Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language,
Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 7.278, www.srjis.com
PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, FEB-MAR, 2023, VOL-11/56
Hkkjr esa ‘kSf{kd tkx:drk ,oa efgyk vkRe&fuHkZjrk ¼orZeku ifjn`’;½
lR;sUnz flag , Ph.D.
vfl0izks0]f’k{kk’kkL= , ia0yks0‘k0Lo0la0ls0jktdh;egkfo|ky;]ekWV]eFkqjk
Paper Received On: 18 MAR 2023
Peer Reviewed On: 31 MAR 2023
Published On: 1 APRIL 2023
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
^^efgyk vkRe&fuHkZjrk** dh izfØ;k vkt uxjksa esa gh ugha] vfirq Hkkjrh; ijEijkxr xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa
esa Hkh fØ;k’khy gSA f’k{kk ds {ks= esa gh cky f’k{kk] izkS<+ f’k{kk vkSj L=h&f’k{kk ij fo’ks"k cy fn;k tk jgk gSA
iqjkuh ijEijkvksa o dqjhfr;k¡ R;kxus ds fy, vko’;d okrkoj.k dks Hkh mRiUu djus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk
gSA fookg vkSj lEifRr ds gLrkUrj.k ds ekeyksa esa U;kf;d lq/kkj ,oa efgykvksa ds f’kf{kr gksus ls ifjokjksa ds
ikjEifjd <k¡ps dk vk/kkj izHkkfor gqvk gSA mlus ifjokj esa lekurk ds fl)kUr dks ykxw fd;k gSA ftlls
efgykvksa dh lkekftd& vkfFkZd izfLFkfr rHkk Hkwfedk,a lq/kjh gSaA blh izdkj tkfr;ksa dh Hkh
ijEijkRed&Hkwfedk esa dkQh cnyko vk;k gSA nfyrksa esa ubZ psruk tkxh gSA jktuhfr esa tkfr;ksa dh c<+rh
Hkkxhnkjh( Hkkjrh; lekt esa c<+rs vk/kqfudhdj.k dk ifj.kke gSA vk/kqfud lekt esa lcdks lekurk dk
vf/kdkj izkIr gSA lkFk gh] Hkwfe&lq/kkjksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i d`f"k lEcU/kh lkekftd lajpuk esa Hkh lajpukRed
lq/kkj gqvk gSA
;fn efgykvksa ds ifjizs{; esa fopkj fd;k tk; rks eqxy lkezkT; dky ls gh Hkkjrh; ukjh dh n’kkvksa rFkk
lkekftd fLFkfr esa dkQh fxjkoV vkbZ3 ] ;Fkk inkZizFkk] L=h f’k{kk dh mis{kk] cky fookg izFkk] fo/kok fookg ij jksd] mRrjkf/kdkj dk u gksuk] lEifRr ij vf/kdkj u gksuk vkfn ,slh vusd lkekftd :f<+;k¡] Hkkjrh; ukjh dh fxjrh n’kkvksa gsrq fo’ks"kr% mRrjnk;h jgha gSaA4 18oha 'krkCnh ls ysdj 20oha 'krkCnh ds vkjEHk rd dk le; efgykvksa ds lkekftd iru dk le; ekuk tk ldrk gSA bl fn’kk esa vaxzstksa us Hkh dksbZ lkFkZd iz;kl ugha fd,] ftlds QyLo:i lekt lq/kkj gsrq czã lekt] vk;Z lekt vkfn vkUnksyu vo’; gq,]
ftuds izHkko ls Hkkjr esa efgykvksa ds lq/kkj lEcU/kh fodkl dh izfØ;k dk 'kqHkkjEHk gqvkA vk/kqfud ifjos’k ds
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
l`tu esa ifjorZudkjh vusd izfØ;k;sa vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSaA lk{kjrk rFkk f’k{kk dk forj.k
muesa ls ,d gSA5
Hkkjr dks vkUrfjd ekeyk le>dj vaxzstksa us bl vksj dksbZ /;ku ugha fn;kA Hkkjr ds Lora= gksus ds ckn Hkh
Hkkjr dh yksdfiz; ljdkjksa us Hkh yxHkx 10 o"kksZa rd bl vksj dksbZ fo’ks"k :fp ugha fn[kkbZ] ijUrq tgk¡ 49
izfr’kr efgyk,a tks ernkrk Fkha] ds erksa dh vko’;drk ljdkj cukus ds fy;s eglwl dh xbZ rc fof’k"V
lkekftd fo/kku] vf/kfu;e :i esa ikfjr fd, x, ;Fkk fo’ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e 1954] fgUnw fookg vf/kfu;e 1955] fgUnw mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 1956] lEifRr vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 1956] nRrd iq= vf/kfu;e 1956 vkfnA ljdkj us dkuwu vo’; cuk, ftlls de ls de dkuwuh rkSj ij rks efgykvksa dks dqN vf/kdkj vo’; izkIr gks x,] ysfdu ewY;ksa ls ca/kh gqbZ ijEijkvksa ds nk;js esa dSn vf’kf{kr efgyk;sa fo’ks”kr% xzkeh.k efgyk;sa bldk fo’ks"k ykHk izkIr ugha dj ldh gSaA9 Li"Vr% Lora=rk ds iwoZ ls gh L=h f’k{kk dks izksRlkgu iznku ugha fd;k x;k rFkk mldk izHkko Lora=rk ds i’pkr~ Hkh cuk jgkA ^fiNys nks n’kdksa ls f’k{kk dk Lrj rFkk izHkko {ks= vo’; c<+k rFkk fL=;ksa us Hkh bl fn’kk esa fo’ks"k :fp yh gSSA
izLrqr v/;;u m0 iz0 ds tuin eFkqjk ds 300 funf’kZrksa ds lk{kkRdkj ls izkIr izkFkfed rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr
gSA lHkh 300 U;kn’kksZa ¼150 iq:”k ,oa 150 efgyk;sa½ ls ^^efgyk vkRe&fuHkZjrk** ds lwpdksa ds izfr Hkh tkudkjh
izkIr dh gSA losZ{k.k v/;;u ls izkIr izkFkfed tkudkjh ij fuEu rkfydk;sa U;kn’kksZa ds vfHker n’kkZrh gS& rkfydk 1 % ‘kSf{kd tkx:drk ls ^^efgyk vkRe&fuHkZjrk** ds izHkkoksa ds izfr n`f”Vdksa.k
Øe Ekfgyvksa ij f’kf{kr gksus ds izHkko U;kn’kksZa ds vfHker ¼la[;k@izfr’kr½
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research
¼1½ foosdiw.kZ n`f”Vdks.k ¼js’kufyTe½ lwpd dh tkudkjh ds lUnHkZ esa 120¼40 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡]
60¼20 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us ugha] 60¼20 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk vfHker izdV fd, gSa rFkk 60¼20
izfr’kr½ U;kn’kZ vuqRrfjr jgs gSaA
¼2½ xfr’khyrk ¼ekWfcfyVh½ lwpd ds izfr tkudkjh ds lEcU/k esa 240¼80 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡] vkSj
60¼20 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk mRrj fn, gS tcfd dksbZ Hkh U;kn’kZ u rks vuqRrfjr jgk( vkSj u
fdlh us ^^ugha** esa mRrj iznku fd;k gSA
¼3½ f’k{kk o lk{kjrk ¼,tqds’ku o fyVjslh½ esa o`f) lwpdksa ds izfr tkudkjh ds lEcU/k esa 252¼84
izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡] 48¼16 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk vfHker izdV fd, gSa rFkk dksbZ Hkh U;kn’kZ bl iz’u ij vuqRrfjr ugha jgk gSA
¼4½ lapkj lEc)rk@lgHkkfxrk lwpd ds izfr tkudkjh ds lEcU/k esa 228¼76 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡]
60¼20 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk vfHker n’kkZ, gSa tcfd 12¼4 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kZ vuqRrfjr jgs gSaA
¼5½ miyfC/k&mUes”k ¼,sphoesUV vksfj;sUVs’ku½ lwpd ds izfr tkudkjh ds ckjs esa 192¼64 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡] 12¼4 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us ugha] 96¼32 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk n`f”Vdks.k n’kkZ, gSa tcfd ,d
Hkh U;kn’kZ bl iz’u ij vuqRrfjr ugh jgk gSA
¼6½ Lo&vkLFkk ¼lSYQ fjykbUl½ o Lo&ifjiw.kZrk ¼lSYQ lQhfl;sUlh½ lwpd dh tkudkjh ds lEcU/k esa
180¼60 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡] 12¼4 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us ugha] 96¼32 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk
n`f”Vdks.k
¼7½ jktuSfrd lgHkkfxrk @fodklksUeq[k n`f”Vdks.k lwpd ds ckjs esa 240¼80 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡] rFkk
60¼20 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk vfHker izdV fd, gSaA
¼8½ n`f”Vdks.k@eukso`fRr;ksa esa ifjorZu lwpd dh tkuh ds lEcU/k esa 270¼90 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡] 24¼8 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us ugha] rFkk 6¼2 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk vfHker izdV fd, gSaA
¼9½ :fp lfU/k;kstu ¼b.VjsLV vkfVZdqys’ku½ lwpd dh tkudkjh ds lEcU/k esa 180¼60 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡] 24¼8 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us ugha] 96¼32 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk vfHker izdV fd, gSaA
¼10½ thou ds izfr uohu izfreku fodflr gksuk lwpd dh tkudkjh ds lEcU/k esa 192¼64 izfr’kr½
U;kn’kksZa us gk¡] 24¼8 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us ugha] 84¼28 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk n`f”Vdks.k n’kkZ, gSa]
bl iz’u ij dksbZ Hkh lwpuknkrk vuqRrfjr ugha ik;k x;kA
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
¼11½ lkekftd O;oLFkk esa ifjorZu] lwpd dh tkudkjh ds lEcU/k esa 228¼76 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡]
48¼16 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us ugha] 24¼8 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk vfHker izdV fd, gSa( dksbZ Hkh
mRrjnkrk vuqRrfjr ugha ik;k x;k gSA
¼12½ fo’oklksa rFkk laLdkjksa esa ifjorZu] lwpd dh tkudkjh ds lEcU/k esa 240¼80 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us gk¡]
60¼20 izfr’kr½ U;kn’kksZa us rVLFk n`f”Vdks.k iznf’kZr fd, rFkk dksbZ Hkh U;kn’kZ vuqRrfjr ugha jgk gSA
fUk”d”kZ% izLrqr v/;;u ls izkIr rF;ksa ds fo’ys”k.k ls izkIr izeq[k fu”d”kZ fuEuor~~ gSa&
1- efgykvksa dks lekurk dk vf/kdkj izkIr gqvk gSA
2- HkkSfrdokfnrk@foykflrk ,oa O;fDrokfnrk c<+h gSA
3- orZeku lapkj lk/kuksa ds dkj.k] la;qDr ifjokj O;oLFkk dk fo/kVu gqvk gS] ,oa uXurk o v’yhyrk ijkslus ls u;h laLd`fr fodflr gqbZ gSA
4- o)tuksa ds izfr mis{kk dh Hkkouk esa o`f) gqbZ gS A
5- jgu&lgu Lrj ,oa lkekftd xfr’khyrk esa rqyukRed o`f) gqbZ gSA
lanHkZ%
oekZds0ih0 ¼2006½( foystst%,psysUt];kstuk]vad&20]la[;k&22]i`-56
f=ikBhlqjsUnz ¼2007½( Hkkjrh;lektfoKkuleh{kk¼fodkldslk¡Ld`frdvojks/k½lektfoKku foHkkx]dk’khfo’ofo|ky;okjk.klh]vad&20&21]i`”B62
ik.Ms;Mh0ds0 ¼2015½( Lora= Hkkjr esa L=h f’k{kk dk fodkl % uhfr;k¡ rFkk miyfC/k;k¡% lksly lkabfVLV]vDVwcj]Hkkx&13]i`”B18&19
xqIrkts-ds - ¼2015½( fn,sQyq,sUVlkslk;Vh]tktZ,fYou,.Mvufoufyfe - ifCyf’kaxdEiuh]i`”B
25&26
lDlSukih-,u - ¼2016½( vk/kqfudifjos’kesaefgykf’k{kk%,dv/;;u¼izdkf’kr‘kks/kizcU/k½fjlpZ
ifCyds’kUlt;iqj]jkt -]i`”B50
f}osnhts0ih0 ¼2016½( Lora=HkkjresaL=hf’k{kkdkfodkl]fo’ofo|ky;izdk’ku]pkSdokjk.klh]i`”B
146
HkVukxjih-ds - ¼2009½( vk/kqfudhdj.krFkkf’k{kk%,difjn`’;]ikiqyjizdk’kuckEcs]i`”B43
ik.Ms;ch-,y - ¼2005½( ^feuV~lvkWu,twds’ku*,fgLVªhvkWQbf.M;k]okY;we&2]i`”B12
,UMjlulh ¼2005½( fnekWMukZbts’kuvkQ,twds’ku]fnU;w,f’k;kifCyflaxdEiuh]U;w;kdZ¼esUVj cqDl½]ckY;we&2]i`”B18
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
ukFkiu/kkjh ¼2010½( fgUnwlektdhO;oLFkk ,oaefgykf’k{kk]ikWiqyjizdk’ku¼izk-fy-½ifCyllZ ,.MfMLVªhC;wVlZ]ubZfnYyh]i` - 241
QSMfjd,p - ¼2014½( ,stwds’ku% esu ikoj ,.M bdksukfed xzksFk] LVªsVht vkWQ º;weu fjlkslZ McyiesUV]eSdxzksfgycqddEiuh]U;w;kdZ]i`”V81
JhokLro,-,y - ¼2017½( tula[;ko`f),oalkekftdvkfFkZdfodkl]izdkf’kr‘kks/k&i=¼Hkkjrh;lekt foKkuleh{kk½vad&20]ch0,p0;w0izdk’ku]okjk.klh]i`”B59
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language