Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 7.278, www.srjis.com
PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, OCT-NOV, 2022, VOL-10/54
lks'kfyLV ikVhZ dk xBu esa lektoknh usrk Hkwisaæ ukjk;.k eaMy dk ;ksxnku
ek/ko dqekj
'kks/kkFkhZ , jktuhfrdfoKkufoHkkx , Hkwisaæukjk;.keaMyfo'ofo|ky;ykywuxj e/ksiqj
Paper Received On: 25 NOV 2022
Peer Reviewed On: 30 NOV 2022
Published On: 1 DEC 2022
Abstract
Hkwisaæukjk;.keaMyvkSjlks'kfyLVusrkM‚jkeeuksgjyksfg;kdstkfr fo"k;fopkjksa esavn~Hkqr,d:irkgSbldksegtlaxfBr,d:irkdguk;kle>ukvkSjvki;kZIrgksxk nksuksa –f"VlaiUujktusrkogegtfopkjksaesathusokysyksxughaFksAfu"d"kZijigqapsgq, fopkjksalsghmudhthou–"VfufeZrgqbZFkhA
Hkwisaæukjk;.keaMydhjktuhfrlkekftd–f"VdsfuekZ.kdhviuhLora=çfØ;kgS mudsviusifjfLFkfrvuqHkogSfoLr`rvkSjO;kidv/;;ufparugS{ks=h;jktuhfrls'kq: djdsosjk"Vªh;jktuhfrdklQjdk;djrsgSavkSjlclscM+hckr;ggSfdyksfg;kth ds vlkekftd fu/ku ds ckn HkhHkwisUnzukjk;.keaMy lektoknh jktuhfrd dh ykWo dks tyk,j[krsgSaAlnuesayksfg;kthdsukgksuslstks[kkyhiuiSnkgqvk;kHkjldmldh HkjikbZdjusdhdksf'k'kdjrsjgsvR;are`nqHkk"khvuq'kkflre;kZfnrJs"Bgksrsgq,Hkhlkaln esalektoknhladYiksadksysdjvkØkedgkstk;kdjrsFksA Dqath : lekftdn`f"Vfparujktfufrdfu"d"kZ
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com izLrkouk
Hkwisaæ ukjk;.k eaMy ds leLr jktuhfrd fparu vkSj deZ dh dsaæh; /kwjh Hkkjrh; lekt dk og ekewyh vkneh gSA ftls O;oLFkk vkSj fu;fr ls feydj
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
ek/kodqekj (Pg. 13573-13579)
bruk vlgk; cuk fn;k gS fd og vkt u dy jk"Vªh; fpark cfYd yTtk dk fo"k; gSA mUgksaus ml ekewyh vkneh dks bl rjg fpfUgr fd;k gSA ^^turk dh rdyhQ dks vius gj dke ds flyflys es ns[kuk pkfg, fd esjs dke dk esjh cksyh dk D;k vlj turk ds Åij iMsxk [kkldj og turk ftlds ge xkftZ;u gS^^A 1 xzkeh.k {ks= ;k 'kgjh {ks= blh fuEure Lrj ij thusokys yksx dks dsaæ es j[kk dj Hkwisaæ ukjk;.k eaMy us iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dh ctV —f"k ;k m|ksx uhfr dh vksj vU; reke uhfr;ksa dh vkykspuk fd;kA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa mfYyf[kr dY;k.kdkjh jkT; dh vo/kkj.kk dh ;kn os ljdkj dks ges'kk fnykrs jgsA Hkwisaæ ukjk;.k eaMy us f'k{kk ls tqM+s gq, ftu reke tu la;ksx vkSj ç'uksa dks vkt ls yxHkx 50 o"kZ iwoZ ftruh xaHkhjrk ls lnu ds lkeus j[krk Fkk og vkt Hkh oSls gh vuqÙkfjr gS dgha dksbZ cnyko ugha gks ldk gSA vfrfFk;ksa igys ls dqN lq/kkj gqbZ gS mPp f'k{kk ds vkSj rduhdh f'k{kk ds ljdkjh laLFkkvks brus de gSaA vkSj mu esa ços'k dh çfØ;k bruh nq#l vkSj tfVy gS fd vkt Hkh fiNM+s vksj xjhcksa dks ogka i<+ ikuk cgqr dfBu gSA 17 ebZ 1934 bZLoh dks iVuk ds vatqeu bLykfe;k g‚y esa vkpk;Z ujsaæ nso th dh v/;{krk esa fo’kky lektoknh lEesyu gqvk bl lEesyu esa dkaxzslh lks'kfyLV ikVhZ dh uhao iM+h lkjs ns'k ds 100 ds yxHkx lektoknh ikVhZ esa bdë gqbZ Fkh mUgksaus r; fd;k fd vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij ikVhZ dk laxBu gksuk pkfg, lEesyu esa t;çdk'k ukjk;.k ikVhZ ds egkea=h cus mUgksaus gh lkjs ns'k dk nkSjk djds laxBu dks etcwr cuk;kA
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
ek/kodqekj (Pg. 13573-13579)
t;çdk'k ukjk;.k dks ns'k ds ikVhZ ds lektoknh usrkvksa dk lg;ksx feyk M‚ jke euksgj yksfg;k] vk;qä iVo/kZu laiw.kkZuan] ;qlwQ esgj vyh] v'kksd esgrk] ehuw lekuh] deyk nsoh] ea'kh vkgen mnhu tSls vusdksa lektoknh 'krd lkFkh muds dke esa gkFk crkus yxs lektoknh fopkj/kkjk esa og fo'okl j[kus okys dbZ fparu'khy yksx jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa fgLlk ys jgs FksA lu 1931 esa fcgkj esa ,d lektoknh ikVhZ dk xBu Hkh gks pqdk Fkk ftlesa jkeo`{k csuhiqjh] xaxk 'kj.k flag] Qwyu çlkn oekZ] ';ke uanu flag] vCnqy ckjh fl)dh v/;{k ,oa vc cksy fn;k pkan tSls yksxksa dh lfØ; Hkwfedk Fkh mlh le; iatkc rFkk dqN vU; çkarksa esa Hkh lks'kfyLV ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk gqbZ Fkh ysfdu jk"Vªh; Lrj ij lektokfn;ksa dk dksbZ laxBu ugha FkkA lq/kka'kq jatu ds 'kCnksa] esa oSls lektoknh ikVhZ ds xBu ds fy, vk/kkjf'kyk ukfld tsy esa gh rS;kj gks pqdh Fkh] Lora=rk vkanksyu ds nkSjku tc fxj¶rkj gksdj tslh ukfld tsy x, rks la;ksxo'k dbZ çfrHkk vkSj lefiZr usrk Hkh canh ftlesa çeq[k Fks M‚ jke euksgj yksfg;k] ehuw elkfu] ,uth xkSj] v'kksd esgrk] ,oa ;qlwQ] esgj vyh] Hkwisaæ ukjk;.k eaMy tSls lektokfn;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk eksjkjth nslkbZ vkSj ts lh dqekjIik tSls dêj lektoknh Hkh Fks ukfld tsy esa can usrkvksa esa eqacbZ ds rglhy vf/koäk Hkksyk HkkbZ nslkbZ Hkh Fks lektoknh fopkj/kkjk dks ekuuh; okys bu lHkh vkanksyudkfj;ksa esa vikj Lusg LFkkfir gks x;k FkkA tsih vkSj ehuw elkuh ds chp nksLrh vkSj Hkh çxks/k FkhA bu yksxks ds chp ,d lektoknh ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk ds fy, xgu fopkj foe'kZ gksrh FkhA nks lokyksa ij fo'ks"k :i ls ppkZ gksrh FkhA dh vktknh dh yM+kbZ dks fdl rjg vkSj etcwr rFkk /kkjnkj cuk;k tk, nwljh ppkZ ;g Hkh dh vktknh
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
ek/kodqekj (Pg. 13573-13579)
ds ckn Lojkt dk Lo:i dSlk gS gks lektoknh yksxksa dk fopkj ;k fdl lekt ds detksj rFkk vkisf{kr rcdksa dh vkdka{kkvksa dks Lora=rk laxzke ds mís'; ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg, rHkh vkanksyu dk tuk/kkj Hkh O;kid gksxk oSls ns[kk tk, rks dbZ jk"Vªh; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; ?kVukvksa dk Hkh ikVhZ ds xBu ij çHkko ijk FkkA Hkkjrh; turk dk la?k"kZ esa tSlk dgk fd ^^ og le; vk x;k gS tcfd u, fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij u, rjhds ls dkaxzsl dk ewY; iw.kZ xBu fd;k tk,^^ dkaxzsl ds usr`Ro vkSj <kaps esa ifjorZu dh blh vkdka{kk dk ,d ifj.kke ds :i esa 1934 esa dkaxzsl lks'kfyLV ikVhZ dk tUe gqvk Fkk tokgjyky usg: Hkh okeiaFkh fopkj/kkjk ls cgqr çHkkfor Fks blhfy, os [kqysvke lektokn dks leFkZu djus yxs FksA lektoknh dk;ZØe dh ,d :ijs[kk rS;kj dh Fkh 17 ebZ 1934 bZLoh dks iVuk esa ;k lEesyu blhfy, vk;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk D;ksafd igys ls fcgkj esa ,d lks'kfyLV ikVhZ Fkh dkaxzsl lks'kfyLV ikVhZ rks dkaxzsl ds vanj gh cuh Fkh ijarq blds laLFkkid dkaxzsl usr`Ro ds f[kykQ Fks iVuk lEesyu esa t;çdk'k ukjk;.k dks laxBu ea=h fu;qä fd;k x;k laxBu ea=h dh gSfl;r ls ikVhZ dk çpkj çlkj djus ds fy, iwjs ns'k esa vyx&vyx çkarksa esa ikVh dh 'kk[kk,a [kksyh FkhA vDVwcj 1934 esa laiw.kkZuan dh v/;{krk esa ,d lEesyu gqvk ftlesa dkaxzsl lks'kfyLV ikVhZ dh fof/kor LFkkiuk gqbZ Fkh vkpk;Z ujsaæ nso blds v/;{k vkSj t;çdk'k ukjk;.k egklfpo cuk, x, Fks lektoknh ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk dks dkaxzsl ds cgqr ls usrkvksa us ilan ugha fd;k Fkk iBkuh lhrk jeS;k us 21
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
ek/kodqekj (Pg. 13573-13579)
fnlacj 1934 dks ljnkj iVsy dks fy[ks ,d i= esa lektoknh ikVhZ ds laLFkkidksa dks Lde dg fn;kA dkaxzsl ds vanj lks'kfyLV fopkjksa ds yksxksa dh cSBd djus vkSj dkaxzsl ds vanj ,d lks'kfyLV ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk djus dk çLrko laiw.kkZuan th us fd;k Fkk mUgksaus ,d lektoknh dk;ZØe rS;kj fd;k vkSj ,d i= ds lkFk mls okeiaFkh rFkk lektoknh #>ku okys dkaxzsl usrkvksa ds ikl HkstkA bl i= ds vkjaHk esa gh vQlksl tkfgj djrs gq, dgk x;k Fkk fd Hkkjr esa lektokfn;ksa dh la[;k cgqr cM+h gS vkSj buesa cgqr ls yksx bekunkj ekdZ~lokn Fks ysfdu ,d dk;ZØe ds vk/kkj mudks laxfBr djus vkSj muds dk;ksaZ dks lapkfyr djus ds fy, dksbZ vf[ky Hkkjrh; lektoknh ikVhZ ugha gS fulansg Hkkjr ds cgqr ls çns'kksa esa lektoknh xqV lfØ; gS ^^ysfdu vHkh rd og lektoknh dks mfpr LFkku fnykus esa lQy ugha gq, gSa vc oä vk x;k gS fd ,d lektoknh xqV dk xBu fd;k tk, ftldk de ls de ,d egRoiw.kZ va'k dkaxzsl ds gkFk tqM+k gks^^A4 lnL;ksa ds ijLij fopkj fofu;e ds ckn bl fu"d"kZ ij igqaps fd dkaxzsl lks'kfyLV ds vf[ky Hkkjrh; laxBu dh LFkkiuk dk le; vk x;k gS laxBu ds dk;ZØe vkSj fo/kku ds laca/kh dks rS;kj djus ds fy, ,d mi lfefr cukbZ xbZ ftlds v/;{k vkpk;Z ujsaæ nso ds vkOgku ij t;çdk'k ukjk;.k vkSj Hkwisaæ ukjk;.k eaMy FksA lEesyu esa dkaxzsl lks'kfyLV uke ls viuk dsaæh; eq[; ik= fudkyus dk QSlyk Hkh fd;k x;kA mlus ?kksf"kr fd;k fd Hkkjr ds laiw.kZ Lok/khurk çkIr djus lektoknh lekt dh LFkkiuk djus dk y{; j[kk x;k Fkk] dkaxzsl lks'kfyLV ikVhZ us [kqn
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
ek/kodqekj (Pg. 13573-13579)
vius tUe dk fooj.k vius nwljs lEesyu tuojh 1936 esjB fd FksfFkl esa fn;k Fkk mlesa dgka x;k dkaxzsl lks'kfyLV ikVhZ dk tUe nks jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds vuqHkoksa ds xoZ ls gqvkA vr% ;g LokHkkfod Fkk fd ifjfLFkfr dh vko';drk dks iwjk djus ds fy, tks laxBu iSnk gqvk mlus lks'kfyLV fo'ks"k.k xzg.k fd;k lks'kfyLV 'kCn ds igys tqM+k dkaxzsl 'kCn jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds lkFk flQZ Hkwr gh ugha orZeku vkSj Hkkoh thfor dks çdV djrk Fkk dE;qfuLVksa dk dguk Fkk fd lks'kfyLV ikVhZ dks dkaxzsl ds vanj ugha cfYd mls Lora= laxBu ds :i esa etnwj oxZ ds usr`Ro esa cukuk pkfg, blds ckotwn tc dkaxzsl lks'kfyLV ikVhZ cu xbZ rks mUgksaus mlds lkFk lg;ksx dk #[k viuk;k Fkk t;çdk'k ukjk;.k vius fo|kFkhZ thou esa la;qä jkT; vesfjdk dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds lnL; Fks] Hkkjr okil vkus ij os fganqLrku dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds lnL; ugha cus ysfdu muds fopkjksa ij ekdZ~lokn dh Nki Li"V FkhA ;g iqLrd ml le; cgqr pfpZr gqbZ Fkh vkSj vusdksa yksxksa dks lektokn dh rjQ vkdf"kZr fd;k Fkk [kkldj dkaxzsl dk;ZdrkZvksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj fy[kh xbZ bl iqLrd ds vkjaHk esa gh Li"V fd;k gS fd lektokn dk ,d gh çdkj gS ,d gh fl)kar gS vkSj og ekdZ~lokn gS Li"V gS fd t;çdk'k ukjk;.k Hkwisaæ ukjk;.k eaMy ftl lektokn dh ckr dj jgs Fks og dkYifud lektokn ugha Fkk cfYd og oSKkfud lektokn Fkk ;k lektokn dSls yk;k tk ldrk gSA mUgksaus viuh iqLrd esa Li"V fy[kk gS fd vHkh rd dsoy dE;qfuLVksa us :l esa viuh egku vkSj mYys[kuh; lQyrk ds }kjk viuk dk;Z uhfr laca/kh fl)kar lgh lkfcr fd;k gS tks O;fä nwljs rjhdksa dh ckrsa djrs jgs gSa og gj
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
ek/kodqekj (Pg. 13573-13579)
txg vlQy fl) gqbZ gS lektokn ds fcuk Lok/khurk dh txg lekt dk Lok/khurk dk;e djuk gh mfpr gS lektokn ds fcuk Lok/khurk v/kwjh gksxh Lok/khurk ds lkFk&lkFk vkfFkZd Lok/khurk t:jh gS vkSj bl vkfFkZd Lok/khurk dk ,d gh vFkZ gS lektokn] lektokn ds fcuk vkfFkZd Lok/khurk fHkUu çiap gSA
HkwisUnz ukjk;.k eaMy jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dk usr`Ro iwathifr oxZ ds gkFk ls Nhu dj etnwj oxZ ds gkFk esa ykus dh t:jr ij tksj nsrs jgs tgka rd dE;qfuLVksa dh ckr gS rks 1935&36 esa dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dk QSlyk Fkk fd og [kqn dkaxzsl esa 'kkfey uk gksxh vius Lora= vfLrRo dks cuk, j[ksxh ysfdu mlds lnL; O;fäxr :i ls dkaxzsl ds lnL; cusaxs vkSj mlds vanj dke djsaxs og Hkhrj vkSj ckgj ls bl rjg tksj yxk,axs ftlls fd dkaxzsl ds fo/kku esa la'kks/ku gks tk, vkSj esgur djds laxBu dks dkaxzsl ls laca/k gksus dk ekSdk fey tk, bl rjg lektoknh fopkj/kkjk okys lHkh usrkx.k ,dtqV gksdj fcgkj esa ,d lektoknh ikVhZ ds xBu dks fny [kksydj leFkZu fd;sA
lanHkZ xzaFk lwph
HkwisUnzukjk;.keaMYklfefrxzaFklaikndeaMy';keyfd’kksj;knoi`"B6&114 Ckwan&cwanlp,dlkxjdk]laikndHkwisanze/ksiqjh]i`"B&133
LknuesaHkwisUnzukjk;.keaMy]laiknd';keyfd’kksj;kno]lfPpnkuan;kno]vkyksd dqekj]i`"B&25
Lok/khurklaxzkevkSjlektoknhfopkj/kkjklaikndMkWDVjpanzyksdHkkjrh&i`"B&25
LkekftdU;k;vacsMdjfopkjvkSjvk/kqfudlanHkZMkW - lq/kka’kq'ks[kj&i`"B36]37
Lkektokfnfparddsvejlk/kdMkW0HkwisUnzukjk;.keaMy'kjnsUnqdqekji`"B&21 t;izdk’kukjk;.k,dthouhJhjkeo`{kcsuhiqjh
Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language