“Greta”, the Whale Skeleton from the National Museum of Natural History in Santiago de Chile, Chile by Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

ISSN 0178-6288 https://palestine.academia.edu/NormanKhalaf https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs

================================ ‫ النشرة الفلسطينية لعلم األحياء‬: ‫الغزال‬ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Gazelle : Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin

================================ Monthly Bulletin – Volume 40 – Number 205 – January 2022 Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine

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Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

“Greta”, the Whale Skeleton from the National Museum of Natural History in Santiago de Chile, Chile By: Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa

‫حوت البالينا " جريتا " من المتحف الوطني التشيلي للتاريخ الطبيعي‬ ‫ تشيلي‬، ‫في سنتياغو دي تشيلي‬ ‫ نورمان (نُعمان) علي بسام علي طاهر ُمحمد أحمد أحمد ُمصطفى‬.‫ د‬.‫ الشريف أ‬: ‫بقلم‬ ‫عبدهللا ُمحمد خلف اليافاوي العيزري‬

“Greta”, the 18.5 meters long Holotype Skeleton of the Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) at the Chilean National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) in Santiago de Chile, Chile. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ballena_del_MNHN.jpg

"Greta" is the name of the whale skeleton found in the Central Hall of the Chilean National Museum of Natural History (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile) (MNHN) in Santiago de Chile, Chile. This cetacean – the holotype specimen of Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020 - is the symbol of the museum (the Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

skeleton is included in its logo) and one of the main pieces in its collection. In 2013 it was named "Greta" in honor of Dr. Grete Mostny Glaser (1914-1991), director of the museum between 1964 and 1982.

The logo of the Chilean National Museum of Natural History (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile) in Santiago de Chile, Chile. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Historia_Natural_de_Chile#/media/Arc hivo:Logo_MNHN_2011.jpg

History The MNHN whale stranded on the coast of Valparaíso, Chile in April 1889. On the 6th of that month, the mayor of Valparaíso, Ramón Sánchez, sent a telegram to the Minister of Justice, Worship and Public Instruction, indicating that, on behalf of the then Director of the MNHN, Rodulfo Amando Philippi Krumwiede (1808-1904), was processing the whale corpse that had washed up on the coast days before and that it was necessary to know if the expenses that the transfer of the cetacean to Santiago would be authorized. Finally, the transfer of the whale was made using a train to get to the capital (Santiago de Chile), and carts to transport the specimen from the Central Station of Santiago de Chile to the National Museum of Natural History. The transfer of the whale and its installation in the MNHN meant a series of modifications to the interior of the institution. First of all, new offices were available, in which the heads of the Zoology, Botany and Mineralogy sections could work. The great modifications in the museum facilities had to do with the preparation of the whale. According to Rodulfo Philippi in a report to the Minister of Justice, it was necessary to build a pool ten meters long, three meters wide and one meter deep, to macerate the Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

bones of the cetacean. Given the urgency demanded by the processing of the specimen, its transfer to the museum and the provision of spaces to work the skeleton, Philippi paid out of pocket for all the expenses that the process demanded. In this way, Philippi had to spend 416 pesos at the time to buy the whale, a first cleaning of the bones and the trip of a dissector to Valparaíso; then he had to pay 279 pesos, which correspond to the cost of the lime and brick pool that was set up in the museum. Treating the whale's skeleton was arduous and took years of work. The bones were washed and cleaned several times throughout six years, and demanded a cost of 133 pesos in personnel hired exclusively for this purpose. Only on March 13, 1895, was the assembly of the skeleton started in the Central Hall, the cost of which amounted to 1,500 pesos. This assembly ended seven years after the whale arrived at the MNHN, until it was located in the northern sector of the building's Central Hall. 85 years later, in 1980, it was moved to the southern sector of the same hall, a location that it maintains to this day. Among the curiosities that the history of the whale of the MNHN contains, one of them is that it was placed in the Central Hall to prevent dances and social events from taking place in it. The last event of this nature in the museum was held in 1876. In September of that year, the then Minister of Education Miguel Luis Amunátegui (1828-1888) wrote to Rodulfo Philippi requesting that he give the museum facilities for a party that took place on 7 October 1876 in honor of the Chilean President Federico Errázuriz Zañartu (1825-1877). In the following thirteen years, until the installation of the whale, no social events were recorded in the museum rooms.

Naturalistic drawing by Geraldine McKinnon of the MNHN Whale skeleton, 2010. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballena_Greta#/media/Archivo:Gretadibujo.jpg

Studies on the Identity The MNHN whale has been identified in various ways. At first it was identified as a Southern Right Whale (Balaena antarctica Lesson, 1828), and then it was thought that it was a Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus Linnaeus, 1758) specimen and later it was believed that the skeleton corresponded to a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus Linnaeus, 1758). Studies on the renovated skeleton in 2012-2013 have concluded that the skeleton corresponds to a specimen of the Southern Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis schlegelii Flower, 1865) or Northern Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus physalus Linnaeus, 1758). Recently, in June 2020, it was identified as the holotype specimen of the Chilean Blue Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) by the Palestinian-German Zoologist Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa. The first identification of the whale was made by Rodulfo Philippi himself in 1889, who named it Balaena antarctica (Southern Right Whale). The belief that the MNHN whale was a blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) prevailed for decades, until in 1980 the biologist Walter Sielfeld - while preparing his book Marine Mammals of Chile reviewed the specimen and concluded that the misidentified skeleton did not belong to that species. Sielfeld concluded this after realizing that the general shape of the whale's face and palate bones did not correspond to a blue whale. This was confirmed by the Dutch biologist Koen Van Waerebeek, so it was necessary to correct the identification, which occurred in 2000 by José Yáñez, former Scientific Chief and current senior curator of the MNHN, and the biologist specialized in cetaceans Gian Paolo Sanino, who verified the error of identifying the skeleton as one of the blue whale, and re-identified it as one of the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). Yáñez himself points out that the difficulty in correctly identifying the whale lies in the fact that during its original assembly, which was carried out between 1889 and 1896, plaster was used, which covered various parts of the cetacean anatomy.

“Greta”, the 18.5 meters long Holotype Skeleton of the Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) at the Chilean National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) in Santiago de Chile, Chile. https://adventureswithinreach.com/travel/2018/01/29/familytravel-kids-santiago-chile/

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

“Greta”, the 18.5 meters long Holotype Skeleton of the Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) at the Chilean National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) in Santiago de Chile, Chile. https://www.mnhn.gob.cl/613/w3-article-5062.html?_noredirect=1 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

One fact about the use of gypsum in the MNHN whale is that, of the 18.5 meters long that the whale had before its renovation in 2013, 2.6 meters were gypsum distributed among the vertebrae. By subtracting the plaster used on the whale, a length of 15.9 meters is obtained from the specimen, similar to the 15 meters recorded in the measurement made by Philippi in 1889. The identification of the specimen as Balaenoptera borealis, was carried out from the dismantling and renovation works of the skeleton, which were carried out between November 2012 and August 2013. José Yáñez, Gian Paolo Sanino and Jhoann Canto, curator of the museum's Vertebrate Area, participated in the search for the whale's taxonomic background. The investigation ruled out that the skeleton corresponds to a fin whale, thanks to the analysis of its mandibular branch. The classification as a fin whale was established by Yáñez and Sanino themselves in 2000. However, in the publication of the research results in the MNHN Bulletin in 2012, the researchers point out that this categorization is also not definitive and that it should be complemented in the future with molecular and craniometric diagnoses: “Based on the information that has emerged about the MNHN specimen, supported by the intervertebral space analysis, the correction of the relative osteometry analysis and the series of complementary criteria incorporated by this contribution: anatomical elements present in the mandibular branch; in the form of the vomer and the basioccipital and finally in some characteristics exhibited by the tympanic bull, it follows that the taxonomic identity of the whale of the National Museum of Natural History corresponds most likely to the species Balaenoptera borealis ”. Recently, in June 2020, the MNHN skeleton was identified as the holotype specimen of the Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) by the PalestinianGerman Zoologist Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, after studying the Chilean blue whale subspecies, which was substantially different from Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia Burmeister, 1871) and pygmy blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda Ichihara, 1966), and was identified as a distinct subspecies.

Skeleton renovation The dismantling and renovation work of the whale also allowed the skeleton to be arranged anatomically correct, in addition to carrying out restoration and conservation treatments on all the material of the skeleton. The works concluded that the cetacean's bones are 15.9 meters long, while the original arrangement (with the skeleton in a horizontal position) was 18.5 meters in length. All the renovation work was carried out by a multidisciplinary team, which, among other tasks, cleaned and repaired 57 vertebrae of the animal. In total, 185 bone pieces were cleaned and renovated, as well as the manufacture of missing structures. The spirit that governed the work of renovating the whale's skeleton is that of minimal intervention and reversibility of the treatments

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

applied. In addition, the work was carried out in the museum's Central Hall, so it could be appreciated first-hand by visitors.

Until before this renovation, the whale's skeleton presented a series of problems, such as bone loss, fragility of the pieces due to wear of oils, dirt, traces of previous interventions and also due to the effects of earthquakes, in which They used various elements such as wooden dowels, dental plaster and a long piece of metal that held the whale's vertebrae together. The work also served to obtain more precise information on the animal's morphology, modify its posture and also to guarantee its preservation. The new assembly considered biological and aesthetic aspects. The position and structure of the skeleton must have accounted for its anatomy, and the bones were arranged on stainless steel supports.

"Greta", the whale of the MNHN In 2013, on the occasion of the end of the skeleton renovation work, the museum held a contest to baptize its institutional icon. The contest was intended for children and young people between 4 and 17 years old to participate with their proposals to name Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

the cetacean. Finally, the jury in charge of deciding the winner unanimously chose the name "Greta", proposed by a six-year-old boy, Martín Contreras, who chose this name to pay tribute to Dr. Grete Mostny Glaser, the director of the MNHN between 1964 and 1982.

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Khalaf, Norman (1982). A’maar Al-Haywanat (Animal Ages). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 18, Third Year, First Semester, Saturday 6.11.1982. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 7. (in Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1987). Blue Whales (Balaenoptera musculus) from the State of Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. RilchingenHanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 14, Fifth Year, Shawal 1407 AH, June 1987 AD. pp. 1-14. (In English and German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). The Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 26, Tenth Year, January 1992. pp. 1-3. (In English and German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Gazelle. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 30, Tenth Year, October 1992. pp. 1-7. (in Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan (June) 1994. pp. 16-21. (in Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (Gründer) (seit Juni 2001). Wale und Delphine Club Yahoo Group. https://de.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Wale_und_Delphine/info Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004 / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-014121-9. Erste Auflage, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten. Zweite erweiterte Auflage, August 2004: 460 Seiten. Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/& eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59405994/book-gazelle-thepalestinian-biological-bulletin-a-scientific-journey-in-palestine-arabia-and-europebetween-1983-2004-by-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2004 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Blue Whales (Balaenoptera musculus) from the State of Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. In: Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004 / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-014121-9. Erste Auflage, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten. Zweite erweiterte Auflage, August 2004: 460 Seiten. pp. 113-126. (In English and German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). The Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. In: Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004 / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-014121-9. Erste Auflage, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten. Zweite erweiterte Auflage, August 2004: 460 Seiten. pp. 209-212. (In English and German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Die Wal Sonderausstellung "Delphinidae Delphionidae" und "Kleinwale in Nord- und Ostsee" im Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. BonnBad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 35, Twenty-second Year, September 2004. pp. 1. (In German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Der Schweinswal (Phocoena phocoena) in der Nordund Ostsee ... The Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 36, Twenty-second Year, October 2004. pp. 1-7. (In German and English). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Thema des Tages (5. Januar 2005): In See gespülter Indopazifischer Buckeldelfin (Sousa chinensis) in Thailand nach Tagen gerettet. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 37, Twentythird Year, January 2005. pp. 1-3. (In German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Story of Prophet Yunus (Jonah) and the Whale. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 38, Twenty-third Year, February 2005. pp. 9-13. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Jaffa (Yaffa): The History of an Old Palestinian Arab City on the Mediterranean Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 39, Twenty-third Year, March 2005. pp. 7-8. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Andromeda Sea Monster of Jaffa. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 39, Twentythird Year, March 2005. pp. 8. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005. / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 3-00-014835-3. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/aquaticaarabica.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59407769/book-aquatica-arabica-anaquatic-scientific-journey-in-palestine-arabia-and-europe-between-1980-2005-bynorman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2005 & eBook: https://joom.ag/nN6L Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Blue Whales (Balaenoptera musculus) from the State of Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. In: Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005. / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 3-00-014835-3. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. pp. 95-108. (in English and German). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. In: Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005. / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 3-00-014835-3. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. pp. 170-173. (In English and German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Die Wal Sonderausstellung "Delphinidae Delphionidae" und "Kleinwale in Nord- und Ostsee" im Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. In: Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005. / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 2005. ISBN 3-00-014835-3. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. pp. 177-178. (In German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Der Schweinswal (Phocoena phocoena) in der Nordund Ostsee ... The Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. In: Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005. / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 3-00-014835-3. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. pp. 179-186. (In German and English). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Thema des Tages (5. Januar 2005): In See gespülter Indopazifischer Buckeldelfin (Sousa chinensis) in Thailand nach Tagen gerettet. In: Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005. / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 3-00-014835-3. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. pp. 187-190. (In German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Story of Prophet Yunus (Jonah) and the Whale. In: Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005. / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 3-00-014835-3. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. pp. 200-204. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Andromeda Sea Monster of Jaffa. In: Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 2005. / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 3-00-014835-3. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. pp. 216. Khalaf, Norman Ali (2005, 2006, 2007). Chapter 3: Geography, Flora and Fauna. Pages 32-39.in: Palestine: A Guide. By Mariam Shahin, Photography by George Azar. CoAuthor: Norman Ali Khalaf. Northampton, Massachusetts: Interlink Publishing Group, 2005, 2006, 2007. xi + 471 pages. Appendices to page 500. http://ipsnewsite.mysite4now.com/journals.aspx?id=7323&jid=1&href=fulltext Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). A Bryde’s Whale (Balaenoptera edeni) Stranding on Al Mamzar Beach, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 50. February 2006. pp. 1-5. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

https://de.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Quastenflosser/conversations/messages/ 22 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine / Die Säugetiere Palästinas. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 55, Twenty-fourth Year, July 2006, Jumada Al-Thania 1427. Pp. 1-46. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, RilchingenHanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://dr-norman-alikhalaf-books.webs.com/mammaliaarabica.htm & eBook (Google Drive): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mjzf_I_b8wTX_BHd1RsuU4ykhJlIKW2/view?usp=sharing Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). Blue Whales (Balaenoptera musculus) from the State of Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. pp. 78-91. (In English and German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). The Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. pp. 139-142. (In English and German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). Die Wal Sonderausstellung "Delphinidae Delphionidae" und "Kleinwale in Nord- und Ostsee" im Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. pp. 152-153. (In German). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). Der Schweinswal (Phocoena phocoena) in der Nordund Ostsee ... The Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. pp. 154-161. (In German and English). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). Thema des Tages (5. Januar 2005): In See gespülter Indopazifischer Buckeldelfin (Sousa chinensis) in Thailand nach Tagen gerettet. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. pp. 162-165. (In German). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). The Story of Prophet Yunus (Jonah) and the Whale. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. pp. 167-171. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). The Andromeda Sea Monster of Jaffa. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. pp. 174. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). A Bryde’s Whale (Balaenoptera edeni) Stranding on Al Mamzar Beach, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. pp. 200-205. Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Felidae Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2007 / Felidae Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2007. ISBN 978-3-00-019568-6. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli (July) 2007, 300 pp. SelfPublisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (in Arabic, German and English). Doctoral Dissertation. Ashwood University, USA. Doctor of Science Degree in Zoology (Summa Cumm Laude) on 26.09.2007. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/felidaearabica.htm & Doctoral Dissertation eBook : https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59397999/doctorate-dissertationfelidae-arabica-by-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-doctor-of-science-ashwood-universityusa-2007 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (Gründer) (seit September 2007). Yahoo! Deutschland Group: Fauna Arabica. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Arabica/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Haywanat Filistin (Fauna of Palestine). In: Wikipedia-Arabic, Al-Mawsu'a Al-Hurra (The Free Encyclopedia). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 69, September 2007, Sha’ban 1428 AH. pp. 1-4. (Article in Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7 %D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). Cetacea Palaestina: The Whales and Dolphins in Palestinian Waters. Cetacean Species Guide for Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 83, November 2008, Thu Al-Qi’ada 1429 AH. pp. 1-14. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://cetaceapalaestina.webs.com/& https://de.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Wale_und_Delphine/conversations/mess ages/329 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/59498633/fauna-palaestina-1-bookby-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-2009 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2010). Fauna Emiratus - Part One. Zoological Studies in the United Arab Emirates between 2004 - 2009. / Fauna Emiratus – Teil Eins. Zoologische Studien in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zwischen 2004 - 2009. ISBN 978-9948-15-462-4. Erste Auflage/First Edition, November 2010: 350 Seiten / Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunaemiratuspart1.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/59546804/fauna-emiratuspart-1-zoological-studies-in-the-united-arab-emirates-between-2004-2009-by-drnorman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-2010 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2012). Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus Lilljeborg, 1861) sighted off the Mediterranean Coast of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 100, January 2012. pp. 1-6. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Palaestina/message/90 & http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Wale_und_Delphine/message/344 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (25.05.2012). Dead Whale floating in the waters of Umm Al Quwain, UAE on 28.12.2007. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLhpJU6a62U Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (25.05.2012). Dead Whale floating off Umm Al Quwain, UAE on 28.12.2007. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8Fyw69Y6-A Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012). Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition : July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H.208 Seiten / Pages (Arabic Part 120 Pages and the English Part 88 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59602956/fauna-palaestina-part-2Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2012 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H.364 Seiten / Pages (English / German Part 350 Pages and the Arabic Part 14 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart3.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/62740914/fauna-palaestina-part-3year-2013-by-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-isbn-978-9950-383-35-7 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Cetacea Palaestina: The Whales and Dolphins in Palestinian Waters. Cetacean Species Guide for Palestine. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 9789950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. pp. 221-239. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus Lilljeborg, 1861) sighted off the Mediterranean Coast of Palestine. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. pp. 241-247. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). The Story of Prophet Yunus (Jonah) (Peace Be Upon Him) and the Whale. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. pp. 249-255. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). The Andromeda Sea Monster of Jaffa. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. pp. 257-258. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014). Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 456 (English part 378 pages and Arabic part 78 pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-part1.webs.com/faunapalaestina4.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/fr/document/view/62741122/book-fauna-palaestina-4year-2014-by-prof-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-isbn-978-9950-383-77-7 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2014). Dinasurat Al Quds (Dinosaurs of Jerusalem). Dialogue with Prof. Dr. Norman Khalafvon Jaffa. National Geographic Arabiya Magazine (October 2014, Pages 52--53). https://www.flickr.com/photos/50022881@N00/15412670595 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2014). A Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) Stranding on Failaka Island, State of Kuwait. Gazelle - The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178-6288). Number 119. November 2014. pp. 1-13. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://animals-of-kuwait.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015). Plants and Animals unique to Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 125, May 2015. pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine-2.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2015). Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Fünf. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2016. ISBN 978-9950-383-92-0. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. 448 pp. (English Part 304 Pages and the Arabic Part 144 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-books.webs.com/ & eBook (Google Drive): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C9Vo6oBn4AAYB7XnpeIGgEXgOBZFzar6/view?us p=sharing Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015). The 24meters Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Skeleton at the Educational Science Museum in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 6288. Number 128, August 2015, pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://animals-of-kuwait.webs.com/blue-whale-skeleton Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015). The Umm Al-Maradem Island Whale Skeleton at the Educational Science Museum in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 6288. Number 130, October 2015, pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://animals-of-kuwait.webs.com/umm-al-maradem-whale Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2016). A Scientific Visit to Wadi El-Hitan (Whales Valley), Al-Fayyum, Al-Sahraa Al-Gharbiah (Western Desert), Egypt. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Number 134, February 2016, pp. 1-44. Sharjah and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. http://cetacea.webs.com/wadi-el-hitan Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2016). Whale Bone Remains at the Diving Village, Heritage Village, Dubai, United Arab Emirates and a Note on the Whales and Dolphins in the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Number 141, September 2016, pp. 1-19. Sharjah and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. http://cetacea.webs.com/whale-bonesdubai Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2016). Haywanat Falastin (Fauna of Palestine) ‫ حيوانات فلسطين‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 144, December 2016, pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (In Arabic). http://animals-of-palestine-2.webs.com/fauna-ofpalestine-arabic Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (2017). Whale vertebra from a stranded Whale in 1965 on the beach of Qidfa Village, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 153, September 2017, pp. 1-6. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://cetacea.webs.com/whale-vertebrae-qidfa-uae Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam (September 2017). YouTube : Whale Skeletons at Muscat Natural History Museum, Oman. https://youtu.be/O_fSJdG0dfc Khalaf, Norman Ali (17.10.2017). First record of a mother Arabian Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae indica) with juvenile in the Sea of Dubai-Jumeirah. Photos taken from a video published by UAE Dolphin Project. Facebook. https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10155685010874831&id=560519830&hc_ location=ufi Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (November 2017). First Sighting Record of the Arabian Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae indica Gervais, 1883) in the Sea of Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Arabian Gulf. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 155, November 2017, pp. 16-50. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. http://marine-life-uae2.webs.com/arabian-humpback-whale Khalaf, Norman Ali (22.11.2017). Whale Vertebra at Fujairah Museum. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/media_set?set=a.10155793851074831 .1073742049.560519830&type=3&pnref=story Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (2018). Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758) Skeleton at the Natural History Museum in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 165, September 2018, pp. 1-31. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine.http://cetacea.webs.com/ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (2018). A Whale Vertebra at Fujairah Museum, Fujairah City, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 166, October 2018, pp. 1-11. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. http://cetacea2.webs.com/whale-vertebra-fujairah Khalaf, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (Abu Nora) (2018). The Family of Sharif Hajji Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Khalaf (Abu Othman). A Pictorial History Book of a Palestinian Family from Jaffa in the Twentieth Century. ISBN 978-9950-974-40-1. First Edition, October 2018, Safar 1440 Hijri. 120 pp. In Arabic. Publisher: Prof. Dr. Norman Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and media, National Research Center, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://family-taherkhalaf.webs.com/ & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/62242473/book-family-taher-khalaf2018 Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (2018). A 27-meters dead Great Indian Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus indica Blyth, 1859) washes ashore at Khorfakkan Port, Khorfakkan, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 167, November 2018, pp. 1-21. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. http://cetacea-2.webs.com/ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (December 2018). Cetacean Skeletons at the Whale Hall in the Natural History Museum in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 168, December 2018, pp. 1-29. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. http://cetacea-2.webs.com/cetacean-skeletons-muscat & https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341725306_Cetacean_Skeletons_at_the_Wh ale_Hall_in_the_Natural_History_Museum_in_Muscat_Sultanate_of_Oman Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (July 2019). Cetacean Skeletons at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) in Paris, France. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 37, Number 175, July 2019, pp. 1-31. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://cetacea-2.webs.com/cetacean-skeletons-paris & https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341755009_Cetacean_Skeletons_at_the_Mu seum_national_d'histoire_naturelle_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_in_Paris_F rance Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (December 2019). Whales from the Gaza Strip, Sea of Gaza, State of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 37, Number 180, December 2019, pp. 1-17. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://cetacea-3.webs.com/ & https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341725468_Whales_from_the_Gaza_Strip_ Sea_of_Gaza_State_of_Palestine Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (May 2020). The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020): A New Subspecies from Chile. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 38, Number 185, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

01 May 2020, pp. 40-63. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstracts). https://cetacea4.webs.com/chilean-blue-whale & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/chilean_blue_whale & https://www.academia.edu/42986554/The_Chilean_Blue_Whale_Balaenoptera_musc ulus_chilensis_Khalaf_2020_A_New_Subspecies_from_Chile & https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/63406691/the-chilean-blue-whalebalaenoptera-musculus-chilensis-khalaf-2020-a-new-subspecies-from-chile & https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341709921_The_Chilean_Blue_Whale_Bala enoptera_musculus_chilensis_Khalaf_2020_A_New_Subspecies_from_Chile Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (May 2020). Taxon Profile: Subspecies Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020. BioLib. https://www.biolib.cz/en/adtaxon/id457998/ Khalaf, Norman A. B. (May 2020). The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020): A New Subspecies from Chile. References. ZooBank. http://zoobank.org/References/a0d7141d-40fa-42c3-8af9-dac1b7b10d80 Khalaf, Norman Ali (18.05.2020). Grey Whale splashing out of water at Dubai Mall fountain !!!. Whale in Dubai Mall Fountain. UAE News. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/103730864653539/videos/1166242913730970/UzpfSTU2M DUxOTgzMDoxMDE1ODIyNDA0MTIzNDgzMQ/ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (August 2021). First Record of the Killer Whale (Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758) off the Coasts of Akka (Acre) and Nahariya, Northern Occupied Palestine, and Beirut, Lebanon. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 200, August 2021, pp. 1-17. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstract). https://cetacea-3.webs.com/killer-whale-palestine Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (September 2021). A Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821) stranding on Khan Yunis Shore, Southern Gaza Strip, State of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 201, September 2021, pp. 1-21. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstract). https://cetacea-3.webs.com/dolphin-khan-yunis & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs/dolphin_khan_yunis_gaza Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (October 2021). First Record of the Northern Indian Ocean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus indica Blyth, 1859) in Palestinian Waters, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 202, October 2021, pp. 1-27. Published Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstract). https://cetacea-3.webs.com/blue-whale-palestine & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs/blue_whale_palestine Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (November 2021). The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 203, November 2021, pp. 1-45. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstracts). https://cetacea4.webs.com/blue-whale-chilensis & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/chilean_blue_whale_b_m_chilensis & https://www.academia.edu/43103126/The_Chilean_Blue_Whale_Balaenoptera_musc ulus_chilensis_Khalaf_2020_ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (December 2021). The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) from Chile and the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. ‫) من تشيلي‬2020 ، ‫ال ُحوت األزرق التشيلي (بالينوبترا ُموسكيولوس تشيلنسيس خلف‬ ‫ و ُجنوب شرق ال ُمحيط الهادي‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 204, December 2021, pp. 1-32. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (In Arabic and English, with Arabic and English Abstracts). https://cetacea-4.webs.com/blue-whale-chile & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs/chilean_blue_whale_from_chile_arabic &https://www.academia.edu/43212896/The_Chilean_Blue_Whale_Balaenoptera_mus culus_chilensis_Khalaf_2020_from_Chile_and_the_Southeastern_Pacific_Ocean Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (Dezember 2021). Der Chilenischer Blauwal (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) / The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) / ‫ال ُحوت األزرق التشيلي (بالينوبترا ُموسكيولوس‬ )2020 ، ‫ تشيلنسيس خلف‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume (Band) 39, Nummer 204, Dezember 2021, Seiten(S) pp. 34-70. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (In German, English and Arabic and with German, English and Arabic Abstracts). https://cetacea4.webs.com/ & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs/chilenischer_blauwal Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (January 2022). “Greta”, the Whale Skeleton from the National Museum of Natural History in Santiago de Chile, Chile. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume (Band) 40, Number 205, January 2022, Seiten(S) pp. 1-34. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 205 – January 2022

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Illustration of a Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) body and skeleton. By Andrey Oleynik. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/vector-engraving-illustration-highly-detailedhand-328790090

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