Egyptian Spinosaurus Dinosaur (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915) Models in UAE & Kuwait by Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

ISSN 0178-6288 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Norman_KhalafPrinz_Sakerfalke_Von_Jaffa/publications https://palestine.academia.edu/NormanKhalaf https://issuu.com/dr-norman-ali-khalaf/docs

================================ ‫ النشرة الفلسطينية لعلم األحياء‬: ‫الغزال‬ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Gazelle : Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin

================================ Monthly Bulletin – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022 Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine

================================

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

Egyptian Spinosaurus Dinosaur (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915) Models in the United Arab Emirates and the State of Kuwait

‫نماذج للديناصور الشوكي الشراعي المصري في دولة اإلمارات‬ ‫العربية ال ُمتحدة و دولة الكويت‬ By: Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa

An Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) animatronic simulated life-size Dinosaur displayed at Sahara Center in Sharjah, UAE .. Photo: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 24.03.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10153972908184831&set=a.10153972864034831

Abstract: I studied animatronic simulated life-size Egyptian Spinosaurus Dinosaurs (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915) at the Sahara Centre in Sharjah on 24.03.2016, and at the Dinosaur Park at Zabeel Park in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on 26.11.2016, and a life-size fiberglass Spinosaurus replica at the Natural History Museum at Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre in the State of Kuwait on 03.07.2019.

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

‫‪2‬‬

‫ُملخص ‪ :‬تمت دراسة ُمجسمات آلية ُمتحركة بالحجم الطبيعي للديناصور الشوكي الشراعي المصري في‬ ‫مركز صحارى بالشارقة بتاريخ ‪ 24‬مارس ‪ ، 2016‬وفي حديقة الديناصورات في حديقة زعبيل في دُبي‬ ‫بدولة اإلمارات العربية ال ُمتحدة بتاريخ ‪ 26‬نوفمبر ‪ ، 2016‬وكذلك تمت دراسة ُمجسم فيبرجالس بالحجم‬ ‫الطبيعي للديناصور سبينوصورس في متحف التاريخ الطبيعي في مركز عبد هللا السالم الثقافي في دولة الكويت‬ ‫بتاريخ ‪ 03‬يوليو ‪. 2019‬‬

‫‪An Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) animatronic simulated life-size Dinosaur displayed at‬‬ ‫‪Sahara Center in Sharjah, UAE .. Photo: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 24.03.2016.‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10153972898519831&set=a.10153972864034831‬‬

‫قمت بمعية إبنتي الحبيبة والغالية ُمهندسة التصميم الداخلي نورة خلف بدراسة ُمجسمات آلية ُمتحركة بالحجم‬ ‫الطبيعي للديناصور الشوكي الشراعي المصري في يوم ‪ 24‬مارس ‪ 2016‬في مركز صحارى في الشارقة ‪،‬‬ ‫وكذلك في يوم ‪ 26‬نوفمبر ‪ 2016‬في حديقة الديناصورات في حديقة زعبيل في دُبي بدولة اإلمارات العربية‬ ‫ال ُمتحدة ‪ ،‬وكذلك تمت دراسة ُمجسم فيبرجالس بالحجم الطبيعي للديناصور سبينوصوروس في متحف التاريخ‬ ‫‪Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫الطبيعي في مركز عبد هللا السالم الثقافي في دولة الكويت بتاريخ ‪ 03‬يوليو ‪. 2019‬‬ ‫يُعتبر هذا الديناصور الضخم ذو الفكين القويين واألسنان الحادة الضخمة من الديناصورات آكالت اللحوم التي‬ ‫تتغذى على الديناصورات األخرى واألسماك الكبيرة ‪ ،‬ويصل طوله إلى ‪ 18‬مترا ً ووزنه إلى ‪ 21‬طنا ً ؛ وكان‬ ‫يوجد تسلسل من األشواك العظمية على ظهره يصل طولها إلى ‪ 1.8‬مترا ً ُمرتبة على شكل شراع ؛ وهذا‬ ‫الترتيب الشراعي كان يُساعدهُ على تنظيم درجة حرارة جسمه وإخافة األعداء ‪ ..‬وقد كان يمشي‬ ‫السبينوصوروس على قدمين ذات عضالت قوية ‪ ،‬وكان سريعا ً نسبيا ً ‪ ،‬حيث كان من ذوات األقدام ال ُمتطورة‬ ‫‪ ،‬وكان ُمعدل ذكاؤه عال بين الديناصورات األخرى ‪ ..‬وقد كان يعيش هذا الديناصور الشوكي المصري (يعني‬ ‫إسمه باإلنجيليزية "السحلية الشوكية") في منطقة الصحراء الكبرى قبل حوالي ‪ 95-93‬مليون سنة في أواسط‬ ‫العصر الطباشيري حينما كانت المنطقة ُمنغمرة بالمياه ‪ ..‬وقد تم إكتشاف أول عظام لهذا الديناصور في‬ ‫الصحراء الغربية بمصر عام ‪ 1912‬من قبل عالم األحياء األلماني إرنست فرايهر سترومر فون رايشنباخ ‪،‬‬ ‫حيث أكتشف بعض عظامه ال ُمتحجرة ومن ضمنها عدد من عظام الظهر والتي بينت أنه كان عنده ما يشبه‬ ‫الشراع على ظهره ‪ ،‬وقد قام بوصفه علميا ً في العام ‪ 1915‬وأسماه "سبينوصوروس إيجيبتياكوس "‬ ‫‪ Spinosaurus aegyptiacus ..‬ثم أكتشفت عظام أخرى في المغرب والجزائر والنيجر ‪ ،‬إال أن‬ ‫اإلكتشافات كانت محدودة والعظام غير كاملة ‪ ..‬وقد أدت هذه اإلكتشافات إلى إعطاء الدليل المادي على أن‬ ‫منطقة الصحراء الكبرى كانت ُمنغمرة بالمياه ؛ حيث ُوجدت فيها هياكل لحيتان ضخمة في وادي الحيتان في‬ ‫مصر (قُمت بدراستها علميا ً في مصر قبل ‪ 10‬سنوات) وكذلك هياكل تماسيح ُمتحجرة ‪ ..‬ويُعتبر هذا الديناصور‬ ‫رسميا ً أكبر الديناصورات آكالت اللحوم قاطبة ‪ ،‬ويفوق في الحجم ديناصورات الثيروبود ومن ضمنها‬ ‫التيرانوصورس ركس الشهير والجيجانوتوصوروس ‪ ..‬وقد ظهر هذا الديناصور في فيلم جوراسيك بارك ‪.3‬‬

‫‪An Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) animatronic simulated life-size Dinosaur displayed at‬‬ ‫‪the Dinosaur Park at Zabeel Park in Dubai, United Arab Emirates .. Photo from a video: Prof. Dr. Norman‬‬ ‫‪Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 26.11.2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgWkyPi3XSE‬‬

‫‪Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022‬‬

Information sign board for the Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) which was displayed at the Dinosaur Park at Zabeel Park in Dubai, United Arab Emirates .. Photos from a video: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 26.11.2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgWkyPi3XSE

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

An Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) animatronic simulated life-size Dinosaur displayed at the Dinosaur Park at Zabeel Park in Dubai, United Arab Emirates .. Photo from a video: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 26.11.2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgWkyPi3XSE

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

The hind feet of the Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) animatronic simulated life-size Dinosaur displayed at Sahara Center in Sharjah, UAE .. Photo: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 24.03.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10153972910399831&set=a.10153972864034831

I studied animatronic simulated life-size Egyptian Spinosaurus Dinosaurs (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915) at the Sahara Centre in Sharjah on 24.03.2016, and at the Dinosaur Park at Zabeel Park in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on 26.11.2016, and a lifesize fiberglass Spinosaurus replica at the Natural History Museum at Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre in the State of Kuwait on 03.07.2019. This Dinosaur is considered the largest carnivore dinosaur and it reached a length of 18 meters and weighed over 21 tonnes, and it lived in the Sahara of North Africa .. Its fossils were discovered in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and Niger. Spinosaurus (meaning "spine lizard") is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what now is North Africa during the Cenomanian to upper Turonian stages of the Late Cretaceous period, about 99 to 93.5 million years ago. This genus was known first from Egyptian remains discovered in 1912 and described by German palaeontologist Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach (1871–1952) in 1915. The original remains were destroyed in World War II, but additional material has come to light in the early 21st century. It is unclear whether one or two species are represented in the fossils reported in the scientific literature. The best-known species is Spinosaurus aegyptiacus from Egypt, although a potential second species, Spinosaurus maroccanus, has been recovered from Morocco. The contemporary spinosaurid genus Sigilmassasaurus has also been Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

synonymized by some authors with S. aegyptiacus, though other researchers propose it to be a distinct taxon. Another possible junior synonym is Oxalaia from the Alcântara Formation in Brazil (Wikipedia).

Spinosaurus was among the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, nearly as large as or even larger than other theropods such as Tyrannosaurus, Giganotosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus. Estimates published in 2005, 2007, and 2008 suggested that it was between 12.6 to 18 meters (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 metric tons (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. New estimates published in 2014 and 2018, based on a more complete specimen, supported the earlier research, finding that Spinosaurus could reach lengths of 15 to 16 meters (49 to 52 ft). The latest estimates suggest a weight of 6.4 to 7.5 metric tons (7.1 to 8.3 short tons). The skull of Spinosaurus was long, low and narrow, similar to that of a modern crocodilian, and bore straight conical teeth with no serrations. It would have had large, robust forelimbs bearing three-fingered hands, with an enlarged claw on the first digit. The distinctive neural spines of Spinosaurus, which were long extensions of the vertebrae (or backbones), grew to at least 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) long and were likely to have had skin connecting them, forming a sail-like structure, although some authors have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. Spinosaurus's hip bones were reduced, and the legs were very short in proportion to the body. Its long and narrow Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

tail was deepened by tall, thin neural spines and elongated chevrons, forming a flexible fin or paddle-like structure (Wikipedia). Spinosaurus is known to have eaten fish, and most scientists believe that it hunted both terrestrial and aquatic prey. Evidence suggests that it was highly semiaquatic, and lived both on land and in water as modern crocodilians do. Spinosaurus's leg bones had osteosclerosis (high bone density), allowing for better buoyancy control, and the paddle-like tail was likely used for underwater propulsion. Multiple functions have been put forward for the dorsal sail, including thermoregulation and display; either to intimidate rivals or attract mates. Spinosaurus lived in a humid environment of tidal flats and mangrove forests alongside many other dinosaurs, as well as fish, crocodylomorphs, lizards, turtles, pterosaurs, and plesiosaurs (Wikipedia).

References and Internet Websites Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1980). Tabie’t Al-Talawon fi Al-Haywanat (The Colouration of Animals). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 1. January 1980, Safar 1401. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 4-5. (in Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1983). Sea Snakes in Kuwait. Bulletin of the Biological Studies Club, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. First Year, Number 4, 7.12.1983. pp. 15. (in Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (1987). On a Collection of Devon Period Animal Fossils from Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

the Saarland, in the Geologische Museum Saarberg in Saarbrücken, Germany. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 15, Fifth Year, Thul Qi’dah 1407 AH, July 1987 AD. pp. 9-10. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). Die Dinosaurier Ausstellung im Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 27, Tenth Year, April 1992. pp. 1-8. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Gazelle. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 30, Tenth Year, October 1992. pp. 1-7. (in Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan (June) 1994. pp. 16-21. (in Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). Palestinian Ornithomimid Dinosaur Tracks from Beit Zeit, Jerusalem. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Environmental Affairs 2 and Dinosaurs. www.gazelle.8m.net/custom3.html

A life-size fiberglass Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) Dinosaur replica at the Natural History Museum at Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre in the State of Kuwait on 03.07.2019. Photo: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10157270915524831&set=pcb.10157270915729831

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

Information sign board for the Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) animatronic simulated lifesize Dinosaur displayed at Sahara Center in Sharjah, UAE .. Photo: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 24.03.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10153972897234831&set=a.10153972864034831

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). Palestinian Legged Snake Fossil from Ein Yabrud, north of Jerusalem. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Fossils and Zoos. http://gazelle.8m.net/shopping_page.html Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (Gründer) (seit Juli 2001). Dinosaurier Club Yahoo Group. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Dinosaurierclub/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. ISBN 3-00-014121-9. Erste Auflage / First Edition, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten / Pages. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004: 460 Seiten / Pages. Norman Ali Khalaf, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/& eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59405994/book-gazelle-thepalestinian-biological-bulletin-a-scientific-journey-in-palestine-arabia-and-europebetween-1983-2004-by-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2004 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). The Reptiles in the Arabia’s Wildlife Centre in the Sharjah Desert Park, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 34, 22nd Year, August 2004. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. pp. 1-8. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2005). Aquatica Arabica. An Aquatic Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1980 - 2005 / Aquatica Arabica. Eine Aquatische Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1980 - 2005. Erste Auflage, August 2005: 376 Seiten. Norman Ali Khalaf, Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland & Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://dr-norman-alikhalaf-books.webs.com/aquaticaarabica.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59407769/book-aquatica-arabica-anaquatic-scientific-journey-in-palestine-arabia-and-europe-between-1980-2005-bynorman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2005 & eBook: https://joom.ag/nN6L Khalaf, Norman Ali (2005, 2006, 2007). Chapter 3: Geography, Flora and Fauna. Pages 3239. In: Palestine: A Guide. By Mariam Shahin, Photography by George Azar. Co-Author: Norman Ali Khalaf. Northampton, Massachusetts: Interlink Publishing Group, 2005, 2006, 2007. xi + 471 pages. Appendices to page 500. http://ipsnewsite.mysite4now.com/journals.aspx?id=7323&jid=1&href=fulltext Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). Ornithomimid Dinosaur Tracks from Beit Zeit, West of Jerusalem, Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 56, Twenty-fourth Year, August 2006, Rajab 1427 H. pp. 1-7. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://de.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/Dinosaurier_Club/message/183

The front feet of the Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) animatronic simulated life-size Dinosaur displayed at Sahara Center in Sharjah, UAE .. Photo: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 24.03.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10153972896384831&set=a.10153972864034831

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

The author and his daughter Nora Khalaf infront of the Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) animatronic simulated life-size Dinosaur displayed at Sahara Center in Sharjah, UAE .. 24.03.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10153972893264831&set=a.10153972864034831

Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Haywanat Filistin (Fauna of Palestine). Wikipedia, Al-Mawsu'a Al-Hurra (The Free Encyclopedia). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 69, Twenty-fifth Year, September 2007 CE, Sha’ban 1428 AH. pp. 1-4. (in Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7 %D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-faunapalestine.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://drnorman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/59498633/fauna-palaestina-1-bookby-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-2009 Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2010). Fauna Emiratus - Part One. Zoological Studies in the United Arab Emirates between 2004 - 2009. / Fauna Emiratus – Teil Eins. Zoologische Studien in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zwischen 2004 2009. ISBN 978-9948-15-462-4. Erste Auflage/First Edition, November 2010: 350 Seiten / Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunaemiratuspart1.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/59546804/fauna-emiratus-part-1zoological-studies-in-the-united-arab-emirates-between-2004-2009-by-dr-norman-alibassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-2010

The author infront of the Egyptian Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) animatronic simulated life-size Dinosaur displayed at Sahara Center in Sharjah, UAE .. Photo: Nora Khalaf .. 24.03.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10153972864114831&set=a.10153972864034831

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012). Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition: July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. 208 Seiten / Pages (Arabic Part 120 Pages and the English Part 88 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/59602956/fauna-palaestina-part-2book-by-dr-norman-ali-khalaf-von-jaffa-2012

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

Advertisement poster for the Dinosaurs World at the Sahara Center in Sharjah, UAE .. Photo: Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffa. 24.03.2016. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10153972895634831&set=a.10153972864034831

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012). Ornithomimid Dinosaur Tracks from Beit Zeit, West of Jerusalem, Palestine. In: Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16-667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition : July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. pp. 79-88. Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. 364 pages (English Part 350 Pages and the Arabic Part 14 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart3.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/62740914/fauna-palaestina-part-3year-2013-by-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-isbn-978-9950-383-35-7 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2013). Dinosaur Tracks at Beit Zeit, West of Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Occupied Palestine. 09.07.2013. YouTube Video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEtF3FUegOQ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2014). Fauna Palaestina – Part Four. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2014/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Vier. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2014. ISBN978-9950-383-77-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition: July 2014, Ramadan 1435 H. pp. 456 (English part 378 pages and Arabic part 78 pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-part-1.webs.com/faunapalaestina4.htm & eBook: https://www.yumpu.com/fr/document/view/62741122/book-faunapalaestina-4-year-2014-by-prof-dr-norman-ali-bassam-khalaf-von-jaffa-isbn-978-9950383-77-7 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2014). The Ceratosaur Dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi Janensch, 1920 Tracks from Beit Zeit, West of AlQuds (Jerusalem), Occupied Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 117, September 2014, Thu Al-Qi’da 1435 AH. pp. 1-33. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://palestine-dinosaur.webs.com/ Khalaf, Prof. Norman Ali (October 2014). Dinasaurat Al-Quds (Dinosaurs of Jerusalem). National Geographic Arabiya Magazine, October 2014, Pages 52—53. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10152690910299831 Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali (10.10.2014). The Dinosaur Man between the Dinosaurs and Fossils at Dubai Mall on 10.10.2014. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10152714985039831 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2014). The Longnecked Whip-tailed Sauropod Dinosaur (Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus Galiano and Albersdörfer, 2010) Skeleton at Dubai Mall, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 120, December 2014. pp. 1-29. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://palestinedinosaur.webs.com/sauropod-dubai-mall Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

Khalaf, Prof. Norman Ali (October 2014). Dinasaurat Al-Quds (Dinosaurs of Jerusalem). National Geographic Arabiya Magazine, October 2014, Pages 52—53. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10152690910299831

Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2015). Dinasurat Al-Quds Al-Shareef, Filasteen Al-Muhtala / Dinosaurs of Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Occupied Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 122, February 2015. pp. 1-11. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (in Arabic). http://palestine-dinosaur.webs.com/dinosaur-al-quds-palestine Khalaf-von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2015). Fauna Palaestina – Part Five. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2016/ Fauna Palaestina – Teil Fünf. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2016. ISBN 978-9950-383-92-0. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2015, Ramadan 1436 H. 448 pp. (English Part 304 Pages and the Arabic Part 144 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Al-Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine. http://fauna-palaestina-books.webs.com/ & eBook (Google Drive): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C9Vo6oBn4AAYB7XnpeIGgEXgOBZFzar6/view?us p=sharing Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali (24.03.2016). Egyptian Spinosaurus Sahara Center Sharjah‫ديناصور سبينوصور المصري‬. Facebook. Photo Album. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10153972864034831&type=3 Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam. (15.04.2016). Egyptian Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Dinosaur Sahara Center Sharjah 24.03.2016. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8tgkc2gAi0 Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam. (27.11.2016). Spinosaurus at Dinosaur World at Zabeel Park in Dubai 26.11.2016. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgWkyPi3XSE Khalaf, Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Bassam. (04.07.2019). Visiting Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre in Kuwait on 03.07.2019. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dr.norman.ali.khalaf/posts/10157270915729831 Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2020). The Dinosaurs of Al Quds (Jerusalem). Journal of Jerusalem Studies. Published by El Hassan Bin Talal Centre for Jerusalem Studies, Al Quds University, Al Quds (Jerusalem), State of Palestine, Number 1, January-June 2020, pp. 6-17. (In Arabic). https://issuu.com/dr-norman-alikhalaf/docs/dinosaur_of_jerusalem_studies_journal ‫ مجلة ر‬، ‫ مجلة دراسات مقدسية‬. )2020( ‫ نورمان عل بسام خلف‬: ‫ بقلم‬. ‫ ديناصورات القدس‬: ‫المرجع‬ ‫إلكتونية نصف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ القدس ر‬، ‫ جامعة القدس‬، ‫سنوية تصدر عن مركز الحسن بن طالل لدراسات القدس‬ ‫ن‬ ، ‫ العدد األول‬، ‫فلسطي‬ ‫ دولة‬، ‫الشيف‬ ‫كانون ن‬ . 17-6 ‫ الصفحات‬، ‫ م‬2020 ‫الثان – حزيران‬ ‫ي‬

Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf and his wife the Photographer Ola Khalaf are holding with pride 2 copies of the new issue of the National Geographic Arabiya Magazine (Frontpage Title: Spinosaur Malek Al Dinasaurat: Spinosaurus The King of Dinosaurs) (October 2014) where a dialogue with Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf was published on the Dinosaurs of Al-Quds (Jerusalem), Palestine (Pages 52-53) ... Photo by my proud daughter Nora Khalaf. 01.10.2014. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10152690623124831

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022

Khalaf-Prinz Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Sharif Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad Mostafa Abdallah Mohammad (October 2022). Egyptian Spinosaurus Dinosaur (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915) Models in the United Arab Emirates and the State of Kuwait. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Volume 40, Number 214, October 2022, pp. 1-19. Published by Prof. Dr. Norman Ali Khalaf Department for Environmental Research and Media, National Research Center, University of Palestine, Gaza, State of Palestine. https://palestinestamps.webs.com/spinosaurus-aegyptiacus Wikipedia. Ernst Stromer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Stromer Wikipedia. Spinosaurus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinosaurus

‫لل رب العالمين‬ ‫والحم ُد ه‬

Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – ISSN 0178-6288 – Volume 40 – Number 214 – October 2022