mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k dk v/;;u

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com

PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, MAR-APR 2023, VOL- 10/76

mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k dk v/;;u

fç;adk frokjh 'kks/kkFkhZ]thokthfo'ofo|ky;Xokfy;jA

Paper Received On: 21 APRIL 2023

Peer Reviewed On: 30 APRIL 2023

Published On: 01 MAY 2023 fo|ky;dslaxBukRedokrkoj.kesaifj.kke]iqjLdkjO;oLFkk]vUr%O;fDrlEcU/k]laxBukRedçfØ;k]dk;Zdh “kq)rk]lwpukvksadkvknkuçnku,oe~ijksidkjhO;ogkjdkslfEefyrfd;ktkrkgSSA;fnçca/kuf'k{kdksadksçsfjr ;klarq"VdjrkgSrcf'k{kdviusdkedsçfr]viusO;olk;dsçfrlaxBudsrjDdhdsfy,vFkkZrmUufrds fy,ç;Ru'khyjgrkgSftldkçHkkoçR;{k;kvçR;{k:ilsfo|kfFkZ;ksadh'kSf{kdokrkoj.krFkk'kSf{kdmiyfC/k iM+rkgSA'kks/kkFkhZusmís';ds:iesa1-foÙkh;vk/kkjijoxhZ—rmPpek/;fedfo|ky;ksadslaxBukRedokrkoj.k dkrqyukRedv/;;uA 2-foÙkh;vk/kkjijoxhZ—rmPpek/;fedfo|ky;ksadslaxBukRedokrkoj.kdkrqyukRed v/;;uA 3-foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—rmPp ek/;fed fo|ky;dslaxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oafo|kfFkZ;ksadh 'kSf{kd miyfC/kdse/;laca/kdkv/;;uAifjdYiuk,ds:iesa1- foÙkh;vk/kkjijoxhZ—rmPpek/;fedfo|ky;ksads laxBukRedokrkoj.kesadksbZlkFkZdvUrjughagksrkgSA2-foÙkh;vk/kkjijoxhZ—rmPpek/;fedfo|ky;ksads fo|kfFkZ;ksadh“kSf{kdmiyfC/kesadksbZlkFkZdvUrjughagksrkgSA 3-foÙkh;vk/kkjijoxhZ—rmPpek/;fedfo|ky; dslaxBukRedokrkoj.k,oafo|kfFkZ;ksadh'kSf{kdmiyfC/kdse/;dksbZlglaca/kughagksrkgSAU;kn”kZgsrqXokfy;j 'kgjds20mPpek/;fedfo|ky;ksa]200f’k{kdksa,oa400fo|kfFkZ;ksadkp;ufd;kx;kAmidj.kds:iesa“kks/kkFkhZ uslaxBukRedokrkoj.kdsekiugsrqlUT;ksriSFks]lq’kekpkS/kjh,oe~mfianj/kj¼2001½}kjkfufeZrvkWxZukbts+’kuy DykbZesVLdsy dkp;ufd;kx;kA'kSf{kdmiyfC/kdsekiugsrqXokfy;j'kgjesafLFkrek/;fedf'k{kke.Myeiz- Hkksiky}kjkekU;'kkldh;fo|ky;esav/;;ujrd{kk10ohadsfo|kfFkZ;ksadsokf"kZdijh{kkdsdqyizkIrkadksadks ewy:IklsLohdkjfd;kx;kgSAfu"d"kZLo:Ikik;kx;kfdfo|ky;ksadslaxBukRedokrkoj.k,oafo|kfFkZ;ksadh 'kSf{kdmiyfC/kdse/;lglaca/k/kukRedifjyf{krgksjgkgSA

çLrkouk

Abstract

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

laxBukRed okrkoj.k dks lkekftd lEcU/kksa ds :i esa ifjHkkf’kr fd;k tk ldrk gS ftlds lkFk

laxBu esa dk;Z djus okys O;fDr;ksa esa mRiUu Hkkouk;sa ,oe~ laosx tqM+s jgrs gSaA çR;sd fo|ky;h

O;oLFkk esa v/;kid ,oe~ çkpk;Z ds fofHkUu çdkj ds O;ogkj ns[kus dks feyrs gSa rFkk blh vk/kkj ij

fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk l`tu gksrk gSA 'kekZ] —".kk ¼2017½ us laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk v/;kidksa dh Hkwfedk ncko ds lanHkZ esa v/;;u fd;k ftlesa mUgksaus ik;k fd lalkj esa çR;sd

O;fä dh Hkwfedk fu/kkZfjr gksrh gS] tUe ls ysdj e`R;q rd ge ml Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djrs gSa] mlh

çdkj fo|ky; esa lHkh v/;kid x.k viuh viuh Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djrs gSaA tc v/;kid viuh

Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djus esa vleFkZ gksus yxrs gSa og mUgsa ncko eglwl gksus yxrk gS ftlls f'k{kd esa f'k{k.k dk;Z ds çfr :fp de gksus yxrh gS] dk;Zdq'kyrk dk gkl gksus yxrk gS] vkSj lg;ksx dk

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(Pg. 18377-18384) 18378

okrkoj.k xM+cM+k tkrk gS tks fd çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i ls fo|ky; laxBukRed okrkoj.k ij çfrdwy

çHkko Mkyrk gS ftldk vf/kdka'kr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k] muds O;fäRo] vkRefo'okl] lek;kstu]

#fp lkFk gh muds laKkukRed ,oa vlaKkukRed dkjdksa ij udkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor djrh gSa fo|ky; ds leLr dk;kasZ ds laxBu rFkk lapkyu dk mRrjnkf;Ro fo|ky; ds ç/kkukpk;Z ij gksrk gS fdUrq ;g dk;Z f’k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ,oe~ vU; deZpkfj;kas dh lgk;rk ds fcuk lqO;ofLFkr :i ls lEiUu ugha gks ldrkA fo|ky;kas ds ç/kkukpk;Z] f’k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ,oe~ vU; deZpkfj;ksa ds ijLij euksoSKkfud okrkoj.k] lkekftd vUr%fØ;k] ikjLifjd lEcU/k] lkekftd laosxkRed okrkoj.k vkfn dks lfEefyr

:i ls laxBukRed okrkoj.k ds :i eas O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA foLr`r :i eas fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa ifj.kke] iqjLdkj O;oLFkk] vUr%O;fDr lEcU/k] laxBukRed çfØ;k] dk;Z dh “kq)rk] lwpukvksa dk vknku çnku ,oe~ ijksidkjh O;ogkj dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS ;fn fo|ky; ds

laxBukRed okrkoj.k dh ifj.kke O;oLFkk lqO;ofLFkr :i ls lEiUu dh tkrh gS rks v/;kidksa dks

,d nwljs dh fLFkfr dk Kku jgrk gS lkFk gh lkFk v/;kidksa dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ”kSf{kd fLFkfr dk

Hkh Kku jgrk gS vkSj og vius LFkku dks mPp cukus ds fy, ç;Ru”khy gks tkrs gSaA gSA dk;Z djrs le; euq"; ds thou esa laxBu dk fo'ks"k çHkko iM+rk gS laxBu ds mís'; fdl çdkj ls iw.kZ gksrs gSa bl ij gekjk jgu&lgu] LokLF;] lqj{kk] 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk bR;kfn dkjd çHkkfor djrs gSaA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh laxBukRed okrkoj.k dh ckr djsa rks fo|ky;ksa ds ekunaM] ewY;] vis{kk,]a uhfr;ka] dk;Z çsj.kk] çfrc)rk] varr% O;fäxr ,oa okrkoj.k vkfn gSaA ;fn çca/ku f'k{kdksa dks çsfjr ;k larq"V djrk gS rc f'k{kd vius dke ds çfr] vius O;olk; ds çfr laxBu ds rjDdh ds fy, vFkkZr mUufr ds fy, ç;Ru'khy jgrk gS ftldk çHkko çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i ls fo|kfFkZ;ks dh 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k rFkk 'kSf{kd miyfC/k iM+rk gSA orZeku le; esa fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k {ks= ds ljdkjh fo|ky; laxBukRed okrkoj.k fuEu ns[kk tkrk gS ftldk dkj.k laHkor% v/;kidksa dh de la[;k]dk;ZHkkj vf/kd] rFkk ukSdjh uk tkus dk Hk; vkfn gSA lkFk gh blh çdkj dk okrkoj.k mu futh fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa ns[kk tkrk gS tgka ij de ;ksX; f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfä] de osru ,oa çca/ku dk gLr{ksi T;knk gksA ,sls fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k larks"ktud uk gksus ds dkj.k f'k{kd çk;% f[kUu jgrs gSa ftlls os fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds çfr ldkjkRed joS;k] [kq'kuqek okrkoj.k fufeZr djus dk mÙkjnkf;Ro ugha fuHkkrs ftlds dkj.k çk;% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks çHkkfor gksrh gSA

feJk] ¼2019½ us vius v/;;u esa ljdkjh o futh ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa dh laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa

0-01 lkFkZdrk Lrj ij lkFkZd varj ik;k x;kA gSA tcfd V.Mu- ,oe~ xqIrk- ¼2005½ us ,d “kks/k v/;;u ljdkjh ,oe~ xSj&ljdkjh mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds “kSf{kd okrkoj.k dk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh

lkekftd ifjiDork] lek;kstu vkSj “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij çHkko dk rqyukRed v/;;u ij fd;kA o

v/;;u ds ifj.kkeksa esa ;g ik;k x;k fd ljdkjh o xSj ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa ds “kSf{kd okrkoj.k dk

çHkko “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij vlkFkZd :i ls iM+rk gSA xks;y- ¼2007½ us fo”ys’k.kksijkUr fu’d’kZ

Lo:i ik;k x;k fd ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa dh vis{kk çkbosV fo|ky;ksa esa lh[kus dk Lrj mPp gksrk gS

tcfd ljdkjh fo|ky;kas esa f”k{kdksa dh vk; vf/kd gksrh gSA t‚u MCY;w U;wt LVksu vkSj dhr Msfol

¼2015½ ds vuqlkj laxBukRed O;ogkj foKku dk v/;;u vkSj vuqç;ksx djuk gS fd laxBu ds

varxZr yksx fdl çdkj dk O;ogkj djrs gSa ;g lc yksxk ds laca/k esa O;kid v/;;u vkSj vuqç;ksx

gSA ÝsM ywFkkal ¼2011½ ds vuqlkj laxBukRed O;ogkj lh/ks gh laxBu esa ekuo O;ogkj dks cukuk

vkSj mldk fu;a=.k djuk gSA vr% mi;qZä foospu ds QyLo:i “kks/kkFkhZ ds efLr’d eas dqN LokHkkfod

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ftKklk;sa ,oe~ ç”u fpUg mRiUu gq;s tks çLrqr “kks/k leL;k ds p;u dk dkj.k cusA og ftKklk;sa

,oe~ ç”u fuEu gSa &

1. D;k foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa varj gS\

2. D;k foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk muds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k çHkko iM+rk gS \

3- D;k mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k gS \

mDr iz'uksa ds mRrj izkIr djus gsrq ,oa lEcfU/kr lkfgR; ds v/;;u ds Ik'pkr 'kks/kkFkhZ us ^^mPp

ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k dk

v/;;u^^ 'kh"kZd ij 'kks/k v/;;u djus dk fu'p; fd;k gSA

leL;k dFku

mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k

dk v/;;u

leL;k esa ç;qDr “kCnksa dh O;k[;k

mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;

f’k{kk lafgrk ¼1963½ ds vuqlkj ÞmPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ls rkRi;Z ,sls fo|ky; ls gS ftlesa fuEu

d{kkvksa ds lkFk vFkok muds fcuk uoha rFkk nloha ,oe~ X;kjgoha rFkk ckjgoha d{kk gksa rFkk og fo|ky;ksa ds ek/;fed f’k{kk ifj’kn~ vFkok fdlh fo’ofo|ky; dh gkbZ Ldwy rFkk b.VjehfM,V ijh{kkvksa ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rS;kj djrk gSAß

dk;kZRed ifjHkk’kk çLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ls vk”k; mu fo|ky;kas ls gS ftlesa NBoha d{kk Lrj ls 12 oha d{kk Lrj rd dh f’k{kk çnku dh tkrh gSA lkFk gh tks e/; çns'k cksMZ] Hkksiky ls ekU;rk çkIr gSaA foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r ls rkRi;Z gS fd fofHkUu çca/k ra= ds :i esa

lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gS] ftUgsa “kks/kkFkhZ us 'kkldh; ;k v'kkldh; :i esa fu:fir fd;k gSA bu çca/k

ra= }kjk lapkfyr fo|ky;ksa esa vk; vFkkZr /ku ds lzksr vyx&vyx gksrs gSA

fo|kFkhZ

dzsfEczt fMD'kujh ds vuqlkj fo|ky;] egkfo|ky; ;k fo'ofo|ky; esa tks O;fDr v/;;u dj jgk gSA

dk;kZRed ifjHkk"kk

izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls rkRi;Z Xokfy;j 'kgj d varxZr vkus okys 'kkldh; mPp ek/;fed

fo|ky;ksa ds d{kk 11 oha esa v/;;ujr Nk=&Nk=kvksa ls gSA

fo|ky; dk laxBukRed okrkoj.k

VkWfxmjh ¼1966½ ds vuqlkj ßO;oLFkkRed i;kZoj.k lkis{kr% laxBu ds vkUrfjd i;kZoj.k dks LFkkf;Ro nsus okyh fo”ks’krk gS ftls mlesa dk;Z djus okys yksx vuqHko djrs gSa rFkk tks muds O;ogkj dks cnyrh gS ,oe~ ewY;ksa ds n`f’Vdks.k ls fdlh laxBu dh [kkl çdkj dh fo”ks’krkvkas dks ifjyf{kr

djrh gSAÞ

dk;kZRed ifjHkk’kk çLrkfor “kks/k v/;;u esa fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ls vk”k; ml okrkoj.k ls gS ftlesa ç/kkukpk;Z] v/;kid] fo|kFkhZ rFkk vU; fo|ky;h deZpkjh O;fDrxr ,oe~

lkewfgd :i ls vius “kSf{kd fØ;kdyki vk;ksftr djrs gaSA fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa

fo|ky; esa lEiUu gksus okyh ifj.kke o iqjLdkj O;oLFkk] vUr%O;fDr lEcU/k] laxBukRed çfØ;k]

dk;Z dh “kq)rk] lwwpukvks dk vknku çnku ,oe~ ijksidkjh O;ogkj dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA

Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

“kSf{kd miyfC/k

lkekU;r;k] “kSf{kd miyfC/k ls rkRi;Z ml vfHkdYi ls gS tks fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ikB~;Øe vFkok fof”k’V fo’k;@fo’k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr laKkukRed] HkkokRed rFkk dkS”kykRed i{kksa dks çfrfcfEcr djrk gSA

xqM ¼1987½ ds vuqlkj Þfo|ky;h fo’k;ksa }kjk çkIr Kku vFkok fodflr dkS”ky dk ijh{k.k rFkk

mlesa çkIrkad gh “kSf{kd miyfC/k gSAß

dk;kZRed ifjHkk’kk çLrqr v/;;u esa] “kSf{kd miyfC/k ls rkRi;Z ek/;fed f”k{kk ifj’kn~] e/; çns'k

cksMZ] Hkksiky }kjk lapkfyr gkbZLdwy ijh{kk esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk fofo/k fo’k;ksa eas çkIr vadksa ds dqy ;ksx ds çfr”kr çkIrkad ls gSA

mís';

1 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk rqyukRed

v/;;uA

2 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk rqyukRed

v/;;uA

3 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k dk v/;;uA

ifjdYiuk,a

1. foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa dksb lkFkZd vUrj ugha gksrk gSA

2. foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa dksb lkFkZd vUrj ugha gksrk gSA

3. foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; dksbZ lglaca/k ugha gksrk gSA v/;;u dk ifjlhekadu

1. çLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa Xokfy;j 'kgj ds e/; çns'k cksMZ] Hkksiky ls ekU;rk çkIr 'kkldh; ,oe~ v'kkldh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa dks gh lfEefyr fd;k x;k A

2. çLrqr “kks/k dk;Z esa 'kkldh; ,oe~ v'kkldh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds d{kk 11 ls 12 oha rd v/;kiu dk;Z djus okys 200 f”k{kdksa o d{kk X;kjgoha ds 400 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks gh lfEefyr

fd;k x;kA

'kks/kdk;Z ds nkSjku izLrkfor dk;Zfof/k

v/;;u ds pj

Lora= pj 'kkldh; ,oa v'kkldh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;

ijra= pj laxBukRed okrkoj.k] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k

U;kn’kZ

izLrqr “kks/k ds lUnHkZ esa izfrn”kZ p;u ds fufeRr lqfo/kktud ;kn`fPNd ,oa cgqLrjh; izfrn”kZ

p;u ds }kjk Xokfy;j 'kgj ds 20 mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa] 200 f”k{kdksa ,oa 400 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk

p;u fd;k x;kA

Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

midj.k

laxBukRed okrkoj.k midj.k dk p;u

v/;;u ds lUnHkZ eas “kks/kkFkhZ us lUT;ksr iSFks] lq’kek pkS/kjh ,oe~ mfianj /kj ¼2001½ }kjk fufeZr

vkWxZukbts+”kuy DykbZesV Ldsy dk p;u fd;k x;kA

'kSf{kd miyfC/k midj.k dk p;u

izLrqr v/;;u esa 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds ekiu gsrq Xokfy;j 'kgj esa fLFkr ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My e-iz- Hkksiky

}kjk ekU; 'kkldh; fo|ky; esa v/;;ujr d{kk 10 oha ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds okf"kZd ijh{kk ds dqy izkIrkadksa

dks ewy :Ik ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA ;g ijh{kk ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] Hkksiky }kjk lapkfyr dh tkrh

gSA rFkk izkIr ijh{kkQy dks izR;sd ekU;rk izkIr fo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] jkT; ljdkj rFkk dsUnz ljdkj

}kjk Lohd`r fd;k tkrk gSA

lkaf[;dh izfof/k;ka

izLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa iznRrksa ds lkj.kh;u ,oa fu’d’kZ izkIr djus gsrq e/;eku] ekud fopyu]

ØkfUrd vuqikr] dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA

iznRrkas dk fo'ys’k.k ,oa O;k[;k

1- foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk rqyukRed v/;;u

djukA

rkfydk la 1 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ds e/;eku] ekud fopyu o ØkfUrd vuqikrA

Øñlañ fo|ky;ksa ds çdkj f’k{kdksa

rkfydk lañ 1 ds voyksdu ls Li’V gksrk gS fd 'kkldh; o v'kkldh; fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed

okrkoj.k esa 0-01 lkFkZdrk Lrj ij lkFkZd vUrj çnf”kZr gks jgk gSA ÝkWfFkxe ¼1989½ rFkk xfugj

,oe~ “kkb[k ¼1999½ us Lo;a ds “kks/k v/;;uksa esa ik;k fd ljdkjh ,oe~ futh fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed

okrkoj.k esa lkFkZd vUrj gksrk gSA

2- foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k dk rqyukRed

v/;;u

rkfydk lañ 2 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/;eku] ekud fopyu o ØkfUrd vuqikrA

Øñlañ fo|ky;ksa ds çdkj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh

rkfydk lañ 2 ds voyksdu ls fofnr gksrk gS fd 'kkldh; o v'kkldh; fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh

“kSf{kd miyfC/k esa 0-01 Lrj ij lkFkZd vUrj gS ¼isMk ¼2013½] ct ¼2007½ rFkk foy ¼2015½ us Hkh

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(Pg. 18377-18384) 18382

vius “kks/k v/;;uksa esa ik;k fd ljdkjh ,oe~ futh fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa

lkFkZd vUrj gksrk gS½A f=ikBh] foosd ukFk ,oa nqxsZ'k dqekj-¼2016½ ds 'kks/k fo'ys"k.k ds ckn ;g irk

yxk fd fp=dwV ftys ds ljdkjh ,oa xSj ljdkjh çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd

miyfC/k esa lkFkZd varj gSA fp=dwV ftys ds xSj ljdkjh çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd

miyfC/k ljdkjh çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa dh rqyuk esa csgrj gSA

3 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh

'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; lglaca/k dk v/;;u

rkfydk lañ 3 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; lglaca/k xq.kkad

rkfydk lañ 3 ds voyksdu ls fofnr gksrk gS fd mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k

,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa 0-01 Lrj ij ldkjkRed lEcU/k x;kA Msefud] ¼2005½ us Lo;a ds “kks/k v/;;uksa esa ik;k fd mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh

'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; ldkjkRed lEcU/k ns[kk x;kA

fu"d"kZ

fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; lglaca/k /kukRed

ifjyf{kr gks jgk gSA fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dks f'k{kdksa dk vPNk osru] inksUufr] iqjLdkj]

lkSg–Ziw.kZ okrkoj.k] ukSdjh LFkkf;Ro] fo|ky;ksa ds lHkh deZpkfj;ksa ¼ç/kkukpk;Z] çca/ku lfefr] f'k{kd]

fo|kFkhZ] pijklh½ esa vkilh laca/k vkfn çHkkfor djrs gSaA Li"V gksrk gS fd f'k{kd x.k çlUu gksdj]

vius O;olk; ds çfr larq"V gksdj f'k{k.k vf/kxe çfØ;k dks mfpr çdkj ls laiUu djrs gSa] ftlls

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k mPp –f"Vxkspj gksrh gSA blfy, mä rRoksa dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kuk pkfg, o bl laca/k esa mik; Hkh fd, tkus pkfg,] ftlls f'k{kd vius O;olk; ds çfr fu"Bk Hkko] bekunkjh]

çsfjr eglwl djsaA

Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

(Pg. 18377-18384) 18383

lUnHkZ xzaFk lwph

HknkSfj;k] lquhrk- ¼2013½- mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr f'k{kdksa ,oa f'kf{kdkvksa dh f'k{k.k izHkko'khyrk

dk rqyukRed v/;;u] 'kks/k leh{kk vkSj ewY;kadu] tuojh 2013] i`- 93

caxk] peu yky-¼2014½- f'k{kd] f'k{kd O;ogkj ,oa f'k{k.k ,d O;olk;- baVjus'kuy eYVhfMlhfIyujh bZ

tujy- o‚Y;we 3-] vad 4- i`- 126&139

ch-ih- izoh.k- ¼2004½- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds f'k{kdksa dh f'k{k.k izHkko'khyrk dks izHkkfor djus dk v/;;u

¼tuknZu jk; uxj jktLFkku fo|kihB fo'ofo|ky; Mcksd mn;iqj jktLFkku½ izkbejh f'k{kd] vizSy

2004 i`- 25

flag] t; izdk'k- ¼2013½- fjys'kuf'kifcV~ohuVhfpaxdkWEihVsal,.MlsfVLQsD'ku%,LVMh,ekaxVhpj ,tqdsVlZofdZxbulsYQQkbusflaxdkystbu mRrj izns'k bf.M;u tuZy vkWQ fjlpZ 35 2013

fMuk] dksMh- ¼2006½-Vhfpax bQsfDVousl ,.M LVqMsUV 'ksjeSu fgysu vphoesaV bDtkfeax n fjys'kuf'ki

,tqds'kuy fjlpZ DokVZyhZ 29]i`- 40&51A

xqIrk],l-ih- ,oa vYdk xqIrk-¼2004½- mPprj f'k{kk euksfoKku 'kkjnk iqLrd Hkou bykgkcknA

xqIrk] jpuk ,oa Mk-'kkfyuh- ¼2021½- x`gokrkoj.kdkfo|kfFkZ;ksadh'kSf{kdmiyfC/kijçHkkodk v/;;u dyk ljksoj o‚Y;we 24 vad 1 tuojh&ekpZ 2021 i`- 512 520

xqIrk] laxhrk ,oa eksgUrh] ,-ds- ¼2009½- Hkkohf'k{kdksadhf'k{k.kO;olk;]d{kk&d{kf'k{k.krFkkNk=dsfUnzr vH;kldsizfrvfHko`fRrdkv/;;u ] tujy vkWQ Vhpj ,twds'ku ,.M fjlpZ- ubZ fnYyh- o"kZ 4] vad 2] i`- 67&70-

gsdVZ] Vsfjlk ,.M vnj- ¼2006½- fjys'kuvkWQdkslZbaLVªDVlZ,.MLVwMsaVdjsfDVªfLVDlVwMkbesa'kuvkWQ LVwMsUVjsfVaxvkWQVhfpaxbQsfDVousl ] 2006 dksyt LVwMsUV tuZy] 40] i`- 195&203A

tks'kh vuqjk/kk ,oa flag- ¼2004½- ¶yS.MlZdhvUr%fdz;kfo'ys"k.kiz.kkyhdkf'k{k.kn{krkijizHkko%,d iz;ksx ¼,l-,l- JhokLro½ lEiknd Hkkjrh; f'k{kk 'kks/k if=dk y[kuÅ bf.M;u bULVhV~;wV vkWQ ,twds'ku 23 ¼2½dqekj T;ksfrUn- ¼2013½- ,dsMfedlSfVLQSD'ku,.MeSUVygsSYFkLVsV~lvkWQVhpjVªsuht'kks/k leh{kk vksj ewY;kadu] Qjojh 2013 i`- 22

feRry] larks"k- ¼1995½- 'kSf{kd rduhdh ,oa d{kk d{k izcU/k jktLFkku] fgUnh xzaFk vdknehA uk;d] jes'k- ¼2006½- fo|kfFkZ;ksadh'kSf{kdmiyfC/kijv/;kidksadsO;fDrRovfHko`fRrvkSjf'k{k.kizHkko'khyrk dk izHkko ] ,DlisjhesUV bu ,twds'ku] okWY;we 34 vizsy i`- 72 uk;d] jes'k-¼2006½- fo|kfFkZ;ksadh'kSf{kdmiyfC/kijv/;kidksadsO;fäRovfHko`fÙkvkSjf'k{k.kçHkko'khyrk dk çHkko - ,DlisjhesaV~l ,tqds'ku] vçSy 2006- o‚Y;we 34 72

ik.Ms;] ,u- ¼1986½- ,QsDV~l vkWQ Ldwfyax vkWu n MsoyiesUV vkWQ ykWftdy fFkfdax ,.M ,sMtLVesUV veax byhesaVjh Ldwy fpYMªsu] ih-,p-Mh- ,tqds'ku] mRdy ;wuhoflZVhA

jkcVZ ,oa Qzkafll-¼2002½- bUlkbDyksihfM;k vkWQ ,twds'ku fjlpZ] , izkstsDV vkWQ n vesfjdu ,twds'ku fjlpZ ,lksfl,'ku] QLVZ ,fM'ku] i`- 645

'kekZ] vkHkk ,oa osnh dkUrk-¼2016½ -,LVMhvkWQlsds.MjhLdwyVhplZ,IVhM;wVvckmVVhfpaxizksQs'ku

bUVjus'kuy tujy vkWQ ,T;wds'kuy Iykfuax ,.M ,MfeuULVªs'ku vkbZ ,l-,l- ,e 2249&3093

okY;we 6] vad 1 ¼2016½ ih-ih- 16

'kekZ] vpZuk ,oa pUnsy],u-ih-,l-¼2010½- izf'kf{kr ,oa vizf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa dh d{kk d{k v'kkfCnd lEizs"k.k

O;ogkj tkx:drk dk rqyukRed v/;;u] ,e-,M fMtVsZ'ku ,ClVªs tuojh 2011 prqFkZ vad Mh-bZvkbZ- vkxjk i`- 113

Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

fç;adkfrokjh

(Pg. 18377-18384) 18384

'kekZ] lat;- ¼2006½- f'k{kdksa dh f'k{k.k izHkko'khyrk ,oa ;kSuHksn ds ifjizs{; esa O;fDrRo dkjdksa dk v/;;u] ,e-,M vizdkf'kr y?kq'kks/k izca/k Mh-bZ-vkbZ- vkxjk A 'kekZ] —".kk- ¼2017½-laxBukRedokrkoj.kdkv/;kidksadhHkwfedknckodslanHkZesav/;;u] baVjus'kuy tujy v‚Q vIykbM fjlpZ- o‚Y;we 3 vad 8 Hkkx 1 ¼2017½'kekZ] ;ksxs'oj çlkn ,oa muds lkfFk;ksa-¼2021½- ek/;fedLrjds'kgjhrFkkxzkeh.kfo|kfFkZ;ksadh'kSf{kd#fp dklkekftdfo"k;esafu"ifÙkdk,drqyukRedv/;;u&vejksgktuindhfo'ks"klanHkZesa us'kuy tujy v‚Q eYVhfMlhfIyujh fjlpZ ,aM MsoyiesaV o‚Y;we 6 vad 2 o"kZ 2021-16&18;w-Vh-okbZ jkWcVZ-¼2005½- fjys'kuf'kifcVohuVhplZVhfpaxbQsfDVousl,.MLdwybQsfDVouslbudkWEizsgsUlho gkbZLdwyburkbokufjifCydvkWQpkbuk ] 2005½ b-vkj-vkbZ-lh- vku ykbZu lfCl'ku isij iztsUVsM ,V n baVjus'kuy dkaxzslA

Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies