Der Europäischer Seehund (Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) im Zoo Saarbrücken, Deutschland by Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

ISSN 0178-6288 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Norman_KhalafPrinz_Sakerfalke_Von_Jaffa/publications https://palestine.academia.edu/NormanKhalaf https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs

============================= ‫ النشرة الفلسطينية لعلم األحياء‬: ‫الغزال‬ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Gazelle : Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin

============================= Monthly Bulletin – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine

=============================

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

Der Europäischer Seehund (Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) im Zoo Saarbrücken, Stadt Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland The European Harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) in the Zoo Saarbrücken, City of Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany

‫الفقمة الشائعة (فقمة المرفأ) األوروبية في حديقة حيوانات‬ ‫ ألمانيا‬، ‫ سارالند‬، ‫ مدينة ساربريكن‬، ‫ساربريكن‬ ‫ نورمان (نعمان) علي بسام علي طاهر خلف اليافاوي العيزري‬.‫ د‬.‫ الشريف أ‬: ‫بقلم‬ Von: Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa

Der Europäischer Seehund (Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) im Zoo Saarbrücken, Stadt Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland. Foto von: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 31.08.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10154402927829831&set=pcb.10154402910559 831

Am 31. August 2016 besuchte ich den Zoo Saarbrücken, Stadt Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland. Im Seehundbecken sah ich der Europäischer Seehund (Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758). Im Oktober 2012 wurde das neue Seehundbecken eröffnet, das alte Seehundbecken beherbergt nach einem Umbau seit Anfang 2014 HumboldtPinguine (Spheniscus humboldti) (Wikipedia). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

Zoo Saarbrücken Der Saarbrücker Zoo ist mit über 200.000 Besuchern im Jahr der häufiger besuchte und mit über 1000 Tieren aus 160 Arten der artenreichere der beiden saarländischen Zoos in Saarbrücken und Neunkirchen (Wikipedia; Khalaf, May 2023).

Geschichte Auf dem Gelände existierte schon um 1870 ein Steinbruch, bis 1926 auch eine Seilbahn. Ursprünglich 1932 gegründet, wurde der Saarbrücker Zoo im Zweiten Weltkrieg vollständig zerstört. 1956 wurde er am Südhang des Saarbrücker Stadtteiles Eschberg auf einem 15 Hektar großen Gebiet neu erbaut. Errichtet wurde der Zoo an einer steilen Stelle des Eschberges (Wikipedia; Khalaf, May 2023). Ende 2005 wurde der langjährige Direktor Vaclav Ceska des Amtes enthoben. Der damit verbundene politische Streit blockierte über Jahre fast alle Investitionen, so dass der Saarbrücker Zoo damals den Anschluss an die Zoowelt Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

3 verloren hatte. Aufgrund sinkender Besucherzahlen wurde der Nordeingang geschlossen. Zwei Hektar des nördlichen Zoogeländes werden momentan zu einem Wohngebiet umgebaut (Wikipedia; Khalaf, May 2023). Seit 2008 wird jedoch wieder an der Umsetzung verschiedener Projekte gearbeitet. Der Zoo Saarbrücken hat für zukünftige Projekte im Rahmen dieses Investitionsprogramms 2014 einen Masterplan erarbeitet, womit er wieder aufgewertet und attraktiver gestaltet werden soll. Fertig geworden sind mittlerweile neue Anlagen für Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) und Geparde (Acinonyx jubatus) und für neue Tierarten wie Erdmännchen (Suricata suricatta), Helmkasuare (Casuarius casuarius) und Pinselohrschweine oder Flussschweine (Potamochoerus porcus). Das Afrikahaus wurde neu isoliert und ein Giraffenhügel sowie eine Hängebrücke (mit 42 Metern die längste Hängebrücke im Saarland) hinzugefügt. Im Oktober 2012 wurde das neue Seehundbecken eröffnet, das alte Seehundbecken beherbergt nach einem Umbau seit Anfang 2014 HumboldtPinguine (Spheniscus humboldti). Ebenfalls im Frühjahr 2014 wurde eine große Außenanlage für die Westliche Flachlandgorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) fertiggestellt (Wikipedia; Khalaf, May 2023).

Eingang vom Saarbrücker Zoo. Foto von Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 31.08.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10154402925409831&set=pcb.10154402910559 831 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

Tiere Der Saarbrücker Zoo beherbergt über 1.000 Tiere 160 verschiedener Arten. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf Tieren der afrikanischen Steppe (Giraffen Giraffa, Steppenzebras Equus quagga, Elenantilopen Taurotragus oryx, Erdmännchen Suricata suricatta, Geparde Acinonyx jubatus, Warzenschweine Phacochoerus africanus und Südafrika-Kronenkraniche Balearica regulorum), der afrikanischen Regenwälder (wie Westliche Flachlandgorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Gemeine Schimpansen Pan troglodytes, Mandrills Mandrillus sphinx, Drills Mandrillus leucophaeus und Servale Leptailurus serval) sowie des Amazonas-Regenwaldes (Jaguare Panthera onca, Pumas Puma concolor, Flachlandtapire Tapirus terrestris, Krallenäffchen Callitrichidae oder Callitrichinae, Piranhas Serrasalmidae, Gürteltiere Dasypoda und Anakondas Eunectes), der südamerikanischen Küste (Humboldtpinguine Spheniscus humboldti) und des patagonischen Raums (Guanakos Lama guanicoe und Nandus Rhea americana). Darüber hinaus beinhaltet der Zoo auch Tiere aus dem südostasiatisch-ozeanischen Raum, beispielsweise Gibbons Hylobatidae, Javaneraffen Macaca fascicularis, Keas Nestor notabilis, Kängurus Macropodidae, Emus Dromaius und den Malaien-Hornvogel Anthracoceros malayanus (Wikipedia; Khalaf, May 2023 ).

Der Europäischer Seehund (Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) im Zoo Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland. Foto von: Prof. Dr. Norman Khalaf-von Jaffa. 31.08.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10154402927444831&set=pcb.10154402910559831 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

5 Raritäten des Zoos sind Erdferkel Orycteropus afer, China-Alligator Alligator sinensis, Skorpion-Krustenechse Heloderma horridum, Malaien-Hornvogel Anthracoceros malayanus und selten gehaltene Primaten wie Nachtaffen Aotidae, Lemuren Lemuriformes, die in mehreren Arten und Unterarten vertreten sind, oder Drills Mandrillus leucophaeus (Wikipedia; Khalaf, May 2023). Der Saarbrücker Zoo nimmt wie alle wissenschaftlichen Zoos am Europäischen Erhaltungszuchtprogramm (EEP) teil, das europaweit Zuchtprogramme koordiniert. Als besondere Zuchterfolge können das Weißkopf-Büscheläffchen (Callithrix geoffroyi), die europäische Erstzucht des australischen Schnabeligels oder Ameisenigel (Tachyglossidae) im Jahre 1995, aber auch die Poitou-Esel (Equus asinus) gelten, eine seltene Haustierrasse. Seit 2009 kamen im Zoo vier Jaguare (Panthera onca) zur Welt (Wikipedia; Khalaf, May 2023).

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

Der Seehund (Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) Der Seehund (Phoca vitulina) ist eine in allen nördlich-gemäßigten Meeren verbreitete Robbe aus der Familie der Hundsrobben (Phocidae Gray, 1821) (Wikipedia).

Aussehen Seehunde sind im Vergleich zu der anderen an deutschen Küsten verbreiteten Robbe, der Kegelrobbe (Halichoerus grypus), kleine und schlanke Robben (Männchen etwa 170 cm, Weibchen 140 cm, Gewicht 150 beziehungsweise 100 kg). Von der Kegelrobbe unterscheiden sie sich auch durch ihren rundlichen Kopf. Die Färbung ist regional sehr variabel; in deutschen Küstengewässern sind Seehunde dunkelgrau gefärbt und haben unregelmäßig über den Körper verteilte schwarze Flecken (Wikipedia).

Verbreitung und Lebensraum Der Seehund kommt auf der Nordhalbkugel im Atlantik und Pazifik vor. Er bevorzugt Küsten mit trockenfallenden Sandbänken. Man findet ihn aber auch an geschützten Felsküsten (Wikipedia). Die weltweite Gesamtpopulation der Seehunde wird auf 500.000 Individuen geschätzt. Von diesen leben 90.000 an europäischen Küsten (Wikipedia). Während der Seehund an der gesamten Nordseeküste verbreitet ist, ist er in der Ostsee eine extreme Seltenheit; der Bestand in diesem Binnenmeer wird auf 250 Tiere geschätzt, womit Seehunde in der Ostsee noch seltener als Kegelrobben (Halichoerus grypus) und Ringelrobben (Pusa hispida) sind. Die Ostsee-Seehunde leben an den Küsten dänischer Inseln und des südlichen Schwedens. Umherwandernde junge Seehunde kommen manchmal auch an deutsche Ostseeküsten (Wikipedia).

Lebensweise Seehunde sind sehr gute Schwimmer, die bis zu 200 m tief und 30 Minuten lang tauchen können. Für gewöhnlich dauert ein Tauchgang aber nur drei Minuten. Ausgewachsene Seehunde fressen ausschließlich Fische, und zwar Heringe (Clupea), Sardinen (Sardina pilchardus), Dorsche (Gadidae), Lachse (Salmoninae), Stinte (Osmerus eperlanus) und Plattfische (Pleuronectoideo). Jüngere Seehunde ernähren sich zu einem Großteil von anderen Meerestieren wie Krebs- und Weichtieren. Im Wasser sind Seehunde einzelgängerisch, auf Sandbänken kommen sie oft zu kleinen Gruppen zusammen. Sie sind jedoch keine sozialen Tiere und reagieren aggressiv auf Berührung durch Artgenossen; vor allem Männchen fügen sich gelegentlich gegenseitig blutige Wunden zu. Auf den Sandbänken findet man sie daher meistens gleichmäßig verteilt, mit eineinhalb Metern Mindestabstand zwischen zwei Tieren (Wikipedia). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

7 Von Juli bis Anfang September findet die Begattung im Wasser statt. Mehrere Männchen sammeln sich dabei um ein Weibchen und versuchen, auf ihren Rücken zu gelangen. Das Weibchen wehrt sich zunächst mit Bissen und Fluchtversuchen gegen die Paarung. Letztlich siegt eines der Männchen, indem es das Weibchen mit einem Biss in den Nacken ruhigstellt. Nach etwa drei Minuten ist der Paarungsakt beendet und beide Partner schwimmen ihrer Wege. Seehundmännchen sind weder monogam noch bewachen sie nach Art mancher anderer Robben einen Harem (Wikipedia).

Die Tragzeit beträgt anschließend 11 Monate, wobei das embryonale Wachstum über die ersten zwei bis zweieinhalb Monate ausgesetzt wird. Die Wurfzeit liegt dadurch im folgenden Jahr erneut in den Monaten Juni und Juli. Es wird in der Regel nur ein Jungtier geboren, das bei der Geburt rund 10 kg schwer, 85 cm lang und voll schwimmfähig ist. Es wird ungefähr fünf Wochen gesäugt und dann allein gelassen (Wikipedia). Freilebende Seehunde werden ca. 20 bis 35 Jahre alt, dabei haben Weibchen in der Regel eine höhere Lebenserwartung als Männchen, die sich bei Kämpfen mit Geschlechtsgenossen verausgaben und selten ein höheres Alter als 25 Jahre Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

8 erreichen. Der älteste in einem Zoo gehaltene Seehund starb im Alter von 53 Jahren (Wikipedia). Nicht jeder Seehund am Strand ist ein „Heuler“. Einzelne Robben liegen immer wieder an den Stränden und ruhen. Typisches Anzeichen von Entspannung ist die „Bananenstellung“. Der Kopf und das Hinterteil befinden sich dann in der Luft und die markante Bananenkurve ist zu erkennen (Wikipedia).

Unterarten Es werden geografisch fünf Unterarten unterschieden: • • • •

Europäischer Seehund (Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758), europäische Küsten inkl. Island. Westatlantischer Seehund (Phoca vitulina concolor De Ray, 1842), Ostküste Nordamerikas vom Arktischen Ozean bis Maine. Pazifischer Seehund (Phoca vitulina richardsi (richardii) Gray, 1864), Westküste Nordamerikas von Alaska bis Baja California. Kurilenseehund (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri J. A. Allen, 1902), Küsten Hokkaidōs, der Kurilen und Kamtschatkas.

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9 •

Ungava-Seehund (Phoca vitulina mellonae Doutt 1942), Seen im nördlichen Québec, Kanada (einziger im Süßwasser lebender Seehund).

Die Largha-Robbe (Phoca largha Pallas, 1811) wurde früher als Unterart des Seehundes, heute aber als selbständige Art eingestuft (Wikipedia).

Etymologie Die Bezeichnung „Seehund“ hat ursprünglich weder etwas mit der See noch mit Hunden zu tun, sondern ist eine volksetymologische Umdeutung eines germanischen Wortes (gemeingermanisch *selha, ahd. sēlah(o), mhd. seleh, sel) das schlicht „Robbe“ bedeutet und sich im englischen seal und dem schwedischen säl erhalten hat. Noch im Frühneuhochdeutschen finden sich gelegentlich Formen mit l wie Seel und Seelhund. Die weitere Herleitung ist ungewiss, wahrscheinlich geht das Wort auf die indogermanische Wurzel *selk- „ziehen, schleppen“ zurück; möglicherweise handelt es sich aber auch um eine Entlehnung aus einer ostseefinnischen Sprache (vgl. finnisch hylje) (Wikipedia).

So schläft ein Seehund! . Zoo Saarbrücken, Stadt Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland. Foto von: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 31.08.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10154402928164831&set=pcb.10154402910559 831

Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

Der feine Unterschied: die Ohren! . Zoo Saarbrücken, Stadt Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland. Foto von: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 31.08.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10154402928419831&set=pcb.10154402910559 831

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Alles Robben oder was? . Zoo Saarbrücken, Stadt Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland. Foto von: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 31.08.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10154402928689831&set=pcb.10154402910559 831

Grzimek, Bernhard (Editor) (1972). Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. Mammals 3. Volume 12. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, USA. Güçlüsoy, Harun and Yalçın Savaş (2003). Status of the Mediterranean Monk Seal, Monachus monachus, in the Foça Pilot Monk Seal Conservation Area, Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East 28, 2003: 5-16. http://www.kasparekverlag.de/ZME-Abstracts28.htm Harrison, David L. (1964). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 1. Introduction, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Primates. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xx + 192 pp. Harrison, David L. (1968). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 2. Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Hyracoidea. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xiv + 193-381 pp. Harrison, David L. (1972). The Mammals of Arabia. Volume 3. Lagomorpha and Rodentia. Ernest Benn Ltd., London. xvii + 384-670. Harrison, David L. (1981). Mammals of the Arabian Gulf. George Allen & Unwin, London, pps. 92. Harrison, David L. and Bates, P. J. (1991). The Mammals of Arabia. second edition. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, Kent. xvi+ 354. Heptner, V.G. and N.R. Naumov, (1974). Die Säugetiere der Sowjetunion. VEB Verlag, Berlin. Hoath, R. (2003). A field guide to the mammals of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Egypt. Howells, Victor A. (1956). Naturalist in Palestine. Andrew Melrose Pub. London. pps. 180. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

14 Ilani, G. (1977). Zoogeographical and ecological survey of carnivores: Mammalian carnivora in Israel and the administered areas. Israel Journal of Zoology, 26(3/4):25. Ilani, G. (1979). Zoogeographical and ecological survey of carnivores in Israel and administered areas. Israel Nature Reserves Authority, Tel Aviv, Israel. Israëls, L.D.E. (1992). Thirty years of Mediterranean monk seal protection – a review. Mededelingen 28: 1-65. Johnson, William M. (1988). The Monk Seal Conspiracy. 3. Oracle of a Dying Sea. http://www.iridescent-publishing.com/msc/msc03.htm Johnson, William M. (Ed.) (1998-2006). The Monachus Guardian. Current and back issues of the Internal journal dedicated to monk seals and their threatened habitats. http://www.monachus-guardian.org/ Johnson, W.M. (2004). Monk seals in post-classical history. The role of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in European history and culture, from the fall of Rome to the 20th century. Mededelingen 39. Netherlands Commission for International Nature Protection, Leiden: 1-91, 31 figs. Johnson, William M. (2005). In echoes of the past, the sound of the present. The Monachus Guardian 8(1): May 2005. http://www.iridescentpublishing.com/ms_ant/ms_ant_auth.htm Johnson, William M.; Alexandros A. Karamanlidis, Panagiotis Dendrinos, Pablo Fernández de Larrinoa, Manel Gazo, Luis Mariano González, Harun Güçlüsoy, Rosa Pires, Matthias Schnellmann. Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus). http://www.monachus-guardian.org/factfiles/medit01.htm Johnson, William M.; Alexandros A. Karamanlidis, Panagiotis Dendrinos, Pablo Fernández de Larrinoa, Manel Gazo, Luis Mariano González, Harun Güçlüsoy, Rosa Pires, Matthias Schnellmann. Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus). Israel Marine Mammal Research & Assistance Center. http://immrac.haifa.ac.il/english/introduction.html Johnson, W.M. and D.M. Lavigne (1998). The Mediterranean Monk Seal. Conservation Guidelines. Multilingual Edition. International Marine Mammal Association Inc., Guelph, Ontario, Canada: 1-152. Johnson, W.M. and D.M. Lavigne (1999). Monk seals in antiquity. The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in ancient history and literature. Mededelingen 35: 1-101. The Netherlands Commission for International Nature Protection, Leiden: 1- 101, 17 figs. Johnson, William M. and David M. Lavigne (1999). Mass tourism and the Mediterranean monk seal. The role of mass tourism in the decline and possible future extinction of Europe's most endangered marine mammal, Monachus monachus. The Monachus Guardian 2 (2): 1999. http://www.monachusguardian.org/mguard04/04scien11.htm Kappeler, Markus (1986). Mittelmeer-Mönchsrobbe Monachus monachus. Groth AG (erschienen in der WWF Conservation Stamp Collection, Groth AG, Unterägeri). http://www.markuskappeler.ch/tex/texs/moenchsrobbe2.html Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

15 Kenyon, K. W. (1981). Monk seals - Monachus. In: S.H. Ridgway & R. Harrison: Handbook of marine mammals. Vol. 2: Seals Academic Press London 1981.

Am Zoo Saarbrücken, Stadt Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland. Selfie-Foto von: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 31.08.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10154402910344831&set=pcb.1015440291055 9831

Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1980). Tabie’t Al-Talawon fi Al-Haywanat (The Colouration of Animals). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 1. January 1980, Safar 1401. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 4-5. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman (1982). A’maar Al-Haywanat (Animal Ages). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 18, Third Year, First Semester, Saturday 6.11.1982. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 7. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1987). Blue Whales (Balaenoptera musculus) from the State of Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 14, Fifth Year, Shawal 1407 AH, June 1987 AD. pp. 1-14. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). The Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 26, Tenth Year, January 1992. pp. 1-3. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Gazelle. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 30, Tenth Year, October 1992. pp. 1-7. In: Fauna Palaestina (Part 1) Book: pp. 342-336. In: Fauna Palaestina (Part 2): pp. 11-22. (In Arabic). Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

16 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae'q Al-Nouma'n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan (June) 1994. pp. 16-21. In: Fauna Palaestina (Part 1) Book: pp. 331-326. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Extinct and Endangered Animals in Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). Threatened Mammals. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (Gründer) (seit Juni 2001). Wale und Delphine Club Yahoo Group. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Waleunddelphine/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004 / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-0141219. Erste Auflage, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten. Zweite erweiterte Auflage, August 2004: 460 Seiten. Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/ & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59405994/book-gazelle-thepalestinian-biological-bulletin-a-scientific-journey-in-palestine-arabia-andeurope-between-1983-2004-by-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2004 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Die Wal Sonderausstellung "Delphinidae Delphionidae" und "Kleinwale in Nord- und Ostsee" im Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 35, Twenty-second Year, September 2004. pp. 1. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Der Schweinswal (Phocoena phocoena) in der Nord- und Ostsee ...The Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 36, Twentysecond Year, October 2004. pp. 1-7. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Thema des Tages (5. Januar 2005): In See gespülter Indopazifischer Buckeldelfin (Sousa chinensis) in Thailand nach Tagen gerettet. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 37, Twenty-third Year, January 2005. pp. 1-3. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Story of Prophet Yunus (Jonah) and the Whale. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 38, Twenty-third Year, February 2005. pp. 9-13. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Jaffa (Yaffa): The History of an Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

17 Old Palestinian Arab City on the Mediterranean Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 39, Twenty-third Year, March 2005. pp. 7-8. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). The Andromeda Sea Monster of Jaffa. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Number 39, Twenty-third Year, March 2005. pp. 8. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005. / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palaestina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. ISBN 3-00-014835-3. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/aquaticaarabica.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59407769/book-aquaticaarabica-an-aquatic-scientific-journey-in-palestine-arabia-and-europe-between1980-2005-by-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2005 & eBook: https://joom.ag/nN6L Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (Member of PALESTA) (2005). Palestinian Scientists and Technologists Abroad (PALESTA). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 47, Twenty-third Year, November 2005, Shawal 1426. pp. 11-12. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali (2005, 2006, 2007). Chapter 3: Geography, Flora and Fauna. Pages 32-39.in: Palestine: A Guide. By Mariam Shahin, Photography by George Azar. Co-Author: Norman Ali Khalaf. Northampton, Massachusetts: Interlink Publishing Group, 2005, 2006, 2007. xi + 471 pages. Appendices to page 500. http://ipsnewsite.mysite4now.com/journals.aspx?id=7323&jid=1&href=fulltext Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). A Bryde’s Whale (Balaenoptera edeni) Stranding on Al Mamzar Beach, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Number 50. February 2006. pp. 1-5. https://de.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Quastenflosser/conversations/mes sages/22 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine / Die Säugetiere Palästinas. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 55, Twenty-fourth Year, July 2006, Jumada AlThania 1427. pp. 1-46. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. In: Mammalia Arabica Book: pp. 240-285. In Fauna Palaestina (Part 1) Book: pp. 125-170. In Fauna Palaestina (Part 3) Book: pp. 11-80. http://archive.is/xmclD & http://web.archive.org/web/20080315233525/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Mammalia_Palaestina1.html (Part 1) & http://web.archive.org/web/20090403201333/http://www.geocities.com/jaffa city/Mammalia_Palaestina2.html (Part 2). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2006). Mammalia Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980-2006 / Mammalia Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

18 Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 19802006. ISBN 3-00-017294-7. Erste Auflage, Juli 2006, 484 pp. Self-Publisher: Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/mammaliaarabica.htm & eBook (Google Drive): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mjzf_I_b8wTX_BHd1RsuU4ykhJlIKW2/view?usp=sharing Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Haywanat Filistin (The Animals of Palestine). Wikipedia, Al-Mawsu'a Al-Hurra (The Free Encyclopedia). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178-6288. Number 69, 25th Year, September 2007 CE, Sha’ban 1428 AH, pp. 1-4. In: Felidae Arabica Book: pp. 235-232. In: Carnivora Arabica Book: pp. 327-324. (In Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86% D8%A7%D8% AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). Carnivora Arabica. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 2005-2008. / Carnivora Arabica. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 2005-2008. First Edition, September 2008, Ramadan 1429 AH. 396 pps. Self-Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. ISBN 978-9948-03-459-9. (In Arabic, English and German). http://dr-normanali-khalaf-books.webs.com/carnivoraarabica.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59551346/book-carnivoraarabica-by-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-2008 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). Cetacea Palaestina: The Whales and Dolphins in Palestinian Waters. Cetacean Species Guide for Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Number 83, November 2008, Thu Al-Qi’ada 1429 AH. pp. 1-14. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/thewonderfulworldofdolphins/conve rsations/messages/749 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2008). Amphibia Palaestina: The Amphibians of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Number 84, December 2008, Thu Al-Hijja 1429 AH. pp. 1-18. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. https://de.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Amphibien_Amphibia/conversatio ns/topics/27 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher. Zoologist, Ecologist and Geologist: The Scientific References (1980-2008). http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-references.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). The Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus, Hermann 1779) in Palestinian, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

19 Mediterranean and Atlantic Waters. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Number 85, January 2009, Muharram 1430 AH. pp. 1-20. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://issuu.com/drnormanalibassamkhalaf/docs/mediterranean_monk_seal_monachus_mo & http://www.joomag.com/magazine/gazelle-the-palestinian-biologicalbulletin-issn-0178-ndash-6288-number-85-january-2009-pp-120/0319544001412322908?preview Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. In: Fauna Palaestina (Part 2): pp. 17-53. http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & RilchingenHanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/59498633/fauna-palaestina-1book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-2009 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2010). Fauna Emiratus Part One. Zoological Studies in the United Arab Emirates between 2004 - 2009. / Fauna Emiratus – Teil Eins. Zoologische Studien in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zwischen 2004 - 2009. ISBN 978-9948-15-462-4. Erste Auflage/First Edition, November 2010: 350 Seiten / Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunaemiratuspart1.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/59546804/faunaemiratus-part-1-zoological-studies-in-the-united-arab-emirates-between-20042009-by-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-2010 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2012). Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus Lilljeborg, 1861) sighted off the Mediterranean Coast of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 100, January 2012. pp. 1-6. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Palaestina/message/90 & http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Wale_und_Delphine/message/344 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012). Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition: July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. 208 Seiten / Pages (Arabic Part 120 Pages and the English Part 88 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

20 Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59602956/fauna-palaestinapart-2-book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2012 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-38335-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. 364 pages (English Part 350 Pages and the Arabic Part 14 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart3.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/62740914/fauna-palaestinapart-3-year-2013-by-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-isbn-978-9950-38335-7 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2013). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine. Die Säugetiere Palästinas. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 9789950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2013. pp. 11-80. Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2013). The Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus, Hermann 1779) in Palestinian, Mediterranean and Atlantic Waters. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-38335-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. Page 94-120. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014). Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014 / Fauna Palaestina Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN 978-9950383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 456 (English part 378 pages and Arabic part 78 pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-part-1.webs.com/faunapalaestina4.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/fr/document/view/62741122/book-faunapalaestina-4-year-2014-by-prof-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-isbn-9789950-383-77-7 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2014). A Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) Stranding on Failaka Island, State of Kuwait. Gazelle - The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178-6288). Number 119. November 2014. pp. 1-13. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://animals-of-kuwait.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015). Plants and Animals unique to Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

21 Bulletin (ISSN 0178-6288). Number 125. May 2015. pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. In: Fauna Palaestina (Part 5) Book: pp. 16-37. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2015). Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016 / Fauna Palaestina Teil Fünf. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2016. ISBN 9789950-383-92-0. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. 448 pp. (English Part 304 Pages and the Arabic Part 144 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-books.webs.com/ & eBook (Google Drive): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C9Vo6oBn4AAYB7XnpeIGgEXgOBZFzar6/ view?usp=sharing Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2015). Haywanat Filastin (Fauna of Palestine). In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983–2016/Fauna Palaestina - Teil Fünf. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983–2016. ISBN 978-9950-383-92-0. Erste Auflage/First Edition: July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. pp. 16-39. (In Arabic). Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015). A taxidermied Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus Hermann, 1779) in the Ernst Schmitz Collection at the Paulus-Haus Museum – Deutscher Verein vom Heiligen Lande in Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Occupied Palestine. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Fünf. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2016. ISBN 978-9950-383-92-0. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. pp. 270-304. Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015). The 24-meters Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Skeleton at the Educational Science Museum in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 - 6288. Number 128, August 2015, pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://animals-of-kuwait.webs.com/bluewhale-skeleton Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015). The Umm Al-Maradem Island Whale Skeleton at the Educational Science Museum in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 - 6288. Number 130, October 2015, pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://animals-of-kuwait.webs.com/umm-almaradem-whale Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2016). A taxidermied Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus Hermann, 1779) in the Ernst Schmitz Collection at the Paulus-Haus Museum – Deutscher Verein vom Heiligen Lande in Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Occupied Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Number 133, January 2016, pp. 1-29. Sharjah and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. http://marine-lifepalestine.webs.com/mediterranean-monk-seal Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

22 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2016). A Scientific Visit to Wadi El-Hitan (Whales Valley), Al-Fayyum, Al-Sahraa AlGharbiah (Western Desert), Egypt. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Number 134, February 2016, pp. 1-44. Sharjah and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. http://cetacea.webs.com/wadi-el-hitan Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali (31.08.2016). Visiting the Zoo Saarbrücken, Germany. 31.08.2016. Facebook: Norman Ali Khalaf. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10154402910559831 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2016). Whale Bone Remains at the Diving Village, Heritage Village, Dubai, United Arab Emirates and a Note on the Whales and Dolphins in the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288). Number 141, September 2016, pp. 1-19. Sharjah and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. http://cetacea.webs.com/whale-bones-dubai Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2016). Haywanat Falastin (Fauna of Palestine) ‫ حيوانات فلسطين‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 144, December 2016, pp. 1-18. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (In Arabic). http://animals-ofpalestine-2.webs.com/fauna-of-palestine-arabic Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (2017). Whale vertebra from a stranded Whale in 1965 on the beach of Qidfa Village, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 153, September 2017, pp. 1-6. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://cetacea.webs.com/whale-vertebrae-qidfa-uae Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam (September 2017). YouTube: Whale Skeletons at Muscat Natural History Museum, Oman. https://youtu.be/O_fSJdG0dfc Khalaf, Norman Ali (17.10.2017). First record of a mother Arabian Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae indica) with juvenile in the Sea of Dubai-Jumeirah. Photos taken from a video published by UAE Dolphin Project. Facebook. https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10155685010874831&id=5605198 30&hc_location=ufi Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (November 2017). First Sighting Record of the Arabian Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae indica Gervais, 1883) in the Sea of Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Arabian Gulf. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 155, November 2017, pp. 16-50. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. http://marine-life-uae-2.webs.com/arabian-humpbackwhale Khalaf, Norman Ali (22.11.2017). Whale Vertebra at Fujairah Museum. Facebook. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

23 https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/media_set?set=a.10155793851 074831.1073742049.560519830&type=3&pnref=story Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (2018). Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758) Skeleton at the Natural History Museum in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 165, September 2018, pp. 1-31. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. http://cetacea.webs.com/ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (2018). A Whale Vertebra at Fujairah Museum, Fujairah City, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 166, October 2018, pp. 1-11. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. http://cetacea-2.webs.com/whale-vertebra-fujairah Khalaf, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (Abu Nora) (2018). The Family of Sharif Hajji Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Khalaf (Abu Othman). A Pictorial History Book of a Palestinian Family from Jaffa in the Twentieth Century. ISBN 978-9950-974-40-1. First Edition, October 2018, Safar 1440 Hijri. 120 pp. In Arabic. Publisher: Prof. Dr. Norman Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://family-taher-khalaf.webs.com/ & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/62242473/bookfamily-taher-khalaf-2018 Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (2018). A 27-meters dead Great Indian Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus indica Blyth, 1859) washes ashore at Khorfakkan Port, Khorfakkan, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 167, November 2018, pp. 1-21. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. http://cetacea-2.webs.com/ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (December 2018). Cetacean Skeletons at the Whale Hall in the Natural History Museum in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 168, December 2018, pp. 1-29. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. http://cetacea-2.webs.com/cetaceanskeletons-muscat Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

24 Mohammad Ahmad Mostafa (July 2019). Cetacean Skeletons at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) in Paris, France. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 37, Number 175, July 2019, pp. 1-31. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://cetacea2.webs.com/cetacean-skeletons-paris Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (December 2019). Whales from the Gaza Strip, Sea of Gaza, State of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 37, Number 180, December 2019, pp. 1-17. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://cetacea-3.webs.com/ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (May 2020). The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020): A New Subspecies from Chile. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 38, Number 185, 01 May 2020, pp. 40-63. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstracts). https://cetacea-4.webs.com/chilean-blue-whale & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs/chilean_blue_whale & https://www.academia.edu/42986554/The_Chilean_Blue_Whale_Balaenoptera _musculus_chilensis_Khalaf_2020_A_New_Subspecies_from_Chile & https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/63406691/the-chilean-bluewhale-balaenoptera-musculus-chilensis-khalaf-2020-a-new-subspecies-from-chile & https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341709921_The_Chilean_Blue_Whal e_Balaenoptera_musculus_chilensis_Khalaf_2020_A_New_Subspecies_from_Chi le Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (May 2020). Taxon Profile: Subspecies Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020. BioLib. https://www.biolib.cz/en/adtaxon/id457998/ Khalaf, Norman A. B. (May 2020). The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020): A New Subspecies from Chile. References. ZooBank. http://zoobank.org/References/a0d7141d-40fa-42c3-8af9-dac1b7b10d80 Khalaf, Norman Ali (18.05.2020). Grey Whale splashing out of water at Dubai Mall fountain !!!. Whale in Dubai Mall Fountain. UAE News. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/103730864653539/videos/1166242913730970/Uzpf STU2MDUxOTgzMDoxMDE1ODIyNDA0MTIzNDgzMQ/ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (January 2021). The Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

25 Arabian Sea Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus arabica Khalaf, 2021): A New Subspecies from the Arabian Sea and Western Indian Ocean. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 193, 01 January 2021, pp. 17-46. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://cetacea-5.webs.com/arabian-sea-bluewhale & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/arabian_sea_blue_whale Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (August 2021). First Record of the Killer Whale (Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758) off the Coasts of Akka (Acre) and Nahariya, Northern Occupied Palestine, and Beirut, Lebanon. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 200, August 2021, pp. 1-17. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstract). https://cetacea-3.webs.com/killer-whale-palestine Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (Reviewer), Dr. Ahmed Hilles (Supervisor), Dr. Wesam Al-Madhoun (Team Leader) (August 2021). Environmental Impact Assessment of 2021 War on the Gaza Strip – “Baseline Study”. National Institute for Environment and Development (NIED), Omar AlMukhtar Street, Al Samer Area, Gaza City, Palestine. In Cooperation with Gaza University & Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). pps. 52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354619177_Environmental_Impact_ Assessment_of_2021_War_on_the_Gaza_Strip_-_Baseline_Study & https://www.academia.edu/52504311/Environmental_Impact_Assessment_of_ 2021_War_on_the_Gaza_Strip_Baseline_Study_ Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali (15.09.2021). Warte auf meinen nächsten Artikel über den Seehund im Zoo Saarbrücken. Facebook: Norman Ali Khalaf. 15.09.2021. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159379024834831 Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (September 2021). A Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821) stranding on Khan Yunis Shore, Southern Gaza Strip, State of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 201, September 2021, pp. 1-21. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstract). https://cetacea-3.webs.com/dolphin-khan-yunis & https://issuu.com/drnorman-ali-khalaf/docs/dolphin_khan_yunis_gaza Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (October Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

26 2021). First Record of the Northern Indian Ocean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus indica Blyth, 1859) in Palestinian Waters, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 202, October 2021, pp. 1-27. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstract). https://cetacea-3.webs.com/blue-whale-palestine & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs/blue_whale_palestine Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (November 2021). The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 203, November 2021, pp. 1-45. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (With English and Arabic Abstracts). https://cetacea-4.webs.com/blue-whale-chilensis & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/chilean_blue_whale_b_m_chilensis & https://www.academia.edu/43103126/The_Chilean_Blue_Whale_Balaenoptera _musculus_chilensis_Khalaf_2020_ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (December 2021). The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) from Chile and the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. ‫ال ُحوت األزرق التشيلي (بالينوبترا ُموسكيولوس‬ ‫) من تشيلي و ُجنوب شرق ال ُمحيط الهادي‬2020 ، ‫ تشيلنسيس خلف‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 39, Number 204, December 2021, pp. 1-32. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (In Arabic and English, with Arabic and English Abstracts). https://cetacea-4.webs.com/blue-whale-chile & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/chilean_blue_whale_from_chile_arabic & https://www.academia.edu/43212896/The_Chilean_Blue_Whale_Balaenoptera _musculus_chilensis_Khalaf_2020_from_Chile_and_the_Southeastern_Pacific_O cean Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (Dezember 2021). Der Chilenischer Blauwal (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) / The Chilean Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus chilensis Khalaf, 2020) / ‫ال ُحوت األزرق‬ )2020 ، ‫ التشيلي (بالينوبترا ُموسكيولوس تشيلنسيس خلف‬. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume (Band) 39, Nummer 204, Dezember 2021, Seiten(S) pp. 34-70. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

27 Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (In German, English and Arabic and with German, English and Arabic Abstracts). https://cetacea-4.webs.com/ & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs/chilenischer_blauwal

Warte auf meinen nächsten Artikel über den Seehund im Zoo Saarbrücken. Facebook: Norman Ali Khalaf. 15.09.2021. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10159379024834831

Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (January 2022). “Greta”, the Whale Skeleton from the National Museum of Natural History in Santiago de Chile, Chile. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume (Band) 40, Number 205, January 2022, Seiten(S) pp. 134. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

28 State of Palestine. https://cetacea-5.webs.com/greta-whale-skeleton & https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/greta_whale_skeleton_from_chile Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (May 2023). Der Jaguar (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758) und der Puma (Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771) im Zoo Saarbrücken, Stadt Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland / The Jaguar (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758) and the Puma (Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771) in the Zoo Saarbrücken, City of Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 41, Number 221, May 2023. pp. 1-37. Publisher: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (In German). https://arabian-carnivores.webs.com/apps/blog/ Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (June 2023). Der Europäischer Seehund (Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) im Zoo Saarbrücken, Stadt Saarbrücken, Saarland, Deutschland/The European Harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) in the Zoo Saarbrücken, City of Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 41, Number 222, June 2023. pp. 1-33. Publisher: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and media, Palestine National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. (In German). https://cetacea-5.webs.com/seehund-in-zoo-saarbr-cken King, J.E. (1956). The Monk Seals (Genus Monachus). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, London Vol. 3: 201-256, 8 pls. King, J.E. (1983). Seals of the World. British Museum (Natural History) and Oxford University Press, London, Oxford: 1-240. Kingdon, J. (1990). Arabian mammals: a natural history. Academic Press, London. Kinver, Mark (30 June 2010). Harbour Seals ‘pupping earlier’. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/10446880 Lavigne D.M. and W.M. Johnson (2001). Hanging by a thread. The Monachus Guardian 4 (2): November 2001. Lehmann, E. (1966). Taxonomische Bemerkungen zur säugerausbeute der kumerloeveschen Orient-reisen. Zoologische Beiträge, 12: 251-317, Berlin. Lewis, R. E.; Lewis, J. H.; and Dr. Sana Issa Atallah (1968). A review of Lebanese mammals. Carnivora, Pinnipedia, Hyracoidea and Artiodactyla. J. of Zool. (London) 154: 517-531. List of mammals of the State of Palestine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_the_State_of_Palestine Macdonald, D. 2001. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Barnes & Noble Andromeda Oxford Ltd., Abingdon, UK. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

29 Mammal Society. Species Harbour Seal. Harbour Seal (Common Seal) Phoca vitulina. https://www.mammal.org.uk/species-hub/full-species-hub/discovermammals/species-harbour-seal/ Matzke, Tjorven (2010). Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung des Gebisses beim Ostatlantischen Seehund (Phoca vitulina vitulina L.). Thesis. Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover. https://elib.tihohannover.de/receive/etd_mods_00003006 Mohr, Erna. Der Seehund: Phoca vitulina L. Neue-Brehm Bücherei. Band 145. https://media-natur.com/Mohr-Der-Seehund-Phoca-vitulina-L-Neue-BrehmBuecherei-Band-145 Monachus-Guardian. http://www.monachus-guardian.org/library.htm Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779). http://www.grid.unep.ch/bsein/redbook/txt/monach.htm NABU. Kulleräugiger Unterwasser-Jäger: Der Seehund (Phoca vitulina). https://www.nabu.de/tiere-und-pflanzen/saeugetiere/robben-undwale/04377.html NHPBS. Wildlife Journal Junior. Harbor Seal Phoca vitulina. https://nhpbs.org/wild/harborseal.asp NOAA Fisheries. Harbor Seal Phoca vitulina. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/harbor-seal Oceana. Harbor Seal Phoca vitulina. https://oceana.org/marinelife/marine-mammals/harbor-seal Öztürk, B. Past, Present and Future of the Mediterranean Monk Seal Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779) in the Black Sea. Proceedings of the first International Symposium on the Marine Mammals of the Black Sea. p. 96-102. Istanbul, Turkey. Paws. Harbor Seals. https://www.paws.org/resources/harbor-seals/ Peter Dollingers Zootier-Lexikon. Seehund. https://www.zootierlexikon.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=171:seehund-phocavitulina&Itemid=250 Pieterburen Zeehondencentrum. Seehund (Phoca vitulina). https://www.zeehondencentrum.nl/de/seehunde-robben/wissenwertes-ueberrobben/robben-niederlanden/seehund Poster Museum. Seehund Phoca vitulina Seal. https://postermuseum.com/products/seehund-phoca-vitulina-l-seal Reijnders. P.J.H. (February 1981). Management and conservation of the Harbour Seal, Phoca vitulina, population in the International Wadden Sea Area. Biological Conservation. Volume 19, Issue 3, February 1981, Pages 213-221. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0006320781900367 Masseti, Marco (2009). Carnivores of Syria. In: Neubert, E., Amr, Z., Taiti, S. and Gumus, B. (Eds): Animal diversity in the Middle East. Proceedings of the 1st Middle Eastern Biodiversity Congress, Aqaba, Jordan 20-23 October 2008, ZooKeys, 31: 229-252. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

30 Mendelssohn, Heinrich; Yom-Tov, Y. (1999). Fauna Palaestina: Mammalia of Israel. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Keterpress Enterprises, 439 pp. Misonne, X. (1957). Mammifères de la Turquie sud-orientale et du nord de la Syrie. Mammalia, Paris. 21: 53. Nader, I. A. (1990). Checklist of the mammals of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 11: 329-381. Neumyer, Scott (24.08.2015). Israel's 10 most beautiful animals. https://www.fromthegrapevine.com/nature/israels-10-beautiful-animals Özkurt, Ş., M. Sözen, N. YİĞİT, E. Çolak (1998). Notes on distributional records and some characteristics of five carnivore species (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Turkey. Turkish J. Zool. 22: 285-288. Ognev, S. I. (1931). The Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Vol. 2, Carnivora, Fissipidae. Glavnauka. Moscow. 775 pp. Ognev, S. I. (1935). The Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Vol. 3, Carnivora, Fissipidae, and Pinnipidae. Glavnauka. Moscow. 752 pp. Orni, Efraim and Elisha Efrat (1966). Geography of Israel. Second Revised Edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 363 pp. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (2000). Biodiversity in Palestinian territory. Ramallah, Palestine. Palestinian Institute for Arid Land and Environmental Studies (1996). A preliminary investigation of biodiversity in Palestine: Problems and prospects, West Bank, Palestine. Pocock, R. I. (1946). External and Cranial Characters of some Rare Asiatic Mammals recently exhibited by the Society. P. Z. S. London. 1946: 115; 314. Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (1992). Review of “Mammals of Arabia” by D.L. Harrison and P.J. Bates. J. Mammal., 73: 228-229. Qumsiyeh, Mazin B. (1996). Mammals of the Holy Land. Texas Tech University Press. pps. 389. Ronald, K. and R. Duguy (eds.) (1979). The Mediterranean Monk Seal. First International Conference on the Mediterranean monk seal, Rhodes, Greece, 2-5 May, 1978. United Nations Environment Programme / Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK: 1-183. Saleh, M. A. and M. Basuony (1998). A contribution to the mammalogy of the Sinai Peninsula. Mammalia 62: 557-575. San Diego Natural History Museum. Phoca vitulina Harbor Seal. https://www.sdnhm.org/oceanoasis/fieldguide/phoc-vit.html Schramm, Yolanda and Gisela Heckel (2021). Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardii Gray, 1864). Ecology and Conservation of Pinnipeds in Latin America. pp. 209-231. Springer Link. Online 25 February 2021. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-030-63177-2_11 Science Direct. Harbor Seal. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biologicalGazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

31 sciences/harbor-seal Seal Sitters. About Harbor Seals. https://www.sealsitters.org/marine_mammals/harbor_seals.html SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment. Harbor Seal: Birth & Care of Young. https://seaworld.org/animals/all-about/harbor-seal/care-of-young/ Sergeant, D.; K. Ronald, J. Boulva, and F. Berkes (1978). The Recent Status of Monachus monachus, the Mediterranean Monk Seal. In: K. Ronald and R. Duguy, eds. The Mediterranean Monk Seal. First International Conference on the Mediterranean Monk Seal. 2-5 May 1978, Rhodes, Greece. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK: 1-183. Sergeant, D.; K. Ronald, J. Boulva, and F. Berkes (1978). The Recent Status of Monachus monachus, the Mediterranean monk seal. Biol. Cons. 14:259. Teilmann, Jonas and Anders Galatius (January 2018). Harbor Seal Phoca vitulina, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328687024_Harbor_Seal_Phoca_vitu lina_Encyclopedia_of_Marine_Mammals Temple, H.J., Cuttelod, A. (2008). The status and distribution of Mediterranean Mammals. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), New York. The Father Schmitz Collection. https://smnh.tau.ac.il/en/the-father-schmitzcollection/ The Marine Mammal Center. Pacific Harbor Seal. https://www.marinemammalcenter.org/animal-care/learn-about-marinemammals/pinnipeds/pacific-harbor-seal The Monachus Guardian. Mediterranean News. Confusion over Israeli stranding. Vol. 7 (1): June 2004. http://www.monachusguardian.org/mguard13/1315mednew.htm The Whale Trail. Harbor Seal. https://thewhaletrail.org/wt-species/harborseal/ Tristram, H. B. (1866). Report on the Mammals of Palestine. Proc. Zool. Soc. London.1866: 84-93. Tristram, H. B. (1867). The Natural History of the Bible. Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge Publ. London. 515 pp. Tristram, H. B. (1884). The Fauna and Flora of Palestine. The Survey of Western Palestine. Palestine Exploration Fund, London. 455 pp. UNEP (2003). Desk study on the environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya. https://www.facebook.com/groups/IsraelWildMammals/permalink/20614665 03945374 Verein Jordsand. Der Seehund (Phoca vitulina). https://www.jordsand.eu/schutzgebiete/helgoland/seehund/ Washington Nature Mapping Program. Harbor Seal. http://naturemappingfoundation.org/natmap/facts/harbor_seal_712.html Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023

32 Wijngaarden, A. van. (1962). The Mediterranean Monk Seal. From a Report to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Oryx. Fauna & Flora Preservation Society, London 6: 270-273. Wikipedia. Harbor Seal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor_seal Wikipedia. Haywanat Filastin. ‫حيوانات فلسطين‬. by: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa. (In Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86% D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Wikipedia. Mediterranean Monk Seal. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Monk_Seal Wikipedia. Mönchsrobben. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6nchsrobben Wikipedia. Seehund. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seehund Wikipedia. ‫ فقمة المرفأ‬. Faqmet Al-Mirfa’. https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7% D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A3 Wozencraft, W.C. (1993). In Order Carnivora: Mammal Species of the World. In: A Taxonomic and Geographic References, Wilson, D.E. and D.M. Reeder (Eds.). 2nd Edn., Smith Institute, Washington, DC. WWF. Seehunde im Artenlexikon (lat. Phoca vitulina). https://www.wwf.de/themen-projekte/artenlexikon/seehund Wyss, A. R. (1988). On retrogression in the evolution of the Phocinae and phylogenetic affinities of monk seals. In: American Museum Novitates 1988, Nr. 2924, S. 38ff. Yom-Tov, Y. (1988). The zoogeography of the birds and mammals of Israel. In: Yom-Tov Y, Techernov E (eds.). The zoogeography of Israel: The distribution and abundance at a zoogeographical crossroad. ed., Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.

‫فقمة صور تعود إلى موطنها وبيئتها‬ http://www.spnl.org/arabic/archives/110 ‫ فقمة الراهب المتوسطية‬. ‫ويكيبيديا‬ http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7% D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8% AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9

. ‫ حياة فلسطين البرية‬: ‫فيسبوك‬ https://www.facebook.com/PalestineWild/posts/600535690027808?strea m_ref=10 . )‫ وكالة األنباء والمعلومات الفلسطينية (وفا‬. ‫الحياة الحيوانية في فلسطين‬ http://www.wafainfo.ps/atemplate.aspx?id=2378 . ‫ مصر‬، ‫ القاهرة‬: ‫ دار الشعب‬. ‫ أطلس ثدييات العالم‬. )1970( ‫الدكتور حسين فرج زين الدين‬

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‫أبو يحي زكريا بن محمد بن محمود القزويني ‪ .‬عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات ‪ .‬دار اآلفاق الجديدة‬ ‫‪ ،‬بيروت ‪ ،‬لبنان ‪ ،‬الطبعة الثالثة ‪. 1978 ،‬‬ ‫أبي عثمان عمرو بن بحر الجاحظ ‪ .‬كتاب الحيوان ‪ .‬سبعة أجزاء ‪ .‬مكتبة مصطفى البابي الحلبي وأوالده‬ ‫بمصر ‪ .‬الطبعة األولى بين األعوام ‪. 1945-1938‬‬ ‫كمال الدين محمد بن موسى بن عيسى الدميري ‪ .‬حياة الحيوان الكبرى ‪ .‬جزءان (‪ 1104‬صفحة) ‪ .‬دار‬ ‫الكتب العلمية ‪ .‬بيروت ‪ ،‬لبنان ‪ .‬الطبعة الثالثة ‪. 2007.‬‬

‫‪Scientists For Palestine. https://www.facebook.com/Scientists4Palestine‬‬

‫والحم ُد هللِ رب العالمين‬

‫‪Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 41 – Number 222 – June 2023‬‬