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varjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa dk lanfHkZr 'kks/ fgUnh ekfld Email-wgmrak@gmail.com, drishtipathindi@gmail.com, www.drishtipat.com, www.drishtipatpatrika.blogspot.in, www.facebook.com/drishtipatpatrika
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am±Mr, df© : 13, A§H : 146, Zdå~a - 2017, RNI- JHAHIN/2005/17041 laikndh; ijke'khZ MkW0 ;'kks/jk jkBkSj fxjh'k iadt MkW0 Ñ".k d÷ekj iztkifr fot; jatu
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iz/ku lEiknd v#.k d÷ekj >k izca/ laiknd ikoZrh flag dk;Zdkjh laiknd fou; d÷ekj feJ lkfgR; leUo; laiknd jktho vkuUn izca/u eerk >k fnYyh C;wjks lat; d÷ekj fxfj dukZVd d÷ekj vfouk'k fcgkj C;wjks uoy fd'kksj d÷ekj Nk;kdkj tkosn fo'ks"k lg;ksxh jek/h'k izlkn Hkksyk flag] ,e0,l0 Hkkjrh d÷ekj vuqjkx (lHkh in voSrfud)
Editorial Ofce DRISHTIPAT ( Hindi Monthly) J.F.8/9, Harmu Housing Colony, Ranchi- 834002, 09031975537, 09471760495
1 laØe.k dky ls xqtjrk ns'k 2 usg:th ij Hkk"k.k 3 bafnjk xka/h % fgEer vkSj dke;kch dh --4 >kj[kaM dy] vkt vkSj dy 5 eksnh gksus dk eryc 6 ,sls Fks lkfgj yqf/;kuoh 7 MkW0 ujsUæ feJ dh d÷N xtysa 8 bfrgkl vkSj feFkd ds tfj;s orZeku dks--9 Hkkjrh; lekt esa fgUnh flusek dk izHkko--10 pS=k ioZ vkSj NkS u`R; esa laca/ % ,d --11 lkBksÙkj fgUnh ukVdksa esa fuEu eè;eoxZ--12 eéq Hk.Mkjh dk dFkk&lkfgR; % ,d --13 ^phQ dh nkor* dgkuh dk lekt'kk=kh;--14 >k[k.M dh izeq[k Hkk"kkvksa esa [ksy xhr 15 ukxiqjh xhrksa ds jkxksa esa vyadkjksa dh--16 Mcy Qhl (dgkuh) 17 iapijxfu;k yksdxhrksa dk oxhZdj.k 18 English Language- An Integral Part of the... 19 Hkkjrh; ukjh % fLFkfr;k¡ vkSj laHkkfor f'k{kk 20 tudfo ukxktqZu 21 MkW0 [kxsUæ Bkd÷j dk O;aX; ys[ku 22 j/qohj lgk; dh dfork esa jktuhfrd psruk 23 fxfjMhg ftyk dks csgrj dkuwu O;oLFkk---
v#.k d÷ekj >k vVy fcgkjh cktis;h fQjnkSl [kku banj flag uke/kjh v#.k ekgs'ojh tkosn v[rj MkW0 ujsUæ feJ Ñ".k d÷ekj ;kno vkuUn nkl jkds'k fdj.k laè;k d÷ekjh iwtk d÷ekjh MkW0 e`R;qat; dksbZjh fltjsu lqjhu jket; ukbZd lq'khyk JhokLro izHkqn;ky flag eq.Mk fnO;k jkuh js.kq d÷ekjh fcfurk oekZ e`R;qat; d÷ekj izekf.kd yfyrk d÷ekjh fcu; feJ
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 19 21 23 24 25 27 29 30 31 33 36
Lokeh] izdk'kd] eqæd ,oa laiknd v#.k d÷ekj >k }kjk lqHkk"k fiazfVax izsl] xkM+h[kkuk pkSd] gjew jksM] jk¡ph&1 ls eqfær ,oa ts-,Q- 8@9] gjew vkoklh; dkWyksuh] jk¡ph- 834002] ls izdkf'kr ,oa -lai2017 kfnrZdå~a 3 ISSN2231-3079
dfork
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qfu;k dk dksbZ Hkh ns'k gks] ml ns'k dh turk ges'kk ml 'kkld dh xqyke gh gksrh gSA 'kklu vkSj 'kkld ds uke rjg&rjg ds gks ldrs gSaA d÷N yqHkkous] rks d÷N Mjkous HkhA tSls] yksdra=k] jktra=k] taxyra=k] xq.Mkra=k] rkuk'kkgh&ra=k vkfn&vkfnA bfrgkl xokg gS jktra=k esa jktk&egkjktk vkil esa vius ,s'o;Z] 'kksgjr vkSj opZLo dh [kkfrj dHkh vius gh ifjokj rks dHkh vius gh lekt ds lkFk yM+rs&ejrs jgs gSaA NksVh&NksVhs fj;klrksa vkSj d÷ucksa ds fy, Hkh yM+rs&>xM+rs jgs gSaA bl yM+kbZ esa ges'kk tu&/u dh Hkkjh {kfr gksrh jgh gSA mifuos'kokn vkSj lkezkT;okn ds dkj.k fdruh lH;rk,¡ mRiUu gqb±] oks lc ge tkurs gSaA Hkys gh os lc vc dky ds xky esa lek pqdh gSaA opZLo ds fy, yM+us okys le;&le; ij viuh rkdr vkSj thr ls c<+s gq, eukscy ds dkj.k jkT;&foLrkj Hkh djrs jgs gSa] ysfdu jk"Vª /eZ dh Hkkouk fdUgha yM+kd÷vksa ds eu esa dHkh ugha jghA muesa turk ds fgrksa dh lksp ugha jghA os fugk;r O;fäoknh gh jgsA bfrgkl lk{kh gS] uke ugha yw¡xk mudk] mu 'kwjohjksa dk] ftuds rFkkdfFkr 'kkS;Z&rks&'kkS;Z] mudh dk;jrk dks Hkh d÷N xqyke ekufldrk okys vfrokfn;ksa us efgekeafMr fd;k vkSj vkt Hkh mudh xkFkkvksa dks xkus ds fy, etcwj dj jgs gSaA tks yksx vius fy, ejs vkSj vius fy, ft,] mudks efgek eafMr djuk lkekftd vijk/ gSA ysfdu viokn Lo:i d÷N ohj liwrksa vkSj ohjkaxkukvksa us ns'k vkSj lekt dh HkykbZ ds fy, viuk loZLo U;ksNkoj Hkh fd;k gSA exj nqHkkZX; vkSj 'keZukd gS fd mudk vkt dksbZ ukeysok Hkh ugha gSA vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa ftu laLFkkvksa vkSj O;fä;ksa us nq'euksa ds lkFk fey dj ns'k ds lkFk xíkjh dh] mUgha vfroknh O;fä vkSj laLFkkvksa ds dkj.k fQyoä ns'k ng'kr esa gS] vkSj Mjk gqvk gSA dkyØe esa Hkkjr ns'k esa Hkh Hkkjh mFky&iqFky gksrh jgh gSA ekS;Zdky dky ds iwoZ vkSj i'pkr tks Hkh 'kklu O;oLFkk cuh] ml nkSjku lHkh rkdroj vkrrkb;ksa us vius&vius rjhds ls ywV&[klksV vkSj viuk opZLo dk;e djus ds fy, turk dks xqyke cuk;kA ,sls reke yksx turk dk Hkjiwj 'kks"k.k dj viuh jkt'kkgh pykrs jgsA bu lc ds ikl rjg&rjg ds gFkdaMs gksrs Fks] ftl dkj.k cspkjh turk ges'kk cspkjxh dh pDdh esa ihlrh jghA nqHkkZX; dh ckr gS fd vkt Hkh fil jgh gSA dgus dks rks ge vktkn gks x;s gSa ysfdu oLrqr% ge vktkn ugha gks ik;s gSaA eqxfy;k vkSj fczfV'k O;oLFkk ds va'k vHkh Hkh gekjh 'kklu O;oLFkk dk fgLlk cuh gqbZ gSA vnkyrh fØ;kdykiksa esa ys'k ek=k dk la'kks/u rks fn[krk gS] ckdh dke iqjkus <jsZ ij gh py jgk gSA vktknh ds Lokn mUgha yksxksa dks irk gS tks O;oLFkk dks pyk jgs gSaA lÙkk ds gLrkarj.k dks vktknh ekuus okyh Hkkjrh; turk Hk;] vfuf'prrk vkSj etcwjho'k vc jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa vkSj ikVhZ ds vkdkvksa dh ekufld xqykeh esa yx xbZ gSA oksV ra=k dh O;oLFkk rks jkt'kkgh dks Hkh ihNs NksM+ pqdh gSA fczfV'k dky esa vaxzst yksx Hkkjrh;ksa dh ekufldrk dks le>rs gq, ^QøV Mkyks vkSj jkt djks* ds flðkar dks viuk gfFk;kj cuk dj Hkkjr ij dCtk dj pqds Fks vkSj d÷N Hkkjroa'kh rFkkdfFkr ohj liwr
Zdå~a - 2017 X¥{îQnmV
g§H« _U H mc go JwOaVm Xoe vaxzstksa dh xqykeh djus esa vxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs ns[ks x,A oSlh gh fLFkfr vc Hkh dk;e gS cfYd vc mlls Hkh T;knk [krjukd vkSj 'keZ'kkj flðkUr mUgksaus x<+ fy;k x;k gS& uQjr] oSeuL;rk vkSj fQjdkijLrh dh jktuhfr dkA ns'k esa ekStwn xanh jktuhfr ns'k dks iqu% xqykeh dh vksj <dyus dh O;oLFkk esa tqV xbZ gSA xanh lksp dh jktuhfr yksdra=k dks ?kky; djus yx xbZ gSA og fnu nwj ugha tc yksdra=k cqjh rjg uQjr] fQjdkijLr] oSeuL;rk dh jktuhfr dh vkx esa HkLehHkwr gks tkus okyk gSA orZeku yksdra=k ls turk dk fo'okl mBus yxk gSA varjjk"Vªh; laLFkk ds losZ esa Hkkjr dk yksdra=k ukSosa LFkku ij vk x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa Hkkjr ds orZeku O;oLFkkidksa dks 'keZ ls Mwc ejuk pkfg;sA tkfrHksn] uLyHksn /eZHksn dh jktuhfr ds dkj.k ukxfjd O;oLFkk iwjh rjg pjejk xbZ gSA ikfVZ;k¡ Hkh ,d nwljs ij dhpM+ mNkyus dh xanh ekufldrk ds dkj.k vfu'prrk ds nkSj ls xqtj jgh gS] ftl otg ls muesa cqjh vkSj vPNh ckrksa dk varj lekIr gks x;k gSA ns'k dh O;oLFkk ds 'kh"kZ ij cSBs yksx vkReeqX/k ds f'kdkj gks x, gSaA turk ds fgr dh txg os vius eku&vieku dh fpark esa Mwcs utj vkus yxs gSaA çfr}a}h ikVhZ dks dSls uhpk fn[kk;k tk,] blds fy;s xkyh ds dkSu&lk 'kCn vPNk gksxk] mls [kkst&[kkst dj ,d nwljs ij çgkj djus esa yx x, gSaA muds Hkk"k.kksa dk Lrj fuEu&ls&fuEure Lrj ij vk x;k gSA 'kklu O;oLFkk dSlh gks] bl ds fy, orZeku O;oLFkk fcuk lksp&fopkj vkSj rS;kjh ds udyph ;kstukvksa dks turk ij Fkksi&Mkyrh gSA ftldk [kkfe;ktk ns'k dh 95 çfr'kr turk Hkksxrh gSA xk¡o&fxjke esa ,d iqjkuh dgkor çpfyr gS& ^^[kLlh dh tku tk;s] [koS;k ds LoknA** Bhd blh rjg turk dh gkM+rksM+ esgur dh dekbZ dks fodkl ds uke ij ljdkj vkSj ljdkj ds uqekbUns gM+i dj tkrs gSaA cM+s&cM+s iwathifr vkSj lÙkk ds nyky O;oLFkk esa ?kqliSfB;s ds :i esa 'kkfey gSaA mUgha ds b'kkjs ij vkaf'kd :i ls ns'k dh 'kklu O;oLFkk py jgh gSA dkuwu vkSj iqfyl O;oLFkk rks taxy jkT; ls Hkh cnrj gks pyh gSA Fkkusnkj tehankj dh Hkwfedk esa vk x;s gSaA buds NksVs vf/dkfj;ksa esa uSfrdrk uke dh dksbZ pht ugha jg xbZ gSA ftl dkj.l vf/dka'k vf/dkfj;ks dk pfj=k xq.Mksa vkSj eokyh ls Hkh T;knk Hkz"V gks pqdk gSA ogh fLFkfr d÷N ykyph vkSj drZO;P;qr gq, yksxksa ds dkj.k fupyh vnkyrksa dh gks x;h gSA ukxfjd lqfo/kvksa ds egdes rks lsB&lkgwdkjksa dh Hkwfedk vnk djus esa tqV x, gSaA jktuhfr ds NqVHkS;s usrk vkSj muds vkdk djksM+ifr vkSj vjcifr cuus dh gksM+ esa yx x;s gSaA ns'k dh xjhc turk esa gkgkdkj vkSj ng'kr gSA 98 izfr'kr dkjiksjsV ehfM;k viuh lYrur cpkus ds fy, lÙkk dh nykyh esa yxh gqbZ gSA orZekr O;oLFkk ls turk Hk;Hkhr] vk'kafdr vkSj vfuf'prrk esa th jgh gSA blh dkj.k bu O;oLFkkvksa ls yksxksa dk fo'okl vc iwjh rjg pjejkus yxk gSA ns'k esa ^ftldh ykBh mldh HkSal* dh O;oFkk mRié gksrh izrhr gks jgh gSSA bl vklUu ladV ls dkSu elhgk ns'k dks laHkkysxk] ;g ,d ç'u lqjlk dh rjg eq¡g ck;s [kM+k gSA
Zdå~a - 2017
4
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
tUe fnol ij fo'ks"k tokgjyky usg: dh e`R;q ij yksdlHkk esa vVy fcgkjh oktis;h ds O;ä bu mn~xkjksa dks if<, vkSj nsf[k, fd oktis;h dks viuk fir`iq#"k crkus okys vkt ds lÙkk/kjh vkSj muds d÷i< leFkZd fdrus fupys Lrj ij vkdj usg: ds O;fäRo vkSj ÑfrRo dks ykafNr vkSj viekfur djus dk vfHk;ku pyk, gq, gSaA &nsosUæ lqjtu th ds Qslcqd oky ls
v/;{k egksn;] ,d liuk Fkk tks v/wjk jg x;k] ,d xhr Fkk tks xw¡xk gks x;k] ,d ykS Fkh tks vuUr esa foyhu gks xbZA liuk Fkk ,d ,sls lalkj dk tks Hk; vkSj Hkw[k ls jfgr gksxk] xhr Fkk ,d ,sls egkdkO; dk ftlesa xhrk dh xw¡t vkSj xqykc dh xa/ FkhA ykS Fkh ,d ,sls nhid dh tks jkr Hkj tyrk jgk] gj v¡/sjs ls yM+rk jgk vkSj gesa jkLrk fn[kkdj] ,d çHkkr esa fuokZ.k dks çkIr gks x;kA e`R;q /zqo gS] 'kjhj u'oj gSA dy dapu dh ftl dk;k dks ge panu dh fprk ij p<+k dj vk, mldk uk'k fuf'pr FkkA ysfdu D;k ;g t:jh Fkk fd ekSr bruh pksjh fNis vkrh\ tc laxh&lkFkh lks, iM+s Fks] tc igjsnkj cs[kcj Fks] gekjs thou dh ,d vewY; fuf/ yqV xbZA Hkkjr ekrk vkt 'kksdeXuk gS] mldk lcls cM+k ykMyk jktd÷ekj [kks x;kA ekuork vkt f[kUueuk gS] mldk iqtkjh lks x;kA 'kkafr vkt v'kkar gS] mldk j{kd pyk x;kA nfyrksa dk lgkjk NwV x;kA tu tu dh vk¡[k dk rkjk VwV x;kA ;ofudk ikr gks x;kA fo'o ds jaxeap dk çeq[k vfHkusrk viuk vafre vfHku; fn[kkdj vUrè;kZu gks x;kA
fn[kkuk gSA usrk pyk x;k] vuq;k;h jg x,A lw;Z vLr gks x;k] rkjksa dh Nk;k esa gesa viuk ekxZ <w¡<uk gSA ;g ,d egku ijh{kk dk dky gSA ;fn ge lc vius dks lefiZr dj ldsa ,d ,sls egku mís'; ds fy, ftlds vUrxZr Hkkjr l'kä gks] leFkZ vkSj le`ð gks vkSj LokfHkeku ds lkFk fo'o 'kkafr dh og 'kkafr ds iqtkjh] fdUrq ØkfUr ds vxznwr FksA os fpjLFkkiuk esa viuk ;ksx ns lds rks ge muds çfr vfgalk ds mikld Fks] fdUrq Lok/hurk vkSj lEeku lPph Jðkatfy vfiZr djus esa lQy gksaxsA laln esa dh j{kk ds fy, gj gfFk;kj ls yM+us ds fgek;rh FksA mudk vHkko dHkh ugha HkjsxkA 'kk;n rhu ewfrZ dks os O;fäxr Lok/khurk ds leFkZd Fks fdUrq vkfFkZd mu tSlk O;fä dHkh Hkh vius vfLrRo ls lkFkZd lekurk ykus ds fy, çfrcð FksA mUgksaus le>kSrk ugha djsxkA og O;fäRo] og ftankfnyh] fojks/h dks djus esa fdlh ls Hk; ugha [kk;k] fdUrq fdlh ls Hkh lkFk ys dj pyus dh og Hkkouk] og lTturk] Hk;Hkhr gksdj le>kSrk ugha fd;kA ikfdLrku vkSj og egkurk 'kk;n fudV Hkfo"; esa ns[kus dks ugha phu ds çfr mudh uhfr blh vn~Hkqr lfEeJ.k dh feysxhA erHksn gksrs gq, Hkh muds egku vkn'kks± ds çrhd FkhA mlesa mnkjrk Hkh Fkh] n`<+rk Hkh FkhA ;g çfr] mudh çkekf.kdrk ds çfr] mudh ns'kHkfä ds nqHkkZX; gS fd bl mnkjrk dks nqcZyrk le>k x;k] çfr] vkSj muds vVwV lkgl ds çfr gekjs ân; esa tcfd d÷N yksxksa us mudh n`<+rk dks gBokfnrk vknj ds vfrfjä vkSj d÷N ugha gSA le>kA eq>s ;kn gS] phuh vkØe.k ds fnuksa esa tc gekjs if'peh fe=k bl ckr dk ç;Ru dj jgs Fks fd ge d'ehj ds ç'u ij ikfdLrku ls dksbZ le>kSrk dj ysa rc ,d fnu eSaus mUgsa cM+k Ø÷/ ik;kA tc muls dgk x;k fd d'ehj ds ç'u ij le>kSrk ugha gksxk rks gesa nks ekspks± ij yM+uk iM+sxk rks fcxM+ x, vkSj dgus yxs fd vxj vko';drk iM+sxh rks ge nksuksa ekspks± ij yM+saxsA fdlh ncko esa vkdj os ckrphr djus ds f[kykQ FksA egksn;] ftl Lora=krk ds os lsukuh vkSj laj{kd Fks] vkt og Lora=krk ladVkiUu gSA lEiw.kZ 'kfä ds lkFk gesa mldh j{kk djuh gksxhA ftl jk"Vªh; ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk ds os mUuk;d Fks] vkt og Hkh foinxzLr gSA gj iafMrth ds thou esa egkdfo ds mlh dFku dh ,d >yd fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA og 'kkafr ds iqtkjh] fdUrq ØkfUr ds vxznwr FksA os vfgalk ds mikld Fks] fdUrq Lok/hurk vkSj lEeku dh j{kk ds fy, gj gfFk;kj ls yM+us ds fgek;rh FksA
ewY; pqdk dj gesa mls dk;e j[kuk gksxkA ftl Hkkjrh; yksdra=k dh mUgksaus LFkkiuk dh] mls lQy egf"kZ okYehfd us jkek;.k esa Hkxoku jke ds cuk;k] vkt mlds Hkfo"; ds çfr Hkh vk'kadk,a lEca/ esa dgk gS fd os vlaHkoksa ds leUo; FksA çdV dh tk jgh gSaA gesa viuh ,drk ls] vuq'kklu ls] vkRe&fo'okl ls bl yksdra=k dks lQy djds
bUgha 'kCnksa ds lkFk eSa ml egku vkRek ds çfr viuh fouez Jðkatfy vfiZr djrk gw¡A &vVy fcgkjh oktis;h }kjk 29 ebZ] 1964 dks laln esa fn;k x;k Hkk"k.kA
Zdå~a - 2017
5
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
tUe fnol ij fo'ks"k
^ykS
g efgyk* ds uke ls e'kgwj bafnjk xka/h u flQZ Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ij NkbZ jgha] cfYd fo'o jktuhfr ds f{kfrt ij Hkh lwjt dh rjg pedhaA mudh ftUnxh la?k"kZ] pqukSfr;ksa vkSj dke;kch dk ,d ,slk lQjukek gS] tks vnE; lkgl dk bfrgkl c;ka djrk gSA vius dk;Zdky esa mUgksaus vusd jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk fd;k vkSj gj ekspsZ ij dke;kch dk ijpe ygjk;kA ekeyk pkgs dkaxzsl ikVhZ dh van:uh dyg dk gks] vyxkookn dk gks] ikfdLrku ds lkFk tax dk gks] ckaXykns'k dh vktknh dk gks] ;k fQj blh rjg dk dksbZ vkSj cM+k eqík gksA gj ekeys esa mUgksaus viuh lw>cw> vkSj lkgl dk ifjp; fn;kA cSadksa ds jk"Vªh;dj.k] çhoh ilZ dk [kkRek] çFke iks[kj.k ijek.kq foLQksV] çFke gfjr Økafr tSls dk;ks± ds fy, mUgsa ges'kk ;kn fd;k tk,xkA xqVfujis{k vkanksyu dh vxqokbZ vkSj ckaXykns'k dh vktknh Hkh muds lkgfld dk;ks± esa 'kkfey gSA ns'k dh igyh efgyk ç/kuea=kh bafnjk xka/h dk tUe 19 uoacj 1917 dks mÙkj çns'k ds bykgkckn 'kgj esa gqvk FkkA mudk iwjk uke bafnjk fç;nf'kZuh xka/h FkkA muds firk iafMr tokgjyky usg: ns'k ds igys ç/kuea=kh Fks vkSj ekrk deyk usg: FkhaA mUgksaus 'kq#vkrh rkyhe bykgkckn ds Ldøy esa gh yhA blds ckn mUgksaus
bafnjk xka/kh % fgEer vkSj dke;kch dh nkLrka fQjnkSl [kku xq# jchaæukFk VSxksj ds 'kkafr fudsru fLFkr fo'o Hkkjrh fo'ofo|ky; esa nkf[kyk fy;kA dgrs gSa] jchUæukFk VSxksj us gh mUgsa ^fç;nf'kZuh* uke fn;k FkkA blds ckn os baXySaM pyh xbZa vkSj vkWDlQksMZ fo'ofo|ky; dh ços'k ijh{kk esa cSBha] ysfdu ukdke gqb±A blds ckn mUgksaus fczLVy ds cSMfeaVu Ldøy esa d÷N eghus fcrk,A fQj lky 1937 esa bfErgku esa dke;kc gksus ds ckn mUgksaus vkWDlQksMZ ds lksejfoy dkWyst esa nkf[kyk ys fy;kA ml nkSjku mudh eqykdkr fQjkst xka/h ls gqbZ] ftUgsa os bykgkckn ls tkurh FkhaA fQjkst xka/h mu fnuksa yanu Ldøy vkWQ bdksukWfeDl esa i<+ jgs FksA mudh tku&igpku eqgCcr esa cny xbZ vkSj fQj 16 ekpZ 1942 dks mUgksaus bykgkckn ds vkuan Hkou esa fQjkst ls fookg dj fy;kA muds nks
Zdå~a - 2017
csVs lat; vkSj jktho gq,A jktho xka/h ckn esa ns'k ds yksdfç; ç/kuea=kh cusA cpiu ls gh bafnjk xka/h dks fl;klh ekgkSy feyk Fkk] ftldk muds fdjnkj vkSj mudh ftUnxh ij xgjk vlj iM+kA lky 1941 esa vkWDlQksMZ ls Lons'k okilh ds ckn os Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vkanksyu esa 'kkfey gks xb±A mUgksaus ;qokvksa ds fy, okuj lsuk cukbZA okuj lsuk fojks/ çn'kZu vkSj >aMk tqywl fudkyus ds lkFk&lkFk dkaxzsl usrkvksa dh Hkh [kwc enn djrh Fkh] elyu laosnu'khy çdk'kuksa vkSj çfrcaf/r lkefxz;ksa dks xarO; rd igqapkus dk dke djrh FkhA vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa blds dke dks utjvankt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 1930 dh
'ks"k Hkkx i`"B 35 ij
6
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
LFkkiuk fnol fo'ks"k
>kj[kaM dy] vkt vkSj dy esjh fe=krk tc cksdkjks fuoklh lejs'k flag ls gqbZ rks ge nksuksa bl fcUnq ij ,d er gks x, fd fcgkj ds nf{k.k fgLls (NksVkukxiqj) dks dkVdj oukapy uke ls ,d vyx jkT;
dk;Z lfefr ds lkeus oukapy ds eqís dks mBkus dk ekSdk fey x;kA eq>s vR;f/d çlUurk gqbZ tc Hkktik dh dsæh; dk;Z lfefr ds lkeus esjs }kjk oukapy vyx jkT; cuk, tkus ds rdZ
cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A geyksxksa dh ekU;rk Fkh fd ;g u;k jkT; Hkkjr dk lokZf/d fodflr jkT; cu ldrk gSA bl y{; ds fy, geyksxksa dk vfHk;ku rks 'kq: gks x;k ysfdu ml le; LoxhZ; dSyk'kifr feJ] vf'ouh d÷ekj ,oa rkjkdkUr >k tSls LFkkfir usrk fcgkj ds caVokjs ls lger ugha FksA os fdlh Hkh lwjr esa fcgkj dk foHkktu ugha pkgrs FksA blds Bhd foijhr >kj[kaM eqfä ekspkZ ds lqçheks f'kcw lksjsu NksVkukxiqj ds lkFk if'kpe caxky ,oa eè;çns'k ds d÷N ftyksa dks feykdj ,d o`gn~ >kj[kaM cukus dh ftn ij vM+s FksA o"kZ 1988 esa Hkktik dk fuokZfpr çns'k vè;{k cuus ds ckn eSaus ts,e,e ds nks ofj"B usrkvksa lwjt eaMy ,oa 'kSysaæ egrks dks Hkjld le>kus dh dksf'k'k dh fd os rhu jkT;ksa dks feykdj o`gn~ >kj[kaM cukus dk jkx vykiuk cUn dj nsa D;ksafd ^u rks ukS eu rsy gksxk vkSj u jk/k ukpsxhA* os yksx dÙkbZ ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gq,A la;ksx ls o"kZ 1988 esa gh vkxjk esa gq, Hkktik ds vfèkos'ku esa eq>s ikVhZ dh dsæh;
dks dsæh; usrkvksa us Lohdkj dj fy;k vkSj cSBd esa gh ;g fu.kZ; gks x;k fd ;fn dsaæ esa Hkktik dh ljdkj cuh rks nf{k.k fcgkj dks fcgkj ls dkVdj oukapy ds uke ls ,d vyx jkT; cuk fn;k tk,xkA ml le; fdlh dks d;kl ugha Fkk fd ,d n'kd ds ckn Hkktik lpeqp dsaæ dh lÙkk esa vk tk,xhA Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h ds ç/kuea=kh ,oa Jh yky Ñ".k vkMok.kh ds x`gea=kh cu tkus ds ckn oukapy leFkZdksa dk ,d çfrfuf/eaMy Hkktik ds 'kh"kZ usrkvksa ls feyk vkSj vkMok.kh th dks mudk oknk ;kn djk;kA rRikr dsaæ ljdkj us fu.kZ; dj fy;k fd ;wih ls dkVdj mÙkjk[kaM] eè;çns'k ls NÙkhlx<+ ,oa fcgkj ls dkVdj oukapy dks vyx jkT; cuk fn;k tk,xkA gqvk Hkh ;gh rFkk 15 uoEcj 2000 dks uol`ftr jkT; >kj[kaM vfLrRo esa vk x;kA ml le; esjh tqcku ij vdlj ;g tqeyk jgrk Fkk fd >kj[kaM ,d ,slh cnfdLer ukjh gS ftldh dks[k esa rks vehjh gS] ysfdu xksn
bUnj flag uke/kjh
15
uoEcj 2017 dks >kj[kaM us vius vfLrRo esa vkus ds 17 o"kZ iwjs dj fy, gSaA j?kqoj ljdkj us cM+h /we/ke ds lkFk LFkkiuk fnol euk;k gS ftlesa egkefge jk"Vªifr Jh jkeukFk dksfoUn Hkh 'kkfey gq,A eq>s o"kZ 2000 ds 15 uoEcj dh og vk/h jkr vkt Hkh ;kn gS tc Jh ckcw yky ejkaMh us jktHkou esa igys eq[;ea=kh ds :i esa 'kiFk yh FkhA eSaus bl ys[k dk 'kh"kZd dy vkt vkSj dy blfy, j[kk gS rkfd LFkkiuk fnol ds 'kqHk volj ij >kj[kaM ds vrhr] orZeku ,oa Hkfo"; ij fcgaxe n`f"V Mkyh tk ldsA o"kZ 1947 esa esjh mez yxHkx lkr o"kZ jgh gksxh tc esjk ifjokj vkt ds ikfdLrku ls foLFkkfir gksdj iykew dh /jrh ij vk clk FkkA ml le; dk ftyk iykew vkt x<+ok] ykrsgkj ,oa MkyVuxat ds rhu ftyksa esa caV pqdk gSA esjk vuqeku gS fd vkt ds vdsys MkyVuxat dh tula[;k ml le; ds iwjs iykew dh tula[;k ls dgha T;knk gksxhA mu fnuksa 'kgj ls pUn fdyksehVj ckgj fudyrs gh dPph lM+dksa ds nksuksa rjQ ?kus taxy ns[kus dks feyrs FksA dks;y unh esa vkus okys ck<+ dh fodjkyrk vHkh Hkh ekul iVy ij vafdr gSA [kkl MkyVuxat 'kgj esa ,d ntZu ls vf/d rkykc ikuh ls yckyc Hkjs jgrs FksA o"kkZ Ìrq esa rks dHkh&dHkh eghus Hkj lw;Z Hkxoku ds n'kZu ugha gksrs FksA ouksa ,oa [kfut inkFkks± ls ifjiw.kZ ;g LFkku vius lqugjs Hkfo"; dk bartkj dj jgk FkkA i<+&fy[kdj tc eSa chvkbZVh flUnjh esa ysDpjj cu x;k rks irk ugha D;ksa esjs fny esa Hkkouk txh fd eq>s ukSdjh ugha yksd lsod cudj ;gk¡ dh turk dh lsok djuh gSA blh Ågkiksg esa ,d fnu eSa flUnjh dh ukSdjh NksM+dj fcuk fdlh Hkfo"; dh fpUrk fd, MkyVuxat vius ?kj ykSV vk;kA tula?k dh jktuhfr esa lfØ; gksus ds ckn
Zdå~a - 2017
7
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
LFkkiuk fnol fo'ks"k esa xjhch gSA [kfut] ou ,oa ty ds lzksrksa ls ifjiw.kZ ;g Hkw[kaM ns'k dk lokZf/d fodflr jkT; cu ldrk gSA bl vkyksd esa >kj[kaM dk chrk gqvk dy laHkkoukvksa ls Hkjk gqvk Fkk vkSj ;g mEehn Hkh Fkh fd pUn o"kks± esa gh >kj[kaM ns'k dk lokZf/d fodflr çkar cu tk,xkA o"kZ 2000 esa 'kq#vkr Hkh vPNs <ax ls gqb± ysfdu yxrk gS >kj[kaM dks fdlh dh cqjh utj yx xb± vkSj ;g jkT; Mksfelkby ,oa vkj{k.k tSls vuko';d eqíksa esa my> x;kA fodkl ckf/r gksus yxk vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj ij Hkh udsy ugha dlh tk ldhA le; chrrk x;k vkSj ckcqyky ejkaMh ds ckn >kj[kaM esa dbZ vU; vkfnoklh usrkvksa dks Hkh eq[;ea=kh cuus dk ekSdk feyk ysfdu bl jkT; dk iw.kZ fodkl blfy, ckf/r jgk D;ksafd dsaæ esa dksbZ gennZ ljdkj ugha cu ldhA Jh ujsaæ eksnh th ds ç/kuea=kh cuus ds ckn Hkktik >kj[kaM esa yxHkx vius cycwrs ij lÙkk esa vk xbZ vkSj j?kqoj nkl dks igyk xSj vkfnoklh eq[;ea=kh cuus dk lkSHkkX; feykA rhu o"kZ ls Åij dh vof/ chr pqdh gS vkSj eSa bl gdhdr ls badkj ugha djrk fd jkT; esa lM+dksa ,oa vU; dbZ {ks=kksa esa fodkl ds dke gks jgk gS ysfdu >kj[kaM dh ekSfyd leL;kvksa dk fujkdj.k ugha gks ik jgk gSA vkt Hkh ;gk¡ ds yk[kksa ;qod&;qofr;ksa dks dke dh [kkst esa ns'k ds vU; jkT;ksa esa /Dds [kkus iM+ jgs gSaA dsoy MkyVuxat fo/kulHkk {ks=k ls vU; çkarksa esa dke dh [kkst esa x, ,d lkS ls vf/d ;qodksa ds 'koksa ij çfro"kZ iq"ikatfy djus dk eq>s nq[kn nkf;Ro fuHkkuk iM+rk gS D;ksafd dke djrs le; nq?kZVukvksa esa mudh ekSr gks tkrh gSA eu esa dld mBrh gS fd bl jkT; esa lc d÷N ekStwn jgus ds ckotwn ;gk¡ ds yksxksa dks nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkus dks D;ksa foo'k gksuk iM+rk gS\ fiNys 17 o"kksZ esa ;fn 'kqð eu ls ç;kl fd, x, gksrs rks ou ,oa [kfut inkFkks± ij vkèkkfjr ntZuksa dkj[kkus yxk, tk ldrs Fks ftuls iykew okfl;ksa dh csjkstxkjh dks vklkuh ls nwj fd;k tk ldrk FkkA bruk gh ugha >kj[kaM ds fuokfl;ksa dks mEehn Fkh fd mUgsa ljdkjh vLirkyksa esa lgt&lqyHk bZykt] iqfyl Fkkuksa esa U;k;] ç[kaM eq[;ky;ksa esa fcuk fj'or ds dke ,oa Ldøyksa esa vPNh f'k{kk miyC/ gks ldasxhA eq>s ;g dgus esa dksbZ fgpfdpkgV ugha gS fd mijksä lHkh ekeyksa esa ;gk¡ dh xjhc turk dks fujk'kk gh gkFk yxh gSA ljdkjh çpkj ds vuqikr esa fodkl dk u gks ikuk >kj[kaM dh lcls cM+h foMacuk gSA yxrk gS LFkk;h lÙkk dh yyd esa orZeku ljdkj vlyh eqíksa ls HkVd jgh gSA vius vkus okys dy ds >kj[kaM dks lqjf{kr djus ds fy, orZeku ljdkj dks
çpkj ds LFkku ij I;kj dk lgkjk ysuk iM+sxk rFkk uQjr ,oa fcyxko dh ekufldrk dks R;kxuk iM+sxkA ;fn ,slk ugha gqvk rks bl jkT; dk Hkfo"; oSlk gh gksxk tks vkdk'k esa u{k=kksa dh x.kuk djus okys ,d T;ksfr"kh dk gqvk Fkk
D;ksafd og /jrh dh gdhdr dks njfdukj dj vkdk'k dh vksj ns[krk gqvk d÷,a esa tk fxjk FkkA >kj[kaM ds 18osa LFkkiuk fnol ds 'kqHk volj ij esjh ;gh 'kqHkdkeuk gSA
eksnh gksus dk eryc v#.k ekgs'ojh
eks
nh dk iru lcdks lkQ fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS vkSj ;g Hkh fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS fd mudk iru fdUgha ckgjh dkj.kksa ls ugha] muds vius vkarfjd dkj.kksa ls gh gks jgk gSA ckgjh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ rks mYVs mUgsa lgkjk ns jgh gSA rsy ds vUrjjk"Vªh; ewY;ksa esa deh us Hkkjr ljdkj ds vkfFkZd ladV dks dkcw esa j[kk gqvk gSA cgjgky] loky ;g gS fd eksnh ds bl yxkrkj rst iru dks rÙor% dSls le>k tk,\ gj }a}kRed çfØ;k esa ,d ,slk igyw mldh eq[; pkfydk 'kfä ds :i esa dke djrk jgrk gS tks xSj&}a}kRed gksrk gSA dgk tk ldrk gS HksnkHksn esa vHksn dh rjg ghA ;g ml çfØ;k ds fdlh ckgjh çLFkku fcanq esa ugha] mlds vanj gh fufgr gksrk gSA gsxsy us }a}kRed fodkl esa bl xSj&}a}kRed rRo dks ,d çdkj dk udkjkRed ;k ck/d rRo dgk gSA Ýk;M euksjksfx;ksa ds ekeys esa bls mudh e`R;qdka{kk (death drive) crkrs gSaA vanj dk ,d ,slk rRo tks ckj&ckj ifjfLFkfr ;k vkneh dks ?ksjrk jgrk gS] mls vius o`Ùk ls fudyus ugha nsrkA mlds bl nksgjko esa] vko`fÙk esa mUufr dk dksbZ y{k.k ugha gksrk vkSj phtsa mlh esa vVdh jg tkrh gSaA eksnh esa bl udkjkRedrk vFkok e`R;qdka{kk dk rRo gS vkj,l,l ds muds vifjorZuh;] xSj&}a}kRed
Zdå~a - 2017
laLdkjA ;gh laLdkj tgk¡ mUgsa turk ds fo#ð nf{k.kiaFkh uhfr;ksa ls cka/s j[krk gS] ogha mUgsa Hkkjr ds oSfoè; dks viukrs gq, vkxs c<+us ls Hkh jksdrk gSA ;g dkukQøfl;ksa] >wBs çpkj] pkykfd;ksa vkSj pdekckft;ksa dk Hkh laLdkj gSA eksnh ?kwe&?kwe dj mlh esa Q¡ls jg tkrs gSaA lp ls nwj jguk mudh uSlfxZdrk gSA mudh viuh bu vUrjck/kvksa ls eqfä ugha gSA bUgksaus chekj eu esa yxHkx e`R;qdka{kk dk :i ys fy;k gSA os uksVcanh] th,lVh dh rjg dh csgwnfx;ksa ds vfrfjä var esa ckj&ckj lkaçnkf;d /zqohdj.k esa Q¡l dj jg tkrs gSaA buds ikl tu dY;k.k dh dksbZ ewyxkeh voèkkj.kk gks gh ugha ldrh gS] tks bUgsa O;kid turk ds thou ds fgrksa ls tksM+sA vkSj] blhfy;s eksnh Hkkjr ds fy;s mi;qä lkfcr ugha gks jgs gSaA tSls Vªai vesfjdk ds fy;s mi;qä ugha gSA
8
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
tUe fnol ij fo'ks"k
,sls Fks lkfgj yqf/k;kuoh tkosn v[rj
,
d nkSj Fkk--- tc tkosn v[rj ds fnu eqf'dy esa xqtj jgs Fks A ,sls esa mUgksaus lkfgj ls enn ysus dk QSlyk fd;kA Qksu fd;k vkSj oDr ysdj muls eqykdkr ds fy, igqapsA ml fnu lkfgj us tkosn ds psgjs ij mnklh ns[kh vkSj dgk] ^^vkvks ukStoku] D;k gky gSa] mnkl gks\** tkosn us crk;k fd fnu eqf'dy py jgs gSa] iSls [kRe gksus okys gSaA mUgksaus lkfgj ls dgk fd vxj oks mUgsa dgha dke fnyk nsa rks cgqr ,glku gksxkA tkosn v[rj crkrs gSa fd lkfgj lkgc dh ,d vthc vknr Fkh] oks tc ijs'kku gksrs Fks rks iSaV dh fiNyh tsc ls NksVh lh da?kh fudydj ckyksa ij fQjkus yxrs FksA tc eu esa d÷N my>k gksrk Fkk rks cky lqy>kus yxrs FksA ml oä Hkh mUgksaus ogh fd;kA d÷N nsj rd lksprs jgs fQj vius mlh tkus&igpkus vankt esa cksys] ^^t:j ukStoku] Qdhj ns[ksxk D;k dj ldrk gSA** fQj ikl j[kh est dh rjQ b'kkjk djds dgk] ^^geus Hkh cqjs fnu ns[ksa gSa ukStoku] fQygky ;s ys yks] ns[krs gSa D;k gks ldrk gS**] tkosn v[rj us ns[kk rks est ij nks lkS #i, j[ks gq, FksA oks pkgrs rks iSls esjs gkFk ij Hkh j[k ldrs Fks] ysfdu ;s ml vkneh dh lsaflfVfoVh Fkh fd mls yxk fd dgha eq>s cqjk u yx tk,A ;s ml 'k[l dk e;kj Fkk fd iSls nsrs oDr Hkh oks eq>ls utj ugha feyk jgk FkkA lkfgj ds lkFk vc mudk mBuk cSBuk c<+ x;k Fkk D;ksafd f=k'kwy] nhokj vkSj dkyk iRFkj tSlh fQYeksa esa dgkuh lyhe&tkosn dh Fkh rks xkus lkfgj lkgc dsA vDlj oks yksx lkFk cSBrs vkSj dgkuh] xkus] Mk;ykWXl oxSjg ij ppkZ djrsA bl nkSjku tkosn vDlj 'kjkjr esa lkfgj ls dgrs] ^^lkfgj lkc] vkids oks nkS lkS #i, esjs ikl gSa] ns Hkh ldrk gwa ysfdu nwaxk ugha**] lkfgj eqLd÷jkrsA
lkFk cSBs yksx tc muls iwNrs fd dkSu ls nks lkS #i, rks lkfgj dgrs] ^^bUgha ls iwfN,**] ;s flyflyk yack pyrk jgkA lkfgj vkSj tkosn v[rj dh eqykdkrsa gksrh jgha] vnch egfQysa gksrh jgha] oDr xqtjrk jgkA vkSj fQj ,d yacs vlsZ ds ckn rkjh[k vkbZ 25vDVwcj 1980 dhA oks nsj 'kke dk oä Fkk] tc tkosn lkgc ds ikl lkfgj ds QSfeyh M‚DVj] M‚ diwj dk d‚y vk;kA mudh vkokt esa gM+cM+kgV vkSj nnZ nksuksa FkkA mUgksaus crk;k fd lkfgj yqf/;kuoh ugha jgsA gkVZ vVSd gqvk FkkA tkosn v[rj ds fy, ;s lquuk vklku ugha FkkA oks ftruh tYnh gks ldrk Fkk] muds ?kj igqaps rks ns[kk fd mnwZ 'kk;jh dk lcls dfj'ekbZ flrkjk ,d lQsn pknj esa fyiVk gqvk FkkA oks crkrs gSa fd ogk¡ mudh nksuksa cguksa ds vykok ch vkj pksiM+k lesr fQYe baMLVªh ds Hkh reke yksx ekStwn FksA eSa muds djhc x;k rks esjs gkFk dkai jgs Fks] eSaus pknj gVkbZ rks muds nksuksa gkFk muds lhus ij j[ks gq, Fks] esjh vka[kksa ds lkeus oks oDr ?kweus yxk tc eSa 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa muls eqykdkr djrk Fkk] eSaus mudh gFksfy;ksa dks Nqvk vkSj eglwl fd;k fd ;s ogh gkFk gSa ftuls brus [kwclwjr xhr fy[ks x, gSa ysfdu vc oks BaMs iM+ pqds FksA twgw dfczLrku esa lkfgj dks nQukus dk bartke fd;k x;kA oks lqcg&lqcg dk oDr Fkk] jkrHkj ds bartkj ds ckn lkfgj dks lqcg lqinsZ [kkd fd;k tkuk FkkA ;s ogh dfczLrku gS ftlesa eks-
gEen jQh] et:g lqYrkuiqjh] e/qckyk vkSj ryr egewn dh dczsa gSaA lkfgj dks iwjs eqfLye jLe&vks&jok;r ds lkFk n¶u fd;k x;kA lkFk vk, reke yksx d÷ N nsj ds ckn okil ykSV x,] ysfdu tkosn v[rj dkQh nsj rd dcz ds ikl gh cSBs jgsA dkQh nsj rd cSBus ds ckn tkosn v[rj mBs vkSj ue vka[kksa ls okil tkus yxsA oks twgw dfczLrku ls ckgj fudys vkSj lkeus [kM+h viuh dkj esa cSBus gh okys Fks fd mUgsa fdlh us vkokt nhA tkosn v[rj us iyV dj ns[kk rks lkfgj lkgc ds ,d nksLr v'kQkd lkgc FksA v'kQkd ml oä dh ,d csgrjhu jkbVj okfgnk rcLlqe ds 'kkSgj Fks] ftUgsa lkfgj ls dkQh yxko FkkA v'kQkd gM+cM+k, gq, pys vk jgs Fks] mUgksaus ukbV lwV igu j[kk Fkk] 'kk;n mUgsa lqcg&lqcg gh [kcj feyh Fkh vkSj oks oSls gh ?kj ls fudy vk, FksA mUgksaus vkrs gh tkosn lkgc ls dgk] ^^vkids ikl d÷N iSls iM+s gSa D;k\ oks dcz cukus okys dks nsus gSa] eSa rks tYnckth esa ,sls gh vk x;k**] tkosn lkgc us viuk cVqvk fudkyrs gqvk iwNk] ^^gk¡&gk¡] fdrus #i, nsus gSa*] mUgksaus dgk] ^^nks lkS #i,A**
Zdå~a - 2017
9
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
xtysa
Mk0 ujsUæ feJ dh d÷N ‡…ysa
Mk- ujsUæ feJ ,d
bd pyu d÷N le; gh pyrk gS oä ds lkFk lc cnyrk gSA vki ekuks bls fd uk ekuks vkneh lkS nQk cnyrk gSA I;kj cl ,d ls gh gksrk gS fny exj nl txg fQlyrk gSA vkt tks iRFkjksa lk fn[krk gS dy ogh ekse lk fi?kyrk gSA cht dksbZ Quk ugha gksrk QøV dj ,d fnu fudyrk gSA
nks
lp dks og cdokl crkrs gSa cdoklksa dks [kkl crkrs gSaA [kkfjt djrs gSa vlyh bfrgkl feFkdksa dks bfrgkl crkrs gSaA tuHkk"kk dks xkyh viuh xkyh dks lkfgfR;d ifjgkl crkrs gSaA tksM+h gS va/ks vkSj ywys dh ,d nwts dh ihB [kwtkrs gSaA mudh Hkw[k tqnk gS nqfu;k ls nqfu;k Hkj dk [okc pckrs gSaA
gks x;k etnwj lLrk vkSj HkhA ns'k dk m|ksx ca/d iM+ x;k gks x;s gkykr [kLrk vkSj HkhA uQjrksa dk vkt flDdk py iM+k [kqy x;k naxksa dk jLrk vkSj HkhA D;w¡ u Ldøyksa ls cPps vc Mjsa c<+ x;k da/ksa is cLrk vkSj HkhA tc yM+kbZ ftUnxh dh 'krZ gks mB iM+sxk taxs nLrk vkSj HkhA
gekjk eqYd lcls vygnk gSA gekjs dke dh D;k iwNrs gks gekjs dke dh viuh vnk gSA ;gk¡ Qu gS gquj gS bYe Hkh gS exj rdnhj esa jksuk cnk gSA vtsUMs esa dHkh vk;sxh jksVh vHkh tsjs cgl ;s eqívk gSA Mqcks nh uko ftlus bl lnh dh ogh vxyh lnh dk uk[kqnk gSA
cht nhokjksa esa Hkh cksrs gSa ;s ifjUns Hkh [kwc gksrs gSa yk[k rwQku ls xqtj dj Hkh dHkh fdLer is ugha jksrs gSaA ljgnksa dh bUgsa ijokg ugha tc Hkh ijokt is ;s gksrs gSaA lSdM+ksa ckj mtM+ dj ds Hkh fQj u;k ?kksalyk fijksrs gSaA jkr Hkj pgpgrs jgrs gSa tkus ;s fdl igj esa lksrs gSA
nky esa d÷N u d÷N rks dkyk gS QSlyk bl otg ls Vkyk gA osn&foKku lkFk lkFk pysa jkLrk mlus ;s fudkyk gSA mlus xka/h vks xksMls rd dks ,d Vdlky esa gh <kyk gSA NwV gS lc dks ukjsckth dh ij ftls 'kkg us mNkyk gSA os tks nkor mM+kus vk;s gSa ge xjhcksa dk oks fuokyk gSA fd;k fnekx dk [kruk igys vc tqcka ij Hkh yxk rkyk gSA
ik¡p
N%
xqyksa ls tks Nykok dj jgs gSa ogh xqy'ku is nkok dj jgs gSA feyk dj [kkd esa vgys oru dks oQk dk oks fn[kkok dj jgs gSaA Hkqukrs tks jgs gSa vkLFkk dks ogh vc dk'kh dkck dj jgs gSaA tks djrc VkVk&fcjyk dj u ik;k oks djrc ;ksxh ckck dj jgs gSaA tks ng'krxnZ dgrs gSa Hkxr dks ogh vc [kw¡ [kjkck dj jgs gSaA
eSa [kqn gh jkg gw¡ jgcj Hkh [kqn gw¡ [kqn gh eafty gw¡ fdlh dh jguqekbZ esa eq>s pyuk ugha vk;kA tks fudyk gw¡ rks pedw¡xk ;dhuu eSa d;ker rd eSa oks lwjt gw¡ ftldks vkt rd <yuk ugha vk;kA eqgCcr vkx dk nfj;k gS ;s ekywe gS eq>dks exj oks [kkd vkf'kd gS ftls tyuk ugha vk;kA lpkbZ ls fuxkgsa Qsj dj liuksa esa th ysrs exj ge D;k djsa [kqn dks dHkh Nyuk ugha vk;kA vHkh rks [kwu esa esjs d;ker dh jokuh gS eq>s jgeks dje ij vkt rd iyuk ugha vk;kA
raxnLrh fny f'kdLrk vkSj Hkh
;gk¡ dh ckr nqfu;k ls tqnk gS
rhu
pkj
lkr
Zdå~a - 2017
vkB
ukS
vkds et/kj esa vc /kj cnyus okyks ekSt nj ekSt ;w¡ irokj cnyus okyksA D;w¡ cnyrh ugha gS ftUnxh xjhcksa dh ;s crkvks gesa ljdkj cnyus okyksA fdruk eqf'dy gS le>uk rqEgkjh fQrjr dks gj eqykdkr esa fdjnkj cnyus okyksA xe Hkh bl nkSj esa fdLer is viuh jksrk gS ckr dh ckr esa xe[okj cnyus okyksA [kqy ds vkvks tks dHkh lkeus rks yM+ ysaxs gj yM+kbZ esa ;w¡ gfFk;kj cnyus okyksA iquuZok] fnX?kh if'pe] feJVksyk] njHkaxk] fiu % 846004- njHkaxk] fcgkj10
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
Ñ".k d÷ekj ;kno
Jðkatfy
bfrgkl vkSj feFkd ds tfj;s orZeku dks ns[kus okys vkRet;h dfo dq¡oj ukjk;.k
,
d ,sls nkSj esa tgk¡ vk/qfud dfork Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds }a} ls xzLr gS vkSj tgk¡ cktk: çHkke.My ,oa ped&ned ds chp vke O;fä ds otwn dh ryk'k tkjh gS] ogk¡ okn ds fooknksa ls brj vkSj yhd ls gVdj pyus okys d÷¡oj ukjk;.k dh dfork,¡ vius feFkdksa vkSj ekudksa ds lkFk vketu dks xfjekiw.kZ rjhds ls ysdj pyrh FkhaA o"kZ 2009 esa tc mUgsa o"kZ 2005 ds fy, KkuihB iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;s tkus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ Fkh] rc mu ij ,d fVIi.khuqek ys[k fy[kk Fkk] ftls ckn esa viuh iqLrd ^16 vkus 16 yksx* esa Hkh eSaus 'kkfey fd;kA fofdihfM;k ij muds Åij fy[ks x, ys[k esa Hkh bl ys[k dks lanfHkZr fd;k x;k gSA dbZ ckj lksprk Fkk fd ,d fnu muds lkFk vkeus&lkeus cSBdj ckr d:¡xk] d÷N u;k fl[kus dks feysxk] ij fu;fr dks d÷N vkSj gh eatwj FkkA ubZ dfork vkanksyu ds l'kä gLrk{kj dfo d÷¡oj ukjk;.k dks viuh jpuk'khyrk esa bfrgkl vkSj feFkd ds tfj, orZeku dks ns[kus ds fy, tkuk tkrk FkkA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd os ,d lkFk gh viuh dforkvksa esa osnksa] iqjk.kksa o vU; /eZxzaFkksa ls mðj.k nsrs Fks rks ledkyhu ik'pkR; fparu] ys[ku ijEijkvksa] bfrgkl] flusek] jaxeap] foe'kks±] fofo/ :fp;ksa ,oa fo'kn vè;;u dks ysdj varr% mudk ys[ku laosnu'khy ys[ku esa cny tkrk gSA vkjEHk esa foKku o rRi'pkr lkfgR; dk fo|kFkhZ gksus ds dkj.k os phtksa dks xgjkbZ esa mrjdj ns[kus ds dk;y FksA dfo d÷¡oj ukjk;.k vKs; }kjk laikfnr rhljk lIrd ds çeq[k dfo;ksa esa jgs gSaA vkt tc dfork ds fy, ;g jksuk jks;k tkrk gS fd dfork i<+us vkSj le>us okys de gks jgs gSa vkSj i=k&if=kdkvksa esa bldk bLrseky fQyj ds :i esa gks jgk gS] ogk¡ dfo d÷¡oj ukjk;.k nwjnf'kZrk ds lkFk fgUnh dfork dks u;s lanHkks± esa thrs utj vkrs Fks& ^^dfork ,d mM+ku gS fpfM+;k ds cgkus] dfork dh mM+ku Hkyk fpfM+;k D;k tkusA** mudh ;g lkjxfHkZr fVIi.kh xkSj djus yk;d gS& ^^thou ds bl cgqr cM+s dkfuZoy esa dfo ml cgq:fi, dh rjg gS]
tks gtkjksa :iksa esa yksxksa ds lkeus vkrk gS] ftldk gj euksjatd :i fdlh u fdlh lrg ij thou dh ,d vuqHkwr O;k[;k gS vkSj ftlds gj :i ds ihNs mldk viuk xaHkhj vkSj vlyh O;fäRo gksrk gS] tks bl lkjh fofo/rk ds cqfu;knh [ksy dks le>rk gSA** dfo d÷¡oj ukjk;.k us dfork dks lQyrkiwoZd çca/kRed :i nsus ds lkFk gh feFkdksa ds u;s ç;ksxksa dk vfrØe.k djrs gq, mUgsa BsB HkkSfrd Hkwfe ij Hkh LFkkfir fd;kA mUgksaus vius çca/ dkO; ^vkRet;h* esa e`R;q laca/h 'kk'or leL;k dks dBksifu"kn dk ekè;e cukdj vn~Hkqr O;k[;k ds lkFk gekjs lkeus j[kkA rHkh rks viuh lgt ckSfðdrk ds lkFk os vketu ds dfo Hkh cus jgsA muds dfork laxzg esa pØO;wg] ifjos'k ge rqe] vkRet;h] vius lkeus] dksbZ nwljk ugha] bu fnuksa] oktJok ds cgkus] gkf'k;s dk xokg çeq[k gSaA muds ikl Hkk"kk vkSj
vardZF; dk ftruk lq?kM+ leUo; Fkk] og fgUnh dfork esa nqyZHk gSA rqdksa vkSj Nan ij muds tSlk vf/dkj u, dfo;ksa ds fy, lh[k gSA** ubZ dfork vkUnksyu ds bl l'kä gLrk{kj ds fy, dHkh fo". kq [kjs th us dgk Fkk fd& ^^d÷¡oj ukjk;.k Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa ,d fof'k"V ukxfjd ds :i esa ugha] cfYd ,d vke vkneh ds :i esa ços'k djrs gSaA** ubZ dfork ls 'kq:vkr dj vk/qfud dfo;ksa esa 'kh"kZ LFkku cukus okys d÷¡oj ukjk;.k dk tUe 19 flrEcj 1927 dks QStkckn esa gqvkA mUgksaus b.Vj rd dh i<+kbZ foKku fo"k; ls dh vkSj fQj y[kuÅ fo'ofo|ky; ls 1951 esa vaxzsth lkfgR; esa ,e-,dh mikf/ çkIr dhA igys ek¡ vkSj fQj cgu dh vlkef;d ekSr us mudh vUrjkRek dks >d>ksj dj j[k fn;k] ij VwV dj Hkh tqM+ tkuk mUgksaus lh[k fy;k FkkA iSr`d :i esa mudk dkj dk O;olk;
'ks"k Hkkx i`"B 38 ij Zdå~a - 2017
11
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k
Hkkjrh; lekt esa fganh flusek dk çHkko vkuan nkl
fl
usek lekt ds çR;sd oxZ ds yksxksa dk euksjatu djus dk cMk l'kä vkSj lqxe lkèku gSA thou dh uhjlrk dks nwj djus esa flusek çHkko'kkyh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA flusek lekt vkSj le; dk çfrfcfEcr gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; lekt esa flusek ij tc Hkh ckr djrs gSa] rks gekjs tgu esa Hkkjr dh laLÑfr] lH;rk] bfrgkl] Hkk"kk igys vkrh gS] D;ksafd Hkkjrh; flusek dk bu lcls cgqr xgjk fj'rk gSA flusek ds lnqi;ksx }kjk f'k{kk çlkj rFkk lekt lq/kj ds dk;ks± esa cgqr vf/d lQyrk çkIr dh tk pqdh gSA flusek ds ek/;e ls ns'k fons'k dk Kku ,oa mlds bfrgkl] lH;rk o laLÑfr dh igpku cM+h vklkuh ls gks tkrh gSA1 tSls tSls oDr cny x;k oSls&oSls flusek dk :i cny x;k gSA lH;rk] laLÑfr] Hkk"kk] o bfrgkl dks flusek txr esa cM+h [kwclwjrh ls n'kkZ;k x;k gSA vktdy fQYeksa dh gYds euksjatu ds lk/u ds :i fxurh ugh gksrh gSA vkt fQYesa gekjs thou dk egÙoiw.kZ vax cu xbZ gSaA cPps&cw<+s lHkh fQYeksa dh udy djus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA flusek dk ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed çHkko [kkldj ;qokvksa vkSj cPpksa ij gqvk gSA Hkkjrh; flusek vkSj lekt ds lekukUrj o ijLij çHkkoksa ds ckjs esa çdk'k Mkyuk xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus tSlk gSA Hkkjrh; flusek ds vkjafHkd n'kdksa esa tks fQYesa curh Fkha muesa Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh egd jph clh gksrh Fkh rFkk fofHkUu vk;keksa ls Hkkjrh;rk dks mHkkjk tkrk FkkA fgUnh flusek dh 'kq#vkr jktk gfj'paæ ij lu~ 1913 es cuh ewd fQYe ls gqbZ FkhA 'kq#vkrh nkSj es /kfeZd fQYes gh cuhA ns'k dh turk Hkh ;gh ns[kuk pkgrh FkhA ;gh otg gS dh ml le; uSfrdrk vkSj /eZ deZ dk Hkh cksy ckyk FkkA fQj vkxs ,sfrgkfld fQYesa Hkh vkus yxh vkSj [kwc ljkgh x;hA eqxys vkte us u, dhfrZeku LFkkfir fd,A D;ksafd tc fgUnh flusek cuuk 'kq: gqvk Fkk ml le; ns'k vaxzstksa dk xqyke Fkk blfy, ns'k Hkfä dh fQYesa cukuk [krjs ls [kkyh ugha FkkA vktknh ds ckn ns'k Hkfä ij Hkh fQYesa cuus yxhA rhl dk n'kd Hkkjrh; flusek esa lkekftd fojks/ ds :i esa tkuk tkrk
gSA bl le; rhu cMs&cMs cSujksa çHkkr] cEcbZ VkWdht ,oa u;k fFk;sVj us xaHkhj ysfdu euksjatd fQYe n'kZdksa ds lHkh oxks± dks è;ku esa j[k dj cukb±A bl le; lkekftd vU;k; ds fojks/ esa vusd fQYesa tSls& oh 'kkUrkjke dh nqfu;k ekus uk] vkneh] ÝkUtvkLVsu dh vNwr dU;k] nkeys vkSj Qrgyky dh lar rqdkjke] egcwc dh ckrsa] ,d gh jkLrk rFkk vkSjr vkfn cuhaA çFke ckj vknsf'kj bZjkuh us jaxhu fQYe fdlku dU;k cukus dk ç;kl fd;kA n'kd ftlesa f}rh; fo'o;qð py jgk Fkk vkSj n'kd ftlesa Hkkjr LorU=k gqvk] iwjs Hkkjr esa flusekxzkQh ds fy;s Hkh vfoLej.kh; le; gSA 1950 ls jaxhu fQYeksa dk nkSj 'kq: gqvk] fQYesa T;knkrj çse lEcU/ksa ij vk/kfjr gksrh Fkha] blh nkSj esa ySyk&etuw] ghj&jk¡>k]lksuh&efgoky] 'khjh&Qjgku tSlh fQYeksa us Hkkjrh; flusek esa çse lEcU/ksa dks ysdj viuh yksdfç;rk dks dk;e j[kkA lu~ 1960 ls 1970 rd ds n'kd esa fQYeksa esa jktuhrh] fgalk] cykRdkj] ihM+k ls ijs'kku turk dks n'kkZ;k x;k] tgk¡ ,d ?kj esa ,d HkkbZ baLisDVj gS rks ogha nwljk HkkbZ pksj gS] bl nkSj esa Hkh fj'rksa dh my>rh gqbZ Mksj ns[kus dks feyrh gS] tgk¡ ek¡ cki ls fcNM+s cPps] rks dgha HkkbZ&HkkbZ nq'eu ds rkSj ij utj vk;sA lu~ 1913 ls 1970 rd ds n'kd esa Hkkjrh; flusek esa dkQh ifjorZu gqvk tks lekt ds lkFk FkkA bl ifjorZu us uk flQZ Hkkjrh; flusek dh Nfo dks cnyk] cfYd bl cnyrs gq, Lo:i esa lkjs fj'rs Hkh cnys gq, yxs] tgk¡ ge dgrs gSa fd ^gekjs ikl ek¡ gS] rks ogh¡ bl flusek us ek¡ ds fdjnkj dks gh cny fn;k* vkt dh ek¡ thal&VkWi igus Dyc] ikVhZ]'kkWfiax djrh gqbZ n'kkZbZ tkrh gS] ml ek¡ ds eqdkcys tgk¡ ek¡ fnu jkr esgur etnwjh djds vius cPps dks i<+krh gS] [kqn Hkw[ks jgdj vius cPps dk isV ikyrh gSA cgqr QdZ gS fganh flusek dh vkt dh ek¡ esa vkSj 19 oha lnh dh ek¡ esa] vkSj ;gh QdZ gesa lekt ds cnyrs gq, :i dks n'kkZ jgk gS bl nkSj esa ftruh Hkh fQYeas vkb± mues yM+kbZ o nq'euh] csclh vkSj vR;kpkj ij vk/kfjr gksrh Fkha ftueas ^,axzh ;ax esu* dh rkSj ij ghjks vkrs Fks vkSj yksxksa dks vR;kpkj ds f[kykQ tkxkrs Fks] [kqn vius cnys dks iwjk djrs FksA ,sls gh lu~ 1980 vkSj 1990 dk n'kd vk;k tgk¡ fQj ls ,d ckj I;kj dks n'kkZ;k x;k] rc ls ysdj vc rd dbZ fQYeas vkb± ij vc dh fQYesa cgqr d÷N c;ka dj jgha] ftuds ckjs esa 'kk;n ge lksp Hkh ugha ldrs ,slh
Zdå~a - 2017
,slh phtsa vkt dh fQYes fn[kk jgha] ij ge mUgsa udkj ugha ldrs D;ksafd dgha u dgha gekjs cnyrs gq, lekt dk ,d ;s Hkh psgjk gSA ØkfUrdkjh lkfgR; us LorU=rk laxzke esa vusd ;qokvksa dks çsfjr fd;k FkkA ekdZ~l ds lkfgR; us Hkh dbZ dkWejsM] uDlykbZV [kMs dj fn;sA vr% gj ekè;e ds vius çHkko gksrs gSa lekt ijA fQYeksa ds Hkh gq,A ;FkkFkZoknh fQYeksa dh n`f"V ls æksgdky] ifjUnk] nh{kk] ek;k eselkc :nkyh] ysfdu reUuk csfUMV Dohu vkfn mYys[kuh; uke gSaA ';ke csusxy us eaFku] Hkwfedk fu'kkUr] twuwu vkSj f=kdky tSlh lekt fofo/ ToyUr fo"k;ksa dk lesVrh gqbZ vPNh fQYesa n'kZdksa dks nhaA çdk'k >k dh nkeqy lfgr vi.kkZ lsu dh 36 pkSjaxh ysu] jes'k 'kekZ dh ubZ fnYyh VkbZEl] dsru esgrk dh fepZelkyk] fot;k esgrk dh jko lkgsc] mRiysUn pØorhZ dh nsof'k'kq] çnhi Ñik dh eSlh lkgc] xqytkj dh btktr] eqt¶Qj vyh dh mejko tku] xkSre ?kks"k dh n[ky] ikj] cqðnso nklxqIr dh vUuiw.kkZ] va/h xyh vkSj fxjh'k djukM dh mRlo] riu flUgk dh vkt dk jkWfcugqM egs'k Hkê dh igyh fQYe vFkZ vkfn u, #>ku dh fQYesa FkhaA chp esa d÷N ,slh fQYesa Hkh vkb± ftuds fuekZrkvksa dk dke Fkk Hkkjr dh d÷jhfr;ksa] fo"kerkvksa vkSj fookfnr eqíksa ij fQYe cuk n'kZdksa dks lekt ds çfr tkx:d djukA pkgs og LorU=krk laxzke gks ;k foHkktu dh =kklnh ;k ;qð gksa ;k fQj pEcy ds Mkdvksa dk vkrad ;k vc ekfQ;k;qxA bl dFku dh iqf"V c‚Ecs] lR;k] D;k dguk tSlh fQYesa djrh gSaA d÷N fQYeksa ls lekt rFkk ;qok&oxZ ij vPNk
'ks"k Hkkx i`"B 16 ij 12
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV Hk
kjr dh lH;rk rks cgqr iqjkuh gS] blfy, gekjh ukV~;dyk Hkh laÑfr dk çkphure~ çLQ÷Vu gSA Hkkjr /eZ&ç/ku ns'k gSA /eZ ds ewy esa tu ekul esa fo'okl] vè;kRe ,oa leZi.k ds lkFk&lkFk Hk; Hkh fufgr gSA çÑfr ds ukuk :iksa ls Mjdj mls fj>kus ds d÷N mik; vkfne ekuo us lkspk gksxkA HkwdEi] Tokykeq[kh] vuko`f"V] vfro`f"V] vfXu] ikyk] vksyk] rwQku] fgald i'kq ds çdksi dks vn`'; vlqjksa dk çdksi vkSj mRihM+u le>k x;k gksxk vkSj buls =k.k ikus ds fy, bUgsa çlUu djuk vko';d FkkA Qyr% ra=k&ea=k] Hkko&Hkafxek vkSj gLriknkfrd dh cgqfo/ eqækvksa ls mudh iwtk gksus yxhA mudk ,slk fo'okl Fkk fd ;fn vlqj çlUu jgsaxs] rks os thoksa dks d"V u gksus nsaxsA lkFk gh] bUæ] o:.k] e:r vkfn çÑfr ds fofo/k Lo:iksa dh mikluk nsorkvksa ds :i esa vkjEHk gqbZA bl mikluk esa bu LoHkkfod eqækvksa vkSj Hkko Hkafxekvksa ds lkFk gh] d÷N fofp=k vkSj nq:g 'kCnksa ;k v{kjksa ds mPpkj.k Hkh gksus yxsA bl rjg xhr&laxhr dk lekos'k gqvkA osnksa vkSj ra=kas ds ;qx ds ckn f=nso& czãk] fo".kq vkSj egs'k dh lkdkj mikluk dk ;qx vk;k vkSj rc /eZ dh ekSfyd çsj.kk] Hk; ds LFkku ij çse] vkuUn rFkk eks{k dh Hkkouk vkbZ] vFkkZr Hkkjrh; ekuo&lekt esa ^lkdkjksikluk dk ;qx vk;k* dk Hkko O;kIr gks x;kA eaxydkjh ço`fr;ksa ds rhu :i&f=knso ekus x;sA Qyr% xk;u vkSj urZu dh ekSfyd Hkko&/kjk esa Hkh ifjorZu vk;sA vkfne laLÑfr esa vius vkjafHkd le; esa NkS u`R; dsoy ,d ;qð u`R; gh ugha] oju~ ,d vuq"Bku Hkh Fkk] tks ,d izdkj ds vkfRed vuq"Bku gsrq FkkA u`R; dh dykRed izLrqfr ds iwoZ u`R; ds vf/"Bkrk uVjkt f'ko vkSj mudh egk'kfDr dh iwtk&vpZuk dh ijaijk Hkh yksdthou esa fujUrj pyrh jgh gSA blds ladsr ljk;dsyk lfgr lEiw.kZ dfyax ds vapyksa esa miyC/ gSaA iqjkus >kj[k.M {ks=k esa tgk¡&tgk¡ f'ko efUnj fo|eku gSa] Ák;% ogk¡&ogk¡ / kfeZd vuq"Bku pS=kioksZRlo ds lkFk&lkFk NkS u`R; dh dykRed izLrqfr;k¡ Hkh 'krkfCn;ksa ls gksrh pyh vk jgh gSA pS=k ioZ ds volj ij NkS u`R; dk vk;kstu 'krkfCn;ksa ls fd;k tkrk jgk gSA igys pS=k ioZ ,oa NkS u`R; dk vk;kstu d÷N
'kks/ ys[k
pS= ioZ vkSj NkS 'kksu`/Rys; [k esa laca/k % ,d fo'ys"k.k gh {ks=kksa esa ,d lkFk fd;k tkrk FkkA ckn esa lHkh {ks=kksa esa NkS u`R; dk vk;kstu pS=k ekl esa gksus yxk vkSj ,d ijEijk fodflr gks xbZA bl izdkj pS=k ioZ ,oa NkS u`R;ksRlo ds chp vVwV laca/ cu x;kA fof'k"V 'kCn % vuq"Bku] mikluk] gLriknkfrd 'kks/&izfof/ & izLrqr vkys[k fo'ys"k.k ,oa o.kkZRed izo`fr dk gSA 'kks/ vkys[k ds fy, eq[;r% f}rh;d lzksrksa dks vk/kj cuk;k x;k gSA blds fy, eq[;r% izdkf'kr xzUFk] fofHké i=k&if=kdkvksa esa Nis ys[k] izdkf'kr 'kks/ dk;Z bR;kfn dks vk/kj cuk;k x;k gSA rF; fo'ys"k.k % pS=k ekl esa Hkxoku f'ko dh iwtk dks iqjkus >kj[k.M {ks=k esa ^eaMk iwtk* ;k ^pM+d iwtk* dgrs gSaA blesa HkDrtu Hkxoku f'ko dks [kq'k djrs gSaA pS=k ekl ds 'kqDy i{k ls izkjEHk gksdj ;g T;s"B ekl rd euk;k tkrk gSA1 ;g vkx ij pydj mikluk o lk/uk dh lR;rk izekf.kr djus ds fy, lekt ds lHkh oxks± }kjk lfEefyr :i ls euk;k tkrk gSA vyx&vyx xk¡oksa esa ;g R;ksgkj vyx&vyx fnu euk;k tkrk gSA HkDrx.k bl volj ij Hkxoku f'ko ,oa 'kfDr ds lfEefyr Lo:i dh vkjk/uk vðZukjh'oj ds :i esa djrs gSaA ekU;rk ;g gS fd Hkxoku 'kadj dh HkfDr ls gh yksxksa dks 'kfDr feyrh gSA2 eaMk ;k pM+d iwtk ds eq[; mikld] ftUgsa ^HkksDrk* ;k ^Hkxrk* dgk tkrk gS] ds usr`Ro esa vU; lg&mikld //drs vaxkjksa ij uaxs ik¡o pyrs gSa] og Hkh rirh xjeh easA ftl jkr dks ;g R;ksgkj eukrs gSa] ml jkr dks ^tkxj.k* vkSj vaxkjksa ij pyus dh fØ;k dks ^Qøy[kq¡nh* dgrs gSaA xk¡o esa eaMk@pM+d ioZ eukus ds fy, nks LFkku pqus tkrs gSa] ,d esys ds fy, vkSj nwljk iwtk ds fy,] tks f'koefUnj ds ikl gksrk gSA mikld ;k HkksDrk dksbZ Hkh gks ldrk gSA blesa dksbZ tkfr ca/u ugha gSA 8&10 o"kZ ds ckyd ls ysdj cw<+s rd HkksDrk gksrs gSaA ,slh ekU;rk
jkds'k fdj.k gS fd ftl ij f'ko ds x.k dh va'k ek=k Hkh Nk;k vk tk,] og ^HkksDrk* ds fy, mi;qDr gksrk gSA ,slk gksus ij og O;fDr viuk flj /quus yxrk gS vkSj /jrh ij yksVrk gqvk eafnj ds fudV igq¡prk gSA eafnj esa igq¡pus ds ckn gh og O;fDr 'kkar gksrk gSA xk¡o eas ijEijkxr :i ls ikV HkksDrk vkSj lgk;d HkksDrk gksrs gSaA HkksDrk eq[; :i ls dgha ik¡p fnu] dgha lkr fnu vkSj dgha ukS fnuksa ds fy, inLFkkfir gksrs gSaA inLFkkiu ls iwoZ budk eqaMu djk;k tkrk gS] rc fof/or iwtk izkjEHk gksrh gSA iwtk ds izkjfEHkd fnu ls vfUre fnu rd ;s miokl esa jgrs gSa rFkk czãp;Z dk ikyu djrs gSaA ;s izfrfnu izkr% dky tyk'k; esa tkdj Luku djrs gSa] rc iwtk&ikB esa twV tkrs gSaA eq[; (ikV) HkksDrk iwtk&ikB djus ds ckn ,d&,d xk¡o okys ds ?kj tkdj iwtk djrk gSA ml le; vU; HkksDrkx.k /ksrh igudj lt&l¡ojdj ^Mxj* Hkjrs gSaA ;g iwtk ^eaMk* ;k ^pM+d* ds vafre fnu rd fu;fer :i ls pyrh jgrh gSA eaMk dh iwoZ jkf=k dks jkf=k tkxj.k ,oa euksjatu ds fy, bl {ks=k ds lcls yksdfiz; yksd u`R;& ^NkS u`R;* dk vk;kstu yxHkx vfuok;Z :i ls gj txg fd;k tkrk gSA dgha&dgha trjk dk Hkh vk;kstu gksrk gSA eaMk iwtk ds nkSjku HkksDrkvksa dh os'kHkw"kk Hkh dkQh vkd"kZd gksrh gSA mUgsa jax&fcjaxh iks'kkdksa esa da/ks ij paoj] iSjksa esa ?kqa?k:]
Zdå~a - 2017
13
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k gkFkksa esa csar dh NM+h] eksj dk ia[k] flj ij ixM+h] xys esa xqybph Qøyksa dh eksVh ekyk bR;kfn ls ltk;k tkrk gSA d÷N txgksa ij iq#"k HkksDrkvksa dks efgykvksa dh os'kHkw"kk esa ltkus&laokjus dk Hkh izpyu gSA miokl djus okys HkksDrkvksa dh enn ;k lsok ds fy, ?kj dh fdlh ,d efgyk dks fo'ks"k ftEesokjh nh tkrh gS] ftls ^lks[krkbu* dgk tkrk gSA iq#"k HkDr dks ^HkksDrk* rFkk efgyk HkDr dks ^HkksDrkbu* dgk tkrk gSA bUgsa /kfeZd vkLFkk ds dfBu fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk gksrk gSA3 eaMk ;k pM+d iwtk esa fuEufyf[kr dk;ZØeksa ds vk;kstu dh ijEijk jgh gS % d- yksVu lsok % lcls izkjEHk eas HkksDrkx.k f'ko eafnj esa yksVu lsok djrs gq, eafnj eas izos'k dj ek¡ Hkxorh ,oa Hkxoku f'ko dh vkjk/uk djrs gSaA blls iwoZ f'ko HkDr bDdhl ckj vkil esa xys feyrs gSaA yksVu lsok ds nkSjku HkDrx.k bl ea=k dk ckjEckj mPpkj.k djrs gSa % ^^Hkxrk&Hkxrh] Hkxr iqjkuh] f'ko lsok ,d è;kuh] f'kok Hksuh HksxA** [k- /q¡vklh % tehu ij vkx yxkdj [kaHks ds lgkjs HkksDrkvksa dks flj uhps dh vksj djds yVdk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj vkx ds vkj&ikj >qyk;k tkrk gSA bls èkwi&èkwou dh vfXu f'k[kk ij yVdkuk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;gh vfXu ijh{kk Hkh gksrh gSA blds ckn /kj.kk vuq"Bku gksrk gS] ftlesa f'kofyax esa rkacwy] ykSax] dlSyh vkSj v{kr p<+k;k tkrk gSA ,slh ekU;rk gS fd vxj p<+kok /j.kk esa fxj x;k rks ckck HkksysukFk us HkDr dk p<+kok Lohdkj dj fy;kA x- Q÷y[kqanh % Q÷y[kqanh eas HkDrtu uaxs ik¡o vkx ij pyrs gSaA yxHkx 15&20 QhV yEck vkSj 2&3 QhV pkSM+k ukyk cuk;k tkrk gSA bls vke dh lq[kh ydfM+;ksa ls ikV fn;k tkrk gSA HkksDrkx.k ,d Vk¡x ij blds pkjksa vksj ?kqe&?kqedj blesa ydfM+;k¡ Mkyrs gSaA u, lwi ls gok djds ml ukys ls vaxkjs rS;kj fd, tkrs gSaA viuh iwtk lEiUu dj lw;kZLr gksus ds ckn HkksDrk egknso eafnj ls ngdrs vaxkjs ds lehi igq¡prs gSaA HkksDrk ds lkFk lks[krkbusa ekFks ij dy'k vkSj vkez&iYyo ysdj ektZu djrh gqbZ pyrh gSaA iwjh rjg vaxkjs ds :i esa cnyus dks ^vaxksjk* gksuk dgrs gSaA vaxksjk gks tkus ij igys iqtkjh mlesa ls d÷N vaxkjs viuh uaxh gFksyh ij ysdj eafnj esa pyk tkrk gS vkSj nsoh&nsorkvksa
dks vfiZr djrk gSA blds ckn HkDrtu vaxksjk ij uaxs ik¡o pyrs gSaA blesa L=kh&iq#"k vkSj cPps lc 'kjhd gksrs gSaA bl jgL; dks vktrd dksbZ le> ugha ik;k gS fd dSls ;s HkDr bu ngdrs vaxkjksa ij uaxs ik¡o py ysrs gSaA ?k- >wyu % >wyu esa HkDrksa dh uaxh ihB eas yksgs dk gqd yxkdj jLls ds lgkjs yacs [kaHks ij yVdkdj pkjksa vksj ?kqek;k tkrk gSA bl [kaHks dks ^pjd LraHk^ ;k ^pjd Mkax epku^ dgk tkrk gSA bl [kaHks eas ,d pj[kh yxh gksrh gSA dkQh nsj rd HkDr tu gok esa blh pj[kh ij gqd ds lgkjs ;k pknj ls c¡/s tehu ls 15&20 QhV rd dh Å¡pkbZ ij gok esa yVds vkSj rSjrs ;k pkjksa vksj ?kwers jgrs gSaA bl nkSjku os Åij ls Qøyksa dh ckSNkj djrs gSa] ftUgsa ikus ds fy, cM+h la[;k esa Jðkyq efgyk,¡ uhps vius vk¡py ilkjs bartkj dj jgh gksrh gSaA iq#"k HkDr Hkh nkSM+&nkSM+dj vius gkFkksa esa Qøy ikus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA >wyu ls Qsads x, Qøyksa dks dkQh dY;k.kdkjh ekuk tkrk gS vkSj bUgsa gkfly djuk cM+k lkSHkkX; ekuk tkrk gSA bu Qøyksa ds fy, HkDr L=kh&iq#"k ?kaVksa [kM+s jgdj bUrtkj djrs gSaA eaMk@pM+d iwtk nl fnolh; gksrk gSA nl fnuksa rd HkksDrk dks dM+s vuq'kklu esa jguk iM+rk gSA nl fnu igys gh ikjEifjd ikV HkDrk ;kfu eq[; HkksDrk iwtk dk;Z esa lHkh HkksDrkvksa dk usr`Ro djrk gSA HkksDrk jkf=k esa Hkkstu ugha djrkA og fu;e&la;e ls jgrk gSA 'kjkc&ekal mlds ?kj ij ugha idrsA og 'kjcr] puk ;k Qy ,d le; gh [kkrk gSA dgha&dgha rks HkksDrk flQZ nq/ ;k [khj [kkdj gh jgrk gSA vU; HkksDrk eaMk@pM+d iwtk ds rhu fnu iwoZ ls ikV HkksDrk dh rjg jgrs gSaA nksukas le; Luku&/;ku] iwtk&vpZuk djrs gSaA Qøy[kq¡nh ls 24 ?kaVs iwoZ ls futZyk miokl fd;k tkrk gSA iwjs fnu lkr ckj Luku fd;k tkrk gSA HkksDrkvksa ds lkFk lks[krkbusa Hkh Luku djrh gSaA Luku ds ckn Hkhxs oL=k igus gh egknso eafnj esa tkdj iwtk&vpZuk dh tkrh gSA Luku ds ckn 'kjhj lq[kk;k ugha tkrkA gj HkksDrk dh lsok esa ,d&,d lks[krkbu gksrh gSa]tks HkksDrk ds d"Vksa dks lks[k ysrh gSaA vkx ij pyus vkSj 'kjhj esa yksgk ?kqlkus ds tfj;s iwtk dk izpyu fczfV'kdky esa eækl jsthMsalh ds {ks=k esa Hkh FkkA ml oDr vaxzstksa us ml {ks=k esa bl ij jksd yxkus dh ukdke dksf'k'k dh FkhA vkt Hkh fo'o ds dbZ {ks=ksa esa blds
Zdå~a - 2017 ISSN2231-3079
fofHkUu :i ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA mÙkjh ;wuku ds xk¡oksa esa vkx ij uaxs iSj pydj gj lky ebZ eghus esa lar daLVsVkbu ,oa lar gsysu dh iwtk dh tkrh gSA cqYxkfj;k] nf{k.k vÝhdk] eysf'k;k] flaxkiqj bR;kfn ns'kksa esa vkt Hkh bldk izpyu gSA bldh 'kq:vkr bZlk iwoZ 1200 ls gksus ds izek.k feyrs gSaA4 fu"d"kZ %& u`R; ds iwoZ fd, tkusokys /kfeZd vuq"Bkuksa us NkS u`R; dh 'kSyh vkSj izÑfr dks cgqr va'kksa rd izHkkfor fd;k gSA okf"kZd u`R;ksRlo lEiUu fd, tkus ds igys /kfeZd jhfr;ksa dh lEiUurk ls NkS u`R; xgjs :i esa tqM+k gqvk gSA bu /kfeZd jhfr;ksa dks vyx j[kdj NkS u`R; dks iwjh rjg ugha le>k tk ldrkA bl u`R; esa fo|eku xaHkhjrk vkSj ijkdksfV ds xq.k ladsfrr djrs gSa fd NkS u`R; ds 'kkjhfjd lapkyu /kfeZd vuq"BkuhÑr :i fy, gksrs gSaA NkS u`R; us rks viuh dykRed vo/ kj.kk dks vè;kRe vkSj laLÑfr ls xgjs :i esa tksM+s j[kk gSA ewy ljk;dsyk NkS u`R; vkSj e;wjHkath u`R; /kfeZd vuq"Bku ls tqM+s gq, gSaA NkS u`R; ds iwoZ pS=kioZ dk euk;k tkuk] dyk vkSj vè;kRe dh ?kfu"Brk dk |ksrd gSA ;g pS=kioZ&dyk] vè;kRe vkSj yksdksRlo dk laxe&LFky gS] ftleas fcuk tkfrxr Hksn&Hkko ds vke turk iwjs euks;ksx ds lkFk vkuUneXu fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA bl pS=kioZ ds mRlo esa jktk ls jad rd dh Hkkxhnkjh ,d foy{k.k lkekftd] vkè;kfRed vkSj dykRed lfEeJ.k dk Lo:i mifLFkr djrh gSA lanHkZ % 1- oekZ] xkSjh'kadj (1964)] Nm&u`R; (ljk;dsyk dk vk¡pfyd u`R;)] v#.k izdk'ku] iVuk] i`Œ&2 2- izlkn] MkWŒ ;ksxsUæ (2012)] >kj[k.M dh lkaLÑfrd /jksgj&ljk;dsyk NÅ] fdrkc?kj izdk'k] ubZ fnYyh] i`Œ&45 3- izlkn] MkWŒ cnjh (2013)] Hkkjrh; Nm u`R;&bfrgkl] laLÑfr vkSj dyk (Hkkx&1)] laxhr ukVd vdknseh] ubZ fnYyh] i`Œ&35 4- Ñ".k lat; (2016)] >kj[k.M ds esys] izHkkr izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] i`Œ&45&50A 'kks/kFkhZ tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkx] jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡phA eksŒ uaŒ&9431173725 14
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k
lkBksÙkj fgUnh ukVdksa esa fuEu eè;oxZ ls lacð iq#"k ik= laè;k d÷ekjh
l
•
a
kBksÙkj fgUnh ukVksdksa esa ;gk¡ fuEu eè;oxZ ls lEcð iq#"k&ik=kksa ds ckjs esa eSa ppkZ d:¡xhA fuEu eè;oxZ vkfFkZd n`f"V ls mPp eè;oxZ dh vis{kk izk;% vfuf'pr vkSj vlqjf{kr gksrk gSA ;g Lo;a dks vkfFkZd :i esa lqjf{kr djus esa gh tqVk jgrk gSA bl n`f"V ls lqj{kk dk Hkko feyus ij ;g vf/d ls vf/d mPp eè;oxZ ds thou Lrj rd igq¡pus dh ykylk vo'; jgrk gS ij ;fn u Hkh igq¡p ik, rc Hkh blesa vlarks"k ugha gksrkA ;g rks vk, fnu vius fy, jgus] [kkus vkSj lksus dh leL;kvksa ls tw>rk gSA vius fy, lqjf{kr LFkku esa p;u ls jgus] isV Hkj [kkus vkSj fu}ZU} Hkko ls lksus ds fy, fuEu&eè;oxZ ds yksx yxHkx rjlrk gh jgrk gSA ledkyhu fgUnh ukVddkjks dk è;ku fuEu eè; oxZ dh Hkh muds jpuk lalkj esa iz;kZIr izfrfuf/Ro feyk gSA (gkuq'k)] (pkjikbZ)] (fnYyh Å¡pk lqurh gS)] (Bgjk gqvk ikuh)] (xqQk,¡) vkfn buds Toyar izek.k gSA fuEu&eè;oxZhZ; ifjokj esa vf'k{kk vkSj csjkstxkjh dh leL;k,¡ Hkh viuh fodjkyrk ds lkFk gksrh gaS bl izdkj ds ifjokjksa esa dekus okyk izk;% firk ;k ifr gksrk gS] ftldh mi;ksfxrk ns[krs gq, ifjokj esa mls gh loZFkk egRoiw.kZ ,oa vifjgk;Z ekuk tkrk gSA 'ks"k lHkh lnL; lHkh ds bPNkvksa ds vuqlkj thrs ;k lksprs gSa ;g fLFkfr cgqr =kknl ekuh xbZ gS] mUgas ?kj dh rkyk'k ls T;knk vius lj Nqikus Hkj edku dh rkyk'k gksrh gSA ifr&iRuh ds lEcU/ksa dh xksiuh;rk ,oa vkReh;rk blds fy, ek;us ugha jgrhA ,d cM+s ifjokj dk ladV vf'k{kk] csjkstxkjh vkSj leL;k,¡ gh buds lkeus viuh fodjkyrk esa gksrh gSaA gkuw'k Hkh"e lkguh dk ,d ,slk ukVd gS ftlds ik=k viuh&viuh leL;kvksa ds lkFk jktuSfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj ikfjokfjd igyqvksa dss O;kid lanHkk±s esa izLrqr gq, gSaA gkuw'k bl
ukVd dk dsaæh; ik=k gSA gkuw'k ,d lkekU; ifjos'k esa thus okyk vke vkneh Fkk tks dHkh fof'k"B Hkh gksrk gS rks dHkh viuh foy{k.k izfrHkk ds dkj.k mlds bnZ&fxnZ dk ifjos'k esa vHkko] ikfjokfjd ruko] jktuSfrd ncko /kfeZd d÷pØ] fLFkfr;ksa dh foMEcuk vkSj ukVdh;rk fo|eku Fkh] ftlls ,d fuEu eè;oxhZ; ifjokj vk, fnu tw>rs gaS fuEu eè;oxhZ; ifjokj dh vkfFkZd vlqj{kk ,oa vfuf'prk bls vius ifjos'k vkSj gkykr ls gh yxkrkj la?k"kZjr j[krh gS budh vkdk¡{kk,¡ cgqr HkO; u gksdj vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa us fd;k gS og Hkh eekZUrd gSA izÑfr o vius ifjokj ls vyx&Fkyx iSlk dekus ds fy, fnu&jkr [kVus ,oa ,d yEch ;kaf=kd ,oa Hkkouk fofgu ftUnxh fcrkus ds ckn cw<+k cki tc viuh reke mez dh Fkdku feVkus tc vius ifjokj esa ykSVrk gS rks og ikrk gS fd ;g ifjokj Hkh viuh vkfFkZd ikfjokfjd vko';drkvksa ds dkj.k ?kqV jgk gS] d÷<+ jgk gSA vc vkilh lEcU/ksa dk LFkku vfuPNk] vkrad ,oa vk'kadk us ys fy;k gS vkSj gj vkneh vius vki esa dlSyk gks x;k gSA vkfFkZd vHkko ds dkj.k lEcU/ksa esa xjekgV vkSj vkReh;rk dk LFkku vc fjDrrk] tM+rk] vtuchiu] ruko ,oa jgus] [kkus vkSj lksus dh leL;kvksa us ys fy;k gSA iq#"k jkst&jkst gkM+&rksM+ esgur dj Fkdku ls pqj gks tkrk gS vkSj cw<+k O;fDr ftUnxh dks ysdj eksg Hkax ls VwV pqdk gSA ek/ks flag (fnYyh Å¡pk lqurh gS) ds lkFk os lHkh leL;k,¡ tqM+h gaS tks ,d fuEu eè;oxhZ; ifjokj dh gok esa d÷N bl izdkj ?kqy&fey tkrh gS fd vke vkneh ds fy, muls NqVdkjk ikuk vlaHko gh gSA vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr gh] lekt euksoSKkfud ds vuqlkj O;fDr dh thou mldh eu% fLFkfr ,oa muds O;okj dks :i nsus okyh ,d vfuok;Z ?kVd gSA lh/s&lkns /jkry ij dsoy vius thou Lrj dks FkksM+k Å¡pk mBkdj mPp&eè;oxZ rd igq¡pus dh gh gksrh gSA vkfFkZd t:jrksa dks gh iwjk djus esa yxs jgus ds dkj.k bls vf/d d÷N vkSj lksp ikus
dh u buds ikl Q÷lZr gksrh gS vkSj u gh bPNkA gkuw'k ifjos'k dh izfrdøyrk ls grk'k&fujk'k ,d ,sls O;fDr ds :i esa vk;k gS ftldh l`tukRedrk ikfjokfjd rkukoksa] jktuSfrd nckoksa] /kfeZd d÷pØksa ,oa fuEu eè;oxhZ; vHkkoksa ds dkj.k vo:ð gks pqdh Fkh] ;gk¡ gkuw'k dh fof'k"Vrk bl n`f"V ls lokZf/d mHkjdj vkbZ gS fd og vius ifjos'k ds vf/dkf/d izfrdøy gksrs pys tkus ds ckotwn Hkh gkj ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gqvkA lÙkk dh Øøj døVuhfr us mls ;Fkk laHko grksRlkfgr fd;k] fdUrq fQj Hkh mlus mlds vkrad ds fo:ð foæksg izxV djus dk ,d NksVk fdUrq egRiw.kZ iz;kl fd;kA pkjikbZ ukVd esa ys[kd us vius ik=kksa dks lokZf/d ekfeZdrk ds lkFk O;aftr fd;k gS iq#"k vkSj cw<+k ;s nksuksa gh lksus vkSj jgus dh leL;kvksa ls tw> jgs gS ,d fjVk;MZ O;fDr dh fLFkfr dh O;FkZrk ;gk¡ vpwd :i esa mHkjh gS vkSj mldh lgt ,oa LoHkkfod vkdka{kk,¡ ;gk¡ eekZUrd :i esa eq[kj gqbZ gSA cww<+s O;fDr dh 'ks"k thou dks ysdj lgt LoHkkfod bPNkvksa ij tks d÷Bkjk?kkr] lkekftd] vkfFkZd ladV us gh ek/ks flag dh [kqf'k;ksa dks xzg.k yxk fn;k gSA NÙkhl] vM+rhl lky rd ek/ks flag bZekunkjh dk ukSdjh djus ds ckn lsok fuo`r gksdj ,d vkjke dh ftUnxh thuk pkgrk gS] fdUrq O;oLFkk mldk ihNk mlds fjVk;MZ gks tkus ds ckn Hkh ugha NksM+rh vkSj isa'ku dh mEehn esa Fkd&gkjdj ne rksM+ nsrk gSA ek/ks flag dh isa'ku N% eghus ls :dh gqbZ Fkh ftlds dkj.k mldh gkfnZd bPNk,¡] egRodka{kk,¡ Hkh LFkfxr Fkh] fQj Hkh ,d mEehn dh vkl FkhA ,d {k.k rks og LrfEHkr gks okD'kwU; gks x;k] tc mUgs ;g irk pyk fd isa'ku ds fjdkMZ&QkbZy esa ek/ks flag uked O;fDr dh rks e`R;q gks pqdh gSA ,d thrk&tkxrk balku viuh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh izrkM+uk ls laosnu'kwU; gks x;k gSA vkfFkZd izgkjksa us pksV dj&dj ds mUgs iRFkj cuk fn;k gSA ;s fpUrk,¡ vkfFkZd n`f"V ls vHkkoxzLr]
Zdå~a - 2017
15
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k lekftd n`f"V ls vlqjf{kr] euksoSKkfud n`f"V ls d÷aBkxzLr vke vkneh dh fpUrk,¡ gaS] tks ?kqu dh rjg mls [kkrh tkrh gSaA lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj euksoSKkfud leL;k,¡ O;fDr dks fdruk rksM+ Mkyrh gSa] ;g ek/ks flag ds O;fDrRo ls lokZf/d :ikf;r gqvk gSA ^Bgjk gqvk ikuh* esa ckcw fuEu eè;oxhZ; ifjokj dh igys ls gh cksf>y fLFkfr esa viuh :f<+okfnrk rFkk fujad÷'krk ls ifjokj dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk vkSj vf/d vLoHkkfod cuk nsrk gSA ,sls okrkoj.k esa nscq tSls cPpksa dh D;k eu% fLFkfr gks ldrh gS] izLrqr
i`"B 12 dk 'ks"k Hkkx
çHkko Hkh iM+rk gSA fiNys d÷N n'kdksa esa lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd ek;uksa esa D;k cnyko vk, gSa vkSj mudk Hkkjrh; flusek ij D;k çHkko iM+k gSA ^;'kjkt fQYEl dh nks fQYeksa] ^fnyokys nqYgfu;k ys tk,axs* vkSj ^jc us cuk nh tksM+h* dks ge mnkgj.k ds :i esa ysrs gSaA igyh fQYe esa yM+dh dh eka rd pkgrh gSa fd og yM+ds ds lkFk Hkkx tk,A og vius xguksa dh Hkh frykatfy nsus dks rS;kj gSA ysfdu fcYd÷y fganh fQYe ds ghjks dh rjg ghjks yM+dh ds firk dh ethZ ls gh 'kknh djus ij vM+ tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; lekt esa bls cgqr lEekfur ekuk tkrk gSA ?kj ls Hkkxuk ml le; cM+k gkSOok ekuk tkrk FkkA nwljh fQYe esa iwjh rjg vyx fopkj gSA ghjks 'kknh'kqnk ghjksbu dks dgrk gS fd vxj og vius nCcw ifr ds lkFk [kq'k ugha gS rks mlds lkFk Hkkx pysA 'kknh'kqnk ds lkFk çse laca/ vkSj Hkkx tkus dk fopkj gesa Lohdk;Z gks x;k gSA bUgha cnykoksa dks ge ckn dh vU; fQYeksa esa Hkh ns[k ldrs gSaA gekjs le; dh nks e'kgwj fQYesa] ^dkWdVsy* vkSj ^tc rd gS tku*] blls vkxs c<+dj fyo&bu laca/] 'kknh ls igys lsDl vkSj ^u mez dh lhek gks* okyh çse dgkuh dks fn[kkrs gSaA gkykafd ,d n'kd igys ^mez dh lhek u jgs* okyh çse dgkuh ^yEgs* dks Hkkjrh; n'kZdksa us udkj fn;k FkkA ysfdu vc viuh mez ls nqxus O;fä ds lkFk laca/ vkSj 'kknh ls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rkA*2 lkekftd fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/r fQYesa ;qok oxZ esa ns'kHkfä] jk"Vªh; ,drk vkSj ekuo&ewY;ksa dk çlkj djrh gSaA cgqr lkjh fQYesa gSa tks tkfr&çFkk] ngst&çFkk] Hkz"Vkpkj] HkkbZ&Hkrhtkokn tSlh lkekftd d÷jhfr;ksa dks nwj djus dh çsj.kk nsrh gSaA vEcsMdj ij ,d fQYe ^Hkhe xtZuk* uke ls cuh gS tcfd nwljh fQYe vEcsMdj 'kh"kZd ls ejkBh fQYedkj tCckj iVsy }kjk cuk;h x;h gSA tCckj iVsy ejkBh flusek ds l'kä gLrk{kj gSa vkSj muds }kjk cuk;h tkus okyh fdlh fQYe ls ;g vis{kk ugha Fkh fd mlesa rF;kRed xM+cfM+;k¡ gksaxh ysfdu ,u,QMhlh] lkekftd ,oa lgdkfjrk ea=kyk;] Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj egkjk"Vª
ukVd blh dks jgL;ksn~?kkfVr djrk gSA bl izdkj fuEu eè;oxhZ; ik=kksa ds O;ogkj dks lokZf/d izHkkfor djrh jgh gSA blds dkj.k grk'kk] fujk'kk vkSj eksg Hkax dh fLFkfr Hkh mRiUu gqbZ gSA dgha tM+rk vkSj laosn'khyrk dh fLFkfr] rks dgha vius O;fDrRo dks LFkkfir djus dh fujarj dksf'k'k gqbZ gSA ;kaf=kdrk ,oa Hkkofgurk us dbZ izdkj ls dk;jrk ,oa :X.k ekufldrk dks tUe fn;k gSA ;gk¡ lsDl lEcU/h n`f"V oLrqr% ijkftr eu dk ,d ,slk vif'k"V thou rUrq gS ftlesa ik=kksa dh le> dks chekj dj fn;k gS
lanHkZ lwph % 1- fHk"e lkguh % gkuw'k] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey izdk'ku] lu~&1977] i`"B&05 2- fHk"e lkguh % gkuw'k i`"B&16&17 3- 'kkafr esgjks=kk % Bgjk gqvk ikuh] uVjax vad & 25] iwoksZDr i`"B&07 4- d÷lqe d÷ekj % fnYyh Å¡pk lqurh gS] i`"V&16 ] 5- jkes'oj izse % pkjikbZ i`"V&15 'kks/kFkhZ & ohj d÷¡oj flag fo'ofo|ky;] vkjk eks0&7562818982
ljdkj ds lg;ksx ls cuh ;g fQYe ns[kdj dbZ LFkkuksa ij ;g ckr le> esa vk;h fd fQYe esa rF;kRed xM+cfM+;k¡ lpsr ;k vpsr rkSj ij dh x;ha gSaA tCckj iVsy Hkh egkjk"Vª ds gSa vkSj vEcsMdj HkhA vEcsMdjoknh vkUnksyu egkjk"Vª esa cgqr rkdroj Hkh gSa ,sls esa ejkBh yksx ftruk vEcsMdj ds thou vkSj muds la?k"kZ ls okfdQ gSa mruk Hkkjr esa vkSj dksbZ ughaA fQj Hkh dbZ LFkkuksa ij fQYe esa xM+cfM+;k¡ gqbZ gSaA flusek esa lkekftd fo"k;ksa ds ç'u dks vkxs c<+krs gq, d÷N fQYeksa dh ppkZ djuk pkgw¡xkA ,slh fQYeksa esa lkou d÷ekj dh fQYe ^lkSru* dk ftØ fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftlesa fQYe dh ukf;dk ifn~euh dksYgkiqjh dks nfyr fn[kk;k x;k gSA mlds firk dh Hkwfedk esa Jhjke ykxw us nfyr dh ihM+k dks c[kwch vfHkO;ä nh gSA ^1942 , yo LVksjh* esa Hkh eLd ls ikuh fNM+drk ik=k nfyr gS rFkk xqytkj dh ^gw&rw&rw* esa ukuk ikVsdj dks yksd dfo vkSj egkj ;kfu Hkaxh tkfr dk fn[kk;k x;k gSA xkSre ?kks"k dh fQYe ^ikFk*] çdk'k >k dh fQYe ^nkeqy* vkSj ^;wvkj* vuUrewfrZ dh dgkuh ?kVJkð ij ^nh{kk* uke ls cuh fQYe] caxkyh ls fgUnh esa vuqfnr fQYe ^vUrtZyh ;k=k* rFkk çsepUn dh dgkuh ^xksnku*] ^dQu*] ^nks cSyksa dh vkRedFkk*] ^lnxfr* vkSj ^xcu* ij cuh fQYeksa us nfyr ç'u dks ;FkklaHko bu Ñfr;ksa dh vuq:i çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA tkfrxr n`f"Vdks.k vkSj vU;k; dk çfrdkj djus okyh vHkh rd dh lcls l'kä fQYe ^cSaMhV Dohu* gh fn[kk;h nsrh gS tks lkèkkj.k nfyr L=kh ls nL;q lqUnjh vkSj fQj lkaln cuh Qøyu nsoh ds thou ij vk/kfjr FkhA eq>s blds vfrfjä dksbZ mYys[kuh; fQYe ugha fn[kk;h nh] gks ldrk gS d÷N vkSj ,slh fQYesa gksa ftuesa nfyr ç'u dks Bhd ls Nqvk x;k gksA bu lc fQYeksa ij ppkZ djus ckn ,slk yxrk gS fd flusek esa nfyr mlh rjg gkf'k, ij gS tSls lkfgR; o bfrgkl esaA lu~ 1960 esa nfyr lkfgR; dk çkjEHk gqvk rcls ysdj vc rd dbZ nfyr lkfgR;dkj lkeus vk;s gSa ftudh Ñfr;k¡ ppkZ ds dsUæ esa jgh gSa fdUrq flusek esa ftls lkfgR; dk foLrkj dgk tkrk gS bl rjg dk vkUnksyu
fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk uk gh dksbZ mYys[kuh; fQYedkj mHkj dj lkeus vk;k gSA flusek dh ,d [kkl ckr ;g gS fd flusek ekl ehfM;k vkSj ekl euksjatu gSA mldk ^ekl* gksuk mldh çÑfr esa og ,d lkFk lekt ds fofo/ yksxksa] cPps&cw<+s] vehj&xjhc] vkSjr&enZ] fgUnw&eqlyeku] czkã.k vkSj 'kwæ lcdks miyC/ gksrk gSA fganh flusek esa ^Hkk"kk* ^Mªsl* ^lH;rk* esa dkQh rsth ls cnyko gqvk gSA ge Hkkjr dh laLÑfr dh ckr djrs gSa rks ogha ge fons'kh igukok] Hkk"kk] vkSj mudk dYpj ds vkfn gks jgs] vkt dh fQYeksa esa xkfy;k¡] Hkís igukos] vkSj Hkís lekt dks dyafdr djrs fons'kh dYpj lekt dks nhed dh rjg pkV jgs gSa] blds fy, t:jh dne mBkuk gh cgqr cM+k dke gS] blds fy, fuekZrkvksa vkSj geyksxksa dks bl vkSj è;ku nsuk gksxk fd dgha ,slk rks ugha fd ftl lekt dk ge liuk ns[k jgs gSa oks liuk gh jg tk,A lanHkZ xzaFk : 1- http://www-hindivarta.com/essayon cinema-chalchitra in hindi 2-http://www-bbc.com/hindi entertainment/2013/05/130506_cinema_ and_society_rd lgk;d lanHkZ xzaFk & 1- Suresh Chabria ; Paolo Cherchi Usai (1994)- Light of Asia: Indian Silent Cinema 1912–1934- Wiley Eastern, ISBN- 978-81-224-0680-1 2- Dwyer, Rachel; Patel, Divia (2002)- Cinema India: The Visual Culture of Hindi Film , ISBN- 978-0-81353175-5laidZ % vfrfFk çoäk] ,-ts-lh- cksl dkWyst] dksydkrk] lgk;d laiknd] vfXuxHkkZ] if=kdk 4] eqjkjh iqd÷j ysu] dksydkrk&67 eks- ua- % 9804551685 bZesy& anandpcdas@gmail.com
Zdå~a - 2017
16
ISSN2231-3079
'kks/ ys[k
X¥{îQnmV
eékq Hk.Mkjh dk dFkk&lkfgR; % ,d vUr;kZ=k •
e
iwtk d÷ekjh
Uuw Hk.Mkjh ds dFkk&lkfgR; dks eksVs rkSj ij nks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gS & igyk miU;kl lkfgR; vkSj nwljk dgkuh lkfgR;A eUuw Hk.Mkjh ds vc rd ik¡p miU;kl vkSj vkB dgkuh laxzg izdkf'kr gq, gSaA
miU;klksa eas ,d jktsUæ ;kno ds lgys[ku esa fy[kk x;k miU;kl gS vkSj ,d ckyi;ksxh miU;kl gSA gekjs vuq'khyu fo"k;d ik¡p gh miU;kl gSaA vr% ik¡pksa miU;klksa ij Øe'k% fopkj fd;k tk jgk gS & miU;kl lkfgR; & ^vkidk caVh*] ^egkHkkst*] ^dyok*] ^Lokeh* vkSj ^,d bap eqLdku* ;g ik¡p miU;kl gaS] tks eUuw Hk.Mkjh ds miU;klksa ds uke ls tkus tkrs gSA ;gk¡ izR;sd miU;kl dk fo'kn~ vUos"k.k lehphu gSA ^vkidk caVh* eUuw Hk.Mkjh dk bl udyh vk/qfudrk ls nwj vkt dh egkuxjh ftUnxh ds ,d igyw dh rh[kh okLrfodrk dk lgh cks/ djkus okyk miU;kl gSA fgUnh dk ;g igyk miU;kl gS ftlesa ,d fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr esa iM+s gq, cPps dh eu% fLFkfr dks brus foLr`r Qyd ij fp=kkadu fd;k x;k gSA vkidk caVh oLrqr% eUuw Hk.Mkjh dk izFke miU;kl gSA v/qfud thou fLFkfr;ksa ds nwokZj osx esa fo;qDr gq, ifr&iRuh dh ;kruk ls ijs muds lfEefyr thou dh nsu larku bl izdkj ifjR;Drk ekrk ;k firk ds lkFk jgrh gqbZ vlqj{kk vkSj vlekU;rk dh
;a=k.kk dh f'kdkj gks tkrh gSA eUuw Hk.Mkjh us blh dks viuk dF; cukrs gq, yxHkx nks lkS lÙkkbZl i`"B dk ;g miU;kl izLrqr fd;k gSA cUVh ds ekrk&firk 'kd÷u vkSj vt; gSa] tks fd vk/qfud Lora=k fopkj/kjk ls izokfgr gaSA nksuksa vga Hkkouk ls xzLr gS 'kd÷u vkSj vt; dHkh le>kSrk ugha dj ikrs gSa ftlls ruko mRiUu gks tkrk gSA ifj.kker% nksuksa ,d nwljs ls vyx jgus yxrs gSaA 'kd÷u vt; dks NksM+dj fnYyh esa caVh ds lkFk jgus yxrh gSA ogka og ,d dkWyst esa fizafliy dk nkf;Ro lEHkkyrh gSA fizafliy eEeh ftruk l[r gS] cUVh dh eEeh ds :i esa mruh gh dksey] bl izdkj ,d gh O;fDr esa nks O;fDr;ksa dk ;g foHkktu fdruk okLrfod vkSj vk/qfud gSA og yxHkx lkr o"kks± ls caVh ds lkFk jgdj viuk thou O;rhr djrh gSA vt; dydÙkk ls caVh ls feyus vDlj vk;k djrk Fkk] og f[kykSus bR;knh dh HkasV djrk Fkk rFkk ?kqeus&?kqekus Hkh ys tkrk FkkA vt; caVh ds lkFk dydrk pyus dks Hkh dgrk gSA caVh eEeh ls nwj ugh jg ldrk] D;ksafd mls eEeh ls csgn I;kj gS vkSj eEeh Hkh mls csgn I;kj djrh gSA ifr ls vyx gqbZ iRuh larku ds lkFk jgus ij Hkh mls lgt :i ls eeRo ugha ns ikrh ;k rks de nsrh gS ;k vfrfjDrA og rks pkgrk gS fd eEeh&ikik lkFk&lkFk jgsaA og viuh eEeh&ikik dh yM+kbZ vkSj ruko dks ugha le> ikrk gSA vt; 'kd÷u vyx rks igys gh gks pqds Fks ijUrq d÷N le; i'pkr rykd gks tkrk gS 'kd÷u caVh dk u rks gfFk;kj ds :i esa mi;ksx dj ldh vkSj u gh og mls ^VkpZj* dj ldhA caVh dks og lsrq ds :i esa Hkh ns[krh gS] tks
Zdå~a - 2017
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ISSN2231-3079
'kks/ ys[k vt; vkSj mldh nwjh dks feVk nsxk ijUrq ^caVh* lsrq Hkh ugha cu ikrkA vt; viuk oSokfgd thou ehjk ds lkFk 'kq: dj pqdk gksrk gSA ofdy pkpk ds lq>ko ij fd mls Hkh viuk Hkfo"; ns[kuk pkfg, rFkk caVh dks gkWLVy Hkstus dh lykg nsrs gSa] ftlls caVh leku vk;q okys fe=kksa ds lkFk jg lds rFkk eEeh ds vfrfjDr Hkh d÷N lkspsA ijUrq 'kd÷u vdsysiu dks u lg ldus ds dkj.k caVh dks gkWLVy ugha Hkst ikrh ijUrq viuk Hkfo"; ns[krs gq, rFkk blh vf/dkj Hkkouk ls izsfjr gksdj MkWDVj tks'kh ls fookg djrh gS] ;g fn[kkus ds fy, fd ;fn vt;] ehjk ds lkFk fookg dj ldrk gS rks D;k og fookg ugha dj ldrh gSA QøQh bl fookg ds ifj.kke dks tkurs gq,] ncs Loj esa mudk foæksg Hkh djrh gS] ijUrq 'kd÷u MkWDVj tks'kh ls fookg dj ysrh gSA MkWDVj tks'kh fo/qj gS rFkk igyh iRuh ls muds ,d iq=k vfHk vkSj iq=kh tksr gSaA MkWDVj tks'kh dk O;fDrRo vkd"kZd rFkk lqy>k gqvk gS] og dfBu ls dfBu leL;k dks Hkh vklkuh ls lgt <aax ls gy dj nsrs gaSA bUgha xq.kksa ls 'kd÷u MkWDVj tks'kh ds izfr vkdf"kZr gksrh gSA MkWDVj tks'kh ls fookg djus ds i'pkr 'kd÷u viuh dksBh NksM+dj MkW0 tks'kh dh dksBh esa caVh ds lkFk vkdj jgus yxrh gSA caVh dksBh esa vkdj lcds chp Hkh vdsykiu eglwl djrk gS D;ksafd mldh QøQh] mldk ekyh] ckx&cxhps ftuls mldk fo'ks"k yxo Fkk] og lc fiNs gh NwV x, FksA og eglwl djrk gS fd ,d eEeh gh rks mldh Fkh ijUrq yxrk gS og Hkh bldh ugha jghA vfHk&tksr] 'kd÷u dks ek¡ ds :Ik esa Lohdkj dj ysrs gaS] ijUrq caVh MkW0 tks'kh dks ikik ds :Ik esa Lohdkj ugh dj ikrkA caVh dk MkW0 tks'kh dks ikik ds :Ik esa Lohdkj uk dj ldus dh ;U=k.kk rks Bhd gS ij ikik ds lUnHkZ esa eEeh ds mrkj&p<+ko djuk --- cgqr rdZ laxr ;k LoHkkfod ugha izfrr gksrk gSA MkWDVj tks'kh ls tqM+us ds i'pkr caVh ds O;fDrRo ds dbZ igyq mHkj
X¥{îQnmV dj vkrs gSA mlds lkspus dk n`f"Vdks.k cny tkrk gSA og Lo;a dks misf{kr eglwl djrk gSA ^cl nks cPpksa* dk cksMZ mls ckj&ckj vkdf"kZr djrk gSA blls mlesa vkØks'k rFkk ghu Hkkouk mRiUu gksus yxrh gSA ,d fnu eEeh dks MkWDVj tks'kh ds lkFk fuoZluk ns[kdj mÙksftr gks tkrk gS rFkk eEeh dks bl :Ik esa ns[kdj vlkekU; Hkh gks tkrk gSA mldh ;kSu xzfUFk;k¡ mÙksftr gks tkrh gSA blls mlesa vijk/ Hkkouk Hkh tkxzr gksrh gSA caVh dk O;ogkj eEeh ds izfr fcYd÷y cny tkrk gSA mls eEeh dks nq%[k igq¡pkus esa lq[k dh vuqHkwfr gksrh gS vkSj MkWDVj tks'kh ds 'kCnksa esa ;gha ls og ^FkksM+k izkCye pkbYM* cu tkrk gSA caVh vius ikik (vt;) dks ugha Hkqyk ikrk gS rFkk ,dkUr esa mUgs i=k Hkh fy[krk gSA i=kksa dks i<+dj rFkk caVh dh euksfLFkfr le>rs gq, 'kd÷u mls mlds ikik ds lkFk dydrk Hkstus dks jkth gks tkrh gSA 'kd÷u viuh ubZ x`gLFkh dks fc[ksjuk ugha pkgrh mls ;k ^gfFk;kj* gksuk gS ;k ^lsrq* fdUgha nks ds lEcU/ksa ds chp vkSj tc og oSlk u gksdj ^njkj* ;k ^ck/k* gksus yxrk gS rks mls lc dkVdj Qsad nsrs gSa vkSj lc fQj tSls dk rSlk gks tkrk gSA vt; caVh dks dydrk ys tkrk gS] caVh ogk¡ Hkh vius dks vdsyk eglwl djrk gSA og eEeh ds :Ik esa ehjk dks ugha viuk ikrkA mlds ikl firk dk irk pkSjaxh jksM dk gS tcfd og ,yfxu jksM le>s gq, FkkA ;g fLFkfr firk ds Lusg vkSj vkReh;rk ds lEcU/ esa mldh dYiukvksa vkSj /kj.kkvksa ds feF;k gks tkus dks izrhdkf;r djrh gSA ikik ds ikl vkdj caVh dks eEeh dh cgqr ;kn vkrh gS ij og d÷N ugh dg ikrkA mlds ikik bls gkWLVy Hkstus dh O;oLFkk dj jgs gaSA eEeh ls rks og igys dh dV pqdk gksrk gS vkSj ;gk¡ vkdj ikik ls Hkh dV tk;sxkA og vdsyk gh jg tk;sxkA ;g vk/qfud thou dh tfVyrk dk 'kki gS ftls ge igpkurs rks gSa ijUrq ftldk leqfpr gy ;k funku gekjs ikl ugha gSA fu%lansg
Zdå~a - 2017
miU;kl esa mBk;h xbZ leL;k VwVrs oSokfgd lEcU/ksa esa laosnu'khy cPps dh n;uh; fLFkfr ,d fof'k"V leL;k gS ftls fgUnh esa 'kk;n igyh ckj mBk;k x;k gSA ;fn izdj.kksa ds nqgjko vkSj foLrkj ls cpdj ysf[kdk us d÷N pqus gq, izlaxksa ds chp vius ik=kksa dh eu% fLFkfr;ksa dk vadu fd;k gksrk rks mldh 'kfDr dk iwjk ykHk miU;kl dks feyk gksrkA rc ;g miU;kl u cudj yEch dgkuh cu xbZ gksrh vkSj og dgkuh viuh lexzrk vkSj dlko esa vf/d izHkko'kkyh gksrhA ijUrq Hkkjrh; lekt dh cnyh fLFkfr;ksa ds chp bl u, iz'u dks ckn esa dksey efr ckyd ij iM+rs izHkko dks bl miU;kl esa {kerkiwoZd vfHkO;aftr fd;k x;k gSA miU;kl dks izHkko'kkyh cukus esa mlds f'kYi vkSj Hkk"kk nksuksa dh fof'k"V Hkwfedk gSA caVh dh mez lkr vkB lky ls T;knk ugha gS vkSj mldh utj ls phtksa dks ns[kuk ,d cM+k lh[k nsus okyk ekfeZd vuqHko gSA ^Hkk"kk esa y;kRedrk ds lkFk caVh ds Hkhrjh ijkt; vkSj vkØks'k dks O;Dr djus dh Hkh {kerk gS A* lanHkZ&lwph %
1- xksiky jk;] ^leh{kk*] lEiknd&xksiky jk; 1971] i`"B&3 2- MkWDVj lq'khyk 'kekZ fgUnh miU;kl esa izfrdkRed f'kYi] fljke ifCyds'ku] i`0&391 izdk'ku o"kZ&1982 3- MkW oa'kh/j] MkW0 jktsUæ feJ % eUuw Hk.Mkjh dk Js"B ltZukRed lkfgR;] uVjkt ifCyf'kax gkml] i`0&184- MkW0 lq'khyk 'kekZ&fgUnh miU;kl esa izfrdkRed f'kYi] fl¼jke ifCyds'ku] i`0&391] izdk'ku o"kZ & 1982 5- MkW0 lqjs'k flUgk % ^fgUnh miU;kl* yksdHkkjrh bykgkckn] i`0&326- 'kks/FkhZ % ohj d÷¡oj flag fo'ofo|ky;] vkjk lkfdu$iksLV &xk;?kkV] Fkkuk&czãiqj] ftyk&cDlj] eks0&9771356585Email– pkumari977135@gmail.com
18
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k
^phQ dh nkor* dgkuh dk ekt'kkL=h; ewY;kadu MkW0 e`R;qat; dksbZjh
fd
lh lkfgfR;d Ñfr dk lekt'kkL=kh; ewY;kadu djuk ml Ñfr dks lkekftdrk ds lanHkZ esa ns[kuk gSA mlesa fufgr Hkkoksa dks izdV djuk] mldh lkekftd vfLerk dh O;k[;k djuk] ftlesa lkfgR; vkSj lekt ds laca/kksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA lkfgR; dk lekt'kkL=k fdlh Hkh jpuk dks Bhd ls le>us ds fy, vyx ls lkekftd ;FkkFkZ ds xgjs le> dh ekax djrk gSA ledkyhu jpukdkj viuh jpukvksa dk fo"k; lkekftd ljksdkj ds varoZLrq dks cukrk gSA ftls ikBd mu jpukvksa dk v/;;u dj orZeku lekt dh okLrfodrk ls voxr gksrs gSaA MkW0 uxsUæ us lkfgR; ds lekt'kk=kh; vè;;u dh vko';drk ij viuk er O;Dr djrs gq, fy[kk gS&^^drkZ] Ñfr vkSj ikBd ds f=kdks.k :i lkfgR; ds lkekftd ifjos'k dk fo'ys"k.k lekt'kk=kh; vè;;u gSA**1 ledkyhu dFkk lkfgR; ds l'kDr gLrk{kj Hkh"e lkguh dh dgkuh ^phQ dh nkor* ,d ,slh jpukRed izfrfØ;k gS] ftlesa iqjkuh ih<+h ds izfr laosnu'kwU;rk vkSj u;h ih<+h ds fn[kkos dks izLrqr djrh gSA bl dgkuh esa orZeku lekt dh vkfFkZd foiUurk] feF;kMEcj] vUrfoZjks/ vkSj dVqrk dks ifjyf{kr djrh gSA orZeku lekt dh eè;oxhZ; O;fDr dh voljokfnrk] mldh egRRokdka{kk esa ikfjokfjd fj'rs ds fo?kVu dks mtkxj djrk gSA eè;oxZ dk O;fDr vkt mPp oxZ esa 'kkfey gksus ds voljksa dh ryk'k esa gSa] pkgs og Lo;a fuEuoxZ ls eè;oxZ esa igq¡pk gksA vkS|ksxhdj.k ds fodkl ds lkFk
Hkkjr esa eè;oxZ dk rsth ls fodkl gqvkA f'k{kk izkIr dj vPNh ukSdjh ikdj ;k vkthfodk dk vU; lk/u ikdj fuEuoxZ dk O;fDr eè;oxZ esa igq¡p dj mPpoxZ
cuus dh egÙodka{kk esa mPpoxZ dh [kq'kken esa yx tkrs gSaA dgkuh ds uk;d 'kkeukFk n¶rj dh ukSdjh ikdj mPp in ikus dh egÙokdka{kk iwfrZ ds fy, vius
Zdå~a - 2017
19
ISSN2231-3079
'kks/ ys[k n¶rj ds fons'kh phQ dh [kq'kken esa yx tkrk gSA phQ dh nkor dk izca/ vius ?kj esa djrk gSA rHkh 'kkeukFk ds lkeus ek¡ ,d vM+pu cu x;hA ftl ek¡ dh eerk vkSj ifjJe ds dkj.k vkt 'kkeukFk tSls vusd iq=kksa dks lQyrk feyrh gS] mlh iq=k ds ?kj esa ek¡ vkt vM+pu cu x;h gSA bl lanHkZ esa fuEu dFku mn~/`r gSa&^^ek¡ dk D;k gksxk\**2 mu yksxksa ds lkeus ek¡ døM+s dh rjg fNikus dh oLrq cu x;h gSA ftlds fy, 'kkeukFk fpafrr gS] rHkh mldh iRuh ek¡ dks fNikus ds fy, ek¡ dh lgsyh ds ?kj Hkstus dk lq>ko nsrh gSa bl izlax esa fuEu dFku nsf[k,&^^bUgsa fiNokM+s budh lgsyh ds ?kj Hkst nksA jkrHkj cs'kd ogha jgsaA dy vk tk,A**3 cgjky ;fn ek¡ :ih døM+s dks ?kj esa vFkkZr~ mlds dejs esa can dj fn;k tk,A rc Hkh mlds lkeus leL;k cudj [kM+h gksrh gSaA D;ksafd ek¡ lksus ds mijkar uhan esa [kjkZVsa ysus yxrh gSaA blls dgha phQ ukjkt gks x;k rksA ;g Hkh ,d lansg 'kkeukFk dks lrk jgk gSA orZeku lekt ds ;qok oxZ vk/qfudrk ds bl nkSj esa iqjkuh ihf<+;ksa ds izfr budh ekufldrk ,slh cny x;h gS fd mldh 'kkjhfjd leL;k dks Hkh le> ugha ikrs gSaA bl lanHkZ esa izLrqr gS&^^tks og lks xb± vkSj uhan esa [kjkZVsa ysus yxh rks\ lkFk gh rks cjkenk gS] tgk¡ yksx [kkuk [kk,¡xsA**4 tc 'kkeukFk dks yxk fd ?kj esa ek¡ dks fNik;k ugha tk ldrk vkSj mls iM+ksl dh fo/ok ds ?kj Hkstus ls Hkh mldh ukd dV tk,xh] rc mls ;g fpark lrkus yxh fd phQ ds vkus ij ek¡ dgk¡ cSBsxh\ dkSu lk diM+s igusxh vkSj dkSu lk tsoj igusxh\ D;ksafd fons'kh phQ vk/qfud QS'ku ds O;fDr gSaA muds lkeus ek¡ dks dSls izLrqr djsa\ rHkh muds eu esa ,d jkLrk fudy vk;k] ftlesa ek¡a dks døM+s dh rjg ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku le; ds vuq:Ik LFkkaurfjr gksus dk vkns'k nsrk gSA 'kkeukFk ds 'kCnksa esa&^^vkSj ek¡ ge yksx igys cSBd esa cSBsaxsA mruh nsj rqe cjkens esa cSBukA fQj tc ge ogk¡ vk tk,¡] rks rqe xqly[kkus ds jkLrs cSBd esa pyh tkukA**5 'kkeukFk us ,d leL;k dk rks lek/ku
X¥{îQnmV dj fy;kA ijarq nwljh fpark lrk jgh gS fd ek¡ d÷lhZ esa dSls cSBsxh\ dSlh lkM+h igusxh\ og ek¡ dks d÷lhZ ij cSB dj lksus dh euk dj tkrk gS] D;ksafd lksrs le; ek¡ tksj ds [kjkZVs ysrh gSa] ftlls phQ dh nkor esa ck/k mRiUu gks ldrh gSA vk/qfudrk ds bl nkSj esa cw<+h ek¡ dks lksus rd dk NwV ugha gSA dsoy bruk gh ugha 'kkeukFk ;g Hkh funsZ'k nsrk gS fd og lQsn deht vkSj lQsn lYokj igusA vkSj pwfM+;k¡&owfM+;k¡ Hkh gksa rks igu ysukA rHkh ek¡ dgrh gSa&^^pwfM+;k¡ dgk¡ ls ykÅ¡ csVk] rqe rks tkurs gks] lc tsoj rqEgkjh i<+kbZ esa fcd x,A**6 'kkeukFk dks ;g 'kCn rhj ds leku yxkA mudh f[kUurk ls yxrk gS fd ek¡ us tks tsoj cspdj R;kx vkSj okRlY; dk izek.k fn;kA og ,glku 'kkeukFk Lohdkj ugha djrkA ogha viuh ek¡ ds okRlY;rk dk vieku bu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr djrk gS&^^ftruk fn;k Fkk mlls nqxuk ys ysukA**7 vkt ds ;qok oxZ ek¡ dh eerk dks oLrq dk ewY; le> pqdk gSA mldk ewY; pqdkus dh ckr djrs gSaA bl dgkuh esa 'kkeukFk ek¡ ds okRlY; dk vieku djrk gSA ek¡ viuh foiUurk dk ladsr fd;k Fkk] D;ksafd mlds ikl dksbZ tsoj ugha cps FksA ij viuh le`fð ds izn'kZu ds u'ks esa eLr 'kkeukFk ek¡ dh foiUurk ds mYys[k ek=k ls fryfeyk x;kA 'kkeukFk ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr ds eè;oxhZ; ikfjokfjd thou ewY;ksa ds fo?kVu vkSj ifjokj esa cw<+ksa dh nqnZ'kk dk fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA 'kkeukFk phQ dh [kq'kken esa bruk lfØ; gS fd mls [kq'k djus ds iz;Ru esa og viuh ek¡ dk mi;ksx djuk vko';d ekurk gSA phQ dh bPNk tku dj og ek¡ ls xkus dh Qjekb'k djrk gSA csVs ds vkns'k dk ikyu djuk vkSj lc ds migkl ds dsUæ cuus ds fy, foo'k FkhA ek¡ euk djrs&djrs Hkh mls iatkch yksdxhr xkuk iM+kA muds xkus ij g¡lh vkSj rkfy;ksa ds Loj rst gks
Zdå~a - 2017
x,A bl lanHkZ esa nsf[k,&^^cjkenk rkfy;ksa ls xw¡t mBkA lkgc rkfy;k¡ ihVuk can gh u djrs FksA 'kkeukFk dh [kht izlUurk vkSj xoZ esa cny mBh FkhA ek¡ us ikVhZ esa u;k jax Hkj fn;k FkkA**8 cgjky ikVhZ ds nkSjku 'kkeukFk dh egÙokdka{kk ij ikuh fQj pqdk Fkk] D;ksafd inksUufr ds laca/ esa dksbZ ckr ugha gks ikbZ FkhA ek¡ dh otg ls 'kkeukFk dk phQ ds lkFk ,d ikfjokfjd fj'rk dk;e gksrk gSA og fQj ?kj vkus vkSj Q÷ydkjh ys tkus dk oknk djrk gSA bl rjg ek¡ :ih ijiajk ds dkj.k gh 'kkeukFk dks inksUufr dh vk'kk ca/rh gSA xans døM+s dh rjg fNikus dh oLrq cuus okyh ek¡ 'kkeukFk ds fy, inksUufr dk lkFkZd njoktk cudj izfrf"Br gqbZA ijarq vkt dk lekt mlh cw<+h ek¡ vkSj cw<+k firk dks misf{kr ekudj njfdukj dj nsrs gSaA bl dgkuh ds ekè;e ls dgkuhdkj orZeku lekt dh ekufldrk vkSj mudh vk/qfud izn'kZu fiz;rk dks mtkxj djrs gSaA tgk¡ 'kkeukFk dh cw<+h ek¡ mu nksuksa ds fy, dwM+s dh rjg fNikus dh oLrq cu tkrh gSaA tc døM+s vkSj ek¡ esa dksbZ varj ugha jgrk] rc ge dSls Hkkjrh; eè;oxhZ; ifjokjksa dh lEiUurk dh dYiuk dj ldrs gSaA lanHkZ&ladsr 1- fganh dk x|&lkfgR;] MkW0 jkepUæ frokjh] fo'ofo|ky; izdk'ku] i`0la0&118 2- fganh dgkuh fofo/k] ladyu vkSj laiknu] MkW0 foey [kakMsdj] ekufodh fo|kihB] bafnjk xka/h jk"Vªh; eqDr fo'ofo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh] i`0la0&146 3- mifjor~] i`0la0&146 4- mifjor~] i`0la0&146 5- mifjor~]i`0la0&147 6- mifjor~]i`0la0&148 7- mifjor~]i`0la0&149 8- mifjor~]i`0la0&152 laidZ % 'kks/kFkhZ ^;wthlh] usV@tsvkj,Q* fganh foHkkx jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡phA pyHkk"k~& 07870757972 20
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k
>kj[k.M dh izeq[k Hkk"kkvksa esa [ksy xhr fltjsu lqjhu
[k
sy xhr dk vfHkizk; gS xhr ds lkFk y;kRedrk ls [ksy gks bls [ksy xhr dgrs gSaA ;g fdlh [ksy dh 'kq:okr esa ;k fdlh [ksy ds vUr esa ;k chp esa Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj fdlh esa rks iwjs [ksy esa xkrs gq, [ksyrs gSaA fdlh esa dsoy [ksy xhr gh gksrs gSa ;g ikjaifjd [ksy dk Lo:i gSA ;s [ksyxhr vf/drj rqdcUnh esa gksrs gSaA ;g [ksy dh ifjfLFkfr dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA [ksy xhr yksd xhr dh ,d fo/k gSA >kj[k.M esa izeq[k :i ls ik¡p tutkrh; Hkk"kk,¡ eq.Mkjh] laFkkyh] gks] [kfM+;k] d÷M+q[k ,oa pkj {ks=kh; Hkk"kk,¡] ukxiqjh] iapijxfu;k] [kksjBk ,oa d÷jekyh gSaA oÙkZeku esa ;s ukS Hkk"kk,¡ LukrdksÙkj&tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkx jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky; jk¡ph esa i<+k;h tkrh gSaA [ksy xhr ;g nks Lora=k vFkZ okys nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS%& [ksy$xhr vFkkZr~ ftls ge [ksyrs gq, xhr xkuk dg ldrs gSaA bldh ifjHkk"kk Hkh nksuksa Lora=k 'kCnksa dh ifjHkk"kk dks feydj nh tk ldrh gSA
[ksy dh ifjHkk"kk %&
Fkkelu ds vuqlkj %& ß[ksy lqfuf'pr ewy izfØ;kvksa ds ckgj ykus dh izo`fÙk gS "Play is the impulse to carry out certain instinctive action"1
xhr dh ifjHkk"kk %&
vkj0ch0fofy;e ds vuqlkj %& ßyksd xhr u rks u;k gksrk gS u iqjkuk ;g rks taxy ds o`{k ds leku gksrk gS ftldh tM+s Hkwrdky dh /jrh esa dkQh xgjh /alh gksrh gSA ijUrq ftlesa izfr{k.k uohu Mkfy;k¡ iYyo vkSj Qy yxrs gSaA2
A folk songs is nighter new or old. It is like a forest tree with its roots deeply burried in the part but which countinusly puts forth new branches new leaves, new fruits2
blls Li"V :i ls dg ldrs gSa] fd [ksy xhr ;k [ksy&ekuo ds lqfuf'pr ewy] izfØ;kvksa dk cká :i gS] ,oa ftlls lq[kn vkSj vkRerks"k
dh izsj.kk feyrh gksrk gSA xhr dh ijaijk Hkwrdky esa 'kq: gqbZ gS tks le;&le; ij LFkku fo'ks"k ij u;k gksrs tkrk gSA bl izdkj ls ,d lhek ds ckn nwljh lhek esa ogh [ksy ,oa xhr dk Lo:i FkksM+k cny tkrk gSA dqN foyqIr gks tkrs gSa rks dqN u;s mHkj dj lkeus vkrs gSa vkSj izflð gks tkrs gSaA oSls ,sfrgkfld n`f"Vdks.k ls Hkh ns[kk tk, rks eq.Mkjh lkfgR; esa lkslks cksaxk esa Hkh ^[kljk dksM+k* (Hkxoku dk cnyk gqvk :i dgk x;k gS) eqxhZ ds v.Ms ls vlqj cPpksa ds yksgs ds xksyh dks (vkVk [ksyuk) xksyh ekjdj rksM+ nsus dh ckr dgh x;h gSA fofHkUu ,sfrgkfld lH;rk esa Hkh rk'k ds iÙkksa dk [ksy] ?kqM+nkSM+] jlk&d'kh] eqxkZ] HksM+k] lkaM+ vkfn dh yM+kbZ] ryokj ckth] d÷'rh vkfn [ksy dh ppkZ gSA urZdksa dh izkphu eqfrZ;k¡ u`R; dks bafxr djrh gSa tks fdlh /qu esa u`R; djrs jgs gksaxsA [ksy xhr dh vo/kj.kk %& [ksy ds eeZLi'kZ ls dksbZ Hkh ekuo vNwrk ugha gSA [ksy ,oa thou lkFk&lkFk pyrk gSA Hkys ;g fdlh Hkh :i esa gks] ftlesa [ksy ,oa [ksyxhr dk vge~ LFkku gSA [ksy ,oa [ksyxhr ds Hkko cPpksa&cM+ksa ds jkse&jkse esa vkuUn Hkj nsrk gSA dgk tkrk gS fd xhr dh /qu ;k xquxqukgV dks cPps ek¡ ds xHkZ esa Hkh lqudj [kq'k gksrs gSaA [ksy xhr dh vo/kj.kk dks ge fuEu fcUnqvksa }kjk le> ldrs gSaA 1- [ksy ,oa [ksyxhr ekuo ds vkfRed jkx&jkfxuh dh e/qj vkokt] 'kkjhfjd&ekufld fØ;k&dyki dk cká :i gSA cPpksa ;k cM+ksa ds eu bls lqudj ,oa ns[kdj vkRe dsfUær ,oa mRlkfgr gksrs gSaA ;g [ksy] e/qj xhr dk :i ysrk gSA bls lqudj [ksydj] xkdj] fo'ks"k :i ls cPps [ksy dh vksj LokHkkfod :i ls vkdf"kZr gksrs gaSA 2- [ksy ,oa [ksyxhr ds }kjk fdlh lkaLÑfrd fØ;k&dyki dks ukV~; :i } kjk vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA tSls&'kknh fookg ds xhr xkdj 'kknh fookg dk [ksy] dHkh cktkj&gkV esa [kjhn&fcØh dk [ksy] /ku jksius ds le; jksiuh xhr xk&xk dj cPps [ksyrs gSa & xhr & jksik jksis xsys js fMaMk
/kaxksM+h xqaxq rksjk /kaxksM+h fgysyk&Mksysyk* ukxiqjh@lknjh Hkk"kk dk [ksy xhrA fgUnh vFkZ & /ku ds ikS/ksa dks jksius xbZ èkkaxksM+h (lqUnj ;qorh) xqaxq& (iÙkksa dk cjlkrh) tksjksa dh ckfjl ,oa gok ls ikuh esa Åij uhps fgy&Mksy jgk gSA cPps ckyw dh D;kjh cukrs gSa vkSj ?kkl dks /ku tSls jksirs gq, xkrs gSaA 3- cPps l`u'khy gksrs gSaA fdlh pht ;k ifjfLFkfr dks ns[krs gh mls viuh Hkk"kk esa ,oa 'kCnksa esa cka/us yxrs gSaA tSls& cktkj ys tkrs gq, ?kksM+s dh ihB ds Åij cksjksa esa lkeku ynk gqvk ns[krs gSa rks ns[krs gh cPps dh xhr xk mBrs gSa& ß[kiV [kiV ?kksM+k iwaN cVs Mksjk] ihB mijs cksjk [kk, yscs iksjkÞ 4 ukxiqjh@lknjh Hkk"kk dk [ksy xhr fgUnh vFkZ& [kiV&[kiV dh vkokt esa pyus okyk ?kksM+k] iw¡N rjQ ls jLlh ca/h gS rqEgkjs ihB esa cksjksa esa lkeku gSA tc Hkh Hkw[k yxs rks iqoky (iksjk)A 4- [ksy ,oa [ksyxhr }kjk lh[kus dh fØ;k vkdf"kZr djrh gSA mlesa jkse&jkse dks Nwus okys fØ;k&dyki esa dF; ,oa rF; lfEefyr gksrs gSaA blls cPps vklkuh ls lh[krs gSaA fgUnh [ksy xhr & ^fpfM+;k fpfM+;k mM+rh tk ik¡p NksVh fpfM+;k [kkrh Fkh vukt] nks mM+dj pyh x;h] ckdh cps rhu* 5 &([ksy xhr) 5- [ksy ,oa [ksy xhr & xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa xzkeh.k ifjos'k ,oa 'kgj esa 'kgjh ifjos'k dh laLÑfr dks vfHkO;Dr djrs gSaA 6- [ksy xhr lkewfgdrk dks c<+kok nsrs gSa tgk¡ [ksy ,oa xhr gksrk gSA ogk¡ u pkgrs gq, Hkh cPps [ksy ds n`'; ,oa mldh Jqfr ds vkd"kZ.k ds dkj.k [khaps pys vkrs gSaA 7- orZeku esa f'k{kk dk vk/kj [ksy ,oa [ksyxhr gSA 8- [ksy ,oa [ksy xhr ?kj] Hkk"kk&laLd`fr esa Lor% ifjfLFkfr tU; :i ls izLQ÷fVr xhr ,oa [ksy gSaA
Zdå~a - 2017
21
ISSN2231-3079
'kks/ ys[k [ksy ,oa [ksy xhr dk egRo%& [ksy ,oa [ksy xhr lkekU; 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld fØ;k,¡ gSA blds nwjxkeh ifj.kke gksrs gSaA fo'ks"kK dgrs gSa fd bu xfrfof/;ksa ls QhyxqM vkSj Qhy gSIih gkeksZu dk L=kko gksrk gSA ;g 'kjhj dks ekufld :i ls izlUu j[krk gSA ;g ;kstuk dk;kZUo;u] le; izca/u] VheodZ] Vhe dk lapkyu] Vhe esa lcls vkxs fudyuk tSls vge~ usr`Ro {kerk dks fodflr djrk gSA vkxs c<+us dk volj vuk;kl gh [ksyxhr ,oa [ksy ds eSnku esa fey tkrk gSA cPpksa dk lkekftd] uSfrd] ckSfðd] 'kkjhfjd vkSj HkkoukRed :i ls etcwr vkSj ifjiDo cukus esa bldk dksbZ rqyuk ugha gSA >kj[k.M ds izeq[k tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk ds vUrxZr [ksy ,oa [ksyxhr ds mnkgj.k bl izdkj gS %& eq.Mkjh Hkk"kk ds [ksyxhr %& vykse rq;q tksfev fevn~ xsv, lafMfle* [ksy yksd&xhr fgUnh & gs ykyph ykseM+h] esjh ,d gh lksuk tSlk eqxkZ gS] mls er [kkvksA uksV %& blesa ,d f[kykM+h eqxkZ curk gS nwljs gkFk idM+ dj ?ksjk cukrs gS vkSj xkrs gSaA mlds chp esa eqxkZ cuk gksrk gSA ?ksjs ds ckgj ,d Nwus okyk f[kykM+h gksrk gSA Nwus okyk f[kykM+h ls ?ksjk Mky dj cpkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA ukxiqjh Hkk"kk esa [ksy ,oa [ksyxhr ^ckjh Hkhrj es;kÅ¡ es;kÅ¡ fcykjh daknSaA* VsVaxk ekanj ctk, xksbZ ewlk >wejh [ksySa)*7 fgUnh vFkZ %& ckx ds vUnj fcYyh es;kÅ¡ es;kÅ¡ djrh gS VsVaxk (cM+k fxjfxV) ekanj ctkrk gS gs xksbZ cM+k pwgk >qej [ksyrk gSA [kksjBk Hkk"kk ds [ksyxhr ^jksn~ ikuh] jksn~] ikuh] fl;kj ds fogkA ,d pqVdh vu uka] dSls nscbZ fcgkA*8 fgUnh vFkZ %& /wi ikuh /wi ikuh fl;kj dk fookg gks jgk gSA gekjs ikl rks ,d pqVdh vUu dk nkuk ugha gS dSls dsjaxs fookgA yksx vkt Hkh /wi ikuh lkFk&lkFk gksus ls cUnj dh 'kknh ekurs gSa ,slk ckfjl gksrs gq, tc bUæ/uq"k fn[krk gS ikuh /wi gksrk gS rc cPps xkus yxrs gSaA
d÷M+q[k Hkk"kk ds [ksy ,oa [ksyxhr
^dkSM+h dks ju Hku] dkSM+h [ksys fotkschjh pqis pqis utbj pyh] cyh ia[k yxsA*9 fgUnh vFkZ %& fc[kjk fc[kjk dkSM+h (iSlk) gSA dkSM+h [ksysaxs fotkou esa (ou dk uke) pqipki utj pyk& ia[k yxkdj mM+ jgk gw¡A
X¥{îQnmV iapijxfu;k Hkk"kk ds [ksy xhr ^lu[kfM+ jViV] ck?ks /kfj >ViV*10 fgUnh vFkZ%& iVlu dk ikS/k jViV vkokt nsrk gSA oSls gh ck?k >ViV tYnh ls idM+k tkrk gSA d÷jekyh Hkk"kk ds [ksyxhr ^jmn nsfga js VsVsxkuk] usnh /kbjs dfjvk d÷d÷j dkfV ekxk, nsc] okeyk Mgj ns[kk, nscA*11 fgUnh vFkZ%& /wi ns nsuk VsVsxkuk (ckfjl ds ekSle esa mM+us okyh frryh) unh fdukjs dkyk d÷Ùkk dkV dj yk nw¡xk vkSj caxys dk jkLrs fn[kk nw¡xkA [kfM+;k Hkk"kk ds [ksy xhr ^gksok gksok vksys vth&vksys vth xq.Mk p[kuv llqjbj Mscuk´ nsjh gksbukA*12
yksd [ksy xhr
fgUnh vFkZ& lEcks/u (gksok&gksok) ykb;s HkkHkh xq.Mk p[kuk (lw[ks gq, [kkus okyk lkx dk pwjk) llqjky tk,¡xs rks nsj gks tk,¡xhA
gks Hkk"kk ds [ksy xhr
^tqnv%] tqnv% ejfp cdkbZ odkbZ rs nsyk flarq³] nsyk flrq³ cM+s yksedks;rs*13 fgUnh vFkZ%& tkvks ikuh tkvks ikuh fepZ ds ckx esa] cSxu ds ckx esa] vkvks /wi vkvks èkwi] cjxn isM+ dh Nk¡o esaA
laFkkyh Hkk"kk ds [ksy xhr
^nkdk ys tkstkse dku~] mrqa ys tkstkse dku ukyks isM+kis fgtqd vk] MkMw rsys nky nkjke is dkaM~Nw rsys nky nkjke is*13 fgUnh vFkZ%& Hkkr rjdkjh geyksx [kk jgs gSaA esgeku vkvks ughaA MkMw (ydM+h dk dyNwy) ls ge ihVsaxsA djNwy ls ge ekj ds ykSVk,¡xsA ewY;kdu %& [ksy xhr ,oa [ksy ls cPpksa dks vikj [kqf'k;ksa dk vuqHko gksrk gSA os [ksy&[ksy esa bZ";kZ] }s"k] Ny&diV dks Hkwydj esy feyki] ds lw=k esa ca/ tkrs gSaA blesa Hkh ,d fof'k"V laLdkj Nqik gSA [ksy esa gkjuk Hkh lgu djrs gSA thrus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSA vkilh >xM+k] ekj&ihV] ls Åij mBrs gSaA >kj[k.M dh izeq[k tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa ds vè;;u ls iÙkk pyrk gS fd vyx vyx Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh ds ckotwn [ksy ,oa [ksy xhr feyrs tqyrs izrhr gksrs gSaA [ksy ,oa [ksy xhr Hkw[k] I;kl] vkx] ck<+ vkSj vfro`f"V tkfrxr Hkkoksa ls nwj gksrs gSA ns'k] jkT; ,oa lekt esa ,drk dh Hkkouk dk fodkl izR;{k :i ls [ksy ,oa [ksy xhr }kjk gksrk gSA [ksy gh fofHkUu vapyksa ds Hkk"kk;h
Zdå~a - 2017
:i dks ,d djus dh vuks[kk –a[kyk gSA lanHkZ xzaFk
1- MkW0 vfuy 'kekZ] larks"k d÷ekj] [ksy izca/ ku] izdk'ku&vtqZu ifCyf'kax gkÅl] ubZ fnYyhA izFke laLdj.k&2014] i`"B la[;k&2 fo"k; [ksy dh ifjHkk"kkA
2-MkW0 jru gsEcze] larkyh yksdxhrkas esa lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr] >kj[k.M >jks[kk] jk¡ph] f}rh; laLdj.k&2016 i`"B la[;k&44] igyk vè;k;A 3- [ksy yksd xhr] eksfudk bZ;kxqVw dkeMkjkA 4- [ksy yksd xhr] vftr rksiuks bpkxqVq] dkeMkjkA 5- [ksy yksd xhr] laxhrk] fleMsxkA 6- [ksy yksd xhr] vljhrk VwVh] [kw¡VhA 7- funsZ'kd MkW0 izdk'k pUæ mjk¡o] ukxiqjh yksd lkfgR; xksNkA iz/ku laiknd & MkW0 d÷ekjh clarh vè;k;&3 cky [ksy xhr i`"B la[;k& 127A 8- MkW0 izdk'k pUæ mjk¡o] [kksjBk yksd lkfgR;] iz/ku laiknd] ,0ds0 >k] izdk'kd tutkrh; dY;k.k 'kks/ laLFkku (dY;k.k foHkkx) >kj[k.M ljdkj] izFke laLdj.k&2012 [k.M&2 [ksyxhr] i`"B la[;k&207A 9- laiknd gfj mjk¡o&if=kdk&ljuk Qøy] izdk'kd ljuk uo;qod la?k jk¡ph] vad&37] jft0ua0 186@92] fo"k;&xk¡o dk [ksy] rsr: mjk¡o] i`"B la[;k&19A 10- funs'kd MkW0 izdk'k pUæ mjk¡o] iapijxfu;k] yksd lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr izèkku laiknd& Jh ijekuUn egrks] izdk'kd tutkrh; dY;k.k 'kks/ laLFkku] eksjgkcknh] jk¡ph >kj[k.M] [k.M&2] i`"B la[;k&229A 11- funs'kd izdk'k pUæ mjk¡o] d÷jekyh yksd lkfgR;] iz/ku laiknd& MkW0 ,p ,u flag] tutkrh; dY;k.k 'kks/ laLFkku jk¡ph 2010] [k.M&5] [ksy@ckyxhr i`"B la[;k&111A 12- [ksy yksd xhr &jkfgy lqjhu] d÷:e cfl;kA 13- [ksy yksd xhr&MkW0 iznhi d÷ekj cksnjk] lar tsfo;j dkWyst] jk¡phA 'kks/kFkhZ tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkx jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡phA eks0&9931090277
22
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k
Ukkxiqjh xhrks ds jkxksa esa vyadkjksa dh iz/kkurk gS\ jket; ukbZd
j
kx dk ifjp; bl izdkj ls fn;k tk ldrk gS fd jkx] xhr dk ,d cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ vax gS tks xhr dh lqUnjrk dks c<krk gSA ftl rjg ls vkHkw"k.k vkSj xguksa ls L=kh dh lqUnjrk c<+rh gS mlh izdkj xhr dh lqUnjrk dks c<+kus ds fy, jkx dk iz;kssx fd;k tkrk gSA dksb Hkh xhr gks &ftlesa ukxiqjh] eq.Mkjh] dokyh ;k dksbZ vU; fgUnh] Hkkstiqjh dk mlesa gesa jkxksa dh ijaijk ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bl izdkj ls dgk tk ldrk gS fd jkx] xhr dh vkRek gSA ftl rjg dkO; esa vyadkj ugha jgus ls og dkO; ,d dksjs dkxt dh HkkWfr fn[kkbZ nsrs gaS mlh izdkj xhr esa Hkh jkx ugha jgus ls og xhr ,d lk/kj.k ys[k gks tkrs gaSA vr% xhr esa jkx dk gksuk cgqr gh vko';d le>k tkrk gSA ;g ukxiqjh Hkk"kh {ks=k esa fofHkUu ioZ& R;ksgkj laca/h] fjrq laca/h] laLdkj laca/h Ñf"k laca/h vU; :iksa esa ik;h tkrh gSA bls yksx vkius nSfud thou esa lfn;ksa ih<+h&nj&ih<+h ls vius lekt ds laLÑfr ,oa laLdkjksa ds lkFk tksM+rs vk jgs gSaA ;g jkx fuEu gSa & Medp] Medp >qeVk] yqvkjh vkSj HkknksokjhA 1 Medp jkx & Medp jkx ds ckjs esa dgk tk; rks ;g ,d jkx Hkh gS vkSj xhr HkhA bls yksx vius nSfud thou esa nks rjg ls Ikz;ksx djrs gSaA fdUgh dh 'kknh ds 'kqHk volj ij vkaxu esa Medp jkx xk;s tkrs gaSA ;g jkx esa ,dgjh &nksgjh nksuksa dh ijaijk ns[kus dks feyrs gSa] ysfdu v/jfr;k esa ,dgfj;k vkSj nksgjh Medp dk Lo:Ik cny tkrk gS ,oa fHkulfj;k esa >qeVk Medp ukprs&xkrs o ctkrs gSaA jkf=k ds vfrfjDr fnu esa Hkh bls xk;k tkrk gSA xhr xk;dksa dh la[;k dh dksbZ lhek ugha gSA pwafd ;g lkewfgd u`R; xhr gS vr% vkaxu ds vkdkj ij fuHkZj djrk gS fQj Hkh blesa 12&15 ls vf/d yksx gksrs gSaA vf/d gksus ij nks ny ds LFkku ij dbZ drkjsa gks tkrh gSaA Medp jkx ds xhr ds laxr nsus okys ok| ;a=k gSa ftudh vokt lqurs gh yksx vius esa eueksfgr gks tkrs gSa vkSj
etcwj gksdj ukp mBrs gSa os ;a=k gSa & <ksy] uxkM+k] <kd] 'kgukbZ] >ka>] djrky] ckalqjh] ekUnj] ?kqa?k:] eqjyh] lkjaxh] dsUnjk] Vqfgyk vkfnA1 ,d nksgjh Medp ds xhr ns[kh tk ldrh gS & ßdkpk dk;k dkpk dk;k] ekVh ds Nk;k js dkpk dkpk dpk lkyks] u[ks fclqoklAÞ2 bl xhr esa v{kj ,oa o.kks± dk ckj&ckj vo`fr gqbZ gS] vFkkZr dgk tkrk gS ftl iafDr esa o.kZ ;k v{kj dk nks ls vf/d ckj vk;s mls o`R;kuqizkl vyadkj dgk tkrk gSA tSls & paUnu us pesyh dks pEep ls pkWdysV pVVkbZA bl iafDr esa ^p* v{kjksa dk ckj&ckj vko`fr gqbZ gS mlh izdkj ukxiqjh xhrksa ds iafDr esa Hkh ns[kk tk; rks dkpk dk;k&dkpk dk;k] ,d ckj ugha vusd ckj vk;k gSA vFkkZr ukxiqjh xhrksa esa Hkh vyadkjks dh gqbZ iqf"V ns[kh tkrh gSA izLrqr xhr esa dgk x;k gS fd ;g ekuo 'kjhj tks ,d feêh ds leku gS ftldks dksb Hkh ugha tkurk gS fd dc] D;ksa] dSls fi?ky tk,A 2- Medp >qeVk jkx & ;g jkx uke ls irk pyrk gS fd ;g >qeus okyk jkx gSA ,sls rks dgk tk ldrk gS fd izR;sd xhrksa esa yksx >qek djrs gSa ysfdu bl jkx esa xkus dh dyk d÷N vkSj ns[kh tkrh gSA ß>qeVk Medp jkx jkf=k ds rhljs izgj ls Hkksj rd pyrk gSA ;g jkx u`R; ds mrkj dk Hkko izdV djrk gSA yksx eè; jkf=k ds mÙkstd u`R; xk;u ls Fkd dj pwj gks tkrs gSaA vr% Fkdku mrkjus ds fy, >qeVk xkrs gSaA bldh èofu&xfr ean gks tkrh gSA bls >qeVk vFkkZr yksx ,d txg tek gksdj >qeVk gksdj rkyh ctkdj dj vkSj cSB dj xkrs gSaA vUr esa ukpuk cUn dj nsrs gSaA blfy, bls FkiM+h vFkkZr rkyh jkx Hkh dgk tkrk gSAÞ3 bl jkx ds ,d xhr ns[k ldrs gSa & ßvkEck eatjs e/q ekry;¡ js] rblus fi;k ekry;¡ tk;AÞ4
izLrqr xhr ds ifDr esa 'kCnksa dk dbZ ckj vko`fr gqbZ gS ij mldk vFkZ ,d gS] ysfdu okD;ksa ds vFkZ xny x;s gSaA bls lkfcr gksrk gS fd ;g yVkuqizkl vyadkj gSA tgk¡ ,d 'kCn dbZ ckj vk;s ij mldk vFkZ ,d gh gks ij okD; dk vFkZ cny tk;] yVkuqizkl vyadkj dgykrk gSA bl xhr ds iafDr esa Hkh ^ekry;¡* 'kCn nks ckj vk;k gS ij mlds okD;ksa dk vFkZ cny x;s gSaA ftldk igyk vFkZ gS & e/q] tks vke ds eatj ds jl esa fyu gSa] rks nqljk vFkZ ifr vius iRuh ds izse esa fyu gSA bl rjg ls vkt ns[kk tk; rks bl egku Hkkjr ns'k esa fofHkUu izdkj ds tkfr] /eZ vuq;k;h ds yksx fuokl djrs gSaA mu lHkh ds vyx&vyx Hkk"kk] jgu & lgu] [kku&iku] u`R; laxhr vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd xhr Hkh vyx gSA ysfdu mu xhrksa esa Hkh gesa jkxksa dh izèkkurk ns[kus dks feyrh gSA ,d fgUnh esa xhr ns[k ldrs gSa & rq>s ns[kk rks ;s tkuk lue I;kj gksrk gS fnokuk lue bl xhr ds iafDr dk vfUre o.kZ leku gS] ;kfu fd blesa vUR;kuqizkl vyadkj gSA vFkkZr ftl iafDr ds vUr dk o.kZ ,d leku gks] og vUR;kuqizkl vyadkj dgykrk gSA Bhd mlh izdkj ukxiqjh xhr esa Hkh ns[k ldrs gSa & ,d xhr Hkknksojh esa] ysfdu lcls igys ifjp;& 3- Hkknksokjh jkx & ;g jkx eq[; :Ik ls Hkknks flrEcj ds efguksa esa xk;h tkrh gSA ml le; dk okrkoj.k] izÑfr ds tho&tUrq] isM+& ikS/kas viuh gfj;kyh vkSj /jrh dh vaxM+kbZ tks fn[kus esa cM+h gh eueksgd gksrh gSA bls izÑfr ds lkSan;Z vkSj Hkh vf/d c<+ tkrh gSA ftls ns[k L=kh&iq#"k] cky&cPps lHkh dk;Z dks djrs gq, jkx dk vfHkjHkko djrs gSa] ftls mudk dk;ks± esa dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha vkrhA cM+h vklkuh ls dk;Z Hkh iwjs gks tkrs gSaA ßlkou vkSj Hkknks fdlkuksa ds fy, lcls vf/d O;Lrrk dk ekg gksrk gSA izk;% bUgh eghuksa esa [ksrh dk dke tksj&'kksj ls gksrk gSA jksiuh dk dke iwjh xfr ij gksrk gSA ukxiqjh
Zdå~a - 2017
23
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks?k ys[k@ dgkuh Hkk"kh {ks=k dh fL=k;k¡ lkewfgd :Ik ls [ksrksa esa jksiuh dk dke djrh gS vkSj bl volj ij [ksrksa esa fL=k;ksa }kjk xk;s tkus okys xhrksa dh cgkj gksrh gSA bu xhrksa esa ikol xhr rks gksrk gh gS] jksiuh ds Hkh xhr xk;s tkrs gSa& , lktbu lktbu] , lktbu&lktbu&lktbu , lktbu /qp:&/qp: chM+k] /M+ds cnjh xksb lktbuA5 izLrqr xhr dh iafDr esa Hkh vfUre o.kZ ,d leku gS] ;kfu blesa Hkh vUR;kuqizkl vyadkj ekStwn gSA vFkkZr bl xhr dk vFkZ ;g gS fd ,d L=kh tks vius [ksrksa esa /ku jksikbZ djrs le; vius ifr ls vuqjks/ dj jgh gS fd cknyksa dh xM+xM+kgV vf/d gks jgh gS] dke dks tYn lekIr fd;k tk;A 4- yqvkjh jkx (izrdkyh) & ßbl jkx ds xhr esa yqkdrs gq, FkksM+k mNyrs gq, ukprs gSaA vr% xhr ds jkx esa Hkh ruhd mNky dk lk Hkko Li"V izfrèofur gksrk gSA yqkdkus okys Loj ds dkj.k bls yqvkjh jkx dgk x;k gSA xhr& vkb÷k dkrks Hksyh fi;k] vkb÷k dkrks Hksyh] xjSls fxjfxV cuh nsyh fi;k] vkb÷k dkrks HksyhAA6 izLrqr xhr ds vUr esa Hkh o.kZ ,d lekurk fn[kkbZ ns jgh gS] vFkkZr blesa Hkh vUR;kuqizkl vyadkj ekStwn gSA bl rjg ukxiqjh xhrksa esa ,sls fdrus vyadkj gSa tks fdlh&u&fdlh :Ik esa gesa vo'; fn[kkbZ iM+rs gaSA ftlesa izkÑfrd lkSan;Z] –axkj] vkfnA lanHkZ xzaFk %& 1- Ukk;d euiqju] ukxiqjh yksdxhr vkSj ekanj ds rky] i`0 la[;k&13] 14 lsA 2- dsljh MkW0 fols'oj izlkn] ukxiqjh yksdxhr (o`gn laxzg)] ukxiqjh laLFkku fiBksfj;k] jk¡ph& 6] i`"V la[;k& 18]lsA 3- Ukk;d euiqju] ukxiqjh yksdxhr vkSj ekanj ds rky] i`0 la[;k& 15 lsA 4- dsljh MkW0 fols'oj izlkn] ukxiqjh yksdxhr (o`gn laxzg)] ukxiqjh laLFkku fiBksfj;k] jk¡ph& 6] i`"V la[;k& 41lsA 5- vuqt MkW0 Hkqus'oj] ukxiqjh yksd lkfgR;] i`0 la0 & 143 lsA 6- Ukk;d euiqju] ukxiqjh yksdxhr vkSj ekanj ds rky] i`0 la[;k&17] 105 lsA Okjh; 'kks/kFkhZ tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkx jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky; jk¡ph (>kj[k.M) eks0 7070820813] 9693923944 bZ&esy& ramjaynaik@gmail.com
Mcy Qhl
g
lq'khyk JhokLro
tkjksa cYcksa dh yfM+;ksa vkSj V~;wc ykbV ls MkW0 paæ dh dksBh txexk jgh FkhA iksfVZdks esa cSaM dHkh ct mBrk Fkk rks dHkh can gks tkrk FkkA vk'p;Z dh ckr ;g Fkh dh paæ lkgc vius fookg ds miy{; esa ,d cgqr gh 'kkunkj Hkkst ns jgs FksA dy rd bl dksBh esa lUukVk Nk;k gqvk FkkA vkSj ,d fnu igys jkr rd MkWDVj lkgc dks lHkh vius ejhtksa ds chp f?kjs gq, vius fDyfud ij ns[kk FkkA muds lkfFk;ksa vkSj 'kgj ds lHkh MkWDVjksa dks muds fookg ds gks tkus dk fo'okl rHkh vk;k tc og yksx viuh dkjksa ls mrj dj Qøy iÙkksa ls lts gq, QkVd esa ços'k dj x;sA m/j ykWu esa mudh cw<h ek¡ ds mYykl dk vkt dksbZ fBdkuk gh ugha FkkA nkSM+&nkSM+ dj cSjksa vkSj [kkulkeksa us estksa ij IysVsa pqu dj j[kh FkhA c`gr ykWu esa 'kgj ds lHkh çfrf"Br yksxksa dk tekoM+k FkkA efgykvksa ds QS'ku dh NBk n'kZuh; FkhaA gjs gjs ykWu esa ukbykWu fV';w vkSj tjh ds dke dh lkfM+;ksa esa og jax fcjaxh frrfy;ksa dh rjg b/j m/j mM+h&mM+h lh yksxksa ds chp esa fQj jgh FkhaA muds tksM+ksa ds xtjksa vkSj diM+ksa ls lsaV dh Hkhuh egd us ogk¡ ds okrkoj.k esa ,d vthc eLrh fc[ksj nh FkhA iksfVZdks vkSj y‚u ds chp dh [kkyh txg [kkij [kM+s gq, MkWDVj paæk viuh ubZ uosyh nqYgu ds lkFk vkrs gq, vfrfFk;ksa dk Lokxr dj jgs FksA tks Hkh vkrk Fkk mldh vka[ksa cl felst paæk ij fVd tkrh FkhaA tjh ds dke dh lkM+h esa og ukjh lkSan;Z dh çfrek] felst paæk ds :i esa [kM+h FkhA tSls dh l| d÷lqfer dfydk lh mudh nsg d÷anu ds vkHkw"k.kksa ls ypdh lh iM+ jgh FkhA >qdh >qdh Hkjh iydksa ls og vfrfFk;ksa dks ns[k dj gYdk lk eqLdqjk nsrh FkhA vkus okys muds fe=kx.k MkWDVj paæk ls csgn NsM+ NkM+ dj jgs FksA chp&chp esa yksxksa dh ehBh&ehBh pqVfd;ksa vkSj fouksn iwjk galh ls lkjk ykWu xwat tkrk FkkA ubZ nqYgu gyds xqykch ?kw¡?kV esa FkksM+h&FkksM+h lh ckr esa vki esa gh fleVs tk jgh FkhA vkus okyksa dh rh[kh fuxkgsa us le> fy;k dh fe0 paæk vo'; gh fdlh lkèkkj.k ifjokj dh ,d ?kjsyw yM+dh gSA vkt dy dh vk/qfud okrkoj.k ls og ,dne
Zdå~a - 2017
vNwrh ekywe gksrh FkhA dkWyst esa i<+h gqbZ yM+fd;k¡ Hkyk mudh rjg dgk¡ ytk ldrh FkhaA fe0 paæk dk vlhe lkSan;Z vk;h gqbZ efgykvksa dks ckj&ckj cjcl viuh vkSj [khaps tk jgk FkkA ,d u ,d xqV mudks pkjksa vkSj ls ?ksjs gh jgrk FkkA tc fL=k;ksa dk ;g gky Fkk rks iq#"kksa dk D;k dguk lHkh eu gh eu MkWDVj paæk ds HkkX; dh ljkguk dj jgs FksA vikj :i jkf'k ds ,dkdh vf/dkfj.kh cu pqds FksA vjs paæk! cM+k yack gkFk ekjk gSA ,d tukc ls jgk ugha x;k rks cksy gh iM+s& ^^vkf[kj ;s 'kknh dc pqids pqids dj Mkyh\ u ckjkr u cSaM cktk ge rks rqEgkjs iM+ksl esa clrs gSa gesa rks dkuksa dku [kcj Hkh ugha feyhA** nwljs lTtu us Qjek;k] ^^ekywe gksrk gS fdMuSi dj yk, gksA** gks gks dj Bgkds nsrs gq, dgkA felst paæk us yksxksa dh gkl ifjgkl vius dks l¡Hkkyus esa ,d ne vleFkZ lh gq, tk jgh FkhA ,sls çrhr gks jgk Fkk dh og ,sls gkL; ifjgkl ls vH;Lr ugha gSA og rks MkWDVj paæk ls Hkh vk¡[k pqjk jgh FkhA blh chp lkl Hkh dHkh dHkh viuh cgq jkuh ls cfr;kus pyh vk jgh FkhA vc og tSls gh vk dj [kM+h gqbZ mUgksaus vius ihNs ls lquk] ^ek¡ ;g cM+k gh Nqik #Lrqe fudykA vkf[kj ;g xqi~ pqi dc ls py jgk Fkk\* ek¡ us ns[kk dh paæk lkgc ds ,d ?kfu"B fe=k dk ;g O;ax Fkk] ^rqEgha iwNks rqEgkjs ls rks vkt rd bldk dksbZ Hksn ugha Nqik jgk gSA* ek¡ us eqLdqjkrs gq, mÙkj fn;kA Hkkst ds le; mldh cspSuh ns[kus ;ksX; FkhA MkW0 paæk eu gh eu lksp jgs Fks dh tYnh ls lc vfrfFk vius ?kj ykSVsaA lc ds tkus ds ckn muds ?kfu"B fe=k vc Hkh MVs gq, FksA vdsys esa cksys] ^vjs ;g moZ'kh dks dgk¡ ls ryk'k yk;s\ ekywe gksrk gS ekeyk cgqr fnuksa ls py jgk FkkA* mUgsa Hkh tYnh Vkyus dh otg ls MkW0 pUæk viuk dPpk fpB~Bk [kksyus dk ok;nk djds mUgsa fdlh rjg fonk fd;kA nwljs fnu feLVj paæk ds ?kfu"B fe=k nksigj dks gh vk /edsA felst paæk ls cksys] ^HkkHkh tjk dy ds yksxksa ds fn, gq, vki vius dkWEIyhesaV rks lqu yhft,A dksbZ vki dks bZjkuh C;wVh rks dksbZ vki dks pEck vkSj d÷Yyw ds ioZr f'k[kjksa dh ounsoh crk jgk FkkA*
'ks"k Hkkx i`"B 37 ij
24
ISSN2231-3079
'kks/ ys[k
X¥{îQnmV
iapijxfu;k yksdxhrksa dk oxhZdj.k izHkqn;ky flag eq.Mk
>kj[k.M
ds vk;Z Hkk"kkvksa [kksjBk] d÷M+ekyh vkSj ukxiqjh dh Hkk¡fr iapijxfu;k Hkk"kk Hkh ,d le`ð vk;Z Hkk"kk gSA iapijxfu;k Hkk"kk dh yksd lkfgR; vR;Ur le`ð gSA yksdxhr lkfgR; dk ,d fo/k gS] yksdlkfgR; ds bl vax esa iapijxfu;k Hkk"kk fdlh vU; Hkk"kkvksa ls de ugha gSA iapijxfu;k Hkk"kk esa yksdxhrksa dh Hkjekj gS fdlh dh mfDr ^ckjks ekls rsgj ijc* iapijxfu;k Hkk"kk ds fy, Hkh lgh cSBrk gSA mu izR;sd ioZ R;ksgkj esa yksdxhrksa dk egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgrk gSA rht] djek] ftfr;k] nlbZ] lksgjk; vkfn ioks± esa yksdxhr cM+s vkuUn ls xk;s tkrs gSa] tks gekjs iapijxfu;k laLÑfr dks le`ð djrk gSA ;gk¡ dh laLÑfr Hkh vius&vki esa le`ð gSA gekjs [kku&iku] os'k&Hkw"kk] jgu&lgu vU; ckg~; lekt ls vyx ns[kus dks feyrk gSA fof'k"V 'kCn %& rkye;] izLQ÷fVr] foiwy] tksruk] m/ksok] ika[kh] xqfEQr] Hkwfedk & yksdxhr & euq"; loZizFke Hkkoqd rRoksa ls ;qDr gksrk gS] vkSj blh dks vkosx dgk tkrk gSA d.B blh ds v/hu gksrk gS] blh v/hu ls o'khHkwr gksdj d.B ls tks Loj QøVrk gS] og y; ,oa rkye; Loj gksrk gSA ;g Loj euq"; ds izR;sd dk;Z&O;kikj tSls lq[k&nq%[k] ladksp foLrkj] Hk;&jkx vkfn ls lEcU/ gksdj lgtrk ls izLQ÷fVr gksrk gS vkSj y; ,oa lwj dk :Ik /kj.k djds vusd izdkj ls vfHkO;Dr
gksrk gS] yksdxhr dgk tkrk gSA yksdxhr&izsj.kk ds ewy Lkzksr gksrs gSa] blh ls thou dks izHkkfor djus okyh 'kfDr;ksa us xhrksa dh Hkko/kjk dks lnk xfr iznku dh gSA ^^yksdxhr yksd ds xhr gSA ftUgsa dksbZ ,d O;fDr ugha cfYd iwjk yksd lekt viukrk gSA lkekU;r% yksd esa izpfyr] yksd }kjk jfpr ,oa yksd ds fy, fy[ks x, xhrksa dks yksdxhr dgk tk ldrk gSA yksdxhrksa ds jpukdkj vius O;fDrRo dks yksd lefiZr dj nsrk gSA 'kkL=kh; fu;eksa dh fo'ks"k ijokg u djds lkekU; yksd O;ogkj ds mi;ksx esa ykus ds fy, ekuo vius vkuUn dh rjax essa tks NUnkscð ok.kh lgt vH;qn; gksrk gS] ogh yksdxhr gS**A1 Tkuekul ds loksZPPk flagklu ij fojkteku ;s yksdxhr fdlh lezkV ds HkkWafr lq'kksfHkr gks jgs gSaA okLro esa ;s lcds lq[k&nq%[k ds lkFkh gS] lHkh dks lkaRouk nsrs fujUrj xfreku jgrs gSaA bruk gh ugh vius esa lekt dh gypy lesVrs pyrs gSaA bues vkUkUn dh ubZ fn'kk,¡ [kksy nsus dh {kerk gSA yksdxhr ds lanZHk esa jkepj.k ;kno us dgk gS] ^yksdxhr ekuo ân; dh /M+du gS] yksdxhr lekt vkSj laLÑfr dh vueksy /jksgj gS ftlus viuh foiqy 'kCn laEink ls jk"VªHkk"kk fgUnh dks Hkh le`ð cukus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA2 yksdxhr dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, MkW0 oklqnso 'kj.k vxzoky us dgk gS]^^yksdxhr fdlh laLÑfr ds eq¡g cksyrss fp=k gSA**3 Iakpijxfu;k yksdxhrksa dk oxhZdj.k %& (d) m/ksok [k- vklkf<+;k x- Hkknqfj;k ?k- o"kkZ lEcU/h
³- [ksrh fdlkuh 1- m/ksok & m/ksok m/ksok xhr ikS"k laØkafr ls ts"B&vk"kk<+ rd xk;k tkrk gSA ouksa vkSj igkM+ksa esa ;k=kk djrs le; pyrs&pyrs buds }kjk dHkh enks± dh ikar ls efgykvksa ds izfr iz'u gksrs gSa] rks dHkh efgykvksa dh rjQ ls iq#"kksa ij vius ân; ds mnxkjksa dh Q÷y>fM+;k¡ cjlk;h tkrh gSA bls lEcfU/r ,d Iakpijxfu;k yksdxhr &^^rgs ts tkcss fi;k gks] vfut cfutok gegq¡ tkoc rjs lkFk nq[ks fcirs fi;k gks] ifu;k lq[kkc vkj* nscks vk¡pj fcNk;A**4 bl xhr esa ,d izsfedk ds mn~xkj Li"V :Ik ls fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] ftlesa og vius fiz;re dks le>us dk iz;kl dj jgh gSA dke&/a/s dh [kkst esa tc og tkus yxrk gS rks izsfedk fcNM+us ds Mj ls dgrh gS fd esjs fiz;re vxj rqe ckgj tkuk gh pkgrs gks rks eSa Hkh rqEgkjs lkFk tkÅ¡xhA rqEgkjs nq%[k foifÙk esa eaS rqEgkjh lsok d:¡xhA [kkus&ihus dk [;ky j[kw¡xh] vkSj tc rqe lksus yxksxs rks fcNkSuk ds :Ik esa viuk vk¡py fcNk nw¡xhA 2- vklkf<+;k xhr & vklkf<+;k xhr vklk<+ ekg esa xk;k tkrk gSA vius&vius [ksr&[kfygkuksa] gy tksruk] [kkn Mkyuk] cht cksuk vkfn dkeksa esa tqV tkrs gSaA bl ekg esa yksxksa dh eu% fLFkfr Ük`axkj jl esa ifjiw.kZ gksrh gSA d÷N la;ksx Ük`axkj rFkk d÷N fo;ksx Ük`axkj esa Mqc tkrs gSaA izseh&izsfedk] ifr&iRuh vxj lkFk&lkFk gS rc rks la;ksx
Zdå~a - 2017
25
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k Ük`axkj ds {k.k curs gSa vkSj vxj nwj&nwj gksrs gSa rc eu esa feyu dh yyd vkSj fo;ksx Ük`axkj ds {k.k vkrs gSaA izLrqr gS ,d vklkf<+;k yksdxhr & ^^dr uk trus] vksxks iwmls fNyke ika[kh fldy dkbVs ikykby* vklk; fn;sa Qkadh eusj vklk jfgyks ckdhA**5 ;g xhr ,d izseh dk gS] tks dkQh tru ls viuh izsfedk dks izse ds tathj ls cka/ dj j[kk Fkk ijUrq volj ikrs gh og /ks[kk nsdj vkSj ml izse :ih tathj dks rksM+dj Hkkx pqdh Fkh] eu esa tks vk'k jgk Fkk og VqV pwdk Fkk] fQj Hkh izseh vHkh Hkh vkl fy, cSBk gSA ;gk¡ ^^ika[kh** vFkkZr~ izsfedk dk izrhd gSA 3- Hkknqfj;k & Hkknks dk eghuk Ñf"k dk;Z dk vafre pj.k gksrk gSA fdlku yksx vius [ksr dk dke lekIr dj pqds gksrs gSaA >ek> e ckfjl ds chp yksx mf}Xu gks tkrs gSa vk¡xu esa pkSjkgs esa Hkknqfj;k xhrksa ls okrkoj.k xawtk;eku gks tkrk gSA iq#"k&efgykvksa dh Vksyh <+ksy&uxk<+ksa ysdj Hkknqfj;k u`R; xhr esa eLr gks tkrs gaSA æ"VO; gS ,d iapijxfu;k Hkknqfj;k xhr & ^^vktq ,dk fduh] xsfNyke tys] vksbts&nsb[ks vkbyke :iks ckadk lkesj HkkbZ lafxuh py] fQjs lsbZ dne ry HkkbZ lafxuh pyA**6 4- o"kkZ lEcU/h & ik¡p ijxuk {ks=k esa vf/dkj ioZ&R;ksgkj cjlkr ds ekSte esa gh gksrk gS] jFk ;k=kk ls ysdj eul] dje] rht vkSj thfr;kA ;s o"kkZ lEcU/h xhr ekg vk"kk<+ ls izkjaHk gksrk gSA vk"kk<+ esa vk"kkf<+;k] lkou esa ekulk] Hkknksa esa Hkknqfj;k ;s lHkh cjlkrh ekSle ds gh xhr gSA cjlkrh xhr [kkl dj izseh izsfedkvksa] ifr&iRuh ds chp feyu vkSj foæksg dh Hkkouk txkrh gSA izLrqr gS o"kkZ lEcU/h iapijxfu;k yksdxhr
dh ,d >yfd;k¡ & ^^cfjlk vkxr izk; fcjksfguh Hkkcs jkb dkgk¡ jgy fi;k ej l[kh js b uo tmcu Hkj [kjAA**7 izLrqr xhr esa ml ;qorh dk o.kZu gS ftldk izseh ?kj esa ugha gS og ,d fojfguh ds leku vdsys thou&O;kiu dj jgh gS vkSj vdLekr gh cjlkr dk ekSle igq¡p x;k gSA og nq[k ls xk mBrh gS fd cjlkr ds bl ekSle esa esjs fiz;re dgk¡ jg x,A viuh l[kh ls dgrh gS fd gs l[khA esjk ;kSou pjeksRd"kZ esa gS] ,sls esa esjs fiz;re dgk¡ gSA 5- [ksrh&fdlkuh xhr & ik¡p ijxuk Ñf"k iz/ku {ks=k gS] ;gk¡ dh vf/dka'k yksx [ksrhgj gS vkSj [ksrh gh muds thfodk dk vkèkkjA vr% os lc Hkwy dj vius [ksrh dk;Z esa fHkM+ tkrs gSa] vkSj viuss&vki muds gksBks ls fofHkUUk izdkj ds xhr mHkj vkrs gSa] [kq'kh esa euksHkko [kqydj lkeus vkus yxrk gS] vkSj vuk;l gh xk mBrs gSaA ^^chrh xsy ekl xje cknfj ns; cfjlu Tkrk&dM+k djk ,cs] gkj tq¡okbV tjk ,[kuksaA**8 xjeh ls csgky tu thou tc ikuh cjlrk gqvk ns[krk gw¡] rks eu vkuafnr gks mBrk gSA lkFk gh mls vius Ñf"k dk;Z dk vkHkkl gks tkrk gSA mlds eq¡g ls cjcl fudyrk gS fd xjeh dk rki vc c<+k gqvk gS vkSj ikuh dk cjlu cknyksa us dj fn;k gS vc gesa Hkh gy ysdj [ksrksa esa tksrkbZ&dksM+kbZ djuk pkfg,A vFkkZr~ [ksrh dk le; vk x;k gSA 'kks/&izfof/ & izLrqr 'kks/ vkys[k fo'ys"k.kkRed ,oa o.kZukRed izÑfr gSA bl 'kks/ vkys[k ds fy, eq[;r% izkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d L=kksrksa dks vk/kj cuk;k x;k gSA fu"d"kZ & mijksDr Iakpijxfu;k yksdxhrksa ls irk pyrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh ,slk xhr ugha gS] tks ikapijxuk ds tu&thou ls Li'kZ jfgr gSA bu
Zdå~a - 2017
xhrksa esa mudk lEiw.kZ thou fuHkZj gSA nSfud fnup;kZ ls ysdj vyx&vyx dk;Z {ks=kkssa esa ;s yksdxhr muds thou lgpj rFkk ekxZ n'kZd gS] vkSj fn'kk funsZ'k djrs gSaA ;ksa dgk tk ldrk gS fd igys xhr curs gSa] ckn esa yksx ÅtkZou curs gSaA iapijxfu;k laLÑfr bUgha xhrksa esa xqfEQr gSA lUnZHk xzUFk lwph & 1- lEesyu if=kdk& yksd laLÑfr vad i`"B&250 2- jkepj.k ;kno& ^^yksdxhr laLÑfr lkfgR; vkSj lekt dh lkSxkr**A 3- vktdy (1951) & vo/ ds yksdxhr ,oa mudk f'kY; lkSUn;ZA i`"B& 17 4- MkW0 vfEcdk Lok¡lh] ^^Iakpijxfu;k yksdxhrksa esa tuthou** i`"B& 166 izdk'kd & vf[ky ifCyds'ku] ch-77] xyh u-1 lqHkk"k fogkj fu;j jcj QSDVªh pkSd ukFkZ ?kkS.Mk] fnYyh&53 izFke laLdj.k 2014] ISBN- 978-9381088-00-5 5- MkW- vfEcdk Lok¡lh] ^^Iakpijxfu;k yksdxhrksa esa tuthou** i`"B& 166 izdk'kd%& vf[ky ifCyds'ku] ch-77] xyh u-1 lqHkk"k fogkj fu;j jcj QSDVªh pkSd ukFkZ ?kkS.Mk] fnYyh&53 izFke laLdj.k 2014] ISBN- 978-9381088-00-5 6- dkyhpj.k flag eq.Mk] xzk0& gq:. Mhg] rekM+] jk¡ph] ekSf[kd lk{kkRdkj] fnukad 20-09-2017 le; 12:10 PM. 7- MkW0 vfEcdk Lok¡lh] ^Iakpijxfu;k yksdxhrksa esa tuthou* i`"B& 166 izdk'kd%& vf[ky ifCyds'ku] ch77] xyh u-1 lqHkk"k fogkj fu;j jcj QSDVªh pkSd ukFkZ ?kkS.Mk] fnYyh&53] izFke laLdj.k 2014 ISBN- 978-93-81088-00-5 8- jkts'k gtke] xzke gq:.Mhg] rekM+] jk¡ph] ekSf[kd lk{kkRdkj] fnukad 20-092017, le; 05:20 PM. 'kks/kFkhZ Tkutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkx] jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡phA eks0 & 9955580616 26
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV Introduction : A language which has a great reach and inuence, which has great impact all over the world, which is being under constant use (spoken, written and researched) is English. With the moving pace of today’s life and age the language has not only become an effective, impressive medium to communicate but also a powerful tool to associate with. It has not longer its limitation to the English writings (novels, journals etc.) but has remarkably being associated with the communicating world. Through the spread of the English literature, language, world media, lm and television industry English has become the leading language of international discourse. English language has a strong background as a West Germanic Language that was rst spoken in the Early medieval England and is known as global lingua franca. It is an ofcial language of almost Sixty sovereign states and mostly spoken language in sovereign states including United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and Carribean etc. English arose in the Anglo Saxon kingdom of England and what is now south east Scotland. Through the world wide inuence of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 17th Century to mid-20th Centuries under the British Empire English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and in professionally context such as science. Historically, English originated from the fusion of closely related dialects, now collectively termed Old Eng-
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English Language - An Integral Part of the Society (A Special reference to English Language Teaching in India)
- Divya Rani lish, which were brought to the Eastern coast of Great Britain by the Germanic settlers (the AngloSaxons) by the fth Century. The Norman Conquest of England in the Eleven Century gave rise to heavy borrowings from Norman French, thus a layer of elaborate vocabulary, particularly in the eld of governance and some Romancelanguage spelling conventions, were added to what had by their become Middle English English as a Second Language is known as English for Speakers of other language (ESOL), English as an additional language (EAL) and as an English as a foreign language (EFL). English language teaching is a widely teachers centered term. Teaching English as a second language, teaching English to speakers of other language, teaching English as a foreign language are also used. As English is so widely spoken it has often been referred to as a “world language”, the lingua franca of the modern age. Pronunciation : The essence of English language teaching is accompanied by the correct usage of words uttered properly. English speakers have many different accents which mostly reect the origin of the native dialect. The importance of English teaching will not be ourished if it is not
accompanied by stress and pronunciation/. Pronunciation here plays a vital role how a word should be uttered properly. Failing to mention here that with an correct pronunciation the sentence not only seems to be distinct but effective. Speaker of language without sounds may have problems both with hearing and with pronouncing them. Phonemic contrast of /i:/ with /i/ (beat to bit vowel) of /u:/ /u/ (fool to full vowels) is rare outside north west Europe. Native Speaker of many widely spoken languages (Dutch, distinguished voiceless stop pain) /p// t//k/ from their voiced counterparts /b//d//g/ merely by their sounds. In English, Grammar, Danish and some other languages, though, the main distinguish feature in the case of initial or stressed stopped voiceless consonant from their voiced counterpart is that they are aspired by (ph, th , kh unless if immediately preceded or followed by /s/, which the voiced ones are not. As a result much of non-English /p/, /t/ and /k/ ill sound to nature English Ear as /b//d/ and /g/ using (parking may sound barking). The spelling of most English consonants corresponds to the IPA symbol (International Phonetics Alphabet). These includes “must”
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'kks/ ys[k “can” “need to” “may” “might” “obligation”. The opposite of “You must be here at Eight (obligation) is usually “You don’t have to be here at eight (lack of obligation, choice) “Must” in “You” must not drink the water (prohibition) has a different meaning from “must” you must have eaten the chocolate (deduction). All these modal verbs or “modal” take the rst form of the verb after them. Idiomatic Usage English Language has high usage of idioms. The use of different main verb form in such apparently parallel construction as try to learn “help learn” and avoid learning. Grammar : Grammar is directly related to English and its association has complimented and completed the relation. English has a relatively large number of tense- aspect mood forms with some quite subtle difference such as the difference between the simple past. “I ate” and the present prefer “I have eaten” English has several auxiliary verb which has number of uses which conveys a special sense or mood such as prohibition, probably permission etc.
X¥{îQnmV border but also in day to day life. Representation at the social media, English language is considered as a favorite medium to do so. The expression in the medium is much more socially accepted and recognized. Computer/ Information Technology have supported this fact that English is the need. Whether nancial or economical drift the medium to transcript is English. We have not been encountered with mathematical version as such. Computer assisted language learning is a system which aids learner to improve and practice skills. It provides stress free Environment for learner Social Acceptance/ Benets The language has proved itself that it has been socially accepted and recognized. This language has allowed students to be among others who appreciate their native language. Challenges Even though English is one of the most popular languages that is being used and learnt around the world, still many people nd it difcult to associate with. Some also think that the language had tried to over power the rst language. Some biggest challenges people face learning the language. Grammar: Being Complex, making it difcult to remember and logical use. Vocabulary: Verb variation and use of tense used in various situation. English has one of the biggest vocabularies of all languages.
Technology Language has a very signicant role in ours lives. It symbolizes the culture of our societies here individual communicates between each other. The language has inuenced global relation as well to become more stronger and practical. How ever communication is Pronunciation: The art of prothe key power to facilitate interactions. English has become a strong nouncing a word in English can be medium to communicate across the difcult as it not always obvious. Eg. k on knight.
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Variation in English The variation in the different forms of English can often be difcult to understand. The difference between the written and spoken form of language. Conclusion Despite all the challenges that most of the people nd difcult to learn the language but still the drive towards learning the language is tremendous. Centers for spoken English can be found in every street we walk in, reecting the urge to learn the language. English language has travelled so far and its need can be found very rm and surely the language is here to stay. References 1. Allan, K. : Aspect in English; University of Edinburgh, 1970 2. Bloomeld, Leonard: Language. 1933 3. Bull. W.E.: Time, Tense and the Verb, University of California, Publication in Linguistics, 1963. 4. Gleason, H.A. An introduction to Descriptive Linguistics, New York, 1955. 5) Hockett,C.F. A Course in Modem linguistics New York, 1958. 6) Lyons, J. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics, Cambridge University Press. 1968. Research Scholar, Dr. Prasanna Kumar David, Head , Department of English, Gossner College, Ranchi
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X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k
Hkkjrh; ukjh % fLFkfr;k¡ vkSj laHkkfor f'k{kk js.kq dqekjh
u
kjh lekt dh /qjh gSA fdlh Hkh lekt vkSj jk"Vª dh izxfr ds fy;s ukjh 'kfDr dk fo'ks"k egRo gSA ukjh Lo;a ,d 'kfDr gh ugha ,d tuuh Hkh gS vkSj ek¡ dh xksn cPps dh igyh ikB'kkyk gksrh gSA oSfnd ;qx esa fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr cgqr Å¡ph FkhA vk;qosZn esa mls ^lksei`"Bk^ dgk x;k gSA osnea=kks dk vFkZ crkusokyh L=kh Ìf"kdky esa Fkh tSls&yksikeqæk Jðk] ljek] ;eh] ?kks"kk vkfnA oSfnd dky esa ckfydkvksa ds fy, f'k{kk xzg.k djuk mruk gh vko';d Fkk ftruk fd ckydks ds fy,A cky&fookg dh izFkk ugha FkhA ^iw.kZ czãp;sZ.k dU;k ;qokua foUnrs ifre~A*1 vkè;kfRed Kku ds {ks=k esa efgyk,¡ iq#"kksa ds leku FkhA /kfeZd {ks=k esa Hkh L=kh dk iq#"k ds cjkcj gh vf/dkj FkkA L=kh lathouh 'kfDr Fkh tks fgUnw tkfr ds vanj thou lapkj djrh jghA Lo;a czã ds vuqlkj nsoh gh ml czãk.M dks /kj.k djrh gS& vrqya r=k rÙkst% loZnso'kjhjte~! ,dLFka rnHkwUukjh O;kIryksd=k;a fRo"kk!2 c`gnkj.;d mifu"kn~ esa mfYyf[kr Ìf"k ;kKoYD; ds lkFk 'kkL=kkFkZ djus okyh czãosÙkk xkxhZ] eè;dky esa iafMr e.Mu feJ dks ijkLr djusokys 'kadjkpk;Z dks ijkLr djusokyh eaMu feJ dh iRuh ^fo|k/jh^ vFkoZosn dh lqizfrf"Br ^lkezkKh* dSls ^vkfJrk^ cu x;h\ tks fL=k;k¡ oSfnd dky esa /eZ vkSj lekt dk izk.k Fkh os ^Jqfr ikB* djus ds v;ksX; fdl rjg gks xbZ\
efgykvksa ds izfr Hkkjrh;ksa dk iquhr n`f"Vdks.k dSls ckfydkvksa ds cky&fookg] vkSj vfo|k dk i{k/j gks x;k\ vkReKku esa fueXu iq#"kksa us ukfj;ksa dks eks{kekxZ dh eq[; ck/k ekuk] lH; iq#"kksa us L=kh dh ppkZ djuk oS"kf;drk dk y{k.k ekuk vkSj fojDrksa us mldk eq[kkoyksdu djuk fuf"kð ekuk\ foykfl;ksa vkSj dfo;ksa us mls foykl dh oLrq le>kA x`gLFkksa us Hkh ekrk] Hkfxuh rFkk dU;k ds :Ik esa mls nsork ;k ifo=k /jksgj ekukA ijUrq buesa ls fdlh us Hkh mls rqY; LoRo vkSj rqY; ijkØe ekuo ugha ekukA3 Hkkjr ds Lora=krk&laxzke esa efgykvksa dh mPpdksfV dh ns'kHkfDr] R;kx vkSj riL;k] d÷'kyrk vkSj ohjrk us Hkkjrh; lekt dh L=kh ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k es i;kZIr ifjorZu fd;kA Hkkjr ds lafo/ku esa mls fo'ks"k LFkku izkIr gks x;k] lekt esa Hkh vis{kkÑr izfr"Bk c<+hA ;g lp gSa fd gekjs ns'k esa fofHkUUk ekspks± ij ckfydkvksa ,oa efgykvksa dh O;kid vkSj iz'kaluh; fgLlsnkjh gSA ijUrq ;g Hkh dVq lR; gSa fd ckfydkvksa ,oea efgykvksa ij gksusokys vR;kpkjks esa Hkh csrgk'kk o`fð gqbZ gSA fLFkfr ;gk¡ rd fo"ke vkSj Hk;kog gks xbZ gS fd ?kj ds vanj] ckgj] lM+d ij] dk;ZLFkyksa ij ;k vkSj dgha Hkh efgykvksa dh ckr rks nhxj gSa] cfPp;k¡ Hkh lqjf{kr ugha gSA mUgsa vk;s fnu vlqj{kk ds pyrs vieku vkSj ?k`.kk dk f'kdkj rks cuuk gh iM+rk gSa] gol ds Hkw[ks HksfM+;ksa dh 'kSrkuh Hkjh gSokfu;r dk f'kdkj Hkh cuuk iM+rk gSA4 vkf[kj vktknh ds brus lkyksa ds ckn efgyk&xkSjo dks Bsl dk oÙkZeku vk¡dM+k D;k gekjh ik'kfodrk dks mtkxkj ugha djrk\ izrkM+uk] vigj.k] ySafxd HksnHkko] ikfjokfjd fgalk] cykRdkj tSls dbZ d÷fRlr vijk/ ns'k esa izfrfnu c<+ jgs gSA lekt esa ykt ds Mj ls] f'k{kk ds
vHkko esa] vlqj{kk ds Hk; ls] lekt esa leqfpr lg;ksx u feyus ds dkj.k vkSj dkjxj dkuwuksa ds vHkko esa vf/dka'k ?kVuk,¡ lekus ugha vk ikrhaA ;s ?k`f.kr ekeys ns'k ds lHkh /eks±] laLÑfr;ksa vkSj vk;&lewgkas ds lEcfU/r leqnk;ksa esa ik;s tkrs gaSA gekjs ns'k esa iathÑr vkijkf/d ekeyksa ls viathÑr vkijkf/d ekeys de ugha gaSA ekeyk pkgs efgykvksa ds Je 'kks"k.k dk gks ;k nSfgd 'kks"k.k dk vFkok Hkzw.k&gR;k dk] fLFkfr esa lq/kj rHkh vk ldrk gS tc ge viuh ekufldrk esa cnyko yk;saA bl mís'; ds fy;s efgykvksa esa f'k{kk ds izlkj dh rks vko';drk gS gh gekjh f'k{kk&uhfr vkSj 'kSf{kd Lo:Ik esa Hkh cnyko dh vko';drk gSA foMEcuk ;g gSa fd ,d vksj Hkkjrh; ukjh eq[;ea=kh] iz/kuea=kh cuh gSA] jk"Vªifr rd cuh gSA ,ojsLV ij vkSj varfj{k esa tk jgh gSa] rSjdj egklkxj ikj dj jgh gS] mÙkjh /zqo ij 'kks/ dj jgh gSa] Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk ds bfrgkl esa ,;j ek'kZy cudj dhfrZeku LFkkfir dj jgh gSA ns'k ds loksZPp in ij viuh d÷'kyrk dh Nki NksM+ jgh gSa] ogh nwljh vksj og lekt esa vkt Hkh misf{kr gSa] vukn`r gSA loksZPp f'k[kj ij igq¡pus ds ckn Hkh Hkkjrh; lekt esa mldk LFkku lcls uhps cuk jguk ,d nq%[kn foMEcuk gSA5 ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr dks lq/kjus rFkk mls lEekfur Hk;eqDr rFkk 'kks"k.keqDr thou iznku djus ds fy, vko';drk gSS ,d ,sls L=kh mUeq[k jk"Vªh; dk;ZØe dh] ftlds vUrxZr lgh vFkks± esa ukjh dh izxfr ds iz;kl gksaA6 D;ksa ugha ,slh f'k{kk uhfr ykxw gks ftlesa ckfydkvksa ,oa ckydksa nksuksa ds LoLFk pfj=k&fuekZ.k dh {kerk gksA nksuksa dh vknrksa ,oa n`f"Vdks.k dks vPNk LokLF; iznku djusokyk gksA D;ksa ugh ckydksa esa 'kqð
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'kks/ ys[k@ dfork izo`fÙk;ksa ds fodkl djusokyh ikB~;p;kZ dk fuekZ.k vkSj vuqikyu gks ldrk\ ge ihNs dh vksj ns[krs gSa rks fiNys d÷N gh o"kks± esa rduhdh Kku dk foLQksV utj vkrk gSA vkf[kj gekjs jktuf;dksa vkSj cqfðthfo;ksa us Bkuk rks foKku dh miyfC/;k¡ Hkkjr ds yxHkx izR;sd gkFk esa gSa u! rks fQj ;s jktusrk vkSj cqfðthoh] f'k{kkfon~ vxj Bku ys rks gekjs ns'k esa ewY;&vk/kfjr vkSj pfj=k&fuekZ.k vkèkkfjr f'k{kk&iðfr t:j ykxw gks ldrh gS vkSj pfj=k&fuekZ.k dk izHkko nwj&nwj rd fn[ksxkA D;ksafd ^pfj=k* O;fDr dh izo`fÙk;ksa vkSj mlds efLr"d dh ladYiukvksa dk ^leqPp;* gksrk gSA ;fn LoPN laosnuk,¡ gkoh gksrh gaS rks vPNs pfj=k dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA ;fn laosnuk,¡ rqPN gSa rks dyqf"kr pfj=k dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSaA ;fn laosnuk,¡ 'kqð gksaxh] izo`fÙk;k¡ 'kqð gksaxh rks lkfRod izo`fÙk;k¡ O;fDr dks rqPN dk;Z dks djus ls jksdsaxhA n.M vkSj iqjLdkj rqPN dk;ks± dks jksdus rFkk Js"B dk;ks± dks c<+kus esa ennxkj gksrs gaSA fdUrq Js"B pfj=k cy ges'kk Js"B dk;ks± ds izfriknu esa lQy gksrs gSaA vr% ge lHkh dks vU; iz;klks ls T;knk pfj=k&fuekZ.k dh vksj è;ku nsuk pkfg, ftlds ifj.kker% Hkkjr esa ukfj;ksa dh Js"B izfLFkfr dk izknqHkkZo gks ldsxkA lUnHkZ% 1-Hkkjrh; ukjh % lkekftd vè;;u % MkW0 jktd÷ekj] vtqZu ifCyf'kax gkml] ubZ fnYyh % i`0&1 2- nqxkZlIr'krh % f}rh;ksè;k; % 'yksd la0&13 3-Hkkjrh; ukjh % lkekftd vè;;u % Mk¡0 jktd÷ekj vtqZu ifCyf'kax gkml] ubZ fnYyh&i`"B&2&3 4-Hkkjrh; ukjh % 'kks"k.k ds cnyrs vk;ke] Mk¡0 eatqyrk fNYyj] vtqZu ifCyf'kax gkml] ubZ fnYyh] i`"B la0&7 5- ogh] i`"B la[;k &9 6- Hkkjrh; ukjh % oÙkZeku leL;k,¡ vkSj Hkkoh lek/ku % jek 'kekZ] ,e-ds feJk] vtqZu ifCyf'kax gkml] ubZ fnYyh] i`"B la0&17A 'kks/PNk=kk LukrdksÙkj] laLÑr foHkkx jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡ph] eksckby -9835719578
Tkudfo ukxktqZu fefFkykapy dh Hkwfe esa tUek NksVk&lk ckyd ,d dgrs Fks ckck cS|ukFk dk vk'khokZn mUgsa vkS?kM+] feD[kq lkfgR;dkj mUgsa ftuds ri esa flQZ ns'kfgr dk LokFkZ Fkk lq[k&O;oLFkk dh pkg ugha] ifjokj dk R;kx Fkk tudfo vuks[kk U;kjk gS oks dye ok.kh tSlh pyrh Fkh ok.kh eap ij mudh ,slh ltrh Fkh lquus okys vpafHkr jg tkrs] muds O;aX; ls d÷N vkØksf'kr gks tkrs turk gh mudh 'kfDr Fkh lkfgR; gh mudh HkfDr Fkh egkeuko Fks] nnZ ls fo{kqC/ fuMj] vfMx vius iFk dks Lo;a dj tkrs vykSfdd gkj tkrs Fks Hkz"Vkpkfj;ksa ds i{k/j jktuhfr&lkfgR; mudh eq[; gS /jksgj ladYi cl bruk Fkk nq'eu dksbZ ugha lq[kh turk gks ;g mudk liuk Fkk HksnHkko fcuk lHkh turk laiUugks nfyrksa dk dksbZ gd u Nhus ukjh ca/deqDr Lora=k gks 'kkld 'kks"kd u cus Tkurk esa brus tkx:d fopkj gks Ekuork dk vFkZ oks le>s Ikk[k.Mksa dk frjLdkj vkanksyuksa esa lcls vkxs ijpe os ygjkrs FksA tudfo gS vfHkO;fDr esa rfud u ?kcjkrs FksA dgrs Fks lhuk rku dj ^^esjh fgLlsnkjh flQZ ok.kh dh ugha] deZ dh gks vkt vu'ku ij g¡w] dy tsy Hkh tk ldrk g¡wA ,sls Fks egkufopkj muds Pkkgrs rks lq[k] oSHko esa th ldrs Fks cu ldrs Fks eB/h'k cMs+ ij thou dk dksbZ jax mUgsa jkl u vk;k fj'rksa dk dksbZ ca/d mUgsa jksd u ik;k
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fcfurk oekZ lnk eXu lkfgR; lk/uk eas os riLoh cgqHkk"kh Fks ;k=kh ;k;kojh Hkh Loa; osnuk jl ih dj lkfgR; dks feBkl nh la/"kZ gh ugha] ;qx ifjorZu dh vkxkt nh dkyt;h ukxktqZu ds vkxs ur eLrd gksrs esjk lj thou ds la/"kk±s ls tks :dk ugha 'kjhj dh Fkdku ls tks VwVk ugha 'kjhj dh fLFkjrk ls fopfyr vkRek ij dksbZ u ca/u Fkk Tkhou ds vafre pj.k rd lkkfgR; ls tqM+k jgk mudk nkeu vueksy lkfgR; dh feyh gesa /jksgj ftl esa vkn'kZ] la?k"kZ] izsj.kk dh xkFkk gSA la?k"kk±s ls yM+rh xkSjh] pEik] mxuh gS dgha ;qx ifjorZu dk ijpe ys cypuek [kM+k gS [kqu [kqu foolrk esa thrk gS ysfdu ^o:.k ds csVs* gd viuk e¡kxsxsA ^nq[kekspd* tSls uk;d ns'k dh lwjr cnysxkA xjhc nkl eksgrkt ugha fdlh dk [kqn ubZ jkgsa ryk'ksxk ^Tkefu;k dk ckck* vc iNrk,xk ukxktqZu ds vkn'kks± dh Nki ftl&ftl rd ig¡qp ik,xk izsj.kk dk vk/kj leqæ gS lkkfgR; lkjk pqu ldks tks Kku ds eksrh muls utjsa cnysaxh vkSj cny tk,xk utkjkA 'kks/kFkhZ dksYgku fo'o fo|ky; pkbZcklkA 30
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k
MkW0 [kxsUnz Bkdqj dk O;aX;&ys[ku gqvkA blesa Bkd÷jth us ^jkgxhj* ds Nn~e uke ls Lo;a dks ik=k cukdj vius thou ds [kV~Vs&ehBs vuqHkoksa dks O;aX; ds ekè;e ls fijks;k gSA blesa 'kh"kZd fuca/ lfgr d÷y 40 fuca/ laxzfgr gSaA lHkh ,d ls c<+dj ,dA ;s fuca/ laxzg
vkSj ,sls yksxksa ls yxko j[kus okys d÷N ys[kd Hkh gksrs gSaA blfy, lkfgR; dk lkekftd la?k"kZ Hkh cu tkrk gS] ysfdu O;aX;&ys[ku dk la?k"kZ rks vR;Ur eq[kj vkSj iz[kj gksrk gS D;ksafd O;aX; dk fu'kkuk ,dne Li"V gksuk pkfg,] Hkys gh
:Ik esa vkus ls igys iVuk ls izdkf'kr nSfud ^tu'kfä* esa LraHk :Ik esa Nirs jgs gSaA bu fucaèkksa dk lw=k/kj ik=k ^jkgxhj* ikBdksa ds chp [kklk yksdfiz; gqvkA rc Bkd÷jth us lq/h ikBdksa dh #fp vkSj fe=kksa ds vkxzg dks ns[krs gq, bUgsa laxzghr dj iqLrd :Ik esa izdkf'kr djok;kA vius O;aX;&ys[ku ds laca/ esa Lo;a MkW0 Bkd÷j fuosfnr djrs gSa] ^^l`tu&deZ dh fof'k"Vrk us gh euq"; dks nwljs thoksa ls fHkUu ntkZ fn;k gS vkSj bl izfØ;k esa ,d rjQ euq"; vkSj fodflr gksrk x;k gS rks nwljh rjQ mldk deZ Hkh tfVy gksrk x;k gSA bl Øe esa gh vuqHko ls irk pyrk gS fd d÷N ,sls yksx Hkh gksrs gSa] tks euq"; ds fodkl ds f[kykQ gksrs gSa
pksV lh/s u gksA O;aX;&ys[ku ds fy, lkekftd fof/&fu"ks/ dk Li"V Kku t:jh gSA blds fcuk O;aX; cwejsax cu tkrk gSA ;fn ge lekt ds lkFk] lekt dks ysdj vkxs c<+uk pkgrs gSa] rks jkLrk jksdus okys ij pksV djuh gh gksxh] ,slh pksV fd og fryfeyk dj gV tk, vkSj vkxs pyus okys dks jkLrk lkQ fn[kus yxsA**1 Li"V gS fd MkW0 Bkd÷j dk O;aX; flQZ dVk{k ugha gS cfYd ;g mudh vkykspuk dh rjg lksís'; gS vkSj lkekftd ljksdkj j[krk gSA ;gk¡ izLrqr laxzg ls muds O;aX; ds d÷N uewus æ"VO; gSa] ftuls mudh O;aX;&ys[ku dh fof'k"Vrkvksa dks le>k tk ldrk gS& vdfork dh rjg fu#ís'; ,d fnu ^jkgxhj* dks 'kke esa
e`R;qat; d÷ekj izekf.kd
;w¡
rks MkW0 [kxsUæ Bkdqj dk uke fganh lkfgR; vkykspuk ds vfxze iafDr ds vkykspdksa esa fy;k tkrk gSA fdarq budk l`tu Hkh de egÙoiw.kZ ugha gSA bUgksaus dkO;] fuca/] miU;kl tSlh x| fo/kvksa esa Hkh ys[ku fd;k gSA lkFk gh O;aX; fo/k esa Hkh mUgksaus lQyrkiwoZd viuh dye pyk;h gSA budh la[;k de gS fdarq buds ekè;e ls vkykspd MkW0 [kxsUæ Bkd÷j us viuh l`tu'khyrk dk vPNk ifjp; fn;k gSA izLrqr vkys[k buds O;aX;&ys[ku ij dsafær gSA ^nsg /js dks naM* (1983) rFkk ^bZ'oj ls HksaVokrkZ* (2013) uked buds O;aX;ijd fuca/ksa dk nks laxzg izdkf'kr gSA [kxsUæth ds O;aX;&ys[ku dk mn~ns'; thou vkSj lekt ds ;FkkFkZ dks mtkxj dj fouksn 'kSyh esa ikBdksa dks xqnxqnkus dk jgk gSA mDr laxzgksa esa Hkh buds thou ds O;kid vuqHkoksa ls flð fo"k;oLrq vkSj ys[ku dh lefUor dyk ns[kh tk ldrh gSA LoHkkor% buds O;aX;&ys[ku dk #[k vkykspukRed gSA bu O;aX; ys[kksa dks i<+rs gq, dHkh gesa gtkjh izlkn f}osnh ;kn vkrs gSa rks dHkh gfj'kadj ijlkbZA MkW0 Bkd÷j ds fuca/ dHkh Dykfldy oLrq dks rks dHkh lkekftd oLrq dks ysdj Lor% gh O;aX;kRed 'kSyh esa <y tkrs gSaA vly esa [kxsUæth ds ikl thou vkSj lekt ds vuqHkoksa dk ,slk le`ð vkSj fofo/ rkiw.kZ [ktkuk gS fd buds ys[ku dks dHkh&dHkh fdlh ,d fo/kk esa O;Dr djuk laHko ugha gks ikrkA mDr nksuksa O;aX;&laxzg Hkh d÷N ,slh gh f'kYi esa <yh gqbZ jpuk,a gSaA nsg /js dks naM ;g MkW0 Bkd÷j ds O;aX;iw.kZ ys[kksa dk ,d laxzg gS tks buds jpukdeZ ds iwokZðZ esa lu~ 1983 esa ifjey izdk'ku] bykgkckn ls izdkf'kr
'kks/ ys[k
Zdå~a - 2017
31
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k cktkj tkrs gq, dksbZ lkfgR;dkj fe=k fey tkrs gSa ftuls ;s iwN cSBrs gSa& ^^fd/j tk jgs gSa\ buds loky ls vktht vkdj fe=k us tokc fn;k& ^dgk¡ tk,axs HkkbZ] ;ksa gh Vgy ekj jgs gSaA* & rks vki ;ksa gh fudy x;s] vdfork dh rjg fu#ís';* & vkt vki rqy x;s gSa esjh 'kke [kjkc djus dks! vdfork fu#ís'; gksrh gS\ vkSj gksrh gS] rks gksrh gS] vki D;ksa ijs'kku gSa\ vkt dfork esa mís'; [kkstrs gSa] rks vdfork fu#ís'; ugha gksxh\ & vksgks] ;g dgh vkius yk[k Vds dh ckrA ysfdu] HkkbZ vkidh 'kke eSa [kjkc dj jgk gw¡ ;k vkidh [kjkc rch;r ls 'kke [kjkc gks jgh gS\**2 Lkjdkj dk Lokn [kkjk ^^jkgxhj ds eu esa bu fnuksa fnYyh tkus dh cM+h bPNk gS] ysfdu tkuk eqf'dy gSA foKkuh yksx dgrs gSa fd nqfu;k cM+h NksVh gks x;h gS] NksVh gksrh tk jgh gS ysfdu jkgxhj ds fy, vc Hkh fnYyh nwj gS vkSj jkgxhj rks tkus ds ckjs esa Hkh lksp ysrk gS] djksM+ksa yksx rks fnYyh tkus ds ckjs esa lksp Hkh ugha ldrs] gkykafd fnYyh ljdkj dh xn~nh ij cSBus okys gj jaxr ds yksx mUgha djksM+ksa yksxksa ds uke ij brus vkalw cgkrs jgrs gSa fd ljdkj dk Lokn [kkjk yxus yxrk gSA**3 tcnZLrh eq¡g esa ek[ku yisV ns rks Ñ".k dk D;k dlwj\ ^^eSaus chp esa iM+rs gq, dgk& gk¡ lkgc! Ikzèkkuea=kh dk blesa D;k nks"k\ lsB yksx rks tcnZLrh #i;k ns nsrs gSaA vki rks tkurs gh gSa] czt dh xksfi;k¡ Ñ".k dks idM+ dj ;'kksnk ds ikl tkrh Fkha f'kdk;r djus fd Ñ".k mudk ek[ku pqjk dj [kk ysrs FksA ;'kksnk MkaVrh rks Ñ".k dgrs ns[kks rks eSa dSls ek[ku [kk ldrk gw¡] esjs gkFk rks Nhads rd igq¡p gh ugha ldrsA tc xksfi;k¡ dgrha fd ns[kks fdruk >wB cksyrk gS] eqag esa vc rd ek[ku yxk gqvk gS] rks Ñ".k dgrs& vjs ;g nksLrksa us tcnZLrh eqag esa yisV fn;k gSA lks HkkbZ gekjs ns'k ds lsB yksx rks Ñ".k ds nksLrksa dh rjg gSa] tks tcnZLrh Ñ".k ds eqag esa ek[ku yisV nsrs FksA cspkjs Ñ".k dk D;k dlwj\**4 nsg /kj.k dk naM Hkksxuk gh iM+rk gS ^^ljdkj vktdy dg jgh gS& ^,d ds ckn vHkh ugha vkSj nks ds ckn dHkh ughaA* esjh ckr ekus rks mls dguk pkfg, fd ^vc vkSj ,d Hkh ugha] ,d Hkh ughaA* tks gksuk Fkk lks gks x;k vkSj brus gh D;k de gSa\ brus gh cPps flQZ yaxksVh ekaxus yxsa] flQZ LysV ekaxus yxsa] flQZ
yseupwl ekaxus yxsa] ljdkj dks ilhuk NwVus yxsA ftldks bUrtke djuk iM+rk gS] mldks u cq>krk gS] iSnk djus okyksa dks D;k\ cgqr xyr ckr gS cPPkk iSnk djukA vkSj ;g dksbZ u;h ckr ugha gS] ljdkj dks blds fy, nks"k nsuk mfpr ugha gSA eè;dky esa gh] vkt ls pkj lkS cjl ls T;knk igys ,d lar us dgk& nsg /js dks naMA ;kuh bl /kjrh ij nsg /kj.k djus dk naM Hkksxuk gh iM+rk gSA nsf[k, bl /jrh ij tUe ysuk vijk/ gS fd ugha\ vkt dy rks ,sls&,sls cqfðeku usrk vkSj cqfðthoh gks x;s gSa fd pksjh] MdSrh] ywV] vkxtuh] cykRdkj] gR;k vkfn dks vijk/ ekurs gSaA larksa us dgk gS fd tUe ysuk gh vijk/ gSA ysfdu mu larks ds f[kykQ dksbZ ugha cksyrk gS] ljdkj ds f[kykQ lc cksyrs gSaA esjh jk; esa rks iqfyl ls xyrh vfHk;ksx&i=k rS;kj djus esa gh gks x;h] mldks ml ckyd ij <syk pykus dk vfHk;ksx ugha] /jrh ij nsg /kj.k djus dk gh vfHk;ksx pykuk pkfg, Fkk vkSj xokgh ds fy, ml lar dh vkRek dks cqykuk pkfg, FkkA**5 bl izdkj MkW0 [kxsUæ Bkd÷j vius bl O;aX; laxzg ^nsg /js dks naM* esa RkRdkyhu lkekftd] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] lkfgfR;d foMacukvksa ij la;fer vkSj 'kkyhu fdarq rh[kk dVk{k djrs gq, utj vkrs gSaA bl laxzg esa vf/dka'k ys[k jktuhfrd O;aX; dh dksfV esa vkrs gSa D;ksafd Lo;a MkW0 Bkd÷j izns'k dh okeiaFkh jktuhfrd xfrfof/;ksa esa c<+&p<+ dj fgLlk ysrs vk, gSa vkSj bl nkSjku feys vius dVq vuqHkoksa dks ljl O;aX;iw.kZ ok.kh esa izLrqr fd;k gSA
bZ'oj ls HksaVokrkZ
^bZ'oj ls HksaVokrkZ* MkW0 Bkd÷j ds jpukdeZ ds mÙkjkðZ esa fy[kk x;k vf/d ifjiDo O;aX;&laxzg gSA ;g ^nsg /js dks naM* ds 30 o"kks± ds yacs varjky ds Ik'pkr izdkf'kr nwljh O;aX; jpuk gSA bl jpuk dh Hkwfedk esa Bkd÷jth us Lohdkj fd;k gS fd O;aX; l`tu dk lcls lgh rjhdk gS lp dgukA ;g ^lp* gh okLro esa vlaxfr;ksa ij izgkj djrk gS tks gekjs lekt esa xgjs O;kIr gSA bu vlaxfr;ksa dh igpku vkSj rfud lkgl vkSj ;qfDr ls budh lPpkbZ dks mtkxj djuk gh okLro esa O;aX; dk l`tu dj ldrk gSA lkFk MkW0 Bkd÷j O;aX; dks lkfgR; dh ,d Lora=k x| fo/k ekuus ls budkj djrs gSaA budk ekuuk gS fd O;aX; fdlh Hkh rjhds ls dgk tk, lkfgR; esa ;g x| ys[ku dh ,d fof'k"V 'kSyh gh gS] ftldk iz;ksx fdlh Hkh fo/k esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA O;aX; jpuk dh fof'k"Vrk vkSj gkL; o O;aX; esa varj dks le>krs gq, MkW0 Bkdqj dgrs gSa] ^^gekjs oxZ&foHkkftr vkSj fo"kewyd lekt
Zdå~a - 2017
esa] varfoZjks/ksa ls Hkjs lekt esa vlaxfr;ksa dh Hkjekj gSA O;aX;&ys[kd esa ,slh reht gksuh pkfg, fd og vius izgkj dk fu'kkuk fdldks cuk jgk gSA dksbZ fL=k;ksa dks] lkl&irksgw dks fu'kkuk cukdj O;aX; jprk gSA ;s lekt ds NksV&NksVs fo"k; gSa] ftu ij pksV djus esa gkL; dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA O;aX; rks curk gh ughaA ,sls izlaxksa ds fp=k.k ls dbZ ckj gkL; Hkh QøgM+ gks tkrk gSA blfy, O;aX;&ys[kd esa gkL; vkSj O;aX; esa QdZ djus dh reht gksuh pkfg,A dbZ yksx izlaxksa ds fp=k.k ds tfj, O;aX; ugha fy[k ikrs rks] Hkk"kk ds Lrj ij gh O;aX; x<+rs gSaA ysfdu ;g rks Åijh Lrj dk O;aX; gksrk gS] tks gkL; dk l`tu djds jg tkrk gSA**6 ;g laxzg nks [k.Mksa esa d÷y 22 pqfuank ys[kksa dks laxzghr djrk gSA izFke [k.M esa O;aX; ys[k gSa ftudh la[;k 17 gSA rFkk nwljs [k.M esa fparu ,oa fopkj iz/kku fuca/ gSa] ftudh la[;k 5 gSA nksuksa gh izdkj ds fuca/k MkW0 [kxsanz Bkdqj ds yacs thoukuqHkoksa vkSj oSpkfjd la?k"kZ ls nks vyx :Ikksa esa mits gSa fdarq nksuksa dk gh ljksdkj ikBdksa dh lksp dks >d>ksjuk vkSj muds fparu dks ,d ubZ fn'kk nsuk gSA laxzg ls Bkd÷jth ds O;aX; ds d÷N uewus æ"VO; gSa& dgk¡ pyk x;k ikuh\ ^^tc yrk eaxs'kdj dh nnZ Hkjh vkokt eSa lqurk gw¡& tjk vk¡[k esa Hkj yks ikuh] rks eSa lkspus yxrk gw¡ fd ftudh vk¡[k esa ikuh Hkjus dks dgk tkrk gS] mudh vk¡[k dk ikuh D;k gks x;k\ dgk¡ pyk x;k\ mudh vk¡[k dk ikuh dgha fxj x;k rks ;g nq?kZVuk dSls gks x;h\ eè;dky ds ukeh dfo vkSj vdcjh njckj ds ,d uojRu jghe us fgnk;r nh Fkh& jfgeu ikuh jkf[k,] fcu ikuh lc lwuA ikuh x;s u Åcjs] eksrh] ekuq"k] pwuAA Bhd ls è;ku nhft,] jghe us ikuh Hkjus dh ckr ugha] ikuh j[kus dh ckr dgh gSA nksuksa esa cM+k QdZ gSA ikuh ugha rks Hkj yhft,A ikuh gS rks cpk, jf[k,A yxrk gS jghe ds le; esa ikuh dk vHkko ugha gqvk Fkk] vkneh ds fy, ;k eksrh ds fy, ;k pwuk ds fy,A vly leL;k rks vkneh ds fy, gSA 'kghnksa dh vka[kksa esa ikuh vkSj ulksa esa [kwu mcyrk jgrk FkkA ns'k vktkn gqvk vkSj vkSj ikuh dh fdYyr gksus yxhA dgk¡ pyk x;k ikuh\**7 ns'k dks j[kuk esjs cPpksa laHkky ds tks gks] xka/hth ns'k dh fpUrk rks dj gh jgs Fks vkSj Hkjkslk jg x;k Fkk cPpksa ij] blfy, mudk gh vkg~oku djrs gSa& bl ns'k dks j[kuk esjs cPPkksa laHkky dsA xka/hth ds le; esa tks
'ks"k Hkkx i`"B 37 ij
32
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k
j?kqohj lgk; dh dfork esa jktuhfrd psruk j?kqohj lgk; lekt vkSj jktuhfr ds izfr izfrdøy fopkj j[krs Fks] D;ksafd os yfyrk d÷ekjh ,d dfo ds lkFk&lkFk ,d i=kdkj Hkh FksA mUgksaus ?kqohj lgk; tu lacð dforkvksa ds ledkyhu jktuhfr vkSj ltZd] Hkkjr ds orZeku cqtqZvk yksdra=k dh mldh ?kVukvksa dks ,d [kkfe;ksa dks js[kkafdr djus okyh turk vkSj i=kdkj dh lw{e n`f"V mlds usrkvksa dh detksfj;ksa dks m?kkM+dj la?k"kZ ls ns[kk vkSj ij[kk FkkA dh izsj.kk nsus okys fgUnh dh lkBksÙkjh dfork os jktuhfr dks ;FkkFkZ esa ds mu dfo;ksa esa ls gSa] ftUgksaus ^ubZ dfork* ds O;Dr djus esa ;dhu djrs izfrxkeh eqY;ksa ls vlgefr izdV djrs gq, vkt FksA j?kqohj lgk; dh bl dh vðZlkearh&vðZiwathoknh 'kks"kd O;oLFkk ekukso`fr dks MkW0 Ñ".knÙk }kjk fd, x, neu vkSj mlls mRiUu vkrad ikyhokyth us ßj?kqohj lgk; dk lh/h&ljy Hkk"kk esa fp=k.k djrs gq, fgUnh lp dgus dh rkdr ls cuh dkO;&Hkk"kk dks u;k eqgkojk fn;k gSA dforkÞ 'kh"kZd ys[k ds lanjktuhfr ,d iz/ku lanHkZ jgk gS D;ksafd HkZ esa dgk gS&ßftUnxh dks lkjh thou&O;oLFkk] lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd Hkhrj ls tkuus vkSj le>us <¡kpk] vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds fu;ked rRo blh ds fy, ;g dfork jktuhfr ls fudyrs gSaA ysfdu j?kqohj lgk; ds le; esa ds Hkhrj izos'k djrh gS vkSj jktuhfr esa vekuoh; LokFkk±/rk fodflr gks jktuhfr dh Hkz"V] VqPph xbZ FkhA ftldh otg ls lkekftd O;oLFkk esa ekuoæksgh vekuoh; djrjktuhfr dk ncko cgqr vf/d c<+ x;k Fkk wrksa dks fuHkZ; Loj ls mtkxj vkSj lkFk esa vkØed Hkh gks xbZ FkhA ;g djrh gSAÞ2 jktuhfr euq";rk dks fuxyus ij rqyh FkhA vFkkZr j?kqohj lgk; dh j?kqohj lgk; ,d laosnu'khy O;fDr FksA dfork,¡ ekuo thou dh blfy, os jktuhfr vkSj lekt ls rVLFk FksA ml xgjkbZ esa mrj dj mldh le; jpukdkjksa dk cM+k leqnk; yksdrkaf=kd dFkk dgrh gS vkSj jktuhfr ewY;ksa ds izfr mnklhu Fkk vkSj jktuhfr ls ds fdys esa ?kql dj mldh nwjh cuk;s j[kuk ilan djrk FkkA 'kkld oxZ ekuo thou dks lekIr dj dh Hkh ;gh vis{kk Fkh fd og lekt ds bl nsus okyh tsgfu;r dks ckgj cqfðthoh oxZ dks lekt ds ml vkn'kZ Hkkouk fudkyrh gSA rFkk turkaf=kd ewY;ksa ls dkV j[kk tk,] tks j?kqohj lgk; us jktuhfr vkSj mlls tqM+s lkekftd :ikarj.k dks c<+ok nsrs gSaA j?kqohj reke iz'uksa dks viuh dforkvksa ds ekè;e lgk; ,d laosn'khy dfo Fks blfy, mudk ls izLrqr fd;k gSA mUgksaus ^tura=k* ds rek'ks jktuhfr ls nwj jguk dfBu Fkk mudk ekuuk dks ^èkwfey* dh rjg gh vuqHko fd;k Fkk Fkk] ßys[kd ds fy, jktuhfr ls vyx jguk gj vkSj vius bl vuqHko dks turk ds lkFk gkyr esa csbZekuh gSA jktuhfrd ikVhZ dk xqyke ck¡Vuk pkgk gSA mUgksaus lkekftd lajpuk dh gks tkuk flQZ mlh gkyr esa csbZekuh gS] tc xfre;rk ;k fodkl dh uSjUr;Z dks jksdus okyh vki ;g gjdr lekt ds uke ij dj jgs gksaAÞ1 jktuhfrd izo`fr;ksa vkSj fLFkfr;ksa dk inkZQk'k bldk eryc ;g gS fd ;fn ge lekt ds fd;k gSA mUgksaus lkekftd fodkl dh xfre;rk fy, dksbZ dk;Z vius gkFkksa esa ysrs gSa] rks mls dks jksdus okyh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks bu gesa c[kqch fuHkkuk pkfg, mlls eq¡g ugha eksM+uk 'kCnksa esa O;Dr fd;k gS& pkfg,A ^^gj ladV esa
Hkkjr ,d xk; gksrk gS Bhd le; ij
j
Bhd ckl dj ugha ldrh gS jktuhfr ckn esa tgk¡ dgha ls Hkh 'kq: djks chp lM+d ij xkscj dj nsrk gS fopkjkAÞ3 rRdkyhu jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa jkuhfrK lgh fu.kZ; ugha ys ikrs gSaA ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj muds fopkj lgh lkfcr ugha gksrs gSaA j?kqohj lgk; lkekftd ;FkkFkZ ds izfr ,d tkx#d O;fDr FksA os lekt dks oSKkfud rjhds ls le>us ds i{k/j FksA blfy, mUgksaus jktuhfrd LokFkZijrk ,oa folaxfr;ksa dks pqipki ugha ns[kk gS cfYd ml ij viuh rY[k fVIi.kh Hkh djrs Fks A blfy, mudh dforkvksa
Zdå~a - 2017
33
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k esa jktuhfrd psruk iwjh rjg ls eq[kfjr gqbZ gSA ekDlZoknh fparu ekuo lkeurk dks egRo nsrk gSA ;g lekt esa vkfFkZd Lrj ij izR;sd euq"; dks lkekarj [kM+k djuk pkgrk gSA gekjk ekuo lekt ges'kk ls lkekftd] uSfrd vkSj vkfFkZd n`f"V ls oxks± esa gh foHkkftr ik;k x;k gSA tks euq"; ds thou ds la?k"kZ dk dkj.k jgk gSA j?kqohj lgk; tks fd tuoknh ewY;ksa ds izgjh Fks] muls lekt dh ;g fo"kerk ugha ns[kh tk jgh FkhA os ekDlZoknh fopkj/kjk ls izHkkfor FksA bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrs gq, dgk gS fd&ßviuh lkekftd le> dks c<+kus dk igyk volj eq>s ekDlZoknh fe=kksa vkSj fopkjdksa ds laidZ ls feykA ml izkjafHkd vfHkKku us ,d ekSfyd ekuoh; 'kfDr nh gS] tks vkt dke vk jgh gSAÞ4 j?kqohj lgk; dks ekDlZoknh fopkj/kjk us lgh fn'kk dh igpku djkbZ gSA lgh dks lgh vkSj xyr dks xyr dgus dh rkdr j?kqohj lgk; dks ekDlZoknh fopkj/kjk dh otg ls feyh gSA j?kqohj lgk; us lekt esa O;kIr oxZ fo"kerk dks vPNh rjg tkuk FkkA tks ns'k ds lekftd vkSj vkfFkZd nksuksa Lrj gkoh gSA oxZ ds uhps Lrj dh turk dks lkekftd thou esa lgh LFkku ugha feyrk gS] u gh mls vkfFkZd lqfo/k feyrh gSA lÙkk vkSj iwathokn ds dsUæhdj.k ls j?kqohj lgk; O;fFkr FksA j?kqohj lgk; 'kksf"kr turk dks izsfjr djrs Fks fd 'kks"k.k dk fojks/ djsA ns'k ds lÙkk/kjh lekt QSyh fo"kerk lekIr djus ds ctk;] bl fo"kerk dks c<+ok ns jgh FkhA ns'k ds vktkn gksus ds ckn ns'k dks yksdrakf=kd ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA ysfdu ns'k dk ;g yksdra=k dsoy uke dk FkkA Hkkjr dk cqtqZvk yksdra=k yksdra=k ugha yksdra=k dh [kky vks<+s vf/uk;dra=k FkkA og dsoy pqukoksa esa fleV dj jg x;k FkkA yksdra=k ds uke ij lekt ds cy'kkyh] Hkz"V yksx volj dk ykHk mBk jgs FksA lÙkk gfFk;kus dh jktuhfr pykbZ tk jgh FkhA ftls j?kqohj lgk; us vius dkO; esa O;Dr djrs gq, dgk gS& ßgR;k detksj dk lh/s&lh/s gR;k xk¡o&xk¡o gksrh gS dksbZ jksrk ugha gk¡] ekjh ugha x;h rks fo/ko jksrh gS i<+s&fy[ks yksxksa dk tc fny cgyrk gS [kwu fdlh vkSj dk djrk gS vkØe.k
fuj{kj fugRFks ij neu u;s nkSj dk vkt ekSu ns[k jgs gSa tkrk gS 'kkld fgalk ds jkLrsAÞ5 dfork dh bu iafDr;ksa ds ekè;e ls fuEu oxZ dh turk dk tks dh lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls Hkh fupyh ik;nku ij gS] mldh ;FkkFkZ fLFkfr dks O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA ns'k ds 'kkld yksdra=k ds jkLrs u py dj iqathokn ds jkLrs py jgs Fks ftldh otg ls vehj vkSj vf/kd vehj gks jgs Fks vkSj xjhc vkSj vf/kd xjhc gksrs tk jgs FksA iw¡thifr viuh iw¡th ds cy ij fu/Zu vkSj vlgk; turk dk 'kks"k.k dj jgs FksA os vR;kpkj djrs gq, viuh LokFkZiwfrZ esa yxs gq, FksA iwathoknh vkSj lkearoknh lksp dh otg ls 'kksf"kr turk dk thuk nwjHkj gks x;k FkkA bu lc esa iz'kklu mudk lkFk ns jgh FkhA bu lHkh fLFkfr;ksa dks ns[k dj j?kqohj lgk; nq[kh FksA mudk dfo O;fDrRo cksy iM+k] ns'k ds lÙkk/kjh oxks± ds oxZpfj=k dh vlfy;r dh iksy [kksyrs gq, dgk& xk¡o&xk¡o esa fn;k tu tu dks fo'okl usdjke usg: us fd vU;k; vkjke ls gksxk vkejk; ls gksxk ugha rks d÷N ugha gksxk xk¡o dkAÞ6 dfork dh ;s iafDr;k¡ lkearokn] iwathokn vkSj iz'kklu dh feyhHkxr dks n'kkZrk gSA tks feydj vkSj [kqys vke turk dk 'kks"k.k dj jgs FksA j?kqohj lgk; us bl le; ds vanj >kad dj ik;k Fkk fd ,d vksj euq"; ds chp vlkekurk dk fj'rk gS] ftls vf/uk;doknh rkdrsa cjdjkj j[kuk pkgrh gSa vkSj yksdra=k dh vkM+ esa 'kks"k.k dh uhfr pyk jgh gSaA rks nwljh vksj buls la?k"kZ djus okyh rkdrsa Hkh gSa] tks vHkh detksj gSaA j?kqohj lgk; dks fo'okl Fkk fd ;s rkdrsa vkxs pydj etcwr gksaxh vkSj la?k"kZ esa lQy gksaxhA vius bl fo'okl dks mUgksaus vius dkO; ladyu ^yksx Hkwy x;s gSa* esa O;Dr fd;k gS&ßtgk¡ rd ân; dk loky gS] de ls de eq>s n`<+ vkLFkk gS fd yksx U;k; vkSj cjkcjh ds tUetkr vkn'kZ dks ugha Hkwyrs] bfrgkl ds fdlh nkSj esa d÷N yksx vo'; Hkwy tkrs gSa ij mUgsa ;kn djkus ds fy, muls dgha cM+h la[;k esa euq"; thfor jgrs gSaA bUgha ds lkeus vius vkarfjd la?k"kZ dh tkap ds fy, dfo viuh jpuk ykrk gS pkgs jpus ds ,dkar ds chp esa ls mBdj gh D;ksa u vkuk iM+sAÞ7
Zdå~a - 2017
;s iafDr;k¡ lkekftd vlkekurk dks cuk;s j[kus okyh rkdrksa ls voxr djk jgh gSa rFkk muls la?k"kZ djus dh izsj.kk Hkh ns jgh gSA j?kqohj lgk; us viuh dforkvksa ds ekè;e ls lkekftd fo"kerk dk fojks/ fd;k gSA jk"Vª dh ladYiuvksa ds lkFk tqM+h jktuhfrd psruk ,d jk"Vªh; jktuhfrd psruk gSA jk"Vª ds izR;sd O;fDr dk vius jk"Vª ds izfr d÷N drZO; gksrs gSaA lPps jk"Vª HkDr vius mu drZO;ksa dks vPNh rjg ls fuHkkrs gSaA mu O;fDr;ksa esa ,d j?kqohj lgk; FksA mUgksaus vius drZO;ksa dks c[kwch fuHkk;k gSA mUgksaus vius ns'k esa gksus okys vU;k; vkSj vR;kpkj dks pqipki ugha ns[kk gSA ,d dfo gksus ds ukrs fuHkZ; gksdj mldk fojks/ fd;k gSA blfy, mudh dforkvksa esa jk"Vªh; psruk dh vfHkO;fDr ns[kus dks feyrh gSA mUgksaus viuh dforkvksa esa ns'k dh jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh foM+Eckukvksa vkSj folaxfr;ksa dk fp=k.k fd;k gSA os ledkyhu jktuhfrd fLFkfr ls dkQh nq[kh FksA blfy, mUgksaus ledkyhu jktuhfrd fLFkfr dks O;Dr djrs gq, dgk gS& ßck¡/ esa njkj ik[k.M oDrO; esa ?kVrkSy U;k; esa feykoV nokbZ esa uhfr esa VksVdk vgadkj Hkk"k.k esa vkpj.k esa [kksV gj&gIrs eSaus fojks/ fd;k lpeqp Lok/hu gks tkus dk bruk Hk; ,d nkl tkfr esa!Þ 8 bl izdkj j?kqohj lgk; us ledkyhu jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks viuh dforkvksa ds ekè;e ls O;Dr fd;k gSA\ lanHkZ xzaFk 1- j?kqohj lgk; jpukoyh&3] i`0 101] 2-^Hkk"kk* =kSekfld] (1991) Ñ".knÙk ikuhoky] i`0 17] 3- j?kqohj lgk; jpukoyh&1] i`0 139] 4- j?kqohj lgk; dk dfo deZ] i`0 145] 5- Ykksx Hkwy x;s gS] i`0 100] 6- j?kqohj lgk; jpukoyh& 1] i`0 142] 7- j?kqohj lgk; jpukoyh&1] i`0 203] 8- vkRegR;k ds fo#)] i`0 77] 9- j?kqohj lgk; jpukoyh&1] i`0 103] 10- d÷N iÙks dqN fpfê;k¡] i`0 54] 'kks/kFkhZ& fgUnh foHkkx] jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡ph eksckby & 8228881795
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ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV i`"B 6 dk 'ks"k Hkkx ngkbZ ds 'kq: dk okfd;k gS] tc bafnjk xka/h us iqfyl dh fuxjkuh esa jg jgs vius firk ds ?kj ls ,d vge nLrkost dks viuh fdrkcksa ds cLrs esa Nqikdj xarO; rd igqapk;k FkkA bl ngkbZ ds vkf[kj esa vkWDlQksMZ fo'ofo|ky; esa viuh i<+kbZ ds nkSjku os yanu esa vktknh ds leFkZd ny Hkkjrh; yhx dh lnL; cuha vkSj fons'k esa jgdj Hkh Lons'k ds fy, dke djrh jghaA flrEcj 1942 esa mUgsa fczfV'k gqdøer }kjk fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA vkf[kj rdjhcu 243 fnu tsy esa xqtkjus ds ckn mUgsa 13 ebZ 1943 dks fjgk fd;k x;kA lky 1947 ds ns'k ds caVokjs ds nkSjku mUgksaus 'kj.kkFkhZ f'kfojksa dks laxfBr fd;k vkSj ikfdLrku ls vk, yk[kksa 'kj. kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, Hkkstu vkSj fpfdRlk dk bartke fd;kA muds bl dk;Z dks [kwc ljkgk x;k vkSj blls mUgsa ,d ubZ igpku feyhA 1950 dh ngkbZ esa bafnjk xka/h vius firk ;kuh ns'k ds igys ç/kuea=kh iafMr tokgjyky usg: ds futh lgk;d ds rkSj ij dke dj jgh FkhaA lky 1959 os Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl dh vè;{k pquh xb±A ikVhZ ds fy, mUgksaus ljkguh; dke fd;kA 27 ebZ] 1964 dks muds firk dk nsgkar gks x;kA blds ckn os jkT;lHkk lnL; ds :i esa pquh xb± vkSj ç/kuea=kh ykycgknqj 'kkL=kh ds eaf=keaMy esa lwpuk vkSj çlkj.k ea=kh cuhaA lky 1965 dh Hkkjr&ikfdLrku tax ds nkSjku os lsuk dh gkSlyk vQtkbZ ds fy, Jhuxj lhek ds bykds esa xb±A lsuk dh psrkouh ds ckotwn mUgksaus fnYyh vkuk eatwj ugha fd;k vkSj lsuk dk eukscy c<+krh jghaA ml nkSjku ykycgknqj 'kkL=kh rk'kdan x, gq, Fks] tgk¡ lksfo;r eè;LFkrk esa ikfdLrku ds v;wc [kku ds lkFk 'kkafr le>kSrs ij nLr[kr djus ds d÷N ?kaVksa ckn gh mudk fu/u gks x;kA blds ckn 19 tuojh] 1966 dks bafnjk xka/h ns'k dh rhljh ç/kuea=kh cuhaA ml oDr dkaxzsl nks xqVksa esa caV pqdh FkhA lektoknh [ksek bafnjk xka/h ds lkFk [kM+k Fkk] tcfd nwljk :f<+oknh xqV eksjkjth nslkbZ dk leFkZd FkkA eksjkjth nslkbZ bafnjk xka/h dks ^xwaxh xqfM+;k* dgk djrs Fks] D;ksafd os cgqr de cksyrh FkhaA lky 1967 ds pquko esa 545 lhVksa okyh yksdlHkk esa dkaxzsl dks 297 lhVsa feyhaA mUgsa ç/kuea=kh pqu fy;k x;k vkSj os 24 ekpZ] 1977 vius in ij cuh jghaA dkfcys&xkSj gS fd os 1967 esa ç/kuea=kh in ds fy, pqus tkus ds ckn vkf[kj rd çèkkuea=kh cuh jgha] ysfdu 1977 ls 1980 ds chp mUgsa gqdøer ls csn[ky jguk iM+kA mUgksaus eksjkjth nslkbZ dks ns'k dk mi ç/kuea=kh vkSj foÙk ea=kh cuk;kA lky 1969 esa eksjkjth nslkbZ ds lkFk vusd eqíksa ij erHksn gq, vkSj vkf[kjdkj
'kks/ ys[k Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl caV xbZA mUgksaus lektoknh vkSj lkE;oknh nyksa ds leFkZu ls gqdøer dhA blds d÷N le; ckn fQj ls ns'k dks tax dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA lky 1971 esa tax ds nkSjku mUgksaus jk"Vªh; lqj{kk vkSj fons'k uhfr dks ubZ fn'kk nhA urhtru] tax esa Hkkjr us 'kkunkj thr gkfly dhA bl nkSjku ckaXykns'k dks ikfdLrku ls vktknh feyhA njvly] ckaXykns'k dks vktkn djkus esa bafnjk xka/h us csgn vge fdjnkj fuHkk;k FkkA dgrs gSa fd bl thr ds ckn tc laln l=k 'kq: gqvk] rks foi{k ds usrk vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us vius Hkk"k.k eas bafnjk xka/h dks ^nqxkZ* dgdj lacksf/r fd;k FkkA bafnjk xka/h us 26 twu] 1975 dks ns'k esa
^xwaxh xqfM+;k* rd dg fn;k x;k Fkk] fdarq ;g muds lkFk vU;k; FkkA og de cksyus esa fo'okl djrh FkhaA lcdh ckrsa lquus ds ckn viuk er fLFkj djrh Fkha vkSj lcls var esa çdV djrh FkhaA og lnu esa vkdj le; xaokus dh ctk; vius dejs esa cSBdj lÙkk dh pkfc;k¡ ?kqekrh FkhaA mUgksaus pkSng o"kZ rd 'kklu dj fo'o dks peRÑr dj fn;k vkSj fojksf/;ksa dks dbZ ckj iNkM+kA bafnjk th ds lkFk laln esa dbZ ckj dkQh uksd&>ksad gksrh jgrh Fkh] fdarq jktuhfr ds erHksnksa dks mUgksaus O;fäxr laca/ksa esa ck/d ugha cuus fn;kA mudh fueZe =kkln vkSj Øwj gR;k us ,d ,sls O;fäRo dks gekjs chp ls mBk fy;k] ftUgsa ;ksX; firk dh ;ksX; iq=kh ds ukrs
thou dk egRo rHkh gS] tc og fdlh egku è;s; ds fy, lefiZr gksA ;g leiZ.k Kku vkSj U;k;;qä gksA 'kgknr d÷N [kRe ugha djrh] oks egt 'kq#vkr gSA vxj eSa ,d fgald ekSr ejrh gw¡] tSlk fd d÷N yksx Mj jgs gSa vkSj d÷N "kM+;a=k dj jgs gSa] rks eq>s irk gS fd fgalk gR;kjksa ds fopkj vkSj deZ esa gksxh] esjs ejus esa ughaA yksx vius drZO;ksa dks Hkwy tkrs gSa] ysfdu vf/dkjksa dks ;kn j[krs gSaA vius vki dks [kkstus dk lcls vPNk rjhdk ;g gS fd vki vius vki dks nwljksa dh lsok esa [kks nsaA larks"k çkfIr esa ugha] cfYd ç;kl esa gksrk gS iwjk ç;kl iw.kZ fot; gSA ç'u djus dk vf/dkj ekuo çxfr dk vk/kj gSA ns'kksa ds chp ds 'kkafr] O;fä;ksa ds chp I;kj dh Bksl cqfu;kn ij fVdh gksrh gS vkikrdky ykxw fd;kA bldh otg ls mudh ikVhZ 1977 ds vke pquko esa igyh ckj gkj xbZA mUgsa vDVwcj 1977 vkSj fnlEcj 1978 esa tsy rd tkuk iM+kA ysfdu mUgksaus gkj ugha ekuh vkSj tíkstgn djrh jghaA fQj 1980 esa mUgksaus lÙkk esa okilh dhA dkaxzsl dks 'kkunkj dke;kch feyh vkSj 22 jkT;ksa esa ls 15 jkT;ksa esa dkaxzsl ikVhZ dh ljdkj cuhA 14 tuojh] 1980 dks os fQj ls ns'k dh ç/kuea=kh cuha vkSj viuh ftUnxh ds vkf[kj rd Hkkjr&jk"Vª dhA mu fnuksa iatkc esa vkradokn pje ij FkkA mUgksaus iatkc esa vyxkookfn;ksa ds f[kykQ eqfge 'kq: dj nhA bldh otg ls vyxkooknh mudh tku ds nq'eu cu x, vkSj 31 vDVwcj] 1984 dks fnYyh esa muds vaxj{kdksa us gh mudk dRy dj fn;kA mudh vkdfLed ekSr ls ns'k 'kksd esa Mwc x;kA Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us iafMr tokgjyky usg: ls Jherh bafnjk xka/h dh rqyuk djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd vius firk ds foijhr Jherh bafnjk xka/h laln ls nwj&nwj jgrh FkhaA vkjaHk esa rks og bruh pqi jgrh Fkha fd mUgsa
gh ugha] viuh futh ;ksX;rk] d÷'kyrk] fu.kZ; {kerk rFkk dBksjrk ds dkj.k ;kn fd;k tk,xkA njvly] fl;klr dh bl egku vkSj dke;kc 'kf[l;r dks viuh futh ftUnxh esa dbZ xe feys FksA lky 1936 esa mudh ek¡ deyk usg: risfnd ls ,d yEcs vjls rd tw>us ds ckn mUgsa vdsyk NksM+ xb±A ml le; mudh mez egt 18 lky FkhA fQj 'kknh'kqnk ftUnxh esa Hkh mUgsa nq[k feysA 'kknh ds ckn mudh 'kq#vkrh ftUnxh Bhd jgh] ysfdu ckn esa os vius firk ds ?kj vk ubZ fnYyh vk xb±A ns'k ds igys vke pquko 1951 esa os vius firk vkSj ifr nksuksa ds fy, pquko çpkj dj jgh FkhaA pquko thrus ds ckn fQjkst xka/h us vius fy, vyx ?kj pqukA fQj lky 1958 esa mi&fuokZpu ds d÷N le; ckn fQjkst xka/h dks fny dk nkSjk iM+kA bl nkSjku bafnjk xka/h us mudh [kwc f[kner dhA muds fj'rs csgrj gksus yxs] ysfdu 8 flrEcj1960 dks tc bafnjk xka/h vius firk ds lkFk ,d fons'k nkSjs ij xbZ Fkha] rc fQjkst dh ekSr gks xbZA mUgksaus [kqn dks ikVhZ vkSj ns'k ds dke esa
Zdå~a - 2017
35
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
pØ/jiqj lekpkj el:Q dj fy;kA mUgksaus lat; xka/h dks viuk fl;klh okfjl pquk] ysfdu 23 twu] 1980 dks ,d mM+ku gknls esa mudh ekSr gks xbZA blds ckn os vius cM+s csVs jktho xka/h dks fl;klr esa ysdj vkb±A jktho xka/h ik;yV dh ukSdjh esa [kq'k Fks vkSj fl;klr esa vkuk ugha pkgrs Fks] ysfdu ek¡ dks os badkj u dj lds vkSj u pkgrs gq, Hkh mUgsa fl;klr esa dne j[kuk iM+kA Hkkjr jRu ls lEekfur bafnjk xka/h us dgk Fkk& thou dk egRo rHkh gS] tc og fdlh
egku è;s; ds fy, lefiZr gksA ;g leiZ.k Kku vkSj U;k;;qä gksA 'kgknr d÷N [kRe ugha djrh] oks egt 'kq#vkr gSA vxj eSa ,d fgald ekSr ejrh gw¡] tSlk fd d÷N yksx Mj jgs gSa vkSj d÷N "kM+;a=k dj jgs gSa] rks eq>s irk gS fd fgalk gR;kjksa ds fopkj vkSj deZ esa gksxh] esjs ejus esa ughaA yksx vius drZO;ksa dks Hkwy tkrs gSa] ysfdu vf/dkjksa dks ;kn j[krs gSaA vius vki dks [kkstus dk lcls vPNk rjhdk ;g gS fd vki vius vki dks nwljksa dh lsok esa [kks nsaA
larks"k çkfIr esa ugha] cfYd ç;kl esa gksrk gS iwjk ç;kl iw.kZ fot; gSA ç'u djus dk vf/ dkj ekuo çxfr dk vk/kj gSA ns'kksa ds chp ds 'kkafr] O;fä;ksa ds chp I;kj dh Bksl cqfu;kn ij fVdh gksrh gS mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk Fkk] tc eSa lw;kZLr ij vk'p;Z ;k pk¡n dh [kwclwjrh dh ç'kalk dj jgh gksrh gw¡] ml le; esjh vkRek bUgsa cukus okys dh iwtk dj jgh gksrh gSA (ysf[kdk LVkj U;wt ,tsalh esa laiknd gSa)
fxfjMhg ftyk dks csgrj dkuwu O;oLFkk nsus dk iz.k fy;k gS iqfyl v/kh{kd lqjsUæ dqekj >k us fcu; feJ
Hk
kjrh; iqfyl lsok ds rstrjkZj ,oa viuh csgrj dk;Z'kSyh ,oa drZO;fu"Bk ds dkj.k viuh vyx igpku j[kus okys vkbZih,l vf/dkjh lqjsUæ d÷ekj >k us ,d vukSipkfjd HksaV esa dgk gS fd fxfjMhg dh turk dks csgrj dkuwu O;oLFkk rFkk vke yksxksa dks iqfyl ds lkFk csgrj laca/ cukuk gh mudh izkFkfedrk gSA buds inHkkj xzg.k ds ckn ftykokfl;ksa esa uDlfy;ksa dks tks [kkSQ Fkk og dkQh de gks x;k gSA >kj[kaM iqfyl foHkkx }kjk uDlyeqDr >kj[kaM cukus ds fu/kZfjr y{; dks gkfly djus esa lqjsUæ d÷ekj >k us izk.kiu ls yxs gq, gSaA blds vykok fxjhMhg ftyk dks gj izdkj ls vijk/ eqDr djus dh fn'kk esa iz;kljr gSaA lqjsUæ d÷ekj >k ds ekuoh; O;ogkj ls iqfyl ds izfr turk esa fo'okl Hkh c<+ jgk gSA turk iqfyl dks viuk gennZ ekuus yxh gSA mUgksaus turk ls vfiy Hkh djrs gSa fd dkuwu O;oLFkk dks ysdj fdlh izdkj ds lq>ko] lwpuk vkSj f'kdk;r gks rks muls yksx O;fDrxr fey dj viuh leL;k dk lek/ku ik ldrs gSaA xkSjryc gks fd Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok 2010
cSp ds vf/dkjh lqjsUnz d÷ekj >k dh igyh inLFkkiuk xzkeh.k iqfyl v/h{kd jk¡ph ds :Ik esa gqbZ Fkh] rRi'pkr~ 18-10-2014 dks prjk ds ,l ih cuk, x, mudh csgrj dk;Ziz.kkyh ,oa miyfC/ ds QyLo:Ik 27-01-2016 dks mUgsa /uckn dk ,l ih cuk;k x;kA jk¡ph] te'ksniqj ds Ik'pkr~ ojh; iqfyl v/h{kd ds in tc èkuckn esa l`ftr fd, x, rc mUgsa ojh; iqfyl v/h{kd dh tokcnsgh feyh FkhA Jh >k èkuckn esa 30-01-2016 ls 17-07-2016 rd inLFkkfir jgs blds ckn mUgsa 13-01-2017 dks dksMjek ftys dk ,l ih cuk;k x;k rFkk 10 ekg ds Ik'pkr~ mUgsa fxjhMhg ftyk dk iqfyl v/h{kd cuk;k x;k gSA fofnr gks fd dksMjek ftyk esa nl ekg ds dk;Zdky esa gh iqfyl dIrku ds dk;Z'kSyh ls dksMjek ftykoklh brus izHkkfor Fks fd buds rcknyk gksus ds Ik'pkr~ ls yksx dbZ fnuksa rd nqf[kr jgs vkSj budh rck-
Zdå~a - 2017
nyk LFkfxr djus ds fy, lM+dksa ij mrj dj vkUnksfyr jgssA ;g lc lkfcr djrk gS fd Jh >k ds vius drZO; ds izfr fdrus fu"Bkoku gSaA 36
ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV i`"B 32 dk 'ks"k Hkkx cPPks Fks] os cM+s pkykd fudys] os tc cM+s gks x;s vkSj xn~nh ij Hkh pys x;s] rks mUgksaus lkspk& ;s cPPks gh dHkh ;fn vkxs pydj ns'k dks laHkkyus ds uke ij vkxs c<+ vk;s rks cM+k xM+cM+ gksxkA rks mUgksaus lkspk cPPkksa dks my>k, j[kksA mUgksaus mik; fudkyk vkSj dgk& cPpksa] xka/hth us rqe ij Hkkjh cks> Mky fn;k gS] ysfdu vHkh rks ge gSa muds fy,A rqEgkjs rks [ksyus&[kkus ds fnu gSaA rqe fØdsV [ksyks] gkWdh [ksyks] tks pkgs [ksyksA bu lc esa eu u yxs rks fQYe esa pys tkvksA uke gksxk] /u feysxk] v[kckjksa esa Vh0oh0 pSuyksa esa xka/hth ls T;knk ppkZ gksxhA rqEgsa uk;d] egkuk;d dgk tk,xk] eU=kh] eq[;eU=kh vkfn rqEgkjs Lokxr esa nkSM+saxs] rqEgkjh 'kqHkdkeuk ysaxsA cM+h&cM+h dEiuh okys rqels viuk eky cspok,axsA blfy, cPpksa ns'k dh fpUrk er djks] [ksyks&dønksA ns'k dh fpUrk djus ds fy, rks ge gSa ghA**8 turs u tkurk fd turk ds jkt ck ^^gk¡] vkt+knh feyus ds ckn gekjs ns'k esa ckfyx erkf/dkj ij vk/kfjr turU=k vk x;kA ysfdu ,d izflð Hkkstiqjh dfo us viuh ,d dfork esa fy[kk] ^turs u tkurk fd turk ds jkt ckA* turk dks gh irk ugha fd turk dk jkt gSA d÷N fnuksa rks og HkkSapd gksdj ns[krh jghA ysfdu cM+s&cM+s usrk vkSj cM+s&cM+s yksx Hkw[kh&uaxh turk ds njokt+s ij tkdj dgus yxs vki rks ekfyd gSa] ns'k ds HkkX;fo/krk gSa] rks gekjk Hkh HkkX; cuk nhft,A /hjs&/hjs bu ckrksa ls nch&d÷pyh turk Hkh le>us yxs fd ge Hkh d÷N gSa] gekjs gh oksV ls ljdkj curh] fcxM+rh gS rks uax&/M+ax turk Hkh viuk #rck fn[kkus yxhA pquko ds le; usrkvksa us dgk& gs] turk vki bl ckj gesa ljdkj ns nhft,] rks ge vkids fy, og lc djsaxs] ftlls vkids d"V nwj gks tk,axsA ge egaxkbZ dks ekj Hkxk,axs] csjkstxkjh dks rks ,dne u"V dj nsaxsA D;k&D;k ugha dgk\ dHkh dgk lektokn ys vk,axs] lcyksx cjkcj gks tk,axsA dHkh dgk] x+jhch feVk nsaxsA dHkh dgk] rqe gesa ,d lky nks ge rqEgsa u;k Hkkjr nsaxs] lq[kh Hkkjr] mUur Hkkjr] laiUu Hkkjr vkfn&vkfnA ysfdu og dg dj x;s] rks fQj dHkh ugha vk;s] vkSj djus yxs myVkA x+jhch ds cnys x+jhcksa dks gh gVkus yxs] mudh >ksaiM+h mtkM+us yxsA egaxkbZ rks bruh c<+h fd pwYgk BaMk gksus yxkA**9 jk¡ph dk fetkt cgd x;k gS jk¡ph dk fetkt vktdy cnyk gqvk gSA d÷N yksx rks ;g Hkh dgrs gSa fd cgdk gqvk gSA ckr ;g gS fd vc ;g >kj[kaM dh jktèk-
'kks/ ys[k@'ks"kka'k kuh gSA igys ljdkj dk vkjkexkg FkkA vc pkjkxkg cu x;k gSA feyh&tqyh ljdkj gS u] blfy, efU=kx.k iwNrs gSa] crkb, ge dgk¡ pjsaA d÷N foi{kh usrk Hkh f'kdk;r djrs gSa fd muds pjus ds fy, dgha txg ugha cph gSA [kSj] eSa dg jgk gw¡ fd jkt/kuh ds ntsZ ds eqrkfcd cSad YkwV] cykRdkj] jaxnkjh] gR;k] vkRegR;k vkfn dh ?kVuk,¡ gksus yxh gSaA tkudkj yksxksa dk dguk gS fd vesfjdk dh jkt/kuh okf'kaxVu esa nqfu;k esa lcls vf/d MdSrh] gR;k] cykRdkj dh ?kVuk,¡ gksrh gSaA Hkyk D;ksa u gks] vkf[kj HkweaMyhdj.k ds usrk ns'k dh jkt/kuh gS u! lkjh nqfu;k dk vkn'kZ gS u og\ >kj[kaM ds eq[;eU=kh u! mudk vkn'kZ vesfjdk rks gS] ysfdu os ckj&ckj dgrs gSa ge jkaph dks flaxkiqj cuk nsaxsA jk¡ph ds jaxnkjksa dk eu NksVk gks tkrk gSA ;g lqudjA [kSj] tks gks jk¡ph dk fetkt cgdk t:j gSA**10 bl laxzg ds O;aX; esa iwoZ dh rqyuk esa /kj vf/d gS vkSj cksy Hkh vis{kkÑr rh[ks gSaA bl le; rd ys[kd ds vuqHko dk nk;jk O;kid gks pyk FkkA vkSj la?k"kZ dh ifj.kfr vis{kkuq:Ik ugha gqbZA fdarq blls ys[kd dk la?k"kZ vkSj l`tu'khyrk ls fo'okl fMxk ugha gSA mudk l`tudeZ vkt Hkh tkjh gSA vk'kk dh tk ldrh gS fd vkusokys le; esa MkW0 [kxsUæ Bkdqj ikBdksa ds chp dgha vf/d /kjnkj O;aX; ysdj vk,¡ D;ksafd u rks lekt dh vlaxfr;k¡ [kRe gqbZ gSa (cfYd c<+h gSa) vkSj u gh ys[kd dh vk'kk pqdh gSA lanHkZ&xzaFk 1Bkd÷j] MkW0 [kxsUæ& nsg /js dks naM] Hkwfedk va'k] ifjey izdk'ku] bykgkckn 2Okgh] i`0 9 3Okgh] i`0 35 4Okgh] i`0 56 5Okgh] i`0 155 6Bkd÷j] MkW0 [kxsUnz& bZ'oj ls HksaVokrkZ] Hkwfedk va'k] Hkkjrh; KkuihB] ubZ fnYyh 7Okgh] i`0 22 8Okgh] i`0 68 9Okgh] i`0 113 10Okgh] i`0 101 Lkgk;d lzksr 1- tuiFk (if=kdk) % fnlEcj] 2013 vad] la0 vuUr d÷ekj flag 2- www.apnimaati.com : MkW0 [kxsaæ Bkd÷jA 'kks/kFkhZ] fganh foHkkx] jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡phA laidZ % 9771610593
bZesy&mrityunjaykrpramanik143@rediffmail.com
i`"B 24 dk 'ks"k Hkkx dkWfEIyesaV lqudj muds xqykch diksy vkSj Hkh lw[kZ gks x,A paæk lkgc ij dc ls Mksjs M+ky jgh Fkh\ b/j paæk lkgc viuh iRuh dks vk¡[kksa gh vk¡[kksa ls fi, tk jgs FksA yxrk Fkk mudh rfc;r ekuus dks gh ugha vk jgh FkhA paæk lkgc vc mUgsa nwljs dejs esa ys tk dj vius fe=k dks crkus yxsA dksbZ nks lky igys ,d fnu ,d cqf<+;k esjh nqdku ij vius bykt ds fy, vkbZA cq<+kis ds dkj.k mldk ,d jksx Bhd gksrk Fkk rks nwljk mls /j ncksprk FkkA esjk bykt gh og ckj ckj djkrh FkhA esjh crkbZ gqbZ og egaxh ls egaxh nok cM+s bRehuku ls [kjhn dj ys tkrh FkhA blh ls eSa mldh vkfFkZd fLFkfr Hkh vPNh gh le>rk FkkA dHkh ?kj ij Hkh og cqyk ysrh FkhA ges'kk cM+h [kq'kh ls Qhl nsrh jgrh FkhA chp&chp esa vPNh gks tkus ij og vDlj fjD'ks esa eq>ls feyus nqdku vk tkrh FkhA lkFk esa feBkbZ Hkh eq>s ns tkrh FkhA eSa cgqr euk Hkh djrk FkkA bl rjg /hjs /hjs mldk vkuk c<+rk x;kA vc og eq>s csVk dgdj ckrsa djrh FkhA fdlh le; tc ejhtksa dh vPNh [kklh HkhM+ tek gks tkrh Fkh rc Hkh og ;w¡ gh vktkrh FkhA fdlh le; >qa>qykgV Hkh vk tkrh FkhA vius çfr mldk vxk/ Lusg ns[k dj eSa mlls ehBk cksyus ckè; gks tkrk FkkA ^vjs ;s cqf<+;k dk D;k fdLlk crk jgs gks\ eSa rks rqEgkjs jksekal dh dgkuh lquus vk;k gw¡A* fe=k us g¡lrs g¡lrs VksdkA ^cl lqurs tkvksA* MkW0 us cksykA bu nks lkyksa ds vanj cqf<+;k us vius dbZ lkS #i;s bykt esa [kpZ dj MkysA chp chp esa og NksVh NksVh chekjh esa Hkh eq>s ?kj cqykus yxhA ogk¡ eSus lnk mls vdsys gh ik;kA ogk¡ dk gky ns[k dj eq>s dHkh dHkh cqf<+;k dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr ij lansg gksrk FkkA bu ckrksa dks nch tqcku ls eSa mls ljdkjh vLikrky tkus dks Hkh lykg nsrk FkkA ij og esjh ckr dks ln k vulquh djrh jghA ,sls gh ,d fnu 'kke dks cqf<+;k us eq>s cqyok;kA eSa mlds ?kj x;kA uhps vk¡xu vkSj nyku esa ls ,d thuk Åij dks x;k FkkA ;gk¡ Åij dh dksBkjh esa ls eSa lnk mls ns[kus tk;k djrk FkkA vkSj fnuksa dh rjg eSa mlds ikl x;kA mldk gky iqNk vkSj nok fy[k nhA ml fnu Hkh mldh rfc;r gydh lh [kjkc FkhA FkksM+h gjkjr vkSj FkksM+h lh [kkalh FkhA eSa tc mBkdj pyus yxk] mlus esjs gkFk idM+ dj cM+s I;kj ls fcBk fy;kA ^csVk esjh ,d ckr lquA* eq>s cM+h gSjkuh gqbZ dh vkf[kj D;k ckr dgus tk jgh gSA eSa cSB x;k vkSj iwNk] ^vki
Zdå~a - 2017
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ISSN2231-3079
X¥{îQnmV
'kks/ ys[k@'ks"kka'k D;k dguk pkgrh gks\* csVk esjh ,d pk¡n lh csVh gS fcyd÷y rsjs gh yk;dA eSa lqu dj lUukVs esa vk x;kA ^cl ek¡ eq>s {kek djks eSa rks MkWDVj dh gSfl;r ls vki ds ?kj vkrk gw¡A 'kknh rks vius ilan ls gksrh gSA dksbZ tcju rks ugha dh tk ldrhA* eSus dkQh [kjk lk mÙkj nsdj viuh tku NqVkuh pkghA vkSj mBus dk Hkh ç;Ru djus yxkA ij og esjk gkFk idM+ dj cSB x;h] ^csVk mldh vkSj rsjh tksM+h rks jke lhrk tSlh yxsxhA* cM+h [kq'kken ls cqf<+;k cksyh ij vc eq>s cqf<+;k dh pky le> esa vk x;hA mldh pkykdh ij Øks/ Hkh vk x;kA cl vc vki eq>s {kek djsaA vki viuk bykt fdlh vkSj MkWDVj ls djokb,A eSa mldk gkFk >Vd dj tc pyus yxk rc og fQj cksyh] ^csVk rw rks xqLlk gks x;kA esjh ckr eku ysA* ^vki dh ckr eq>s fcyd÷y gh Lohdkj ugha gSA*vc og esjh tsc esa esjh Qhl Bwlus yxhA eSus uksV >Vd dj nwj QSad fn;s vkSj thus esa laHky laHky dj mrjus yxkA v¡/sjk gks x;k FkkA ykyVsu dh jks'kuh esa eq>s lhf<+;k¡ Hkh eqf'dy ls fn[kkbZ ns jgh FkhA blls igys eSa mrj ldø¡ esjs gh ihNs ,d yM+dh tYnh ls vkbZ vkSj >V ls eq>ls igys gh uhps mrjdj pyh x;hA ckgj tkus dk njoktk can FkkA og yM+dh esjk jkLrk jksd dj [kM+h gks x;h vkSj dgk] ^vki Qhl ys dj tkb,xkA* eSa mls ns[kus esa yxk FkkA eSus ml ij vk¡[ksa fVdk;s gq, mÙkj fn;k] ^eSa ugha ywaxkA* b/j esjs iSj ckgj tkus ls budkj dj jgs FksA uk djrs gq, [kM+s jgus dk ,d vPNk cgkuk eSaus <wa< fudkykA ^vHkh rd rks ysrs vk;s gSa rks vc Hkh ys yhft;s uA* iSls nsrs gq, dgkA ml le; lkr ct dj chl feuV gks x, FksA ^lkr ds ckn esjh Mcy Qhl gks tkrh gSA* eSa Hkh MV dj dgkA ^vki csgn ykyph ekywe gksrs gSaA bu chl feuV ds fy, Mcy Qhl ekax jgs gSaA* cM+h #[kkbZ ls mlus dgkA ^nsuk gks rks esjh ukbZV Qhl nhft,A oukZ eSa [kqn gh vki ls Qhl ys yw¡xkA* ^m¶Q! vki Hkh u vthc MkWDVj gSaA FkksM+s ls Vkbe ds ihNs fpd fpd dj jgs gSaA esjh ek¡ rks vki dh tscsa Hkj Hkj dj cckZn gks x;haA* ^vPNk\ vki dh ek¡ rks cgqr iSls okyh gS eSa vHkh viuh ukbZV Qhl muls ysdj gh tkÅ¡xkA* ^esgjckuh djds vc muds ikl er tkb,A vkt gekjs ?kj esa ;gh vk[kjh uksV gSA dy ls bl ?kj dks fxjoh j[k dj ge yksx xqtkjk djsaxsA* ^;fn ;gh ckr Fkh rks eq>s D;ksa cqyk;k\* og rks vki ij yêw gks x;h gSA rHkh rks vki ls gh bykt djk dj mlus lkjs iSls ikuh dh
rjg cgk fn;sA nq%[k gS dh csVh yêw ugha gSA eqLdqjk dj vk¡[kksa esa vk¡[ksa Mkyrs gq, eSus dgk] ^vxj ,slk gksrk rks bl >xM+s dh ukScr gh ugha vkrhA* vPNk ykvks esjh ukbZV QhlA eSus dldj
i`"B 11 dk 'ks"k Hkkx Fkk] ij blds lkFk mUgksaus lkfgR; dh nqfu;k esa Hkh ços'k djuk equkflc le>kA blds ihNs os dkj.k fxukrs fd lkfgR; dk /a/k u djuk iM+s blfy, lekukUrj :i ls viuk iSr`d /a/k Hkh pykuk mfpr le>kA tc os vaxzsth ls ,e-,- dj jgs Fks rks mUgksaus d÷Nsd vaxzsth dfork,¡ Hkh fy[kha] ij mudh ewy igpku fgUnh dforkvksa ls gh cuhA ,e,- djus ds Bhd ik¡p o"kZ ckn o"kZ 1956 esa 29 o"kZ dh vk;q esa mudk çFke dkO; laxzg ^pØO;wg* uke ls çdkf'kr gqvkA vYi le; esa gh viuh ç;ksx/feZrk ds pyrs mUgksaus igpku LFkkfir dj yh vkSj urhtu vKs; th us o"kZ 1959 esa mudh dforkvksa dks dsnkjukFk flag] losZ'oj n;ky lDlsuk vkSj fot;nso ukjk;.k lkgh ds lkFk ^rhljk lIrd* esa 'kkfey fd;kA ;gk¡ ls mUgsa dkQh çflfð feyhA 1965 esa ^vkRet;h* tSls çca/ dkO; ds çdk'ku ds lkFk gh d÷¡oj ukjk;.k us vlhe laHkkoukvksa okys dfo ds :i esa igpku cuk yhA fQj rks vkdkjksa ds vklikl (dgkuh laxzg&1971)] ifjos'k % ge&rqe] vius lkeus] dksbZ nwljk ugha] bu fnuksa] vkt vkSj vkt ls igys (leh{kk)] esjs lk{kkRdkj] vkRet;h vkSj gky gh esa çdkf'kr oktJok ds cgkus lfgr mudh reke Ñfr;k¡ vkb±A d÷¡oj ukjk;.k dk jpuk lalkj bruk O;kid ,oa tfVy gS fd ml ij dksbZ ,d yscy yxkuk lEHko ughaA ;|fi d÷¡oj ukjk;.k dh ewy fo/k dfork jgh gS ij blds vykok mUgksaus dgkuh] ys[k o leh{kkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk flusek] jaxeap ,oa vU; dykvksa ij Hkh c[kwch ys[kuh pyk;h gSA blds pyrs tgk¡ muds ys[ku esa lgt lEçs"k.kh;rk vkbZ ogha os ç;ksx/ehZ Hkh cus jgsA mudh dfork,¡ lgtrk vkSj fopkj ifjiDork ds lfEeyu ls 'kq: gksrh gSaA mudh dforkvksa&dgkfu;ksa dk dbZ Hkkjrh;&fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn Hkh gks pqdk gSA ^ruko* if=kdk ds fy, mUgksaus dokQh rFkk czks[ksZl dh dforkvksa dk Hkh vuqokn fd;k gSA os ,d ,sls ys[kd Fks tks viuh rjg ls lksprk vkSj fy[krk gSA crkrs gSa fd lR;ftr js tc y[kuÅ esa ^'krjat ds f[kykM+h* dh 'kwfVax dj jgs Fks rks og d÷¡oj ukjk;.k ls vDlj bl ij ppkZ fd;k djrs FksA d÷¡oj ukjk;.k u flQZ vke tu ds dfo Fks cfYd mrus gh lgt HkhA vkRet;h esa d÷¡ojukjk;.k th us vxj e`R;q tSls fo"k; dk fuoZpu fd;k rks ogha blds Bhd foijhr ^oktJok ds cgkus* Ñfr esa viuh fo/k;d
Zdå~a - 2017
mlds nksuksa gkFkksa dks idM+ dj viuh vksj [khap dj ckgksa esa tdM fy;kA esjh ckgksa esa vkrs gh og 'kjek x;hA cl eSus Qhl olwyh dj yhA vkxs dh ckr rks vki ns[k gh jgs gksA g¡lrs g¡lrs dgk MkWDVj lkgc usA laosnuk ds lkFk thou ds vkyksd dks js[kkafdr Hkh fd;k gSA ;g Ñfr vkt ds bl ccZj le; esa HkVdrh gqbZ ekufldrk dks u dsoy jkgr nsrh gS] cfYd ;g çsj.kk Hkh nsrh gS fd nks ihf<+;ksa ds chp leUo; cuk, j[kus dk le>nkj <ax D;k gks ldrk gSA ^oktJok ds cgkus* esa mudh d÷Nsd iafä;k¡ blh lgtrk dks n'kkZrh gSa& ^^d÷N bl rjg Hkh i<+h tk ldrh gS ,d thou n`f"V fd muesa fouez vfHkyk"kk,¡ gksa ccZj egRokdka{kk,¡ ugha ok.kh esa dfoRo gks ddZ'k rdZ&fordZ dk ?keklku ugha dYiuk esa bUæ/uq"kksa ds jax gksa bZ";kZ }s"k ds cnjax gknls ugha fudV laca/ksa ds ekè;e ls cksyrk gks ikl&iM+ksl vkSj ,d lqHkkf"kr] ,d 'yksd dh rjg lqxfBr vkSj vdkV~; gks thou foosd---A** lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj] O;kl lEeku] d÷ekj vk'kku iqjLdkj] çsepan iqjLdkj] dchj lEeku] fgUnh vdkneh dk 'kykdk lEeku] esMy vkWQ okWjlk ;wfuoflZVh] iksySaM vkSj jkse ds varjjk"Vªh; çhfe;ks Qsjsfu;k lEeku] in~eHkw"k.k lEeku (2009)] o"kZ 2009 esa o"kZ 2005 ds 41osa KkuihB iqjLdkj] 20 fnlacj 2010 dks lkfgR; vdkneh }kjk egÙkj lnL;rk tSls reke lEekuksa ls foHkwf"kr d÷¡oj ukjk;.k bu ij brjkrs ugha cfYd bls ,d ftEesnkjh vkSj Ì.k dh rjg ns[krs FksA tc mUgsa KkuihB iqjLdkj ls uoktk x;k rks lekykspdksa us ;gh dgk fd ;g flQZ blfy, ugha egRoiw.kZ gS fd ;g ,d ,slh 'kf[l;r dks feyk gS tks okn vkSj fookn ls ijs gS cfYd dfork ds cgkus ;g iwjs lkfgR; dk lEeku gSA fgUnh dks rks ;g volj yxHkx 8&9 o"kks± ckn feyk vkSj dfork dks rks 'kk;n vkSj Hkh ckn esa feykA bu reke iqjLdkjksa&lEekuksa ds ckn Hkh d÷¡oj ukjk;.k vius dks pqdk gqvk ugha ekurs Fks] cfYd u, fljs ls vius ys[ku dks ns[kuk pkgrs Fks vkSj mldh iqulZeh{kk Hkh pkgrs Fks rkfd tks d÷N NwVk gS] mldh HkjikbZ dh tk ldsA funs'kd Mkd lsok,¡ jktLFkku if'peh {ks=k] tks/iqj &342001 eks0& 09413666599 bZ&esy% kkyadav.t@gmail.com
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ISSN2231-3079