Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 7.278, www.srjis.com
PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, FEB-MAR, 2023, VOL-11/56
~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009 g§X^m©V nwUo ehamVrb _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m
emim§Zr Ho$boë`m A§_b~OmdUrMm Aä`mg
gm¡. {VIo {Z{b‘m Zmam¶U1 , Ph.D. & gm¡. ZrVm `ed§V qMMmobrH$a2
1gw^mfAÊUmHw$bAm°\EÁ¶wHo$eZ, ‘YwH$aZJa,nmQ>g,Vm.Xm¢S>,{O.nwUo.
2gh{e{jH$m,IS>H$sH°$ÝQ>moÝ‘o§Q>~moS>m©Mr,{OOm‘mVmn«mW{‘H$emim,IS>H$s,nwUo3.
Paper Received On: 18 MAR 2023
Peer Reviewed On: 31 MAR 2023
Published On: 1 APRIL 2023
Abstract
""~mbH$m§À`m_mo\$VgŠVrÀ`m{ejUmMmhŠH$A{Y{Z`_2009''hmH$m`Xmg§nyU©Xoe^a(Oå_yAm{UH$mí_ra dJiyZ){X.1E{àb2010nmgyZbmJyPmbm.86ì`mKQ>ZmXwê$ñVrZwgmaamÁ`KQ>Zo_Ü`o21(H$)`m{ejU hŠH$ H$b_m§Mmg_mdoeH$aÊ`mVAmbm. `m A{Y{Z`_m§À`m AZwf§JmZo _hmamï> emgZmZo ~mbH$m§À¶m _mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMmhŠH${Z`_2011hr{Z`_mdbrV`maHo$br.`mA{Y{Z`_mVH|$ÐemgZ,amÁ`emgZ,ñWm{ZH$,àm{YH$aU emim ì`dñWmnZg{_Vr,nmbH$,{ejH$d_w»`mÜ`mnH$B.KQ>H$m§À`mO~m~Xmè`mZ_yXH$aÊ`mVAmë`m.`mgdmªZr Amnmnë`mO~m~Xmè`mH$moUË`mAmhoV? `mMr_m{hVrKoVbrdH$m`Úm§MmAä`mgH$ê$ZA_§b~OmdUrggwê$dmVHo$br. ‘w»¶g§H$ënZm… ~mbH$m§À`m_mo\$VdgŠVrÀ`m{ejUmMmhŠH$A{Y{Z`_2009A§_b~OmdUrMmAä`mg.
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
àñVmdZm…
""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' `m H$m`ÚmMm g_J« {dMma
Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`mV AZoH$ _wÚm§Mm g_mdoe Amho. `m joÌmV H$m_ H$aUmao {dÚmWu, {ejH$, nmbH$ d {ejU {d^mJmVrb joÌr` A{YH$mè`m§À`m Zoh_r X¡Z§{XZ H$m_mer {ZJS>rV AgUmè`m _wÚm§{df`r n[a{MV ñdê$nmV hm
H$m`Xm Ë`m§À`mg_moa Amë`mda Ë`m§Zr Ë`mMr A_§b~OmdUr H$er Ho$brŸ? Am{U `m H$m`Úm§_wio H$mhr ~§YZo {Z_m©U
Pmbr AmhoV H$m? Vr `eñdrnUo nyU© hmoÊ`mgmR>r emim§Zr `m H$m`Úm§Mr A_§b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVo n[adV©Z
KS>dyZ AmUbo? ho g_OÊ`mgmR>r `m {df`mda g§emoYZ Ho$bo Amho.
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
{ef©H$: ""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' g§X^m©V nwUo ehamVrb _amR>r
_mÜ`_m§À`m emim§Zr Ho$boë`m A_§b~OmdUrMm Aä`mg.
g§emoYZ g_ñ`oMo {dYmZ : nwUo ehamVrb _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m emim§Zr ""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_
2009'' ¶m H$m¶ÚmÀ¶m A_§b~OmdUrMm Aä`mg.
H$m`m©Ë_H$ ì`m»`m :
1 ""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' 6 Vo 14 d`moJQ>mVrb ~mbH$m§gmR>r hm
H$m`Xm Xoe^a (Oå_y Am{U H$mí_ra dJiyZ) {X. 1 E{àb 2010 nmgyZ bmJy H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
2 nwUo eha : nwUo {OëømVrb hdobr VmbwŠ`mVrb _hmZJa.
3 _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m emim : _amR>r ^mfoVyZ {ejU XoUmè`m emim.
4 A_§b~OmdUr : emgZmÀ`m {Z`_mdbr A§VJ©V Ho$bobm H$m`Xm à^mdrnUo am~{dUo.
5 Aä`mg: 6 Vo 14 d`moJQ>mVrb ~mbH$m§gmR>r Ho$boë`m H$m`Úm§À`m A§_b~OmdUrMo AÜ``Z.
g§emoYZmMr JaO:
""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' øm‘Yrb gd© H$m¶Úm§Mm gImob Aä¶mg
H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. ¶m H$m`Úm‘wio {ejU joÌmVrb n[adV©Z H$go Pmbo Amho ho nhmUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. ˶mdê$Z
A‘§b~OmdUrÀ¶m gÚ…pñWVr~m~V ‘m{hVr H$ê$Z `m gŠVrÀ`m H$m`Úm§Mo n[aUm_ bjmV KoUo JaOoMo Amho .
g§emoYZmMr _hÎd :
1 {dÚmÏ`mªMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg gmYUo ho {ejUmMo _hÎdmMo C{Ôï> gmÜ` H$aVmZm ""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V
gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' ho H$m`Xo _hÎdmMo R>aVmV.
2 `m A{Y{Z`_m§Mr A_§b~OmdUr H$aVmZm emim§Zm `oUmè`m AZw^dm§Mm Aä`mg H$aUo _hÎdmMo Amho.
3 `m A{Y{Z`_m§À`m H$m`Úm§Zm {d{dY AmìhmZm§Zm gm_moao OmVmZm embo` ì`dñWmnZ g{‘VrMr _mZ{gH$Vm d
gm_Ï`© nmhUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
g§emoYZmMr C{ÔîQ>o :
1 _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m emim§_Ü`o ""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' Zwgma
A_§b~OmdUrMm Aä`mg H$aUo.
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
2 `m A{Y{Z`_m§Mr A_§b~OmdUr H$aVmZm emim§Zm `oUmè`m AS>MUtMm emoY KoU.
3 `m A{Y{Z`_m_wio embo` ì`dñWmnZmVrb n[adV©ZmMm AmT>mdm KoUo.
4 ~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009 À¶mg§X^m©V emioVrb ‘w»¶mܶmnH$, {ejH$ d nmbH$m§Zm Agbobr ‘m{hVr KoUo.
5 ~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ 2009 Zwgma Pmboë¶m ~Xbm§Mr _m{hVr KoUo.
6 ~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 À¶m H$m¶Úm‘ܶ Cnm¶¶moOZm gwM{dUo.
J¥{hVHo :
1 emim§Zm `m H$m`ÚmMr A_§b~OmdUr H$aVmZm AS>MUr `oVmV.
2 A{Y{Z`_ 2009 `m H$m`Úm§_wio {ejU joÌmV n[adV©Z Pmbo Amho.
3 A{Y{Z`_ 2009 `m H$m`Úm§Zm {ejU joÌmVrb H$mhr KQ>H$m§Mm CËñ\y$V© à{VgmX Amho.
4 `m H$m`ÚmMr A_§b~OmdUr H$aVmZm {ejU joÌmVrb H$mhr KQ>H$m§Mm ZH$mamWu Ñï>rH$moZ Amho.
n[aH$ënZm : ""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' `m H$m`ÚmMr nwUo ehamVrb _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m emim§_Yrb A_§b~OmdUrZwgma emim§Vrb àJVrV bjUr` \$aH$ nS>Vmo.
eyÝ` n[aH$ënZm : ""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' `m H$m`ÚmMr nwUo ehamVrb _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m emim§_Yrb A_§b~OmdUrZwgma emim§Vrb àJVrV gmW© \$aH$ nS>V Zmhr.
ì`már, _`m©Xm Am{U n[a_`m©Xm :
ì`már : àñVwV g§emoYZ ho nwUo ehamVrb 51 _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m emim§er Am{U ""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m
{ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' `m H$m`Úm§Mr A_§b~OmdUrMm Aä`mg `mÀ`mer g§~§{YV Amho.
_`m©Xm : 1 àñVwV g§emoYZ ho nwUo eham§Vrb 51 emim§nwaVoM _`m©{XV Amho.
2 àñVwV g§emoYZ ho nwUo eham§Vrb {ZdS>boë`m 51 emim§Vrb _w»`mÜ`mnH$, {ejH$ d nmbH$ `m§À`mnwaVoM
_`m©{XV AmhoV.
3 àñVwV g§emoYZ ho nwUo ehamVrb _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m emionwaVoM _`m©{XV AmhoV.
4 àñVwV g§emoYZmgmR>r àíZmdbr d _wbmIVtgmR>r nwUo eham§Vrb 51 _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m emim§_Yrb 51
_w»`mÜ`mnH$, 100 {ejH$ d 51 nmbH$m§nwaVr _`m©{XV Amho.
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
g§emoYZ nÕVr: àñVV g§emoYZ ho gÚ:pñWVr Aä`mgë`mZo gd}jU nÕVrMm Cn`moJ Ho$bm Amho.
Z‘wZm {ZdS>: àñVV g§emoYZmVrb nwUo ehamVrb _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m 51 emim§Mr {ZdS> Ho$br Amho.
1) _w»`mÜ`mnH$ : {ZdS>boë`m àË`oH$ emioVrb 51 _w»`mÜ`mnH$
2) {ejH$ : {ZdS>boë`m àË`oH$ emioVrb XmoZ {ejH$ ¶mn«‘mUo EHy$U 100 {ejH$
3) nmbH$ : {ZdS>boë`m emim§n¡H$s 51 nmbH$ _m{hVr g§H$bZ gmYZo : nwUo ehamVrb _amR>r _mÜ`_m§À`m emim§_YyZ _w»`mÜ`mnH$, {ejH$, nmbH$ `m§À`mVyZ _m{hVr Jmoim H$aÊ`mgmR>r ImbrbàH$maMr gmYZo dmnaÊ`mV `oUma AmhoV.
1. àíZmdbr 2. _wbmIV 3. joÌ^oQ>
g§»`memñÌr` gmYZo :
1. eoH$S>odmar 2. AmboI ‘w»¶mܶmnH$m§Zr {Xboë¶m boIr àíZmdbrZwgma g§H${bV {díbofU …
àmá g§H${bV ‘m{hVrZwgma Ago {ZXe©Zmg Ambo H$s, ~mcH$m§À¶m ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$
A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 g§X^m©Vrb ‘w»¶mܶmnH$m§Zr {Xboë¶m ‘m{hVrZwgma 94.12% emim§Zr emim~mø ~mbH$m§Mo gd}jU
Ho$bo Amho, VodT>oM åhUOo 94.12% à‘mUmV emioÀ¶m H$m¶©joÌmV d¶mZwê$n g‘H$j dJm©V àdoe {Xbm Amho.
~mbñZohr {ejU {‘i{dʶmgmR>r gw{dYm CnbãY Amho. 100% à‘mUmV àdoenmÌ {dÚm϶mªMm àdoe
A{Y{Z¶‘m§à‘mUo hmoVmo, ˶m‘ܶo gdmªZm g‘mZ g§Yr, àmW{‘H$ {ejU nyV©Vm à‘mUnÌ ‘mJUr Ho$ë¶mg hñVm§VaU
à‘mU {Xbo OmVo, VgoM ~mbH$m§Mr ‘m{hVr {d{hV Z‘wݶmV Zm|X{dʶmV Ambr Amho. {ejH$-{dÚmWu n«‘mUmV Amho.
86.21% ‘wbm§Mr 100% nQ>Zm|XUr d Cn{ñWVr hmoVo. 98.04% emim§‘YyZ ^¶‘w³V dmVmdaUmV emar[aH$ d
‘mZ{gH$ {ejm Z XoVm {dÚm϶mªZm g‘mZ g§Yr d g‘mZ dmJUyH$ {Xbr OmVo. 96.08% emim§‘YyZ ~mbH$m§Zm
àdoe XoVmZm H$moU˶mhr àH$maMr ’r qH$dm XoUJr ñdê$nmV KoVbr OmV Zmhr. 68.63% emioÀ¶m ‘m{hVr \bH$mda
ZmJ[aH$m§gmR>r Om{hanUo ~mbH$m§Mr Zmdo à˶oH$ gÌmnydu àX{e©V Ho$br OmVmV. 84.31% ~mbH$m§Mr MmiUr
à{H«$¶m àdoemdoir KoʶmV Ambr Zmhr. 94.11% emim§‘ܶo e¡j{UH$ dfm© AIoarVyZ g§H${bV ‘y붑mnZmÀ¶m qH$dm
BVa H$maUm§‘wio EImÚm ~mbH$mg ˶mM dJm©V R>odʶmV Ambo Zmhr Aer ‘m{hVr g§H$bZmÛmao {‘imbr.
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
(Pg.
‘w»¶mܶmnH$ ‘wbmIV…
~mcH$m§À¶m ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 hm A{Y{Z¶‘ E{àb 2010 ‘ܶo bmJy
Pmbm. ¶m A{Y{Z¶‘mMr A‘§b~OmdUr emgZ {Z¶‘mZwgma Mmby Amho. ‘w»¶mܶnH$ {Z¶‘m§Mr A‘§b~OmdUrgmR>r
à¶ËZerb Amho. ¶m A{Y{Z¶‘m§‘wio VimJmimVrb d gd© ~mbH$m§Zm ‘mo’$V d g³VrMo {ejU {‘idʶmgmR>r emgZ
{d{dY gw{dYm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoV Amho. {dÚm϶mªg ¶oUmè¶m gd© AS>MUtMm {dMma H$ê$Z {d{dY ¶moOZm am~{dV
Amho. ~mbH$m§Zm XO}Xma d AmZ§XXm¶r {ejU XoD$Z gd©JwUg§nÝZ ~Z{dʶmgmR>r {d{dY CnH«$‘ am~{dbo OmV Amho.
¶m A{Y{Z¶‘m§Zwgma à˶oH$ ~mbH$mg {ejU XoD$Z ˶mMm {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUʶmgmR>r à¶ËZ Ho$bo OmV Amho.
¶m A{Y{Z¶‘§mMr A‘§b~OmdUr H$aVmZm H$mhr emim§‘YyZ {d{dY g‘ñ¶m§Zm gmoS>{dʶmgmR>r ‘w»¶mܶmnH$m§Zm
{d{dY à¶ËZ H$amdo bmJVmV. nmbH$ A{e{jV d Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm ‘mJmgbobo Agë¶mZo nQ>Zm|XUr Pmbr Var
CnpñWVr~m~V CXm{gZ Amho. ˶m§À¶m H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ g‘ñ¶o‘wio Vo ‘wbm§À¶m {ejUmg A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoV Zmhr, VgoM
H$mhr emim§‘YyZ H$mhr {dÚm϶mªg n[adhZ ì¶dñWm Zgë¶mZo ‘wbo CnpñWV ahmV Zmhr. H$mhr ‘wbo Amnë¶m bhmZ
^md§S>mg gm§^miʶmgmR>r Kar amhVmV. nmbH$m§Zm g‘wnXoeZ H$ê$Zhr {ejUmMo ‘hÎd OmUyZ KoV Zmhr, ˶mgmR>r
{ejH$m§g gVV J¥h^oQ>r Úmì¶m bmJVmV.
embo¶ {eñV hm A˶§V ‘hÎdmMm ^mJ Amho, ˶mgmR>r ‘w»¶mܶmnH$ gVV à¶ËZ H$aVmV. ‘wbm§Zm {dídmgmV
KoD$Z ñd¶§{eñV bmdʶmgmR>r à¶ËZ H$aVmV d {dÚm϶mª‘ܶo Mm§Jbm ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUʶmgmR>r à¶ËZ H$aV Amho, na§Vw nmbH$m§Zm emim ì¶dñWmnZ g{‘VrMr Amdí¶H$ V>r ‘m{hVr Zmhr H$maU ~hþVoH$ nmbH$dJ© A{e{jV Amho. ‘w»¶mܶmnH$m§Zm embo¶ H$m‘H$mOmì¶{V[a³V H$m‘mMm ~moOm A{YH$ Agë¶mMo H$mhr ‘w»¶mܶmnH$m§Zr gm§{JVbo. CXm.
gd© ‘m{hVr Am°ZbmB©Z AnS>oQ²> (Online Update) H$aUo åhUOoM {Oëhm n[afX d H|$Ð gaH$maZo gVV Ho$boë¶m
‘mJUrÛmao ‘m{hVr ^aVmZm gVV Server down hmoʶm‘wio doi A{YH$ bmJVmo. {d{dY embo¶ AZwXmZ Amë¶mg
~±H$ ì¶dhma, ˶mVrb {hemo~ R>odUo, gVV ‘m{hVr nwa{dUo. ‘ܶmÝh ^moOZm~m~V ‘m{gH$ [anmoQ>©, amoOÀ¶m Zm|Xr
R>odUo. {d{dY emgH$s¶ ¶moOZm§‘ܶo gh^mJ CXm. V§~mIy {Z¶§ÌU g{‘Vr, BVa emgH$s¶ nÌì¶dhma, gVV emgH$s¶ ‘m{hVr XoV amhUo ˶m‘wio {dÚmWv~m~V Ho$boë¶m {Z¶moOZm§Mr A§‘b~OmdUr H$aVmZm doi Anwam nS>Vmo, VgoM nQ>g§»¶m H$‘r AgUmè¶m emioV ³bmH©$ d {enmB© CnbãY Zgë¶mZo Vr H$m‘ogwÜXm ‘w»¶mܶmnH$m§ZmM H$amdr
bmJVmV. embo¶ XmIbo, BVa H$m¶m©b¶rZ H$m‘o, embo¶ gm{h˶ AmUUo, dñVy§Mr XoIaoI, Zm|Xr H$aUo, B. H$m‘
Agë¶mZo ‘hÎdmMo {dÚmWu hm ^mJ H|$ÐrV ahmV Zmhr. H$maU nQ>g§»¶m H$‘r AgUmè¶m emioV 6 Vo 14
d¶moJQ>mVrb ‘wbo bhmZ AgVmV, ˶mgmR>r gVV bj XoD$Z ˶m dJm©V ‘w»¶mܶmnH$m§Zm Aܶ¶Z AܶmnZ H$aVmZmM
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
BVahr ‘hÎdmMr H$m‘o H$aʶmgmR>r {ejH$m§Mr ‘XV ¿¶mdr bmJVo. ˶m‘wio A§‘b~OmdUr H$aVmZm ‘w»¶mܶmnH$m§g
doi H$‘r nS>Vmo. ¶m‘ܶo H$mhr gm‘m{OH$ g§ñWm, àm{YH$aUmVrb ZmJarH$ emiog ^oQ>r XoD$Z {d{dY ¶moOZm
am~{dʶmg ‘XV H$aVmV. embo¶ gm{h˶ nwadVmV, g‘mOmVrb ~è¶mM g§ñWm§Mo bj embo¶ {dH$mgmH$S>o ¶m
A{Y{Z¶‘m§‘wio H|$ÐrV Pmbo Amho. ˶m‘wio embo¶ {dH$mgmg ‘XV hmoV Amho.
{ejH$m§Zr {Xboë¶m boIr àíZmdbrZwgma g§H${bV {díbofU …
‘m{hVr g§H$bZmÛmao {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z ~mcH$m§À¶m ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009
H$m¶ÚmMr A§‘b~OmdUr H$aVmZm Ago {ZXe©Zmg Ambo H$s, 100% n[agamVrb emim~mø ‘wbm§Mm emoY KodyZ
nQ>Zm|XUr Ho$br Amho. {ejH$ H$m¶©emim à{ejUmV gh^mJ KoVmV, VgoM g§H${bV Zm§oXnÌH$ A§V^y©V AgUmar
Zm|Xdhr (à˶oH$ ~mbH$m§gmR>r) Rodbobr Amho. nQ>Zm|XUrZwgma CnpñWVr~m~V gd© {ejH$ n«¶ËZ H$aVmV.
Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr A§‘b~OmdUrMo {Z¶moOZ H$aVmV. ~mbH|$ÐrV d ~mbgwb^ nÜXVrZo {dÚm϶mªZm {ejU XoVmV.
nmbH$g^oV nmbH$m§er gwg§dmX H$ê$Z ~mbH$mÀ¶m àJVrV nmbH$m§Mo ghH$m¶© {‘idVmV d ~mbH$m§Mr JiVr
amoIʶmgmR>r {deof n«¶ËZ H$aVmV. 93% emioV H$moU˶mhr ~mbH$mbm em[aarH$ qH$dm ‘mZ{gH$ {ejm XoʶmV
Ambr Zmhr. 95% emioV {ZH$fmZwgma BVa gd© ^m¡{VH$ gmYZo/ gw{dYm CnbãY Amho. 98% emim§‘YyZ
à{e{jV {ejH$ AmhoV, VgoM Vod>T>çmM n«‘mUmV AàJV {dÚm϶mªZm A{V[a³V nyaH$ {ejU/ ‘mJ©Xe©Z {ejH$
XoVmV. Aܶ¶Z AܶmnZmV CnH«$‘, emoY d g§emoYZ ¶m ‘mܶ‘m§Mm Cn¶moJ H$aVmV. 99% {ejH$ ho Aä¶mgH«$‘
{Z¶moOZmn«‘mUo nyU© H$aVmV. 94% à‘mUmV {ejH$ ~mbH$mbm g§nmXUyH$ nmVirn¶ªV AmUʶmgmR>r n[afXoZo V¶ma
Ho$bobr hñVnwpñVHo$Mm Cn¶moJ {dÚm϶mªgmR>r H$aVmV. Aem àH$mao A§‘b~OmdUr g§X^m©V ‘m{hVr {ZXe©Zmg Ambr.
{ejH$ ‘wbmIV…
"~mcH$m§À¶m ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009' hm ~mbH|$ÐrV A{Y{Z¶‘ H$m¶Xm Amho.
~mbH$m§À¶m h³H$m§Mo g§ajU H$aUo, ~mbH$m§g Mm§Jbo ‘yë¶ AmYmarV {ejU ho AܶmnZ H$aVmZm {d{dY gm{h˶, CnH«$‘, àH$ën, ñdmܶm¶, Ioi, gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m¶©H«$‘, B˶mXr Ûmao hgV-IoiV, AmZ§XmZo Úmd¶mMo {ejU Amho.
{ejH$ ¶mgmR>r à¶ËZerb Amho. {ejH$ gd}jU H$ê$Z emim~mø ‘wbo emioV AmUVmV, na§Vw g‘H$j dJm©V àdoe
{Xë¶mg d {deof ~mbHo$ dJm©V Agë¶mg {ejH$m§Zm AܶmnZmg AS>MUr {Z‘m©U hmoVmV. {deof ‘wbm§Zm A{YH$ doi
Úmdm bmJVmo, ˶m§À¶m JVrZo AܶmnZ H$amdo bmJVo. BVa {dÚm϶mªMm Aä¶mg {Z¶moOZmn«‘mUo nyU© H$aʶmg AS>MUr
¶oVmV. g‘H$j dJm©Vrb àdoenmÌ {dÚmWu ¶m§À¶mVrb ݶyZJ§S> d {^Vr Xÿa H$aʶmg {deof à¶ËZ H$amdo bmJVmV.
{ejH$ Vo H$aVmV, na§Vw {ejH$m§Zm AܶmnZmgmR>r doi H$‘r {‘iVmo d ˶m§Zm BVahr Ae¡j{UH$ H$m‘ohr AgVmV.
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
CXm. BLO – Booth Level Officer. H$b‘ 25 d 27 Zwgma {ejH$m§Zm ‘VXmZmMo H$m‘, OZJUZoMo
H$m‘ Agbo Var BLO ho gVV 5 Vo 7 df©o H$m‘ {ejH$ H$aV AmhoV. ¶m‘ܶo ‘VXma ¶mÚm ~ZdUo, \moQ>mo dmQ>n, ‘VXmZ OZOmJ¥Vr ¶m‘wio BLO Zm H$m‘m§gmR>r doi Úmdm bmJVmo. ˶mMà‘mUo ‘wbm§Mo AmYmaH$mS>©~m~V {ejH$m§Zm
H$m‘ {Xbo Amho. nmbH$ A{e{jV Agë¶m‘wio {ejH$m§Zm gVV nmR>nwamdm H$amdm bmJVmo, ˶mV AmYmaH$mS>©~m~V
AZoH$ AS>MUr ¶oVmV ¶m‘ܶo ‘wbm§Mo OÝ‘mMo XmIbo, ˶m§À¶m ~moQ>m§Mo R>go C‘Q>V Zmhr ˶m‘wio {ejH$m§Zm ‘wbm§Zm
KoD$Z ~wWda Omdo bmJVo. H$mhr emim§‘ܶo ‘wbm§Zm ~±H$ ImVr CKS>ʶmgmR>r {ejH$m§ZmM KoD$Z Omdo bmJVo Aem
{d{dY H$m‘m§‘wio AܶmnZ H$aʶmg H$‘r doi {‘iVmo åhUOoM ¶m A{Y{Z¶‘mÀ¶m A‘§b~OmdUrZwgma {dÚmWu
H|$ÐrV {ejU hm ^mJ ~mOybmM amhV Amho.
ImOJr {eH$dUr~m~V H$mhr {ejH$m§À¶m ‘Vo JaO Amho Va H$mhr {ejH$m§À¶m ‘Vo JaO dmQ>V Zmhr Ago
g‘O>Vo. H$mhr emim§‘ܶo nQ>g§»¶m A{YH$ Amho Va H$mhr emim§Vrb ‘wbm§Zm 춳VrJV ‘mJ©Xe©ZmMr JaO AgVo.
˶mgmR>r {ejH$ Amnë¶m AZw^dmZwgma ˶m {dÚm϶mªZm ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$ê$ eH$VmV na§Vw ˶m {ejH$m§Zr ˶mMm ì¶dgm¶
åhUyZ dmna H$ê$ Z¶o åhUOoM {dÚm϶mªZm qH$dm nmbH$m§Zm g³Vr H$ê$ Z¶o. ImOJr {eH$dUrV {d{dY emioVrb
{dÚm϶mªZm {ejH$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$ê$ eH$VmV. {ejH$ AàJV {dÚm϶mªgmR>r {d{dY JwUXe©ZmMo H$m¶©H«$‘, {d{dY
ñnYm©, Ioi, ~mbg^m, dmMZ-boIZ CnH«$‘, Jm¶Z-Z¥Ë¶-d³V¥Ëd ñnYm©, {d{dY gm{h˶ hmVmiʶmg {Xbo OmVo
Aem n«H$mao A{YH$m{YH$ nyaH$ d A{V[a³V ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$ê$Z VgoM ‘mJrb dfuÀ¶m B¶Îmm§‘Yrb ˶m§Mr j‘Vm àmá
H$ê$Z XoʶmgmR>r à¶ËZ Ho$bo OmVmV.
~mcH$m§À¶m ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 ¶m ~mbH|$ÐrV {ejUm‘wio ~mbH$m§‘ܶo
Mm§Jbo ~Xb {XgyZ ¶oVmV. ~mbH$m§Zm AmZ§XXm¶r d kmZ aMZmdmXr {ejUm‘wio emioV ¶oʶmg AmZ§X dmQ>Vmo. ñd¶§
Aܶ¶ZmMr gd¶ bmJVo, g¥OZmË‘H$ JwU dmT>rg bmJVmV, AܶmnH$ d {dÚmWr© ¶m§À¶m‘Yrb Xar H$‘r hmoVmZm
{XgVo, {dÚmWu H$moU˶mhr XS>nUmImbr {ejU KoV Zmhr Va ‘Z‘moH$ionUo d AmZ§XmZo d ghOnUo AZm¡nMm[aH$
nÜXVrZo {ejUmMm AmñdmX KoVmV. gd© gwgÁO gw{dYm, Vm§{ÌH$ V§ÌkmZ Cn¶moJr {ejU A{YH$ à^mdr hmoV Amho.
à˶oH$ {dÚmWu emioV ¶oʶmgmR>r gm‘m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$sVyZ {d{dY g§ñWm H$m¶©aV Pmë¶m‘wio g‘mOmV {ejUm{df¶r
OmJ¥Vr {Z‘m©U hmoV Amho. EH$ àH$maMo n[adV©Zerb {ejU {dÚm϶mªg {‘iV Amho.
nmbH$m§À¶m boIr àíZmdbrZwgma g§H${bV {díbofU…
àmá g§H${bV ‘m{hVrZwgma ~mcH$m§À¶m ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 Mr H$mhr
nmbH$m§Zm ‘m{hVr Zgë¶mMo {ZXe©Zmg Ambo. 67% nmbH$m§Zm ¶m A{Y{Z¶‘mMr ‘m{hVr H$mhr à‘mUmV Amho,
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
˶mVrb 94% nmbH$ ho nmbH$g^oMo g^mgX AmhoV. nmbH$g^og hOa amhÿZ MM}V ^mJ KoVmV, na§Vw 70% nmbH$m§Zm embo¶ ì¶dñWmnZ g{‘VÀ¶m H$m¶m©Mr H$mhr à‘mUmV ‘m{hVr Amho. gm‘m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$sVyZ 98% nmbH$
embo¶ àJVrgmR>r AJ«oga AmhoV. {dÚm϶mªZm JaOoZwgma A{V[a³V nyaH$ {ejU d ‘mJ©Xe©Z 95% à‘mUmV {ejH$
XoV AmhoV, ˶m‘wio CnpñWV nmbH$m§Zm {dÚm϶mªÀ¶m àJVr{df¶r ‘m{hVr {‘imbr.
nmbH$ ‘wbmIV…
nmbH$m§Zm nmbH$ åhUyZ Amnë¶m nmë¶mMr H$miOr AmhoM, Amnë¶m nmë¶mZo emioV Omdo, Mm§Jbo {ejU
¿¶mdo Ago n«Ë¶oH$ nmbH$mbm dmQ>Vo. ˶mgmR>r H$mhr nmbH$ à¶ËZ H$aV AmhoV, Vo nmbH$ emioV {Z¶{‘V OmD$Z
Amnë¶m nmë¶mMr ‘m{hVr KoV AgVmV, AmhoV. VgoM H$mhr nmbH$ embo¶ ì¶dñWmnZ g{‘VrMo g^mgXgwÜXm
AmhoV. na§Vw gXñ¶ åhUyZ Amnë¶m n[agamVrb gd© nmbH$m§Zm JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejU {‘iob ¶mMr H$miOr KoUo hr
Amnbr O~m~Xmar Amho d {ejU h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘mà‘mUo Amnbr ^y{‘H$m H$m¶ Amho ¶mMm ~moY ˶m§Zm ñnï> hmoV
Zmhr. ˶m‘wio emim ì¶dñWmnZ g{‘Vr g§X^m©V ˶m§À¶m ‘ZmV AZoH$ àíZ C^o ahmV AmhoV. g{‘VrMr aMZm, H$V©ì¶o d O~m~Xmar ¶mMr ì¶dpñWV ‘m{hVr H$mhr nmbH$m§Zm A{O~mV Zmhr. nmbH$ ho nmbH$g^og hOa amhÿZ
Amnë¶m nmë¶mMr e¡j{UH$ àJVr{df¶r, emioVrb CnpñWVr VgoM BVa {dÚm϶mªer dV©UyH$ ¶mg§~§Yr Amdí¶H$ Vr
‘m{hVr {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z KoV AgVmV
gd©gmYmaU {ZîH$f© …
1 ~mbH$m§À¶m ‘mo’V g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 g§X^m©V ~hþVoH$ ‘m{hVr H$mhr OUm§Zm
Amho.
2 emim~mø ‘wbm§Zm {ejU àdmhmV AmUVmZm {d{dY AS>MUr ¶oVmV.
3 g‘H$j dJm©V àdoe {Xë¶mg ~mbH$m§g AܶmnZmg AS>MUr ¶oVmV.
4 AܶmnZ H$aVmZm {ejH$m§Zm doi d Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrb {Z¶moOZmV bd{MH$Vm R>odmdr bmJVo.
5 {deof ~mbH$m§Zm AܶmnZ H$aVmZm BVa {dÚm϶mªÀ¶m AܶmnZmgmR>r {Z¶moOZ doJio H$amdo bmJVo.
6 Ae¡j{UH$ H$m‘mMm n[aUm‘ dJ© H$m¶m©da hmoVmo.
7 emim ì¶dñWmnZ g{‘VrÛmao am~{dë¶m OmUmè¶m embo¶ {dH$mg ¶moOZm§Mr H$mhtZm ‘m{hVr Amho.
8 100 Q>³Ho$ nQ>Zm|XUr d CnpñWVrgmR>r à¶ËZ H$aVmZm J¥h^oQ>r d nmbH$m§À¶m, ~mbH$m§À¶m g‘ñ¶oMm n[aUm‘ AܶmnZmda hmoVmo.
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
9 ‘w»¶mܶmnH$m§Zm nmbH$, {ejH$ d ~mbH$ ¶m§À¶mVrb Xþdm åhUyZ H$m¶© H$aVmZm {d{dY g‘ñ¶m gmoS>{dʶmV
A{YH$ H$m¶© H$amdo bmJVo.
10 embo¶ {eñV d AàJV {dÚm϶mªgmR>r H$m‘ H$aVmZm {d{dY CnH«$‘ gVV am~dmdo bmJVmV.
{e’maer…
1 100 Q>³Ho$ nQ>Zm|XUr d CnpñWVr g§X^m©V emim§gmo~V gm‘m{OH$ g§ñWm§M A{YH$ ghH$m¶© ¿¶mdo
2 emim~mø ‘wbm§gmR>r à˶oH$ emim§‘YyZ nmbH$m§Zm g‘wnXoeZ d n[adhZ ì¶dñWm {‘imdr.
3 g³VrMo {ejU XoʶmgmR>r A{YH$ AQ>r nmbH$m§Zm Kmbmì¶mV.
4 {deof ~mbH$m§gmR>r {ejH$m§Zm à{ejU {Xbo Omdo qH$dm à˶oH$ emioV {deof ~mbH$m§gmR>r EH$ {ejH$ Agmdm.
5 g‘H$j dJm©V n«doe XoVmZm àW‘ ˶mg emimnyd© à{ejU Úmdo.
6 n[adV©Z H$ê$Z embo¶ {eñVrgmR>r g‘wnXoeZmMm Vmg {Z¶moOZmV Agmdm.
7 àmW{‘H$ {ejU nyV©Vm à‘mUnÌmgmR>r nm¶m^yV MmMUr KoDZ à‘mUnÌ Úmdo.
8 Ae¡j{UH$ H$m‘ …- AmYmaH$mS>© H$mT>Uo, ~±H$ ImVr H$mT>Uo, B˶mXtgma»¶m H$m‘m§Mm {ejH$m§À¶m AܶmnZ {Z¶moOZmda n[aUm‘ hmoVmo, Aem H$m‘m§gmR>r EImÚm H$‘©Mmè¶mMr Zo‘UyH$ H$amdr.
9 {ZdS>UyH$m (H$b‘ 25 d 27) Zwgma {ejH$m§Zm OZJUZm d {ZdS>UwH$m§Mo H$m‘ Agbo Var BLO (Booth Level Officer) Mo H$m‘ gVV gamgar 5 df} H$amdo bmJV Agë¶m§‘wio {dÚm϶mªMo e¡j{UH$ ZwH$gmZ A{YH$ hmoV, ˶m‘wio ¶m H$m‘mgmR>r Xþgar n¶m©¶r ì¶dñWm H$amdr.
10 n«^mdr A§‘b~OmdUrgmR>r à˶oH$ H$b‘ am~dVmZm ¶oUmè¶m AS>MUtMo g§emoYZ hmoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
nwT>rb g§emoYZmgmR>r {df¶…
1 AܶmnZmV {ejH$m§Zr {deof ‘wbm§gmR>r {d{dY AܶmnZ nÜXVrMm dmna H$amdm.
2 àmW{‘H$ ñVamda ""~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' g§X^m©V ¶oUmè¶m
AS>MUtMm Aä¶mg.
3 embo¶ ì¶dñWmnZ g{‘VrÀ¶m H$m¶m©Mm Aä¶mg.
4 embm~mø {dÚm϶mªZm {ejU n«dmhmV AmUʶmgmR>rMm Aä¶mg
5 ""~mbH$m§À`m _m\$V gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009'' ¶m A{Y{Z¶‘m§Mr A§‘b~OmdUr d
n[aUm‘H$maH$VoMm Aä¶mg
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
g§X^© gyMr : _wio,am.e§.Am{UC_mR>o,{d.Vw.(1998): "e¡j{UH$g§emoYZmMr_wbVÎdo', {dÚm~wŠg,Am¡a§Jm~mX. _wio,am.e§.Am{UC_mR>o{d.Vw.(1956): "e¡j{UH$g§emoYZmMr_wbVÎdo',_hmamï>{dÚmnrR>J«§W{Z{_©V,ZmJnya. q^VmS>o,{d.am.(2004): "e¡j{UH$g§emoYZnÕVr',ZwVZàH$meZ,nwUo. S>m°.AmJmeo,à.(2012): "{ejUñdmV§Í`mMrnhmQ>',CÝZVrnpãbqeJhmD$g,nwUo. Hw$bH$Uu,ho(2007): "emimAmho,{ejUZmhr',J«§WmbràH$meZ,nwUo.
_hmamï> amÁ`e¡j{UH$dà{ejUn[afX({dÚmn[afX)(2012): "_mJ©X{e©H$m', _hmamï> — amÁ` e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejUn[afX,nwUo.
_hmamï> amÁ`e¡j{UH$g§emoYZà{ejUn[afX(2010): "gmVË`nyU©gdªH$f_yë`_mnZ-{ejH$ _mJ©Xe©H$', _hmamï> — amÁ`e¡j{UH$g§emoYZdà{ejUn[afX,nwUo.
àm.S>m°.g§OrdgmoZdUo,àm.S>m°.emo^mH$mJXo,àm.S>m°.ZohmXodAm{Uàm.gm¡.Jm¡arI¡ao(2016):"e¡j{UH$g§emoYZd g§»`memó',{ZambràH$meZ,nwUo.
S>m°.amOmnmoIamnyaH$a(1999):"g§emoYZmgmR>rZ_wZm{ZdS>',lràH$medmUr,Hw$bg{Md,`ed§VamdMìhmU_hmamï> — _wŠV{dÚmnrR>,Zm{eH$.
S>m°.ZohmXod(2012):"g§emoYZ{df`H$boIZAmamIS>mVoAhdmb',lràH$meZ,nwUo.
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