Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) in Palestine, and a review in N. Arabian Peninsula by Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

ISSN 0178-6288 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Norman_KhalafPrinz_Sakerfalke_Von_Jaffa/publications https://palestine.academia.edu/NormanKhalaf https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs

============================= ‫ اﻟﻨﺸﺮة اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﯿﺎء‬: ‫اﻟﻐﺰال‬

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Gazelle : Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin

============================= Monthly Bulletin – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine

=============================

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

ُ ، ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬ ُ ) ‫اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ‬ (‫ ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل‬، ‫ آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬، ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮاء اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬ ‫ و ُﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺸﺎره ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬، ‫ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ‬

The Persian Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni Cheesman, 1920) in Palestine, and a review of its distribution in the northern Arabian Peninsula

‫ ﻧﻮرﻣﺎن )ﻧﻌﻤﺎن( ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺎم ﻋﻠﻲ طﺎھﺮ ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﯿﺎﻓﺎوي اﻟﻌﯿﺰري‬.‫ د‬.‫ اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻒ أ‬: ‫ﺑﻘﻠﻢ‬

By: Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa

A Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) at the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo, Al-Malha, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Palestine. Photo by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 02 August 2013. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10152773143849831&set=a.127745184830 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

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‫اﻟسﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺴیﺔ ﻤن اﻟظر�ﺎن أو ُﻏر�ر اﻟﻌسﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین وﺸمﺎل ﺸبﻪ اﻟجز�رة‬ ‫ُﻤﻠخص ‪ :‬ﺘنتشر ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌر�یﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟشمﺎﻟیﺔ واﻟشرﻗیﺔ واﻟﻐر�یﺔ ﻟﻠممﻠكﺔ اﻟﻌر�یﺔ اﻟسﻌود�ﺔ ‪ ،‬اﻟكو�ت ‪ ،‬اﻟﻌراق ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷردن ‪ ،‬ﺴور�ﺎ ‪ ،‬و ﻟبنﺎن ‪.‬‬

‫‪Abstract: The Persian Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis‬‬

‫‪wilsoni Cheesman, 1920) lives in Palestine, and the northern‬‬ ‫‪Arabian Peninsula in northern, eastern and western Saudi Arabia,‬‬ ‫‪Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.‬‬

‫اﻹﺳﻢ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻮع ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﯿﻔﻮرا ﻛﺎﺑﻨﺴﯿﺲ )آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ( ) ‪Mellivora capensis‬‬ ‫‪ (Schreber, 1776‬ﺷﺮﯾﺒﺮ‪. 1776 ،‬‬

‫اﻹﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ‪ :‬اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أو ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮاء اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪ ،‬آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ) ‪Honey Badger,‬‬ ‫‪(Ratel‬‬ ‫ﻀﺮﺑﺎن ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻣﺒﻮل ‪ ،‬ظﺮﻧﺒﻮل ‪ ،‬ذرﻧﺒﻮل ‪ ،‬اﻟﻜﺮطﮫ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﺮطﺔ ‪ ،‬أﺑﻮ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻣﯿﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺐ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎره ‪ ،‬رﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎر اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ‪.‬‬

‫ُﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻢ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻘﺪ أﺷﺘﻖ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )‪ (mel‬ﻻﺗﯿﻨﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﻤﻀﺎف ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )‪ (mellis‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ "اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ؛ أﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )‪ (voro‬اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﺘﻌﻨﻲ "أﻧﺎ آﻛﻞ أو أﻟﺘﮭﻢ" ‪ .‬وﺑﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺎ ً ﻓﺈن )‪ (Mellivora‬ﺗﻌﻨﻲ "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﻷن أﺣﺪ اﻷطﻌﻤﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان‬ ‫ھﻮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪ .‬أﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ )‪ (capensis‬ﻓﻘﺪ أﺷﺘﻘﺖ ﻣﻦ "رأس اﻟﺮﺟﺎء اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ" أو ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ "رأس‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻠﯿﻢ" وھﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻢ وﺻﻔﮭﺎ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﻮھﺎن ﻛﺮﯾﺴﺘﯿﺎن داﻧﯿﯿﻞ ﻓﻮن ﺷﺮﯾﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ . 1776‬أﻣﺎ اﻹﺳﻢ )‪ (Ratel‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أﺻﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﮭﻮﻟﻨﺪﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ واﻟ ُﻤﺮﺟﺢ أﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )‪ (raat‬اﻟﮭﻮﻟﻨﺪﯾﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﺮص‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺴﻞ )ﺧﻠﻒ ‪.(2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻻت ‪ :‬اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ) ‪Mellivora capensis‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ (wilsoni‬ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ھﻨﺎك ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ‬ ‫"ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو "ﺿﺮﻣﺒﻮل" ؛ واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ )‪ (Mellivora capensis pumilio‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﺷﻌﺒﯿﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﺑﺎن" أو "ﻧﺒﺎش‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو "ﺟﺮﺑﻮع اﻟﺨﻮال" وﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ظﻔﺎر ﺑﺈﺳﻢ " ُﻛﻮر" ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر" ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﮭﻨﺪي )‪ (Mellivora capensis indica‬واﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺷﺒﮫ‬ ‫واﻟ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ )‪ (Mellivora capensis wilsoni‬واﻟﺬي وﺻﻔﮫ اﻟ ُﻤﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ وﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﯿﻮر‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺠﯿﻠﯿﺰي روﺑﺮت إرﻧﺴﺖ ﺷﯿﺰﻣﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ ﺑﻮﻣﺒﺎي ﻟﻠﺘﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ ، 1920‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ آر‪ .‬ﺑﻲ‪ .‬ووزﻧﺎم ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم ‪ 4‬أﺑﺮﯾﻞ ‪ 1905‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺗﻔﺎع ‪ 500‬ﻗﺪم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ رام ھﺮﻣﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب إﯾﺮان ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ رﻗﻢ‬ ‫‪) 5.10.4.21‬ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬

‫وﺻﻒ اﻟﻨﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻌُﺮﺳﯿﺔ )‪ (Mustelidae‬اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ أن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﻗﻮي اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺎن وﻟﮫُ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻟﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﺮﯾﺪة ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﻞ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﻲ ذات ﻟﻮن أﺳﻮد ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮف اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪ ،‬واﻷطﺮاف اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺨﻄﻢ ‪ ،‬واﻟﻮﺟﮫ ُﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ً اﻟﻌﯿﻨﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬أﻣﺎ ﺗﺎج‬ ‫)أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأس( واﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻈﮭﺮي ﻟﻠﺮﻗﺒﺔ واﻟﺠﺴﻢ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺠﺰء اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻓﮭﻲ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ذات ﻟﻮن أﺑﯿﺾ‬ ‫رﻣﺎدي أو أﺑﯿﺾ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻈﮭﺮي اﻷﺑﯿﺾ )اﻟﺴﺮج( )‪ (saddle‬ﯾﻜﻮن واﺿﺤﺎ ً ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎد ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻮد ‪ .‬وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ )‪ (Mellivora capensis wilsoni‬أﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ )‪ ، (Mellivora capensis capensis‬ﻓﻄﻮل أﺳﺎس اﻟﻠُﻘﻤﺔ )‪ (Condylobasal‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ طﻮﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 126-122‬ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺎث ‪ .‬وإن ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن أﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة واﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ )‪ ، (Mellivora capensis pumilio‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﯿﻞ إﻟﻰ أن ﯾﻜﻮن أﻓﺘﺢ ﻟﻮﻧﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأس واﻟﻈﮭﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﮫ ﻋﻨﺪه ﺟﺎﻧﺐ أﺑﯿﺾ أﻛﺜﺮ وﺿﻮﺣﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ واﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ رداء اﻟﺤﯿﻮان )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫‪. (2006f‬‬

‫‪Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis).‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/nspecies/photos/bc.AbrqxZoyoNtblhOuq6NJv‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌُﺮﺳﯿﺎت ذات اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ أﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ً ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ ) ‪Meles‬‬ ‫‪ ، (meles‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻸﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ وﺳﺒﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ‪.‬‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻗﺼﯿﺮا ً ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ ً أطﻮل ﻣﻦ ذﯾﻞ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮ )‪ ، (Badger‬ﻓﮭﻮ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫طﻮل اﻟﺮأس واﻟﺠﺴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ وﺻﻞ طﻮﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ وﺧﻤﺴﺔ وﺳﺒﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ‪ .‬وإن‬ ‫أﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﺴﺎي )‪ (Baksai‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ‪-‬اﻹﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وزﻧﮭﺎ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻟﯿﺒﺮات )‪ 2.25‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮام( ‪ .‬وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ُﻣﻐﻄﻰ ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ ﺧﺸﻦ ذا طﻮل ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ ُﻣﻌﺪل طﻮل اﻟﺸﻌﺮ إﺛﻨﺎن وأرﺑﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ؛ وﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻮان‬ ‫اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ ﻓﺈن ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ُﻣﺜﺨﻨﺔ وﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻋﻀﻠﯿﺔ ‪ .‬واﻟﺨﻄﻢ ﯾﻜﻮن أﻗﻞ ﻧﺤﺎﻓﺔ ُﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ‬ ‫‪ ،‬واﻷﻧﯿﻒ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﻌﺎري ﻟﮫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ أﺿﺤﻞ ﻗﺮب اﻟﻤﻨﺨﺮﯾﻦ )ﺛﻘﺒﻲ اﻷﻧﻒ( ‪ .‬اﻷﻋﯿﻦ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ‪ .‬اﻷذن اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أﺻﻐﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ ُﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن‬ ‫‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺗﻮم روﺑﺮﺗﺲ )‪ (1977‬أن أطﺮاﻓﮫ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﻮي و ُﻣﻨﺤﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺪاﺧﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪُب‬ ‫‪ .‬اﻟﻘﺪم ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻓﺮة وأﺧﻤﺼﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺮ ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﺸﺎء ؛ وأﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻘﺪم اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ُﻣﺰودة ﺑﻤﺨﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﺟﺪا ً ﺗﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﺨﻄﺎف ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻞ طﻮل ﻣﺨﻠﺐ اﻷﺻﺒﻊ اﻷوﺳﻂ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫وﺛﻼﺛﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﻤﻖ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﻘﺪم اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ أﺻﻐﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺨﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﺒﻊ اﻷوﺳﻂ ﯾﺼﻞ طﻮﻟﮫ إﻟﻰ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ‪ .‬راﺣﺎت اﻷﻗﺪام ﻋﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﺪ ﺟﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ‪ .‬اﻟﻮﺳﺎدة اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺪم ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ‪ ،‬وھﻲ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺳﺎدة اﻟ ُﻤﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أﺧﺪود ﺿﯿﻖ ‪ .‬وﻓﻘﻂ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻟﻌﻘﺐ اﻟﻘﺪم ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ‪ .‬اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﺪ اﻷﺧﻤﺼﯿﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ھﻲ أﯾﻀﺎ ً ُﻣﻨﺪﻣﺠﺔ وذات ﺷﻜﻞ وﺳﺎدي ‪ ،‬وھﻲ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﺎدة اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أﺧﺪود ﺿﯿﻖ ‪ .‬وإن ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ راﺣﺎت وﺑﻮاطﻦ اﻷﻗﺪام ﺗﻜﻮن ُﻣﮭﺪﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﻓﮭﺎ ﺑﮭﺪاب ﯾﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﻤﺸﻂ ﻣ ٌ‬ ‫ﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬وھﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ وﺿﻮﺣﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺪم‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ . (1968‬وإن ﺑﺎطﻦ اﻟﻘﺪم ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﺒﺎدة ﻋﺎرﯾﺔ )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ‪ 1977‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (1983c‬‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﻐُﺪد اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ اﻟﺰوﺟﯿﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ‪ ،‬وھﻲ ﺗﻔﺮز إﻓﺮازا ً ﻛﺮﯾﮫ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ وﻣﻐ ٍ‬ ‫ﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫وھﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﮭﺮﺗﮭﺎ ﻛﺤﯿﻮان ﻛﺮﯾﮫ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ ‪ .‬وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻜﯿﺲ اﻟﻐُﺪي اﻟﺘﺤﺖ ذﯾﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ‪ .‬ﻋﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﯿﺐ ُﻣﻤﯿﺰة ﺟﺪا ً ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﺮﻓﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ُﻣﺘﺠﮭﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ ﺣﺎدة ‪،‬‬ ‫وطﺮﻓﮭﺎ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ ُﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ‪ ،‬وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻄﺮف ُﻣﺠﻮف ﻓﻲ إﻧﻐﻤﺎد ﯾﺸﺒﮫ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ً ﺣﺮف )‪ (T‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﯿﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪ .‬وﯾﻮﺟﺪ زوﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺜﺪي وﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻷرﺑﯿﺔ أي ﻋﻨﺪ أﺻﻞ اﻟﻔﺨﺬ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫إھﺎب ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺧﺸﻦ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻓﻲ )اﻟ ُﻤﺤﯿﻄﻲ( اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ طﻮﻟﮫ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ‪ .‬وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟ ُﻤﺤﯿﻄﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ أﻛﺜﻒ وأطﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ )اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮي( اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻟﺮداء اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ‪ .‬اﻟﻔﺮو اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ ﯾﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ‪ ،‬وھﺬا اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎج اﻟﺮأس واﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء اﻷﺻﻔﻰ اﻟ ُﻤﻤﺘﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎج اﻟﺮأس‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﺮداء ‪ .‬اﻹھﺎب ﯾﻜﻮن ﻗﺼﯿﺮا ً وﻗﺎﺳﯿﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﮫ واﻟﺨﻄﻢ ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ اﻹھﺎب ﯾُﺸﻜﻞ أھﺪاﺑﺎ ً واﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮاف اﻷﻗﺪام ‪ ،‬وھﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ُوﺿﻮﺣﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪم اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺪر واﻟﺒﻄﻦ واﻷوﺟﮫ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻸطﺮاف ‪ ،‬وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺗﺴﮭﻞ ُرؤﯾﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

A Honey Badger was killed and hanged on a Palm Tree at Al-Anbar Governorate in Iraq on 17 November 2020. https://www.facebook.com/AnbarNews10/posts/2850930155175141

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

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‫إن اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻠﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﻤﯿﺰ ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﺮو ﺟﻠﺪه اﻟﺨﺸﻦ ﯾﻨﻘﺴﻢ أﻓﻘﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎد ﺑﻠﻮﻧﯿﻦ ُﻣﺘﺒﺎﯾﻨﯿﻦ ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﻲ ذو ﻟﻮن أﺳﻮد وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸطﺮاف اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺨﻄﻢ واﻟﻮﺟﮫ واﻟﺨﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻠﻰ واﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪ .‬وﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺴﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ً اﻟﻌﯿﻨﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮة اﻟ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﺋﻲ اﻟﺨﻔﯿﻒ ‪ ،‬ﯾُﻼﺣﻆ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻼﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف وﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ )اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﻦ( واﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫وإن اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺴﻮداء اﻟﻠﻮن واﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎد ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮداء اﻟﻈﮭﺮي اﻷﺑﯿﺾ اﻟﻠﻮن ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي ﯾﺒﺪأ ﻛﺨﻂ‬ ‫ُﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺠﺒﮭﺔ وﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ُﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﯿﻨﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﻟﺘﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﺼﯿﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻷذﻧﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬وﯾﻤﺮ اﻟﺮداء اﻷﺑﯿﺾ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ ﻟﯿﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺮداء اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺿﯿﻖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ طﻔﯿﻒ ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺮداء اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ﻗﻠﯿﻼً ﻣﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻟﺘﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي )اﻟﻈﮭﺮي( ﻟﻠﺬﯾﻞ ‪ ،‬وأﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ً ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﺑﻘﺮب ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ )اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ( ‪ .‬واﻟﺮداء اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﯾُﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﺎن ﻟﻮﻧﯿﺘﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺗُﻌﺘﺒﺮ ُﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟ ُ‬ ‫واﺿﺤﺘﺎن ‪ ،‬وﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺘﺎن ﯾُﺤﺪدھﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺮو اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ ذات اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﻣﺎدي أو‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﺒُﻨﻲ ‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ھﺬا ﻣﻮﺟﻮدا ً ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﺒﺪأ ﻛﺨﻂ دﻗﯿﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻂ اﻟﻈﮭﺮي اﻷوﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻈﮭﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻓﯿﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﯾُﺼﺒﺢ أﻋﺮض ﻟﯿُﻐﻄﻲ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﺮداء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮداء ﻟﻮن رﻣﺎدي ﺧﺎﻓﺖ واﺿﺢ ‪ ،‬وھﺬا ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل رؤوس اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻓﻲ ذات اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﯿﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺸﺪي ‪ .‬وإن ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮداء ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰھﺎ ﺟﯿﺪا ً ﻋﻦ ﺗﺎج )أﻋﻠﻰ( اﻟﺮأس ذات اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﯿﺾ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻔﻰ واﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ‪ ،‬وھﺬا‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬وﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ وﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﺿﺢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﺪﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪ ،‬وﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﻔﺮو اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﻲ اﻟﻠﻮن ُﻣﺨﺘﻔﻲ ‪ .‬ﺗﺎج اﻟﺮأس ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ذا ﻟﻮن أﺑﯿﺾ أﺻﻔﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮي ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن رؤوس اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻤﺴﻮﺣﺔ ﺑﻠﻮن ﺑﻨﻲ ﺻﺪﺋﻲ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫‪. (2006f ،‬‬ ‫وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺗﻮم روﺑﺮﺗﺲ )‪ (1977‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن" أن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻮن ﺧﻔﯿﻒ أﺳﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺎر ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن‬ ‫ُﻣﺼﻔﺮ أو ُﻣﺼﻔﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻠﻰ واﻟﺨﺎﺻﺮﺗﯿﻦ ؛ وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﺄن ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻮن رﻣﺎدي ﺻﺪﺋﻲ ﻣﻨﮫ إﻟﻰ أﺑﯿﺾ ﻓﻀﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ‪ .‬ھﺬا وإن اﻷﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﺘﻦ وﯾﻠﺴﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺑﻜﺴﺎي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ‪-‬اﻹﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫)آﯾﺎر( أظﮭﺮت إﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎ ً ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺎ ً ﻓﻲ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻮن وطﻮل اﻹھﺎب ﻋﻨﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺷﮭﺮ دﯾﺴﻤﺒﺮ )ﻛﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد إﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻮﺳﻤﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻷول( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﮭﯿﺪم ﻗﺮب ﺛﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾُﻘﺘﺮح ُ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ ‪ .‬وإن اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ أﯾﻀﺎ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻹھﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ھﻲ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ أﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻤﻌﺪل أﻓﺘﺢ ﻟﻮﻧﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﺮي أﺑﯿﺾ أوﺿﺢ ‪ .‬وإن إھﺎب اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫أﻛﺜﻒ وأطﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟ ُﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ‪ ،‬وھﺬا ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ُﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﮫ إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرﻧﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﺼﯿﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻌﯿﻦ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﺬﻛﺮ أ‪ .‬د‪ .‬ﻣﺎزن ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ )‪ (1996‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻷرض اﻟ ُﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ" ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺧﺘﺼﺎر ‪ :‬ﺟﺴﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُﻣﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﻟﻠﻐُﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (Meles meles‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن أﺟﺴﺎﻣﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣﻤﺘﻠﺌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ أرﺟﻞ ﻗﺼﯿﺮة وﻗﻮﯾﺔ ‪ .‬ﻟﻮن ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُﻣﻤﯿﺰ ﺟﺪا ً ‪ :‬ﻟﻮن اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺒﻄﻨﻲ أﺳﻮد وﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻻً ﺑﺸﻜﻞ واﺿﺢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﯿﺾ أو اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء اﻟﻈﮭﺮي ‪ .‬وﺗﻤﺘﺪ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺮأس وإﻣﺘﺪادا ً ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻖ واﻟﻈﮭﺮ واﻟﺬﯾﻞ )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ‪. (1996 ،‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ُ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ھﻨﺎك ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ أﺻﻄﯿﺪت ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ‪ 5‬دﯾﺴﻤﺒﺮ ‪ 1953‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨُﮭﯿﺪم‬ ‫ﻗﺮب ﺛﻤﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ‪ ،‬وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ دﯾﻔﯿﺪ‬ ‫ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن )رﻗﻢ ‪ ، (I. 1746‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ وﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ‪ ، 683‬اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪ ، 179‬اﻟﻘﺪم اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ ‪ ، 89.4‬اﻟﺬراع اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ‪، 150‬‬ ‫اﻷذن ‪. 34.5‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﯿﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ ‪ ، 113.8‬طﻮل أﺳﺎس اﻟﻠُﻘﻤﺔ ‪ ، 112‬ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻨﻲ ‪ ، 62‬ﻋﺮض ﻗﺤﻒ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ ‪ ، 54‬اﻟﻀﯿﻖ اﻟﺒﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﺠﺮي ‪ ، 29.8‬ﺻﻒ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫‪ ، 30.9‬ﺻﻒ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ‪ ، 35.9‬اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ‪) 70.2‬ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪، 1983c‬‬ ‫‪. (2006f ، 2004b‬‬ ‫وﯾﺬﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ )‪ (1977‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن" أن إرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﻔﯿﻦ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ ‪25‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً )ﻋﺸﺮة إﻧﺸﺎت( ‪ ،‬وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 75-60‬ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻒ إﻟﻰ طﺮف اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ طﻮل اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 24-15‬ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ؛ أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻮزﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺬﻛﻮر أﺛﻘﻞ ﻗﻠﯿﻼً ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺎث ‪،‬‬ ‫وﯾُﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺼﻞ وزن ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮاﻣﺎت )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ‪ 1977‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪، 1983c‬‬ ‫‪. (2006f ، 2004b‬‬

‫‪A Honey Badger defending itself against a Leopard (Panthera pardus).‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=2611547589136928&set=bc‬‬

‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫وﯾﺬﻛﺮ د‪ .‬دﯾﻔﯿﺪ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن )‪ (1981‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ" ﺑﻌﺾ أطﻮال اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫وﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ‪ ، 927-788‬اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪ ، 246-190‬اﻟﻘﺪم اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ ‪ ، 108-101.5‬اﻷذن‬ ‫‪ ، 34.5-27‬اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ‪) 126‬ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1981‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫وﯾﺬﻛﺮ أ‪ .‬د‪ .‬ﻣﺎزن ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ )‪ (1996‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻷرض اﻟ ُﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ" ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪ :‬طﻮل اﻟﺮأس واﻟﺠﺴﻢ ‪ 75-60‬ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬طﻮل اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ‪ 18-11‬ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ُﺠﻤ ُﺠﻤﺔ ‪ 135-120‬ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ ‪ .‬اﻟﺬﻛﻮر أﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ً وأﺛﻘﻞ وزﻧﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺎث ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻞ وزن اﻹﻧﺎث‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪ 10-4‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮام ‪ ،‬ووزن اﻟﺬﻛﻮر اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪ 12-6‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮام )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ‪. (1996 ،‬‬

‫‪A very rare night shot: Honey Badger couple in south Palestine. The Male is slightly‬‬ ‫‪bigger than the female. Photo: Ady Gancz. January 2019.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=937908896576605&set=gm.2482258918532795‬‬

‫اﻹﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ذﻛﺮ ﻓﺮﯾﺪرﯾﺶ ﺳﯿﻤﻮن ﺑﻮدﻧﮭﺎﯾﻤﺮ )‪ (1935‬أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻘﺪس اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻒ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﮭﺎﯾﻤﺮ )‪(1958‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﺐ ووادي ﻧﮭﺮ اﻷردن اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﺗﻢ ِذﻛﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎت أو‪ .‬ﺗﻮﻣﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺘﺒﮭﺎ ﺗﺮﯾﺴﺘﺮام )‪ (1866‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﺎت ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ إﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻞ أھﺎروﻧﻲ )‪ (1930‬ﻋﻦ ﻧُﺪرﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻼل ﻏﺮب ﻧﮭﺮ اﻷردن ‪ ،‬وأﻛﺜﺮ إﻧﺘﺸﺎرا ً إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺟﺒﺎل ﻟﺒﻨﺎن اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ واﻟ ُﻤﺴﻤﺎة ﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﻘﻠﻤﻮن )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ‪ . (1996 ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ أس‪ .‬أس‪ .‬ﻓﻼور )‪ (1932‬ﺑﺄن ﻋﻨﺪه ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺰة ‪ ،‬وأن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ‪ .‬وﯾُﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﺄن ﻓﻼور وﺛﻖ ﺷﺮاء ﺟﻠﺪ ظﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪس اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺬﯾﻦ أﺻﻄﺎدوه‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺖ ﻟﺤﻢ واﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﯿﺖ )ﻓﻼور ‪ 1932‬؛ ﺑﻮدﻧﮭﺎﯾﻤﺮ ‪ . (1958 ، 1935‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﮭﺎﯾﻤﺮ )‪1935‬‬ ‫ﺼﺐ وﺳﻂ وادي ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﺐ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺪ أم ﻓﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪ (1958 ،‬أﯾﻀﺎ ً ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﻦ ُﺣ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻠﯿﻞ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺒﺮوﻓﯿﺴﻮر ﻣﺎزن‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ )‪ (1996‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻷرض اﻟ ُﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ" أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺟﺢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫ﺼﺐ وﺳﻂ وادي ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻼت اﻟ ُﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة ‪ .‬وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻞ أﺑﯿﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻦ ُﺣ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻦ وﯾﺒﺔ )ﯾﮭﺎف( ﺷﻤﺎل وادي ﻋﺮﺑﺔ )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ‪ . (1996 ،‬وﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ )‪ (2016‬أن اﻟﺮاﺗﻞ أو ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺳﯿﺎت أو اﻟﺴﺮاﻋﯿﺐ‬ ‫)‪ (Mustelidae‬ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﯿﺖ ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺠﺒﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪس اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻒ ‪ ،‬وﺑﯿﺖ ﻟﺤﻢ‬ ‫وﻧﺎﺑﻠﺲ ‪ .‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ أدي ﺟﺎﻧﺰ )‪ (2019‬أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻧﺎدر ﺟﺪا ً ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ وھﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻹﻧﻘﺮاض ؛‬ ‫وﻗﺪ أﺳﺘﻄﺎع أن ﯾُﻮﺛﻖ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿﺎ ً زوج ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﯾﻤﺸﯿﺎن ﻣﻌﺎ ً ﻟﯿﻼً ‪ ،‬و ُھﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ُﺟﻨﻮب ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻨﺎﯾﺮ ‪ 2019‬؛ وﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺟﻠﯿﺎ ً أن اﻟﺬﻛﺮ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﻠﯿﻼً ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺜﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫وإن ﺗﻮاﺟﺪھﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ ً ﻛﺰوج ھﻮ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻨﻮع وإﺳﺘﻤﺮارﯾﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪. (8‬‬

‫اﻹﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﻼﻻت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ‪ :‬اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ) ‪Mellivora‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ُ‬ ‫‪ (capensis wilsoni‬ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ھﻨﺎك ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو "ﺿﺮﻣﺒﻮل" ؛ واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ) ‪Mellivora capensis‬‬ ‫‪ (pumilio‬ﻓﻲ ُﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﺷﻌﺒﯿﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ُﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "ﺿﺮﻧﺒﻮل" أو "ﺟﺮﺑﻮع اﻟﺨﻮال" ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬ ‫"ﺿﺮﺑﺎن" أو "ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر" ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﮭﻨﺪي )‪ (Mellivora capensis indica‬واﻟﺬي‬ ‫ظﻔﺎر ﺑﺈﺳﻢ " ُﻛﻮر" ؛ واﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬

‫‪A Honey Badger was killed in Al-Mutanabi suburb in Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq on 27‬‬ ‫‪May 2013. https://www.facebook.com/Ta7shish8gb/photos‬‬

‫ﻓﻔﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "اﻟﻜﺮطﮫ" أو "اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮة" ‪ ،‬وھﻮ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ وﺟﻨﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮاق )اﻟﻔﺮطﻮﺳﻲ ‪ ، (2015 ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻒ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫اﻹﻧﺠﯿﻠﯿﺰي روﺑﺮت ﺷﯿﺰﻣﺎن ھﺬا اﻟﻨُﻮﯾﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ 1920‬ﻣﻦ رام ھﺮﻣﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب إﯾﺮان ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺛﯿﻖ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮب ﺑﻜﺴﺎي ﻗﺮب اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ‪-‬اﻹﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬وھﻲ اﻵن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺼﺪرھﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﻮﺟﺔ ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ دﯾﻔﯿﺪ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن )‪ (1959‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨُﮭﯿﺪم ﻗﺮب ﺛﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮاق ؛ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺳﺠﻞ ھﺖ )‪ (1959‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ت‬ ‫‪ (T 1) 1‬؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻﻗﻰ ﻣﯿﻮﺳﯿﻞ )‪ (1927‬ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﻓﻲ اﻷودﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة اﻟﻀﯿﻘﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ راوة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة ‪ .‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺠﮭﻮل )‪ (1966‬ﻋﻦ ظﺮﺑﺎن ﻗُﺘﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻮ ﺧﺼﯿﺐ ﻗﺮب اﻟﺒﺼﺮة )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن‬ ‫‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬وﯾُﻌﺮف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ" أو‬ ‫"اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮة" ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻘﺎل )ﻓﻼن ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮة ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﻮت إﻻ طﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺸﻤﮭﺎ( )اﻟﺪرﯾﻌﻲ ‪. (2021 ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ ﺣﺎدﺛﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺣﯿﻮان ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻲ اﻟ ُﻤﺘﻨﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻨﺠﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ‪ 27‬ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫‪) 2013‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ (9‬؛ ﺣﯿﺚ دﺧﻞ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان إﻟﻰ ﺑﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء ‪ ،‬وأﺣﺘﻤﻰ ﺑ ِﮫ ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻻﺣﻘﺘﮫُ ﺟﻤﮭﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس وھﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ھﻠﻊ ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﺪ إﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء و ُﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﺑ ِﮫ ﺑﺸﺘﻰ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﻨﺎري ‪ .‬وﺧﻼل ُﻣﺪة وﺟﯿﺰة أﺣﺪث اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ُﺣﻔﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﻤﯿﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ وﻧﺼﻒ وأﺧﺘﻔﻰ داﺧﻠﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ دﻓﻊ رﺟﺎل اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ إﻟﻰ إﺷﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎر داﺧﻞ اﻟ ُﺤﻔﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﻟﻠﺨﺮوج ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻢ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﺑﮫ وﻗﺘﻠﮫ ‪ .‬وﯾﻘﻮل ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮطﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﻟـ "ﺷﻔﻖ ﻧﯿﻮز" ‪" :‬ﺗﻠﻘﯿﻨﺎ إﺗﺼﺎﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ ﯾُﻌﻠﻤﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﺣﯿﻮان ﺧﻄﯿﺮ ‪ ،‬وﺟﺌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﺎن ‪ ،‬وأﺳﺘﻄﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻣﺴﺎك ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﺬي ھﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺎرع ‪ ،‬وﺑﺪأ ﯾُﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮا ً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﺑ ِﮫ وﻗﺘﻠﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ" !! وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﺈن ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ أو ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻗﺪ ظﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﺴﻤﺎوة واﻟﺒﺼﺮة )ﺷﻔﻖ ﻧﯿﻮز ‪ 1 ،‬ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ ‪. (2013‬‬

‫‪A tortured to death honey badger which was killed in Al-Samawa area, Iraq. Photo: Al‬‬‫‪Samawa News. Facebook. 3 August 2017.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/404621779934246/photos/‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫ﺻﻮرة ُﻣﺆذﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻦ ﺗ ُﺒﯿﻦ ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً ﺗﻢ إﯾﺬاﺋﮫ وﺗﻌﺬﯾﺒﮫ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﻮت ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﺴﻤﺎوة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة أﺧﺮى ُﻣﺆذﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻦ وھﻲ ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫‪) 2017‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ . (10‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﮫ وﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺠﺮة ﻧﺨﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ﯾﻮم ‪ 17‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ‪) 2020‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪، (5‬‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎن ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ‪ ،‬وﺗﻢ ﻗﺘﻞ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮت اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ﻧﯿﻮز أن ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ھﺎﺟﻤﺖ ُ‬ ‫وھﺮوب أﺧﺮﯾﺎت ‪ ،‬وأﻛﺪ ﺷﮭﻮد ﻋﯿﺎن أن اﻹﻏﺮﯾﺮﯾﺎت ﻗﺎدﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ )اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ﻧﯿﻮز ‪،‬‬ ‫‪. (17.11.2020‬‬ ‫وﯾُﺤﺬر ُﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ و ُﻣﺨﺘﺼﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ إﻧﻘﺮاض اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ‪ ،‬وﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻤﻔﺘﺮﺳﺔ ِﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﺪ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺮ ‪ ،‬وإﻧﻌﺪام ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ُﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﺤﯿﻮان و ُﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﺔ إھﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﺠﮭﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﺸﺄن ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮي اﻟﺬي أﻧﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ 2010‬دﻋﺎ إﻟﻰ ِﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ ووﻗﻒ إﻧﻘﺮاض اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ )ﺷﻔﻖ ﻧﯿﻮز‬ ‫‪ 1 ،‬ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ ‪. (2013‬‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ُﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎ ً ﺑﺈﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺤﯿﻮان "اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل" ‪،‬‬ ‫ھﺬا وﺗﻤﺘﺪ ُ‬ ‫"اﻟﻀﺮﻣﺒﻮل" أو "أﺑﻮ ﻗﺪﯾﻢ" ‪ .‬وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ أﺻﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮب اﻟ ِﺪﻣﻨﺔ )ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎً( ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻄﻼع )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪. (1968 ،‬‬

‫‪A Honey Badger from Al-Salmi Desert in Kuwait. Photo from a video. May 2012.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/last/446836/20-02-2014‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﺻﻄﯿﺪت ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﺣﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ )أﯾﻠﻮل( ﻋﺎم ‪ 1976‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻧﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺘﯿﺔ‪-‬اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ُﻣﻄﺎردة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺳﯿﺎرة اﻟﺠﯿﺐ ذات اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ُﻣﻨﺪﻓﻌﺎ ً وﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ رﻣﺎل اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ ﯾﻠﺤﻘﻮا ﺑ ِﮫ إﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﻦ ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮا ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ؛ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﺑﮫ ﺣﯿﺎ ً ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺮاع أﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻄﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﺎرﯾﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻟﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﺎ وﻣﺆﺧﺮات اﻟﺒﻨﺎدق اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﮭﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ رﺟﺎل ُﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﺷﺘﺮﻛﻮا ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺻﯿﺪه ‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪھﺲ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﻟﮫ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات ؛ وﻗﺪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﺣﯿﺎ ً‬ ‫وﺷﺮﺳﺎ ً و ُﻣﺤﺘﻔﻈﺎ ً ﺑﻜﻞ ﻗﻮﺗ ِﮫ وﺿﺮاوﺗﮫ )ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻟﻘﺒﺲ ‪ 1976‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻧﮭﺎرا ً ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ ‪) 2012‬أﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ، (11‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺸﺒﺎن ﺑ ُﻤﻄﺎردﺗﮫ ﺑﺴﯿﺎرﺗﮭﻢ ذات اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎ ً واﺣﺪا ً ﻣﻦ إﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺴﯿﺮان ﻣﻌﺎ ً ‪ ،‬وأﺛﻨﺎء ُﻣﻄﺎردﺗ ِﮫ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﺠﺄة ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﯾُﺼﺪر ﺻﻮﺗﺎ ً‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬﯾﺮﯾﺎ ً ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺎ ً )زﻣﺠﺮة ﺷﺪﯾﺪة( ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎم ﺑ ُﻤﮭﺎﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة وھﻲ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ وﻋﺾ إطﺎرھﺎ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻻذ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮار )ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻷﻧﺒﺎء ‪. (20.02.2014 ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺮض أﺣﺪ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﯾﻮم ‪ 8‬ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ ‪ 2021‬ﻟﻠﺪھﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺗ ِﮫ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ( ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﻂ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ ﻓﻨﯿﺲ اﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺄن دھﺲ اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُﻣﺆﻟﻤﺎ ً ﺟﺪا ً ﻷﻧﮫ ﻣﻦ أﻧﺪر ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ وﻟﻢ ﯾﺮهُ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬وأﻧﮫ ﯾﺠﺐ اﻷﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎر أﻧﮫ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺮص ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم إﯾﺬاﺋﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬وطﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺠﮭﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﻌُﻤﺮاﻧﻲ )ﻋﺒﺪﷲ ‪9 ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺮات آﻣﻨﺔ وﺑﯿﺌﺔ ُﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ ‪. (2021‬‬

‫‪A Honey Badger was run over by car and killed on Jaber Bridge in Kuwait on 8 February 2021.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.alraimedia.com/article/1520903‬‬

‫وﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "اﻟﻀﺮﺑﺎن" أو "ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر" )اﻟﻘﻄﺎم ‪ . (2012 ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎن ﻗﺮب اﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ دﯾﻜﺴﻮن )‪ (1949‬ﺑﺄن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ ﯾُﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ُ‬ ‫‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﯿﺰﻣﺎن وھﯿﻨﺘﻮن )‪ (1924‬ﺑﺄﻧﮭﻢ رأوا واﺣﺪا ً ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﺮاء اﻟﺠﺎﻓﻮرة ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺴﺎء ‪ .‬وھﻨﺎك ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﺔ ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﺮﻋﺮ ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺤﺪود اﻷردﻧﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬وھﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ُﻣﺸﺎﺑﮭﺔ ﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﺷﺮق اﻷردن )ﻟﻮﯾﺲ و ﺳﻨﺎ ﻋﻄﺎ ﷲ ‪ 1966‬؛ ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ‪ (1996‬؛ وھﺬه اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮظﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷﻣﯿﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺮوت ﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ . (1968 ،‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺮﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﯾﻠﻔﺮﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺴﯿﺠﺮ )‪ (1959‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ﺑﺈﺳﻢ " ُﻣﺒﺎرك ﺑﻦ ﻟﻨﺪن" أﻧﮫ رأى آﺛﺎر أﻗﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ واﺣﺔ ﯾﺒﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ وواﺣﺔ ﻟﯿﻮا ﺑﺪوﻟﺔ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﺘﺤﺪة )ﺧﻠﻒ ‪، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫‪.(2006f‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ إﺻﻄﯿﺎد ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻀﺮﺑﺎن أو ﻧﺒﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ﺣﯿﺎ ً ﻣﻦ ﻓﯿﻔﺎ )ﻓﯿﻔﺎء( ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﺎزان ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ‪) 03.07.2012‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ( )اﻟﻘﻄﺎم ‪. (2012 ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ وھﻮ ﯾﻤﺸﻲ ﻧﮭﺎرا ً ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﺮاء ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮق ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺒﻮك‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ‪) 15.11.2020‬اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ‪. (2020 ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺮض أﺣﺪ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل ﻟﻠﺪھﺲ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺗ ِﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻤﻨﻮرة وﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑُﻌﺪ ‪ 195‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮا ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﻨﻮرة ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم ‪ 28‬ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ ‪2021‬‬ ‫)أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪) (14‬اﻟﻔﺎﯾﺪي ‪. (2021 ،‬‬

‫‪A Ratel was caught alive from Fifa, Jazan Province, south-west Saudi Arabia on‬‬ ‫‪03.07.2012.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=206253146173141&set=a.111306619001128‬‬ ‫‪&type=3‬‬

‫وﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺎدرة ﺑﻨﺎ ًءا ﻋﻠﻰ دراﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ ، 1972‬وﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻹﺗﺤﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ )‪ (IUCN‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪) 2008‬أﺑﻮ ﯾﻘﻈﺎن ‪ . (2020 ،‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ إﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻞ أھﺎروﻧﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (1930‬أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺟﺒﺎل ﻟﺒﻨﺎن اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ واﻟ ُﻤﺴﻤﺎة ﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﻘﻠﻤﻮن‬ ‫)ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ‪. (1996 ،‬‬

‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫وﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ﯾُﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "أﺑﻮ ﻛﻌﺐ" أو "اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ" ‪ ،‬وﯾﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻮدﯾﺎن ؛ وھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﻻ ﯾﺤﺐ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل واﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺒﺎردة‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻟﺬا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎدر رؤﯾﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ رﯾﻒ دﻣﺸﻖ وﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻲ اﻟﻼذﻗﯿﺔ وطﺮطﻮس ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ُﻣﺸﺎھﺪﺗﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑُﺤﯿﺮة اﻷﺳﺪ )اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ‪ . (2020 ،‬وھﻮ ﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺎدرة ‪ ،‬وﯾﺘﻮاﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺸﯿﻮخ ‪ ،‬وﺿﻔﺎف ﻧﮭﺮ اﻟﻔﺮات ‪ ،‬ورﯾﻒ ﺟﺮاﺑﻠﺲ ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺣﻤﺎة )أﺑﻮ اﻟﺠﻮد ‪. (2019 ،‬‬

‫‪A Honey Badger was run over by car and killed on the highway between Medina and‬‬ ‫‪Hail area, Saudi Arabia, 195 kilometers from Medina on 28.02.2021.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=3781687331879718&id=1000011‬‬ ‫‪54660473‬‬

‫وﻓﻲ اﻷردن ﯾُﻌﺮف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "اﻟﻘﺮطﺔ" ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺒﺪوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ﯾُﻌﺮف ﺑﺈﺳﻢ‬ ‫"اﻟﻤﺴﺎره" وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗِﺼﺼﮫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺪاوﻟﮭﺎ ﻛﻤﺼﺪر ُرﻋﺐ ﻷﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﺪو ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻧﺒﺸ ِﮫ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺎدرة ﺟﺪا ً )اﻟﺬوﯾﺦ ‪ . (2020 ،‬وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷردﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ 1983‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎل ُﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ إرﺑﺪ )زھﯿﺮﻋﻤﺮو و أﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﺪﯾﺴﻲ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ، (1988‬وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ اﻷردﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﯿﺮﻣﻮك ‪ ،‬إرﺑﺪ( ﻋﯿﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺻﻊ ﺑ ُﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺟﺮش )ﻗﻤﺼﯿﺔ ‪ . (1996 ،‬وﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﯿﺴﺒﻮك‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻼت ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ أو اﻟﺮﺗﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ﻧﺎدرة ﺟﺪا ً )ﻋﯿﺪ ‪ . (2020 ،‬وھﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ذِﻛﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ إﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ أن‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك ﺧﻠﻄﺎ ً ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎھﺪات ﻣﻊ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻐُﺮﯾﺮ )اﻟﻌﻜﺴﺔ( )‪ . (Meles meles‬ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُھﻨﺎك‬ ‫ُﻣﺸﺎھﺪات ﻣﻦ اﻷزرق ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻧﯿﺒﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺄدﺑﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻣﺄدﺑﺎ ‪ ،‬و‪ 3‬ﻣﺸﺎھﺪات ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺎﺣﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وادي ﺷﻌﯿﺐ ‪ ،‬وداﺧﻞ ﺣﺪود ﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﺎء ‪ ،‬وﻋﯿﻦ ﻣﺎء ﻏﺮب طﺎﺳﺎن ‪ ،‬وﺣﺴﺒﺎن ‪ ،‬ووادي‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪان ‪ ،‬وﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﯿﺘﺔ ﻣﺪھﻮﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺷﺎرع ال ‪ 100‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﺮ ﻋﻤﺎن اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮي ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮق ﻋﻤﺎن‬ ‫)ﻋﯿﺪ ‪. (2020 ،‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫ُﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت أﺣﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫إن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ )‪ (Mellivora capensis pumilio‬اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ واﻟﺪاﻛﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن ‪ ،‬ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ واﺿﺢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ )‪ (Mellivora capensis wilsoni‬اﻷﻛﺒﺮ واﻷﺑﮭﺖ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﯾﺔ ) ‪Mellivora capensis‬‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﯿﺔ ھﻲ أﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﺎ ً ؛ وھﺬه اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺷﺒﮫ‬ ‫‪ . (indica‬وﯾﺤﺼﻞ ﺗﻤﺎزج ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺟﺢ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاطﻦ ُﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﮫ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﻗﺎﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪا ً ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﯿﺎن ﻧﺸﯿﻄﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻨﮭﺎر ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﮫُ‬ ‫ﺴﻮرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎ ً ﻟﯿﻠﯿﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ‪ .‬وإن اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ د‪ .‬دﯾﻔﯿﺪ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﯿﻮان واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ إﺛﻨﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺠﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺮﻣﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮب ﺛﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ دﯾﺴﻤﺒﺮ ‪ ، 1965‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﯾُﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﮭﺎ ُرﻗﻊ ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺒﺎت زﻋﺮور اﻟﺠﻤﻞ )‪ (Camel thorn‬اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻚ ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺠﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة ُﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻈﮭﯿﺮة ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﺼﻄﺎدة أﻧﺜﻰ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺰال ﺑﻌﺾ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺤﻠﯿﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﮭﺎ ‪ .‬وﺑﻔﺤﺺ ُﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﻟﮭﺬه اﻷﻧﺜﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎ ﻣﻤﻀﻮﻏﺔ ﻟﺤﻮاﻟﻲ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ِﺳﺤﻠﯿﺎت )ﻋﻈﺎءات( )‪ (lizards‬ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ذات ﻟﻮن ﺑﻨﻲ وأﺳﻮد ‪.‬‬ ‫وإﻧﮫ ﯾﺒﺪو ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺣﯿﻮان ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُرﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪهُ أرﺟﻠﮫ اﻟﻤﺰودة ﺟﯿﺪا ً ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻷرض ﻹﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﺴﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُﺟﺤﻮرھﺎ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ 1968‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬

‫‪Ratel or Honey Badger. Facebook Photo. The Royal Jordanian Society for the‬‬ ‫‪Conservation of Nature. 07.11.2016.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/rscn.org/photos/a.487891855505/10157702646855506/?ty‬‬ ‫‪pe=3‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫‪3 Lebanese Mustelids.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/photos/1756539457842166‬‬

‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ "ج‪ .‬دﺑﻠﯿﻮ‪ .‬أﻧﺪرﺳﻮن" ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﻻﻗﻰ ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ُﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻈﮭﯿﺮة ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﯾﻘﻮد ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ "ﻻس ﺑﯿﻼس" ﺑﺒﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن ؛ وﻗﺪ أظﮭﺮ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﻮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟ ُﻤﺘﻄﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫)روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ‪ . (1977 ،‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺻﻄﯿﺪت ﺣﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮب اﻟ ُﺤﺪود‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ )أﯾﻠﻮل( ‪ 1976‬ﺗﻤﺖ رؤﯾﺘﮭﺎ ﻧﮭﺎرا ً أﯾﻀﺎ ً )ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻟﻘﺒﺲ ‪ . (1976 ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﺮﻣﺒﻮل واﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻟﮫ ﻧﮭﺎرا ً ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ ‪2012‬‬ ‫)ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻷﻧﺒﺎء ‪ . (2014 ،‬وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ أزواج ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺒﺪو أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻮك ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ أن ھﻨﺎك راﺑﻄﺔ زوﺟﯿﺔ داﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻄﮭﻢ ‪ ،‬وھﺬا اﻟ ُ‬ ‫‪ .‬ھﺬا وﯾﺬﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ )‪ (1977‬أن أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎھﺪات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﯿﻼً )ﺧﻠﻒ ‪، 1983c‬‬ ‫‪. (2006f ، 2004b‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫وﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ُﺟﺤﻮر ﺗﺤﻔﺮھﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻘﻮق واﻷﺷﺠﺎر اﻟ ُﻤﺠﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫واﻷوﻛﺎر اﻟ ُﻤﺸﺎﺑﮭﺔ )ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ ‪ 1972‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫وإﻧﮫ ﻟﻤﻦ اﻟ ُﻤﺸﻮق أن ﻧُﺸﯿﺮ أن دوﺗﻲ )‪ ، (1888‬ﻧﻘﻼً ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺪو‪ ،‬ذﻛﺮ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻌﺪو اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻟ ِﺴﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة ذات اﻟﺬﯾﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ ھﻮ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﻔﺮ ُﺟﺤﺮ اﻟﻀﺐ ﻟﺼﯿﺪ ِه واﻟﺘﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫‪ .‬وﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أن دوﺗﻲ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﺸﺎھﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺎ ً اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ رﺣﻼﺗﮫ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ أﻧﮫُ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ واﺛﻘﺎ ً إن ﻛﺎن ھﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎ ً ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺎ ً أو ُﺧﺮاﻓﯿﺎ ً !! وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻼﻧﻔﻮرد )‪ (1888‬أن ﻏﺬاء اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻘﻮارض‬ ‫وﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﺣﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﯿﻮر واﻟﻀﻔﺎدع واﻟﺤﺸﺮات وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ أﯾﻀﺎ ً اﻷطﻌﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮﯾﻘﻲ ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ واﻟﻨﺤﻞ إذا أﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ‪ .‬وﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ أﺳﻨﺎﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﺋﮭﺎ اﻟ ُﻤﻔﻀﻞ ھﻮ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك )‪ (1941‬ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ أﻓﻌﻰ اﻟﻜﻮﺑﺮا اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫)أﻓﻌﻰ اﻟﺼﻞ أو اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ( )‪ (Naja naja‬واﻟﺘﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ‪ .‬وﯾﺘﻐﺬى اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ روﺳﯿﺎ )أوﺟﻨﻒ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ (1935‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﺔ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ (1968 ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﻟﻲ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺤﺐ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﺘﻐﺬي‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺴﻞ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﺒﺮي ‪ ،‬وﯾﺘﻐﺬون ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺮﻗﺎت اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﺒﺮي )دوﻧﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر ‪ 1931‬؛ ﺟﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺒﺮﺗﻮن ‪ . (1974‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ )‪ (1972‬أن ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ أﺟﺰاء أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ طﺎﺋﺮ "دﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺣﻞ" )‪ (Honeyguide‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﯾﺪﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ؛ ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾُﻼﻗﻲ ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ )أو إﻧﺴﺎن( ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ ﺗُﻄﻠﻖ ﻧﺪا ًءا ُﻣﻌﯿﻨﺎ ً ‪ ،‬وﺗﻘﻮد ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺶ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﺒﻌﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ُ‬ ‫)ﺧﻠﯿﺔ( ﻧﺤﻞ أو دﺑﻮر ‪ .‬وﯾﻘﻮم ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺑﺘﺪﻣﯿﺮ اﻟﻌُﺶ ‪ ،‬وﺳﺤﺐ أﻗﺮاص اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﺬي ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻐﺬى اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺎدرات )‪ (Pupae‬واﻟﯿﺮﻗﺎت )‪ . (Larvae‬وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ُﺣﺒﮫ ﻷﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻲ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ب " ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" ) ‪Honey‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﮫ ب "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" )‪ ، (Mellivora‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ُ‬ ‫‪) (Badger‬ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫وﻟﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺻﯿﺎد ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺔ دادو ﻓﻲ اﻟ ِﺴﻨﺪ أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺤﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷرض اﻟﺮﻣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺤﺜﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬور اﻟﻌُﺼﺎرﯾﺔ )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ‪ . (1977 ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ دوﻧﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر )‪ (1931‬أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺪھﺎ ﺗﺤﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺮﻣﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪاول ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ أﯾﻀﺎ ً ‪ .‬وإذا ﺗﻢ أﺳﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﯿُﻤﻜﻨﮫ أن‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﺟﯿﺪة إذا ﺗﻢ إطﻌﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﺑﺤﺘﺔ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﺜﻤﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺿﺞ ﻟﻠ ِﺒﺮ ) ‪Ber‬‬ ‫‪) (Zizyphus jubata‬ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ )‪ (1972‬أن ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺗﺘﻐﺬى ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﻔﺮون اﻷرض أﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ إﺻﻄﯿﺎدھﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﯿﻮر اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ وﺑﯿﻀﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪواﺟﻦ اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺰواﺣﻒ واﻟﺒﺮﻣﺎﺋﯿﺎت ‪ .‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ أن اﻟﺠﯿﻒ واﻟﻌُﺠﯿﺮات اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ )‪ (Plant nodules‬واﻟﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﻠُﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (berries‬وﺛﻤﺎر أﺧﺮى ﺗُﻜﻤﻞ ﺗﻨﻮﻋﮭﺎ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أن ﯾﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺤﻔﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ )‪ (Tortoise‬ﺑﺄﺳﻨﺎﻧ ِﮫ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺬﻛﺮ زﯾﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ )‪ (1970‬ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ أﯾﻀﺎ ً اﻟﻘﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫)درع( ﻟﻠ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﯾﺪان )ﺧﻠﻒ ‪ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬وﯾُﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻘﺎرﺗﺔ )آﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت وﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت( واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ )ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ أﻛﺪ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك )‪ (1941‬وﺑﺮﯾﺘﺮ )‪ (1965‬ﺑﺄن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﺑﺮﺷﺎﻗﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑُﻨﯿﺔ ﺟﺴﻤﮫ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ رﺷﯿﻘﺔ ﻧِﺴﺒﯿﺎ ً ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺳﺠﻞ أوﺟﻨﻒ )‪ (1931‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﯿﻞ ﻛﻔﯿﺘﺶ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي‬ ‫أﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺤﯿﻮان آﻛﻞ ﻋﺴﻞ أﻟﯿﻒ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ أﺳﺮه ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﺑﺖ داغ ‪ ،‬وأﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﺑ ِﮫ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺳﻨﻮات ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ھﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻷﻟﯿﻒ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ﯾﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد ھﺎﺗﻒ أﻣﻠﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺪودة ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﯾﻨﺰﻟﻖ ﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون أن ﯾﻔﻚ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻲ أطﺮاﻓﮫ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ‪ .‬وﻛﺎن أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ً ﯾﮭﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ . (1968 ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﺟﻮن ﺟﺎﺳﺒﺮﯾﺘﻲ وزوﺟﺘﮫ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺳﺒﺮﯾﺘﻲ )‪ (1981‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮭﻢ "اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ" )ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺘﺮاك ﻣﻊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﻢ طﻠﺤﻮك وﻏﯿﺮه( ﺑﺄن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮاف‬ ‫إﻟﻰ ﻗﻤﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺪة أرﺑﻌﺔ ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ )ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬

‫‪A Honey Badger defending itself against Lion cubs (Panthera leo).‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/103482658055788/photos/a.103952898008764/27415931765‬‬ ‫‪4787/?type=3‬‬

‫وﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻻ ﯾﺨﺎف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ؛ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ إﺻﺪار إﻓﺮاز ُﻣﻐ ٍ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻛﺮﯾﮫ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺪﺗﮫ اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ ‪ .‬وإن رداءھﻢ اﻟﻼﻓﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ذو اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﻦ اﻷﺳﻮد واﻷﺑﯿﺾ ھﻲ ﻣﺜﺎل واﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻮان‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﻧﮭﺎ واﺿﺤﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﯿﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ُﻣﻘﻤﺮة ‪ .‬وﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻮة ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻤ ِﮫ ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ )‪ (1977‬أن ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴِﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ھﻮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﺒﺎن ﺿﺨﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِﻛﻼب اﻟﺼﯿﺪ ‪ ،‬أﺳﺘﻄﺎع أن ﯾﺼﺪ ھﺠﻤﺎﺗﮭﻤﺎ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ھﺮﺑﺎ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﺎھﺪ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﻮود ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺳﻮرا ً أﺳﺘﻄﺎع أن ﯾﻌﺾ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ِﺳﻠﻜﯿﺔ ذات ﻗﯿﺎس ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ ﺛﻢ أﺳﺘﻄﺎع اﻟﮭﺮب ‪ .‬وﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻨﯿﺎ أﺳﺘﻄﺎع ظﺮﺑﺎن أن ﯾﮭﺎﺟﻢ ﺑﻌُﻨﻒ اﻹطﺎرات اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﺷﺤﻦ وزﻧﮭﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أطﻨﺎن ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻹﻋﺘﺮاض ﺳﺒﯿﻠﮫ ‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻌُﺪواﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاﺋ ِﮫ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺟﻠﺪ ﺛﺨﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺪا ً وﻣﻨﯿﻊ ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗ ُﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ أﺷﻮاك اﻟﺸﯿﮭﻢ )اﻟﻨﯿﺺ(‬ ‫)‪ ، (Porcupine‬وأﻧﯿﺎب اﻟﺤﯿﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻟﺪﻏﺎت اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ‪ ،‬وﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻀﺎت اﻟﻜﻼب )دوﻧﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر ‪ ، 1931‬ﺑﻮﻛﻮك ‪ ، 1941‬ﺑﺮﯾﺘﺮ ‪ ، 1965‬ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ . (1968‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﻮن ﺑﻤﺒﺮﺗﻮن )‪(1974‬‬ ‫أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﺬي ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻓﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﻤﻮرﯾﺎت )اﻟﻌﺮﺳﯿﺎت ‪ ،‬اﻟﺴﺮاﻋﯿﺐ( ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻮاﺣﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬

‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫اﻟﺸﺮﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬وأﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻌﺮاك ‪ ،‬ﻓﮭﻲ ﻗﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻌَﻀﻼت ‪ ،‬وﺟﻠﺪھﺎ ﺛﺨﯿﻦ ﻓﻀﻔﺎض ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻜﺎد ﯾﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ‬ ‫إﯾﺬاﺋﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ إﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺟﯿﻨﺲ ﻟﻸرﻗﺎم اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻛﺄﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﺨﻮف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ )‪ . (NDTV, 2020) (most fearless animal in the world‬وﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮه ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﯿﻒ أن إﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻛﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺿﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻮد ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ أﻧﺴﺤﺒﺖ ھﺬه اﻷﺳﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ )‪ . (NDTV, 2020‬وﻗﺪ ﻧُﺸﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﯿﻮﺗﯿﻮب‬ ‫)‪ (2019‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮه ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺘﻨﺰه ﻛﺮوﺟﺮ اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﯿﻒ أن أﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن‬ ‫ھﺎﺟﻤﺖ ﻧِﻤﺮا ً ﺑﻀﺮاوة ﻟﺘﺪاﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻐﯿﺮھﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ أﻧﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﻨﻤﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻀﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺎﺳﺮة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن )ﯾﻮﺗﯿﻮب ‪. (2019 ،‬‬

‫‪Honey Badger Info.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/The.Muslim.researchers/photos/a.390064377822089/8306‬‬ ‫‪92977092558/?type=3‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺪرة ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﻞ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ‪ ،‬ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﯿﻄﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺮﯾﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ‪ .‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك )‪ (1941‬أن ھﺎردوﯾﻚ رأى ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺄﺳﻮرة ﺣﻔﺮت ﻟﻨﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﺣﻔﺮة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ً ﺧﻼل ﻋﺸﺮة دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻷرض اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ‪ .‬وﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻲ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ُﺟﺤﻮر ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ إﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎ ً ﯾﺤﻔﺮھﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﺒﯿﺮ ُﺟﺤﻮر ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت أﺧﺮى ‪ ،‬وﺗﻠﻚ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘُﮭﺎ ﻛﺤﺎﻓﺮي ﻗﺒﻮر ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﮭﺠﻮرة اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ أو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ُﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ ً ﻣﺎ ﺗُﻔﺴﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ اﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎد اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﻓﻲ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄن‬ ‫وﻗﺪ أﺳﺘﻄﺎع دوﻧﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر )‪ (1931‬أن ﯾُﺜﺒﺖ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺤﻔﺮ أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ وﯾﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ُﺠﺜﺚ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ‪ .‬وﯾُﻮﺟﺪ ھﺬا اﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎد أﯾﻀﺎ ﻟﺪى اﻟﺒﺪو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب )ﺷﯿﺰﻣﺎن ‪ . (1926 ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ھﻨﺎك اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﺎت واﻷرﺑﻌﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺄﻛﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﯿﺎ ً ُﺟﺜﺚ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻹﺳﺘﺸﮭﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺜﺎل ﻣﻮﺛﻮق واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ واﻟﺬي ذﻛﺮه دوﻧﺒﺎر ﺑﺮاﻧﺪر )‪ (1931‬آﻧﻔﺎ ً ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﺒﯿﻮن )‪ (1933‬أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﻤﺰﻋﻮﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ أي دﻟﯿﻞ إﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺤﻔﺮ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ُﺠﺜﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ ‪ .‬وإن اﻹﺳﻢ اﻟﺴِﻨﺪي ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ھﻮ "ﺟﻮرﺑﺎت" )‪ (Gorpat‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﺮ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر )روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ‪ 1977‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪ . (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬وﻓﻲ ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ ﯾُﻌﺮف ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻢ "رﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر" ‪ ،‬وھﻨﺎك ﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﯿﺒﻲ ﯾﺬﻛﺮهُ )طﺮﯾﺤﺔ رﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر( ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺎدة ﺣﻔﺮ ِه‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺒﻮر )ﻋﺰاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ‪. (2021 ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﻛﺤﺎﻓﺮة‬ ‫وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻈﮭﺮھﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺐ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﺤﺎط ﺑﺎﻟ ُﺨﺮاﻓﺎت ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ُ‬ ‫ﻟ ُﺠﺜﺚ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴِﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺄن اﻹﻧﺴﺎن إذا ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ ﻟﻮﺣﺪ ِه ‪ ،‬وﻻﻗﻰ‬ ‫ظﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﯿﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﺳﻮف ﯾﻨﺘﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ أرﺟﻠ ِﮫ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ وﯾﺨﻨﻖ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺘﻨﻔﺴ ِﮫ ‪ .‬وﺑﻨﺎ ًءا ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺆ ِذ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ ً ﯾﺘﻢ ﻗﺘﻠﮫ إذا ﺗﻤﺖ ُﻣﻼﻗﺎﺗﮫُ ؛ وﺣﺘﻰ اﻟ ُﻤﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ اﻟ ُﺤﺮاس ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﯾﻘﺘﻠﻮﻧﮫُ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ُرؤﯾﺘﮫ ‪ .‬واﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ُﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎن ﺣﯿﺚ أﻧﮫ ﯾﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻌﺎﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻮارض ‪ ،‬وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﻟﺸﯿﺊ ﯾﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك إﺟﺤﺎف ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدل ﺿﺪ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﯿﻮان‬ ‫)روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ‪ 1977‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﺣﯿﻮان آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺪواﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ طﺒﯿﻌﺘﮫ )ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪ ، (1968 ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾُﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻢ ُﻣﮭﺎﺟﻤﺘﮫُ ‪ ،‬وھﻮ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺪ ِﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺜﺨﺎﻧﺔ وﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ ﻟﺮداء ِه اﻟﻤﻨﯿﻊ ‪ .‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ )‪ (1972‬أن اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺘ ِﮫ اﻟﺪُھﻨﯿﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻲ َﻣﺮﺧﯿﺔ ﺟﺪا ً ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ َﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎ ً أن ﯾُﺪﺧﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﮭﺎ )ﺧﻠﻒ ‪، 1983c‬‬ ‫‪ . (2006f ، 2004b‬وﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺪِﻓﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﺒﮭﺎ اﻟﻘﻮﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻀﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗُﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻏﺪدھﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ ‪ .‬ھﺬا وإن ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺮوﺣﺎ ً ﺷﺪﯾﺪة ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ ُﻣﺰودة ﺑﺮاﺋﺤﺔ ﺧﺎﻧﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻓﺮاز اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺪﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﻮل ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻹﺧﺮاج ﺗﺸﺒﮫ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻮان أﺑﻮ ﻋﻔﻦ )اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﻲ( )‪ (Skunk‬؛ ھﺬا ﻣﻊ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻢ أن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ "آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" )ﻣﻠﯿﻔﻮرﯾﻨﻲ( )‪(Mellivorinae‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻀﻢ إﻻ ﻧﻮﻋﺎ ً واﺣﺪا ً ﻓﻘﻂ أﻻ وھﻮ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن )آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻲ( )‪ . (Mellivora capensis‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﯿﺔ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﮭﺎ ‪20 x 30‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك )‪ (1946‬أن اﻟﻐُﺪد اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻧﺜﻰ اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮا ً ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻤﻠﻮءة ﺑﺈﻓﺮاز ﻟﻮﻧﮫ أﺻﻔﺮ ﯾﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﺨﺮدل اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ‪ .‬وﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻷﻧﻒ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ أن‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺸﻒ راﺋﺤﺘﮫُ اﻟ ُﻤﻐﺜﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑُﻌﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 45‬ﻣﺘﺮا ً ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ اﻟ ُﻤﻨﺘﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﺑﺎن ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ أﺑﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﺑﺤﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻌُﻠﻤﺎء اﻟ ُﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ اﻷواﺋﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﺣﻆ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ‪ِ 255-159‬ھﺠﺮﯾﺔ )‪ 868-775‬ﻣﯿﻼدﯾﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺤﯿﻮان"‬ ‫أن ‪" :‬اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أﻧﺘﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﺴﻮة ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻋﺮف اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﮫُ ﻣﻦ أﺷﺪ ِﺳﻼﺣﮫ" ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

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‫أﺑﻮ ﯾﺤﯿﻰ زﻛﺮﯾﺎ ﺑﻦ ُﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻘﺰوﯾﻨﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ِ 682-600‬ھﺠﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫)‪ 1283-1203‬ﻣﯿﻼدﯾﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﮫ "ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت وﻏﺮاﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدات" أن ‪" :‬اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن دُوﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﮭﺮة ُﻣﻨﺘﻨﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ أﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻨﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻤﺖ اﻹﺑﻞ راﺋﺤﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮدت‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﺼﻌﺐ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ؛ وﻟﻮ ﻓﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮب ﻻ ﺗﺰول ﻋﻨﮫُ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ إﻟﻰ أن ﯾﺒﻠﻰ وﻟﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺮة ‪ .‬وھﻮ ﻋﺪو اﻟﻀﺐ" ‪ .‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ُﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﯿﺴﻰ اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ِ 808-742‬ھﺠﺮﯾﺔ )‪ 1405-1341‬ﻣﯿﻼدﯾﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮫ "ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻜﺒﺮى" أن ‪:‬‬ ‫"اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن دُوﯾﺒﺔ ﻓﻮق ﺟﺮو اﻟﻜﻠﺐ ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﻨﺘﻨﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺜﯿﺮة اﻟﻔﺴﻮ" )ﺧﻠﻒ ‪.(2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫ھﺬا وإﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﻚ أن اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻼﻓﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻟﮭﻲ ﻣﺜﺎل واﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬وھﻲ ﺻﻔﺔ ُﻣﻤﯿﺰة ﺗﺠﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﺧﺼﻢ ﯾُﻔﻀﻞ ﺗﺠﻨﺒﮫ ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ وردت أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗُﺼﺪق‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ً ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻮﻛﻮك )‪ (1941‬ﺣﯿﺚ ذﻛﺮ أن آﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﻲ ﻗﺘﻞ ذﻛﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻮس‬ ‫)‪ (bull buffalo‬وﻧﻮ )ﺛﯿﺘﻞ أﻓﺮﯾﻘﻲ( )‪) (Wildebeest, Gnu‬ﺧﻠﻒ ‪.(2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ )‪ (1972‬أن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﯾﺨﻔﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺄن ﯾﺤﻔﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮة ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ ِﺣﻜﺮه ﻓﻲ زاوﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﺳﯿﮭﺎﺟﻢ أي ﺣﯿﻮان ﺣﺘﻰ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ إﺻﺪار‬ ‫ﺻﻮت زﻣﺠﺮة ﺷﺮﺳﺔ )‪ . (snarling viciously‬وإن ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺪدھﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﺟﯿﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻧﺸﯿﻄﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ھﺬه اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺎت ‪ .‬وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺟﻠﺪھﺎ اﻟﺨﺸﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﯾﻜﻮن آﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻤﻔﺘﺮﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة )ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ ‪ ، 1972‬ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻮﻛﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 6‬ﺷﮭﻮر ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻠﺪ ﻋﺎدة ﺻﻐﯿﺮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ‪ .‬وﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ أﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﺼﯿﻒ ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﻸﻧﺜﻰ ﺑﻄﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ واﺣﺪة ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﻮرﺗﺮﯾﺪج‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ ﺗﻠﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺻﻐﯿﺮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ‪ .‬وﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺰاوج ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (1934‬أن اﻟ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮي أﺑﺮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺧﻼل ﺷﮭﺮي ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ )أﯾﻠﻮل( وأﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ )ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻦ اﻷول( ؛ وﺗﻮﻟﺪ ِ‬ ‫)ﻧﯿﺴﺎن( وﻣﺎﯾﻮ )آﯾﺎر( ‪ .‬وﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺗ ُﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻼﺣﻒ اﻟﺴﮭﻮب )‪ (Steppe chelonians‬ﺟﺰ ًءا ھﺎﻣﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ وﺟﺒﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻐﺬى أﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻮاﻋﺎ ً أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰواﺣﻒ )ﺳﺎﺑﻮز ّھﻨﻜﻮف وآﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫‪ 1963‬؛ ھﺎرﯾﺴﻮن ‪. (1968‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﺸﻘﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﮭﻠﻮاﻧﯿﺔ رأﺳﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺐ ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺷﻮھﺪ‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن أﻟﯿﻒ وﻟﻌﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺮ ‪ ،‬وﻟﺪﯾﮫ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات وھﻮ ﯾُﻤﺎرس ھﺬا اﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ )‪ (1977‬أن ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻟﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ وھﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ؛ وﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﺸﻘﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺠﺎﺋﯿﺔ ‪ .‬وﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﻮود ﻓﻲ زاﻣﺒﯿﺎ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ زوﺟﺎ ً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن وھﻢ ﯾﻨﺰﻟﻘﻮن ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ُﻣﻨﺰﻟﻖ طﯿﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك ُﻣﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻋﺔ )‪ . (Otter‬وﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺸﯿﺘﮭﻢ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ﻣﺸﯿﺎ ً ُﻣﺘﺜﺎﻗﻼً ﻛﺎﻷﺧﺮق ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ رﺷﯿﻖ )‪ ، (clumsy shuffling‬وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺬﯾﻞ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺮدودا إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻮق ظﮭﻮرھﺎ‬ ‫)روﺑﺮﺗﺲ ‪ 1977‬؛ ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫وﯾﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺰﯾﻤﻚ )‪ (1972‬أن ﻟﻮدوﯾﺞ ھﯿﻚ ﻛﺘﺐ ‪":‬ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ُﻣﺴﺘﺄﻧﺴﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدي ‪ ...‬وھﻲ ﺗ ُﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪاﺋﻘﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫وھﻢ ُﻣﻔﻌﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ وﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟ ُﻤﺤﺒﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬وﯾُﻤﻜﻦ اﻹﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻷﻋﻮام ﻋﺪﯾﺪة" ‪ .‬وﯾﺬﻛﺮ روﺑﺮﺗﺲ )‪ (1977‬أن أﻓﺮادا ً‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ 23‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ً )ﺧﻠﻒ ‪. (2006f ، 2004b ، 1983c‬‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺳﻮرة ﻋﺎﺷﺖ ﺣﺘﻰ ُ‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

References and Internet Websites Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah N. (2005). An ecological survey and assessment of Wadi Gaza Nature Reserve, Gaza Strip – Palestine, with particular emphasis on wildlife, [Ph.D. dissertation], Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Sudan. Abd Rabou, A. N. (2009). On the occurrence of some carnivores in the Gaza Strip, Palestine (Mammalia: Carnivora). Zool. Mid. East 46: 109-112. Abd Rabou, A. N. (2009). The Zionist siege and its environmental consequences in the Gaza Strip, Palestine ... 61 years after Nakba, May 16-17, 2009, Faculty of Arts, Islamic University of Gaza, 911-933. Abd Rabou, A. N. (2011a). On the ecology of Wadi Gaza, Gaza Strip: Survey and assessment (Wildlife is focused). Lambert Academic Publishing, Berlin. Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah N. (2011b). The Palestinian mammalian fauna acquired by the zoological gardens in the Gaza Strip. Nusantara Bioscience. ISSN: 20873948. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 82-91, July 2011. https://smujo.id/nb/article/view/949/2981?fbclid=IwAR2YOLpUxPzs9YiErd C07XA9FnMvDx5_89kzSHN_0VP-xWPFZcqifalwZXY Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah (14.02.2014). A caged Marbled Polecat for sale at AlYarmouk Souq Market in Gaza. 14 February 2014. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fa cebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D702931656395429%26set%3Da.212687845 419815%26type%3D Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah (10.2019). On the Occurrence, Ecology and Risks of the Egyptian Mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon Linnaeus, 1758) in the Gaza Strip Palestine. Agricultural Research & Technology. Volume 23, Issue 2, October 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339750507_On_the_Occurrence_Eco logy_and_Risks_of_the_Egyptian_Mongoose_Herpestes_ichneumon_Linnaeus_1 758_in_the_Gaza_Strip_-Palestine Abd Rabou, A. N., Yassin, M. M., Al-Agha, M. R., Hamad, D. M., Ali, A. S. (2007). Wild mammals in the Gaza Strip, with particular reference to Wadi Gaza. Islamic Univ J (Ser Nat Stud Eng) 15 (1): 87-109. Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah N., Nour J. Musallam, Eman J. Musallam, Kamal E. Elkahlout, Kamal J. Elnabris, Tarek A. El-Bashiti, Ismail I. Abdel Aziz, Reham M. Ishneiwra, Eqbal S. Radwan, Hana S. Saada, Ashraf A. Shafei, Nedal A. Fayyad, Saleh N. Mwafy, Huda E. Abu Amra, Ramy A. Abu Alajeen, Mohammed F. Abu Owda, Randa N. Alfarra, Haifaa A. Hassouna, Reem A. Hassouna, Mohammed R. Al-Agha, Mohammed A. Abd Rabou (December 2020). The Palestinian Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Preserved at the Biology Exhibitions of the Universities of the Gaza Strip. Research in Ecology, Volume 02, Issue 04, pp. 9-21, December 2020. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6058/35331b116a62ecd5e0a3141405891337a56 2.pdf?_ga=2.26102965.98842595.1618773637Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

23 1180744425.1618773637&fbclid=IwAR0XlmRbnJRnyrrDTiyX1Eew8pT6ALZwLAB-v3Q5CdWOAnIp0tRkyyhSgo Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah N.; Kamal E. Elkahlout, Fayez A. Almabhouh, Walid F. Mohamed, Norman A. Khalaf, Mona A. Al-Sadek, Randa N. Alfarra, Lamis T. Al-Moqayed, Ashraf A. Shafei, Nedal A. Fayyad, Belal S. Adeem, Ayman W. Dardona, Abdallah S. Awad, Mohammed R. Al-Agha, Mohammed A. Abd Rabou (02.2021). Occurrence and Some Ecological Aspects of the Golden Jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Open Journal of Ecology, 2021, Volume 11, Issue 2 (February 2021), pp. 105-125. ISSN Print: 21621985, ISSN Online: 2162-1993. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352789879_Occurrence_and_Some_ Ecological_Aspects_of_the_Golden_Jackal_Canis_aureus_Linnaeus_1758_in_the_ Gaza_Strip_Palestine & https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinforcitation.aspx?paperid=107121 & https://www.academia.edu/49435817/Occurrence_and_Some_Ecological_Aspe cts_of_the_Golden_Jackal_Canis_aureus_Linnaeus_1758_in_the_Gaza_Strip_Pale stine Abd Rabou, Abdel Fattah (16.04.2021). European or Eurasian Badger (Meles meles) records from the Gaza Strip. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/drarabou/posts/4094682243887003 Abu Baker, M. A., Amr, Z. (2002). Status of the Eurasian Badger, Meles meles, in Jordan (Carnivora: Mustelidae). Zool Mid East 27: 13-20. Abu Taleb, M. H. (2008). Studies on some vertebrates of Gaza Strip – Palestine. Ph. D. Thesis, Ain Shams University – Egypt / Al-Aqsa University – Palestine. (The Joint Program for Higher Studies). Aharoni, B. (1932). Die Muriden von Palästina und Syrien. (Translated by J. H. Lewis, No. 142, USNMRU-3, Cairo, Egypt. Z. Säugetierkd., 7:166-240. Aharoni, B. (1944). An Egyptian bat, new to Palestine. Bull. Zool. Soc. Egypt, Cairo, 6:26. Aharoni, Israel (1917). Zum Vorkommen der Säugetiere in Palästina und Syrien. Z. Mitt. Dt. Paläst. Ver., 40: 235-242. Aharoni, Israel (1930). Die Säugetiere Palästinas. Z. Säugetierkd. 5: 327-343. Akhtar, S. A. (1945). On the habits of the Marbled Polecat, Vormela peregusna. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 45:142. Al-Dabagh, Mustafa Murad (1985). The Plant and Animal Kingdoms in our Land Palestine, and its relation to the Names of Sites. Beirut. (In Arabic). Ali-Shtayeh, M.S., Hamad A.K. (1997). Biodiversity in Palestine: West Bank and Gaza Strip, (pp. 469-529). In: Proceedings of the Arab experts meeting on biodiversity in the Arab world (Ed. ACSAD: The Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands (Damascus) and the Technical Secretary of the League of the Arab States (Cairo). 1-5 October 1995, Cairo, Egypt. ACSAD/AS/P171/1997. Damascus.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

24 Al-Jumaily, M. M. (1998). Review of the mammals of the Republic of Yemen. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 17: 477-502. Allen, G. M. (1915). Mammals obtained by the Phillips Palestine Expedition. Bull. Comp. Zool. Harv. Uni. 59: 3-14. Amr, Z. S. (2000). Jordan country study on biological diversity: Mammals of Jordan. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Amman. Amr, Zuhair S. & Disi, A. M. (1988). Jordanian Mammals acquired by the Jordan University Natural History Museum. Dirasat Nat. Sci., Amman. 15: 3-32. Amr, Zuhair S., Kalishaw, G., Yousef, M., Chilcot, B. J., Al-Budari, Adnan (1996). Carnivores of Dana Nature Reserve (Carnivora: Canidae, Hyaenidae, and Felidae), Jordan. Zool Mid East 13:5-16. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09397140.1996.10637701 Amr, Zuhair S., S. Woodbury, and A. M. Disi (1987). On a collection of mammals from Jordan. Dirasat Nat. Sci. (Amman), 14: 131-136. Anonymous (1945). Further notes on Palestine Mammals. Bull. Jerusalem Nat. Club 12:1. Anonymous (1946). The Schmitz Collection of Mammals. Bull. Jerusalem Nat. Club 23:1-2. Anonymous (1966). Al Manar Newspaper. 25th March 1966. Appendix (2): Classification and Environmental Information on Mammals in Palestine. Palestinian National Information Centre, Palestinian National Authority, Palestine. www.pnic.gov.ps/english/Environment/Environment_Appendices.htm Araf, Dr. Shukri (1992). Palestinian Sites between two Eras and Maps. Jerusalem. (In Arabic). Atallah, Sana Issa (1966). Mammalogy. In: International Jordan Expedition 1966. (Boyd, J. M., ed.). Nature, London, 212:664-666. Atallah, S. I. (1967). A collection of mammals from El-Jafr, southern Jordan. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 32(5):307-309. Atallah, Dr. Sana Issa (1977). The Mammals of the Eastern Mediterranean region: their ecology, systematics and zoogeographical relationships (part 1). Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen. 25: 241-320. Atallah, Dr. Sana Issa (1978). The Mammals of the Eastern Mediterranean region: their ecology, systematics and zoogeographical relationships (part 2). Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen. 26: 1-50. Atallah, Dr. Sana Issa. Children for the Protection of Nature in Palestine Home Page. Bate, D.M.A. (1952). The Pleistocene mammal faunas of Palestine and East Africa. Proc. Pan-Afr. Congr. Prehist., Oxford, 1947: 38-39. Ben-David, M. (1988). The biology and ecology of the Marbled Polecat, Vormela peregusna syriaca, in Israel. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel, pp: 167.

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25 Blanford, W. T. (1888-1891). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Taylor and Francis Pub. London. pps. 617. Bodenheimer, F. S. (1935). Animal Life in Palestine: An Introduction to the Problems of animal Ecology and Zoogeography. L. Mayer Pub. Jerusalem. xiii + 506 pp. Bodenheimer, F. S. (1937). Prodromus Fauna Palestinae. Mem. Inst. Egypt., Cairo. 33: 47-51. Bodenheimer, F. S. (1958). The Present Taxonomic Status of the Terrestrial Mammals of Palestine. Bull. Research Council of Israel, Zoology. Vol. 7B: 165189. Bodenheimer, F. S. (1960). Animal and Man in Bible Lands. E.J. Brill Publ. Leiden. pp. 232. Bunaian, F., Hatough, A., Ababaneh, D., Mashaqbeh, S., Yousef, M., Amr, Zuhair (2001). The carnivores of the Northeastern Badia, Jordan. Turkish Journal Zool. 25: 19-25. Champion, F. W. (1933). The Jungle in Sunlight and Shadow. Chatto & Windus, London. Cheesman, Robert Ernest (1920). Report on the Mammals of Mesopotamia collected by Members of the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force, 1915-1919. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 27:323-346. Cheesman, Robert Ernest (1920). Report on a collection of mammals made by Col. J.E.B. Hotson in Shiraz, Persia. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 573–581. Cheesman, Robert Ernest (1920). Mellivora wilsoni Cheesman, 1920. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, Vol. 27, pp. 335. Cheesman, Robert Ernest (1926), In Unknown Arabia. MacMillan Pub. London. pps. 447. Cheesman, R. E. and Hinton, M. A. C. (1924). On the Mammals collected in the Desert of Central Arabia by Major R. E. Cheesman between November 1923 and March 1924. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 14: 548. Clarke, J. E. (1977, 1979). Some personal experiences of conservation in dry land. Black Lechwe, 13: 6-9. Corbet, G.B. (1978). The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: A Taxonomic Review. Cornell University Press, London, Pages: 314. Dahl, S.K. (1954). The Animal World of the Armenian S.S.R., Vol. 1. Vertebrates. Part 2. Mammals. Zoological Institute, Yerevan, 415 pp. Danford, C.G. and E.R. Alston (1877). On the Mammals of Asia Minor. Zool. Society, London, pp: 270-282. Dayan, T. and E. Tchernov (1988). On the first occurrence of the common weasel (Mustela nivalis) in the fossil record of Israel. Mammalia, 52: 165-168. Dickson, H. R. P. (1949). The Arab of the Desert. Allen and Unwin Pub. London. pps. 664.

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26 Dogramaci, S. (1989). Turkiye Memeli Faunasi. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey. Doughty, C. M. (1888). Travels in Arabia Deserta. Jonathon Cape Pub. London. I. pps. 623, II. pps. 690. Dunbar Brander, A. A. (1931). Wild Animals in Central India. Edward Arnold, London. Ellerman, J.R. and T.C.S. Morrison-Scott (1951). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. British Museum, (Natural History), London, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/title/8595 Elliman, Wendy and Dr. Ortal, Reuven. Flora and Fauna in Israel. Focus on Israel. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Home Page. Ferguson, Walter W. (2002). The Mammals of Israel. Written and illustrated by: Walter W. Ferguson, and Edited by: Susan Menache. Gefen Publishing House, Jerusalem and New York. pps. 160. Flower, S. S. (1932). Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 102: 369-450. Gancz, Ady (27.09.2019). Honey Badger couple photographed in south Israel in January 2019. Israel Wild Mammals. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=937908896576605&set=gm.24822589185 32795 Gao W., Lu Z., Liang Y., Ren Z.-M. (2020). Complete mitochondrial genome of Mustela sibirica (Carnivora: Mustelidae), a protected and endangered species in China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resource 5(1):1081–1083. Gasperetti, J., Harrison, David L., Büttiker, W. (1985). The Carnivora of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 7: 397-461. Gross, C. (1987). Mammals of the Southern Gulf. Arabian Heritage Series, Motivate Publishing, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Grzimek, Bernhard (Editor) (1972). Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. Mammals 3. Volume 12. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, USA. Harrison, David L. (1959). Footsteps in the sand. Benn Pub., London. pps. 254. Harrison, David L. (1964). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 1. Introduction, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Primates. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xx + 192 pp. Harrison, David L. (1968). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 2. Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Hyracoidea. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xiv + 193-381 pp. Harrison, David L. (1972). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 3. Lagomorpha and Rodentia. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xvii + 384-670. Harrison, David L. (1981). Mammals of the Arabian Gulf. George Allen & Unwin, London, pps. 92. Harrison, David L. and Bates, P. J. (1991). The Mammals of Arabia. second edition. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, Kent. xvi+ 354. Harrison, David L. and R. E. Lewis (1964). A Note on the Occurrence of the Weasel (Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766) (Carnivora: Mustelinae) in Lebanon. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 29:3, 179-181. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

27 Hatough-Bouran, A. and A. M. Disi (1991). History, distribution, and conservation of large mammals and their habitats in Jordan. Environ. Conserv., 18: 19-44. Hatt, R.T. (1959). The Mammals of Iraq. Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan. Number 106. pps. 113. Heptner, V.G. and N.R. Naumov, (1974). Die Säugetiere der Sowjetunion. VEB Verlag, Berlin. Hoath, R. (2003). A field guide to the mammals of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Egypt. Howells, Victor A. (1956). Naturalist in Palestine. Andrew Melrose Pub. London. pps. 180. Ilani, G. (1977). Zoogeographical and ecological survey of carnivores: Mammalian carnivora in Israel and the administered areas. Israel Journal of Zoology, 26(3/4):25. Ilani, G. (1979). Zoogeographical and ecological survey of carnivores in Israel and administered areas. Israel Nature Reserves Authority, Tel Aviv, Israel.

A Honey Badger in captivity in Basrah, Iraq. 11.09.2016. https://www.facebook.com/Basra2009/photos/a.124940597538296/1310450098 987334/?type=3 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

28 Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1980). Tabie’t Al-Talawon fi Al-Haywanat (The Colouration of Animals). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 1. January 1980, Safar 1401. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 4-5. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman (1982). A’maar Al-Haywanat (Animal Ages). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 18, Third Year, First Semester, Saturday 6.11.1982. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 7. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman (1983a). Haywan Al-Ghurair (Al-Gharir) fi Falestin wa Shibeh Al-Jazeera Al-Arabia (The Badger in Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula). AlKhalisah Bulletin. The National Palestinian Assemblage. Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. First Year. Number 2. February 1983. pp. 12 -13. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman (1983b). Ta’qib ‘Ala Maqal ‘Ilmi: Haywan Al-Ghurair (AlGharir) (A Scientific Comment: The Badger). Al-Khalisah Bulletin. The National Palestinian Assemblage. Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. First Year. Number 3. April 1983. pp. 20. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1983c). The Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) in the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. First Year. Number 2. August 1983. pp. 1-30. Hanweiler, Saarland, Federal Republic of Germany. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1983d). The Brown Bear in Palestine and the rest of the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. First Year. Number 3. November 1983. pp. 1-6. Al Salimiah, State of Kuwait. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1984-1985). The Weasel Project: Scientific Research on captive weasels (Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766) in the Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Durham, England, during the Academic Year 1984-1985. Supervisor: Dr. Nigel Dunstone. Unpublished scientific research and data & scientific diary. Research Notebook. pp. 1-56. Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1987). A Trip to Kuwait Zoo, State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. Fifth Year, Number 13, Ramadan 1407 AH, April 1987 AD. pp. 1-5. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Palästina, Norman Ali Bassam (1988). The Honey Badger in Kuwait Zoo, State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. RilchingenHanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 18, Sixth Year, Rabie’ Alakher 1409 AH, November 1988 AD. pp. 1-2. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). A Trip to Zoo Budapest, Hungary. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 21, Ninth Year, January 1991. pp. 1-4. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1991). The Otter (Lutra lutra) in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 22, Ninth Year, February 1991. pp. 1-4. Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). Notes on the Biological Ecology of the Marshes in Southern Iraq. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 29, Tenth Year, September Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

29 1992. pp. 1-9. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). The United Nations Ecological Report confirms: The Regime of Saddam is destroying the Marshes (Al-Ahwar) Ecosystem. Sawt Al-Kuwait International Newspaper. Saturday 17 October 1992, 21 Rabi’e Al-Thani 1412. pp. 15. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Gazelle. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 30, Tenth Year, October 1992. pp. 1-7. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan 1994. pp. 16-21. (In Arabic). Acquaintance Card: Majallet Al-Ghazzal (Gazelle Magazine): The Palestinian Biological Bulletin, Bonn, Germany. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan 1994. pp. 51-52. (In Arabic).

Persian Honey Badgers (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) at the Biblical Zoological Garden in Al-Malha, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Palestine. https://zooinstitutes.com/animals/persianhoney-badger-biblical-zoological-garden-2313.html

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30 Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). A Palestinian Zoologist: Dr. Sana Issa Atallah. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Environmental Affairs 2 and Dinosaurs. http://gazelle.8m.net/custom3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Extinct and Endangered Animals in Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). Threatened Mammals. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Syrian Bear. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Homepage. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Mustelids of Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Homepage. Mammals in Palestine and the Book “Mammalia Arabica”. http://gazelle.8m.net/catalog.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Common Weasel. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Homepage. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004a). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-0141219. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2004: 452 Seiten/Pages. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004: 460 Seiten/Pages. SelfPublisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004b). The Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) in the Arabian Peninsula. In: Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-014121-9. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2004. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004. pp. 428-399. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005a). The Mammals in Dubai Zoo, Dubai City, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological bulletin. Number 45, Twenty-third Year, September 2005, Sha’ban 1426. pp. 1-14. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005b). The Rafah Zoo in the Rafah Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip, Palestine: A Story of Destruction by the Israeli Occupation Army. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 46, Twenty-third Year, October 2005, Ramadan 1426. pp. 1-11. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

A Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) at Meir Segals Garden University Zoo, Tel Aviv. https://zooinstitutes.com/animals/persian-honey-badger-meir-segalsgarden-university-zoo-2440.html

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (2005c). The Qalqilia Zoo and the Natural History Museum in the City of Qalqilia, West Bank, Occupied Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal 1426. pp. 1-10. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (Member of PALESTA) (2005d). Palestinian Scientists and Technologists Abroad (PALESTA). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal 1426. pp. 11-12. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006a). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine / Die Säugetiere Palästinas. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 55, Twenty-fourth Year, July 2006, Jumada AlThania 1427.pp. 1-46. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://archive.is/xmclD & http://web.archive.org/web/20080315233525/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Mammalia_Palaestina1.html (Part 1) & http://web.archive.org/web/20090403201333/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Mammalia_Palaestina2.html (Part 2). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006b). Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

32 Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 19802006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage, Juli 2006, 484 pp. Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/mammaliaarabica.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006c). The Mustelids of Palestine. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006. pp. 151. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mjzf_I_b8wTX_BHd1RsuU4ykhJlIKW2/view?usp=sharing Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006d). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine / Die Säugetiere Palästinas. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006. pp. 240-285. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mjzf_I_b8wTX_BHd1RsuU4ykhJlIKW2/view?usp=sharing Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006e). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006. pp. 286-293. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, RilchingenHanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mjzf_I_b8wTX_BHd1RsuU4ykhJlIKW2/view?usp=sharing Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006f). The Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) in the Arabian Peninsula. In: Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980-2006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage (First Edition), Juli 2006. pp. 457-428. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mjzf_I_b8wTX_BHd1RsuU4ykhJlIKW2/view?usp=sharing Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006g). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 57, Twenty-fourth Year, September 2006. pp. 1-7. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

33 http://web.archive.org/web/20080320083547/http://www.geocities.com./jaffa city/Weasel_Palestine.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006h). The Mustelids of Palestine. http://web.archive.org/web/20080820200053/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Palestine_Mustelid.html Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). Carnivora Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 2005-2008. / Carnivora Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 2005-2008. First Edition, September 2008, Ramadan 1429 AH. 396 pps. Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. ISBN 9789948-03-459-9. (In Arabic, English and German). http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/carnivoraarabica.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Carnivora Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 2005-2008. / Carnivora Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 2005-2008. ISBN 978-9948-03-459-9. First Edition: September 2008. pp. 71-78. Self-Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler,Deutschland. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/carnivoraarabica.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59551346/book-carnivoraarabica-by-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-2008 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). Carnivora Palaestina: The Carnivores of Palestine / Die Raubtiere Palästinas. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 82, October 2008, Shawal 1429 AH. pp. 1-25. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://de.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Fauna_Arabica/conversations/mes sages/31 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009a). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009b). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

A Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) at Haifa Educational Zoo & Botanical Garden. https://zooinstitutes.com/animals/persian-honey-badger-haifaeducational-zoo-amp-botanical-garden-15055.html

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009c). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009. pp. 185-192. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/59498633/fauna-palaestina-1book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-2009 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2010). Fauna Emiratus Part One. Zoological Studies in the United Arab Emirates between 2004 - 2009. / Fauna Emiratus – Teil Eins. Zoologische Studien in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zwischen 2004 - 2009. ISBN 978-9948-15-462-4. Erste Auflage/First Edition, November 2010: 350 Seiten / Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunaemiratuspart1.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012a). Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

35 Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition: July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. 208 Seiten / Pages (Arabic Part 120 Pages and the English Part 88 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2012b). The Common Weasel (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in Palestine and the East Mediterranean Region. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition : July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. pp. 69-77. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59602956/fauna-palaestinapart-2-book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2012 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012c). The Rafah Zoo in the Rafah Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip, Palestine: A Story of Destruction by the Israeli Occupation Army. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition: July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. pp. 101-108. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. (Article in Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. 364 pages (English Part 350 Pages and the Arabic Part 14 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart3.htm Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2014a). Killing Incidents of Wild Animals in the State of Palestine in 2013. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Volume 32, Number 109, January 2014, Rabiea Al Awal 1435 AH. pp. 1-17. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://animals-of-palestine.webs.com/killing-incidents-ofanimals Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014b). Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pps. 456 (English part 378 pp. & Arabic part 78 pp.) Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestinapart-1.webs.com/faunapalaestina4.htm

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

A Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) at the Meir Segals Garden for Zoological Research, Tel Aviv University. Photo by Eman. 19 February 2007. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TAUZoo_eman150.JPG

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014c). Haywan Al-Ghurair (AlGhurairy) Al-Farisi fi Filastin wa Shibeh Al-Jazeera Al-Arabia / The Persian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) in Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 16-36. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014d). Killing Incidents of Wild Animals in the State of Palestine in 2013. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 246-270. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. Khalaf, Norman Ali (04 November 2014e). Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) at the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo, Al-Malha, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Palestine, on 02 August 2013. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

37 https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10152773143849831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015a). Haywan Al-Ghurair (Al-Ghurairy) Al-Farisi fi Filastin wa Shibeh Al-Jazeera AlArabia / The Persian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) in Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Volume 33, Number 123, March 2015. pp. 1-17. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (in Arabic). http://animals-ofpalestine.webs.com/persian-badger Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2015b). Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Fünf. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2016. ISBN 978-9950383-92-0. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. 448 pp. (English Part 304 Pages and the Arabic Part 144 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://faunapalaestina-books.webs.com/& eBook (Google Drive): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C9Vo6oBn4AAYB7XnpeIGgEXgOBZFzar6/v iew?usp=sharing

Book cover of Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016. By: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa (2015). https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10153256376109831&set=a.127745184830Khala f, Norman Ali (12 November 2016). Honey Badger in Palestine. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10154629333819831&set=a.10154629333689831 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

38 Khalaf, Norman Ali (12 November 2016). Honey Badger in Palestine. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10154629333819831&set=a.10154629333 689831 Khalaf, Norman Ali (17 August 2019). Research on Durham Weasels 1984/85. ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺣﯿﻮان إﺑﻦ ﻋﺮس ﻓﻲ دورھﺎم‬. Facebook. Photo Album. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/media_set?set=a.10157382702 789831&type=3 Khalaf, Norman Ali (03 March 2020). Happy World Wildlife Day. 03 March 2020. The Palestinian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) in Al-Quds (Jerusalem). https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10157956015084831&set=a.10150211908 229831 Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (August 2020). The Weasel Project: Scientific Research on captive weasels (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in the Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Durham, England, during the Academic Year 1984-1985. Supervisor: Dr. Nigel Dunstone. Scientific Research and Data & Scientific Diary. Research Notebook. pp. 1-56. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 38, Number 188, August 2020, pp. 1-56. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://carnivores-of-palestine2.webs.com/weasels-in-durham & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/weasel_project_zoology_department_durham_universit Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (September 2020). The Weasel Project: Scientific Research on captive weasels (Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus 1766) in the Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Durham, England, during the Academic Year 1984-1985 (Part Two). Documents, Data and Activity Charts & Graphs. Supervisor: Dr. Nigel Dunstone. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 38, Number 189, September 2020, pp. 1-32. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://carnivores-of-palestine2.webs.com/weasels-in-durham & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/weasel_project_2 Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali (17.04.2021a). A rare record from the Gaza Strip: A Badger (Meles meles) was caught alive from the eastern boundaries of Gaza City on 14.04.2021. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159077072824831 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (29 April 2021b). A rare record from the Gaza Strip : A Syrian Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna syriaca Pocock, 1936) was caught alive from the eastern boundaries of Gaza City on 25.04.202. Facebook. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

39 https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159103124479831&set=a.127745184830 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (8 May 2021c). Ghurair Caucasi (Caucasian Badger). ‫ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬. Wikipedia Arabic. http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ_ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (10 May 2021d). Wait for my next scientific article on the rare presence of Caucasian Badgers (Meles meles canescens) in the Gaza Strip. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159127512124831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (28 May 2021e). Wait for my next scientific article on the rare presence of the Syrian Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna syriaca Pocock, 1936) in the Gaza Strip, and a review of its distribution in Palestine and the northern Arabian Peninsula. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159168031439831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (01 June 2021f). A rare second record in 2 months from the Gaza Strip: A Badger (Meles meles) was caught alive from Al-Tal Al-Akhdar Neighborhood area, east of Al-Bureij Refugee Camp in the Central Gaza Strip, Palestine on 31.05.2021. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159176963374831

Honey Badger eating a Rock Monitor Lizard (Varanus albigularis). https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=812974199327539&set=a.627861351172159 &type=3 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

40 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (01 June 2021g). Video: A rare second record in 2 months from the Gaza Strip: A Badger (Meles meles) was caught alive from Al-Tal Al-Akhdar Neighborhood area, east of Al-Bureij Refugee Camp in the Central Gaza Strip, Palestine on 31.05.2021. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159176972044831 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (06 June 2021h). Gaza Wildlife in Danger: A second rare record in 2 months from the Gaza Strip: A Syrian Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna syriaca Pocock, 1936) was caught alive from Rafah area, southern Gaza Strip on 05.06.2021. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159187330659831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (07 June 2021i). We must establish the Gaza Nature Reserve as soon as possible to protect what is left of the rare wild animals of Gaza. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159189340594831 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (17 June 2021j). Wait for my next scientific article on the presence of the Persian Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni Cheesman, 1920) in Palestine, and a review of its distribution in the northern Arabian Peninsula. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10159211495094831&set=a.12774518483 0 Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (November 2022). Rare Records of the Persian or Caucasian Badger (Meles meles canescens Blanford, 1875) from the Gaza Strip, and a review of its distribution in Palestine and the northern Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 40, Number 215, November 2022, pp. 1-31. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). https://palestinestamps.webs.com/persian-badger Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (December 2022). Rare Records of the Syrian Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna syriaca Pocock, 1936) from the Gaza Strip, and a review of its distribution in Palestine and the northern Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 40, Number 216, December 2022, pp. 1-40. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). https://palestinestamps.webs.com/syrian-marbled-polecat & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/marbled_polecat_in_gaza_palestine & https://www.academia.edu/49181656/Rare_Records_of_the_Syrian_Marbled_P Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

41 olecat_Vormela_peregusna_syriaca_Pocock_1936_from_the_Gaza_Strip_and_a_r eview_of_its_distribution_in_Palestine_and_the_northern_Arabian_Peninsula & https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352247938_Rare_Records_of_the_Sy rian_Marbled_Polecat_Vormela_peregusna_syriaca_Pocock_1936_from_the_Gaz a_Strip_and_a_review_of_its_distribution_in_Palestine_and_the_northern_Arabi an_Peninsula Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (January 2023). The Persian Ratel or Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni Cheesman, 1920) in Palestine, and a review of its distribution in the northern Arabian Peninsula. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 41, Number 217, January 2023, pp. 1-49. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (Abstracts in English and Arabic). https://palestine-stamps.webs.com/apps/blog/

A Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) somewhere in Palestine. Photo from a trail camera. https://www.mako.co.il/news-channel2/Friday-Newscastq2_2018/Article3b6fee8b634e261004.htm?fbclid=IwAR1TpWyyap8kq0jqpiRkEudgnpwv3Xxxml_4L6Ls6 QSgLZgdK5mzpLBo9-I

King, C.M. (1984). The Mustelids. In: The Encyclopedia of Mammals, McDonalds, D. (Ed.). Facts on File, New York, ISBN-13: 978-0871968715, pp: 108132. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

42 Kingdon, J. (1990). Arabian mammals: a natural history. Academic Press, London. Kock, D. (1983). Identifizierung der Palästina-Genetten von J. Aharoni als Vormela peregusna (Güldenstädt, 1770). Z. Säugetierkd., 48: 381-383. Kock, D.; Kinzelbach, R. (1982). Der Dachs, Meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in NW-Syrien. Zeitschrift Für Säugetierkunde. Volume 47 (5), Verlag Paul Parey Hamburg und Berlin (Deutschland, Germany) 1982. Kruukm, Hans and Kack, Lil De (1981). Food and Habitat of Badgers on Monte Baldo, Northern Italy. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. Volume 46 (5). Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin (Deutschland, Germany). 1981. Kumerloeve, H. (1967). Zur Verbreitung kleinasiattischer Raub-und Huftiere sowie einiger Großnager. Säuget. Mitt., 4: 337-409. Kurtonur, C., B. Ozkan, I. Albayrak, E. Kivanc and H. Kefelioglu (1996). Turkiye Omurgalilar Tur Listesi (Memeliler). R and D Facility Institute of Tubitak, Turkey. Lehmann, E. (1966). Taxonomische Bemerkungen zur säugerausbeute der kumerloeveschen Orient-reisen. Zoologische Beiträge, 12: 251-317, Berlin. Lewis, R. E. and Dr. Sana Issa Atallah (1966). A note on the occurrence of Mellivora capensis ssp. in Northern Saudi Arabia (Mellivorinae: Mustelidae). Zeit. F. Säugetierkd., 31 (1966) 115: 390-392. Lewis, R. E.; Lewis, J. H.; and Dr. Sana Issa Atallah (1968). A review of Lebanese mammals. Carnivora, Pinnipedia, Hyracoidea and Artiodactyla. J. of Zool. (London) 154: 517-531. List of mammals of the State of Palestine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_the_State_of_Palestine Marbled Polecat walks over rocks, Israel Video. https://www.gettyimages.fi/detail/video/marbled-polecat-walks-over-rocksisrael-stock-video-footage/1B08154_0010 Masseti, Marco (1995). Quaternary Biogeography of the Mustelidae Family on the Mediterranean Islands. Proc. II It. Symp. on Carnivores. Hystrix, (n.s.) 7 (1-2) (1995): 17-34. Masseti, Marco (2009). Carnivores of Syria. In: Neubert, E., Amr, Z., Taiti, S. and Gumus, B. (Eds): Animal diversity in the Middle East. Proceedings of the 1st Middle Eastern Biodiversity Congress, Aqaba, Jordan 20-23 October 2008, ZooKeys, 31: 229-252. Mendelssohn, Heinrich; Yom-Tov, Y. (1999). Fauna Palaestina: Mammalia of Israel. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Keterpress Enterprises, 439 pp. Misonne, X. (1957). Mammifères de la Turquie sud-orientale et du nord de la Syrie. Mammalia, Paris. 21: 53. Musil, A. (1927). The Middle Euphrates. Amer. Geog. Soc. Pub. New York, pps. 426.

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis). Photo: Prof. Dr. Heinrich Mendelssohn (After Dr. Mazin B. Qumsiyeh, 1996).

Mustelids of Lebanon (14.10.2020). Lebanese Wildlife. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/posts/1756539501175495 & https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/photos/1756539304508848 & https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/photos/1756539457842166 N12 (18.04.2020). Where has the Honey Badger gone? (In Hebrew). A Video on the Honey Badgers in Israel. https://www.mako.co.il/newschannel2/Friday-Newscast-q2_2018/Article3b6fee8b634e261004.htm?fbclid=IwAR1TpWyyap8kq0jqpiRkEudgnpwv3Xxxml_ 4L6Ls6QSgLZgdK5mzpLBo9-I Nader, I. A. (1989). Rare and endangered mammals of Saudi Arabia. In: AbuZinada, A.H., Goriup, P. D., Nader, I. A. (eds): Proceedings of the First Symposium Wildlife Conservation and Development in Saudi Arabia. February 1987. National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development, Riyadh, S.A. Nader, I. A. (1990). Checklist of the mammals of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 11: 329-381. Nader, I. A. (1996). Distribution and status of predators in Saudi Arabia. J. Wildlife Res, 1:210-214. NDTV (06.08.2020). These Small Animals took on a Pride of Lions - And won. Watch Crazy Video. https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/these-honey-badgers-tookon-a-pride-of-lions-and-won-watch-crazy-video-2275221 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

44 Neal, Ernest G. (1977). Badgers. Blandford Press: Poole Dorset. England 1977. Nehring, A., (1902). Über Foetorius sarmaticus und Spermophilusb von Konstantinopel, Sitz. Ber. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin. Neumyer, Scott (24.08.2015). Israel's 10 most beautiful animals. https://www.fromthegrapevine.com/nature/israels-10-beautiful-animals Özkurt, Ş., M. Sözen, N. YİĞİT, E. Çolak (1998). Notes on distributional records and some characteristics of five carnivore species (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Turkey. Turkish J. Zool. 22: 285-288. Ognev, S. I. (1931). The Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Vol. 2, Carnivora, Fissipidae. Glavnauka. Moscow. 775 pp. Ognev, S. I. (1935). The Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Vol. 3, Carnivora, Fissipidae, and Pinnipidae. Glavnauka. Moscow. 752 pp. Orni, Efraim and Elisha Efrat (1966). Geography of Israel. Second Revised Edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 363 pp. Palestine Wildlife Society (2016). Mammals: The Ratel, Honey Badger Mellivora capensis. ‫ اﻟﺮاﺗﻞ أو ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬. http://www.wildlife-pal.org/en/life/type/2 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (2000). Biodiversity in Palestinian territory. Ramallah, Palestine. Palestinian Institute for Arid Land and Environmental Studies (1996). A preliminary investigation of biodiversity in Palestine: Problems and prospects, West Bank, Palestine. Pocock, R. I. (1936). The Polecats of the Genus Putorius and Vormela in the British Museum. P. Z. S. London, 1936: 720. Pocock, R. I. (1941). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Vol. II. Taylor and Francis Pub. London. pps. 503. Pocock, R. I. (1946). External and Cranial Characters of some Rare Asiatic Mammals recently exhibited by the Society. P. Z. S. London. 1946: 115; 314. Prater, S. H. (1965). The Book of Indian Animals. 2nd ed. (rev), Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay. Prince, F. P. G. (2001). Research in zoological gardens. Lutra, 44 (2): 75-80. Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (1992). Review of “Mammals of Arabia” by D.L. Harrison and P.J. Bates. J. Mammal., 73: 228-229. Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (1996). Mammals of the Holy Land. Texas Tech University Press. pps. 389. Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (2017). Fauna of Wadi Al-Quff Protected Area: Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals. Jordan Journal of Natural History, 3, (2017), pp. 70-92. https://www.rscn.org.jo/fauna-wadi-al-quff-protected-area-amphibiansreptiles-and-mammals & http://www.rscn.org.jo/sites/default/files/basic_page_files/Article_5_0.pdf Qumsiyeh, Mazin B., Amr, Zuhair, S., Shafee, D. (1993). The status and conservation of carnivores in Jordan. Mammalia, 57 (1): 55-62. Rifai, L. B.; D. M. Al Shafee, W. N. Al Melhim, and Zuhair S. Amr (1999). Status of the Marbled Polecat, Vormela peregusna (Güldenstädt, 1770) in Jordan. Zoology Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

45 in the Middle East, 17: 5-8. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09397140.1999.10637764?journ alCode=tzme20 Roberts, Tom J. (1977). Mammals of Pakistan. Ernst Benn Ltd., London, 361 pp. Saleh, M. A. and M. Basuony (1998). A contribution to the mammalogy of the Sinai Peninsula. Mammalia 62: 557-575. Sanborn, C. C. (1940). Mammals from Iraq. Appendix F, pps. 156-162 in Field, H. The Anthropology of Iraq. Pt. I. No. 1. The Upper Euphrates. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Anthrop. Ser. 30. Sapozhenkov, Yu F., Gorelov, Yu K., Zhernovoi I. V. and Svyatoi, V. I. (1963). Distribution and Ecology of Mellivora capensis indica Kerr in Turkmenia. Zool. Zhur. 42 (6): 961. Schlawe, L. (1981). Material, Fundorte, Text- und Bildquellen als Grundlage für eine Artenliste zur Revision der Gattung Genetta G. Cuvier, 1816 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Viverridae). Zool. Abh. (Dres.), 37: 85-182. Serhal, A. (1985). Wild mammals of Lebanon. Rihani House Est, Beirut. Shortridge, G. C. (1934). The Mammals of South-West Africa. William Heinemann Pub. London. Volume I. pps. 437.

A taxidermied Persian Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis wilsoni) from Palestine at the Museum of Natural History in the German Colony in Al-Talbiya Suburb, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Palestine. Photo by Daoud Al-Hali. 09.07.2019. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=2279824478738941&set=a.384053654982709 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

46 Talhouk, Abdul Monim S.; Wilhelm Büttiker, John Gasperetti, Patricia R. Gasperetti & Dick Massey (1981). The Wildlife of Arabia. Stacey International, London, England. Temple, H.J., Cuttelod, A. (2008). The status and distribution of Mediterranean mammals. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), New York. The Father Schmitz Collection. https://smnh.tau.ac.il/en/the-father-schmitzcollection/ The Royal Jordanian Society for the Conservation of Nature (07.11.2016). Honey Badger. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/rscn.org/photos/a.487891855505/101577026468555 06/?type=3 Thesiger, Wilfred (1959). Arabian Sands. Longmans, London. pps. 330. Thomas, O. (1880-1923). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., London. Tristram, H. B. (1866). Report on the Mammals of Palestine. Proc. Zool. Soc. London.1866: 84-93. Tristram, H. B. (1867). The Natural History of the Bible. Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge Publ. London. 515 pp. Tristram, H. B. (1884). The Fauna and Flora of Palestine. The Survey of Western Palestine. Palestine Exploration Fund, London. 455 pp. UNEP (2003). Desk study on the environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya. Valtzer, Noa (20.01.2019). Honey Badger footprints in Israel. https://www.facebook.com/groups/IsraelWildMammals/permalink/20614665 03945374 Von Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel (1776). Viverra capensis Schreber, 1776. Die Säugethiere, pl. 125 (1777), text pp. 450, 588. Wikipedia. Robert Ernest Cheesman. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ernest_Cheesman Wikipedia. Europäischer Dachs. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ischer_Dachs Wikipedia. European Badger. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_badger Wikipedia. Ghurair Caucasi. ‫ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬.http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ_ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬ Wikipedia. Ghurair Europi. ‫ ﻏﺮﯾﺮ أوروﺑﻲ‬. https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3 %D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A Wikipedia. Haywanat Filastin. ‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ‬. by: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa. (In Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86% D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Wikipedia. Honey Badger. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_badger

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47 Wikipedia. Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber Wikipedia. ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬. https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7 %D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84 Wikipedia. Tigeriltis. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigeriltis Wikipedia. Transkaukasischer Dachs. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkaukasischer_Dachs Wozencraft, W.C. (1993). In Order Carnivora: Mammal Species of the World. In: A Taxonomic and Geographic References, Wilson, D.E. and D.M. Reeder (Eds.). 2nd Edn., Smith Institute, Washington, DC. Yassin, M. M., Abd Rabou, A. N., Al-Agha, M. R. (2006). Preliminary survey of terrestrial vertebrate fauna and people’s awareness towards wildlife in the Northern Governorate of the Gaza Strip. Al-Azhar Bull Sci: Zool. Bot. 17(1):17-41. Yom-Tov, Y. (1988). The zoogeography of the birds and mammals of Israel. In: Yom-Tov Y, Techernov E (eds.). The zoogeography of Israel: The distribution and abundance at a zoogeographical crossroad. ed., Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht. Yom-Tov, Y. (2003). Poaching of Israeli wildlife by guest workers. Biol Conserv, 110: 11-20. YouTube (05.02.2019). Honey Badger Rescues Her Baby from Leopard. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLG_Q8FJda0 Zoo Institutes. Persian Honey Badger Mellivora capensis wilsoni at zoos worldwide. https://zooinstitutes.com/animals/persian-honey-badger-3078/ . ‫ ﺤیﺎة ﻓﻠسطین اﻟبر�ﺔ‬: ‫ﻓیسبوك‬ https://www.facebook.com/PalestineWild/posts/600535690027808?stream_ref =10 . (‫ و�ﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻨبﺎء واﻟمﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻟﻔﻠسطینیﺔ )وﻓﺎ‬. ‫اﻟحیﺎة اﻟحیواﻨیﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین‬ http://www.wafainfo.ps/atemplate.aspx?id=2378 ‫ ﺘﻘر�ر‬.. "‫ ﻤواطن ﯿتمكن ﻤن ﻗتﻞ ﺤیوان ﻏر�ب اﻟشكﻞ دﻫسﺎً �مر�بتﻪ ﻓجر "اﻟجمﻌﺔ‬. ‫ﻤوﻗﻊ "اﻟحﻘیﻘﺔ اﻟدوﻟیﺔ" اﻷردﻨﻲ‬

. 01.07.2011 . ‫ ز�د اﻟمراﺸدة‬. ‫ُﻤصور‬ http://www.factjo.com/pages/fullnews.aspx?id=28422 . ‫ ﻓیسبوك‬. ‫ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﻌرﺴیﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻟبنﺎن‬ https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/posts/1756539501175495 . ‫ ﻓیسبوك‬. ‫اﻟحیﺎة اﻟبر�ﺔ اﻟﻌراﻗیﺔ‬ https://www.facebook.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D 8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9857867184256968 . ‫ ﻓیسبوك‬. ‫اﻟمر�ز اﻟﻌراﻗﻲ ﻟﻠحیﺎة اﻟبر�ﺔ‬ https://www.facebook.com/IraqiWildlifeCenter Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023

‫‪48‬‬ ‫ﻤحمد ﺤمدان ﺼیﺎد اﻷﻓﺎﻋﻲ )‪) . (24.04.2021‬اﻟﻐر�ر( اﻟحیوان اﻟذي �خشﺎﻩ اﻟجمیﻊ ﻤﻊ ﻤحمد ﺤمدان ‪ .‬ﯿوﺘیوب ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS1M6v2pr0Q‬‬ ‫ﻤحمد ﺤمدان ﺼیﺎد اﻷﻓﺎﻋﻲ )‪) . (25.04.2021‬إﺒن ﻋرس( �ﻌیش ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠسطین وﺘحدﯿداً ﻓﻲ اﻟمنﺎطق اﻟشرﻗیﺔ ﻟمدﯿنﺔ‬

‫ﻏزة ‪ .‬ﻓیسبوك‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1437082853321401&set=a.297519877277‬‬ ‫‪710‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬د‪ .‬ﻧﻮرﻣﺎن ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺎم ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﯿﺎﻓﺎوي )‪ 8‬ﻣﺎﯾﻮ ‪ .(2021‬ﻏﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي ‪ .‬وﯾﻜﯿﺒﯿﺪﯾﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/‬ﻏﺮﯾﺮ_ﻗﻮﻗﺎزي‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮﺑﺎن اﻟﻤﺮﻗﻂ )إﺑﻦ ﻋﺮس ﻣﻨﺘﻦ ﻣﺠﺰع أو ﺳﻤﻮر( ‪ .‬ﺳﻨﺪﯾﺎن ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪ 21 .‬ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ ‪. 2019‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=404437690158987&id=3‬‬ ‫‪59015694701187‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺰاﻟﺪﯾﻦ )‪ 9‬ﻣﺎﯾﻮ ‪ . (2021‬ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ أو رﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ﻓﻲ ﻟﯿﺒﯿﺎ ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/matose.libo/posts/1681075945434241‬‬ ‫وﺳﺎم ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﻌﯿﺜﻞ اﻟﺪرﯾﻌﻲ )‪ 31‬ﻣﺎﯾﻮ ‪ . (2021‬ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﻜﺮطﮫ أو اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮ )اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮه( ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫=‪https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1218028618637227&id‬‬ ‫‪100012903008038‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻌﺐ اﻟﺬوﯾﺦ )أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﺟﺲ( )‪ 8‬ﻣﺎرس ‪ . (2020‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر وﺗُﺴﻤﻰ "اﻟﻤﺴﺎره" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺒﺪوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/WildlifeofJordan/posts/2737392112976444‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮوﻋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺎم )‪ 9‬أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ . (2012‬ﺗم إﺻطﯾﺎد ﺣﯾوان اﻟﺿرﺑﺎن أو ﻧﺑﺎش اﻟﻘﺑور ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﻓﯾﻔﺎ )ﻓﯾﻔﺎء( ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ‪. 03.07.2012‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=206253146173141&set=a.111306619‬‬ ‫‪001128&type=3‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أودﯾﻞ أﺑﻮ ﯾﻘﻈﺎن )‪ . (14.10.2020‬ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺳﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ‪ .‬اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/LebaneseWildlife/posts/1756539501175495‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻷﻧﺒﺎء )‪ . (20.02.2014‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ ‪ ..‬ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺣﺶ "اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮ" ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/last/446836/20-02-2014‬‬‫أﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪﷲ )‪ 9‬ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ ‪ . (2021‬ﻓﻨﯿﺲ اﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ ل "اﻟﺮأي" ‪ :‬آﻟﻤﻨﻲ رؤﯾﺘﮫ ﻣﯿﺘﺎ ً ‪ ..‬ووددتُ ﻟﻮ رأﯾﺘﮫ ﺣﯿﺎ ً ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪھﻮس ‪ ..‬ﯾﺠﺪد طﻠﺒﺎت "اﻟﻤﻤﺮات اﻵﻣﻨﺔ" ‪ .‬اﻟﺮأي ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.alraimedia.com/article/1520903‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ )‪ 27‬ﻣﺎرس ‪ . (2020‬ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/751071328560257/photos/a.751381258529264/1113‬‬ ‫‪953548938698/?type=3‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ اﻟﺠﻮد )‪ 24‬ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ ‪ . (2019‬ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=355290528733143‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪام ﻗﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻔﺮطﻮﺳﻲ )‪ 2‬أﻏﺴﻄﺲ ‪ . (2015‬ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ أو اﻟﻜﺮطﮫ ‪ .‬اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺮﺿﺔ واﻟﻤﮭﺪدة ﺑﺎﻹﻧﻘﺮاض ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮاق ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=735490263243557‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻖ ﻧﯿﻮز )‪ 1‬ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ ‪ . (2013‬ﺣﯿﻮان "ﻣﺮﻋﺐ" ﯾﻘﺘﺤﻢ ﺣﯿﺎ ً ﺳﻜﻨﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻒ وﯾﮭﺎﺟﻢ اﻟﻤﺎرة واﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ﺗﻄﺎرده ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎر ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/Ta7shish8gb/photos‬ﺗﺤﺸﯿﺶ ‪ 8‬ﻛﯿﻜﺎ ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫إﯾﮭﺎب ﻋﯿﺪ )‪ 26‬ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮ ‪ . (2020‬ﻏﺮﯾﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻞ أو اﻟﺮﺗﻞ ‪ .‬اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/WildlifeofJordan/posts/2994828370566149‬‬ ‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬

‫‪49‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺪة اﻟﻘﺒﺲ )ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ‪ . (1976‬ﺻﯿﺪ ﺣﯿﻮان "اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮ" ﺣﯿﺎ ً ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺘﯿﺔ ﻗﺮب اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮن ﻟﻲ ﺑﻤﺒﺮﺗﻮن )‪ . (1974‬اﻟﻠﺒﻮﻧﺎت اﻵﺳﯿﻮﯾﺔ ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪ :‬أﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﮭﺎدي ‪ .‬ﻟﯿﺪﯾﺒّﺮد ﺑﻮك ﻟﯿﻤﺘﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻻﻓﺒﻮرو ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻓﺮج زﯾﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ )‪ . (1970‬أطﻠﺲ ﺛﺪﯾﯿﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ‪ .‬دار اﻟﺸﻌﺐ ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ ﯾﺤﻲ زﻛﺮﯾﺎ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻘﺰوﯾﻨﻲ ‪ .‬ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت وﻏﺮاﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدات ‪ .‬دار اﻵﻓﺎق اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺮوت‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪. 1978 ،‬‬ ‫أﺑﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﺑﺤﺮ اﻟﺠﺎﺣﻆ ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ‪ .‬ﺳﺒﻌﺔ أﺟﺰاء ‪ .‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﺤﻠﺒﻲ وأوﻻده ﺑﻤﺼﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﻋﻮام ‪. 1945-1938‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﯿﺴﻰ اﻟﺪﻣﯿﺮي ‪ .‬ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﺤﯿﻮان اﻟﻜﺒﺮى ‪ .‬ﺟﺰءان )‪ 1104‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ( ‪ .‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺑﯿﺮوت ‪ ،‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ‪ .‬اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪. 2007.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﯾﺪي )‪ 28‬ﻓﺒﺮاﯾﺮ ‪ . (2021‬ﺻﺪم اﻟﻀﺮﻧﺒﻮل )ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻮرة وﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ‪۱۹٥‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫=‪https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=3781687331879718&id‬‬ ‫‪100001154660473‬‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ﻧﯿﻮز )‪ 17‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ‪ . (2020‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻏﺮﯾﺮي ھﺎﺟﻤﺖ ﺳﻜﺎن ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎر ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/AnbarNews10/posts/2850930155175141‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ )‪ . (15.11.2020‬ﺷﺎھﺪ ‪ ..‬ﺣﯿﻮان "ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ" اﻟﻨﺎدر رﺻﺪه اﻟﺸﺎب "ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﮭﺪﯾﺮس" ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ "اﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ" ﺷﺮق ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺒﻮك ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/AlArabiya.Saudi/posts/2895433790740208‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮة )‪ . (11.09.2016‬ﻏﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ )اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺮﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻜﺮطﺔ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺼﺮة ‪ ،‬اﻟﻌﺮاق ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﺴﺒﻮك ‪.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/Basra2009/photos/a.124940597538296/1310450098‬‬ ‫‪987334/?type=3‬‬

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‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ �ِ رب‬

‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 217 – January 2023‬‬