BRAIN
Received October 31, 2016; accepted August 30, 2017.
Two Cases of Diabetic Striatopathy: A Rare Movement Disorder Associated with Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
From the Radiology Department at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center (S.L., J.D., R.P., M.P.), San Jose, California. Presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Neuroradiology, May 23–26, 2016, Washington, DC. Please address correspondence to Stephanie Lin, MD, Radiology Department, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 S Bascom Ave, San Jose, CA 95128; e-mail: SL457@cornell.edu.
S. Lin, J. Dorr, R. Pandit, and M. Patel
http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ng.1600046
ABSTRACT
Disclosures Based on information received from the authors, Neurographics has determined that there are no Financial Disclosures or Conflicts of Interest to report.
Diabetic striatopathy is the term used to describe a rare syndrome that occurs in patients with nonketotic hyperglycemia. This entity is uncommonly seen but has a distinctive clinical presentation of hemichorea-hemiballismus, with characteristic imaging findings in the basal ganglia. In this report, we present 2 cases of diabetic striatopathy with a brief review of existing literature.
INTRODUCTION
There are several causes for the clinical presentation of hemichorea-hemiballismus, including stroke, infections, drugs, metabolic derangements, neurodegenerative disorders, neoplasm, and nonketotic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.1 The classic imaging appearance of diabetic striatopathy in the appropriate clinical setting essentially excludes other etiologies and should be recognized by the radiologist. In this report, we present 2 cases of this uncommon syndrome with a brief review of existing literature. CASE 1
A 56-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with choreiform involuntary movements of the left upper extremity and left lower extremity, which had begun 3 weeks before presentation and had been progressively worsening. On physical examination, the patient had normal strength and sensation in the left upper and lower extremities, and no additional focal neurologic findings. A noncontrast CT of the 424
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head showed asymmetric hyperattenuation in the right basal ganglia (Fig 1A). Subsequent noncontrast MR imaging of the brain demonstrated corresponding T1 hyperintensity in the right basal ganglia (Fig 1B). The lesion was isointense to gray matter on T2WI and gradient-echo imaging, and no restricted diffusion was seen (Fig 1D). There was no enhancement on postcontrast T1WI (Fig 2B). Clinically, at presentation, the hemoglobin A1c level was significantly elevated, at 13.7%; fasting blood glucose was mildly elevated, at 168 mg/dL; and results of testing for urine ketones were negative. The patient’s symptoms persisted at her last clinical follow-up 1 year after the initial episode, despite improved glycemic control and symptomatic treatment with risperidone and gabapentin. CASE 2
A 73-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with 3 days of involuntary hemiballistic jerking motions of the right lower extremity and associated difficulty with walking. Sensation was normal, and no ad-
Neurographics 2018 November/December;8(6):424 – 427; www.neurographics.org