Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies,
Online ISSN 2278 8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com
PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, JULY AUGUST, 2022, VOL 10/72
Hkkjr ,oa E;kekj ds jktuhfrd&eS=h lEcU/kksa dk fo’ys”k.k
Pritam Kumar1 & Richa Bajaj2, Ph. D.
1Assistant Professor Department of Military Science, Shri Varshney College, Aligarh
2Associate Professor Department of Political Science, Shri Varshney College Aligarh
Paper Received On: 25 AUGUST 2022
Peer Reviewed On: 31 AUGUST 2022
Published On: 01 SEPTEMBER 2022
Hkkjr dk vkdkj] bldh lkefjd vofLFkfr] O;kikfjd laca/k vkSj vuU; vkÆFkd{ks=bldslqj{kkifjos'kdkslhèksfoLr`rHkw&Hkkx]fo'ks"kdjiM+kslhns'kksa vkSj e/; ,f'k;k] nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;k] [kkM+h ns'kksa vkSj Çgn egklkxj ls tksM+rs gSaA bu lkefjd&vkÆFkd dkjdksa ls Hkkjr ij fujarj ,d o`gŸkj ftEesnkjh vku iM+rh cgq&vk;keh lqj{kk Çprkvksa vkSj pqukSfr;ksa ds oSf'od vk;keksa dks ns[krs gq,] Hkkjr us cgqi{kh; laLFkkvksa esa viuh Hkkxhnkjh lqn`<+ dh gS vkSj fofHkUUk ns'kksa ds lkFk viuh lkefjdlkÖksnkfj;ksadksetcwrhiznkudhgSftllsfd{ks=h;vkSjoSf'od'kkafrvkSj fLFkjrk esa] ,d ftEesnkj fgr/kkjd ds :i esa] lQyrkiwoZd ;ksxnku fd;k tk ldsA Hkkjr&E;kaekj dslaca/kksadks,sfrgkfld]lkaL—frd]tkrh;vkSj/kkÆedfj'rslqn`<+gq, gSaA Hkkjr dh E;kaekj ds lkFk O;kikj vkSj volajpuk lfgr fofHkUUk ekspks± ij lgHkkfxrk gSA lqj{kklaca/khekeyksaesaHkhlg;ksxdkvuqlj.kfd;ktkjgkgSAiqoZ iz/kkuea=hJheueksguflagdsusr``RoesaHkkjroE;kaekjdschpyxHkx,dntZu lsvf/kdle>kSrksaijgLRkk{kjfd;sx,]ftuesaizeq[k
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
Pritam Kumar & Dr. Richa Bajaj (Pg. 17369 17375) 17370
?kus taxy vkSj foLr`r eSnkuhHkw&Hkkx gSaA mŸkj esa fl;kfpu Xysf'k;j fo'o esa lcls Åapk j.k{ks= gS tgka 21]000 QqV dh ÅapkbZ ij Hkh pkSfd;ka fLFkr gSaA Hkkjr dh if'Pkeh lhek jsfxLrkuksa] mitkÅ eSnkuksa vkSj ?kus taxyksa ls <ds igkM+ksa ls gksdj xqtjrh gSA iwoksZŸkj lhek esa Hkh [kM+h] Åaph ioZr J`a[kyk,a vkSj ?kus m".k dfVca/kh; ou gSaA nf{k.k esa leqæ ds fudVorhZ igkM+h J`a[kyk,a] van:uh Hkw&Hkkx esa iBkj vkSj blds chp&chp esa unh ?kkfV;ka] rVh; eSnku vkSj if'Pke esa y{k}hi rFkk iwoZ esa vaMeku o fudksckj }hilewg tSls nwj&njkt esa fLFkr }hih; {ks= gSaA xqtjkr ls ysdj if'Pke caxky rd ns'k ds rhu vksj dh lhek vjc lkxj] Çgn egklkxj vkSj caxky dh [kkM+h ls f?kjh gSA gekjs iwohZ rV esa fudVre Çcnq ls 1300 fdyksehVj dh nwjh ij vofLFkr vaMeku o fudksckj }hilewg eyDdk tyMe#e/; esa izos'k ds fopkj /kkjk ls lEc) vkradokn dk mnxeu] NksVs vL=ksa vkSj gYds gfFk;kjksa ¼,l , ,y MCY;w½ dk foLrkj] tulagkj ds gfFk;kjksa dk izlkj vkSj bldh vFkZO;oLFkk dk oS'ohdj.k dqN ,sls dkjd gSa tksHkkjr dh lqj{kk dks lh/ks foLr`r HkkSxksfyd ifjos'k ls tksM+rs gSa laca/k esa lkefjd n`f"V ls egRoiw.kZ gS A vjc lkxj esa y{k}hi vkSj fefudkW; }hilewg] tks Qkjl dh [kkM+h vkSj yky lkxj ls iwokZfHkeq[kh leqæh lapkj ekxZ ij vofLFkr gS ] if'Pkeh rV ij fudVre Çcnq ls 450 fdyksehVj dh nwjh ij gSaA bl izdkj Hkkjr leqæorhZ vkSj egk}hih; ns'k] nksuksa gSA HkkSxksfyd vkSj LFkyk—frd fofo/krk] fo'ks"kdj gekjs lkr iM+kslh ns'kksa ¼vFkkZr~ vQxkfuLrku] ckaXykns'k] HkwVku] phu] E;kaekj] usiky vkSj ikfdLrku½ ds lkFk yxh Hkw&lhek dh fofo/krk gekjs l'kó cyksa ds lkeu csfelky pqukSfr;ka is'k djrh gSA Hkkjr dk izk;}hih; Hkw&Hkkx Lost ugj vkSj Qkjl dh [kkM+h ls eyDdk tyMe:e/; rd QSys fo'o ds ,d lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ leqæh ekxZ ds lfUUkdV gSA izfro"kZ 55]000 tgkt vkSj [kkM+h ns'kksa ls vf/kdka'k rsy bl ekxZ ls gksdj xqtjrs gSaA blds vfrfjä] Hkkjr dk vkdkj] bldh lkefjd vofLFkfr] O;kikfjd laca/k vkSj vuU; vkÆFkd {ks= blds lqj{kk ifjos'k dks lhèks foLr`r Hkw&Hkkx] fo'ks"kdj iM+kslh ns'kksa vkSj e/; ,f'k;k] nf{k.k&iwohZ
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary StudiesPritam Kumar & Dr. Richa Bajaj (Pg. 17369 17375) 17371
Hkkjr ds j{kk lg;ksx laca/kh dk;Zdykiksa esa fe= fons'kh ns'kksa ds lkFk j{kk laca/kksa dks lqn`<+ djuk 'kkfey gSA bl laca/k esa j{kk ea=ky; vkSj l'kó cyksa }kjk fd, x, lHkh lEidks± vkSjfofue;ksa dk y{;] la?k"kks± dks jksduk vkSj mlds lekèkku ds fy, mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku djuk rFkk fo'okl iSnk djuk vkSj mls cuk, j[kuk gSA j{kk lg;ksx Hkkjr&E;kaekj f}i{kh; lacaèkksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ igyw gSA E;kaekj ds lkFk py jgs j{kk lg;ksx laca/kh dk;Zdykiksa esa ;k=kvksa dk fu;fer vknku&iznku] Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk ds tgktksa }kjk iksVZ dkWYl rFkk izf'k{k.k vknku&iznku 'kkfey gSA ukSlsuk/;{k us 24&26 vxLr] 2011 ds chp E;kaekj dh ;k=k dhA lsuk/;{k us 6&9 tuojh] 2012 ds chp E;kaekj dh ;k=k dhA
Hkkjr dh E;kaekj uhfr dkQh gn rd phu ls izHkkfor gSA phu dk E;kaekj ds nf{k.kh fgLl esa izlkj ls] tks bjkonh unh ls gksrs gq, vjdku }hi rd QSyk gqvk gS] Hkkjr dks vius ?ksjs esa ysus dh lkft’k gSA caxky dh [kkM+h mldk y{; gSA mŸkjh E;kaekj esa phu dh idM+ dksPphu rd gS ftldh lhek,a Hkkjr ds iwokZsŸkj jkT; v:.kkpy izns’k ls lVh gqbZ gSaA
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies ,f'k;k] [kkM+h ns'kksa vkSj Çgn egklkxj ls tksM+rs gSaA bu lkefjd&vkÆFkd dkjdksa ls Hkkjr ij fujarj ,d o`gŸkj ftEesnkjh vku iM+rh cgq&vk;keh lqj{kk Çprkvksa vkSj pqukSfr;ksa ds oSf'od vk;keksa dks ns[krs gq,] Hkkjr us cgqi{kh; laLFkkvksa esa viuh Hkkxhnkjh lqn`<+ dh gS vkSj fofHkUUk ns'kksa ds lkFk viuh lkefjd lkÖksnkfj;ksa dks etcwrh iznku dh gS ftlls fd {ks=h; vkSj oSf'od 'kkafr vkSj fLFkjrk esa] ,d ftEesnkj fgr/kkjd ds :i esa] dkjxj <ax ls ;ksxnku fd;k tk ldsA Hkkjr&E;kaekj ds laca/kksa dks ,sfrgkfld] lkaL—frd] tkrh; vkSj /kkÆed fj'rs lqn`<+ cukrs gSaA Hkkjr dh E;kaekj ds lkFk O;kikj vkSj volajpuk lfgr fofHkUUk ekspks± ij lgHkkfxrk tkjh gS rFkk lqj{kk laca/kh ekeyksa esa Hkh lg;ksx dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk jgk gSA E;kaekj ljdkj us vk'oklu fn;k gS fd blds jkT;&{ks= ls Hkkjr&fojks/kh xfrfof/k;ka pyk, tkus dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA
Pritam Kumar & Dr. Richa Bajaj (Pg. 17369 17375) 17372
phu igys gh v:.kkpy izns”k ij viuk nkok Bksad pqdk gSA og viuh fooknkLin fVIif.k;ksa ls Hkkjr dks ijs”kku djus dh dksf”k”k djrk jgk gS vxj Hkkjr E;kaekj ls vius csgrj laca/k cukdj viuh lqj{kk dk lqn``<+ izca/k dj ysrk gS rks mlds iwoksZŸkj jkT; phu ds lkefjd [krjs ls lqjf{kr gks tk,axsA Hkkjr dks E;kaekj lhek ls lVs gq, bykdksa esa mxzoknh vkSj vyxkooknh rRoksa dks idM+us esa lgk;rk Hkh feysxhA E;kaekj esa lSfud ns’k dh etcwr nhokj gSa mYys[kuh; gS fd 1988 ds vke pquko esa vkax lw dh ikVhZ dks Hkkjh leFkZu izkIr gqvk Fkk ysfdu lSfud rkuk’kkgh us lŸkk gLrkarj.k dks ukeatwj djrs gq, vkax lw dh dks muds ?kj esa gh utjcan dj fn;kA fiNys rhu n”kdksa esa E;kaekj esa lSfudksa dh la[;k rsth ls c<h gSa vxj lsuk ds rhuksa vaxks dks feyk fn;k tk, rks ;g vkadM+k pkj yk[k ls vf/kd gks tk;sxkA phu viuh lkefjd j.kuhfr ds rgr E;kaekj esa o’kksZ ls viuk tky fcNk jgk gSA E;kaekj esa jsy vkSj lM+dksa dk tky fcNk;k tk jgk gS] ftlls phu vkSj E;kaekj ds chp vkokxeu lqxe gks ldsA phu ds nks jkT;ksa dh lhek,a E;kaekj ls feyrh gSA ;g jkT; leqnzh lhek ls nwj gSa blfy, phu bu {ks=ksa esa viuk tky fcNk dj fgan egklkxj esa viuh iSB cukus dh iz;kl esa yxk gqvk gSA E;kaekj fiNys dqN o’kksZ ls lkefjd dsanzfcanq cuk gqvk gSA fo’ks”kdj Hkkjr dh lqj{kk E;kaekj ls cgqeq[kh :i ls izHkkfor gks jgh gSA phu dh Nk;k fnu izfrfnu Hkkjrh; fgrksa dks pqukSrh ns jgh Fkh ysfdu E;kaekj ds u, jk”Vªifr Fkhu lsu us dbZ Økafrdkjh dne mBkdj vius ns”k ds dBksj jktuhfrd <kaps dh mnkjoknh O;oLFkk dks cny fn;k gSA E;kaekj us u dsoy vkax lku lw dh fjgkbZ dh] cfYd mudh cgqpfpZr jktuhfrd ikVhZ us’kuy yhx vkWQ MseksØSlh ¼,u,yMh½ dks pquko yM+us dh NwV Hkh ns nhA blds lkFk] gtkjksa ,u,yMh dk;ZdrkZvksa dks Hkh tsy ls fjgk dj fn;k x;kA uo fuokZfpr jk’Vªifr us phu ls ,d lqfuf”pr nwjh cukus dk eu Hkh cuk fy;kA phu ds fooknkLin MSe ij] tks bjkonh unh ij cuk;k tkuk Fkk] jksd yxk nh xbZA ;g cnyko E;kaekj dh fons”k uhfr esa cqfu;knh ifjorZu dk lwpd gSA
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary StudiesPritam Kumar & Dr. Richa Bajaj (Pg. 17369 17375) 17373
E;kaekj esa jktuhfrd ifjorZu ls yksdra= dh cgkyh dk elyk lqy>us yxk gSA VªsM ;wfu;u ij yxk, x, izfrca/k Hkh mBk fy, x, gaSA jktuhfrd fojks/k vkSj izsl dh Lora=rk dks cgky djus dh dksf”k”k dh tk jgh gSA vesjhdh vkfFkZd izkfrca/k dks gVkus dh egRoiw.kZ ‘krsZ Hkh ;gh FkhaA blfy, vesjhdh “krksZ ds iwjk gksus ls vkfFkZd ukdscanh [kRe gksus okyh gSA vesjhdk fiNys dqN o’kksZ ls eu cuk pqdk Fkk fd E;kaekj esa leqfpr jktuhfrd ifjorZu gks] vkSj ,d ubZ O;oLFkk ds rgr E;kaekj vkSj vesjhdk ds chp VwVs gq, rkj dks tksM+k tk,A Hkkjr bl dM+h dks tksM+us dh iwjh dksf’k’k dj jgk Fkk vkSj mls blesa lQyrk Hkh feyhA bl cnys ?kVukØe dks varjkZ”Vªh; ekufp= ij ns[kuk gksxkA pwafd E;kaekj dh van:uh jktuhfr esa cnyko egt ogha rd gh lhfer ugha gS blfy, mldk izHkko ,d u, ifjorZu dh vkgV gSA phu viuh nwjoknh ifj;kstuk ij izfrca/k yxus ls nq%[kh gSA mls fujk”kk ls T;knk vk’p;Z gks jgk gSA Hkkjr us E;kaekj esa ekuorkoknh ,oa fodklkRed iz;klksa dks Hkh Rofjr fd;k gSA izy;dkjh pØokr ^uflZx^ ds ckn] tks ebZ 2008 esa E;kaekj esa vk;k Fkk] Hkkjr us rqjar o lgk;rk dk izLrko is’k fd;kA gky esa] Hkkjr us 1 fefy;u vejhdh Mkyj dh lgk;rk ‘kku jkT; esa vk;s Hkwdai ls ihfM+r {ks=ksa esa ekuorkoknh jkgr o iquokZl ds fy, iznku dhA bl jkf’k esa ls 250]000 vejhdh Mkyj E;kaekj ljdkj dks uxn vuqnku ds :i esa fn, x, vksj 750]000 vejhdh Mkyj rkjys dlcs esa] tks fd Hkwdai ls lcls cqjh rjg ihfM+r Fkk] ,d gkbZ Ldwy o N% izkFkfed Ldwyksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, iznku fd;sA Hkkjr vkSj E;kaekj ds lEcU/k 1993 ls csgrj gksus yxsa] mlesa E;kaekj ds ?kjsyw okrkoj.k esa ifjorZu us Hkh ubZ fnYyh dks E;kaekj dh vksj eS=h dk gkFk c<+us esa ;ksxnku fn;kA ;s ifjorZu Fks % 2008 lafo/kku dk iz[;kiu] uoEcj 2010 ds pquko ,d ubZ laln] vkSj vizSy 2012 esa mipqukoA uoEcj 2010 esa L;q dh fjgkbZ o fI;Rgw gyqŸkko ¼E;kaekj voj laln½ esa pquko] if’pe dks fo’okl fnykuk dh E;kaekj yksdrkaf=d lq/kkjs ykus ds fy, ^xaHkhj^ gSA vr% nksuksa la;qä jk’Vª vesjhdk o ;qjksih; la?k us vius
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary StudiesPritam Kumar & Dr. Richa Bajaj (Pg. 17369 17375) 17374
izfrcU/k LFkfxr dj fn, vkSj okf”kaxVu us fgysjh fDyaVu dh E;kaekj ;k=k ls vius uhfr cnyko dk ladsr fd;kA iz/kkuea=h Jh eueksgu flag us u;h jkt/kkuh I;h Vko esa vius vkxeu ij] Hkkjr o E;kaekj ds chp yxHkx ,d ntZu le>kSrksa ij gLRkk{kj fd;s ftuesa eq[; ladsr&’kCn fodkl o la;kstdrk Fks] vkSj 500 fefy;u Mkyj dk fj;k;rh _.k] O;kikj o fuos’k esa c<+ksRrjh] ftlesa ÅtkZ o fo|qr {ks= Hkh ‘kkfey Fks vkSj f”k{kk] {kerk fuekZ.k vkSj yksxksa esa vkilh laidZ gsrq lg;ksx c<+k dj laLd`fr dh dsUnzh;rk dk Qk;nk mBkukA Hkkjr dks E;kaekj ds] lkFk] ml ns’k esa jg jgs Hkkjrh; vizokfl;ksa ds ckjs esa] lfØ; :i ls ckrphr djuh gksxhA Hkkjrh; vizokfl;ksa] ^Hkkjr ekrk ds Hkwys gq, cPps]^ ds ikl u muds ewy ns’k esa tehu gS] u muds viuk, gq, ns’k esa] vkSj nksuksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh ljdkj bl ckr ls lEc)^ ugha gSA exj bu vizokfl;ksa dks vc igpku feyuh vkjEHk gqbZ gSA fla?koh lfefr fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] E;kaekj esa dqy Hkkjrh; yksx] vuqeku yxk;k tkrk gS fd] 2-9 fefy;u gSa] ftlesa ls 2]50]000 Hkkjrh; ewy ds yksx gSa ¼PIO½] 2]000 Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gSa] vkSj 4]00]000 fdlh Hkh ns’k ds ukxfjd ugha gSA E;kaekj Lo;a Hkkjr ls laca/kksa dk lkekU;hdj.k pkgrk gS] ,sls esa ubZ fnYyh vkRelarq”V ugha jg ldrkA ckjh&ckjh ls E;kaekj ljdkj dks lg;ksx nsuk] fQj vkykspuk djuk] Hkkjr dh ^uSfrdrk^ o ^lsuk^ var%fØ;k ekWMy] tks ^cktkj ijLijk/khurk^ ds uo mnkj fl)karksa ij vk/kkfjr gS] mEehn gS dh ;g nksuksa iM+ksfl;ksa ds chp vkxs c<+us dh jkg cuk,xk vkSj izxfr vkS fodkl dk nkSj vkjEHk gksxkA blds fy,] Hkkjr o E;kaekj dks ijLij ^la;qä oäO;^ dk v{kj’k% ikyu djuk gksxkA
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JhokLro ch0ih0 ¼2019½] Hkkjr ,oa fo’o% cnyrs ifjn`’; India Publication, New Delhi.
[kUuk] oh0,u0] vjksM+k] fyik{kh ¼2019½] Hkkjr dh fons’k uhfr] fodkl ifCyf’kax gkml]ubZfnYyhA
nÙk oh0ih0 ¼2013½]cnyrsfo’oeasHkkjrdhfons’k uhfr] fodkl ifCyf’kax gkml] ubZfnYyhA