memory f'rom a hard disk is not as fast as keeping it all in RAM, but haveyou priced 45MB of RAM lately? F or those p r ograms that d o n o t implement VM, there is the possibility of using VM if you are running Windows 5.0 (or higher) in S86 enhanced mode, or running a Macintosh capable of using System 7's VM feature, or Connectix Corp.'s Virtual. Unix and OS/2 users may also take advantage of their platforms' built-in VM abilities. System-level VM, however, requires the computer to have what is called a PMMU, or paged memory management unit. These are

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74 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 •

usually built into the CPU, as in the case of 586 and 486SX/D X a n d M o t orola 68080/040, although the original 68020based Mac II required a separate PMMU chip called a 68851 to use VM. With VM and greater processing speeds, the higheryowered CPUs are well~ted for use with large or complex graphical images. Some applications implement their own VM scheme. Adobe PhotoShop, for example, supports VM on all machines that the program runs on, whether or not they have the usually-mandatory PMMU. This .allows Madntosh LC or even Classic owners to manipulate graphics larger than their available RAM. T hey just need m or e

patience and, in the case of users with m onochrom e m oni tors, e n o u g h imagination to work with grayscale or 24|at color images.

Color Fidelity Despite the advances in monitor and display card technology, it is still very difiicult to ensure that the color you see onscreen will be the same color you get when you print out the final product. The key to producing repeatable, reliable results is called calibration, where some sort of feedback loop is established between the output device and its input signal. Different manufacturers approach this

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onerous task differently. Radius, RasterOps and other monitor manufacturers have created calibration devices that involve attaching a sensor via a suction cup to the front of the monitor. The sensor supplies a reading of the color(s) coming from the monitor, then instructs the video card to adjust its output accordingly. Other products use methods not quite so lofty — or expensive. Some graphics and publishing programs indude a printed card with various color swatches on it. The program also has a file that originally created this printed result. The idea is to adjust the m o n i tor'5 color b a l ance, brightness and contrast to match the

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NEC's new 4FG ($1099), 5FG ($1949) and 6FG ( $4269) r a nge of m u l tisync monitors also provide a digitally controlled system designed to allow users to match onscreen colors to those obtained through output devices. The s~ a lled AccuColor technology, incorporated in these three monitors (a lowermost 3FGx model does.not include AccuColor) is a hardware-based solution which allows for two custom settings, plus a factory setting — not as versatile as Photoshop's Gamma software, but adequate for most users. In use, the ' AccuColor system'5 front pane1 controls are easy and convenient to use, and allow adjustments over a full 244it color range. Like the o t her solutions, AccuColor provides a printed color chart to which the screen solors are matched. Some other methods for obtaining output fidelity exist, too. New f1atbed scanners from Apple and Hewlett-Packard use a clever method of scanning output from your ow n p r i n te r t o c a l i brate themselves, automatically. Too cool. Of course, the computer/monitor/ display adapter, etc., is only part of thb equation. We still need to address how to get the images in and out of the computer, and what software to use.

Input Devices First, let it be said that the mouse is not the ideal drawing tool. An associate of mine once described it as hke trying to paint with a pound of butter." I'm not sure what he meant, but the image stuck. Input devices vary incredibly, ranging from those designed for image acquisition

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 75 (video digitizers, frame grabbers, and SD410C's lower resolution, accuracyand While not essential, a Wacom pressurehandheld/sheetfed/flatbed scanners) to "report rate" (the number of points per sensitive tablet is recommended. pointing/drawing devices such as light pens, s econd it s e nds i n formation t o t h e Painter is essentiaHy a "natural media" graphic tablets, trackballs, joysticks, and of computer). In each of these areas, the SD- e mulation, o f f erin g s t artlingly r e a l course, the ubiquitous mouse. 510C specs come in at about half that of the simulations of colored pencils, crayons, Over the years, in my quest for the higher models. Fortunately, I could not tell calligraphy pens, airbrushes, hiskets and a perfect drawing tool, I' ve owned virtually aU any difFerence whatsoever in actual use..In variety of paint brushes for oils and water of the above gadgets. As with so many other fact, the SDSIOC's smoother tablet surface colors. The simulations are particularly articles appearing in these pages, the theme and compact and lightweight dimensions uncanny when used with the Wacom tablet. is a common one: match the tools to the job. actually made it the favorite around Thc With Painter, you can actually see the While a joystick might be fine for playing CcatptttcrPaper ofllces. Its small size made it texture of brush strokes on canvas or a wide Pac-Man, you probably wouldn't enjoy feasible to use on one's lap, and it can range of papers. drawing with one. Similarly, while a touch- double as a mousepad when not being used The program, written by the same screen or a mouse is fine for pointing at as a graphics tablet. There are several stylus people that created ColorStudio f or menu items or on-screen objects, neither and cursor "puck" options, but for most Letraset, isn't perfect. It lacks several one makes the optimum drawing tooL people, the two top contenders will be the features typically found in paint programs, Naturally, the ideal drawing device is one SP-500 and SP-510 cordless pressure- the most obvious being no support for text, that mimics the dynamics of its "analog" sensitive styli. and no editable selection areas or mask@ Is equivalent pen/pencil/brush, etc. It is The SP400 has a much firmer feel than it unreasonable that a paintbox doesn' t surprising to me, then, that pressure- the SPN10, much as a 2H pendl relates to contain a typewriterP No, Painter emulates sensitive tablets are so rare. There are only a an HB. The SP-510 requires considerably natural media, and leaves the "extras" to few companies that manufacture such items, less exertion to use, and is a better choice other programs such as Photoshop and and only one t ha t ha s achieved any for most pressure-sensitive applications. If ColorStudio. Because Painter leaves out significant m a r k e t s u c cess — Wacom you are the type that regularly breaks pendl some of the more esoteric manipulative (pronounced wah' curn). Luckily, it is a leads and am complete a form in triplicate abiTities of its peers, it is smaller, faste.r, nearly peifect drawing instrument. without even trying, then perhaps the SP- easier to use, and relatively inexpensive — in While many other companies make 500 is for you, but I preferred the softer SP- all, a winning combination. graphics tablets (Summagraphics, Kurta, 510. Figures 4(a) and 4 (b ) s how the It is therefore ideal to use Painter in Calcomp — to name a few), only Wacom's difference in the pressur~ensitivity of the conjunction with Photoshop or ColorStudio responds to the pressure of the stroke of the two penL to create masks or perform manipulations pen (in certain software), opening the doors like flipping and rotating images. When to a whole range of software that can explore the possiMities this enables. The l i s t o f Mac i n t osh s o ftware supporting the Wacom tablet's pressure sensitivity'is extensive, induding:

saved, Phot o s hop a n d , na t u r a lly, ColorStudio files — complete with maskscan be opened in Painter. It also supports TIFF and PICT file-types. Painter off er s con si d e rable customization of its tools. You can create a dditional p a per, c a nvas and o t h e r backgrounds to supplant the bevy of supplied textures (although you' ll need ColorStudio to do it), and each brush or endl can be edited in dozens of ways. To eep the program easy to use, most of its 15 (I) tool palettes have additional hidden options that can be revealed when needed. One of the most fasdnating abilities of Painter is its AutoClone function, which allows you to turn a scanned image into a painting. There are even modes that emulate specific artists' styles. Apply "Seurat" to a photograph, and voikl,instant pointillism. There's a Van Gogh brush, too, that creates multicolored brush strokesjust the thing for creating your own Stony ¹ght. As you can probably tell, I'm excited about Painter. It represents a new level of sophistication in graphics programs. If you are interested in drawing or painting (with or without a computer), you owe it to yourself to check it out. Continttcd onPage76

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SuperPaint 2 . 0 a n d 5 . 0 ( S i l i c on Beach/Aldus) Painter 1.0 (Fractal Design) PixelPaint Professional 2.0 (SuperMac) ColorStudio 1.0 through 1.5 (Letraset) Photoshop 1.0 through 2.0 (Adobe) FreeHand 5.1 (Aldus) All other Macintosh software supports the tablet as if it were a mouse (without pressure sensitivity). The Ma c m ouse remains active. One of our graphic designers described how she felt about the tablet, which she calls 'That wonderful little Wacom pad": "It frees the artist in me to infinite creation with Photoshop. Unbound from the jerky, lethargic moves of a mouse, I can truly paint. I find it to be the link between creating art and using a computer, one which I' ve never found before. The possibilities are exiting." The Wacom tablets come in a variety of s izes, ranging f ro m t h e S D - 510C, a mousepad~ u n i t with a ~ i nch a ctive area (shown in Figure 5),

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76 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 •

•

Fun With Photoshop

retouching program for Windows, Aldus Photoshop is as dose to the perfect art PhotoStyler. See the Seybold Report, this program as I' ve ever seen. It's fast (all things issue for details.— EcL) considered), easy to use, and has a great "feel." Since Oct. 1990, when I Srst reviewed Tip ¹1: Convertin9 bitmaps version 1.0, Photoshop has become one of into 9rayscales my most essential and often' t ook. The F or optimum u s e o f a n y p h o t olatest version, 2.0, adds important features retouching program, or piinting graphics at for hetter printing and more precise color different resolutions and/or sizes, it is and image selection and manipulation. important to have a true grayscale image, Rather than subject you to yet another not one comprised of dithered dots. Even if boring annmary of features, here are a few the latter is all your scanner can produce, ways to have fun with Photoshop.... Photoshop can produce agrayscale image (Many of these techniques can also be from a halftone by calculating gray values applied to other graphics programs on from the various dot densiYies. To do this, various platforms, induding the new photo- simply use your scatmer to scan the photo at

the highest resolution possible and save it in a format Photoshop can open (that covers just about everything). Open the image with Photoshop, and check the Mode menu. If it Bltmop to Sroii Scele... informs you that the image is a bitmap, select the menu option entitled Grayscale.... size Ratio: ~~ cancel A dialog hke the one shown in Figure 5 will appear, where you can enter the Bitmap to Grayscale size rado. The larger the number you enter, the lower the resolution of the resuldng image, but the greater the number Rgure 5. Sy converting a bitmap to grayscale, you can resizeit w ithout creating undesirable moirai of gray values it will contain. The number ttoms. To alter brightness or contrast, too, it is you enter will equal the number of grayscale t to work with a grayscale image. "bits that will comprise the image. For example, entering a 2 will produce a 2&t (2

x 2, or 4 shades of gray) image; a 4bit image contains2x2x 2 x 2 , or 16levelsofgray.

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Tip ¹2: INasking & Featherin9 One of the most important concepts in Photoshop is that of masking. Masks are created automatically whenever an area is selectecL Another key concept is Feathering, which ensures that objects or areas that you paste down will blend smoothly into their backgrounds, without harsh jaggy edges. Photoshop loses out to competing products ColorStudio and Enhance in the area of feathering. All can feather in an outward direction (away ff om the selecdon), but only Photoshop cannot feather inward. Unlike ColorStudio, Photoshop has the aMity to invert the selected area, making it easy to select an item or its background, if either one is a blank area or solid color'. ( ColorStudio ha s o t her m e t h ods o f accomplishing this, but they are not as quick as Photoshop s Invert function.)

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You' ve probably seen the work of artists who draw caricatures of people for ffve or ten dollars, or the satirical illustrations of poliYical leaders in any newspaper's editorial page cartoons. Well, here's a way for you to create images like that yourself. Who knows, perhaps there is a business opportunity herel The essence of any caricature is to emphasize dominant traits. Brian Mulroney, for example, has one heck of a chin in every cartoon you' ll see of him, while Jean Chretien will have an absurdly lopsided mouth. Prominent facial features get bigger: foreheads higher, hairdos more extreme. Noses are always a favorite. You'llneed to get a photograph of your subject into the computer. To do this, you could use a Polaroid camera and a n inexpensive hand-held scanner, or a video digitizer, such as you' ve undoubtedly seen at the "Yourface on a Tli rt b ooths at your local shopping mall or exhibition. Assuming that you somehow get a grayscale image of your subject's face into Photoshop (see tip 41, above, on converting bitmaps into grayscales), it is simply a matter of selecting various areas of the image, distorting them in some way and pasting them back down again. Here are a few of my favorites: Pinch produces a hilarious effect when applied to a person's face. Use one of the selection tools, with the subject's face centered in the selected area Apply Pinch with a positive value to pinch inward (making facial features squish together around the center point), or with a negative value to expand features in a convex fashion (creating a ffshcye lens effect). Other useful effects can be found in the Image menu's Distort and Scale effects; just the thing for making ears bigger and whamot. It is useful to manipulate a copy of an area rather than the original; that way, when you shrink or distort it, there is not a blank area left behind. Judicious use of feathering and smudging in selected areas can help hide signs of your manipulations.

SesFun with Photoshop o p~ 85

THE COMPuTER PAPER NOV'91 77

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 79

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On Aldus Additions: PB: Scitex announced at Print '91 new additions that allow PageMaker to work with their color equipment. We' ve added a new menu item called Additions for both the PC and Mac versions of PageMaker. Aldus additions (included in the upcoming v ersion 4.2 o f P a g eMaker) w il l a d d automatic functions our customers have asked for like drop caps and column balancing. We' ll also be adding some scripting in the future.

unless we have a nonWsdosure agreement out, we can take another look at it later. in place. W e' re m or e i n t e r ested i n editable PostScript.

On Document Interchange:

PB: John Warnock (CEO of Adobe

Systems), myself, as well asJonathon Seybold (Publisher of The Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing ) have gone down a couple of blind alleys. Adobe obviously has an i n t erest i n h a v in g a do c u m ent interchange standard based on PostScript. We' re meeting monthly to see if we can On Upgrades: work with PostScript as an interchange PB: We plan on a more agressive format for text, graphics and document upgrade schedule. It's been 12 to 18 months geometry in an editable format. in the past; now we' re looking at 6 to 9 PIL (page interchange language), at this months between major releases, with some point, looks like a blind alley — perhaps a "dot" releases (e.g., 4.01 was a minor blind alley is a little bit strong; we' re not revision only) more frequently than that. pursuing it at this time. Quark and others are still working on it. If something pans

On Educating theINarket:

P B: Aldus i s h i r in g g r aphic a r t s professionals to keep in touch with the market and help service bureaus and prepress professionals. In addition, we have a series of white papers we call Straight Talk that have answers to questions, comparisons to Quark and other information.

oaggaradoas O Upgrades II S >~tm ~

On Running a Quality Business:

PB: Fully one-third of Aldus staff are in serviceand support. Evexy employee has had at least 20 hours of training in the Crosby principles (Phi~ip Crosby is a management consultant who has written a book entitled Qucxlixy isFres.~) and other issues. There are as many people testing as there are programming. We re using automated test tools, a bug database. Objectwriented programming techniques tend to lead to better quality code. 0 (See the Seybold Show Report, this issue, for more information on the latest products fromAldus.Ed.)

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80 THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91

Image C lub's Artroom CS-ROM

Product:Artroom5.0 Publisher. Image Club, Suite 5, 1902 Eleventh Street SE, Calgary, Alberta T2G 3G2 (8004S61-941 0) Price: $799

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illed as a "complete collection of chp art induding special image retrieval software," Image Club's Artroom CD is indeed a formidable collection of art, ranging from A (airplanes, alphabets, animals, a p ples, a r r ows [ a p l entyl], asparagus, astrological symbols, angels, automobiles, American eagle, Alberta, Africa, Asia, Australia (etc.), art deco, atomic blasts, Avant Garde letters, and dozens more...) to Z (zapped, zebra, zipper and zoom). Thousands of images run the gamut from Axe Murderer (reallyl) to Goodie Two Shoes, and the illustrations are as varied as these two titles suggest. All images are saved in a g e neric encapsulated PostScript (EPS) format, and may be used as is, or edited using programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Aldus FreeHand, Deneba Canvas, Adobe Illustrator for Windows, or CorelDRAW. The complete collection consists of 25 volumes, each of which would normally sell for $99.All are induded on the $799 CD, So, the value is excellent â&#x20AC;&#x201D; how is the quality?

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The Image Qub Look This collection has received several prestigious awards: MsscUser "5 Mouse Rating," MsscWorld"Recommended Clip Art," Publish Reader's Choice: Best Clip Art. Despite these accolades, the quality varies widely. Of course, art is a matter of taste.... From a purely technical standpoint, the earlier volumes 1, 2 (miscellaneous), 4, 5 (cartoon people) and 6 (business and industry) are ahnost uniformly bad, drawn in the overly geometric and harshly shaded style that personified early Mac drawing programs like MacDraw 1.x and Cricket Draw; Volume 8 is barely passable, with a nearly even mixture ofstrong and weak designs. Volume 9 (design elements) is very good; clearly, the artist(s) advanced to a more-powerful graphics program with the ability to d o g r adient fi lls â&#x20AC;&#x201D; they are everywhere. Volume 9 indudes a number of design elements like Sale," "50% off," "Fantasticl" and the like, typically rendered

Continued on Page93

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T HE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 8 1 • •

•

lbchniques

•

This pratatype of the center had a see-through effect with clouds showing behind the CAD images on the screen.

his month's cover has an interesting story behind it. It started with the concept of a w o r kstation being handed down f' rom the heavens. After some discussion, that idea was thought to be potentially offensive to some people. Should the hand be male/female/alien? Another idea was hatched, in which a group of astronaut archaeologists uncover evidence of an advanced civilization — sort of an Erich von Daniken theme where the lunar walls would feature strange hieroglyphics like "LS," "NROFF" "CHMOD." Unfoxtunately, it seemed to imply "ancient and obsolete"not the idea we wanted to put acrossl In a variation of this scenario, the hard drive article was to be figured in as "the beast with six heads." We decided that UNIX desexved to be portrayed as a more downcoearth "real-world" technology. Too badl Perhaps a crystal ball with a wotkstation in it? Nah, too corny. We eventually decided on a horizon with a glowing "SUN,' implying (we hope) a fairly obvious visu'al pun. The main background cloud image on the cover was originally a blacke d-white scan (reallyl) of a photo fxom Image Club's Darkroom CD-ROM. I colorized the image using Photoshop's "Arbitrary" colormapping feature by selecting the sky, then assigning colors to speci6c ranges of gray. By inverting the selected area to select all but that area, I was able to perform similar coloration on the cloud portion of the image. The workstation was scanned as a separate image, sharpened, bxightened and given a slight perspective angle, then selected, feathered, defringed and finally pasted onto the background. Two of theimages I had concocted for the unreleased "lunar" cover made it into the fmal image. The picture shown on the screen of the computer is constructed entirely from fractals. Fractals, as you may know, are mathematical oddities that create s elf-similar f o rm s well-suited t o t h e modelling of natural phenomena such as

The Seyhold PuhlishiNg C ONfeFONCe - ~ ~ e

by Graslrc Bersrsstt

•

he Seybold Computer Publishing Exposition is a show for professional users of publishing tools. Attended by 25,000 users, vendors, and developers of computerbased systems, the conference was held from October 24 at the SanJose Convention Center, located in the heart of Silicon Valley. The show featured 260 exhibitors, plus a conference program highlighted by minicourses and interactive learning opportunities.

Apple Intros High-End Las'er%riters, INonitor, Scanner SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA, SEP 50

(NB) —Apple Computer has rolled out a variety of new products aimed at desktop publishers, in conjunction with the Seybold

desktop publishing show in SanJose. Apple

clouds and mountains. The fractals were generated on a Madntosh Ilfx by the screen saver(l) M ore After Dark by Berkeley S ystems, c a p t ure d wi t h Ze dc o r ' s DeskCamera (the only snapshot utility I know of thatcan capture a screen saver screen), and assembled using Adobe Photoshop. I added the fade to the fractal sky manually, and adjusted the colors using Photoshop's HUE, BRIGHTNESS and SATURATION commands. The fmal image was saved as a 14.2MB TIFF fileand placed into a FreeHand S.O publication, where the turned-up page corner, type (primarily Adobe Helvetica Extra Compressed) and logo elements were created anc'i positioned. The files were saved onto a SyQuest (44MB removable disk) and transported t o o u r s e r v ice b u r e au

(WYSIWYG, 604/684.5466).A Canon color

laser proof was created before final film output of the color separations at 100 lpi was accomplished on a Linotronic LSOO. 0

introduced two high-end LaserWriter printers, a new 21-inch color monitor, version 1.1 of its MacTCP development platfoxxn, and a new scanner The new laser printers, available in November, are called the LaserWriter IIg, $4,599, and the LaserWxiter IIf, $5,599. Both incorporate the Adobe Postscript Level 2 page descxiption language which improves pxindng speed, adds new capabilities, and is said to be fully compatible with existing applications and drivers. According to Apple, both printers offer built4n text smoothing, grayscale imaging, and high-'speed networking. Because the new products feature the same design as p revious LaserWriters, users o f t h e LaserWxiter IINT and IINTX can upgrade to either the Hg or I I f vi a a logic board exchange. The new printers feature two new proprietary imaging technologies, called PhotoGrade and FinePrint. PhotoGrade enables the LaserWriter IIg or IIf to print grayscale images by controlling the size and placement of dots. FinePrint is edgesmoothing technology that improves the quality of text and line art. According to the company, it virtually elimiriates the jagged edges characteristic of many laser-printed documents. Although bo t h Fin e P r in t and P hotoGrade are standard on t h e

LaserWriter IIg, only FinePrint is standard on the LaserWriter Hf, with an additional 4 megabytes (MB) of RAM required to enable the PhotoGrade capabiTity. The LaserWri <er IIg is based on the 25MHz Motorola 68050 processorand the Ilf is based on a 20MHz version of the same chip. Both printers use the, Canon LBP4X eightqag~ er-minute laser engine. Thirtyfive type styles are included with the printers. A SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) port is built~ to allow users to connect an external hard disk for additional font storage. To facilitate multi-vendor connectivity, the printers indude a number of difFerent networking options, including EtherTalk, AppleTalk, and a RS-282 Serial Intexface. The Macintosh 214nch Color Display will be available in January in the U.S. and Canada although it is available now in Europe and Asia. The $4,599 monitor offers a viewing area the width of two full pages, up to 16.7 million colors, an ergonomic

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r>r • r' 'P

•

82 THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91 • •

•

GmtintsidPeas Page81

•

New For Macintosh: Aldus PageMaker 4.2

PrePrint requires either PageMaker Sles or any PostScript Sle conforming to Adobe System's color-separation and documentSAN JOSE, KKLIPORNIA, OCT 5 stnacturing conventions. Documents can be (NB) — In a slew of product announcements, color-separated on the desktop before Aldus has also unveiled a new version of its incorporation into PageMaker as the popular PageMaker for the Macintosh, product can create, recognize and print DesktopColor Separation (DCS) Sles. version 4.2. Aldus says the new version works with the Contactt Pam Miller, Aldus, Tel: 206/628-6594, Macintosh System 7.0 operating system, can Fax: 206843%240. be extended via the new Aldus Additions, and includes Aldus PrePrint 1.5.

design, and according to the company, the aMity to display any combination of text,

graphics, and video applications. There's a pixel area of 1152 by 870 with a .26mm , horizontal by .29mm vertical dot pitch. There's also a built4n tilt~d ~ e l ba s e, a built~ antiglare, anti~tatic screen, and the unit features a 75-hertz refresh rate that, the company claims, ensures a flicker-free, stable image at all thnes. The Madntosh 21-inch Color Display can b e used with any member of t h e Macintosh II f a mily equipped with a compatible video card.

The company says PageMaker 4.2 has

over 40 new or improved features,and

The company's new Apple OneScanner, $1,299, features what Apple is calling "onebutton scanning technology, that allows for highguality photographs and artwork to be incorporated into documents. It can scan images in up to eight bits or 256 leveh of

•

The HyperScan 2.0 software allows users to scan images directly into HyperCard stackL The new version oifers improvements in the use of palettes to shnplify the user intedace, and the aMity to scan various she

names enhanced typographic and predsion controls as «zamples. The new product also

supports System 7.0 features Apple Events, Subscribe, Balloon Help, and TrueType, Aldus said. These new features allow users or developers to extend PageMaker features to meet special needs or to automate tasks. The scanner also includes the Ofoto and The Apple OneScanner is available now. For example, Subsmbe support allows users HyperScan 2.0 scanning options. Ofoto Apple Scanner users win be able to upgrade to connect a PageMaker document to Sles indudes the onebutton Autoscan feature to the new software for a suggested retail that other System 7.0 savvy' programs that automatically controls all aspects of the priceof $195 through Light Source by publish, s o P a g e M aker d o c u ments scanning process from setting brightness calling 1$0M51$CAN. automatically reflect changes in the source and contrast to straightening and cropping documents, Aldus said. A new "hotlink' to images. Users can also manually control all Contach Yhnda Davis, Apple Computer inc., 408- Aldus &eehand, via System 7's Apple Events 974-5193. aspects of scarming. allows art to be seamlessly altered and updated from PageMaker, the company said. Also, six new Aldus Additions come with PageMaker 4.2 for performing tasks such as producing d rop ca p s au t o matically, preparing files for a, "two-up" booklet 'n printing, and rearranging a publication by moving thumbnail images of the pages, C .C CC Aldus said. "aiiA< PrePrint 1.5, a color production tool, is also included and allows users to colorcorrect and enhance TIFF images and generate color separations of multi-page documents, indudmg text, illustrations and color photos. A':

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 83 al ity to create hand~wn effects with the

Sles, putting the information in documents

freehand tools. Using keyboard shortcuts or produced with PageMaker. The combined

a Wacom pressure~ensitive drawing tablet programs offer a spreadsheet4ke interface. and cordleas pen, graphic artists can vary the the ability to combine data from multiple line weights of strokes drawn with the database tables, and calculated fields. A freehand tool. The tablet and pen are sold Query By Example feature is included to separately. make data selection easy. A query table is Also supported is an magnification used to retrieve the data, and an Answer feature which allows the user to fill the Table previews the information selected, screen with an enlarged view of any selected Once the user is satisiied with the result, a region of an image. FreeHand S.l has a Word Table is used to format the chosen suggested selling price of $595. data and pu t i t i n t o t h e P a geMaker FreeHand for Windows will show a new publication. u ser i n t erface, g r a p hics, a n d t e x t Uang the PageAhead features, data can c apabilities. L arry S p elhaug, V P o f be sorted in a variety of different orders, marketing for Aldus, says the result is the and exceptions to the sorting rules are most comprehensive design and illustration possible. PageMaker Database Edition requires program available for PCs. The Windows version will have many of the same features Windows 5.0 as well as Windows compatible found in the Mac 5.0 version, including hardware. Aldus recommends a 586-based Boating palettes for tools, colors, styles, and DOS compatible computer, 4 megabytes of layerL Users can display, position and resize RAM, an 80MB hard disk, a high resolution the palettes, and full screen drawing, editing graphics adapter card such as an XGA, and preview is available. Super CGA or CGA, and a mouse. It' s Layers can be hidden, displayed, edited, possible to run it on a 286based system with and printed individually or together. 2MB of RAM, a 20MB hard disk, an EGA or Editable clip art is included, and drawing Hercules graphics card and a mouse. and editing tools include both basic tools The company says it will package the such as pen, freehand, and point-to-point program with PageMaker 4.0 for Windows, tools, as well as advanced features such as which will be available in the U.S. and knife, skewing, tracing, rotation, and Canada by the end of 1991, with a suggested reflection tools. list price of $995. PhotoStyler 1.1 is an enhanced version Aldus says users already owning of the fullwolor image-processing program PageMaker can buy PageAhead separately originally developed by U-Lead Systems Inc, for $199. of Taiwan. The company says it is committed to Originally introduced in May of this year, updating major product lines every nine to PhotoStyler lets users of Microsoft Windows 10 months. 5.0 scan, enhance, compose and retouch 24Aldus believes that products such as bit color, grayscale and black-and-white PhotoStyler 1.1 for Windows will provide images, and print them. The enhanced new applications for PCs which were images can b e e x p orted t o d e sktop previously available only on an Apple publishing, presentation graphics and Macintosh. m ultimedia applications, fo r u s e i n electronically produced or printed products. Contact:Brad Stevens, Aldus Corp, 206-628After Aldus acquired exdusive worldwide 2361. marketing rights to PhotoStyler, it withdrew ll c ti f! it Rom the market while the enhancements were being added and it was being made compatible with other Aldus products, including PageMaker. "We are delighted to relaunch the product with improvements that will make it tVertlwl 0 the most advanced and productive imageHM4lll t 't 04at. ~0 processing solution for th e W i n d ows k' platform," said Spelhaug. r New features include improved fileformat compatibility with PageMaker; , sameas lail: caned ar improved performance of PhotoStyler's brush tools for image editing; and the implementation of Aldus command-key New For PC: FontMonler routines to make PhotoStyler consistent with other Aldus products. The documentation Windows Font Conversion has also been rewritten to make it consistent Packa9e SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, OCT with standard company documentation formats. 2 (NB) — Ares Software Corporation has PhotoStyler 1.1 will be available in the announced FontMonger for Microsoft U,S. and Canada in the fourth quarter, and Windows 5.0 or S.l, a software package for the conversion of font 61es between the carries a suggested list price of $795. European and Pacimc Rim market versions major font packages, and modification of fonts by the user. will be announced later. FontMonger converts font files to and Registered owners of version 1.0 can get a free update. Aldus can be contacted at 6'om the PostScript Type 1, PostSmpt Type 5, TrueType, Nimbus and Intellifont font 206428-2520for further information. formats. T h e p ackage exports in the Contact: Brad Stevens, Aldus Corporation, 206- Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) or Adobe 628-2361. Illustrator file formats for IBM PC or compatible systems, under DOS or Windows Aldus Iets PageAhead Metafile, or the Macintosh. Fonts converted may be modified in Marketing Rights S EATTLE, WASHINGT ON , O C T 5 graphics applications such as CorelDraw or (NB) — Aldus Corporation has acquired the Micrographix Designer, the company worldwide publishing and marketing rights claims. Once modified the graphics and to PageAhead, a program which bridges type can be combined and merged back into database management systems and Aldus a font. The company maintains that characters PageMaker, its highwnd desktop publishing program. PageAhead was originally can be created for mathematical and developed b y P a g e Ahead S o f tware scientific formulas, pricing and fracnons. The retail price on the FontMonger package Corporation in Seattle. PageMaker users will be able to use the is $99. features ofPageAhead to query, retrieve, Contact: Russ McCann, Ares Software, Tel and format datafrom dBASE and ASCII 415/578-9090; fax (41 5) 3784999.

OmniPage 6oes Pro,System 7 Compatible SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA, OCT 5 (NB) — Caere, makers of t h e o p t i cal character recognition (OCR) software Om niPage, announced at the Seybold Conference that OmniPage Professional is now available for Macintosh and compatible computers, and it is able to take advantage of System 7 capabiBitieL OmniPage is the Grat OCR software to be "System 7 savvy" and offers as a result complete gra y -scale edi t i n g , a comprehensive text editor, support for Hewlett-Packard's AccuPage optical scanner, and provides direct input of text into Macintosh applications. OmniPage can be trained, Caere said, to recognize custom characters, shapes, or symbols. It can recognize all misprinted characters, the company said, and for

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178

84 THE COMPUTERPAPER

NOV '91

Multi-Ad CreatOr cofst. p~ kg

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Of course, certain operations, such a < those with fancy 3-D headlines are slow, bLU If anything, this is Creator's greatest strength. Ad production people, who are in all, its speed is impressive. I suspect thai notoriously overworked anyway, don't want portions of Creator are written in pure assembly language for the fastest possible to learn another new-fangled program. Creator makes the transition as painless as peIfoIlnaIice. • lglndoiu possible, by offering a familiar set of tools, Lagouts. and all the conveniences of a page layout New Lagout... program with seamlessly integrated drawing Bo To tools. A HyperCard-based help system and an excellent ring4ound manual allow rapid Chock Solo< lion... access to information about various aspects of the program. Additionally, the company Rd Size... oEers free technical support for one year to Rd gordor e fill... registered users

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Another great feature is provided b) Multi~ ' s separate Search utility (optional) Hlrago You can type a keyword, such as "Dog, and Noon Back Tall Search will list all available clip art that i. Ripple Ecgpsa Perspective indexed with thatkeyword. Once found Slalalg Credits images can be previewed, copied or piinted Fina Line Engrauad FIne Edge A simple operation (detailed in the News Uonollan Uorllcnl Plnclrlpos Notes Sc Tips newsletter that Multi-Ad send. Slant Horizontal Plnstrlpos Sock Slant to registered owners) then transfers ii Ulogonal Plnctrlpas directly into your current Creator document Figure 3. Shownare only a fow of the vest array of Mutt e r c a pabiTities allow more than onc EPS text effects provided with Creator. Options for user to search for images in the same catalog gradient fills Bnd automatic text-on-an-arc are also at the same time. These sort of industrial included. These are similar to those created by Gmtifitsdd ofi Page85 SmartArt, Laser FX orTypestyler. Found Sack faded Tan

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THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV'91 85 t • •

The Future ofHuman-Computer Interfaces

A Review of The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design Q Cethalynn LeboniiSmifh P'ho Art of Human-ComputerInterface Design, "featuritis" and "clutter" that the icons are Brenda Laurel (Ed), Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., vague "metaphorics" and that designers are Inc., 1990, 482 pages, $34.95.) merely "add [ing] ketchup" to poor designs. ho Art of Huiaan-Coiapufor Interface The suggestion that human/computer Design is a compilation of essays, inteifaces should be as exciting as a session lectures, speculations, and interviews with a video game is also made by Ronald from a variety of professionals in the Baecker and Ian Small in t heir essay, sciences and humanities, who were called Animation at the Interlace, where they apply upon to address issues of design in graphical animation and film techniques to intetface user interface:s (GUIs). Fifty percent of the design. writers (or thosewritten about) were Apple, "... We should look to the language of Inc. executives and 50% were Som a non- cinema for models of how our interfaces Apple background, which made forsome could. behave...the cut, the fade in (fade interesting controversy. out), the dissolve, the wipe, the overlay, and Generally, the authors explored the the multiple exposure.> (p. 252)" future of computer interfaces. For instance, Gestures in H uman - C omputer Theodor Holm Nelson of Autodesk, Inc. in Communication by Gordon Kurtenbach and his article The Right Way to Think About Eric A. Hulteen, depicts the limits of Software Design, suggests that GUIs have computer interfaces today in that they are m uch further t o g o b e f ore t hey ar e still a static tooL "Without computers that can understand compellingly interactive. To see tomorrow's computer systems, go gestures, there can be no such thing as to the video parlorsl Go to the military c omputer a u g mentation o f dan c e , flight simulatorsl Look there to see true recognition o f ex p r e ssion t h r o ugh responsiveness, true interaction.> (p. 285) movement, drawing in space, imaginary Nelson goes on to explain the mistakes of musical instruments, or systems that aHow GUI designs; that they are. infected with users to conduct computer music. All of

Multi-Ad Creator cmsf. p ornage p 84

design philosophy than a flaw, but it dearly limits the b r eadth o f t h e p r o gram's applications. Other than that, I found no problems with Creator, except a minor incompatibility with version 2.5 with System 7. A f'ree upgrade to 2.5.5 (now shipping) solved the problem completely. Creator is fast, easy to use, and seemingly bug-free. It is the sort of highly~pecialized Umitations Because Creator is designed for creating program that can save time and money in a advertisments, it is optimized for single-page production environment. By all means, layouts. It is, unfortunately, completely contact the company and try out the free incapable o f han d l i n g m u l t i -page (save&Babied) demo version. That way, you documents (except as separate files), 'as am best determine if Creator is appropriate might be easily accomplished in most other for you. Ifyou make ads on a Mac (or by page layout programs. This is more of a hand), I' ll bet that it is. 0 strength features are the sort of things that have made the Mac the preferred platform for commercial art deperatments and graphic design houses — features that just aren't available for PC-based graphics software.

these activities must wait until a computer system is developed that recognizes that a two-year+id chiId understands.> (pp. 509-

humans, as well as some very hi sci-fi concepts like the products that are being developed by NASA for virtual interfaces. 0

810)" S . Jo y M o u n t f ord' s T o o l s a n d 1 Theodor Holm Nelson, The Right Way to Think Techniques for Creative Design, suggests About Software Design, in The Art of Humanthat inventions develop into art forms, like Computer Interface Design, Ed. Brenda Laurel, the invention of the alphabet evolved into (Addkson-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., 1990), pp. 235-243 the art of literature, and that humancomputer interface design will evolve into 2 Ronald Baecker and lan Small, Animation at the Interface, in The Art of Human-Computer Interface an art from the initial invention of the Design, Ed. Brenda Laurel, (Addison-Wesley conlputer. Publishing Co., Inc., 1990), pp. 251-267. The book has such a broad range of 3 Gordon Kurtenbach and Eric A. Hulteen, approaches, that it would be fascinadng for Gestures in Human-Computer Communication, in a non-technical audience, as much as it The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design, Ed. Brenda Laurel, (Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., would be for a technical audience. For Inc., 1990), pp. 309 -317. instance, there is the story of how the Madntosh trashcan icon was developed, and Cathalynn la ba n ' - S mith is a f reelance how Koko (a gorilla who can use American computer journalist. You may reach her at Sign Language) has a new computer with a ComputarSmiths 224-5242, fax 224-5247. touch screen designed so she can talk with

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86 THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91 9

The lhouble with Non-Ninclows Applications

Editing PIFs

PIFs tell Windows basic information about the non-Windows program. Windows programs do not use PIFs. Some nonWindows programs come with their own by Cathabyrrrr Laborrtc4rrrith PIF, but most use the default PIF that Windows 3.0 'assigns them. PIFs can be Modes changed through the PIF Editor in Windows t is better to run Windows applications When runni n g non- W i n d ows 3.0 either globally, where the default for all under Windows, but if you really want to applications under Windows be aware that it non-Windows applications can be changed, run your non-Windows applications runs under three different modes: real or individually, where the default for just under your new Windows S.Oenvironment mode, standard mode, and enhanced one program will be changed. Settings that you may need some trouble~hooting tips. mode. Real Mode is the best that an 8088 can be changed include Window Title, If you are having troubles with non- machine can operate, which is not as good Optional Parameters, Start-up Directory, Windows applications running under as Standard Mode thatcan operate on an Video Mode (Text & Graphics/Multiple Windows Program Manager, there are 80286 computer. To get the most out of Text), Memory Requirements, Extended several solutions; listed from the easiest to Windows 3.0 you need a 386 or 386SX Memory (XMS Memory & EMS Memory), the most involved. computer, that runs the Enhanced 386 Reserve Shortcut Keys, and Multitasking. ¹1. Obtain an upgrade of the program Mode. The most common problem when where available that was designed to run To see which mode you are running running a non-Windows application is an under Windows; under pull down the Help Menu from the error m e ssage stating t h a t t h e r e' s ¹2. Run theprogram in a different mode; Program Manager, then select About insufficient memory. Most non-Windows ¹S. Edit the Program Information Files Program Manager. The About window will programs are assigned 128KB, so to give a (PIFs). open up tellingyou which mode you are non-Windows program more memory try currently running, as well as how much the following to increase the 128KB default Upgrades Free Memory and Free Extended Memory is setthlg. Popular non-Windows applications available. • From the Program Manager, pulldown probably have a Windows 3.0 upgrade under There are two types of non-Windows t he W i n dow m e n u t o s e l ec t t h e development if they' re not already shipping programs, TSR and device drivers, and Accessories Group window and choose the it. applications. The TSR and device drivers PIF Editor icon. Memory-resident programs may also run before any of the other programs. If you • Choose File Open. A double-column need upgrades.Memory manager programs are having trouble with t hi s type of window will give you the choice of Files for non-Windows on 386 machines like program, it is best to run Windows in the and Directories. Quarterdeck's QEMM and Qmlitas 386 to lowest mode, real mode, which can be • If a PIF is listed for the program you want the Max will not be compatible with the switched on using win/r with the DOS to change, i.e., word5.pif, then select that Windows memory manager without th e prompt. If you are having irouble with an PIF. More likely you will need to select upgrade version. If you don't have the latest application program, it is best to run default.pif. version of these programs, it would be best Windows in the highest mode available on • Increase the Memory Requirement: KB to operate Windows without them. your machine,Enhanced Mode, which can required text box by 50KB. be switched on using win/3 with the DOS Corttirttted ots pagerye prompt.

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Market Orientation ToolBook is a development system to create Windows applications ranging from t he s t r aightforward t o the rea l l y sophisticated hnd. It supplies visual layout capabilities and a proprietary programming language called OpenScript. Gmtinttcd ors page87

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I was pleased with how many very useful functions are included, especially for text operations and printing controls. The Dynamic Data Exchange functions are well thought out and complete. They are elegant, flexible, and easy to use. Asymetrix passes off OpenScript as object-oriented but in fact, it does not s upport k e y O O ca p a b i lities: d a t a abstraction and inheritance. Though it appears to do so, it does not support encapsulation either. It d o e s h a v e a we a k for m of polymorphism, incomplete because it does not extend to operators, and compromised in a curious way: the message receiver's type must be specified in the send statement. As an example, assume you have a textbox named "Canard." You would insert "Rita" into it with this statement: put "Rita" into text of field "Canard." Here, put Rita" is the message and Canard is the receiver. The message is polymorphic because you can send it to other receivers. Unfortunately, you have to specify in advance the receiver's type, in this example: text of field. This is ironic because the m anual says that OpenScript is typeless. To its credit, OpenScript supports late binding and t h ereby provides a true messaging system. Even more powerfully, it suppo~ rundl e code interpretation. Your program can execute instruction entered or

command window which you can use for direct entry of statements to be executed and that can help a little in the learning process. The language reference is a little weak on cross-references. For example, the createFile entry in their language reference does not mention a related command: openFile. On the plus side, the prose is consistently easy to read and balanced with illustrations and examples. On the minus side, it is far too wordy. This percolates up into the overall organization and is refiected in the table of contents. On p. I/ 124, the title asks, "How do I build a book tt" As section headings, rhetorical questions are ineffective. Worse, this one is not answered directly. Upon reaching the end of the chapter, you may not remember that there was a question posed near the front, and in that sense, it never gets answered. The Help system is weak but it can do a full-text search. Speed is a real problem, though. It is incomplete (OpenScript commands are not explained) and is clearly targeted only at the naive. Plan on spending 40 hours of study to learn the system. ToolBook is, unfortunately, suitable only for small programming tasks. It is very difficult to get your program into a text file and back again. Even without this difiiculty, the syntax, because it is not objectwriented, has nothing to let you associate a method with an object type. This makes it very inadvisable to try to program outside the ToolBook environment even though tunnelvision is assured otherwise. This problem is n ot restricted to T o olBook but i t i s panicularlybad here because you can only have one script window open at a time.

The Issue of

Complexity Control

Overall, developing with ToolBook is not fun. The user interface does not have a very smooth feel. For example, to bring up the script window, you must hold down the control key and then doublewlick on an object, which is absurd. Why not just doubleclick? Certain m o use an d k e yboard made up at runtime. This facility could be combinations which are complementary are useful for building applications where unfriendly to those who hold the mouse expression evaluation is needed, e.g. a with their left hand. specialized spread-sheet. It could also be The built~ script editor is very anemic, used to get around some of the difficulties as are most Windows editors, although the mentioned earlier. word search function is much better packaged than those in other products. The A Concept Language mouse is seriously underwtilized in terms of Compared with modern programming bringing up various dialog boxes and languages, OpenScript i s wordy and wllldows. inelegant and is dearly a big step backwards. Interestingly, you can change and It provides a private vocabulary in respect to extend the development system itself by standard programming notions, e.g., a attaching your custom menu items to the W indows application i s a b o o k . T o standard ones. Thus, you can have some ToolBook's credit, it does support that work automated and you may even be able metaphor in a rich way, mahng it easy, for to compensate for some of ToolBook's exatriple, t o fl i p p a g e s an d c h a nge weaknesses but it would take a lot of work backgrounds. ToolBook's forte seems to be Asymetrix has not really developed this area in the area of intensively graphical books and it is limited in power. painstakingly handcrafted. One strength, for example, is th e m a r quee select and Writer's Block grouping capaMity which allows you to have If you want to distribute books to others, multiple grou~ e d fi c scripts, leading to a you will need to buy the Author Resource high degree of control in partitioning Kit, which will cost you US$4130. Windows functions within a complex of elements. 8.0 came with a ToolBook run-time which is now obsoleted with ToolBook 1.5. Asking From Here to There how I would deal with that if I didn't want to One notable strength of ToolBook is the go with the ARK, Asymetrix tells me only to ease with which you can persist values wait for Comdex. OK, I' ll wait. 0 associated with objects. You can easily have all or most of your variables persistent so Thomas Fee offers consulting in Windaws-based solutions. (604) 682-6590. that the user can stop running your program and sometime later resume it in the same state. Without getting into too much detail, I would say that the ToolBook tutorial does not address the issues of teaching you how to create an application. I found it neceasary to read major sections of the 2~lume docs. Though visual design is p r etty easy, e• programtning is needed to make it perform useful work. T h er e i s a n i m m e diate •

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their wallets. In droveL They don't want to b e locked i nt o t h e f o r t unes of o n e computing architecture or company. But whme the demand for open systems" is dear, the meaning of the term isn't — at least not anymore. M o s t p r oprietary companies singing the "open systems theme song these days sound suspiciously l ike they' re crooning "My Way i n t h e background. How truly open are their n recent years, most companies that built open systems? How committed will they their f o r t u ne s o n si n g l e-vendor be to open systems in the long run if those proprietary computing strategies have systems are stealing sales from t heir jumped on the open systems bandwagon. proprietary lines? Or if adopting open And why not? They' ve heard the market. systems means giving up control of a Customers are voting for open systems with lucrative product?

%hat Itlhkes to be Open

Open" is the most used and abused word in computing today. It's become an atlyurpose marketing buzzword to sprinkle liberally on virtually any product or suategy. It should be placed on the Endangered Jargon listt Some common misuses indude: "My computer architecture is open because I can network to and get Sles trom the m a i n f rame . T hi s conf u s es interoperability an d p o r tability with openness. My computer is open because it uses UNIX. T h i s confuses ease of software rtabTiity with openness and doesn't even to cover all the other hardware and software interfaces developed by a vendor. My PC is open because it runs binary-

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another.' T h i s confuses openness with compatibility — and compatibility with logos. A PC clone is sdll an Intel/Mkrosoft computer no matter what distribution channel you buyitfrom or what logo you put on it 'My computer complieswith standards b ecause it c o n f orms wit h t h e X Y Z consortium." This confuses openness with press releases. More on this later. L ike many o ther v endors, Sun i s committed to all the criteria listed above. But these are not casual relationships — you can't ad d u p h e t e r ogeneity, b i nary compatibiTity, UNIX, etc. and have the total equal open." They are not the same thing. "Open" is a term worth saving, though. It says a lot about the way computer companies can and should compete; and about the value provided customers through innovation. The theory behind openness is that all technology can benefit fr om improvement and that all customers bene6t from such innovation. U l t imately, the industry benefits, too, as a r e sult of increased demand brought about by more useful products. Basically, openness is a simple concept. It refers to a specitication, a blueprint — or as we call it in the computer business, an interface. One that's written down for the world to see and use. It invites improvement and innovation. The brake pedal is, for example, an open interface in the automobile industry. Every car company knows the description of a brake pedal: it's the three by six-inch pedal located directly to the left of the accelerator that can halt the car when it's depressed w ith x foot-pounds of pressure. C a r companies don't pay royalties to one another to use the spedScation; drivers are comfortable with it because they know the brake pedal is always located in the same place. The brake pedal specification is a volume open interface. And the automakers implement and innovate on the brake pedal's open interface with competitive roducts like anti-lock braking systems, y draulic b r akes, d isk b r a kes, e t c . Innovative implementations — even of things as mundane as braking systemsenable car manufacturers to diiferentiate themselves. Having these open interfaces lets automakers improve upon and innovate w hile still c omplying with t h e o p e n interface. And customers don't have to relearn how to drive. In the computer industry, interfaces describe many of the important eleme:nts that tie a computer system together: the microprocessor architecture, the system bus, the operating system and window systems, the graphical user interface, networking and others hke the important ABIs (Application Binary Interfaces) and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). The fundamental premise in defining openness is a positive answer to a simple question: "Can this technology bene6t trom innovation; from being faster, more fullfunction and cheaper) If y ou believe the answer is yes, then we can apply the

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 91 •

•

embrace open interfaces endorse the value of competition. Rarely will there be just one of anything. 6 ) There s h o ul d be a ref er e n c e i mplementation a v a ilable f o r a reasonable fee. Seeing how the interface is actually implemented is important to people who are building their own implementations. It's easier to build a car if you' ve seen one. 7) And, finally, there is — best case — an opeIliiess'. independent organization that performs branding and compatibility testing to I) The interface must have a specification that's openly available, m eaning, ensure the specification is protected and published. This allows other vendors to enhanced inan equitable way. create their own, value-added Lots of vendors equate open systems with implementations. By contrast, most standards. They' re not the same thing. The vendors release implementations — such dictionary definition states that a standard is "regularly or widely used...the preferred as Windows — without making the specifications available. T h e r e's a way of doing things." Standard interfaces d ifference between being able t o are set by high-volume sales (in other words, develop applications for the Windows by users). This means that the Macintosh is environment and being able to innovate a standard (high-volume) but not open (no and improve upon Windows itseK published interface). O f course, Sun' s 2) The specification should be well~tten. philosophy is that a robust open interface You should be able to send four — or will be adopted by many vendors and users, four hundred — engineers into a room eventually achieving the volume to become with a good interface specification and a standard. have them come out with a reasonable Because standards are set by volume implementation. T his is important. sales, it's illogical that standards can be set Well-written specifications encourage by committee. I t 's also illogical to call the creation of multiple, compatible organizations like UMX International, OSF implementations...a.k.a. competitive and IEEE "standards committee." They are products. endorsement bodies and such bodies don' t 5) An o p e n in t e r f ace i s a v a i lable set standards. I n t h e o ry, i f e n ough inexpensively or free. No huge royalties. companies joined a committee and swore to Lots of innovation. adopt a given set of technologies, then it' s 4) The interface should be legally clean, possible that their combined volume could i.e., you can't be sued for using it. Who drive standards. Practice proves differently, wants to build a product line around a however. Not only havesuch companies hardware or software interface that will been unable to predict their sales, they can' t make only lawyers rich? even predict their ability to follow through 5 ) Multiple i m p l ementations o f t h e and commit to the consortia's initiatives. interface should be available from Consortia have succeeded in creating multiple companies. Firms that really customer doubt and paralysing innovation. Gmfirstscd oNPage 95

question to an actual case — like Microsoft's Wmdows. Could Windows improve through innovation? Everything I' ve heard in the market says so. But while Microsoft gives developers the information to c reate applications that run with Windows, the company does not provide the information to innovate on Windows itself. As a result, Windows is a proprietary (not open) interface. Here's a simple checklist of criteria for

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4286. SMART USERGROUP, Brian WIebe 5884065. SORWARE B.C.• ¹400-1190 Melville St., Van., B.C. 684-7432. Meetings at Benedict's Restaurant, 1177 W Pender St.•Vancauver, 3rd&urs, 5:30. T.I. 99/4A COMPUTER B.C. 99er Users Group, Every Thurs 7-10 pm, Cameron Rec Or., Bby. Ran: 5222598. 1st Thurs. Tutorials, 2nd Ttwrs. General• 3rd Thurs, Tutorials, 4S&urs. Copyhg Prag. TRACE (Rhhmond Atarl Club), Thompsan Comm. Ctre. 27247891st 8 3rd Mon. 7:304:30. VANCOUVERACM/SIGGRAPHComputer Graphics, 1st Wed. Call Susan Mair, 228-3938: VANCOUVER ACCPAC USERS GROUP, 3rd Tues. Stanley Park Pavilion For Info: phone or fax 3250353. VANCOUVER AUTOCAD USERSSOCIETY,BCIT,Bldg. 3A, Room 110, 1st Wed of the month, 7:30 pm. Contact Robert Cheek, 684-9811 for hfo. VANCOUVER CLIPPER DEVELOPERS ASSOC.,1st Tues., 7 pm, 800-1190 Homby St., Van, 6854645. VANCOUVER COLOR COMPUTER CLUB, 3rd Tuesday, 7:30 PM, Century House — Moody Park Recreation Centre, 6204th St.. New Westminster, Contacts: Jordan Dobrlkln 420-6081; Steven La Favor 4674923. VANCOUVER DBASEUSERS GROUP, 2nd Wed., 7 pm. 800-1190 Hornby St. Van, 6854645. VANCOUVER ELECTRONIC PUBL.ASSOC., 1115 W. 11th, Vanccwver,VSH 1K4 (mail). For hfo, call 7339080 (leave msg). VANCOUVER NETWARE USERS GROUP,Les Lebbrant 2754684.Meets 1stM on. VANCOUVER NeXT USERS SOCIETY (VNUS), last Wed. 7 pm at Science World, Lawrence Clark 2755902. VANCOUVER PORTABLE COMPUTER CLUB (VPCC), User Meeting - 3rd Wed., 7:30 pm, Guildford Pub. AMO 17, Jay Siegel, 4251 Lancelot Dr, Richmond, B.C., V7C 4S4, 271-1519, Lib., Surrey. PD Copy sessions 5 meet New User Group. Computer User Group, 2nd Tues. of every VANCOUVER PC USER SOCIETY,Science World month, M.R. Sr. Secondary 7:30. Auditorksn, tk30 pm, 2nd &urs. 8M¹yr. 7344060. USER GROUP,322-6198,POCO, 1379 Laurler,Hyele VAN. SINCLAIR USERS GROUP, Tlmex4inclair, 2nd Fd, Kiliamey Comm. Ctr., Gerd Sreunung 9314509. Creek Centre. ORACLE USERS GROUP, 1065 W. Hasthgs 2754902 VANTARI• Box 3614 Main Post Olfice, Van., BC V68 Lawrence Clark - every 3rd Wed. af each alt. manlh 3YS. Judy Harcus 873-1941; Dan Hatch 4334055; PACIRC INFORMATION EXCHANGE, P.O. Box 67368, 2nd Wed., Hardings Comm. Ctr., 3096 E. Hasthgs. Staffan 0, Vancouver VSW3T1. VERSACAD USER GROUP, 2ndTues. Call CADD Sotuffans Inc., 6814686 for info. PORT COO. COMPUTERCLUB~ommodore, Amlga & IBM, 1st & 3rd Tues 7:30, Rm. 104, George WANG SYSTEM USERS,Kamn Turner643.7902.

6614048. COMPUTERUS¹IG EDUCATORS OF BC, Horlzcre 91 • B.C. UNIX USERS GROUP Dlmer Meetings.6814473. Friday, Nav SS and Sat, Nov 9S, Regency Ballrocxn, CHILL/WACK COMMODORE COMPUTER CLUB Hyatt Regency Hotel, Vancouver, Contact: Bob (C.C.C.C.) - 978, Supporting Cammodore Amlga, Lipschultz, 58&4002 vohe/fax. P.O. Box 413, Sardls, B.C. V2R 1A7. DATA PROCESSING MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, DPMA dinner meetings 4S Tuesday every monS, • s • Stanley Park Pavilion. Next meethg November 26S 05:30 p.m. P ETER WATSON, of Thomas AMIGA USERGROUP (PaNorAmA), BCIT, Rm 129-1A. International will be discussing Job Fit and Gen. Meethg 2nd Wed 7:30; Progmmmers 4S Wed Productivity. Contact Frances Dick«on or Suzette 7:30. Bill Wagstaff, 697-1746. Havens — 660-8668 to register or Gall Nhokr — 660APPLES B.C. COMPUTER SOCIETY. A User Group for 9533 for hformatlon. Machtosh, Apple II's and Uses. DESKTOP PUBLISHING USER GROUP — bimonthly Machtosh meetings are Se hst Tuesday In each monS meetings. For Information, call Karole Donar, 929at the Unitarian Church In Vancouver. Novice 4916. meetings and special Interest meetings are held mld- FORTH-BC meets 7:30, 1st Ttwrs/lnonS, Rm 1A424, monlh. Call Beth Gibson 261-8682 for Information. BCIT main bldg. Discussions, demonstrations and Apple 8 meethgs first Monday of each monS; Call AI Information for programming/applying FORTH Grout 521-8618 or Klyoshi Masuda 437-9935 for (hardware and software). Informaffcn. GREATER VICTORIAPERSONAL COMPUTER USERS' ARCHITECT USER GROUP (Macintosh). Call Glen ASSOC.,PO Box 5309, Staff on 8,Vhtort a VBR 6S4. Schlller ar Kal Gill, Byte Computers, 738.2181. General meeting last Wed. Also. special Interest ASTUTE — ATARI ST. Meets 1st Tues., 7:30 Hastings group meetings 3824934. Camm. Or. Dennis 4204710. INDEPENDENT COMPUTER CONSULTANTS ATARI USERSI Vantarl, P.O. Box 3614 Mah Post ONce, ASSOCIATION,Box 820, Staff an A,Van.•B.C.682Van.• B.C.• V68 3Y6. Bill Sulherland 988-1450, Dan 2747. Fax 925-1336. Hatch433-8055.Meets 2nd Wed., 7:30,Hastings KAYPRO USER GROUP/VANCOUVER PORTABLE Camm. Ctr.•3096 E. Hasthgs. COMPUTER CLUB, 3rd Man., at Kwantlen College BEAVER VALLEY COMMODORE CLUB, 1stTues., Richmond (DOS & CP/M) 271-1519. Mantrose Schaol Ubrary. Call Jahn Vhk 3874426. LABORATORY PC USER GROUP, Rm 2J38,BC B.C.INTERGRAPH USERS GROUP (BCIUG) Ouarterly Children's Hospital, Vancouver. 7:00 pm, every 2nd Meeting, B.C. Hydro Auditorium, 970 Burrard St., Wed. (except July 8 August) - 810/year 286-7999. Vancouver, December 3, 1991, 5:30-9:00 p.m. MACWEST COMPUTERSOCIETY, 2 monlhly meethgs Contact MSce Barnes 06634862 for hformaffon. for members, plus PD copy session. General Meetings - 2nd Wed.•Cantact: Phil Basil 8554274 or Edmund Hslah 5834799. 7:30 pm. MacWest New

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Classes held in Burneby end Vancouver Many other courses available from authorized • Save the fiie with t he d i r ectory and Commodore Dealers p rogram n am e r e q uired w i t h t h e Intro to the Amige C all 9424 3 6 4 Desktop Video/VIdeo Toaster C a l l 738- 7 877 extension . PIF. C Programming, Call 738- 7 877 • Increase the Memory Requirement by Deluxe Paint II, III, IV Call 738- 7 877 50KB at a time until the program will run First Onllno Support Sorvlooe without an error message or crashing. Novell Courses: Instructor: Mike Wolfe If you have tried to edit the PIFs and are Introduction to Networks 3 Hours, for Novices, Bash Overview, still not successful, go back to solution ¹1. Wednesdays $100 Get in touch with the software developer Network Administration and see if there is an upgrade available for 2 Days, Novell2.x & 3.x,includes Book $696 Call 669-3661 for more Information. the program. But if there is no upgrade available for the program, here is another alternative: ¹4. Invest in a Windows S.O program • 0

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Volume 9: Design Elements in a pseudo-metallic look, or other 3-D variation. Volumes 10 and 11 contain renditions of Image Club's earliest fonts, which range from useful headline fonts (there are about twenty good ones) to t o t ally hideous creations (another twenty or so) that might be useful where a completely unprofessional look is, uh, desirable. AH judgement as to their artistic merits aside, most of these fonts aren't technically constructed very well. Volume 12, "Headings, Mortices and Symbols' contains a lo t o f h e a dings constructed from the aforementioned fonts, as well as a collection of arrows and boxes, most of which are reasonably useful, if not

Volume 10: A Mec Plus from "Office & Entertainment." computer collection is lopsided in favor of Macs, LaserWriters and NeXT cubes,with very few PC products depicted. Volume I'7, "Universal Symbols," consists of a huge variety of icons (i.e., no smoking, wasbroom and traffic symbols, etc.,) in the usual simplified silhouette formats. The collection is extensive, with animals, (still more) arrows, astronomy and astrology, geology, h a n d forms, i n t e r n ational, mechanical, meteorology, photography, shapes, sports and recreation, and traffic control symbols. AH are drawn well. Volume 18, "Celebrity Caricatures," is drawn in the same cartoonish style that

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t ypifies the "Image Club L ook." T h e cartoons range from newspaper-quality (many of the illustrations look they were patterned after Vancouver Sun cartoonist Roy l e t erson's work), t o d o w n right obnoxious (DoHy Parton, Madonna). Volume 19 is a large selection of welldrawn silhouettes of people in everyday work and sports situations. Volume 20 is a departure. offering dozens of extremely nice background patterns (leaves, mountains, stars, grids and other, more waHpaper4ke designs), such as you might see behind an advertisement or as. the background for a poster. Good stuff. Volume 21 is definitely my favorite — a collection of completely "retro" fifties designs, featuring the absurd optimism that permeated American culture at that time. Completely stereotypical cartoon drawings just perfect fo r sa t i r ical p o s ters and propaganda materials. Anyone who recognizes good old smilin' Bob (Church of the Subgenius) Dobbs will want this CD for these gems alone. I mean, where else can you get a coHection with titles like "Chain Poppin' Hunk," "Dame on a Gun" and "Huge Profits ,More Money" ? Volume 22, "Business Cartoons," is back to the "Image Club Cartoon Look," but

•

Image Club cont.P ~ g o

•

these are much better than the earlier entries. Volume 25, "Borders fk Ornaments," is excellent, with pl e nty of great oldf ashioned or nate p ag e b o r ders an d ornaments. Very, very nice, and a splendid way to end the collection. In aH, volumes 16 and higher are great, and the earlier ones are not so great. The collection comes with a well-indexed catalog, with illustrations of each title, as well as a user's manual for the dip art retrieval software entitled "the Image Retriever," (which is not required for accessing or using the dip art, incidentally). I can safely recommend thiscollection, even if you don't like some — or even most — of it. There is sure to be plenty left over that you or your dients will like. 0

Late-breaking News At the Seybold Computer Publishing Exposition, Soft Logik Corp. (514/8948 608) announced that t hey ar e n o w preparing CD-ROMs for the Atari market. The first CD is to feature the EPS dip art from the Image Club Artroom collection. Soft Logik has been selling the Image Club EPS files on floppies, and now will offer aH twentywne volumes of the Image Club clip art on CD. Available in November, the suggested retail pridng on the Image Club CD Rom is $799.~.

Ill splr1llg.

Volume 13, "Food and Entertainment" contains mostly nice work, as does volume 14, "For Occasions,"with its holiday themes. Volume 15, "Lifestyles" also has the same "look" as those already mentioned — cartoonlike, but useable. Volume 16 " O f fice tt: Education," however, contains some great work, espedaHy in its finelywendered versions of computers and office items. As is typicalof many art collections created on a Mac, the

"Ornate Floral," one of manycomplex and beautiful borders on Volume23. Madonna, from Volume 18

"Road Scare," one of the goodies from Volume 21.

THE COMPUTER PAPER NOV '91 95

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Koyssn Compussr Scbrhes ....., ..... ....... 10

Cenaal Computer Smucc ................. . .. . 26

Msphfo Dednop Mspphg".'................. 29 MsctmdngSoludons ............................ 56

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AK hBccosyscams ......... . . . . . . . . . . . ... 14 Ahcfc Sysums ......... . . . .......... ....-. 95 Aadcew Ombsm ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 DscEssy Csnsds Iac.................. ........... 42 TXL Msasgcmcm ...... ......... . . . . . . . . . ,. 30

Scsoutucm Etscccaatcs ......

Compuur Empire ..-....-......................... "6~" Compeer Exchsagc ....................................... 99 Compuur Express ....-...........-...-..-..-- .54 Cmapuur hlobile R epair....-.......-..-..-..... 94

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Super Sofovsce .............................."28,98" DcshcopPublishing ScsnMssuc ...............-........... . .. . . . ...... 83, Power House Putrtisbiag ................-..-.......94 Tomonmv' • Ocspblcs ..........................,. 45 Western Imsgiag Systems Jnc...,.............. 63

Events

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Psciinc Rtm Show ...................,............ 27 Western Csasds Wildsmsss Ccmmi..... . . 90

Hardware ta Software

3D Miccesysums .... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 A a L Elecaonic ...................... . .. .. . 23 A+ Computer ...... ......... ................ ... 10 ABS Tcebnology .................,.....-...-..... 44 Ace-Tceb Campucem.................... . . ... 40 AE Blecaonics ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Attisace Business Cempumr ......... ... 20 ANT Technologies ...............-... - .57-$7 Aceu Compuccrs ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

P ricndlywue Computers .................... . . 2

Ptcjtuu C~ Gud

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....... . . . . . . . . ...... 8 hfoSpae Sysnms ........... . . . .. ...."38$2"

JautggsmSolmiaas ........... .............. 56

Inauasdensl PC Macha ............. . . . . . ... 66 JourcschHsnhrsce ......... . . . . . . . . . . .A T

BCD Sofcwcse Demlopecs ....... .. . . . . . . ..95 Bmmsll Syuems ......... ..-.. .......... .. .. 79 B uy&SeSPcem ......... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 9 3 Campus C ............ . . . "65,97,9$" Csasds Porubh Compeer .. ................ 7$

Khbs Campuac Sysnsus ..... . . . ..

scdb udog.

B .C. Liberal BBS ...... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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ncetwood Commualcedcucs .. ..... . . . . . 94

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C CuscamDscsbsm Sotuscms.. ....... . . ... 96 Cusccm Hacchvsce a Sefcwsm .... .. 95

Your Specialists ln Business Machine Supplies, • Laser Supplies

RTJ Oince Pmdcuu ............................ 96 Ssva Oa Lmar Servtcca hc .................... 36 Supsiar Lssw Supply .........,..........."7/t" Vhcs Laser ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."18,85"

Service lit Consulting Aag Advsnecd PC Servtcm ......... .

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Training Deshgids Pubgsbing ..-........... . . . . . . . . ... 92

Service

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M scsauhvhw Dscswcvbs ...... . .. . . . . . . . 26 NextssDi .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Online SystecnslBBS

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Oemiol Msrhedag ................ ......... ... 94

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Scsmlud Campuaonics .... . . . , .......... 11

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DovcrMiccoLaL .............................. 94

Netwo rking DPE Computers...

Sovo Compcuw Cease ....-............."tsc25"

cmp ucem..

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B TTJt Compusscs ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Tomonow's Gcspbtcs ............. . . . .. . . 75

PCSoft Incrsrcrmcb ......... ........... .... 79 Phme 1 Sysums ..............................23 Polyaeh Ccanmudcsdons .......................... 8 Pmsage ncacpdsmCcx .......... „.....,...... 64 Qby favell...... . .. . . . . . . . .. . .............. 9 R PC Compuur Etccccsatcu ......... . . . . . 9 8 Saber Sysaaas Iae....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 ScbcmsdctPCB CAD ....... .. . . . . . . .-..... 95 Scsnh Technology Iac.... . . -...-..-.. "35J7" Scsaix Technology Iae....... . .. .......... 35 Shawdme VtdsowsnCommaaicsdo ....... 94

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Shareware

AlsscoscivePem,Software ...... . .. ............ 94

Macintosh

Psdsc Dscswam Ceaccm ..-.-...;. ........49 Psdge RAM Dlsuibudon ......... . . ......... 29 PAL Syscuas ......................... . . . . . .. 76

P shesc Ccmpucam........... . . . .. .. "88,89" Fust Image Cheap .............................54

OCS ColourPowcrl .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Vtdon ~ mu ..- . . . . . . .........-...-.......- 71

Vusicy Computers ....,........ . . . . . . . . . . . 78 VccssdteCompucarpceducu ..-..... -.. 17 W esceossc Compucsu ......... . . . . ..... 19 W inpse SystemsJoc................-.. .........61

Miuh Csm Compuur Conscdum ........... 91 MedelDscaCCsnsds)Iac... ..... .. ........ 50 Nausea Sysums ..-....... . . . ........ . .. ..... 96 Ncw Tech ......................... . . . . . ....... 86 Nouwoccby Mudc.....,........................;.......47

Comma Mero ....-..-..—..-..-.......,...-....-. 94 David Noises / Dsa Psc ......... ......-....... 96 Dcppler Cempmer Comes ...................... 100 DPECcmpmus .............,.............. "4,8P'

Alphafhapldcs Pdauhops ........,.= . . ... 57 Keywmc Dsmswtccb ................,..........55

The Pdnc Connscdon ......... . . . . . — .. ... 59 Tbs Space Drawer ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..94

Menuh Sysums ......... ...............,........ 84 hgeco Drives ...............-....-.......-.....,...... 49 Miemorsm Sysums..-......-...........,............. 77

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98 THE COMPUTERPAPER NOV '91 ContissccdPose page 10

speaking here as a software developer of business solutions. I sympathize with those who can't justify throwing out their DOS and Windows apphcations in order to nm a superior operating system. What I am saying, is that it's not a shnple OS/2 versus Windows issue. With respect to OS/3 or Wins2/NT, or whatever it's being called today, even Microsoft has pointed out that this yet to be demonstrated environment is targeted at the high end RISC workstation and 486 SS mhz market. T h e y further add that 8 megabytes will be the minimum memory requirecL As for delivezy, gb/en Microsoft's track record, I would indeed be surprised to s ee this in second quarter ' l 2 , f u l l y debugged and operational. Why would I the developer and any other serious OS/2 user, want to drop what's available now, for some future intangible, which may or may not ever be delivered. I' ve seen OS/2 2.0 running Wlnapps, and I' ve seen the new 2.0 workplace shell that gives OS/2 Mac-like object oriented capalities. I'm more excited now about OS/2 than Fve everbeen. My hope is that 2.0 will allow users with DOS andVIFindows i nvestments t o f i n a ll y d i scover f o r themselves what the fuss is really all about. I think this is what is really worrying Steve Balhner of MicrosofL Yours truly,

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We sharcyour enthusiasm for OS/2' 2.0, and tkc advancedteoknobcgyit tsprsscnta. Howcucr, as thefeatures on worhzteticncsand Units poiat out,

peepk buyapplications, not opcretlngeystems.We

suspect that users will realize Windows' inadequaciesia the areas ycnc mentioned just about thc time that s moykctiag machine tdis them to. This issue'sfeature ertidez, wt hope,serr/e to illustrate hozu, when the going gets tough, the tough gut wothstotirms. Aswc start pumping cour kwgtr amounts fodata thyrncgh our medcines, wc beginto sccthc caves where1xCr, Mecrv ctc., don% measureup. Some users might scour need the pozuer o f a cuorkstation, but it s «ice to know cahot sas/ailsbre —asd suhy. As for what Mr. Belmcr's beta pnm&ing wc settogoisg to say thc something oa Page 54 of our hectiscua Did aayonc dsc soticer

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. .

QIRLkXSII)I

Oak 16 bit VG ADud (SggxSN) 258K ..., ...75 A TI Intsom 512K............. , , ..139 OENIATiWonder nomouse(1024x7N) 1$24K ..1N Tdcom16bltVQACard(1024x7NI 1824K .. = 17$ ATI VGA Wonder w/INouas(1024x758) 1024K. ..34$ ATI VGA Uhs 8514 (1024 xTN) 1$24K 759 .

. .

Trldant89N SVGAw/1024K =.

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.125

Novell Netwarev22 &user .................. .....SN Novell Nahwm vs 10-ussr ..... . 18N NevallNetwarev2.2 Sg.uaar .. . 3 333 NovsgNatwamvK2 1N.ussr . ... 524 9 NsvsSNalwarsv3.1120.uaar = . 32 N NavatlNetwarev3.111I&uaar .. .6875 NovellNetwarev3.11 25%uaar .. ................11N8 Ememtd RAPS25Inlsrnal 52SMBSCSI, Novell .. .32$$ EmamkfRIP525 Exhrnal525MB SCSI,Novsg .35N APC S20 ESf$20VA) UPS.... .4N APC450 AT(456VA) UPS ..3N Powsrahuhw/cable Novell .... ........... N .

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