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ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ
ISSN 0178-6288 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Norman_KhalafPrinz_Sakerfalke_Von_Jaffa/publications https://palestine.academia.edu/NormanKhalaf https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs
============================= اﻟﻨﺸﺮة اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﯿﺎء: اﻟﻐﺰال
Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Gazelle : Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin
============================= Monthly Bulletin – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine
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Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ُ ، ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُ ) اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل( ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد، آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ، ﻏﺮﯾﺮاء اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ِ اﻟﺸﺎم واﻟ ِﻌﺮاق و
The Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis Schreber, 1776) in the Levant, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula
ﻧﻮرﻣﺎن )ﻧﻌﻤﺎن( ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺎم ﻋﻠﻲ طﺎھﺮ ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﯿﺎﻓﺎوي اﻟﻌﯿﺰري. د. اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻒ أ: ﺑﻘﻠﻢ
By: Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa
A Persian Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) at the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo, Al-Malha, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Palestine. Photo by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalafvon Jaffa. 02 August 2013. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10152773143849831&set=a.127745184830 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ُﻤﻠخص :
ﺳﻼﻻت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن .ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺸﺎم واﻟ ِﻌﺮاق و ِ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ُ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ) (Mellivora capensis wilsoniﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺸﺎم )ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ،اﻷردن ،ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ،ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ( ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ،ﻟﺒﻨﺎن( واﻟ ِﻌﺮاق وﺷﻤﺎل ِ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ُ " ، ھﻨﺎك ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ " ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮاء اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" " ،آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ، "اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ" " ،ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو "ﺿﺮﻣﺒﻮل" .وﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ) Mellivora capensis (pumilioﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )اﻟﯿﻤﻦ ،ﻋُﻤﺎن ،ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ( ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﺷﻌﺒﯿﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﺑﺎن" أو "ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر" ،وﻓﻲ ﻋُﻤﺎن ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﮭﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﮭﻨﺪي "ﺟﺮﺑﻮع اﻟﺨﻮال" وﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﻛُﻮر" .أﻣﺎ اﻟ ُ ) (Mellivora capensis indicaواﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ .
Abstract: Three subspecies of the Ratel or Honey Badger
(Mellivora capensis Schreber, 1776) lives in the Levant, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. The Persian Ratel (Mellivora capensis wilsoni Cheesman, 1920) lives in the Levant (Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon), Iraq, and the northern Arabian Peninsula (Kuwait, northern Saudi Arabia). The second race is the Arabian Ratel (Mellivora capensis pumilio Pocock, 1946) which lives in the southern Arabian Peninsula (Yemen, Oman, southern Saudi Arabia); and the third race is the Indian Ratel (Mellivora capensis indica Kerr, 1792) which lives in Central Arabia.
اﻹﺳﻢ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻮع :ﻣﻠﯿﻔﻮرا ﻛﺎﺑﻨﺴﯿﺲ )آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ( ) Mellivora capensis (Schreber, 1776ﺷﺮﯾﺒﺮ. 1776 ،
اﻹﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان :اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أو ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ . ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُ ، اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ُ : ﻏﺮﯾﺮاء اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ،آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ) Honey Badger, . (Ratel ﻀﺮﺑﺎن ،ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل ،ﺿﺮﻣﺒﻮل ،ظﺮﻧﺒﻮل ،ذرﻧﺒﻮل ،اﻟﻜﺮطﮫ ،اﻟﻘﺮطﺔ ،أﺑﻮ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻣﯿﺔ :اﻟ ُ ﻛﻌﺐ ،اﻟﻤﺴﺎره ،رﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ،ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ،ﺣﻔﺎر اﻟﻘﺒﻮر )ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ،
ُﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻢ :
ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻢ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻘﺪ أﺷﺘﻖ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ) (melﻻﺗﯿﻨﯿﺔ ،واﻟ ُﻤﻀﺎف ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ھﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ) (mellisواﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ "اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ؛ أﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ) (voroاﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﺘﻌﻨﻲ "أﻧﺎ آﻛﻞ أو أﻟﺘﮭﻢ" .وﺑﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺎ ً ﻓﺈن ) (Mellivoraﺗﻌﻨﻲ "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ،وذﻟﻚ ﻷن أﺣﺪ اﻷطﻌﻤﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ھﻮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ .أﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ) (capensisﻓﻘﺪ أﺷﺘﻘﺖ ﻣﻦ "رأس اﻟﺮﺟﺎء اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ" أو ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ "رأس اﻷﻗﻠﯿﻢ" وھﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻢ وﺻﻔﮭﺎ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﻮھﺎن ﻛﺮﯾﺴﺘﯿﺎن داﻧﯿﯿﻞ ﻓﻮن ﺷﺮﯾﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم . 1776أﻣﺎ اﻹﺳﻢ ) (Ratelﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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أﺻﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﮭﻮﻟﻨﺪﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ واﻟ ُﻤﺮﺟﺢ أﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ) (raatاﻟﮭﻮﻟﻨﺪﯾﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﺮص اﻟﻌﺴﻞ )ﺧﻠﻒ .(2023a ، 2006 f ، 2004b ، 1983c
ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ "اﻟﻌﺮﺳﯿﺎت" ) (Mustelidaeج .ﻓﯿﺸﺮ ﻓﻮن واﻟﺪھﺎﯾﻢ 1817 ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ) (Mellivorinaeﺟﺮاي 1865 ، ﺟﻨﺲ " آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ) (Mellivoraﺳﺘﻮر 1780 ، ﻧﻮع " آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ" ) (Mellivora capensisﺷﺮﯾﺒﺮ 1776 ،
A taxidermied Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) from Palestine at the Museum of Natural History in the German Colony in Al-Talbiya Suburb, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Palestine. Photo by Daoud Al-Hali. 09.07.2019. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=2279824478738941&set=a.384053654982709
وﺻﻒ ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ) آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ( )(Mellivora ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ﯾُﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﺟﻨﺲ "اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ" ) (Melesﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ،ﺣﯿﺚ أن
أﺟﺴﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺒُﻨﯿﺎن ،ذات أطﺮاف ﻗﺼﯿﺮة وذﯾﻞ ﻗﺼﯿﺮ ،وإھﺎب ﺧﺸﻦ ،وﻟﮭﺎ أرﺟﻞ ﺣﻔﺎرة أﺧﻤﺼﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺮ )) (Plantigradeﺗﻤﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎطﻦ اﻟﻘﺪم وﻗﺪ ﻣﺲ ﻋﻘﺒﮭﺎ اﻷرض ﻛﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎن واﻟﺪُب( . أﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻷرﺟﻞ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ُﻣﺰودة ﺑﻤﺨﺎﻟﺐ طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﻗﻮﯾﺔ .اﻟﺨﻄﻢ )) (muzzleأﻧﻒ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان وﻓﻜﺎه اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺌﺎن( أﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻼﻟﺔ )ﻏﯿﺮ ﺣﺎدة( ،واﻷُﻧﯿﻒ ﻏﯿﺮ ُﻣﺘﺤﻮر ﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ .اﻷذﻧﯿﻦ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺟﺪا ً وﻏﯿﺮ واﺿﺤﺔ ،وﻛﻞ ﺻﯿﻮان ﯾُﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﻨﺘﻮء ﺛﺨﯿﻦ .وإن طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻟﻮﻧ ِﮫ اﻟ ُﻤﻤﯿﺰة ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ "اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ" Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻻﻓﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ .ﻓﻜﻞ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﻲ ذات ﻟﻮن أﺳﻮد ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮف اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ،واﻷطﺮاف اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ،واﻟﺨﻄﻢ ،واﻟﻮﺟﮫ ُﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ً اﻟﻌﯿﻨﯿﻦ ؛ أﻣﺎ ﺗﺎج )أﻋﻠﻰ( اﻟﺮأس واﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻈﮭﺮي ﻟﻠﺮﻗﺒﺔ واﻟﺠﺴﻢ ،واﻟﺠﺰء اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻓﮭﻲ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ذات ﻟﻮن أﺑﯿﺾ أو أﺑﯿﺾ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﻣﺎدي .اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻈﮭﺮي )اﻟﺴﺮج( ) (saddleاﻷﺑﯿﺾ واﺿﺢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎد ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺳﻮد .اﻟﻮﺳﺎدة اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ ﻟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺪم )ﻟﺒﺪ اﻟﻘﺪم( ) (posterior palmar padﻛﺒﺮت ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ً ،وھﻲ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺳﺎدة اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺪم ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أﺧﺪود ﺿﯿﻖ .اﻟﻮﺳﺎدﺗﺎن اﻟﻮظﻔﯿﺘﺎن )) (metatarsal padsوظﻔﻲ ذات ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻤﺸﻂ اﻟﻘﺪم( ُﻣﻨﺪﻣﺠﺘﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ،وھﻲ ذات ﺷﻜﻞ وﺳﺎدي .وإن اﻟﻜﯿﺲ اﻟﻐُﺪي اﻟﺘﺤﺖ ذﯾﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ "اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ" ) (Melesﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ) ، (Mellivoraوﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻐُﺪد اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة وﺗُﻨﺘﺞ إﻓﺮاز ﻛﺮﯾﮫ ُﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﻐﺜﯿﺎن )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
Persian Honey Badgers (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) at the Biblical Zoological Garden in Al-Malha, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Palestine. https://zooinstitutes.com/animals/persianhoney-badger-biblical-zoological-garden-2313.html
ُﺟﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ﺟﻨﺲ "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰھﺎ ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ُﺟﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ﺟﻨﺲ "اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ" ﺑﺄن ﻟﮭﺎ ﺧﻄﻢ ) (rostrumوﺣﻨﻚ ) (palateﻗﺼﯿﺮﯾﻦ وﻋﺮﯾﻀﯿﻦ ،وأن ﻟﮭﺎ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺤﺠﺮي ﺻﻐﯿﺮ .و ُﺟﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ﺟﻨﺲ "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ﺗﺸﺎﺑﮫ ُﺟﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ "إﺑﻦ ﻋﺮس" ) (Mustelinaeﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﮫ ُﺟﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ "اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ" ) ، (Melinaeوﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﺪاري اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮي ) (paroccipitalواﻟﺰواﺋﺪ اﻟﺨﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ ) (mastoid processesظﺎھﺮﺗﯿﻦ ،واﻟﺰواﺋﺪ اﻟﺨﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻣﻀﻐﻮطﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﯿﺔ .اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻼﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة ھﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻀﺨﻤﺎ ً ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ "اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ" ،وإن ﻓﺠﻮاﺗﮭﺎ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻒ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺰواﺋﺪ اﻟﺨﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﺘﻀﺨﻤﺔ .وإن طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ً ﻋﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ "اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ" ﻓﮭﻲ ذات ﻧﻤﻂ ﺣﺎد و ُﻣﻔﺘﺮس ،وأﺳﻨﺎﻧﮭﺎ ﺗ ُﺸﺎﺑﮫ أﺳﻨﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ "إﺑﻦ ﻋﺮس" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ واﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ؛ ھﺬا وإن اﻟﻄﺎﺣﻦ اﻟﻌُﻠﻮي ﺻﻐﯿﺮ وﯾُﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻣﺜﯿﻠﮫُ ﺴﻔﻠﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﺎدة ،وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾُﻘﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ "إﺑﻦ ﻋﺮس" ) . (Mustelaاﻟﻄﺎﺣﻦ اﻟ ُ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺴِﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ :اﻟﻘﻮاطﻊ ، 3/3اﻷﻧﯿﺎب ، 1/1ﻗﺒﻞ طﻮاﺣﻦ ، 3/3اﻟﻄﻮاﺣﻦ 32 = 1/1 ِﺳﻦ .ﻋﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﯿﺐ )ُ (baculumﻣﻤﯿﺰة ﺟﺪا ً ،وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ ﻟﺠﺬﻋﮭﺎ ُﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ ﺣﺎدة ،وطﺮﻓﮭﺎ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ ُﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ و ُﻣﺠﻮف ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻠﻰ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2006f
ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ : ﺳﻼﻻت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺸﺎم واﻟ ِﻌﺮاق و ِ ُ
ﺳﻼﻻت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن .ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺸﺎم واﻟ ِﻌﺮاق و ِﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ُ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ) (Mellivora capensis wilsoniﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺸﺎم )ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ،اﻷردن ،ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ، ﻟﺒﻨﺎن( واﻟ ِﻌﺮاق وﺷﻤﺎل ِﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ،ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ( ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ھﻨﺎك ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ُ " ، ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ " ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮاء اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" " ،آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" " ،اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ" ، "ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو "ﺿﺮﻣﺒﻮل" .وﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ) (Mellivora capensis pumilioﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎن ُ ،ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ( ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﺷﻌﺒﯿﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ُﺟﻨﻮب ُﺟﻨﻮب ِﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )اﻟﯿﻤﻦ ُ ، ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو "ﺟﺮﺑﻮع اﻟﺨﻮال" وﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﺑﺎن" أو "ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر" ،وﻓﻲ ُ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﮭﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﮭﻨﺪي ) Mellivora capensis ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر ﺑﺈﺳﻢ " ُﻛﻮر" .أﻣﺎ اﻟ ُ (indicaواﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ِﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f
A Honey Badger from the Empty Quarter in Oman. 04 April 2012. Expedition Oman 2012. Trail Camera Photo: British Exploring Society. https://www.facebook.com/BritishExploringSociety/photos/a.362873167088394/3628735670883 54/?type=3
Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ : اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ) آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﻮﯾﻠﺴﻮﻧﻲ( ) (Mellivora capensis wilsoniواﻟﺬي
وﺻﻔﮫ اﻟ ُﻤﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ وﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﯿﻮر اﻹﻧﺠﯿﻠﯿﺰي روﺑﺮت إرﻧﺴﺖ ﺷﯿﺰﻣﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ ﺑﻮﻣﺒﺎي ﻟﻠﺘﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ، 1920ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ آر .ﺑﻲ .ووزﻧﺎم ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم 4 أﺑﺮﯾﻞ 1905ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺗﻔﺎع 500ﻗﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ رام ھﺮﻣﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب إﯾﺮان ،واﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ رﻗﻢ ) 5.10.4.21ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f ،
A Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) at the Meir Segals Garden for Zoological Research, Tel Aviv University. Photo by Eman. 19 February 2007. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TAUZoo_eman150.JPG
ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ : وﺻﻒ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن واﻟ ُ
ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻌُﺮﺳﯿﺔ ) (Mustelidaeاﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ،ﺣﯿﺚ أن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻗﻮي اﻟﺒُﻨﯿﺎن وﻟﮫُ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻟﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﺮﯾﺪة .ﻓﻜﻞ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﻲ ذات ﻟﻮن أﺳﻮد ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮف اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ،واﻷطﺮاف اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ،واﻟﺨﻄﻢ ،واﻟﻮﺟﮫ ُﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ً اﻟﻌﯿﻨﯿﻦ ،أﻣﺎ ﺗﺎج )أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأس( واﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻈﮭﺮي ﻟﻠﺮﻗﺒﺔ واﻟﺠﺴﻢ ،واﻟﺠﺰء اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻓﮭﻲ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ذات ﻟﻮن أﺑﯿﺾ رﻣﺎدي أو أﺑﯿﺾ ،واﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻈﮭﺮي اﻷﺑﯿﺾ )اﻟﺴﺮج( ) (saddleﯾﻜﻮن واﺿﺤﺎ ً ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎد ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺳﻮد .وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ) (Mellivora capensis wilsoniأﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ ) ، (Mellivora capensis capensisﻓﻄﻮل أﺳﺎس اﻟﻠُﻘﻤﺔ ) (Condylobasalﻓﻲ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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اﻟ ُﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ طﻮﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ 126-122ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺎث .وإن ھﺬا اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن أﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﺼﻮرة واﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ) ، (Mellivora capensis pumilioﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻤﯿﻞ إﻟﻰ أن ﯾﻜﻮن أﻓﺘﺢ ﻟﻮﻧﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأس واﻟﻈﮭﺮ ،ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﮫ ﻋﻨﺪه ﺟﺎﻧﺐ أﺑﯿﺾ أﻛﺜﺮ وﺿﻮﺣﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ واﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ رداء اﻟﺤﯿﻮان )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a
اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ :
اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌُﺮﺳﯿﺎت ذات اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ،وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ أﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ً ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ ) Meles ، (melesﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻸﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ وﺳﺒﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً . وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻗﺼﯿﺮا ً ،وﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ ً أطﻮل ﻣﻦ ذﯾﻞ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮ ) ، (Badgerﻓﮭﻮ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ طﻮل اﻟﺮأس واﻟﺠﺴﻢ ،ﺣﯿﺚ وﺻﻞ طﻮﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ وﺧﻤﺴﺔ وﺳﺒﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً .وإن أﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﺴﺎي ) (Baksaiﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ-اﻹﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻛﺎن وزﻧﮭﺎ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻟﯿﺒﺮات ) 2.25ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮام( .وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ُﻣﻐﻄﻰ ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ ﺧﺸﻦ ذا طﻮل ُﻣﺘﺴﺎوي ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ ُﻣﻌﺪل طﻮل اﻟﺸﻌﺮ إﺛﻨﺎن وأرﺑﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ؛ وﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ ﻓﺈن ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ُﻣﺜﺨﻨﺔ وﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻋﻀﻠﯿﺔ .واﻟﺨﻄﻢ ﯾﻜﻮن أﻗﻞ ﻧﺤﺎﻓﺔ ُﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ ،واﻷﻧﯿﻒ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﻌﺎري ﻟﮫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ أﺿﺤﻞ ﻗﺮب اﻟﻤﻨﺨﺮﯾﻦ )ﺛﻘﺒﻲ اﻷﻧﻒ( .اﻷﻋﯿﻦ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان .اﻷذن اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أﺻﻐﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ ُﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
A Honey Badger in Oman. Trail Camera Photo: British Exploring Society. 23 March 2012. https://www.facebook.com/BritishExploringSociety/photos/a.355546641154380/35554 7564487621/?type=3 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺗﻮم روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ) (1977أن أطﺮاﻓﮫ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﻮي و ُﻣﻨﺤﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺪاﺧﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪُب .اﻟﻘﺪم ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻓﺮة وأﺧﻤﺼﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺮ ،وﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ِﻏﺸﺎء ؛ وأﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻘﺪم اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ُﻣﺰودة ﺑﻤﺨﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﺟﺪا ً ﺗﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﺨﻄﺎف ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻞ طﻮل ﻣﺨﻠﺐ اﻷﺻﺒﻊ اﻷوﺳﻂ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ وﺛﻼﺛﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ،وﺑﻌُﻤﻖ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس .ﻣﺨﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﻘﺪم اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ أﺻﻐﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ ،ﻓﻤﺨﻠﺐ اﻷﺻﺒﻊ اﻷوﺳﻂ ﯾﺼﻞ طﻮﻟﮫ إﻟﻰ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً .راﺣﺎت اﻷﻗﺪام ﻋﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد وﺳﺎﺋﺪ ﺟﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة .اﻟﻮﺳﺎدة اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺪم ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ،وھﻲ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺳﺎدة اﻟ ُﻤﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أﺧﺪود ﺿﯿﻖ .وﻓﻘﻂ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻟﻌﻘﺐ اﻟﻘﺪم ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ .اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﺪ اﻷﺧﻤﺼﯿﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ھﻲ أﯾﻀﺎ ً ُﻣﻨﺪﻣﺠﺔ وذات ﺷﻜﻞ وﺳﺎدي ،وھﻲ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺳﺎدة اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أﺧﺪود ﺿﯿﻖ .وإن ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ راﺣﺎت وﺑﻮاطﻦ اﻷﻗﺪام ﺗﻜﻮن ُﻣﮭﺪﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل ﺣﻮاﻓﮭﺎ ﺑﮭﺪاب ﯾﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﻤﺸﻂ ﻣ ٌ ﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ،وھﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ وﺿﻮﺣﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺪم اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن . (1968وإن ﺑﺎطﻦ اﻟﻘﺪم ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﺒﺎدة ﻋﺎرﯾﺔ )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ 1977؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b وﺗﺘﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﻐُﺪد اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ اﻟﺰوﺟﯿﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ،وھﻲ ﺗﻔﺮز إﻓﺮازا ً ﻛﺮﯾﮫ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ وﻣﻐ ٍ ﺚ، وھﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﮭﺮﺗﮭﺎ ﻛﺤﯿﻮان ﻛﺮﯾﮫ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ .وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻜﯿﺲ اﻟﻐُﺪي اﻟﺘﺤﺖ ذﯾﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن .ﻋﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﯿﺐ )ُ (baculumﻣﻤﯿﺰة ﺟﺪا ً ،ﻓﻄﺮﻓﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ُﻣﺘﺠﮭﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ ﺣﺎدة ،وطﺮﻓﮭﺎ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ ُﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ،وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻄﺮف ُﻣﺠﻮف ﻓﻲ إﻧﻐﻤﺎد ﯾﺸﺒﮫ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ً ﺣﺮف )(T ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﯿﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ .وﯾﻮﺟﺪ زوﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺜﺪي وﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻷرﺑﯿﺔ ) (inguinalأي ﻋﻨﺪ أﺻﻞ اﻟﻔﺨﺬ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c إھﺎب ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺧﺸﻦ ،اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻓﻲ )اﻟ ُﻤﺤﯿﻄﻲ( اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ طﻮﻟﮫ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ .وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟ ُﻤﺤﯿﻄﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ أﻛﺜﻒ وأطﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ ُ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ )اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮي( اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻟﺮداء اﻟﺤﯿﻮان .اﻟﻔﺮو اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ ﯾﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ،وھﺬا اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎج اﻟﺮأس واﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء اﻷﺻﻔﻰ اﻟ ُﻤﻤﺘﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎج اﻟﺮأس ﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﺮداء .اﻹھﺎب ﯾﻜﻮن ﻗﺼﯿﺮا ً وﻗﺎﺳﯿﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﮫ واﻟﺨﻄﻢ ، وﻟﻜﻦ اﻹھﺎب ﯾُﺸﻜﻞ أھﺪاﺑﺎ ً واﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮاف اﻷﻗﺪام ،وھﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ُوﺿﻮﺣﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪم اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ . وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺪر واﻟﺒﻄﻦ واﻷوﺟﮫ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻸطﺮاف ،وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺗﺴﮭﻞ ُرؤﯾﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a إن اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻠﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﻤﯿﺰ .ﻓﻔﺮو ﺟﻠﺪه اﻟﺨﺸﻦ ﯾﻨﻘﺴﻢ أﻓﻘﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎد ﺑﻠﻮﻧﯿﻦ ُﻣﺘﺒﺎﯾﻨﯿﻦ .ﻓﻜﻞ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﻲ ذو ﻟﻮن أﺳﻮد وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸطﺮاف اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺨﻄﻢ واﻟﻮﺟﮫ واﻟﺨﺪﯾﻦ ﺴﻔﻠﻰ واﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ .وﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺴﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺒُﻨﻲ ُﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ً اﻟﻌﯿﻨﯿﻦ ،واﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮة اﻟ ُ اﻟﺼﺪﺋﻲ اﻟﺨﻔﯿﻒ ،ﯾُﻼﺣﻆ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻼﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف وﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ )اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﻦ( واﻟﺬﯾﻞ . وإن اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺴﻮداء اﻟﻠﻮن واﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎد ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮداء اﻟﻈﮭﺮي اﻷﺑﯿﺾ اﻟﻠﻮن ،اﻟﺬي ﯾﺒﺪأ ﻛﺨﻂ ُﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺠﺒﮭﺔ وﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ُﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﯿﻨﯿﻦ ،ﺛﻢ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﻟﺘﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﺼﯿﻮاﻧﻲ اﻷذﻧﯿﻦ ،وﯾﻤﺮ اﻟﺮداء اﻷﺑﯿﺾ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ ﻟﯿﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺮداء اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺿﯿﻖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ طﻔﯿﻒ ،ﺛﻢ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺮداء اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ﻗﻠﯿﻼً ﻣﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻟﺘﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي )اﻟﻈﮭﺮي( ﻟﻠﺬﯾﻞ ،وأﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ً ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﺑﻘﺮب ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ،وﻟﻜﻦ ھﺬه Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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A Honey Badger was killed and hanged on a Palm Tree at Al-Anbar Governorate in Iraq on 17 November 2020. https://www.facebook.com/AnbarNews10/posts/2850930155175141
Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﺴﻼﻟﺔ )اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ( .واﻟﺮداء اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﯾُﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﺎن ﻟﻮﻧﯿﺘﺎن اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺗُﻌﺘﺒﺮ ُﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟ ُ واﺿﺤﺘﺎن ،وﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺘﺎن ﯾُﺤﺪدھﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺮو اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ ذات اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﻣﺎدي أو اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﺒُﻨﻲ .وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ھﺬا ﻣﻮﺟﻮدا ً ،ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﺒﺪأ ﻛﺨﻂ دﻗﯿﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻂ اﻟﻈﮭﺮي اﻷوﺳﻂ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ،وﯾُﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﺮﻓﯿﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ ،ﺛﻢ ﯾُﺼﺒﺢ أﻋﺮض ﻟﯿُﻐﻄﻲ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﺮداء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ ُ اﻟﺮداء ﻟﻮن رﻣﺎدي ﺧﺎﻓﺖ واﺿﺢ ،وھﺬا ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل رؤوس اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻓﻲ ذات اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﯿﺾ اﻟﻘﺸﺪي .وإن ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮداء ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰھﺎ ﺟﯿﺪا ً ﻋﻦ ﺗﺎج )أﻋﻠﻰ( اﻟﺮأس ذات اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﯿﺾ اﻷﺻﻔﻰ واﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ،وھﺬا ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ ،وﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ وﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ واﺿﺢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ُ ﻟﺘﻨﺪﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ،وﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﻔﺮو اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﻲ اﻟﻠﻮن ُﻣﺨﺘﻔﻲ .ﺗﺎج اﻟﺮأس ﯾﻜﻮن ذا ﻟﻮن أﺑﯿﺾ أﺻﻔﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮي ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن رؤوس اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻤﺴﻮﺣﺔ ﺑﻠﻮن ﺑُﻨﻲ ﺻﺪﺋﻲ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f ، وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺗﻮم روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ) (1977ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن" أن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻮن ﺧﻔﯿﻒ أﺳﻤﺮ ﺻﻐﺎر ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﺼﻔﺮ أو ُﻣﺼﻔﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ اﻟ ُ ﺴﻔﻠﻰ واﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ ؛ وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﺄن ِ ﻓﻲ أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻮن رﻣﺎدي ﺻﺪﺋﻲ ﻣﻨﮫ إﻟﻰ أﺑﯿﺾ ﻓﻀﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻌﻠﻮي .ھﺬا وإن اﻷﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﺘﻦ وﯾﻠﺴﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺑﻜﺴﺎي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ-اﻹﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ )آﯾﺎر( أظﮭﺮت إﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎ ً ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺎ ً ﻓﻲ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻮن وطﻮل اﻹھﺎب ﻋﻨﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺷﮭﺮ دﯾﺴﻤﺒﺮ )ﻛﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻮﺟﻮد إﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻮﺳﻤﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ اﻷول( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﮭﯿﺪم ﻗﺮب ﺛﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﺔ ،وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾُﻘﺘﺮح ُ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ .وإن اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ أﯾﻀﺎ ً ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻹھﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻟ ُ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ ،واﻟﺘﻲ ھﻲ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟ ُﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ،وﻟﻜﻦ أﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟ ُ اﻟ ُﻤﻌﺪل أﻓﺘﺢ ﻟﻮﻧﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ،وﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﺮي أﺑﯿﺾ أوﺿﺢ .وإن إھﺎب اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن أﻛﺜﻒ وأطﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ،وھﺬه ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ُﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﮭﺎ إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرﻧﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ أﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﺼﯿﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻌﯿﻦ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c ﺻﻔﺎت ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ وﯾﺬﻛﺮ أ .د .ﻣﺎزن ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ) (1996ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻷرض اﻟ ُﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ" ِ ﺑﺈﺧﺘﺼﺎر :ﺟﺴﻢ ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُﻣﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﻟﻠﻐُﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ) (Meles melesﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن أﺟﺴﺎﻣﮭﻤﺎ ُﻣﻤﺘﻠﺌﺔ ،ﻣﻊ أرﺟﻞ ﻗﺼﯿﺮة وﻗﻮﯾﺔ .ﻟﻮن ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُﻣﻤﯿﺰ ﺟﺪا ً :ﻟﻮن اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺒﻄﻨﻲ أﺳﻮد وﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻻً ﺑﺸﻜﻞ واﺿﺢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﯿﺾ أو اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء اﻟﻈﮭﺮي .وﺗﻤﺘﺪ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺮأس وإﻣﺘﺪادا ً ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻖ واﻟﻈﮭﺮ واﻟﺬﯾﻞ )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ، 1996ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a
ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ : ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ُ
ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ھﻨﺎك ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ أﺻﻄﯿﺪت ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ 5دﯾﺴﻤﺒﺮ 1953ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨُﮭﯿﺪم ﺴﻮرﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ،وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ دﯾﻔﯿﺪ ﻗﺮب ﺛﻤﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟ ُ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن )رﻗﻢ ، (I. 1746وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ وﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ: اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ :اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ، 683اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ، 179اﻟﻘﺪم اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ ، 89.4اﻟﺬراع اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ، 150 اﻷذن . 34.5
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اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﯿﺔ :اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠ ُﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ ، 113.8طﻮل أﺳﺎس اﻟﻠُﻘﻤﺔ ، 112ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻮﺟﻨﻲ ، 62ﻋﺮض ﻗﺤﻒ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ ، 54اﻟﻀﯿﻖ اﻟﺒﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﺠﺮي ، 29.8ﺻﻒ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻌُﻠﻮي ﺴﻔﻠﻲ ) 70.2ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 1983c ﺴﻔﻠﻲ ، 35.9اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟ ُ ، 30.9ﺻﻒ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟ ُ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b وﯾﺬﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ) (1977ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن" أن إرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ 25 ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً )ﻋﺸﺮة إﻧﺸﺎت( ،وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ 75-60ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻒ إﻟﻰ طﺮف اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ، أﻣﺎ طﻮل اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ 24-15ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ؛ أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻮزﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺬﻛﻮر أﺛﻘﻞ ﻗﻠﯿﻼً ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺎث ، وﯾُﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺼﻞ وزن ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮاﻣﺎت )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ 1977؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b وﯾﺬﻛﺮ د .دﯾﻔﯿﺪ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ) (1981ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ" ﺑﻌﺾ أطﻮال اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ وﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ :اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ، 927-788اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ، 246-190اﻟﻘﺪم اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ ، 108-101.5اﻷذن ، 34.5-27اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ) 126ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1981؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a وﯾﺬﻛﺮ أ .د .ﻣﺎزن ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ) (1996ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻷرض اﻟ ُﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ" ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :طﻮل اﻟﺮأس واﻟﺠﺴﻢ 75-60ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ ،طﻮل اﻟﺬﯾﻞ 18-11ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ ،اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ 135-120ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ .اﻟﺬﻛﻮر أﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ً وأﺛﻘﻞ وزﻧﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺎث ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻞ وزن اﻹﻧﺎث اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ 10-4ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮام ،ووزن اﻟﺬﻛﻮر اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ 12-6ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮام )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ، 1996ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a
A Honey Badger from the Empty Quarter in Oman. 04 April 2012. Expedition Oman 2012. Trail Camera Photo: British Exploring Society. https://www.facebook.com/BritishExploringSociety/photos/a.362873167088394/3628735137550 26/?type=3 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ : اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ) آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﻘﺰﻣﻲ( ) (Mellivora capensis pumilioواﻟﺬي وﺻﻔﮫ
ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ ّرﺟﯿﻨﺎﻟﺪ إﯾﻨﺲ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﻓﻲ ﻟﻨﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ، 1946ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ،ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺆرﺧﺔ ،ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮت ﻓﻲ إﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ )ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ً اﻟﯿﻤﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ،ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎ ً اﻟﯿﻤﻦ( ،وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ إھﺪاؤھﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ 28ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ 1933ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ أ .ر .م .رﯾﺘﺸﺎردز ،واﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ رﻗﻢ ) 45.1ﺑﻮﻛﻮك 1946؛ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 1983c . (2006f ، 2004b
The British Zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock who named the Arabian Ratel Mellivora capensis pumilio in 1946. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Innes_Pocock#/media/File:R._I._Pocock.jpg
ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن : وﺻﻒ اﻟ ُ
ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ) (Mellivora capensis pumilioأﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُ اﻟ ُ ُ ) ، (Mellivora capensis wilsoniﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻞ طﻮل أﺳﺎس اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ -115.9 122ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺎث ،أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬﻛﻮر ﻓﯿﺼﻞ طﻮﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ 125-118ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً .ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻮن ،ﻓﮭﻲ أدﻛﻦ ﻟﻮﻧﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأس واﻟﻈﮭﺮ ،ﻣﻊ ﻣﯿﻞ ﻗﻮي ﻟﻄﻤﺲ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ،ﻓﮭﻨﺎك ﻣﺴﺤﺔ ﺳﻮداء أو ﺑُﻨﯿﺔ ُﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮة ،وھﻨﺎك ﺧﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﺮي أﺑﯿﺾ واﺿﺢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ .وﻓﻲ ﺟﺪا ً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺮداء .إھﺎب اﻟﺼﯿﻒ ﯾﻜﻮن أﻗﺼﺮ وأرﻓﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ واﺿﺢ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ُ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ رﯾﺪة اﻟﺴﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮت ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻤﻦ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ )آﯾﺎر( ،ﻛﺎن طﻮل اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟ ُﻤﺤﯿﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ً ﺛﻼﺛﺔ وﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ﻓﻘﻂ .وھﻨﺎك ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻤﺴﯿﻤﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﯿﺔ ،ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻘﺒﻞ طﻮاﺣﻦ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة اﻟﻌُﻠﻮﯾﺔ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ ،وإن اﻟﺴِﻦ اﻷﯾﻤﻦ اﻟﻌُﻠﻮي ﻗﺪ أﻧﺨﻠﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ واﺿﺢ ،وإن اﻷﺳﻨﺎن اﻷﺧﺮى ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ واﻟ ُ أﺛﺮ ﻟﻤﻐﺮز اﻟﺴِﻦ ) . (trace of socketsوھﺬا إﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﺮدي ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدي )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ : اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠ ُ
ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ھﻨﺎك ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻟﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﻘﺰﻣﻲ" ) Mellivora capensis (pumilioﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ ،وﻣﺼﺪرھﺎ ﻣﻦ رﯾﺪة اﻟﺴﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮت ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻤﻦ .وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎﺗﮭﺎ اﻟ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﯿﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ وﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ :اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ، 121.2 طﻮل أﺳﺎس اﻟﻠُﻘﻤﺔ ، 119.7ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻮﺟﻨﻲ ، 64.6ﻋﺮض ِﻗﺤﻒ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ ، 50.2اﻟﻀﯿﻖ اﻟﺒﯿﻦ ﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺴﻔﻠﻲ ، 39.2اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟ ُ ﻣﺤﺠﺮي ، 30.3ﺻﻒ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻌُﻠﻮي ، 35.4ﺻﻒ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟ ُ ) 78.7ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
A Honey Badger from the Empty Quarter in Oman. 04 April 2012. Expedition Oman 2012. Trail Camera Photo: British Exploring Society. https://www.facebook.com/BritishExploringSociety/photos/a.362873167088394/3628736204216 82/?type=3
ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﯾﺔ : اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠ ُ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ھﻨﺎك ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﮭﻨﺪي "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﮭﻨﺪي" )(Mellivora capensis indica
ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷﻣﯿﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺮوت ﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ،وﻣﺼﺪرھﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ .وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎﺗﮭﺎ اﻟ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﯿﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ وﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ :اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ، 126.2طﻮل أﺳﺎس اﻟﻠُﻘﻤﺔ ، 123.8ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻮﺟﻨﻲ ، 72.3ﻋﺮض ِﻗﺤﻒ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ ، 59اﻟﻀﯿﻖ اﻟﺒﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﺠﺮي Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﺴﻔﻠﻲ 83.8 ﺴﻔﻠﻲ ، 42.2اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟ ُ ، 33.6ﺻﻒ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻌُﻠﻮي ، 36.3ﺻﻒ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟ ُ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
اﻹﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺸﺎم واﻟ ِﻌﺮاق وﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ :
ﺳﻼﻻت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن .ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺸﺎم واﻟ ِﻌﺮاق و ِﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ُ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ) (Mellivora capensis wilsoniﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺸﺎم )ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ،اﻷردن ،ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ، ﻟﺒﻨﺎن( واﻟ ِﻌﺮاق وﺷﻤﺎل ِﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ،ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ( ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ھﻨﺎك ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ُ " ، ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ " ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮاء اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" " ،آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" " ،اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ" ، "ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو "ﺿﺮﻣﺒﻮل" .وﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ) (Mellivora capensis pumilioﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎن ،ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ( ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﺷﻌﺒﯿﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺟﻨﻮب ِﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )اﻟﯿﻤﻦ ُ ، ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو "ﺟﺮﺑﻮع اﻟﺨﻮال" وﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﺑﺎن" أو "ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر" ،وﻓﻲ ُ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﮭﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﮭﻨﺪي ) Mellivora capensis ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر ﺑﺈﺳﻢ " ُﻛﻮر" .أﻣﺎ اﻟ ُ (indicaواﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ِﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f
A very rare night shot: Honey Badger couple in south Palestine. The Male is slightly bigger than the female. Photo: Ady Gancz. January 2019. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=937908896576605&set=gm.2482258918532795
اﻹﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ :
ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ذﻛﺮ ﻓﺮﯾﺪرﯾﺶ ﺳﯿﻤﻮن ﺑﻮدﻧﮭﺎﯾﻤﺮ ) (1935أﻧﮭﺎ ﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻘﺪس اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻒ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﮭﺎﯾﻤﺮ )(1958 ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﺐ ووادي ﻧﮭﺮ اﻷردن اﻟ ُ ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﺗﻢ ِذﻛﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎت أو .ﺗﻮﻣﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺘﺒﮭﺎ ﺗﺮﯾﺴﺘﺮام ) (1866ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﺎت . ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ إﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻞ أھﺎروﻧﻲ ) (1930ﻋﻦ ﻧُﺪرﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻼل ﻏﺮب ﻧﮭﺮ اﻷردن ،وأﻛﺜﺮ إﻧﺘﺸﺎرا ً إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺟﺒﺎل ﻟﺒﻨﺎن اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ واﻟ ُﻤﺴﻤﺎة ﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﻘﻠﻤﻮن )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ . (1996 ،ﻛﻤﺎ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ذﻛﺮ أس .أس .ﻓﻼور ) (1932ﺑﺄن ﻋﻨﺪه ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺰة ،وأن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ .وﯾُﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﺄن ﻓﻼور وﺛﻖ ﺷﺮاء ﺟﻠﺪ ظﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪس اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺬﯾﻦ أﺻﻄﺎدوه ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺖ ﻟﺤﻢ واﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﯿﺖ )ﻓﻼور 1932؛ ﺑﻮدﻧﮭﺎﯾﻤﺮ . (1958 ، 1935وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﮭﺎﯾﻤﺮ )1935 ﺼﺐ وﺳﻂ وادي ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﺐ ،وﻋﻨﺪ أم ﻓﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ (1958 ،أﯾﻀﺎ ً ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﻦ ُﺣ ُ اﻟﺠﻠﯿﻞ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983cوﯾﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺒﺮوﻓﯿﺴﻮر ﻣﺎزن ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ) (1996ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻷرض اﻟ ُﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ" أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺟﺢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻼت اﻟ ُﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة .وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻞ أﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻦ ﺼﺐ وﺳﻂ وادي ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ،وﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻦ وﯾﺒﺔ )ﯾﮭﺎف( ﺷﻤﺎل وادي ﻋﺮﺑﺔ )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ . (1996 ،وﺗﺬﻛﺮ ُﺣ ُ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ) (2016أن اﻟﺮاﺗﻞ أو ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ،واﻟﺬي ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺳﯿﺎت أو اﻟﺴﺮاﻋﯿﺐ ) ، (Mustelidaeﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﯿﺖ ،واﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺠﺒﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪس اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻒ ،وﺑﯿﺖ ﻟﺤﻢ وﻧﺎﺑﻠﺲ .وﯾﺬﻛﺮ أدي ﺟﺎﻧﺰ ) (2019أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻧﺎدر ﺟﺪا ً ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ وھﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻹﻧﻘﺮاض ؛ وﻗﺪ أﺳﺘﻄﺎع أن ﯾُﻮﺛﻖ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿﺎ ً زوج ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻦ ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﯾﻤﺸﯿﺎن ﻣﻌﺎ ً ﻟﯿﻼً ،و ُھﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ُﺟﻨﻮب ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻨﺎﯾﺮ 2019؛ وﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺟﻠﯿﺎ ً أن اﻟﺬﻛﺮ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﻠﯿﻼً ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺜﻰ .وإن ﺗﻮاﺟﺪھﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ ً ﻛﺰوج ھﻮ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻨﻮع وإﺳﺘﻤﺮارﯾﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ) (14ﺟﺎﻧﺰ ، 2019ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a
A Honey Badger was killed in Al-Mutanabi suburb in Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq on 27 May 2013. https://www.facebook.com/Ta7shish8gb/photos
وﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "اﻟﻜﺮطﮫ" أو "اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮة" ،وھﻮ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ وﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﻌﺮاق )اﻟﻔﺮطﻮﺳﻲ ، (2015 ،وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ .ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻒ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻹﻧﺠﯿﻠﯿﺰي روﺑﺮت ﺷﯿﺰﻣﺎن ھﺬا اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم 1920ﻣﻦ رام ھﺮﻣﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب إﯾﺮان ،ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﻮﺛﯿﻖ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮب ﺑﻜﺴﺎي ﻗﺮب اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ-اﻹﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺔ ،وھﻲ اﻵن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ وﻣﺼﺪرھﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ ُ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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اﻟﻔﻠﻮﺟﺔ ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎر .وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ دﯾﻔﯿﺪ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ) (1959ﺑﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﮭﯿﺪم ﻗﺮب ﺛﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮاق ؛ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﺎم ھﺖ ) (1959ﺑﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ت (T 1) 1؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻﻗﻰ ﻣﯿﻮﺳﯿﻞ ) (1927ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﻓﻲ اﻷودﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة اﻟﻀﯿﻘﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ راوة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة .وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺠﮭﻮل ) (1966ﻋﻦ ظﺮﺑﺎن ﻗُﺘﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻮ ﺧﺼﯿﺐ ﻗﺮب اﻟﺒﺼﺮة )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983cوﯾُﻌﺮف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ" أو "اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮة" ،وﯾُﻘﺎل )ﻓﻼن ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮة ،ﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﻮت إﻻ طﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺸﻤﮭﺎ( )اﻟﺪرﯾﻌﻲ اﻟﺼﻐﺎر ﻣﻦ "اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ" إذا أطﺎﻟﻮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻜﺎء ، . (2021 ،وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﻣﮭﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﺗُﺨﯿﻒ اﻷطﻔﺎل ِ وﺗﻘﻮل ﻟﮭﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻟﻸطﻔﺎل وﺗﺄﺧﺬھﻢ ،ﻓﺘﺨﺎف اﻷطﻔﺎل وﺗﺴﻜﺖ )اﻟﺒﺼﺮي . (2016 ، وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ ﺣﺎدﺛﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺣﯿﻮان ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻲ اﻟ ُﻤﺘﻨﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ،اﻟﻨﺠﻒ ،ﻓﻲ 27ﻣﺎﯾﻮ ) 2013أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ (15؛ ﺣﯿﺚ دﺧﻞ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان إﻟﻰ ﺑﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء ،وأﺣﺘﻤﻰ ﺑ ِﮫ ، وﻻﺣﻘﺘﮫُ ﺟﻤﮭﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس وھﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ھﻠﻊ ؛ وﺑﻌﺪ إﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء و ُﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ،ﺗﻢ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﺑ ِﮫ ﺑﺸﺘﻰ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﻨﺎري .وﺧﻼل ُﻣﺪة وﺟﯿﺰة أﺣﺪث اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ُﺣﻔﺮة ﻋﻤﯿﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ وﻧﺼﻒ وأﺧﺘﻔﻰ داﺧﻠﮭﺎ ،ﻣﻤﺎ دﻓﻊ رﺟﺎل اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ إﻟﻰ إﺷﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎر داﺧﻞ اﻟ ُﺤﻔﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﻟﻠﺨﺮوج ،وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻢ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﺑﮫ وﻗﺘﻠﮫ .وﯾﻘﻮل ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮطﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﻟـ "ﺷﻔﻖ ﻧﯿﻮز" " :ﺗﻠﻘﯿﻨﺎ إﺗﺼﺎﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ ﯾُﻌﻠﻤﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﺣﯿﻮان ﺧﻄﯿﺮ ،وﺟﺌﻨﺎ ﺴﻜﺎن ،وأﺳﺘﻄﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻺﻣﺴﺎك ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﺬي ھﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺎرع ،وﺑﺪأ ﯾُﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮا ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ُ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﺑ ِﮫ وﻗﺘﻠﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ" !! وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﺈن ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ أو ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻗﺪ ظﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺴﻤﺎوة ) ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﺜﻨﻰ( و ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﺒﺼﺮة )ﺷﻔﻖ ﻧﯿﻮز 1 ،ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ . (2013
A tortured to death honey badger which was killed in Al-Samawa area, Iraq. Photo: AlSamawa News. Facebook. 3 August 2017. https://www.facebook.com/404621779934246/photos/ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﺤﯿﻮان ظﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺄﺳﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺼﺮة ،وھﻮ ﯾﺄﻛﻞ طﻌﺎم ُﻣﻘﺪم ﻟﮫ )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ) (41اﻟﺒﺼﺮة 11 ،ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ . (2016 ﺻﻮرة ُﻣﺆذﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻦ ﺗ ُﺒﯿﻦ ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً ﺗﻢ إﯾﺬاﺋﮫ وﺗﻌﺬﯾﺒﮫ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﻮت ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﺴﻤﺎوة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم وھﻨﺎك ُ ً ﺻﻮرة أﺧﺮى ُﻣﺆذﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻦ وھﻲ ﺗُﻈﮭﺮ ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﻢ ) 2017أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ . (16ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ُ ﻗﺘﻠﮫ وﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺠﺮة ﻧﺨﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ﯾﻮم 17ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ) 2020أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ، (9 ﺳﻜﺎن ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ، وذﻛﺮت اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ﻧﯿﻮز أن ﻋﺪة ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ھﺎﺟﻤﺖ ُ وﺗﻢ ﻗﺘﻞ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﺎ وھﺮوب أﺧﺮﯾﺎت ،وأﻛﺪ ﺷﮭﻮد ﻋﯿﺎن أن اﻹﻏﺮﯾﺮﯾﺎت ﻗﺎدﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ )اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ﻧﯿﻮز . (17.11.2020 ، وﯾُﺤﺬر ُﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ و ُﻣﺨﺘﺼﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ إﻧﻘﺮاض اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ،وﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﻔﺘﺮﺳﺔ ِﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﺪ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺮ ،وإﻧﻌﺪام ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ُﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﺤﯿﻮان و ُﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ،ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﺔ إھﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﺠﮭﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﺸﺄن ،ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﺤﯿﻮي اﻟﺬي أﻧﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 2010دﻋﺎ إﻟﻰ ِﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ ووﻗﻒ إﻧﻘﺮاض اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ )ﺷﻔﻖ ﻧﯿﻮز 1ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ ، 2013ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ﺳﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ُﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎ ً ﺑﺈﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺤﯿﻮان "اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل" ، ھﺬا وﺗﻤﺘﺪ ُ "اﻟﻀﺮﻣﺒﻮل" أو "أﺑﻮ ﻗﺪﯾﻢ" .وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ أﺻﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮب اﻟ ِﺪﻣﻨﺔ )ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎً( ،واﻟﻤﻄﻼع )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ، 1968ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a
A Honey Badger from Al-Salmi Desert in Kuwait. Photo from a video. May 2012. https://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/last/446836/20-02-2014
ﻛﻤﺎ أﺻﻄﯿﺪت ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺣﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ )أﯾﻠﻮل( ﻋﺎم 1976ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻧﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮب اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ،وﻛﺎن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺘﯿﺔ-اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ،ﺑﻌﺪ ُﻣﻄﺎردة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺳﯿﺎرة اﻟﺠﯿﺐ ذات اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ُ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ُﻣﻨﺪﻓﻌﺎ ً وﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ رﻣﺎل اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ،وﻟﻢ ﯾﻠﺤﻘﻮا ﺑ ِﮫ إﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﻦ ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮا ً ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ؛ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﺑﮫ ﺣﯿﺎ ً ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺮاع أﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ،وﻟﻢ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻄﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﺎرﯾﺔ ، وﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﺑﺎت اﻟ ُﻤﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﺎ وﻣﺆﺧﺮات اﻟﺒﻨﺎدق اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﮭﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ رﺟﺎل ُﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﯿﻦ أﺷﺘﺮﻛﻮا ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺻﯿﺪه ،وﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪھﺲ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﻟﮫ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات ؛ وﻗﺪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﺣﯿﺎ ً وﺷﺮﺳﺎ ً و ُﻣﺤﺘﻔﻈﺎ ً ﺑﻜﻞ ﻗﻮﺗ ِﮫ وﺿﺮاوﺗﮫ )ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻟﻘﺒﺲ 1976؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻧﮭﺎرا ً ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ ) 2012أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ،وﻛﺎن اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ، (17ﺣﯿﺚ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺸﺒﺎن ﺑ ُﻤﻄﺎردﺗﮫ ﺑﺴﯿﺎرﺗﮭﻢ ذات اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ُ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎ ً واﺣﺪا ً ﻣﻦ إﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺴﯿﺮان ﻣﻌﺎ ً ،وأﺛﻨﺎء ُﻣﻄﺎردﺗ ِﮫ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﺠﺄة ،وﻛﺎن ﯾُﺼﺪر ﺻﻮﺗﺎ ً ﺗﺤﺬﯾﺮﯾﺎ ً ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺎ ً )زﻣﺠﺮة ﺷﺪﯾﺪة( ،ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎم ﺑ ُﻤﮭﺎﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة وھﻲ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ وﻋﺾ إطﺎرھﺎ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ،ﺛﻢ ﻻذ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮار )ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻷﻧﺒﺎء . (20.02.2014 ، وﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺮض أﺣﺪ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﯾﻮم 8ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ 2021ﻟﻠﺪھﺲ ،ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺗ ِﮫ ﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ( .وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﻂ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ ﻓﻨﯿﺲ اﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺄن دھﺲ اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟ ُ ﻛﺎن ُﻣﺆﻟﻤﺎ ً ﺟﺪا ً ﻷﻧﮫ ﻣﻦ أﻧﺪر ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ وﻟﻢ ﯾﺮهُ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ،وأﻧﮫ ﯾﺠﺐ اﻷﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎر أﻧﮫ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺮص ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم إﯾﺬاﺋﮭﺎ ،وطﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺠﮭﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﻌُﻤﺮاﻧﻲ )ﻋﺒﺪﷲ 9 ، ﻣﻤﺮات آﻣﻨﺔ وﺑﯿﺌﺔ ُﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ّ ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ . (2021
A Honey Badger was run over by car and killed on Jaber Bridge in Kuwait on 8 February 2021. https://www.alraimedia.com/article/1520903 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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وﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "اﻟﻀﺮﺑﺎن" أو "ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر" )اﻟﻘﻄﺎم . (2012 ،وﻗﺪ ﺳﻤﺎن ﻗﺮب اﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ذﻛﺮ دﯾﻜﺴﻮن ) (1949ﺑﺄن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ﯾُﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ُ .وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﯿﺰﻣﺎن وھﯿﻨﺘﻮن ) (1924ﺑﺄﻧﮭﻢ رأوا واﺣﺪا ً ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﺮاء اﻟﺠﺎﻓﻮرة ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻹﺣﺴﺎء .وھﻨﺎك ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﺔ ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﺮﻋﺮ ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺤﺪود اﻷردﻧﯿﺔ ،وھﻲ ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ُﻣﺸﺎﺑﮭﺔ ﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﺷﺮق اﻷردن )ﻟﻮﯾﺲ و ﺳﻨﺎ ﻋﻄﺎ ﷲ 1966؛ ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ (1996؛ وھﺬه اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷﻣﯿﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺮوت ﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن . (1968 ،وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺮﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﯾﻠﻔﺮﯾﺪ ﺛﺴﯿﺠﺮ ) (1959اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ﺑﺈﺳﻢ " ُﻣﺒﺎرك ﺑﻦ ﻟﻨﺪن" أﻧﮫ رأى آﺛﺎر أﻗﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ واﺣﺔ ﯾﺒﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ وواﺣﺔ ﻟﯿﻮا ﺑﺪوﻟﺔ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﺘﺤﺪة )ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ إﺻﻄﯿﺎد ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻀﺮﺑﺎن أو ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ﺣﯿﺎ ً ﻣﻦ ﻓﯿﻔﺎ )ﻓﯿﻔﺎء( ،اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﺎزان ، ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ) 03.07.2012أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ( )اﻟﻘﻄﺎم . (2012 ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ وھﻮ ﯾﻤﺸﻲ ﻧﮭﺎرا ً ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﺮاء ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ ،ﺷﺮق ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺒﻮك ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ) 15.11.2020اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ . (2020 ، وﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺮض أﺣﺪ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل ﻟﻠﺪھﺲ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺗ ِﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﻨﻮرة وﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑُﻌﺪ 195ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮا ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﻨﻮرة ،ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم 28ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ 2021 )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ) (22اﻟﻔﺎﯾﺪي . (2021 ،
A Ratel was caught alive from Fifa, Jazan Province, south-west Saudi Arabia on 03.07.2012. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=206253146173141&set=a.111306619001128 &type=3 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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وﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺎدرة ﺑﻨﺎ ًءا ﻋﻠﻰ دراﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎم ، 1972وﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻹﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ ) (IUCNﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ) 2008أﺑﻮ ﯾﻘﻈﺎن . (2020 ،وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ إﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻞ أھﺎروﻧﻲ ) (1930أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺟﺒﺎل ﻟﺒﻨﺎن اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ واﻟ ُﻤﺴﻤﺎة ﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﻘﻠﻤﻮن )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ، 1996ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a
3 Lebanese Mustelids. https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/photos/1756539457842166
ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "أﺑﻮ ﻛﻌﺐ" أو "اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ" ،وﯾﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﯾﺔ وﻓﻲ ُ وﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻮدﯾﺎن ؛ وھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﻻ ﯾﺤﺐ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل واﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺒﺎردة ،ﻟﺬا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎدر رؤﯾﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ رﯾﻒ دﻣﺸﻖ وﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻲ اﻟﻼذﻗﯿﺔ وطﺮطﻮس ،وﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ُﻣﺸﺎھﺪﺗﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﺑُﺤﯿﺮة اﻷﺳﺪ )اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ . (2020 ،وھﻮ ﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺎدرة ،وﯾﺘﻮاﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺸﯿﻮخ ،وﺿﻔﺎف ﻧﮭﺮ اﻟﻔﺮات ،ورﯾﻒ ﺟﺮاﺑﻠﺲ ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺣﻤﺎة )أﺑﻮ اﻟﺠﻮد ، 2019ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a وﻓﻲ اﻷردن ﯾُﻌﺮف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "اﻟﻘﺮطﺔ" ،وﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺒﺪوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ﯾُﻌﺮف ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "اﻟﻤﺴﺎره" وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗِﺼﺼﮫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺪاوﻟﮭﺎ ﻛﻤﺼﺪر ُرﻋﺐ ﻷﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﺪو ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻧﺒﺸ ِﮫ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ،وﺗُﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺎدرة ﺟﺪا ً )اﻟﺬوﯾﺦ . (2020 ،وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷردﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم 1983ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎل ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ إرﺑﺪ )زھﯿﺮﻋﻤﺮو و أﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﺪﯾﺴﻲ ، ، (1988وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻷردﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﯿﺮﻣﻮك ،إرﺑﺪ( ﻋﯿﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﻊ ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺟﺮش )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ . (1996 ،وﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﯿﺴﺒﻮك ﻓﺈن ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻼت ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ أو اﻟﺮﺗﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ﻧﺎدرة ﺟﺪا ً )ﻋﯿﺪ . (2020 ،وھﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ذِﻛﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ،ﻣﻊ إﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك ﺧﻠﻄﺎ ً ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎھﺪات ﻣﻊ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ )اﻟﻌﻜﺴﺔ( ) . (Meles melesﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُھﻨﺎك ُﻣﺸﺎھﺪات ﻣﻦ اﻷزرق ،وﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻧﯿﺒﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺄدﺑﺎ ،وﻣﺄدﺑﺎ ،و 3ﻣﺸﺎھﺪات ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺎﺣﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ وادي ﺷﻌﯿﺐ ،وداﺧﻞ ﺣﺪود ﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﺎء ،وﻋﯿﻦ ﻣﺎء ﻏﺮب طﺎﺳﺎن ،وﺣﺴﺒﺎن ،ووادي اﻟﮭﯿﺪان ،وﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﯿﺘﺔ ﻣﺪھﻮﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺷﺎرع ال 100ﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﺮ ﻋﻤﺎن اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮي ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮق ﻋﻤﺎن )ﻋﯿﺪ ، 2020ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a
Ratel or Honey Badger. Facebook Photo: The Royal Jordanian Society for the Conservation of Nature. 07.11.2016. https://www.facebook.com/rscn.org/photos/a.487891855505/10157702646855506/?type=3 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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A Honey Badger was run over by car and killed on the highway between Medina and Hail area, Saudi Arabia, 195 kilometers from Medina on 28.02.2021. https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=3781687331879718&id=1000011 54660473
A Honey badger was killed in Yemen on 05 February 2015. Original caption: After the Honey Badger ate a donkey, the Yemeni predator ate the body of a young man and killed him!! https://www.facebook.com/1479377422285644/photos/a.1479899838900069/161346976 2209742/?type=3
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أﻣﺎ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ) (Mellivora capensis pumilioﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ،وﻗﺪ ُوﺻﻒ ھﺬا اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم 1946ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ ّرﺟﯿﻨﺎﻟﺪ إﯾﻨﺲ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮت ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ ،وھﻲ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ .وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ) (1935ﺑﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﻮل ،وﺟﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺎرة ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ ﯾﺎﻓﻊ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎم ﺗﻮﻣﺎس ) (1900ﺑﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻦ َﺣﺒﯿﻞ ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺮق ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪن ،وﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ رﯾﺪة اﻟﺴﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮت ؛ وﻛﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن . (1968وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ دﯾﻔﯿﺪ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ﻣﺼﺪرھﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻤﺴﯿﻤﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺤﺞ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﯿﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c وﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ "ﯾﮭﻮد اﻟﯿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ واﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ" ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﯿﺴﺒﻮك ) (05.02.2015ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺆذﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻦ ﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻗﺘﻠﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ ،ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺼﻮرة " :ﺑﻌﺪ أن أﻛﻞ ِﺣﻤﺎر ،ﺣﯿﻮان ُﻣﻔﺘﺮس ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ ﯾﻨﮭﺶ ﺟﺴﺪ ﺷﺎب وﯾﺮدﯾﮫ ﻗﺘﯿﻼً" !!! )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ . (22
A Ratel or Honey Badger (called Koor locally) wandering at night in a rocky area in Dhofar Governorate, Sultanate of Oman on 07 June 2016. Trail Camera video Photo by Said Mohammed Al-Shanfari. https://www.facebook.com/groups/422287751232287/posts/888509321276792
وﯾﺘﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋُﻤﺎن .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﺸﺮت ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ اﻹﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﺤﯿﻮان ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻔﯿﺴﺒﻮك ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﯿﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﺤﻤﻠﺔ إﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ُ ﻋﻤﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ُ ، 2012 ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﯿﺮا ﻓﺨﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﮭﺎر )) (23.03.2012أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ (7 ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ ُ ً اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮھﺎ ﻟﯿﻼ وأﺧﺮى ﺗﺤﺖ إﺿﺎءة ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺔ و ُ ﺻﻮر أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺮاء ُ ﺼﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت . (13 ، 11 ، 5وﻗﺪ أظﮭﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﯿﺮا ﻓﺨﯿﺔ )) (04.04.2012أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟ ُ ُ ﻋﻤﺎن" ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﯿﺴﺒﻮك ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم 07ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ 2016ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن )ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ "ﺑﺮاري ُ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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اﻟﻌﺴﻞ( ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ھﻨﺎك ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﻛﻮر" ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎم اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﮭﺎوي و ُﻣﺤﺐ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺸﻨﻔﺮي ﺑﺘﺼﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻟﯿﻼً ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﯿﺮا ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻓﺨﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ . (23ﻛﻤﺎ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء وھﻮ ﯾﺘﺠﻮل ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺼﺨﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ظﻔﺎر )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟ ُ ﻗﺎم اﻟﺸﻨﻔﺮي ﺑﺘﺼﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ اﻟﻔﺨﯿﺔ ﻟﯿﻼً ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ 02ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ ﻋﻤﺎن" ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﯿﺴﺒﻮك )اﻟﺸﻨﻔﺮي 05 ،ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ ، 2016وﺗﻢ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻮﻗﻊ "ﺑﺮاري ُ . (2016ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﺸﻨﻔﺮي ) 10ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ (2016ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ آﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﯿﻮﺗﯿﻮب وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ "ﺑﺮاري ﻋﻤﺎن" ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ وﻛﺮ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻼﻟﺔ ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر اﻟﻌُﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ؛ وﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ ُ ً اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُ ،رﺑﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ،وھﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﻨﺸﺎط ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ 11ﻟﯿﻼ ﺣﻮل وداﺧﻞ اﻟﻮﻛﺮ ،واﻟﺬي ھﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺷﻖ ﺻﺨﺮي ﻛﺒﯿﺮ أﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺘﮫ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻛﺒﯿﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ ؛ ﺴﻠﻮك اﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ واﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﻠﯿﻠﻲ ﻟﺪى ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ُ ﻋﻤﺎن ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻓﻲ ُ وﯾُﻈﮭﺮ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ اﻟﻨﺎدر اﻟ ُ ﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ( . )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟ ُ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺛﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ دھﺲ ﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﯿﻦ رزات ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ 02ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ ﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ (30؛ وﺣﺎﻟﺔ دھﺲ أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﻦ ) 2016ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﻷزھﺮ ) (2016 ،أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟ ُ ﺼﻮر ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﻠﻨﻮت ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ 24ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ) 2016ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻋﺘﯿﻖ ) (2016 ،أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟ ُ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت (28 ، 27 ، 26 ، 25؛ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ دھﺲ أﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ إﻟﻰ طﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ . (32 ظﻔﺎر اﻟﻌُﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ 13ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ) 2017ﻧﺎﺻﺮ اﻟ ِﻜﻨﺪي ) (2017 ،أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟ ُ وﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﻓﺈن ھﺬه اﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻼت اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﺗﻮﺛﻖ ﺣﺎﻻت دھﺲ وﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮق ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻤﺎن و ِﺷﺒﮫ ظﻔﺎر اﻟﻌُﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻗﺼﯿﺮة ،ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾُﮭﺪد ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻨﺎدر ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ُ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ . وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺟﻮن ﺟﺎﺳﺒﺮﯾﺘﻲ وزوﺟﺘﮫ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺳﺒﺮﯾﺘﻲ ) (1981ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮭﻢ "اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ" )ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺘﺮاك ﻣﻊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﻢ طﻠﺤﻮك وﻏﯿﺮه( ﺑﺄن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن )آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ( ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ،وﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎدر ﺟﺪا ً أن ﯾُﻼﻗﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ )ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
The den of a Ratel (called Koor locally) family in Salalah, Dhofar Governorate in Oman. Trail Camera Video Photo by Said Mohammed Al-Shanfari. 09.07.2016. https://www.facebook.com/groups/422287751232287/posts/908133815981009 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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A Honey Badger was run over by car and killed in Ayn Sahalnoot in Dhofar Governorate, Oman on 24.09.2016. Photo by Khalid Ateeq. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10154518593458057&set=pcb.967364406724616
ُﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت أﺣﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ :
إن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ) (Mellivora capensis pumilioاﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ واﻟﺪاﻛﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن ،ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ واﺿﺢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ) (Mellivora capensis wilsoniاﻷﻛﺒﺮ واﻷﺑﮭﺖ ﻟﻮﻧﺎ ً ؛ وھﺬه ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﯾﺔ ) . (Mellivora capensis indicaوﯾﺤﺼﻞ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ ھﻲ أﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُ اﻟ ُ ﺴﻼﻟﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺗﻤﺎزج ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺟﺢ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟ ُ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c ﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاطﻦ ُﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﮫ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﻗﺎﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪا ً ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﯿﺎن ﻧﺸﯿﻄﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻨﮭﺎر ،ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﮫُ ﺴﻮرﯾﺔ ﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎ ً ﻟﯿﻠﯿﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ .وإن اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ د .دﯾﻔﯿﺪ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟ ُ ٌ ﻟﺤﯿﻮان واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ إﺛﻨﯿﻦ ،وﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺠﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺮﻣﻠﯿﺔ ﻗﺮب ﺛﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ دﯾﺴﻤﺒﺮ ، 1965ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ،واﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﯾُﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﮭﺎ ُرﻗﻊ ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺒﺎت زﻋﺮور اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ) (Camel thornاﻟﺸﺎﺋﻚ .وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺠﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة ُﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻈﮭﯿﺮة ،وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﺼﻄﺎدة أﻧﺜﻰ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ،وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﺑﻌﺾ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺤﻠﯿﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﮭﺎ .وﺑﻔﺤﺺ ُﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﻟﮭﺬه اﻷﻧﺜﻰ ،ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎ ﻣﻤﻀﻮﻏﺔ ﻟﺤﻮاﻟﻲ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ِﺳﺤﻠﯿﺎت )ﻋﻈﺎءات( ) (lizardsﺻﻐﯿﺮة ذات ﻟﻮن ﺑﻨﻲ وأﺳﻮد . وإﻧﮫ ﯾﺒﺪو ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺣﯿﻮان ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُرﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪهُ أرﺟﻠﮫ اﻟﻤﺰودة ﺟﯿﺪا ً ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﺐ ،ﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻷرض ﻹﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﺴﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ُﺟﺤﻮرھﺎ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن 1968؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ "ج .دﺑﻠﯿﻮ .أﻧﺪرﺳﻮن" ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﻻﻗﻰ ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ُﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻈﮭﯿﺮة ،ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﯾﻘﻮد ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﮫ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ "ﻻس ﺑﯿﻼس" ﺑﺒﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن ؛ وﻗﺪ أظﮭﺮ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﻮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟ ُﻤﺘﻄﻔﻠﺔ )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ . (1977 ،وﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺻﻄﯿﺪت ﺣﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮب اﻟ ُﺤﺪود اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ )أﯾﻠﻮل( 1976ﺗﻤﺖ رؤﯾﺘﮭﺎ ﻧﮭﺎرا ً أﯾﻀﺎ ً )ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻟﻘﺒﺲ . (1976 ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﺮﻣﺒﻮل واﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻟﮫ ﻧﮭﺎرا ً ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ 2012 )ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻷﻧﺒﺎء . (2014 ،وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ أزواج ،واﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺒﺪو أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺸﯿﺮ ﺴﻠﻮك ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺳﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ أن ھﻨﺎك راﺑﻄﺔ زوﺟﯿﺔ داﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻄﮭﻢ ،وھﺬا اﻟ ُ .ھﺬا وﯾﺬﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ) (1977أن أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎھﺪات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﯿﻼً )ﺧﻠﻒ ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b
The fore foot of a Honey Badger which was run over by car and killed in Ayn Sahalnoot in Dhofar Governorate, Oman on 24.09.2016. Photo by Khalid Ateeq. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10154518593503057&set=pcb.967364406724616
وﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ُﺟﺤﻮر ﺗﺤﻔﺮھﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻘﻮق واﻷﺷﺠﺎر اﻟ ُﻤﺠﻮﻓﺔ واﻷوﻛﺎر اﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎﺑﮭﺔ )ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ 1972؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c وإﻧﮫ ﻟﻤﻦ اﻟ ُﻤﺸﻮق أن ﻧُﺸﯿﺮ أن دوﺗﻲ ) ، (1888ﻧﻘﻼً ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺪو ،ذﻛﺮ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻌﺪو اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻟﺴِﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﺐ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة ذات اﻟﺬﯾﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ ھﻮ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ،واﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﻔﺮ ُﺟﺤﺮ اﻟﻀﺐ ﻟﺼﯿﺪ ِه واﻟﺘﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﯿﮫ .وﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أن دوﺗﻲ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﺸﺎھﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺎ ً اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ رﺣﻼﺗﮫ ،ﺣﯿﺚ أﻧﮫُ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ واﺛﻘﺎ ً إن ﻛﺎن ھﺬا اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎ ً ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺎ ً أو ُﺧﺮاﻓﯿﺎ ً !! وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻼﻧﻔﻮرد ) (1888أن ﻏﺬاء اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻘﻮارض وﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﺣﺎل ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ واﻟﻄﯿﻮر واﻟﻀﻔﺎدع واﻟﺤﺸﺮات وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ أﯾﻀﺎ ً اﻷطﻌﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ِ . اﻷﻓﺮﯾﻘﻲ ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ واﻟﻨﺤﻞ إذا أﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ .وﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ أﺳﻨﺎﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﺈن ﻏﺬاﺋﮭﺎ اﻟ ُﻤﻔﻀﻞ ھﻮ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ .وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ) (1941ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ أﻓﻌﻰ اﻟﻜﻮﺑﺮا اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ )أﻓﻌﻰ اﻟﺼﻞ أو اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ( ) (Naja najaواﻟﺘﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ .وﯾﺘﻐﺬى اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ روﺳﯿﺎ )أوﺟﻨﻒ ، (1935وﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن (1968 ،ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﻟﻲ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺤﺐ ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﺘﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺴﻞ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﺒﺮي ،وﯾﺘﻐﺬون ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺮﻗﺎت اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﺒﺮي )دوﻧﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر 1931؛ ﺟﻮن ﺑﻤﺒﺮﺗﻮن . (1974وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ ) (1972أن ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ أﺟﺰاء أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻹﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ طﺎﺋﺮ "دﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺣﻞ" ) (Honeyguideﻟﻜﻲ ﯾﺪﻟﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ؛ ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾُﻼﻗﻲ ھﺬا ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ )أو إﻧﺴﺎن( ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ ﺗُﻄﻠﻖ ﻧﺪا ًءا ُﻣﻌﯿﻨﺎ ً ،وﺗﻘﻮد ُ اﻟﻄﯿﺮ ُ ﻋﺶ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﺒﻌﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ُ )ﺧﻠﯿﺔ( ﻧﺤﻞ أو دﺑﻮر .وﯾﻘﻮم ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺑﺘﺪﻣﯿﺮ اﻟﻌُﺶ ،وﺳﺤﺐ أﻗﺮاص اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ، ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻐﺬى اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺎدرات ) (Pupaeواﻟﯿﺮﻗﺎت ) . (Larvaeوﺑﺴﺒﺐ ُﺣﺒﮫ ﻷﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُ ﺳﻤﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ب " ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ) Honey ﺟﻨﺴﮫ ب "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ) ، (Mellivoraوﻛﺬﻟﻚ ُ ) (Badgerﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
A Honey Badger was run over by car and killed in Ayn Sahalnoot in Dhofar Governorate, Oman on 24.09.2016. Photo by Khalid Ateeq. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10154518593328057&set=pcb.967364406724616
وﻟﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺻﯿﺎد ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺔ دادو ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴِﻨﺪ أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺤﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷرض اﻟﺮﻣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺤﺜﺎ ً ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺠﺬور اﻟﻌُﺼﺎرﯾﺔ )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ . (1977 ،ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ دوﻧﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر ) (1931أﻧﮫ ﺷﺎھﺪھﺎ ﺗﺤﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺮﻣﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪاول ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ أﯾﻀﺎ ً .وإذا ﺗﻢ أﺳﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﯿُﻤﻜﻨﮫ أن Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﯾﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﺟﯿﺪة إذا ﺗﻢ إطﻌﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﺑﺤﺘﺔ .ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﺜﻤﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺿﺞ ﻟﻠﺒِﺮ ) Ber ) (Zizyphus jubataﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ ) (1972أن ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺗﺘﻐﺬى ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺤﻔﺮون اﻷرض أﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ إﺻﻄﯿﺎدھﺎ ،وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﯿﻮر اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ وﺑﯿﻀﮭﺎ ،واﻟﺪواﺟﻦ اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ واﻟﺰواﺣﻒ واﻟﺒﺮﻣﺎﺋﯿﺎت .وﯾﺬﻛﺮ أن اﻟﺠﯿﻒ واﻟﻌُﺠﯿﺮات اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ) (Plant nodulesواﻟﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﻠُﺒﯿﺔ ) (berriesوﺛﻤﺎر أﺧﺮى ﺗُﻜﻤﻞ ﺗﻨﻮﻋﮭﺎ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أن ﯾﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﯿﺔ ﺴﻠﺤﻔﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ) (Tortoiseﺑﺄﺳﻨﺎﻧ ِﮫ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺬﻛﺮ زﯾﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ) (1970ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ أﯾﻀﺎ ً اﻟﻘﻮاﻗﻊ )درع( ﻟﻠ ُ واﻟﺪﯾﺪان )ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983cوﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻘﺎرﺗﺔ )آﻛﻠﺔ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت وﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت( واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ )ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
Padded Hind foot of a Honey Badger which was run over by car and killed in Ayn Sahalnoot in Dhofar Governorate, Oman on 24.09.2016. Photo by Khalid Ateeq. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10154518593618057&set=pcb.967364406724616
وﻗﺪ أﻛﺪ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ) (1941وﺑﺮﯾﺘﺮ ) (1965ﺑﺄن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﺑﺮﺷﺎﻗﺔ ،ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑُﻨﯿﺔ ﺟﺴﻤﮫ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ رﺷﯿﻘﺔ ﻧِﺴﺒﯿﺎ ً .وﻗﺪ ﺳﺠﻞ أوﺟﻨﻒ ) (1931ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﯿﻞ ﻛﻔﯿﺘﺶ ،واﻟﺬي أﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺤﯿﻮان آﻛﻞ ﻋﺴﻞ أﻟﯿﻒ ،ﺗﻢ أﺳﺮه ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﺑﺖ داغ ،وأﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﺑ ِﮫ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺳﻨﻮات .وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻷﻟﯿﻒ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ﯾﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد ھﺎﺗﻒ أﻣﻠﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺪودة ،وﻛﺎن ﯾﻨﺰﻟﻖ ﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﺑﺪون أن ﯾﻔﻚ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻲ أطﺮاﻓﮫ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ .وﻛﺎن أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ً ﯾﮭﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن . (1968 ،وﻗﺪ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ذﻛﺮ ﺟﻮن ﺟﺎﺳﺒﺮﯾﺘﻲ وزوﺟﺘﮫ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺳﺒﺮﯾﺘﻲ ) (1981ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮭﻢ "اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ" )ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺘﺮاك ﻣﻊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﻢ طﻠﺤﻮك وﻏﯿﺮه( ﺑﺄن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف إﻟﻰ ﻗﻤﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺪة أرﺑﻌﺔ ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ )ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c وﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻻ ﯾﺨﺎف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ؛ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ إﺻﺪار إﻓﺮاز ُﻣﻐ ٍ ﺚ ﻛﺮﯾﮫ ﻣﻦ ُ ﻏﺪﺗﮫ اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ .وإن رداءھﻢ اﻟﻼﻓﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ذو اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﻦ اﻷﺳﻮد واﻷﺑﯿﺾ ھﻲ ﻣﺜﺎل واﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻮان اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ،ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﻧﮭﺎ واﺿﺤﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﯿﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ُﻣﻘﻤﺮة .وﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻮة ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻤ ِﮫ .ﻓﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ) (1977أن ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴِﻨﺪ ،ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ھﻮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﺒﺎن ﺿﺨﻤﺎن ﻣﻦ ِﻛﻼب اﻟﺼﯿﺪ ،أﺳﺘﻄﺎع أن ﯾﺼﺪ ھﺠﻤﺎﺗﮭﻤﺎ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ھﺮﺑﺎ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﺎھﺪ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﻮود ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻣﺄﺳﻮرا ً أﺳﺘﻄﺎع أن ﯾﻌﺾ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ِﺳﻠﻜﯿﺔ ذات ﻗﯿﺎس ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ ﺛﻢ أﺳﺘﻄﺎع اﻟﮭﺮب .وﻓﻲ ﻛﯿﻨﯿﺎ أﺳﺘﻄﺎع ظﺮﺑﺎن أن ﯾﮭﺎﺟﻢ ﺑﻌُﻨﻒ اﻹطﺎرات اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﺷﺤﻦ وزﻧﮭﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أطﻨﺎن ،واﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻹﻋﺘﺮاض ﺳﺒﯿﻠﮫ .وﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻌُﺪواﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ أﻋﺪاﺋ ِﮫ ،ﻓﻠﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺟﻠﺪ ﺛﺨﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺪا ً وﻣﻨﯿﻊ ،وﻻ ﺗُﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ أﺷﻮاك اﻟﺸﯿﮭﻢ )اﻟﻨﯿﺺ( ) ، (Porcupineوأﻧﯿﺎب اﻟﺤﯿﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ،وﻟﺪﻏﺎت اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ،وﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻀﺎت اﻟﻜﻼب )دوﻧﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر ، 1931ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ، 1941ﺑﺮﯾﺘﺮ ، 1965ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن . (1968وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﻮن ﺑﻤﺒﺮﺗﻮن )(1974 أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﺬي ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻓﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﻤﻮرﯾﺎت )اﻟﻌﺮﺳﯿﺎت ،اﻟﺴﺮاﻋﯿﺐ( ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻮاﺣﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﺳﺔ ،وأﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻌﺮاك ،ﻓﮭﻲ ﻗﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻌَﻀﻼت ،وﺟﻠﺪھﺎ ﺛﺨﯿﻦ ﻓﻀﻔﺎض ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻜﺎد ﯾﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ إﯾﺬاﺋﮭﺎ )ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ إﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺟﯿﻨﺲ ﻟﻸرﻗﺎم اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻛﺄﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﺨﻮف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ) . (NDTV, 2020) (most fearless animal in the worldوﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮه ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ ،ﻛﯿﻒ أن إﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻛﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺿﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻮد ، وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ أﻧﺴﺤﺒﺖ ھﺬه اﻷﺳﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ ) . (NDTV, 2020وﻗﺪ ﻧُﺸﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﯿﻮﺗﯿﻮب ) (2019ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮه ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺘﻨﺰه ﻛﺮوﺟﺮ اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ،واﻟﺬي ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﯿﻒ أن أﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ھﺎﺟﻤﺖ ِﻧﻤﺮا ً ﺑﻀﺮاوة ﻟﺘﺪاﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻐﯿﺮھﺎ ،وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ أﻧﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﻨﻤﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻀﺎرﯾﺔ واﻟﺨﺎﺳﺮة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن )ﯾﻮﺗﯿﻮب ، 2019ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a وﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺪرة ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﻞ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ،ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﯿﻄﺔ واﻟﺴﺮﯾﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ .وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ) (1941أن ھﺎردوﯾﻚ رأى ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺄﺳﻮرة ﺣﻔﺮت ﻟﻨﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﺣﻔﺮة ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ً ﺧﻼل ﻋﺸﺮة دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻷرض اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ .وﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻲ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ُﺟﺤﻮر ،واﻟﺘﻲ إﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎ ً ﯾﺤﻔﺮھﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﺒﯿﺮ ُﺟﺤﻮر ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت أﺧﺮى ،وﺗﻠﻚ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺳﻤﻌﺘُﮭﺎ ﻛﺤﺎﻓﺮي ﻗﺒﻮر . ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﮭﺠﻮرة اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ أو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ ،واﻟﺘﻲ ُﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ ً ﻣﺎ ﺗُﻔﺴﺮ ُ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎد اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﻓﻲ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ ،ﺑﺄن وﻗﺪ أﺳﺘﻄﺎع دوﻧﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر ) (1931أن ﯾُﺜﺒﺖ ِ ً اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺤﻔﺮ أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ وﯾﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ُﺠﺜﺚ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ .وﯾُﻮﺟﺪ ھﺬا اﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎد أﯾﻀﺎ ﻟﺪى اﻟﺒﺪو اﻟﻌﺮب )ﺷﯿﺰﻣﺎن . (1926 ،وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ھﻨﺎك اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﺎت واﻷرﺑﻌﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ ،ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺄﻛﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﯿﺎ ً ُﺟﺜﺚ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ .وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻹﺳﺘﺸﮭﺎد اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ُ ً ﺑﻤﺜﺎل ﻣﻮﺛﻮق واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ واﻟﺬي ذﻛﺮه دوﻧﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر ) (1931آﻧﻔﺎ .وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﺒﯿﻮن ) (1933أﻧﮫ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﻤﺰﻋﻮﻣﺔ ،واﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ أي دﻟﯿﻞ إﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺤﻔﺮ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر وﯾﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ُﺠﺜﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ .وإن اﻹﺳﻢ اﻟﺴِﻨﺪي ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ھﻮ "ﺟﻮرﺑﺎت" ) (Gorpatواﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺎﻓﺮ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ 1977؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983cوﻓﻲ ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ ﯾُﻌﺮف ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "رﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر" ،وھﻨﺎك ﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﯿﺒﻲ ﯾﺬﻛﺮهُ )طﺮﯾﺤﺔ رﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر( ،وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺎدة ﺣﻔﺮ ِه ﻟﻠﻘﺒﻮر )ﻋﺰاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ، 2021 ،ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ﺳﻤﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﻛﺤﺎﻓﺮة وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻈﮭﺮھﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺐ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﺤﺎط ﺑﺎﻟ ُﺨﺮاﻓﺎت .ﻓﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ُ ﻟ ُﺠﺜﺚ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ ،ﻓﺈن ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴِﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺄن اﻹﻧﺴﺎن إذا ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ ﻟﻮﺣﺪ ِه ،وﻻﻗﻰ ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﯿﻞ ،ﻓﺈن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺳﻮف ﯾﻨﺘﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ أرﺟﻠ ِﮫ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ وﯾﺨﻨﻖ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺘﻨﻔﺴ ِﮫ .وﺑﻨﺎ ًءا ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺆ ِذ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ ً ﯾﺘﻢ ﻗﺘﻠﮫ إذا ﺗﻤﺖ ُﻣﻼﻗﺎﺗﮫُ ؛ وﺣﺘﻰ اﻟ ُﻤﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ اﻟ ُﺤﺮاس ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﯿﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﯾﻘﺘﻠﻮﻧﮫُ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ُرؤﯾﺘﮫ !! .واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎن ﺣﯿﺚ أﻧﮫ ﯾﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻌﺎﺑﯿﻦ واﻟﻘﻮارض ،وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﻟﺸﯿﺊ ﯾﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك إﺟﺤﺎف ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدل ﺿﺪ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ 1977؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
A Honey Badger was run over by car and killed in Ayn Razat in Dhofar Governorate, Oman on 02.06.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1085046164866175&set=gm.885478181579906
وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﺣﯿﻮان آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺪواﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ طﺒﯿﻌﺘﮫ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ، (1968 ،ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾُﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻢ ُﻣﮭﺎﺟﻤﺘﮫُ ،وھﻮ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺪ ِﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺜﺨﺎﻧﺔ وﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ ﻟﺮداء ِه اﻟﻤﻨﯿﻊ .وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ ) (1972أن اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺘ ِﮫ اﻟﺪُھﻨﯿﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻲ َﻣﺮﺧﯿﺔ ﺟﺪا ً ،ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ َﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎ ً أن ﯾُﺪﺧﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﮭﺎ )ﺧﻠﻒ ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004bوﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺪِﻓﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﺒﮭﺎ اﻟﻘﻮﯾﺔ ،وﻋﻀﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗُﺴﺒﺐ ﺟﺮوﺣﺎ ً ﺷﺪﯾﺪة ،ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ ُﻣﺰودة ﺑﺮاﺋﺤﺔ ﺧﺎﻧﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻓﺮاز اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ ُ ﻏﺪدھﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ .ھﺬا وإن ُ ﻏﺪﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﻮل ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻹﺧﺮاج ،ﺗﺸﺒﮫ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻮان أﺑﻮ ﻋﻔﻦ )اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﻲ( ) (Skunk؛ ھﺬا ﻣﻊ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻢ أن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" )ﻣﻠﯿﻔﻮرﯾﻨﻲ( ) (Mellivorinaeﻻ ﺗﻀﻢ إﻻ ﻧﻮﻋﺎ ً واﺣﺪا ً ﻓﻘﻂ أﻻ وھﻮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن )آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ( ) Mellivora ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﮭﺎ x 30 . (capensisوﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ) (1946أن اﻟﻐُﺪد اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻧﺜﻰ اﻟ ُ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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20ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ،وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻤﻠﻮءة ﺑﺈﻓﺮاز ﻟﻮﻧﮫ أﺻﻔﺮ ﯾﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﺨﺮدل اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ .وﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻷﻧﻒ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ أن ﺗﻜﺘﺸﻒ راﺋﺤﺘﮫُ اﻟ ُﻤﻐﺜﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑُﻌﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 45ﻣﺘﺮا ً )ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، ﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﻨﺘﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ أﺑﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﺑﺤﺮ وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻌُﻠﻤﺎء اﻟ ُﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ اﻷواﺋﻞ ِ اﻟﺠﺎﺣﻆ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ِ 255-159ھﺠﺮﯾﺔ ) 868-775ﻣﯿﻼدﯾﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺤﯿﻮان" ﻼﺣ ِﮫ .وﯾُﻘﺎل : أن " :اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أﻧﺘﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﺴﻮة ،وﻗﺪ ﻋﺮف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﮫُ ﻣﻦ أﺷﺪ ِﺳ ِ "أﻓﺴﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن" ،وﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻔﺮق اﻟﻨﻌﻢ ،ﯾﺮﯾﺪون ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻦ رﯾﺢ ﻓُﺴﺎﺋﮫ .وﯾُﻘﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﻞ إذا وﻗ َﻊ ﺴﺎ ﺑﯿﻨ ُﮭﻤﺎ ظﺮﺑﺎن" .وﯾُﻘﺎل " :أﻧﺘﻦ ﻣﻦ ظﺮﺑﺎن" ﻷن اﻟﻀﺐ إﻧﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ ٌ ﺷﺮ ﻓﺘﺒﺎﯾﻨﺎ وﺗﻘﺎطﻌﺎ " :ﻓ َ ﯾﺨﺪع )ﯾﺪﺧﻞ( ﻓﻲ ُﺟﺤﺮه وﯾُﻮ ِﻏﻞ ﻓﻲ ِﺳﺮﺑﮫ ﻟﺸﺪة طﻠﺐ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻟﮫ .وﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻌﺮب :إﻧﮫ رﺑﻤﺎ دﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ُ ﺴﻮا ٍ ت ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻔﺮق اﻹﺑﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﺮك ،ﺗﺘﺮﻛﮫ وﻓﯿﮫ ِﺧﻼل اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺑﻞ ﻓﯿﻔﺴﻮ ،ﻓﻼ ﺗﺘ ُﻢ ﻟﮫ ﺛﻼث ﻓَ َ ﻗِﺮدان ،ﻓﻼ ﯾﺮدُھﺎ اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ إﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭ ِﺪ اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪ" . ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ أﺑﻮ ﯾﺤﯿﻰ زﻛﺮﯾﺎ ﺑﻦ ُﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻘﺰوﯾﻨﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ 682-600 ِھﺠﺮﯾﺔ ) 1283-1203ﻣﯿﻼدﯾﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت وﻏﺮاﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدات" أن " :اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن دُوﯾﺒﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﮭﺮة ُﻣﻨﺘﻨﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ،ﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﻧﺘﻦ أﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻨﮭﺎ ،ﻟﻮ ﺷﻤﺖ اﻹﺑﻞ راﺋﺤﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﮭﺎ ، ﺷﺮدت وﺗﻔﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻌﺐ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ؛ وﻟﻮ ﻓﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮب ﻻ ﺗﺰول ﻋﻨﮫُ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ إﻟﻰ أن ﯾﺒﻠﻰ وﻟﻮ ُ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺧﻤﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺮة .وھﻮ ﻋﺪو اﻟﻀﺐ" .وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ُﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﯿﺴﻰ اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ِ 808-742ھﺠﺮﯾﺔ ) 1405-1341ﻣﯿﻼدﯾﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮫ "ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻜﺒﺮى" أن " :اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن دُوﯾﺒﺔ ﻓﻮق ﺟﺮو اﻟﻜﻠﺐ ُ ،ﻣﻨﺘﻨﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ،ﻛﺜﯿﺮة اﻟﻔﺴﻮ" )ﺧﻠﻒ ، 1983c . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ھﺬا وإﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﻚ أن اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻼﻓﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻟﮭﻲ ﻣﺜﺎل واﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮﯾﺔ ،وھﻲ ﺻﻔﺔ ُﻣﻤﯿﺰة ﺗﺠﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﺧﺼﻢ ﯾُﻔﻀﻞ ﺗﺠﻨﺒﮫ .وﻗﺪ وردت أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗُﺼﺪق ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ً ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ) (1941ﺣﯿﺚ ذﻛﺮ أن آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﻲ ﻗﺘﻞ ذﻛﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻮس ) (bull buffaloوﻧﻮ )ﺛﯿﺘﻞ أﻓﺮﯾﻘﻲ( )) (Wildebeest, Gnuﺧﻠﻒ ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ ) (1972أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﯾﺨﻔﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ،وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺄن ﯾﺤﻔﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﺣﻔﺮة ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ .وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ ِﺣﻜﺮه ﻓﻲ زاوﯾﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﺳﯿﮭﺎﺟﻢ أي ﺣﯿﻮان ﺣﺘﻰ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ،ﻣﻊ إﺻﺪار ﺻﻮت زﻣﺠﺮة ﺷﺮﺳﺔ ) . (snarling viciouslyوإن ُ ﻏﺪدھﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻧﺸﯿﻄﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺎت .وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺟﻠﺪھﺎ اﻟﺨﺸﻦ ،ﻓﺈن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﻜﻮن آﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟ ُﻤﻔﺘﺮﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة )ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ ، 1972ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c ﺴﻠﻮﻛﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ،ﻓﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ 6ﺷﮭﻮر ،ﻟﺘﻠﺪ ﻋﺎدة ﺻﻐﯿﺮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ .وﺗﺘﻢ وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟ ُ اﻟﻮﻻدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ أﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﺼﯿﻒ ،وﯾُﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﻸﻧﺜﻰ ﺑﻄﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ واﺣﺪة .وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﻮرﺗﺮﯾﺪج ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ ﺗﻠﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺻﻐﯿﺮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ .وﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺰاوج ﻓﻲ ) (1934أن اﻟ ُ اﻟﺼﻐﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮي أﺑﺮﯾﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺧﻼل ﺷﮭﺮي ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ )أﯾﻠﻮل( وأﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ )ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻦ اﻷول( ؛ وﺗﻮﻟﺪ ِ )ﻧﯿﺴﺎن( وﻣﺎﯾﻮ )آﯾﺎر( .وﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺗُﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻼﺣﻒ اﻟﺴﮭﻮب ) (Steppe cheloniansﺟﺰ ًءا ھﺎﻣﺎ ً ﻣﻦ وﺟﺒﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻐﺬى أﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻮاﻋﺎ ً أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰواﺣﻒ )ﺳﺎﺑﻮز ّھﻨﻜﻮف وآﺧﺮﯾﻦ 1963؛ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ، 1968ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﺸﻘﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﮭﻠﻮاﻧﯿﺔ رأﺳﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺐ ،وﻗﺪ ﺷﻮھﺪ وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أﻟﯿﻒ وﻟﻌﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺮ ،وﻟﺪﯾﮫ ُ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات وھﻮ ﯾُﻤﺎرس ھﺬا اﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ .وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ) (1977أن ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻟﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ وھﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ؛ وﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﺸﻘﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺠﺎﺋﯿﺔ .وﻟﻘﺪ ﺷﺎھﺪ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﻮود ﻓﻲ زاﻣﺒﯿﺎ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ زوﺟﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن وھﻢ ﯾﻨﺰﻟﻘﻮن ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ُﻣﻨﺰﻟﻖ طﯿﻨﻲ ﺳﻠﻮك ُﻣﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻋﺔ ) . (Otterوﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺸﯿﺘﮭﻢ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ﻣﺸﯿﺎ ً ُﻣﺘﺜﺎﻗﻼً ﻛﺎﻷﺧﺮق ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻲ ُ ً ﻏﯿﺮ رﺷﯿﻖ ) ، (clumsy shufflingوﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺮدودا إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻮق ظﮭﻮرھﺎ )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ 1977؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983cﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ ) (1972أن ﻟﻮدوﯾﺞ ھﯿﻚ ﻛﺘﺐ ":ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ُﻣﺴﺘﺄﻧﺴﺔ ، ﺳﻠﻮك ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدي ...وھﻲ ﺗُﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪاﺋﻘﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ وھﻢ ُﻣﻔﻌﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ وﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ُ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟ ُﻤﺤﺒﺒﺔ ،وﯾُﻤﻜﻦ اﻹﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻷﻋﻮام ﻋﺪﯾﺪة" .وﯾﺬﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ) (1977أن أﻓﺮادا ً ﻋﻤﺮ 23ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ً )ﺧﻠﻒ . (2023a ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c ﻣﺄﺳﻮرة ﻋﺎﺷﺖ ﺣﺘﻰ ُ
A Honey Badger was run over by car and killed on the road to Taqah in Dhofar Governorate, Oman on 13 September 2017. Photo by: Nasser Al Kindi. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10155531018635619&set=pcb.1305303566264030
ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﺮاث اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ :
ﻟﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ أﺑﻲ ﻋُﺜﻤﺎن ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﺑﺤﺮ اﻟﺠﺎﺣﻆ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ِ 255-159ھﺠﺮﯾﺔ )868-775 ﻣﯿﻼدﯾﺔ( ﻓﻲ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ " ِﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺤﯿﻮان" واﻟﺬي ﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ أول ِﻛﺘﺎب ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ُوﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ِﻋﻠﻢ اﻟ َﺤﯿﻮان ، ﻋﻠﻰ أن ّ واﻟﻈ ْﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ .واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺧﻠﻘﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﻠﺐ اﻟﺼﯿﻨﻲ ،وھﻮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن واﺣﺪٌ ، ِ ٌ ﻣﻨﺘﻦ ﺟﺪًا ،ﯾﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ُﺟﺤﺮ اﻟﻀﺐ ﻓﯿﻔﺴﻮ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ،ﻓﯿﻨﺘﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺑﯿﺘﮫ ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾُﺬﻟﻖ اﻟﻀﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﺘﮫ ،ﻓﯿﺼﯿﺪه ﻼﺣ ِﮫ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ .واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أﻧﺘﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﺴﻮة ،وﻗﺪ ﻋﺮف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﮫُ ﻣﻦ أﺷﺪ ِﺳ ِ ُ ﺤﺮه وﻓﯿﮫ ﻼﺣﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻵﻟﺔ ،إذا ﻗﺮب اﻟﺼﻘﺮ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ . ﺳ ِ اﻟ ُﺤﺒﺎرى ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ُ واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﺐ ُﺟ َ ﻀﮫ ،ﻓﯿﺄﺗﻲ أﺿﯿﻖَ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ُﺠﺤﺮ ﻓﯿﺴﺪُه ﺑﯿﺪﯾﮫ ،وﯾﺤﻮل أﺳﺘ َﮫ ﻓﻼ ﯾﻔﺴﻮ ﺛﻼث ﻓﺴﻮا ٍ ت ُﺣﺴﻮﻟﮫ أو ﺑﯿ ُ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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آﺧﺮ ُﺣﺴﻮﻟﮫ . ﻓﯿﺨﺮ ﺳﻜﺮانَ ﻣﻐﺸﯿًﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ،ﻓﯿﺄﻛﻠﮫ ،ﺛﻢ ﯾﻘﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ ُﺟﺤﺮه ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ُﺪار ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺐ ِ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾ َ ﺊ ﻋﻨﺪه ﺳﻮاه .وﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻌﺮب :إﻧﮫ رﺑﻤﺎ دﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ِﺧﻼل واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﻌﻠﻢ أن ِﺳﻼﺣﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺴﺎﺋﮫ ،ﻟﯿﺲ ﺷﯿ ٌ ُ ﺴﻮا ٍ ت ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻔﺮق اﻹﺑﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﺮك ،ﺗﺘﺮﻛﮫ وﻓﯿﮫ ﻗِﺮدان اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺑﻞ ﻓﯿﻔﺴﻮ ،ﻓﻼ ﺗﺘ ُﻢ ﻟﮫ ﺛﻼث ﻓَ َ ،ﻓﻼ ﯾﺮد ُھﺎ اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ إﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭ ِﺪ اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪ .وﯾُﻘﺎل " :أﻓﺴﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن" ،وﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻔﺮق اﻟﻨﻌﻢ ،ﯾﺮﯾﺪون ﺴﺎ ﺑﯿﻨ ُﮭﻤﺎ ظﺮﺑﺎن" . ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻦ رﯾﺢ ﻓُﺴﺎﺋﮫ .وﯾُﻘﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﻞ إذا وﻗ َﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ ٌ ﺷﺮ ﻓﺘﺒﺎﯾﻨﺎ وﺗﻘﺎطﻌﺎ " :ﻓ َ وﯾُﻘﺎل " :أﻧﺘﻦ ﻣﻦ ظﺮﺑﺎن" ﻷن اﻟﻀﺐ إﻧﻤﺎ ﯾﺨﺪع )ﯾﺪﺧﻞ( ﻓﻲ ﺟُﺤْ ﺮه وﯾُﻮ ِﻏﻞ ﻓﻲ ِﺳ ْﺮﺑﮫ ﻟﺸﺪة طﻠﺐ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻟﮫ .وﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻔﺮزدق ) 110 – 38ھﺠﺮﯾﺔ( ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ : ظﺮاﺑﻲ ﻣﻦ ِﺣﻤﺎنَ ﻋﻨِﻰ ﺗﺜﯿﺮھﺎ وﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖُ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎر اﻟﺠﺤﯿﻢ ﻷﺻﺒﺤﺖ ُ ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺠﺎﺣﻆ أﺑﯿﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ أﻧﺸﺪھﺎ أﺣﺪ اﻟ ُ ﺸﻌﺮاء اﻟﻌﺮب ﻋﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن : ُ ﺐ اﻟﻜﺸﻰ واﻟﻮ َﺣ ُﺮ اﻟ ُﺤ ْﻤ ُﺮ اﻟﻮ ْردُ ﻗﺪ ﺷﻔﮫ ُﺣ ُ واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن َ ُ اﻟﻀﺐ ﻣﺬﻟﻮﻟﯿﺎ ً وﻟﻮ ﻧﺠﺎ أھﻠﻜﮫ اﻟﺬﻋ ُْﺮ ﯾﻠﻮذ ﻣﻨﮫ ُ ﺼ ُﺮ وﻟﯿﺲ ﯾُ ْﻨﺠﯿ ِﮫ إذا ﻣﺎ ﻓﺴﺎ ﺷﯿ ٌ ﺊ وﻟﻮ أﺣﺮزهُ ﻗً ْ ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ أﺑﻮ ﯾﺤﯿﻰ زﻛﺮﯾﺎ ﺑﻦ ُﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻘﺰوﯾﻨﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ 682-600 ِھﺠﺮﯾﺔ ) 1283-1203ﻣﯿﻼدﯾﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت وﻏﺮاﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدات" أن " :اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن دُوﯾﺒﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﮭﺮة ُﻣﻨﺘﻨﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ،ﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﻧﺘﻦ أﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻨﮭﺎ ،ﻟﻮ ﺷﻤﺖ اﻹﺑﻞ راﺋﺤﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﮭﺎ ، ﺷﺮدت وﺗﻔﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻌﺐ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ؛ وﻟﻮ ﻓﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮب ﻻ ﺗﺰول ﻋﻨﮫُ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ إﻟﻰ أن ﯾﺒﻠﻰ وﻟﻮ ُ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺧﻤﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺮة .وھﻮ ﻋﺪو اﻟﻀﺐ" )اﻟﻘﺰوﯾﻨﻲ 1978؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c . (2023a أﻣﺎ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ُﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﯿﺴﻰ اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ِ 808-742ھﺠﺮﯾﺔ ) 1405-1341ﻣﯿﻼدﯾﺔ( ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ ِﻛﺘﺎﺑﮫ "ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻜﺒﺮى" واﻟﺬي ﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ أواﺋﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ " :اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻈﺎء اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﺮان ،د ُوﯾﺒﺔ ﻓﻮق ﺟﺮو اﻟﻜﻠﺐ ُ ،ﻣﻨﺘﻨﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ،ﻛﺜﯿﺮة اﻟﻔﺴﻮ .وﻗﺪ ﻋﺮف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ،ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ ِﺳﻼﺣﺎ ً ﻟﮫ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ اﻟ ُﺤﺒﺎرى ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﺤﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻼح إذا ﻗﺮب اﻟﺼﻘﺮ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ .ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﻘﺼﺪ ُﺟﺤﺮ اﻟﻀﺐ وﻓﯿ ِﮫ ُﺣﺴﻮﻟﮫ وﺑﯿﻀﮫ ،ﻓﯿﺄﺗﻲ أﺿﯿﻖ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﯿ ِﮫ ،ﻓﯿﺴﺪه ﺑﺬﻧﺒﮫ وﯾُﺤﻮ ُل دُﺑﺮه إﻟﯿﮫ ،ﻓﻼ ﯾﻔﺴﻮ ﺛﻼث ﻓﺴﻮات ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾُﻐﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﺐ ﻓﯿﺄﻛﻠﮫ ،ﺛﻢ ﯾﻘﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ ُﺟﺤﺮه ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ آﺧﺮ ُﺣﺴﻮﻟﮫ .وﺗﺰﻋﻢ اﻷﻋﺮاب أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻔﺴﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻮب أﺣﺪھﻢ إذا ﺻﺎدھﺎ ،ﻓﻼ ﺗﺬھﺐ راﺋﺤﺘﮫ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺒﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻮب" )اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي 2007؛ ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c وﯾُﻜﻤﻞ اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي )" : (2007واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر اﻟﮭﺮة واﻟﻜﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﻠﻄﻲ ،وھﻮ ُﻣﻨﺘﻦ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ظﺎھﺮا ً ﺻﻤﺎﺧﺎن ﺑﻐﯿﺮ أذﻧﯿﻦ ،ﻗﺼﯿﺮ اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ ،وﻓﯿﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺮاﺛﻦ ﺣﺪاد ،طﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ،ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﻈﮭﺮ ِه وﺑﺎطﻨﺎ ً ،ﻟﮫ ِ ورﺑﻤﺎ ظﻔﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﮫ ﻓﻘﺎر وﻻ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ،ﺑﻞ ﻋﻈﻢ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮأس إﻟﻰ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ُ . ﻓﯿﻀﺮﺑﻮﻧﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﯿﻮف ﻓﻼ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﯿﮫ ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﯿﺐ طﺮف أﻧﻔﮫ ،ﻷن ﺟﻠﺪه ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻼﺑﺔ .وﻣﻦ ﻋﺎدﺗﮫ أﻧﮫ إذا رأى اﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎن دﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﮫ ووﺛﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ،ﻓﺈذا أﺧﺬه ﺗﻀﺎءل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻮل ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﺷﺒﯿﮭﺎ ً ﺑﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺣﺒﻞ ،ﻓﯿﻨﻄﻮي اﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎن ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ،ﻓﺈذا أﻧﻄﻮى ﻋﻠﯿ ِﮫ ﻧﻔﺦ ﺛﻢ زﻓﺮ زﻓﺮة ﯾﺘﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ اﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎن ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ً ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ً .وﻟﮫ ﻗﻮة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﯿﻄﺎن ﻓﻲ طﻠﺐ اﻟﻄﯿﺮ ،ﻓﺈذا ﺳﻘﻂ ﻧﻔﺦ ﺑﻄﻨﮫ ﻓﻼ ﯾﻀﺮه اﻟﺴﻘﻮط .وﯾﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺑﻞ ﻓﯿﻔﺴﻮ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ،ﻓﺘﺘﻔﺮق ﺗﻠﻚ اﻹﺑﻞ ﻛﺘﻔﺮﻗﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺮك ﻓﯿﮫ ﻗﺮدان ،ﻓﻼ ﯾﺮدھﺎ اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ إﻻ ﺑ ُﺠﮭﺪ ، وﻟﮭﺬا ﺳﻤﺘﮫ اﻟﻌﺮب ُﻣﻔﺮق اﻟﻨﻌﻢ ،وھﻮ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﺑﺒﻼد اﻟﻌﺮب .واﻟﮭﺠﻤﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺑﻞ .وﯾُﺤﺮم أﻛﻠﮫُ ﻹﺳﺘﺨﺒﺎﺛ ِﮫ .وﯾُﻘﺎل ) :ﻓﺴﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن( إذا ﺗﻘﺎطﻊ اﻟﻘﻮم" )اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي 2007؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ، 1983c . (2006f ، 2004bوﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ :أﻻ أﺑﻠﻐﺎ ﻗﯿﺴﺎ ً وﺟﻨﺪب أﻧﻨﻲ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ً ﻣﻀﺮب اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن . Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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ھﺬا وﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي أﻧﮫُ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ذات اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن .ﻓﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ إﻓﺮازھﺎ ﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ ﻧﺘﻨﺔ )ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ( ،ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ أﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﻀﺐ )(Dhab Lizard ،وھﻲ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﺎءات ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ وﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ،وﺗُﺴﻤﻰ أﯾﻀﺎ ً ب "ﻗﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺠﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ" )) (Egyptian Spiny-tailed Lizardﺗُﺴﻤﻰ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﻓﻌﮭﺎ رأﺳﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺣﻮﻟﮭﺎ( ،وإﺳﻤﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ) ، (Uromastyx aegyptia microlepisﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻘﺼﺪ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ )ﺻﻐﺎرھﺎ( وﺑﯿﻀﮭﺎ .ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ِ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﺟﺤﻮر اﻟﻀﺐ وﯾﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﻠﻰ ُﺣﺴﻮﻟﮭﺎ ِ ﻛﺼﻐﺮ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ،وﻗِﺼﺮ اﻷطﺮاف ،واﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺤﺎدة ،وطﻮل اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ،وﻣﺮوﻧﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ ؛ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ِ ﻋﻦ ِﺟﻠﺪھﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﯿﻚ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﯿ ِﮫ اﻟﺴﯿﻮف ،وأن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺿﻌﻔﮭﺎ ھﻲ طﺮف أﻧﻔﮭﺎ .وذﻛﺮ اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي ﻋﻦ ُھﺠﻮﻣﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻌﺎﺑﯿﻦ واﻟﺘﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ؛ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪرﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺘﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﯿﻮر ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻘﮭﺎ ﻟﻺﺑﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ إﻓﺮازھﺎ ﻟﻠﺮاﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﯾﮭﺔ ؛ وﻋﻦ ُﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﮭﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺧﺒﺚ راﺋﺤﺘﮭﺎ .ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أن أﻋﺪادھﺎ ﻛﺜﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد اﻟﻌﺮب )ﺧﻠﻒ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c
https://www.facebook.com/The.Muslim.researchers/photos/a.390064377822089/8306 92977092558/?type=3 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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36 1180744425.1618773637&fbclid=IwAR0XlmRbnJRnyrrDTiyX1Eew8pT6ALZwLAB-v3Q5CdWOAnIp0tRkyyhSgo Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah N.; Kamal E. Elkahlout, Fayez A. Almabhouh, Walid F. Mohamed, Norman A. Khalaf, Mona A. Al-Sadek, Randa N. Alfarra, Lamis T. Al-Moqayed, Ashraf A. Shafei, Nedal A. Fayyad, Belal S. Adeem, Ayman W. Dardona, Abdallah S. Awad, Mohammed R. Al-Agha, Mohammed A. Abd Rabou (02.2021). Occurrence and Some Ecological Aspects of the Golden Jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Open Journal of Ecology, 2021, Volume 11, Issue 2 (February 2021), pp. 105-125. ISSN Print: 21621985, ISSN Online: 2162-1993. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352789879_Occurrence_and_Some_ Ecological_Aspects_of_the_Golden_Jackal_Canis_aureus_Linnaeus_1758_in_the_ Gaza_Strip_Palestine & https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinforcitation.aspx?paperid=107121 & https://www.academia.edu/49435817/Occurrence_and_Some_Ecological_Aspe cts_of_the_Golden_Jackal_Canis_aureus_Linnaeus_1758_in_the_Gaza_Strip_Pale stine Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah (16.04.2021). European or Eurasian Badger (Meles meles) records from the Gaza Strip. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/drarabou/posts/4094682243887003 Abu Baker, M. A., Amr, Z. (2002). Status of the Eurasian Badger, Meles meles, in Jordan (Carnivora: Mustelidae). Zool Mid East 27: 13-20. Abu Taleb, M. H. (2008). Studies on some vertebrates of Gaza Strip – Palestine. Ph. D. Thesis, Ain Shams University – Egypt / Al-Aqsa University – Palestine. (The Joint Program for Higher Studies). Aharoni, B. (1932). Die Muriden von Palästina und Syrien. (Translated by J. H. Lewis, No. 142, USNMRU-3, Cairo, Egypt. Z. Säugetierkd., 7:166-240. Aharoni, B. (1944). An Egyptian bat, new to Palestine. Bull. Zool. Soc. Egypt, Cairo, 6:26. Aharoni, Israel (1917). Zum Vorkommen der Säugetiere in Palästina und Syrien. Z. Mitt. Dt. Paläst. Ver., 40: 235-242. Aharoni, Israel (1930). Die Säugetiere Palästinas. Z. Säugetierkd. 5: 327-343. Akhtar, S. A. (1945). On the habits of the Marbled Polecat, Vormela peregusna. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 45:142. Al-Dabagh, Mustafa Murad (1985). The Plant and Animal Kingdoms in our Land Palestine, and its relation to the Names of Sites. Beirut. (In Arabic). Ali-Shtayeh, M.S., Hamad A.K. (1997). Biodiversity in Palestine: West Bank and Gaza Strip, (pp. 469-529). In: Proceedings of the Arab experts meeting on biodiversity in the Arab world (Ed. ACSAD: The Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands (Damascus) and the Technical Secretary of the League of the Arab States (Cairo). 1-5 October 1995, Cairo, Egypt. ACSAD/AS/P171/1997. Damascus.
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37 Al-Jumaily, M. M. (1998). Review of the mammals of the Republic of Yemen. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 17: 477-502. Al-Kindi, Nasser (14 September 2017). A Honey Badger killed on the Road to Taqah, Dhofar, Oman on 13 September 2017. Wildlife of Oman. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/groups/422287751232287/posts/1305303566264030 Allen, G. M. (1915). Mammals obtained by the Phillips Palestine Expedition. Bull. Comp. Zool. Harv. Uni. 59: 3-14. Al-Shanfari, Said Mohammed (07.06.2016). Video: Ratel or Honey Badger (Koor) ُ in Dhofar Governorate in Oman. ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ، ﻋﻤﺎن ُ ، ﻛﻮر( ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺻﻼﻟﺔ، ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ )ظﺮﺑﺎن 2016 . Wildlife of Oman. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/groups/422287751232287/posts/888509321276792 Al-Shanfari, Said Mohammed (05.07.2016). Video (10 seconds): Ratel or Honey Badger (Koor) in Dhofar Governorate in Oman. Wildlife of Oman. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/groups/422287751232287/posts/905153022945755 Al-Shanfari, Said Mohammed (10.07.2016). Video: The den of the Ratel or Honey Badger (Koor) in Salalah, Dhofar Governorate in Oman. Wildlife of Oman. Facebook & YouTube. https://www.facebook.com/groups/422287751232287/posts/908133815981009 & https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDLom7W6I9A Amr, Z. S. (2000). Jordan country study on biological diversity: Mammals of Jordan. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Amman. Amr, Zuhair S. & Disi, A. M. (1988). Jordanian Mammals acquired by the Jordan University Natural History Museum. Dirasat Nat. Sci., Amman. 15: 3-32. Amr, Zuhair S., Kalishaw, G., Yousef, M., Chilcot, B. J., Al-Budari, Adnan (1996). Carnivores of Dana Nature Reserve (Carnivora: Canidae, Hyaenidae, and Felidae), Jordan. Zool Mid East 13:5-16. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09397140.1996.10637701 Amr, Zuhair S., S. Woodbury, and A. M. Disi (1987). On a collection of mammals from Jordan. Dirasat Nat. Sci. (Amman), 14: 131-136. Anonymous (1945). Further notes on Palestine Mammals. Bull. Jerusalem Nat. Club 12:1. Anonymous (1946). The Schmitz Collection of Mammals. Bull. Jerusalem Nat. Club 23:1-2. Anonymous (1966). Al Manar Newspaper. 25th March 1966. Appendix (2): Classification and Environmental Information on Mammals in Palestine. Palestinian National Information Centre, Palestinian National Authority, Palestine. www.pnic.gov.ps/english/Environment/Environment_Appendices.htm Araf, Dr. Shukri (1992). Palestinian Sites between two Eras and Maps. Jerusalem. (In Arabic). Atallah, Sana Issa (1966). Mammalogy. In: International Jordan Expedition 1966. (Boyd, J. M., ed.). Nature, London, 212:664-666.
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40 Flower, S. S. (1932). Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 102: 369-450. Gancz, Ady (27.09.2019). Honey Badger couple photographed in south Israel in January 2019. Israel Wild Mammals. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=937908896576605&set=gm.24822589185 32795 Gao W., Lu Z., Liang Y., Ren Z.-M. (2020). Complete mitochondrial genome of Mustela sibirica (Carnivora: Mustelidae), a protected and endangered species in China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resource 5(1):1081–1083. Gasperetti, J., Harrison, David L., Büttiker, W. (1985). The Carnivora of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 7: 397-461. Gross, C. (1987). Mammals of the Southern Gulf. Arabian Heritage Series, Motivate Publishing, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Grzimek, Bernhard (Editor) (1972). Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. Mammals 3. Volume 12. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, USA. Harrison, David L. (1959). Footsteps in the sand. Benn Pub., London. pps. 254. Harrison, David L. (1964). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 1. Introduction, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Primates. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xx + 192 pp. Harrison, David L. (1968). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 2. Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Hyracoidea. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xiv + 193-381 pp. Harrison, David L. (1972). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 3. Lagomorpha and Rodentia. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xvii + 384-670. Harrison, David L. (1981). Mammals of the Arabian Gulf. George Allen & Unwin, London, pps. 92. Harrison, David L. and Bates, P. J. (1991). The Mammals of Arabia. second edition. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, Kent. xvi+ 354. Harrison, David L. and R. E. Lewis (1964). A Note on the Occurrence of the Weasel (Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766) (Carnivora: Mustelinae) in Lebanon. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 29:3, 179-181. Hatough-Bouran, A. and A. M. Disi (1991). History, distribution, and conservation of large mammals and their habitats in Jordan. Environ. Conserv., 18: 19-44. Hatt, R.T. (1959). The Mammals of Iraq. Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan. Number 106. pps. 113. Heptner, V.G. and N.R. Naumov, (1974). Die Säugetiere der Sowjetunion. VEB Verlag, Berlin. Hoath, R. (2003). A field guide to the mammals of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Egypt. Howells, Victor A. (1956). Naturalist in Palestine. Andrew Melrose Pub. London. pps. 180. Ilani, G. (1977). Zoogeographical and ecological survey of carnivores: Mammalian carnivora in Israel and the administered areas. Israel Journal of Zoology, 26(3/4):25. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
41 Ilani, G. (1979). Zoogeographical and ecological survey of carnivores in Israel and administered areas. Israel Nature Reserves Authority, Tel Aviv, Israel.
A Honey Badger eating in captivity in Basrah, Iraq. 11.09.2016. https://www.facebook.com/Basra2009/photos/a.124940597538296/1310450098 987334/?type=3 Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1980). Tabie’t Al-Talawon fi Al-Haywanat (The Colouration of Animals). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 1. January 1980, Safar 1401. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 4-5. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman (1982). A’maar Al-Haywanat (Animal Ages). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 18, Third Year, First Semester, Saturday 6.11.1982. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 7. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman (1983a). Haywan Al-Ghurair (Al-Gharir) fi Falestin wa Shibeh Al-Jazeera Al-Arabia (The Badger in Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula). AlKhalisah Bulletin. The National Palestinian Assemblage. Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. First Year. Number 2. February 1983. pp. 12 -13. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman (1983b). Ta’qib ‘Ala Maqal ‘Ilmi: Haywan Al-Ghurair (AlGharir) (A Scientific Comment: The Badger). Al-Khalisah Bulletin. The National
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42 Palestinian Assemblage. Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. First Year. Number 3. April 1983. pp. 20. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1983c). The Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) in the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. First Year. Number 2. August 1983. pp. 1-30. Hanweiler, Saarland, Federal Republic of Germany. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1983d). The Brown Bear in Palestine and the rest of the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. First Year. Number 3. November 1983. pp. 1-6. Al Salimiah, State of Kuwait. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1984-1985). The Weasel Project: Scientific Research on captive weasels (Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766) in the Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Durham, England, during the Academic Year 1984-1985. Supervisor: Dr. Nigel Dunstone. Unpublished scientific research and data & scientific diary. Research Notebook. pp. 1-56. Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1987). A Trip to Kuwait Zoo, State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. Fifth Year, Number 13, Ramadan 1407 AH, April 1987 AD. pp. 1-5. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Palästina, Norman Ali Bassam (1988). The Honey Badger in Kuwait Zoo, State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. RilchingenHanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 18, Sixth Year, Rabie’ Alakher 1409 AH, November 1988 AD. pp. 1-2. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). A Trip to Zoo Budapest, Hungary. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 21, Ninth Year, January 1991. pp. 1-4. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). The Otter (Lutra lutra) in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 22, Ninth Year, February 1991. pp. 1-4. Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). Notes on the Biological Ecology of the Marshes in Southern Iraq. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 29, Tenth Year, September 1992. pp. 1-9. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). The United Nations Ecological Report confirms: The Regime of Saddam is destroying the Marshes (Al-Ahwar) Ecosystem. Sawt Al-Kuwait International Newspaper. Saturday 17 October 1992, 21 Rabi’e Al-Thani 1412. pp. 15. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Gazelle. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 30, Tenth Year, October 1992. pp. 1-7. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
43 Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan 1994. pp. 16-21. (In Arabic). Acquaintance Card: Majallet Al-Ghazzal (Gazelle Magazine): The Palestinian Biological Bulletin, Bonn, Germany. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan 1994. pp. 51-52. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). A Palestinian Zoologist: Dr. Sana Issa Atallah. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Environmental Affairs 2 and Dinosaurs. http://gazelle.8m.net/custom3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Extinct and Endangered Animals in Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). Threatened Mammals. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Syrian Bear. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Homepage. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Mustelids of Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Homepage. Mammals in Palestine and the Book “Mammalia Arabica”. http://gazelle.8m.net/catalog.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Common Weasel. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Homepage. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004a). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-0141219. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2004: 452 Seiten/Pages. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004: 460 Seiten/Pages. SelfPublisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004b). The Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) in the Arabian Peninsula. In: Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-014121-9. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2004. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004. pp. 428-399. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
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A Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) at Meir Segals Garden University Zoo, Tel Aviv. https://zooinstitutes.com/animals/persian-honey-badger-meir-segalsgarden-university-zoo-2440.html
Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005a). The Mammals in Dubai Zoo, Dubai City, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological bulletin. Number 45, Twenty-third Year, September 2005, Sha’ban 1426. pp. 1-14. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005b). The Rafah Zoo in the Rafah Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip, Palestine: A Story of Destruction by the Israeli Occupation Army. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 46, Twenty-third Year, October 2005, Ramadan 1426. pp. 1-11. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (2005c). The Qalqilia Zoo and the Natural History Museum in the City of Qalqilia, West Bank, Occupied Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal 1426. pp. 1-10. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (Member of PALESTA) (2005d). Palestinian Scientists and Technologists Abroad (PALESTA). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal 1426. pp. 11-12. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
45 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006a). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine / Die Säugetiere Palästinas. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 55, Twenty-fourth Year, July 2006, Jumada AlThania 1427.pp. 1-46. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://archive.is/xmclD & http://web.archive.org/web/20080315233525/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Mammalia_Palaestina1.html (Part 1) & http://web.archive.org/web/20090403201333/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Mammalia_Palaestina2.html (Part 2). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006b). Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 19802006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006, 484 pp. SelfPublisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/mammaliaarabica.htm & https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mjzf_I_b8wTX_BHd1RsuU4ykhJlIKW2/view?usp=sharing Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006c). The Mustelids of Palestine. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006. pp. 151. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006d). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine / Die Säugetiere Palästinas. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006. pp. 240-285. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006e). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006. pp. 286-293. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, RilchingenHanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006f). The Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) in the Arabian Peninsula. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006.
Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
46 pp. 457-428. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Khalaf,
Rilchingen-Hanweiler,
A Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) at Haifa Educational Zoo & Botanical Garden. https://zooinstitutes.com/animals/persian-honey-badger-haifaeducational-zoo-amp-botanical-garden-15055.html
Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006g). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 57, Twenty-fourth Year, September 2006. pp. 1-7. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://web.archive.org/web/20080320083547/http://www.geocities.com./jaffa city/Weasel_Palestine.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006h). The Mustelids of Palestine.http://web.archive.org/web/20080820200053/http://www.geocities.c om/jaffacity/Palestine_Mustelid.html Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). Carnivora Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 2005-2008. / Carnivora Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 2005-2008. First Edition, September 2008, Ramadan 1429 AH. 396 pps. Self-Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. ISBN 978-9948-03-459-9. (In Arabic, English and German). http://dr-norman-alikhalaf-books.webs.com/carnivoraarabica.htm & eBook:
Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
47 https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59551346/book-carnivoraarabica-by-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-2008 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Carnivora Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 2005-2008. / Carnivora Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 2005-2008. ISBN 978-9948-03-459-9. First Edition: September 2008. pp. 71-78. Self-Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler,Deutschland. Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). Carnivora Palaestina: The Carnivores of Palestine / Die Raubtiere Palästinas. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 82, October 2008, Shawal 1429 AH. pp. 1-25. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://de.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Fauna_Arabica/conversations/mes sages/31 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009a). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009b). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self-Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/59498633/faunapalaestina-1-book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-2009 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009c). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009. pp. 185-192. SelfPublisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2010). Fauna Emiratus Part One. Zoological Studies in the United Arab Emirates between 2004 - 2009. / Fauna Emiratus – Teil Eins. Zoologische Studien in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zwischen 2004 - 2009. ISBN 978-9948-15-462-4. Erste Auflage/First Edition, November 2010: 350 Seiten / Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
48 Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunaemiratuspart1.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012a). Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition: July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. 208 Seiten / Pages (Arabic Part 120 Pages and the English Part 88 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59602956/fauna-palaestinapart-2-book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2012 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2012b). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition : July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. pp. 69-77. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012c). The Rafah Zoo in the Rafah Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip, Palestine: A Story of Destruction by the Israeli Occupation Army. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition: July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. pp. 101-108. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. (Article in Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. 364 pages (English Part 350 Pages and the Arabic Part 14 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart3.htm Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2014a). Killing Incidents of Wild Animals in the State of Palestine in 2013. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Volume 32, Number 109, January 2014, Rabiea Al Awal 1435 AH. pp. 1-17. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://animals-of-palestine.webs.com/killing-incidents-ofanimals Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014b). Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pps. 456 (English part 378 pp. & Arabic part 78 pp.) Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
49 House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestinapart-1.webs.com/faunapalaestina4.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014c). Haywan Al-Ghurair (AlGhurairy) Al-Farisi fi Filastin wa Shibeh Al-Jazeera Al-Arabia / The Persian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) in Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 16-36. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014d). Killing Incidents of Wild Animals in the State of Palestine in 2013. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 246-270. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine.
Book cover of Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016. By: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa (2015). https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10153256376109831&set=a.127745184830
Khalaf, Norman Ali (04 November 2014e). Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) at the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo, Al-Malha, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Palestine, on 02 August 2013. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
50 https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10152773143849831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015a). Haywan Al-Ghurair (Al-Ghurairy) Al-Farisi fi Filastin wa Shibeh Al-Jazeera AlArabia / The Persian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) in Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Volume 33, Number 123, March 2015. pp. 1-17. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (in Arabic). http://animals-ofpalestine.webs.com/persian-badger Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2015b). Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Fünf. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2016. ISBN 978-9950383-92-0. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. 448 pp. (English Part 304 Pages and the Arabic Part 144 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://faunapalaestina-books.webs.com/& eBook (Google Drive): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C9Vo6oBn4AAYB7XnpeIGgEXgOBZFzar6/v iew?usp=sharing Khalaf, Norman Ali (12 November 2016). Honey Badger in Palestine. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10154629333819831&set=a.10154629333 689831 Khalaf, Norman Ali (17 August 2019). Research on Durham Weasels 1984/85. دراﺳﺔ ﺣﯿﻮان إﺑﻦ ﻋﺮس ﻓﻲ دورھﺎم. Facebook. Photo Album. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/media_set?set=a.10157382702 789831&type=3 Khalaf, Norman Ali (03 March 2020). Happy World Wildlife Day. 03 March 2020. The Palestinian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) in Al-Quds (Jerusalem). https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10157956015084831&set=a.10150211908 229831 Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (August 2020). The Weasel Project: Scientific Research on captive weasels (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in the Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Durham, England, during the Academic Year 1984-1985. Supervisor: Dr. Nigel Dunstone. Scientific Research and Data & Scientific Diary. Research Notebook. pp. 1-56. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 38, Number 188, August 2020, pp. 1-56. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://carnivores-of-palestine2.webs.com/weasels-in-durham & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/weasel_project_zoology_department_durham_universit Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (September Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
51 2020). The Weasel Project: Scientific Research on captive weasels (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in the Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Durham, England, during the Academic Year 1984-1985 (Part Two). Documents, Data and Activity Charts & Graphs. Supervisor: Dr. Nigel Dunstone. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 38, Number 189, September 2020, pp. 1-32. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of https://carnivores-of-palestinePalestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. 2.webs.com/weasels-in-durham & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/weasel_project_2 Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali (17.04.2021a). A rare record from the Gaza Strip: A Badger (Meles meles) was caught alive from the eastern boundaries of Gaza City on 14.04.2021. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159077072824831 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (29 April 2021b). A rare record from the Gaza Strip : A Syrian Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna syriaca Pocock, 1936) was caught alive from the eastern boundaries of Gaza City on 25.04.202. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159103124479831&set=a.127745184830 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (8 May 2021c). Ghurair Caucasi (Caucasian Badger). ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي. Wikipedia Arabic. http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/ﻏﺮﯾﺮ_ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (10 May 2021d). Wait for my next scientific article on the rare presence of Caucasian Badgers (Meles meles canescens) in the Gaza Strip. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159127512124831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (28 May 2021e). Wait for my next scientific article on the rare presence of the Syrian Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna syriaca Pocock, 1936) in the Gaza Strip, and a review of its distribution in Palestine and the northern Arabian Peninsula. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159168031439831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (01 June 2021f). A rare second record in 2 months from the Gaza Strip: A Badger (Meles meles) was caught alive from Al-Tal Al-Akhdar Neighborhood area, east of Al-Bureij Refugee Camp in the Central Gaza Strip, Palestine on 31.05.2021. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159176963374831 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (01 June 2021g). Video: A rare second record in 2 months from the Gaza Strip: A Badger (Meles meles) was caught alive from Al-Tal Al-Akhdar Neighborhood area, east of Al-Bureij Refugee Camp in the Central Gaza Strip, Palestine on 31.05.2021. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159176972044831 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
52 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (06 June 2021h). Gaza Wildlife in Danger: A second rare record in 2 months from the Gaza Strip: A Syrian Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna syriaca Pocock, 1936) was caught alive from Rafah area, southern Gaza Strip on 05.06.2021. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159187330659831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (07 June 2021i). We must establish the Gaza Nature Reserve as soon as possible to protect what is left of the rare wild animals of Gaza. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159189340594831 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (17 June 2021j). Wait for my next scientific article on the presence of the Persian Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni Cheesman, 1920) in Palestine, and a review of its distribution in the northern Arabian Peninsula. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159211495094831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (16 July 2021k). Wait for my next scientific article on the presence of the Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis Schreber, 1776) in the Levant, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159271590874831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (November 2022). Rare Records of the Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) from the Gaza Strip, and a review of its distribution in Palestine and the northern Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 40, Number 215, November 2022, pp. 1-31. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). https://palestinestamps.webs.com/persian-badger Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (December 2022). Rare Records of the Syrian Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna syriaca Pocock, 1936) from the Gaza Strip, and a review of its distribution in Palestine and the northern Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 40, Number 216, December 2022, pp. 1-40. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). https://palestinestamps.webs.com/syrian-marbled-polecat & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/marbled_polecat_in_gaza_palestine & https://www.academia.edu/49181656/Rare_Records_of_the_Syrian_Marbled_P Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
53 olecat_Vormela_peregusna_syriaca_Pocock_1936_from_the_Gaza_Strip_and_a_r eview_of_its_distribution_in_Palestine_and_the_northern_Arabian_Peninsula & https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352247938_Rare_Records_of_the_Sy rian_Marbled_Polecat_Vormela_peregusna_syriaca_Pocock_1936_from_the_Gaz a_Strip_and_a_review_of_its_distribution_in_Palestine_and_the_northern_Arabi an_Peninsula Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (January 2023a). The Persian Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni Cheesman, 1920) in Palestine, and a review of its distribution in the northern Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 41, Number 217, January 2023, pp. 1-49. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). https://palestine-stamps.webs.com/apps/blog/
A Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) somewhere in Palestine. Photo from a trail camera. https://www.mako.co.il/news-channel2/Friday-Newscastq2_2018/Article3b6fee8b634e261004.htm?fbclid=IwAR1TpWyyap8kq0jqpiRkEudgnpwv3Xxxml_4L6Ls6 QSgLZgdK5mzpLBo9-I
Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (February 2023b). The Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis Schreber, 1776) in the Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
54 Levant, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 41, Number 218, February 2023, pp. 1-61. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). https://arabiancarnivores.webs.com/honey-badger King, C.M. (1984). The Mustelids. In: The Encyclopedia of Mammals, McDonalds, D. (Ed.). Facts on File, New York, ISBN-13: 978-0871968715, pp: 108132. Kingdon, J. (1990). Arabian mammals: a natural history. Academic Press, London. Kock, D. (1983). Identifizierung der Palästina-Genetten von J. Aharoni als Vormela peregusna (Güldenstädt, 1770). Z. Säugetierkd., 48: 381-383. Kock, D.; Kinzelbach, R. (1982). Der Dachs, Meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in NW-Syrien. Zeitschrift Für Säugetierkunde. Volume 47 (5), Verlag Paul Parey Hamburg und Berlin (Deutschland, Germany) 1982. Kruukm, Hans and Kack, Lil De (1981). Food and Habitat of Badgers on Monte Baldo, Northern Italy. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. Volume 46 (5). Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin (Deutschland, Germany). 1981. Kumerloeve, H. (1967). Zur Verbreitung kleinasiattischer Raub-und Huftiere sowie einiger Großnager. Säuget. Mitt., 4: 337-409. Kurtonur, C., B. Ozkan, I. Albayrak, E. Kivanc and H. Kefelioglu (1996). Turkiye Omurgalilar Tur Listesi (Memeliler). R and D Facility Institute of Tubitak, Turkey. Lehmann, E. (1966). Taxonomische Bemerkungen zur säugerausbeute der kumerloeveschen Orient-reisen. Zoologische Beiträge, 12: 251-317, Berlin. Lewis, R. E. and Dr. Sana Issa Atallah (1966). A note on the occurrence of Mellivora capensis ssp. in Northern Saudi Arabia (Mellivorinae: Mustelidae). Zeit. F. Säugetierkd., 31 (1966) 115: 390-392. Lewis, R. E.; Lewis, J. H.; and Dr. Sana Issa Atallah (1968). A review of Lebanese mammals. Carnivora, Pinnipedia, Hyracoidea and Artiodactyla. J. of Zool. (London) 154: 517-531. List of mammals of the State of Palestine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_the_State_of_Palestine Marbled Polecat walks over rocks, Israel Video. https://www.gettyimages.fi/detail/video/marbled-polecat-walks-over-rocksisrael-stock-video-footage/1B08154_0010 Masseti, Marco (1995). Quaternary Biogeography of the Mustelidae Family on the Mediterranean Islands. Proc. II It. Symp. on Carnivores. Hystrix, (n.s.) 7 (1-2) (1995): 17-34. Masseti, Marco (2009). Carnivores of Syria. In: Neubert, E., Amr, Z., Taiti, S. and Gumus, B. (Eds): Animal diversity in the Middle East. Proceedings of the 1st Middle Eastern Biodiversity Congress, Aqaba, Jordan 20-23 October 2008, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
55 ZooKeys, 31: 229-252. Mendelssohn, Heinrich; Yom-Tov, Y. (1999). Fauna Palaestina: Mammalia of Israel. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Keterpress Enterprises, 439 pp. Misonne, X. (1957). Mammifères de la Turquie sud-orientale et du nord de la Syrie. Mammalia, Paris. 21: 53. Musil, A. (1927). The Middle Euphrates. Amer. Geog. Soc. Pub. New York, pps. 426. Mustelids of Lebanon (14.10.2020). Lebanese Wildlife. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/posts/1756539501175495 & https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/photos/1756539304508848 & https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/photos/1756539457842166 N12 (18.04.2020). Where has the Honey Badger gone? (In Hebrew). A Video on the Honey Badgers in Israel. https://www.mako.co.il/newschannel2/Friday-Newscast-q2_2018/Article3b6fee8b634e261004.htm?fbclid=IwAR1TpWyyap8kq0jqpiRkEudgnpwv3Xxxml_ 4L6Ls6QSgLZgdK5mzpLBo9-I Nader, I. A. (1989). Rare and endangered mammals of Saudi Arabia. In: AbuZinada, A.H., Goriup, P. D., Nader, I. A. (eds): Proceedings of the First Symposium Wildlife Conservation and Development in Saudi Arabia. February 1987. National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development, Riyadh, S.A. Nader, I. A. (1990). Checklist of the mammals of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 11: 329-381. Nader, I. A. (1996). Distribution and status of predators in Saudi Arabia. J. Wildlife Res, 1:210-214. NDTV (06.08.2020). These Small Animals took on a Pride of Lions - And won. Watch Crazy Video. https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/these-honey-badgers-tookon-a-pride-of-lions-and-won-watch-crazy-video-2275221 Neal, Ernest G. (1977). Badgers. Blandford Press: Poole Dorset. England 1977. Nehring, A., (1902). Über Foetorius sarmaticus und Spermophilusb von Konstantinopel, Sitz. Ber. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin. Neumyer, Scott (24.08.2015). Israel's 10 most beautiful animals. https://www.fromthegrapevine.com/nature/israels-10-beautiful-animals Özkurt, Ş., M. Sözen, N. YİĞİT, E. Çolak (1998). Notes on distributional records and some characteristics of five carnivore species (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Turkey. Turkish J. Zool. 22: 285-288. Ognev, S. I. (1931). The Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Vol. 2, Carnivora, Fissipidae. Glavnauka. Moscow. 775 pp. Ognev, S. I. (1935). The Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Vol. 3, Carnivora, Fissipidae, and Pinnipidae. Glavnauka. Moscow. 752 pp. Orni, Efraim and Elisha Efrat (1966). Geography of Israel. Second Revised Edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 363 pp. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
56 Palestine Wildlife Society (2016). Mammals: The Ratel, Honey Badger Mellivora capensis. اﻟﺮاﺗﻞ أو ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ. http://www.wildlife-pal.org/en/life/type/2 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (2000). Biodiversity in Palestinian territory. Ramallah, Palestine. Palestinian Institute for Arid Land and Environmental Studies (1996). A preliminary investigation of biodiversity in Palestine: Problems and prospects, West Bank, Palestine. Pocock, R. I. (1935). The Mammals collected in south-east Arabia by Mr. Bertram Thomas and Mr. H. St. J. B. Philby. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10). 15: 441-467. Pocock, R. I. (1936). The Polecats of the Genus Putorius and Vormela in the British Museum. P. Z. S. London, 1936: 720. Pocock, R. I. (1941). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Vol. II. Taylor and Francis Pub. London. pps. 503. Pocock, R. I. (1946). External and Cranial Characters of some Rare Asiatic Mammals recently exhibited by the Society. P. Z. S. London. 1946: 115; 314. Prater, S. H. (1965). The Book of Indian Animals. 2nd ed. (rev), Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay. Prince, F. P. G. (2001). Research in zoological gardens. Lutra, 44 (2): 75-80. Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (1992). Review of “Mammals of Arabia” by D.L. Harrison and P.J. Bates. J. Mammal., 73: 228-229. Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (1996). Mammals of the Holy Land. Texas Tech University Press. pps. 389. Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (2017). Fauna of Wadi Al-Quff Protected Area: Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals. Jordan Journal of Natural History, 3, (2017), pp. 70-92. https://www.rscn.org.jo/fauna-wadi-al-quff-protected-area-amphibiansreptiles-and-mammals & http://www.rscn.org.jo/sites/default/files/basic_page_files/Article_5_0.pdf Qumsiyeh, Mazin B., Amr, Zuhair, S., Shafee, D. (1993). The status and conservation of carnivores in Jordan. Mammalia, 57 (1): 55-62. Rifai, L. B.; D. M. Al Shafee, W. N. Al Melhim, and Zuhair S. Amr (1999). Status of the Marbled Polecat, Vormela peregusna (Güldenstädt, 1770) in Jordan. Zoology in the Middle East, 17: 5-8. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09397140.1999.10637764?journ alCode=tzme20 Roberts, Tom J. (1977). Mammals of Pakistan. Ernst Benn Ltd., London, 361 pp. Saleh, M. A. and M. Basuony (1998). A contribution to the mammalogy of the Sinai Peninsula. Mammalia 62: 557-575. Sanborn, C. C. (1940). Mammals from Iraq. Appendix F, pps. 156-162 in Field, H. The Anthropology of Iraq. Pt. I. No. 1. The Upper Euphrates. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Anthrop. Ser. 30. Sapozhenkov, Yu F., Gorelov, Yu K., Zhernovoi I. V. and Svyatoi, V. I. (1963). Distribution and Ecology of Mellivora capensis indica Kerr in Turkmenia. Zool. Zhur. 42 (6): 961. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
57 Schlawe, L. (1981). Material, Fundorte, Text- und Bildquellen als Grundlage für eine Artenliste zur Revision der Gattung Genetta G. Cuvier, 1816 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Viverridae). Zool. Abh. (Dres.), 37: 85-182. Serhal, A. (1985). Wild mammals of Lebanon. Rihani House Est, Beirut. Shortridge, G. C. (1934). The Mammals of South-West Africa. William Heinemann Pub. London. Volume I. pps. 437. Talhouk, Abdul Monim S.; Wilhelm Büttiker, John Gasperetti, Patricia R. Gasperetti & Dick Massey (1981). The Wildlife of Arabia. Stacey International, London, England. Temple, H.J., Cuttelod, A. (2008). The status and distribution of Mediterranean mammals. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), New York. The Father Schmitz Collection. https://smnh.tau.ac.il/en/the-father-schmitzcollection/ The Royal Jordanian Society for the Conservation of Nature (07.11.2016). Honey Badger. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/rscn.org/photos/a.487891855505/101577026468555 06/?type=3 Thesiger, Wilfred (1959). Arabian Sands. Longmans, London. pps. 330. Thomas, O. (1880-1923). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., London. Thomas, O. (1900). On the Mammals obtained in South-western Arabia by Messrs. Percival and Dodson. P. Z. S. London. 1900: 95. Tristram, H. B. (1866). Report on the Mammals of Palestine. Proc. Zool. Soc. London.1866: 84-93. Tristram, H. B. (1867). The Natural History of the Bible. Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge Publ. London. 515 pp. Tristram, H. B. (1884). The Fauna and Flora of Palestine. The Survey of Western Palestine. Palestine Exploration Fund, London. 455 pp. UNEP (2003). Desk study on the environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya. Valtzer, Noa (20.01.2019). Honey Badger footprints in Israel. https://www.facebook.com/groups/IsraelWildMammals/permalink/20614665 03945374 Von Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel (1776). Viverra capensis Schreber, 1776. Die Säugethiere, pl. 125 (1777), text pp. 450, 588. Wikipedia. Robert Ernest Cheesman. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ernest_Cheesman Wikipedia. Europäischer Dachs. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ischer_Dachs Wikipedia. European Badger. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_badger Wikipedia. Ghurair Caucasi. ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي.http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ_ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي
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58 Wikipedia. Ghurair Europi. ﻏﺮﯾﺮ أوروﺑﻲ. https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3 %D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A Wikipedia. Haywanat Filastin. ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ. by: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa. (In Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86% D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Wikipedia. Honey Badger. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_badger Wikipedia. Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber Wikipedia. ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ. https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7 %D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84 Wikipedia. Tigeriltis. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigeriltis Wikipedia. Transkaukasischer Dachs. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkaukasischer_Dachs Wozencraft, W.C. (1993). In Order Carnivora: Mammal Species of the World. In: A Taxonomic and Geographic References, Wilson, D.E. and D.M. Reeder (Eds.). 2nd Edn., Smith Institute, Washington, DC. Yassin, M. M., Abd Rabou, A. N., Al-Agha, M. R. (2006). Preliminary survey of terrestrial vertebrate fauna and people’s awareness towards wildlife in the Northern Governorate of the Gaza Strip. Al-Azhar Bull Sci: Zool. Bot. 17(1):17-41.
Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis). Photo: Prof. Dr. Heinrich Mendelssohn (After Dr. Mazin B. Qumsiyeh, 1996). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
59 Yom-Tov, Y. (1988). The zoogeography of the birds and mammals of Israel. In: Yom-Tov Y, Techernov E (eds.). The zoogeography of Israel: The distribution and abundance at a zoogeographical crossroad. ed., Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht. Yom-Tov, Y. (2003). Poaching of Israeli wildlife by guest workers. Biol Conserv, 110: 11-20. YouTube (05.02.2019). Honey Badger Rescues Her Baby from Leopard. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLG_Q8FJda0 Zoo Institutes. Persian Honey Badger Mellivora capensis wilsoni at zoos worldwide. https://zooinstitutes.com/animals/persian-honey-badger-3078/ . ﺤیﺎة ﻓﻠسطین اﻟبر�ﺔ: ﻓیسبوك https://www.facebook.com/PalestineWild/posts/600535690027808?stream_ref =10 . ( و�ﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻨبﺎء واﻟمﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻟﻔﻠسطینیﺔ )وﻓﺎ. اﻟحیﺎة اﻟحیواﻨیﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین http://www.wafainfo.ps/atemplate.aspx?id=2378 ﺘﻘر�ر.. " ﻤواطن ﯿتمكن ﻤن ﻗتﻞ ﺤیوان ﻏر�ب اﻟشكﻞ دﻫسﺎً �مر�بتﻪ ﻓجر "اﻟجمﻌﺔ. ﻤوﻗﻊ "اﻟحﻘیﻘﺔ اﻟدوﻟیﺔ" اﻷردﻨﻲ
. 01.07.2011 . ز�د اﻟمراﺸدة. ُﻤصور http://www.factjo.com/pages/fullnews.aspx?id=28422 . ﻓیسبوك. ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﻌرﺴیﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻟبنﺎن https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/posts/1756539501175495 . ﻓیسبوك. اﻟحیﺎة اﻟبر�ﺔ اﻟﻌراﻗیﺔ https://www.facebook.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D 8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9857867184256968 . ﻓیسبوك. اﻟمر�ز اﻟﻌراﻗﻲ ﻟﻠحیﺎة اﻟبر�ﺔ https://www.facebook.com/IraqiWildlifeCenter . ﯿوﺘیوب. )اﻟﻐر�ر( اﻟحیوان اﻟذي �خشﺎﻩ اﻟجمیﻊ ﻤﻊ ﻤحمد ﺤمدان. (24.04.2021) ﻤحمد ﺤمدان ﺼیﺎد اﻷﻓﺎﻋﻲ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS1M6v2pr0Q )إﺒن ﻋرس( �ﻌیش ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین وﺘحدﯿداً ﻓﻲ اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟشرﻗیﺔ ﻟمدﯿنﺔ. (25.04.2021) ﻤحمد ﺤمدان ﺼیﺎد اﻷﻓﺎﻋﻲ
. ﻓیسبوك. ﻏزة https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1437082853321401&set=a.297519877277 710 . وﯾﻜﯿﺒﯿﺪﯾﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ. ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي.(2021 ﻣﺎﯾﻮ8) ﻧﻮرﻣﺎن ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺎم ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﯿﺎﻓﺎوي. د.أ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ_ﻗﻮﻗﺎزيhttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/ . 2019 ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ21 . ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك. ﺳﻨﺪﯾﺎن. (اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻤﺮﻗﻂ )إﺑﻦ ﻋﺮس ﻣﻨﺘﻦ ﻣﺠﺰع أو ﺳﻤﻮر https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=404437690158987&id=3 59015694701187 . ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك. ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ أو رﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ﻓﻲ ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ. (2021 ﻣﺎﯾﻮ9) ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺰاﻟﺪﯾﻦ https://www.facebook.com/matose.libo/posts/1681075945434241 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
60 وﺳﺎم ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﻌﯿﺜﻞ اﻟﺪرﯾﻌﻲ ) 31ﻣﺎﯾﻮ . (2021ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻜﺮطﮫ أو اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮ )اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮه( .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . =https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1218028618637227&id 100012903008038 ُ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ اﻟﺬوﯾﺦ )أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﺟﺲ( ) 8ﻣﺎرس . (2020ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر وﺗﺴﻤﻰ "اﻟﻤﺴﺎره" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺒﺪوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن . اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/WildlifeofJordan/posts/2737392112976444 ﻣﺮوﻋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺎم ) 9أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ . (2012ﺗم إﺻطﯾﺎد ﺣﯾوان اﻟﺿرﺑﺎن أو ﻧﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺑور ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﻓﯾﻔﺎ )ﻓﯾﻔﺎء( ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ ﺑﺗﺎرﯾﺦ . 03.07.2012 https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=206253146173141&set=a.111306619 001128&type=3 أودﯾﻞ أﺑﻮ ﯾﻘﻈﺎن )ُ . (14.10.2020 ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ .ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺳﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن .اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﯿﺔ .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/posts/1756539501175495 ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻷﻧﺒﺎء ) . (20.02.2014ﺑﺎﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ ..ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺣﺶ "اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮ" ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ . https://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/last/446836/20-02-2014أﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪﷲ ) 9ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ . (2021ﻓﻨﯿﺲ اﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ ل "اﻟﺮأي" :آﻟﻤﻨﻲ رؤﯾﺘﮫ ﻣﯿﺘﺎ ً ..ووددتُ ﻟﻮ رأﯾﺘﮫ ﺣﯿﺎ ً :اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل اﻟﻤﺪھﻮس ..ﯾﺠﺪد طﻠﺒﺎت "اﻟﻤﻤﺮات اﻵﻣﻨﺔ" .اﻟﺮأي . https://www.alraimedia.com/article/1520903 اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ) 27ﻣﺎرس . (2020ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/751071328560257/photos/a.751381258529264/1113 953548938698/?type=3 ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ اﻟﺠﻮد ) 24ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ . (2019ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=355290528733143 ﻣﻘﺪام ﻗﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻔﺮطﻮﺳﻲ ) 2أﻏﺴﻄﺲ . (2015ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ أو اﻟﻜﺮطﮫ .اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺮﺿﺔ واﻟﻤﮭﺪدة ﺑﺎﻹﻧﻘﺮاض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=735490263243557 ﺷﻔﻖ ﻧﯿﻮز ) 1ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ . (2013ﺣﯿﻮان "ﻣﺮﻋﺐ" ﯾﻘﺘﺤﻢ ﺣﯿﺎ ً ﺳﻜﻨﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻒ وﯾﮭﺎﺟﻢ اﻟﻤﺎرة واﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ﺗﻄﺎرده ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎر . https://www.facebook.com/Ta7shish8gb/photosﺗﺤﺸﯿﺶ 8ﻛﯿﻜﺎ .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . إﯾﮭﺎب ﻋﯿﺪ ) 26ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ . (2020ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ أو اﻟﺮﺗﻞ .اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/WildlifeofJordan/posts/2994828370566149 ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻟﻘﺒﺲ )ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ . (1976ﺻﯿﺪ ﺣﯿﻮان "اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮ" ﺣﯿﺎ ً ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺘﯿﺔ ﻗﺮب اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ . ﺟﻮن ﻟﻲ ﺑﻤﺒﺮﺗﻮن ) . (1974اﻟﻠﺒﻮﻧﺎت اﻵﺳﯿﻮﯾﺔ .ﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ :أﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﮭﺎدي .ﻟﯿﺪﯾﺒّﺮد ﺑﻮك ﻟﯿﻤﺘﺪ ،ﻻﻓﺒﻮرو ، أﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا . اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻓﺮج زﯾﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ) . (1970أطﻠﺲ ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ .دار اﻟﺸﻌﺐ :اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ،ﻣﺼﺮ . أﺑﻮ ﯾﺤﻲ زﻛﺮﯾﺎ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻘﺰوﯾﻨﻲ .ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت وﻏﺮاﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدات .دار اﻵﻓﺎق اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ،ﺑﯿﺮوت ،ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ،اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ . 1978 ، أﺑﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﺑﺤﺮ اﻟﺠﺎﺣﻆ .ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺤﯿﻮان .ﺳﺒﻌﺔ أﺟﺰاء .ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﺤﻠﺒﻲ وأوﻻده ﺑﻤﺼﺮ . اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﻋﻮام . 1945-1938 ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﯿﺴﻰ اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي .ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻜﺒﺮى .ﺟﺰءان ) 1104ﺻﻔﺤﺔ( .دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ .ﺑﯿﺮوت ،ﻟﺒﻨﺎن .اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ . 2007. ﺳﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﯾﺪي ) 28ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ . (2021ﺻﺪم اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل )ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻮرة وﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ۱۹٥ﻛﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . =https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=3781687331879718&id 100001154660473 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023
61 اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ﻧﯿﻮز ) 17ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ . (2020ﻗﺘﻞ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي ھﺎﺟﻤﺖ ﺳﻜﺎن ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎر .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/AnbarNews10/posts/2850930155175141 اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ) . (15.11.2020ﺷﺎھﺪ ..ﺣﯿﻮان "ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" اﻟﻨﺎدر رﺻﺪه اﻟﺸﺎب "ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﮭﺪﯾﺮس" ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ "اﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ" ﺷﺮق ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺒﻮك .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/AlArabiya.Saudi/posts/2895433790740208 اﻟﺒﺼﺮة ) . (11.09.2016ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ )اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮﯾﺔ ،اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺼﺮة ،اﻟﻌﺮاق .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/Basra2009/photos/a.124940597538296/1310450098 987334/?type=3 ﯾﮭﻮد اﻟﯿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ واﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ ) 05ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ . (2015ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ .ﺑﻌﺪ أن أﻛﻞ ﺣﻤﺎر ﺣﯿﻮان ُﻣﻔﺘﺮس ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻤﻦ ﯾﻨﮭﺶ ﺟﺴﺪ ﺷﺎب وﯾﺮدﯾﮫ ﻗﺘﯿﻼً .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/1479377422285644/photos/a.1479899838900069/16 13469762209742/?type=3 ُ اﻟﺼﻐﺎر ﻣﻦ "اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ" .ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺒﺼﺮي ) 11ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ . (2016اﻷﻣﮭﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﺗﺨﯿﻒ اﻷطﻔﺎل ِ "اﻟﺒﺼﺮة" .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/Basra2009/photos/a.124940597538296/1310450098 987334/?type=3 اﻟﺒﺼﺮة ) 11ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ . (2016ﺻﻮرة ﺣﯿﻮان ظﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺄﺳﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺼﺮة .ﻣﻮﻗﻊ "اﻟﺒﺼﺮة" .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/Basra2009/photos/a.124940597538296/1310450098 987334/?type=3 ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﻷزھﺮ ) 02ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ . (2016ﺣﯿﻮان ُ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﻲ طﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﯿﻦ رزات ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر اﻟﻌُﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ .ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك . https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1085046164866175&set=gm.8854781815 79906
Scientists For Palestine. https://www.facebook.com/Scientists4Palestine
َ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ واﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ �ِ رب
Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 218 – February 2023