Pioneer inventory of tracheophytes of Sathan Gali, district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016 Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 8, No. 6, p. 162-170, 2016 http://www.innspub.net RESEARCH PAPER

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Pioneer inventory of tracheophytes of Sathan Gali, district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Khalid Rasheed Khan1, Zafar IqbaL1, Manzoor Hussain1, Abbas Hussain Shah2, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah1, Muhammad Farooq2 1

Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

2

Department of Botany, GPGC Mansehra, Pakistan Article published on June 11, 2016

Key words: Floristic inventory, Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, Pteridophytes, Tracheophytes.

Abstract This study was designedfor first ever exploration of floristic composition of Sathen Gali, district Mansehra. The study area being the part of western Himalayas shows rich floristic diversity. In the present study, effort was made to document firsthand information and prepare the floristic inventory of the area. The study was initiated to assess the vegetation structure qualitatively. The study area was visited frequently during flowering and fruiting seasons of plants in 2013 and 2014. Plants were collected from a range of localities, identified, preserved and deposited with Herbarium of Hazara University,Mansehra. This first investigation revealed a total of 168 plants species belonging to 76 families. Angiosperms were represented by 156 species (92.85%), Gymnosperms by 5 species (2.97%) and Pteridophytes by 7species (2.16%). The dominant family was found to be Asteraceae represented by 20 species, followed by Rosaceae by 14 species, Poaceaeby 12 species,Primulaceaeby 4 species and caryophyllaceae and Moraceae by 3 species each. Thispioneer floristic inventory represents the floristic diversity and will serve as base line for the future researches. *Corresponding

Author: Khalid Rasheed Khan  Khalid_botnist@yahoo.com

162 | Khan et al.

J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016 Introduction

Plant inventory of an area is a prerequisite of any

Pakistan being the part of western Himalaya harbors

floristic assessment. Various floristic studies have

rich floral diversity owing to important geographical

been conducted in different regions of Pakistanand

position. More than 6000 species of Tracheophytes

contributed a lot not only to local floras but also to the

have been recorded in the region (Stewart, 1972).

flora of Pakistan, Such as Parker (1956),Stewart

Northern parts of Pakistan Show higher species

(1972), Shah and Khan(2006), Qureshi (2008),

diversity including 80%of the endemic flora (Ali and

Zaheer and Sardar, (2008), Haq et al.,(2010), Fazal et

Qaiser, 1986). The study area Sathan Gally lies in

al.,(2010), Qureshi and Bhatti, (2010), Saeed et

district Mansehra, situated between 34º – 14´ to 35º

al.,(2012), Waris et al.,(2013), Khan et al.,(2013b),

– 11´ north latitudes and 72º – 49´ to 74º – 08´east

Ilyas et al.,(2013), Shaheen et al., (2011), Tanvir et al.,

longitudes (Fiaz et al., 2012).The area receives

(2014) and Zulfiqar et al.,(2015).The area under

maximum rain fall during early spring and monsoon.

investigation being the part of western Himalayas

The climate of an area remains pleasant in summer

showing rich floristic diversity therefore, an effort is

while winter is too harsh. Snow often occurs in the

made to document firsthand information and prepare

temperate forest particularly near its upper limits

the check list of the area.

during the months of December to February. Most snow break is caused by wind when the trees are over

Materials and methods

laden with snow (Saddozai, 1996). According to the

The study was initiated to assess the vegetation

standard classification of forest types of Pakistan

structure qualitatively. The study area was visited

(Champion et al., 1965) the forests of the area fall in

frequently during flowering and fruiting seasons of

sub-tropical and Himalaya moist temperate forests

plants in 2013 and 2014.

types.

Fig. 1. Map of the investigated area.

During plant collection cutter, gloves, collection bags,

Plants specimens were shifted to blotting papers for

blotting papers, soil digger, scissors and plant presser

drying. The specimens were poisoned using Mercuric

were used. Plants collected from various altitudes of

Chloride, Copper sulphate and absolute alcohol in the

the area under investigation, coordinates and altitude

ratio of 1:2gm/L of alcohol. The plants were identified

were recorded by using GPS (Gorman etrax 10).

with the help of flora of Pakistan (Nasir and Ali,

163 | Khan et al.

J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016 1970– 1994; Ali and Qaisar, 1995– 2011) and

dominant family was found Asteraceae contributing

deposited

University

20 species, followed by Rosaceae having 14 species,

Mansehra. The data was statistically analyzed using

with

Herbarium

Hazara

Poaceae by 12 species, Primulaceae by 4 species and

MS Excel 2013.

caryophyllaceae and Moraceae by 3 species each ( Fig. 3).

Results and discussion This first investigation revealed a total of 168 plants

Our findings revealed a total of 168 plants species of

species

(Table

76 families. Angiosperms were represented by 156

1).Angiosperms were represented by 156 species

belonging

to

76

families.

species,Gymnosperms by 5 species and Pteridophytes

(92.85%), Gymnosperms by 5 species (2.97%) and

by species 7 (Table 1).

Pteridophytes by 7 species (2.16%) (Fig.2). The Table 1. Pioneer inventory of tracheophytes of Sathan Gali district Mansehra.

S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

Botanical name Arisaema jacquemontii Blume Abies pindrow Royle.

Achillea mellefolium Linn.

Adiantum capillus veneris Linn.

Adiantum caudatum Linnaeous.

Aegopodium burttii E. Nasir Aesculus indica (comb.) Hook Agrostis stolonifera L. Ajuga bracteosa Wall.ex Benth Ajuga parviflora Benth Alianthus althesema(Mill.)Swingle Alnus nitida (Spach.) Endl Anagalis arvensis Linn.

Anaphalis busa D.C. Andrachne cordifolia (Wall.ex Dec) Muell.

Androsace rotundifolia Hardw.

Apluda spp.

Aquilegia pubiflora Wall.ex Royle Arisaema flavum Forssk.

Arisaema utile Hook.fex.schott Aristida spp.

Arum spp.

Asparagus filicinus Bunch –Ham.ex. D.Don Aster himalaicus C.B.Clarke Bauhinia variegata Linn.

Berberis lycium Royle Bergenia ciliata Sternb.

Bidense pilosa L Bistorta amplexicaule (D.Don) Greene.

Brachiaria ramose(L) Stapf Bromus japonicus Thunb.

Buddleja crispa Bth Bupleurum lanceolatum Wall. ex DC. Calamintha umbrosa (M.B) Bth. ex DC. Calandula arvensis L. Caltha alba Camb.

Cannabis sativa L. capsela bursa pistoris l.Medik Cedrus deodara Roxb. ex Lamb.

Celtis australis Linn.

Chenopdium ambrosiodes L Chenopodium album L. Cichorum intybus L. Clinopodium vulgare Colchicum luteum Baker convulvulus arvensis L.

Family Araceae Pinaceae Asteraceae Adiantaceae Adiantaceae Apiaceae Hippocastinaceae Poaceae Labiatae Labiatae Simaroubaceae Betulaceae Primulaceae Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae Primulaceae Poaceae Ranunculaceae Araceae Urticaceae Poaceae Areaseae Asparagaceae Asteraceae Caesalpinaceae Berberidaceae Saxifragaceae Asteraceae Polygonaceae Poaceae Poaceae Buddlejaceae Apiaceae Labiateae Asteraceae Ranunculaceae Cannabinaceae Brassicaeae Pinaceae Ulmaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Asteraceae Lamiaceae Colchicacea Convulvulaceae

164 | Khan et al.

Habit Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Herb Herb shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb

Flowering June – September April – May July – September September – December May – July July – September May– July July– August March – June April – June March– June August – October April – June July – September April – July May – July July – October May – August June – September May – July July – October June– August May – June August – October March – April March – June April – June September – October June – August July – October May – June March – May June– August Apr– June April– June April – July April– July June– July September – October April – June March– May March– May April– June May– august Feb– March April – June

J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113

Conyza canadensis L. Cronquist.

Coronopus didymus (L) Sm Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge Crotolaria spp Cynodon dactylon (L.)Pers.

Cyperus spp.

Daphne papyracea Wall .ex Steud.

Desmodium elegans D. C. Deutzia staminea R. Br .ex Wall.

Dicliptra bupleorides Nees.

Digitaria nodosa Perl.

Diospyros lotus Linn.

Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.

Dryopteris stewartii Fress Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke.

Elymus spp Erigeron multiradiatus Lindley Erigeron spp.

Fagopyrum spp Ficus carica Forsk.

Fragaria nubicola Lindl.

Fumaria indica (Husskn.) H.N Gallium aparine Linn.

Gentianodes pedicellata D.Don Geranium rotundifolium Linn.

Geranium wallichinum D. Don ex Sweet.

Hedra nepalensis K. Koch.

Heteropogon contortus Linn.

Hyoscyamus niger Linn.

Hypericum perforatum Linn.

Impatiens bicolor Royle Imprita cylindrica (L.) .P.Beaiev.

Inula coppa L Isodon rugosus Linn.

Jasminum humile Linn Juglans regia Linn.

Lactuca spp Lamium album Linn.

Lamium amplexicul L. Leontopodium brachyoctis Gandoger Leonurus cordiaca Lonicera spp Malva neglecta Wallr.

Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.)Garcke Medicago denticulata Willd.

Melia azedarach Linn.

Micromeria biflora Buch.

Morus alba L. Morus nigra L. Myosotis arvensis (Linn.) Hill.

Myrsine africana Linn.

Nepeta cataria Linn.

Oenothera rosea Linn.

Onychium japonicum (Kunze). Wall Origanum vulgare Linn.

Oxalis corniculata L. Paeonia emodi Wall ex Hook. f.

Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana Rehder.

Parthenium histoforous L Phlomis rotata Royle .ex Benth.

Picea smithiana (Wall.) Boiss.

Pieris ovalifolia (Wall.) D. Don Pinus wallichiana L. Pinus roxburghii Surgent.

Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Platanus orientalis L

Asteraceae Brassicaeae Rosaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Cyperaceae Thymelaeaceae Papilionaceae Philadelphaceae Acanthaceae Poaceae Ebenaceae Sapindaceae Pteridaceae Rosaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Polygonaceae Moraceae Rosaceae Fumaraceae Rubiaceae Gentianaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Araliaceae Poaceae Solanaceae Guttiferae Balsaminaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Labiatae Oleaceae Juglandanceae Asteraceae Labiatae Lamiaceae Asteraceae Lamiaceae Caprifoliaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Papilionaceae Meliaceae Labiatae Moraceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrsinaceae Labiatae Onagraceae Pteridaceae Labiatae Oxalidaceae Paeoniaceae Hamamelidaceae Asteraceae Labiatae Pinaceae Ericaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Platanaceae

165 | Khan et al.

Herb Herb shrub Herb Herb Herb shrub shrub shrub Herb Herb Tree shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb shrub shrub Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb shrub Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Tree Tree Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb shrub Herb Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Tree

July – August March- April April – May June – August February – March May – July April – June June – August April – June April – June May– August August – September August – February July– August April – May June– August April – July March – August June – August June – September April – July April – June July – September May – August May – September May – September August – October August – October May – August May – August June – September May– August May – August March – April April – June February – April April – June April – August March – May July – September June– July March – June April – June April – June April – June March – June March – June March – May March – May May – October March – April June – September April – July June– August June – September March – June April – June August– June September-October June – August April – May March – May April – May April– May April – August March – August May– June

J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165

Poa anua L Podophyllum emodi Wall .ex Royle Populus Ciliata Wall.ex Royle Potentilla nepalensis Hook.f.

Potentilla spp.

Primula denticulata Sm. Primula denticulata Smith Prunella vulgaris L. Mi Prunus americana L. Prunus domestica L Prunus cornata pteridium spp Pteris spp.

Pteris vitata L. Pulicaria crispa (Forssk). Olive Pyrus pashia Ham.ex D. Don Quercus dilatata Lindle. Ex Royle Quercus incana Roxb.

Ranunculus hirtellus Royle.

Ranunculus muricatus L. Rhamnus virgata Roxb.

Rhododendron arboreum Smith.

Rosa moschata J. Herm.

Rubus fructicosus Hook.f.

Rumex hastatus D. Don. Salvia lanata Roxb.

Sarcococca saligna (Don) Muell.

Saromatum2venosum(Dryand.ex Aiton) Kun3h Scutellaria c4amaedrifolia Hedge.

Senicio aureus L. silene conidea L. Skimmia laureola D.C. Solanum surratense Burm.f.

Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Solidago virgaurea Linn.

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill.

Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl.

Spiraea vaccinifolia D. Don. Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

Swertia ciliate(G.Don)B.L.Burtt Taraxacum officinale Weber.

Taxus wallichiana Zuce.

Themeda anathera (Nees.ex Steud) DC Trifolium repens L. Tussilago farfara Linn.

Ulmus villosaBrandis ex. Gamble Urtica dioica Linn. vaccaria spp.

Valeriana jatamansi Jones.

Verbascum thapsus Linn.

Veronica persica Poir.

Viburnum grandiflorum Wall. ex DC Kuchh

Poaceae Podophyllaceae Salicacae Rosaceae Rosaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Pteridaceae Pteridaceae Pteridaceae Asteraceae Rosaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Rhamnaceae Ericaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Polygonaceae Labiatae Buxaceae Areaseae Labiatae Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae Rutaceae Solanaceae Cucurbitaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Caryophyllaceae Gentianaceae Asteraceae Taxaceae Poaceae Paplionaceae Asteraceae Ulmaceae Urticaceae caryophyllaceae Valerianaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Caprifoliaceae

Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Tree Tree shrub shrub shrub Herb shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb shrub shrub Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb shrub

July – September April – June April – June July – August June – August May– July April – June May – August February – March February – March June– August September – December September – December June– August November– March February– March April– May April– May May – August March– April April– July March – May April – June April – June May – July April – June September– May May– august May – July July – September March– April April – May April – May July – September May– July April – July June – August March – July March – April June – August March – April March – May August – October April– July August– October April – June May– July April– May May – July May – September June– August March– July

166 167 168

Viola canescens Wall. Ex Roxb. vitis lanata Roxb Woodfordia fruiticosus (L.) Kurz

Violaceae Vitaceae Lythraceae

Herb shrub shrub

July– September May– June September – December

Similarly Mehmood et al., (2015) in their first

Khan (2006) reported 80 plant species of 49 families

exploration of Tor Ghar district (adjacent to study

from

area) enlisted a total of 331 vascular plant species

investigated 80 plant species of 42 families from

belonging to 246 genera and 101 families. Haq et al.,

catchment areas of River Siran. Shah et al., 2015

(2015) also documented 157 plant species of Nandiar

recorded 250 species of Tracheophytes from Basikhel

Khuwar catchment area Western Himalaya. Shah and

tribal belt of district Tor Ghar.

Siran

166 | Khan et al.

Valley

Mansehra.

Khalid

(2009)

J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016

Fig. 2. Scenic view of the area; a) Reserved forest b) Guzara forest c) author while documenting data.

Study on plant biodiversity has also been conducted

Qureshi and Bhatti (2010) reported that Poaceae was

by Khan et al., (2013) in Naran Valley. They reported

the largest family followed by Amaranthaceae.

52 families, containing101 vascular plant species.

The possible explanation of occurrence of Poaceae as a dominant family in these studies is due to habitat

Our results showed that the dominant family was

specificity, mostly these lie in dry sub– tropical zones

Asteraceae contributing 20 speciesto the total flora of

having harsh and dry climatic condition favoring

the region followed by Rosaceae having 14 species,

regeneration of grasses. Our area is mainly moist

Poaceae 12

temperate harboring rich species diversity of family

species, Primulaceae4

caryophyllaceae

and

Moraceae3

species and species

each.

Asteraceae. Results of our studies depicting richness

According to Stewart (1972) the dominant family was

of

Angiospermic

Asteraceae followed by Rosaceae and Poaceaein

Gymnosperms (2.97%) and Pteridophytes (2.16%).

Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Some other

Similar

studies also showed that these families to be the

explorations of Northern areas of Pakistan, by

major families in the flora of Pakistan (Ali, 1971 – 94;

Mehmood et al.,(2015), Haq et al.,(2015),Fazalet

Ali and Qaisar, 1995 – 2004). While a number of

al.,(2010), Qureshi and Bhatti, (2010), Saeedet

other studies showing poaceae as a dominant family

al.,(2012), Wariset al.,(2013), Khanet al.,(2013),

of certain areas of Pakistan.Musharaf et al., (2012)

Ilyaset al.,(2013), Shaheen et al., (2011), Tanvir et al.,

reported that Poaceae and Asteraceae weredominant

(2014).The current study will be helpful to unearth

families ofTehsil Takht– e– Nasrati, Pakistan.

the plant resources forvarious purposes.

167 | Khan et al.

results

flora were

(92.85%)

obtained

in

followed majority

by of

J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016

Fig. 2. Graphical representation of different groups of tracheophytes.

Fig. 3. Percentage of various families of vascular plants in Sathan Gali.

Acknowledgements

Ali SI, Qaiser M. 1986. A Phytogeographic Analysis

The credit of our research really goes to Department

of the Phanerogams of Pakistan and Kashmir,

of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra especially Dr.

Proceeding of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 89B,

Manzoor

89– 101.

Hussain

(Chairman)

and

Dr.Ghulam

Mujtaba Shah, Incharge Herbarium for their kind assistance during compilation of this research

Champion GH, Seth SK. 1965. Forest types of

article.We are also indebted to the Forest department

Pakistan. Pakistan Fore Institute, Peshawar.

and department of Botany GPGC, Mansehra for extending every possible co operations.

Fazal H, Ahmad N, Rashid A, Farooq S. 2010.

A checklist of phanerogamic – Flora of Haripur

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