Dairy Lab Services 2019 Annual Report by The Dubuque Advertiser

DAIRY LAB SERVICES, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT 2021

Dairy Lab Services Annual Report 2021

Table of Contents District Meeting Agenda 2021...................................................................4 Manager’s Message...................................................................................5 DLS Organizational Flow Chart................................................................6 QCS Samples Unknown Program..............................................................7 What Happens on Test Day..................................................................9-10 USDA Edit Errors....................................................................................11 DNA Mastitis Test Information...............................................................12 Special Tests Submission Form...............................................................13 IL High Milk Herds by Breed & State Averages 2020......................15-17 IA High Milk Herds by Breed & State Averages 2020......................18-21 DLS DHIA High CFP Cows by Breed 2020......................................22-23 DLS Top ECM Herds 2020................................................................24-26 DLS DHIA Herd and Cow Average by Breed.........................................27 Why Are My DHI Test and Milk Payment Results Different............28-29 The Value of DHI Records With Low Milk Prices............................31-32 ICAR-Certified AMS and Sampling Shuttle Combinations....................33 IDDEN, Focus of a New International Network......................................34 NDHIA Comments on the Proposed Implementation of RFID Tags. . .36-38 NDHIA Uniform Operating Procedures.............................................39-46 DLS Bylaws........................................................................................49-54 Interpreting MUN Values...................................................................55-57 Illinois Milk Permit Map.........................................................................58 Iowa Milk Permit Map.............................................................................59 Iowa and Illinois High Lifetime Milk 2020...................Inside Back Cover Regional Map............................................................................Back Cover

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Manager’s Message

Terry Hopper, General Manager

This has been another of those fast changing dairy business years that leaves us all wondering what, where and how this dairy business will look next year. The year 2020 will go down in history as one for the record books with quarantines, PPD deductions that really hurt, milk hauling rates in sparse dairy areas accelerating the decline in those herd numbers and a number of other factors contributing to an overall uneasy feeling. Through the adversity of 2020 there were also a number of good things that happened to bring balance to our lives. Dairy Lab Services experienced lower sample volume than anticipated, yet came through 2020 in pretty good shape to be here for our customer’s needs. With tight margins, now is the time when management information is needed and the DHIA system is here to help our customers define where profit margins are in their dairy herds. Information gained from the milk sample is integral in management, other tests such as milk pregnancy, Johnes, PCR - DNA testing to identify mastitis causing bacteria can all be counted in the aresenal of information to identify the positives and negatives within the dairy herd. Dairy Lab Services is in good shape financially as a result of upgrading equipment over the last decade and having responsible cash reserves to get us through these times that aren’t as good as past years. With the story of the year being Covid-19 and travel being stopped by Governors of IA, IL and WI, there will be no producer District meetings this year, just like the Spring and Fall Technician Conferences, DRMS Annual Meeting and National DHIA Annual Meeting - meeting in person is not a wise option. Hope springs eternal – there is always next year. Thank you to everyone who makes Dairy Lab Services what it is – all DLS lab employees, the DLS Board of Directors, DLS Management, Field Tech’s, route drivers – everyone at all levels pull together to deliver information in a timely manner for our customers. The commercial and management sample business of your lab will continue to benefit your needs and Dairly Lab Services will operate to the best of our ability.

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Meter Center

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WHAT HAPPENS ON TEST DAY There seems to be a grand illusion on test day as to what is actually happening when we take DHIA milk weights and samples. Weights and samples take about 95% of the time that our customers see happen on test day, but is only about 5% of the job needed to make test day happen. (Percentage for illustration purposes only). The ‘job’ is arriving on time, getting the annually calibrated weighing and sampling devices hooked up and ready, having a valid herd code that describes where the herd is located, having ALL cows in the software database with recorded dry, fresh, sold, breeding and preg check dates since last test, Field Techs need their proper documentation, recording of milk shipped weights, making sure ALL of an animal’s I D is recorded correctly (840 or registration numbers with country codes or state coded metal tags) in the database that includes birth dates, sire and dam identification for genetic evaluation, accounting for ALL the cows in a herd AND resolving data edits, having the proper test plan, reported start/stop milking times, having a membership agreement on file, using a certified lab, using a certified processing center, using a certified meter center, and so on. All parts of this process contribute to clean, usable data for genetic evaluations and for end users such as breed associations, CDCB, A I organizations, research, etc. The test day herd information is sent (uploaded) from the farm to the DRMS processing center (Raleigh/Ames). Samples arrive at the lab, the lab goes through many quality control steps to accurately analyze samples for components. When the herd information is received at the processing center, the lab can then get the P97 file (cow’s index, barn name and milk weight) from the uploaded herd information and that file is used to attach the lab results, which creates the hot sheet as the lab files are being sent to the processing center. Dairy Lab Services is a milk analysis lab, not a processing center and there is no herd or cow information on the premises. As a result of test day, the herd statistics are calculated, such as the DHI-202 Herd Summary. Properly identified animals have their information sent to the CDCB for genetic evaluation, the individual cow has a cumulative record calculated according to the Uniform Operating Procedures, herdmates are identified by ‘parity’, after 45 days fresh with 2 test periods then all animals are put on a Mature Equivalent (ME) basis that makes it possible to calculate a ‘difference from herdmates’ that ultimately influences the PTA of individual cows. The ‘Difference From Herdmates’ can only come from having ALL cows in the herd included and tested the same milking(s) on the same day. This makes an ‘apples to apples’ comparison. The ‘grand illusion’ is that some customers think we ‘test cows’ which looks like we take a weight and sample and that’s it, when the reality is that we ‘test herds’ and individual cows get

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their cumulative record as a result, but only in the context of testing the entire herd. Only information collected on a herd basis on test day can meet the many requirements (not just a weight and a sample) that can be ‘official’ and used to calculate individual cow records and, in turn, be used in the production genetic evaluation process. For production information to properly ‘be used by the system’, the process begins with proper identification numbers in the herd’s database that will allow herd data to be used by the CDCB to calculate genetic evaluations and then sent to the many secondary users such as bull studs, breed associations, genetic research, university research, etc. Breed association registered animal identification does NOT flow upstream to DHIA herd databases’ and if such identification numbers mismatch between the processed database and the breed association, that cow is disqualified from genetic evaluations until resolution is made. The registration paper always matches the breed association information because that is who issued the registration paper (makes sense), but provides a very false sense of security when assessing the level of I D in a herd. It only matters what is in the DHIA test day herd database software for production genetic evaluations. Genomic and classification data is gathered, calculated, filtered, handled, distributed and used differently than milk production data. A I organizations and breed associations may be a good primary source of genomic and classification data, but not animal identification and production data used in genetic evaluations. It is possible to genomic test one cow in a herd, it is possible to classify one cow in a herd, it is not possible to just test one cow in a herd (unless it is a one cow herd) with the purpose of ‘just put a record on her’, which is contrary to the 110 year history of the DHIA organization.

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33090003

UNIV OF IL DAIRY HERD

12/17/20

USDA EDIT ERRORS DHI-560

PAGE 1

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------************** COW ************** ****** SIRE ******* ******* DAM ******* BORN CALVED REMARKS HERDCODE INDEX BRD IDENTITY BARN BRD IDENTITY BRD IDENTITY DATE DATE 127 H 840003127751919 USDA Pedigree ===> Error:

BLAZE

H H

62175895 H 61083609 H

Sire identity conflicts with existing USDA pedigree.

14223545 142235645

9/01/16

7/29/20

Dam identity conflicts with existing USDA pedigree.

Action: Circle correct sire and dam identity. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------************** COW ************** ****** SIRE ******* ******* DAM ******* BORN CALVED REMARKS HERDCODE INDEX BRD IDENTITY BARN BRD IDENTITY BRD IDENTITY DATE DATE 1147 H 840003126341147 VIOLET USDA Pedigree ===> H Error:

142978751

Sire identity conflicts with existing USDA pedigree.

840003013295141

3/01/17

9/07/20

Dam identity conflicts with existing USDA pedigree.

Action: Circle correct sire and dam identity. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Supervised DHI

Supervised DHIR

Unsupervised

Supervised Commercial

Sampling Protocol

Supervised DHI test conducted by certiﬁed ﬁeld tech/rep

Supervised DHI test conducted by certiﬁed ﬁeld tech/rep plus adherence to breed association rules

Dairy producer weighs and samples milk on test day

DHI ﬁeld tech weighs and samples milk, but certain aspects of the uniform operating procedures are not followed

All milkings weighed & sampled on test day

DHI

DHIR

DHI-OS

DHI-COMM

Less than all milkings weighed & sampled on test day

DHI-AP

DHIR-AP

DHI-OS-AP

DHI-COMM-AP

All milkings weighed & less than all milkings sampled on test day

DHI-APCS

DHIR-APCS

DHI-OS-APCS

DHI-COMM-APCS

All milkings weighed, but no samples taken on test day

DHI-MO

-----

DHI-OS-MO

DHI-COMM-MO

Less than all milkings weighed & no samples taken on test day

DHI-MO-AP

-----

DHI-OS-MO-AP

DHI-COMM-MO-AP

DHI-OS-AC

-----

DHI-OS-APAC

-----

All milkings weighed, but no samples taken on test day – breed or bulk tank average used

-----

Less than all milkings weighed, but no samples taken on test day – breed or bulk tank average used

-----

DRPCs, AI and AIPL) endorsed the new system. Starting this month, DRPCs began making programming updates – input and output programs, interfaces and associated reports and edits. These updates will be completed by Dec. 31, 2010. During the year,

-----

National DHIA, QCS and DRPCs will foster a cooperative effort to provide educational support to ﬁeld service afﬁliates and industry cooperators regarding the new test plans. These plans will go into effect Jan. 1, 2011. With the dairy producer’s best inter-

ests in mind, National DHIA/QCS took a leadership position to move the milk testing system forward. The revised program provides tailor-made test plans that are available to all dairies – no matter their size, shape, management strategy or business structure. January 2010 WESTERNDAIRYBUSINESS

www.dairybusiness.com

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- 27

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Why are my DHI test and milk pay It has been proven time and time again; you cannot compare apples and oranges. Yet, that is exactly what we are trying to do when we compare component results from DHI tests and milk processors. It is normal for the differences between the two results to vary as much as ±0.2% to 0.3% on a monthly basis for fat. The bottom line is that both of these test results are most likely accurate, yet the milk that is sampled is very different. It is important to remember that these are just samples estimating the milk fat and protein yield in the milk volume measured. While the percentages of nutrients in milk are easy to measure, it is ultimately the yield of each component that is the basis for milk payments to the dairy. Using DHI component test results can help dairy producers manage their herds and make decisions that may positively inﬂuence the results of milk processor component results.

What are you sampling?

For more information about the QC Program and QCS, contact Steven Sievert, manager, QC Program, at 608-8486455, ext. 113, e-mail: sjsievert@ dhia.org, or Jay Mattison, administrator of QCS, ext. 111, e-mail: jmattison@ dhia.org. Or, log on to www.qualitycertiﬁcation. com.

ing – some herds have multiple pickups per day, whereas other herds may only have milk pickups every other day. The composition of each pickup will vary on several factors. In herds with multiple milk pickups, there will be different strings of cows represented in each load. As strings tend to be built on lactation number, reproductive status and/or stage of lactation, it would be expected that the average composition of the milk produced by each string would vary. On the smaller side of the spectrum, herds with every-other-day milk shipments are more sensitive to individual cow events, such as freshening, dry-offs and milk withholding times. The smaller the herd, the larger the impact each cow has on bulk tank milk composition. While milk protein tends not to vary from milking to milking, fat may vary by as much as ±0.6%. Herd management factors, such as feeding times, milking schedules and routine management events, contribute to this variation in milk fat content. The same variation can be seen in SCC content from milking to milking.

When you look at a DHI herd summary and see the herd average for each component, producers are actually looking at the result of many calculations. The DHI milk fat and protein percent- How accurate are DHI results? ages reported start with calculating the amount Choosing a certified DHI laboratory is your of fat (or protein) produced for each cow. From assurance that you will receive accurate and there, the total amount of fat (or protein) is divided reliable component results on each cow tested. by the total pounds of milk produced on test day Each certified DHI lab voluntarily participates in a to provide the average component percentage. monthly quality control process and must demonIn a similar fashion, the herd average SCC is a strate accurate results with low variance. Figure weighted average of all cows on test, rounded to 1 illustrates all instruments (within certified DHI the nearest 1,000. laboratories) that analyze milk fat. All participatIn addition, if dairy producers sample one of the two (or three) milkFigure 1. Performance of certified DHIA laboratories ings, the lab results are converted to analyzing milk fat a 24-hour sample based on milking FAT Comparison frequency and time(s) reported to the DHI field technician. The DHI test day 0.06 average for each component is a true average of every cow on test in the Other Data herd – including cows with both saleMy Data 0.04 able milk and cows with milk used on S the dairy or discarded. D On the other hand, the milk samD ples taken for analysis by the milk 0.02 processor only include saleable milk that was part of that specific pickup. Bulk tank/tanker samples may not represent the entire 24-hour milk 0.00 production for the herd. Each herd is -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 -0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 MD different with respect to milk market-

March 2011 WESTERNDAIRYBUSINESS

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ment component results different? ing laboratories, including those with more than one instrument analyzing milk samples (as in the chart), must fall “within the box,” providing results ±0.04% on both milk fat and protein. For SCC, DHI laboratories operate within 10% tolerance. If a laboratory falls outside these tolerances, National DHIA, through its subsidiary Quality Certification Services, works with the laboratory to identify and correct any issues. While DHI-certified labs pride themselves on accurate results, collecting a quality sample is really the key to getting information on each cow for making management decisions. As with forage testing, the key to accurate results starts with collecting a representative milk sample – both on DHI test day and by the milk hauler. DHI field technicians receive training in proper sample collection and handling prior to conducting herd tests. Whether it is the DHI technician or dairy producer conducting an unsupervised test (formerly known as Owner-Sampler), there are a few key points to remember. First, adequate mixing is paramount to obtaining a representative milk sample. Minnesota DHIA technicians evaluated the composition of milk over time during milking. Table 1 clearly illustrates that the first third of the milk leaving the udder was the lowest in fat and SCC content, and the highest in MUN content. Furthermore, the last milk leaving the udder was the highest in fat and SCC. To ensure that we are measuring the composition of the entire quantity of milk produced by the cow, all milk must be sampled. Meter manufacturers recommend at least 5 seconds of mixing in the flask prior to obtaining the sample. As milk in the meter cools down quickly, it is recommended that this mixing time be doubled in cold milking parlors/barns. If a sample is undermixed, the resulting milk sample will be lower in milk fat content. If you are using a meter that has an interchangeable flask that pulls out, this milk should be inverted at least

Table 1. Distribution of components over milking time (Courtesy of Minnesota DHIA) Cow with 45 pounds of milk (milking approximately 90 pounds daily) Last 11 pounds milk

Milk fat (%)

MUN (mg/dl)

6.03

SCC 722,000

Middle 19 pounds milk

3.63

252,000

First 15 pounds milk

1.65

188,000

twice before placing it in the sample vial. For those dairies using on-farm electronic meters, it should be noted that using the manufacturer’s sampler designed for use with the meter is important, as well. This combination of meter and sampler, known as a coupled system, has been tested to give proper sampling of milk for laboratory analysis. There is no research to ensure accurate results using a sampler from a different manufacturer or from a third-party vendor (known as uncoupled systems). These uncoupled systems can provide milk samples to test for antibiotic residue, ELISA for Johne’s disease, milk culturing or even spot SCC checks, but cannot be used for DHI component testing. In addition to mixing, proper sample collection and handling is also important. Immediately after mixing, sample vials should be filled, capped and inverted to mix with the preservative. It is recommended that sample vials be filled no more than 80% full. Overfilling sample vials may result in fat being lost in the cap, which is removed after reheating in the lab. As with undermixed samples, overfilled sample vials may also contribute to lower milk fat content in DHI samples.

Other sources of variation As mentioned earlier, the two main sources of variation between DHI and bulk tank component tests are the cows or groups of cows being measured and the collection of samples. While one does not expect these two tests to be identical, a dairy observing major differences (>0.5%) between the two results

should investigate other potential sources of variation. Improper milk cooling may contribute to a large difference between DHI and payment samples. Both excessive agitation and insufﬁcient volume of milk in the tank when cooling begins may contribute to lower butterfat content in the payment samples. Other areas to review with your management team include ration changes, feeding times, weather changes, group/string changes, seasonality and routine onfarm management practices that may affect dry matter intake, milk production and milk composition. Each of these external factors has the ability to inﬂuence DHI and payment results on a daily basis.

The bottom line Both DHI and payment laboratories provide consistent and accurate results for dairy producers. However, these results will not be identical every month. DHI results, both for individual cows and groups/strings of cows, provide essential management information for the dairy management team in many areas. Evaluating ration/diet changes with respect to milk production and composition, identiﬁcation of high SCC cows to treat or remove from the saleable milk, or concentrating on the economics of the production cost of milk solids are just a few examples of the potential impact that using DHI results may have on bulk tank composition and potential dairy proﬁtability. Large differences between the two sample results should be reviewed, but with proper milk handling and sample collection procedures, it is likely that both results are accurate. March 2011 WESTERNDAIRYBUSINESS

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Wednesday November 4 2020 Efficient dairy data exchange the focus of a new international network The largest ever international dairy data partnership was launched in October 2020. It brings together milk recording organizations and national databases across 13 countries. The International Dairy Data Exchange (iDDEN) represents approximately 200,000 dairy herds, 20 million dairy cows. The new organization is aimed at streamlining data exchange among dairy herds, milk recording organizations and dairy equipment manufacturers as well as other dairy related organizations. iDDEN was established to operate as a non-profit organization by seven groups providing dairy data services in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands and the United States. The Managing Director of iDDEN, Reinhard Reents of vit (Germany), is enthusiastic about the opportunities iDDEN brings to simplifying data flow and enabling improved data-driven decision-making. “iDDEN will deliver data exchange services that seamlessly integrate on-farm dairy equipment and devices plus software with national dairy information systems and databases. iDDEN is founded on strong principles of data governance and autonomy and consent for data sharing.” Reents said two-way flow of data between farm management software and milk recording organization databases is key, particularly as the volume of data available on-farm increases and systems move to cloud-based solutions. “This will provide industry databases with access to a range of data currently not captured. iDDEN has the potential to reduce the costs of data integration by having one solution to connect multiple individual onfarm systems and dairy equipment data sources.” iDDEN purchased the Nordic Cattle Data eXchange (NCDX) platform and is investing to enhance the functionality of the software including integration with cloud-based systems. iDDEN will integrate the International Committee for Animal Recording Animal Data Exchange (ICAR ADE) guidelines and standards where possible. Kevin Hasse, National DHIA Vice-President, said the launch of iDDEN is a great example of international industry collaboration among milk recording organizations and equipment and software organizations. Jay Mattison, National DHIA CEO, adds the establishment and operation of iDDEN provides an exciting platform for future innovation, technology and service development. “iDDEN has brought together dairy industry organizations and major equipment manufacturers across Europe, North America and Australia to focus on solving data integration challenges”. “Ultimately iDDEN is about supporting data exchange for data-driven decisions and innovative industry services that benefit dairy herd managers and their industry organizations.”

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Comments on the APHIS Docket-2020-0022 Regarding the proposed implementation of Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) as official eartags for use in interstate movement of cattle Submitted on behalf of the members, users and organizations of the National Dairy Herd Information System The National Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHI System) appreciates the opportunity to provide these comments relative to USDA’s APHIS proposed implementation of Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) as official eartags for U.S. dairy cattle. As a part of this process, National DHIA strongly supports the need for premise and animal identification as a foundation for an Animal Disease Traceability (ADT) system to safeguard the national dairy and livestock herds and flocks. The DHI System works with over 65% of the animals in dairy herds in the United States in on-going efforts to provide information for management, decision making and animal health screening for these herds. This system includes 25 state and regional organizations, 42 milk component laboratories and 4 dairy data computing centers.

At the National DHIA Annual Meeting in March 2020, the delegates took action and approved the attached resolution in support of the 840 identification system. This resolution supports the overall efforts and solidifies the opportunity for RFID technology by the Animal Disease Traceability system.

Technology The DHI system supports the RFID technology as the best opportunity to assure consistency throughout the dairy industry infrastructure. At the present time, Low Frequency (LF) technology should be the preferred technology. Future technology developments should continue to be monitored. As new technologies become available and evaluated by the animal health, livestock production and commerce chain, these technologies should be implemented as expediently as possible.

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Eliminating manual identification, such as National Uniform Eartagging System (NUES) will be a key part of the RFID implementation of a modern identification system for Animal Disease Traceability (ADT) and animal identification for event and location recording. The NUES system retirement will also eliminate duplicate animal ids, as the current NUES system can reuse or recycle NUES identification. Numbering System The RFID technology should include the “840 system” of Country Code 840 (USA ISO Code) and the 12 digit (numeric only) Animal Identification Number (AIN). This provides a one-time use unique 15 digit (numeric only) AIN for electronically entering and recording into ADT and management systems in the livestock industry. The use of Manufacturer code three digit (98X, 99X etc.) in place of the 840 should also be phased out. The DHI System recommends these official tags be matched sets of an RFID button and a dangle tag with the 840 AIN numbering system. This will provide backup identification in the event of loss or malfunction of an identification device. Allocation of Official RFID Tags The allocation of 840 RFID tags is key to the implemention of an enhanced ADT system. This requires having a premise identification associated with the 840 AIN devices. This will require a national allocation system (perhaps by commodity or species group) for the assignment of 840 devices to entities and individuals who will be identifying and applying the identification devices to the animals. Identification Applied at Birth Animal identification should occur as closely as possible to the birth of animals to enable the bookends of a traceability system and management of the animals. Events could be recorded (such as vaccination) based on the applied identification, rather than identification for the livestock production system and ADT occurring at the time of vaccination. Animal identification at the time of vaccination could be several months from birth. Installing official RFID at birth could reduce the opportunity of several alternative forms of identification that may have been previously installed and then carried through the system as identification cross references. As a supplement identification for vaccination an orange metal tag, zip tie or hole punches in 840 dangle tags are examples to indicate vaccination has occurred. Potential Benefits This reduction in identification devices, entering multiple identification into data systems and cross referencing the multiple identifications would be a benefit to livestock producers, animal health agencies and commerce channels. Reduced cost and overhead on the individual systems would allow for allocation of resources to support the effort. Species Standards and Implementation While the DHI System recognizes the advantages of having a universal, well-defined identification program, we strongly feel that the reality of different management styles and species issues will necessitate flexibility. Certain standards and common issues for identification can be addressed across species; however, some species-specific standards and operations must be considered for effective implementation. If species or sub-species commodity groups are ready to implement RFID technology, the flexibility should be allowed to have this implementation occur on shorter time frames based on commodity and animal health readiness.

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The current timeline proposed of metal tags discontinuance on January 1, 2022 and RFID as the only official identification pursuant to documentation requirements for the traceability of livestock moving interstate beginning January 1, 2023 is fully supported by the DHI System and should not be delayed. Funding The DHI System supports appropriate federal budget allocation for animal identification and support infrastructure to be considered and provided. It is vital to develop and maintain the infrastructure for safeguarding the health of the national herds and flocks to ensure market access for animal agriculture products. Funding should supplement the implementation because much of the system is already in place and needs a direction for solution. Summary During its 120-year history, the DHI System has been involved in premises and animal identification in the role of providing dairy data and animal information. This includes a close and collaborative involvement since the early 1950’s with the DHI System as an authorized distributor of NUES tags as part of the Brucellosis Eradication Program with USDA-APHIS. The DHI System, partnering with other dairy and livestock industry cooperators and animal health agencies, advocates implementation of 840 animal identification and RFID technology as official identification on a short timeline. These current data and a long history of a wellproven data collection system, utilizing an extensive field force that is in place, provide a solid starting place for contributing to the ADT livestock management systems. National DHIA encourages the adaptation of existing infrastructure, including the DHI System, to avoid duplication of efforts and resources. The current DHI system is voluntary, producer driven, utilizes producer governance, and has the trust and confidence of the herd and flock owners and managers. Utilizing these resources and building on the producer trust for a simple, modern technology solution, such as RFID technology and 840 AINs, will benefit animal health agencies in safeguarding the health of the national livestock herds and flocks while meeting the needs of dairy herds and their herd management systems.

Sincerely Allen Chester President National DHIA

Elizabeth Straw Chair National DHIA ID Task Force

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Jay Mattison CEO NDHIA

NATIONAL DAIRY HERD IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM UNIFORM OPERATING PROCEDURES Effective March 5, 2020

CODE OF ETHICS PURPOSE This Code of Ethics provides guidelines for appropriate conduct in the production, collection, and distribution of DHI information for all individuals and organizations involved with these data. UNETHICAL PRACTICES A. B. C. D.

Impairing the reliability of DHI data. Not cooperating or interfering in the use of the Uniform Data Collection Procedures to record DHI data. Intentionally providing inaccurate data or withholding necessary data resulting in misrepresentation of DHI information. Engaging in management practices with the intent of misrepresenting the performance of individual animals and/or the herd. Among these practices, but not limited to, are the movement of animals between herds, influencing the relative performance of herd mates, and/or the selective use of management techniques in an effort to bias DHI data. Management practices on test day should be representative of normal practices used on other days. Permitting the collection of supervised data by a technician with a direct financial or family interest in the herd being tested without notification to and consultation with the field service auditor. Any practice defined as fraudulent or unethical by the Board of Directors of National DHIA.

E. F.

REMEDY Any person, corporation, or other entity violating this Code of Ethics may be subject to action by an injured party.

UNIFORM DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES PURPOSE The purpose of these procedures is to provide the framework for a uniform, accurate system that will enhance data reliability. The uniform records and data thus provided are used for: x x x x

Making farm management decisions Genetic evaluation of cows and sires Educational programs and research The promotion and sale of animals AUTHORITY

These Uniform Data Collection Procedures have been developed and adopted under the direction of National DHIA for use in DHI programs and data flow in the industry.

RESPONSIBILITY DHI service providers, DHI personnel, and dairy herd owners, as well as persons in their employ, are individually and collectively responsible for adherence to these Uniform Data Collection Procedures. These basic and minimum standards are to be uniformly followed throughout the DHI program. They serve to ensure that DHI data will provide the accuracy, uniformity, and integrity essential to all segments of the dairy industry. All DHI service providers - field service affiliates, laboratories, meter centers, and dairy records processing centers (DRPCs) - must maintain certification by Quality Certification Services to verify compliance with these Uniform Operating Procedures and the guidelines for their specific service area. To participate in the DHI program, a dairy producer must agree in writing (membership or service agreement as applicable) to conform to these Uniform Data Collection Procedures and Code of Ethics. DEFINITIONS

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DAIRY HERD is defined according to the following principles that are generally appropriate for herds enrolled in the DHI program: x x x

All cows of one breed, housed or managed under a single management system, regardless of individual cow ownership or location Farms with two or more locations with all dairy data recorded and held in one farm management system Farms with two or more distinct breeds may calculate and report either a composite herd average or a separate herd average for each breed

In general, herd codes should be assigned in accordance with the principles stated above. However, it is recognized that legitimate exceptions may exist that warrant assignment of separate herd codes. For example: x x x

A herd owner may operate separate units under separate management systems, with no movement of cows between these management units. If two groups of cows are housed together but with different ownership, management goals, and with no movement of cows from one ownership group to the other; one owner may wish to participate in the DHI program and the other owner may not. Farms with two or more distinct breeds may enroll one breed in the DHI program and not the other(s).

DHI Field Service Affiliates shall only assign herd codes from state/county lists allocated by National DHIA in order to prevent duplication among service providers. In so far as possible, herds should be assigned herd codes designating the state/county location where the herd resides. TEST is defined to be the entire process of information collection at the farm, and may include some or all of the following: weighing of milk during the milking process, electronic collection of milk weights, collection of milk samples, and collection of other data. Since the actual testing of milk samples does not occur at the farm, this procedure should be labeled as the laboratory test. TEST DATE is defined as the 24-hour period during which data is recorded and milk sampled. Herds recording daily milk yield on the dairy are permitted to use longer intervals (most commonly 5, 7, or 10 days) to estimate 24-hour test-day production if accurately labeled. In situations where it is not feasible to record data or sample in one 24 hour-period, the test date shall be the date of the completion of the data collection for the designated strings, pens or lots of the herd or for the whole herd. DHI TECHNICIAN and equivalent terms such as supervisor, tester, independent service provider, etc. defines persons certified by the DHI Field Service Affiliate responsible for data collection that meets the standards described in the Uniform Operating Procedures. DHI SAMPLE TAKER and equivalent terms such as technician assistants, sample technicians, helpers, etc. defines persons supervised by and responsible to the DHI Technician, and ultimately to the DHI Field Service Affiliate, that assist in data collections on farms. DHI Sample Takers should be trained by the DHI Field Service Affiliate in a fashion equivalent to the DHI Technician for the job functions they perform such as recording milk weight information and collection of representative milk samples. DHI SERVICE PROVIDERS are quality-certified organizations that provide one or more services, including: x x x x

FIELD SERVICE AFFILIATE is defined as an organization that collects data and/or samples on dairy farms and arranges delivery of DHI reports to the dairy producer. LABORATORY is defined as a facility that analyzes components and performs animal health diagnostic screening. DAIRY RECORDS PROCESSING CENTER (DRPC) is defined as an organization that provides electronic processing of DHI data using approved procedures and rules for calculations. METER CENTER is defined as the entity that repairs and checks calibration of recording devices that weigh and/or sample milk. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES

COLLECTION OF MILK WEIGHTS AND SAMPLES

The milk yield of individual cows is to be measured at the time of milking with a minimum of interference to the normal routine. Milk samples must be representative of all milk taken from the cow during the measured milking. All measuring, recording and sampling devices must be used strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions at all times. Data for each test day for each herd must be labeled using the following categories to identify the degree of supervision used in data recording: A.

SUPERVISED TEST: All test day production data and cow identification has been recorded by the DHI technician who is expected to collect data as accurately as possible and to use approved procedures when taking milk samples. The DHI technician may employ assistants to perform these tasks when the facilities or milking processes do not permit a single DHI technician to observe identification, milk weights, and sample collection as they occur. (Supervision Code 1)

UNSUPERVISED TEST: Test day production data and/or cow identification has been recorded by someone other than the DHI technician. (Supervision Code 2)

PARTIALLY SUPERVISED TEST: The DHI technician collected production data and/or cow identification information for at least one milking on test day and someone else collected production information and cow identification for other milking(s) on test day. The DHI technician certifies that the test day information is believed to be correct and accurate. (Supervision Code 3)

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VOLUNTARY MILKING SYSTEM TEST: Test day production data and/or cow identification has been recorded by a voluntary milking system. Milk has been sampled using an automatic sampling device certified to provide representative samples when used with the voluntary milking system. (Supervision Code 4)

SUPERVISED ELECTRONIC TEST: The DHI technician performed a supervised test using the electronic recording of production data and cow identification together with appropriate verification that equipment for cow identification, weighing milk, and obtaining milk samples is in proper operating condition and is accurate. (Supervision Code 5)

UNSUPERVISED ELECTRONIC TEST: Test day production and cow identification has been collected using electronic recording and is submitted for processing without verification by a DHI technician. (Supervision Code 6)

PARTIALLY SUPERVISED ELECTRONIC TEST: The DHI technician performed a Supervised Electronic Test, but cow identification was manually entered by farm employees. (Supervision Code 7)

STANDARD EQUIPMENT A.

DHI FIELD SERVICE AFFILIATE OWNED EQUIPMENT All equipment that is owned, leased, or used by DHI Field Service Affiliates, including independent service providers receiving their certification from the DHI Field Service Affiliate, and used for collection of DHI milk weights and/or samples: x x x x x

x x

Measuring or recording devices, including associated samplers and integrated software programs, must be of a model, type, and version approved by International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) and accepted by National DHIA for use in DHI programs. Measuring or recording devices must be in proper working condition when in use. Measuring or recording devices must be checked for accuracy at least once every 365 days using an approved method. New and returned-toservice measuring or recording devices must be checked for accuracy before being used in the DHI program. Portable meters must have a durable label/tag affixed to each device stating the date accuracy was last checked and the meter center that performed the inspection. Fixed (in-place) electronic meters/devices must have a record of accuracy verification on file at the dairy and in the office of the DHI Field Service Affiliate. Checks of device performance and accuracy produced by the milking system software and/or by DHI software may be used to verify the accuracy of these devices as an alternative to device calibration. Voluntary milking systems must be checked for accuracy at least once every 365 days using an approved method. New and returned-toservice voluntary milking systems must be checked for accuracy before being used in the DHI program. Measuring or recording devices (portable, fixed, or voluntary milking systems) that are out of tolerance must be removed from DHI service and be repaired and checked for accuracy before returning to DHI service.

PRODUCER OWNED EQUIPMENT The accuracy of all producer owned measuring or recording devices and samplers used in the collection of milk weights and/or milk samples or other data is the joint responsibility of the DHI Field Service Affiliate and the dairy producer. It is required that DHI dairy producers owning their own equipment follow the same guidelines for verifying device accuracy as DHI Field Service Affiliates. The DHI Field Service Affiliate is responsible for appropriately labeling records from herds using devices that do not comply with the guidelines for DHI-owned equipment.

RECORDING PROGRAMS

The DHI program offers a variety of supervised and unsupervised test plans to meet the management needs of the individual dairy producers. A list of the type of test codes and plan descriptions is available from the National DHIA office and at www.dhia.org. The users of the data will determine the off-farm use of data from these programs. 4.

METHODS FOR CALCULATING LACTATION RECORDS:

Lactation totals and lactation-to-date totals must be calculated using an ICAR-approved method.

The Test Interval Method (TIM) is currently used to calculate DHI lactation and lactation-to-date totals. The test interval (number of days from the previous test day through the current test day) is divided into two equal portions. Production credits for the first half of the test interval are calculated from the previous test day information, and those for the second half of the test interval are calculated from the current test day information. The totals for the two portions of the test interval are added to obtain the interval totals. Production totals from the first day of the lactation until the first test day are based on the first test day information; and production totals for the interval from the last test day until the record is terminated are based on the last test day information. In either case, an approved regression factor shall be used to accurately estimate actual milk production for the current test day. The next test interval begins on the following day. DRPC are permitted to adjust credits for the test interval based upon average lactation curve effects; provided such adjustments more nearly reflect daily production and have been approved by National DHIA.

The Best Prediction Method is used for prediction of lactation totals from completed test days as a correlated response. Best Prediction produces more accurate genetic evaluations and may be used for DHI record calculations.

COWS TO BE TESTED A.

All dairy cows in the herd with the same herd code, which have ever calved, will be enrolled in DHI. Dairy cows may be removed from DHI only when they leave the herd permanently. Dairy cows used as embryo recipients and those bred to beef bulls are to be included.

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Dairy cows in designated strings, pens or lots of a herd with one or more locations, all enrolled under a single herd code, may be tested with differing frequencies and/or differing supervision levels, provided all cows within the designated strings, pens or lots are recorded and/or sampled on the test date.

Cows classified as Dry Donor Dams may be permanently assigned to a separate Dry Donor String in the herd or to a separate Dry Donor Herd. No data on the Dry Donor Dam will be included in herd average or management information. Dry Donor Dams that later calve will be returned to the milking herd and a 365-day dry period with zero production data will be applied against the herd average in the current test interval. For Dry Donor Dams that were out of the milking herd for less than 365 days, the dry period will be the actual number of days the Dry Donor Dam was out of the herd with zero production data applied for that period.

IDENTIFICATION A.

All cows must be identified with a unique number for genetic evaluations. Unique identification consists of an official USDA Animal Identification Number (AIN) ear tag, National Uniform Eartagging System (NUES) tag, or breed association registration number.

For a supervised test, the DHI technician must be able to visibly identify the cow quickly and accurately during the milking process. All visible identification must be in place on the cow prior to the beginning of the milking and be visible from several feet or accurately scanned and displayed by an electronic identification reader. Visible identification must be cross-referenced to permanent identification if the data are to be used in genetic evaluations.

For systems relying on simultaneous automatic recording of animal identification and measured data, a validation or verification of animal identification system performance is required on an ongoing basis.

MILK SHIPPED MEASUREMENTS

Milk shipped weights shall be recorded (data for shipments immediately prior to date of test) indicating the number of milkings (or days) included in each shipment. If the milk shipped weights do not contain a complete day’s production, the DHI technician shall report the best estimate of each day’s milk shipped. If milk shipped weights are not available, the fact that they cannot be obtained and the reasons why should be reported in writing to the DHI Field Service Affiliate. Milk shipped weights for appropriate days may be used as verification of the accuracy of production credits of the herd. 8.

COWS IN MILK

The lactation record begins on the calving date. Data will be used for record calculation for cows after the fourth day, counting the day of calving as the first day. 9.

DRY COWS

The dry date is the first calendar day the cow is not milked. Cows coded dry on test day will have their production credits projected forward from the previous test day, using the previous test day production data and approved National DHIA estimation procedures. 10. COWS LEAVING THE HERD The calendar day the cow leaves the herd counts as the last day in the herd, with production being credited for that day. 11. COWS ENTERING THE HERD Any lactating cow entering the herd will start receiving production credits in the new herd on the calendar day following the last day of credits in the former herd. 12. COWS THAT ARE SICK, INJURED, IN ESTRUS OR ABNORMAL Actual production should be recorded on test day for all cows that are sick, injured, in-estrus, or otherwise abnormal, and subsequently be coded with a Condition Affecting the Record (CAR). The milk weight will be adjusted by the DRPC for cows so coded if the percentage decrease in total daily pounds of milk from the previous test day exceeds the percentage obtained with the following formula: Percent = 27.4 plus 0.4 x days in the previous test interval. (As an example, for a 28-day test interval: Percent = 27.4 + (0.4 x 28) = 38.6%, and the test day weight will be adjusted if the decrease is more than 38.6%) If the first test day is coded as abnormal, the succeeding test day will be used to calculate the record. 13. COWS ABORTING OR CALVING PREMATURELY A cow beginning her lactation 30 or more days prior to the expected due date, whether in milk or dry, will be coded as starting the subsequent lactation with an abortion. When a breeding date is available, a cow beginning her lactation less than 30 days prior to the expected due date will be considered a normal calving.

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If a cow aborts the pregnancy while in milk and has carried a calf less than 152 days, her current record will continue without interruption. If a breeding date is not available, and the cow aborts the pregnancy while in milk for less than 200 days, her current record will continue without interruption. Except for the specific situations above, the current record will end and a new lactation will begin. 14. COWS CALVING WITHOUT GOING DRY If a cow calves without a dry period, the record will end on the day immediately preceding the calving and the new lactation will begin on the day of calving. 15. PREPARTUM MILK Prepartum milk will not be counted as part of the lactation and it will not be included in the lifetime production record. 16. COWS MILKED MORE THAN TWICE PER DAY Herds or cows normally milked more than twice per day will follow the same milking routine on test day. Lactation records obtained by milking cows more than twice per day for all or part of the lactation will be labeled according to National DHIA procedures. Herd averages, where some or all of the cows are milked more than two times a day, will be so labeled. The number of times the herd is milked daily will be rounded to the nearest whole number. 17. MISSING MILK WEIGHTS AND/OR SAMPLES When complete milk weights or samples are not obtained on test day or are lost, the missing data will be estimated by the DRPC for the test period spanned using procedures outlined below. All estimated or missing data will be appropriately labeled. Only actual data will be sent for use in genetic evaluations. Reasons for lost or missed milk weights and/or samples will be recorded by the DHI technician. All adjustments to production credits will be made by the DRPC with routine programming. Exceptional cases should be referred to the DHI Field Service Affiliate.

18.

First Test Day Weights or Samples Missed x Missing milk weights and component percentages shall be calculated in the succeeding test interval by appropriate factors and procedures approved by National DHIA. Records having first test day more than 90 days after calving are not used in genetic evaluations. x If the milk sample is missing or cannot be tested by a quality certified laboratory, the percentage of each component for the succeeding test day will be used.

Cows Missed For One or More Intervals During the Lactation After the First Interval x Missing milk weights and component percentages shall be calculated based on the previous milk weights and component percentages using appropriate factors approved by National DHIA. x The milk weights and component percentages may be held open and later computed as described in the Test Interval Method. x If the sample is missing or cannot be tested by a quality certified laboratory, component data will be estimated according to National DHIA procedures. x For herds weighed more than once daily and one milk weight is missed, AM/PM factors may be applied to the remaining weight(s) and component analysis to calculate test day yield. This yield shall be considered an actual yield.

New Cows Entering The Herd x A cow purchased in milk with transfer credits will have production credits computed through the sale date in the previous (seller's) herd. The cow’s production credits will start the next day in the current (purchaser's) herd, using test day data from the succeeding test. The Test Interval Method is required in making these computations. Dry cows will accumulate days on test in the previous (seller's) herd through the sale date and will start on test in the current (purchaser's) herd the next day. x A cow entering the herd while in milk without previous production credits may have her record computed back to the calving date for management purposes. If the cow has no known calving date as of the first test date, the cow will receive credits for the current test interval only. The DRPC may extend the record back to the fresh date for management purposes only. Only actual data will be used in genetic evaluations.

STANDARD CALCULATIONS A. Days Carried Calf = current sample date - effective breeding date +1 B. Days Open = effective breeding date - previous calving date C. Gestation Days = resulting calving date - effective breeding date D. Days Dry = next calving date - dry date E. Calving Interval = next calving date - current calving date F. Days in Milk = dry date - previous calving date, or = left herd date - previous calving date + 1, or = current test date - previous calving date + 1 G. Assumptions x The day of calving is an open day, a day in milk, and not a dry day. x The day of breeding is a day carried calf. H. Calculation of Ages of Cows (Truncation Method)

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From the year, month, and day of the calving date, subtract the year, month, and day of the birth date. If the days are positive, discard. If the days are negative, add -1 to months. Then, if months are positive, use years and months as age of the cow. If months are negative, add 12 months, and add -1 to years. Use the resulting years and months as the age of the cow. I. Adjusting Records to 24 Hours When milk that is weighed is from an interval other than 24 hours, the recorded weight shall be adjusted to a 24-hour interval using approved AM/PM factors or the following procedure approved by National DHIA when AM/PM factors are not appropriate: Divide 24 by the interval (measured in hours), then multiply by the total milk recorded during the interval. Examples: x For a 25-hour interval, (24/25) x 65 lbs. = 62.4 lbs. test day weight x For a 20-hour interval, (24/20) x 65 lbs. = 78 lbs. test day weight x For a 168 hour (7-day) interval (24/168) x 525 lbs.= 75 lbs. test day weight J. Adjusting Milk Weights to a Verifiable Source Acceptable adjustment procedures are as follows: x If the DHI Field Service Affiliate has verifiable source for both milk shipped and milk not shipped, the test day milk weights are adjusted at the herd level to sum of both milk shipped and milk not shipped. x If the DHI Field Service Affiliate has verifiable source for milk shipped but cannot account for milk not shipped, the test day milk weights are adjusted at the herd level to 102.8% of the milk shipped weights. x In the absence of both milk shipped and milk not shipped, the DHI Field Service Affiliate shall not adjust the test day milk weights. The normal application of both the 24-hour adjustment and AM/PM adjustment factors by the DRPC shall apply. x Test day milk weights adjusted at the dairy should not be further adjusted by the DRPC or other entity. The DRPC may recalculate a test day milk weight using the raw milk data if changes in the parameters used in the calculation of the adjusted test milk weight warrant such recalculation. 19.

VERIFICATION TESTING

DHI Field Service Affiliates will conduct verification tests to verify the performance of cows and herds at the request of either a dairy producer member or allied industry representative. DHI verification tests will be performed based on pre-existing terms agreed to among the DHI Field Service Affiliate, the allied industry representative, and the herd owner. Verification test may be based on situational terms agreed to among all parties. DHI verification tests requested by the dairy producer will include the entire herd. Acceptable verification procedures are as follows: x A different DHI technician conducts a duplicate test immediately following the regular test. x A different DHI technician tests the herd for one milking, in addition to the regular testing schedule. x A different DHI technician tests the herd using the normal and routine testing schedule (i.e. no additional milkings). All verification test results will be used in computing credits except under extraordinary circumstances, in which case the DHI Field Service Affiliate will determine which test(s) will be used. 20. RETESTING AT THE DAIRY PRODUCER'S REQUEST If a dairy producer is not satisfied with the regular testing of the herd, a retest may be requested. Such a request shall be made within 15 days of the original test day and be directed to the DHI Field Service Affiliate. The member is responsible for the cost of the retest unless otherwise determined by the DHI Field Service Affiliate. Retest data will be used in place of the test day data for which dissatisfaction has been registered when an obvious discrepancy exists. Data from both tests may be used if no discrepancy exists in the judgment of the DHI Field Service Affiliate. 21. PRODUCTION REPORTS DHI lactation records of 305 days or less will be computed as required by National DHIA policies. All DHI records used in genetic evaluations must be processed at a quality-certified DRPC. Electronic herd summary reports and cow lactation records will carry record standards variables to describe the conditions under which the records were collected. 22. YEARLY AVERAGES Herd and Field Service Affiliate yearly averages will be computed on a cow-year basis. These will be summarized and transmitted as required by National DHIA policies. A herd must have DHI production credits for 365 days before a DHI herd average is published. 23. TRANSFER OF HERD DATA Herds choosing to transfer service and herd data to a different DHI Field Service Affiliate are required to sign an intent-to-transfer form provided by the new DHI Field Service Affiliate.

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A. B. C.

The current DHI Field Service Affiliate must approve the transfer of the herd data within 15 days of receipt of the intent-to-transfer form provided the herd is in good financial standing. The current DRPC subsequently transfers the herd data using current Standard Transfer Formats (STF). Any cost associated with the transfer is the responsibility of the herd owner requesting the transfer.

24. TRANSFER OF INDIVIDUAL COW DATA Transfer of individual cow data to new owners shall be accomplished within 10 days of notification from the buyer containing the herd and cow ID of the cow being transferred. This is best accomplished by STF exchange between the DRPC(s) servicing the buyer and seller or by sending a copy of the individual cow page. 25. PROCEDURES SPECIFIC TO VOLUNTARY MILKING SYSTEMS A.

Test day milk weights are obtained as 24-hour yields obtained from the voluntary milking system software. The average 24-hour milk yield reported should represent a minimum of three consecutive days and not to exceed ten consecutive days. There will be no application of AM/PM factors on milk yields.

Lactation milk yield totals and lactation-to-date milk yield totals may be calculated using test day milk weights using either the Test Interval Method or Best Prediction Method or by using summation of the 24-hour milk yields obtained from the voluntary milking system software.

The milking frequency of lactation records from cows milked with voluntary milking systems for all or part of the lactation will be labeled as 3 unless documentation can be provided that the cow is not milked more than twice daily.

Milk samples shall be obtained using ICAR-certified and National DHIA accepted voluntary milking system-sampling device combinations for at least one of the milkings during the test day. There will be no application of AM/PM factors on milk component results unless milking times for individual cows are obtained from the voluntary milking system software and milking intervals are computed.

Data obtained from voluntary milking system software may not be used in genetic evaluations unless the system meets ICAR and National DHIA/Quality Certification Services standards for on-farm, in-line analyzers or sensor device systems as applicable.

26. DATA COLLECTION RATING This index reflects the accuracy of the estimated lactation total. The Data Collection Rating is based on the number of test days, degree of test day supervision, and completeness of data collected on each test day.

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NATIONAL DAIRY HERD IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM UNIFORM OPERATING PROCEDURES Effective March 5, 2020

NATIONAL DHIA DISCLOSURE AND USE POLICY PURPOSE National DHIA has developed policies that govern the access, use and disclosure of data, and other information, it receives from National DHIA Members and DHI program participants and those policies are incorporated into and are part of these Uniform Operating Procedures. POLICY A.

INDIVIDUAL DATA DISCLOSURE AND USE

With respect to individual data, National DHIA has implemented a coding system consisting of three levels of disclosure and use, which are designated by numbers 1, 2 or 3: CODE

PERMITTED DISCLOSURE

PERMITTED USE

Data remains within the DHI system only and does not go beyond the DRPC

Data can be used by Field Service Affiliates, Laboratories and DRPCs to create new management tools and benchmarks.

Data flows from the DRPC to CDCB and AGIL but does not go beyond CDCB or AGIL

Research, management benchmarks, and the calculation and distribution of genetic and genomic evaluations

Data flows from the DRPC to CDCB and AGIL may then flow to any authorized recipient.

The specific purpose identified in the third-party license agreement entered between National DHIA and the authorized recipient

All coding preferences of National DHIA Members and/or DHI program participants must be honored. Copies of this coding system and election forms may be obtained from DHI Field Service Affiliates. B.

PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

National DHIA receives requests from third-parties for the names, addresses and/or other contact information (“Personal Identifying Information”) for its Members and/or DHI program participants. This includes requests for Personal Identifying Information that National DHIA and or its agent affiliates receive following the publication of the official evaluations published by the CDCB. It is the policy of National DHIA and/or its agent affiliates to disclose the Personal Identifying Information of its Members and/or DHI program participants only for the purposes of possible participation in breed improvement or genetic programs by its Members and/or DHI program participants. To that end, National DHIA and its agent affiliates will only disclose Personal Identifying Information to a third-party if the third-party executes an agreement in writing governing the use of the Personal Identifying Information received. That agreement will provide, among other things, that (a) use of the Personal Identifying Information is expressly limited to contacting Members and/or DHI program participants about possible participation in breed improvement programs and genetic programs and may not be used for broader sales or marketing purposes by that third-party; (b) any third-party receiving the Personal Identifying Information may not give or sell the Personal Identifying Information to any other person and/or entity; and (c) the third-party must terminate use of and or delete such Personal Identifying Information immediately upon your request or the request of National DHIA and/or its agent affiliates. All National DHIA Members and/or DHI program participants are provided the opportunity to and can elect out of any disclosure of personal identifying information and such individual decisions to opt-out of such disclosure must be honored. Opt-out forms may be obtained from DHI Field Service Affiliates. C.

SUMMARY DATA DISCLOSURE/PUBLICATIONS

National DHIA and DHI Providers may, from time-to-time, publish summary information compiled from herd and/or cow data gathered from its Members and/or DHI program participants through the DHI Program for the purposes of industry recognition, including, but not limited to, lactation data record(s) and genetic evaluation values on an animal basis and herd or herd group aggregated summary production data. All National DHIA Members and/or DHI program participants are provided the opportunity to and can opt out of any such disclosure/publication and such individual decisions to opt-out of such disclosure must be honored. Opt-out forms may be obtained from DHI Field Service Affiliates.

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AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF DAIRY LAB SERVICES, INC. ARTICLE I: MEMBERSHIP SECTION I. ELIGIBILITY. All producers of agricultural products (individuals, firms, partnerships, corporations, or associations) shall be eligible to become voting members of this corporation. In every case following the adoption of these Bylaws, any producer becomes a member when the following three conditions have been met: A. The producer has on file a valid membership agreement with the corporation. B. The producer has purchased products or services from the corporation. C. The producer receives written notification of membership and a copy of these Bylaws. No producer shall hold more than one membership. Employees of this corporation or its service affiliates shall be eligible for membership, if they meet the criteria for membership, but no employee of this corporation or its service affiliates shall be eligible to serve as delegate or director. SECTION II. TRANSFERABILITY. Membership shall not be transferable. SECTION III. TERMINATION. Membership in this cooperation shall terminate if any of the following events occur: A. The member dies. B. The member ceases to be an agricultural producer. C. The member has become ineligible for membership. D. The member has failed to purchase products or services for a period of at least 120 consecutive days. E. The Board of Directors or its authorized representative finds that the member has violated any Bylaw, policy, or procedure of the corporation. SECTION IV. DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES. Disciplinary procedures in those matters not covered in any way by the NCDHIP Rules (Article IX) shall be administered according to policies determined by the board of directors. Disciplinary procedures in those matters covered by Article IX shall be dealt with as follows: The general manager or designee shall investigate any alleged infractions and shall utilize the following procedures if it appears an infraction has been committed. A. Identify the infraction and submit proposed sanctions in writing to the accused member by certified mail. The proposed sanctions shall be final unless the member submits a written request for appeal within 10 days of receiving the proposed sanctions. The request for appeal must be accompanied by a check in the amount of $500.00. Failure by the member to accept certified notice shall render the proposed sanctions final. B. On timely request for appeal the accused member shall select, within 30 days from the date of that request, three persons from the eleven person Hearing Panel elected by corporate members. The three persons selected shall not include anyone from the same membership region as the accused. The three person panel, within 30 days of the date of selection, will schedule and hold a hearing on the matter. Either or both may be represented by council. The panel will submit a written decision to both parties, and that decision may reaffirm, negate, or modify in any way the previous decisions. If the panel finds for the accused, the $500.00 deposit shall be returned. In the absence of appeal by either party, after a period of 15 days from the date of the written decision, the finding of the panel shall become final. C. Either party may, during the 15 day period, appeal the ruling to the corporation board of directors. The board of directors shall review only the evidence presented at the hearing, and it shall issue its determination based thereon. Neither the members of the hearing panel, the board of directors, officers, nor employees of the corporation or its service affiliates shall become personally liable for decisions rendered or put into effect as provided for in these Bylaws.

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ARTICLE X: FIELD SERVICE AFFILIATES Any local association providing field services at the time these Bylaws become effective shall be eligible to continue as a service provider, providing all of the following conditions are met. A. The association must execute a written contract with this corporation, and it must adhere to the terms of that contract. B. The association must meet or exceed all standards set by this corporation, NDHIA, NCDHIP, applicable statues, or other regulatory agencies. C. The association may not contravene member’s rights and obligations under these Bylaws. D. This corporation shall not stand responsible for the operations or actions of the local association. It shall determine only whether the local association meets the requirements to serve as field service provider.

. Combinations or mergers of local associations are considered continuing local associations in the context of these Bylaws. The corporation may authorize, by written contract, other legal entities to provide services. Any such authorization would be at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors, and it must be deemed to be in the best interests of the corporation.

ARTICLE XI: LIMITS OF LIABILITY The corporation itself provides a range of services to members or clients directly or through its Field Service Affiliates. It also engages or facilitates on behalf of its members or clients additional services procured from agencies external to the corporation. Where choice of that agency external to the corporation rests with the member or client, the corporation cannot be held liable for the acts, errors, or omissions of that external agency. This bylaw provision does not abridge in any way whatsoever the member’s or client’s right to seek satisfaction or redress from the external agency, nor does it preclude the corporation from rendering assistance to the member or client where it is feasible to do so.

ARTICLE XII: AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS These Bylaws may be amended by majority vote of the delegates assembled at an annual meeting or special meeting of the corporation, provided the proposed amendment has been adopted by resolution of the board of directors and such amendment or a summary thereof is published with the notice of meeting.

ARTICLE XIII: EFFECTIVE DATE The effective date of these Amended and Restated Bylaws shall be March 25, 2011. These Amended and Restated Bylaws supersede the original Bylaws of the Corporation and all amendments thereto.

A Publication of Dairy Lab Services, Inc.

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SECTION III. DUTIES OF THE VICE PRESIDENT. In the absence of the president, the vice president shall perform the duties of the president. SECTION IV. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY. The secretary shall record all votes and keep minutes of all meetings, have general charge of the books and records of the corporation, sign necessary papers for the corporation, and keep other records authorized by the board of directors of these Bylaws. The board may delegate a portion of the duties to an employee of the corporation. SECTION V. DUTIES OF THE TREASURER. The treasurer shall perform those duties with respect to finances which are prescribed by the board of directors. The board may delegate a portion of the duties to an employee of the corporation. SECTION VI. REMOVAL OF OFFICERS. The board of directors may remove from office any officer when it deems the best interest of the corporation is best served thereby.

ARTICLE VI: DUTIES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SECTION I. GENERAL MANAGER. The board may select, employ and fix the compensation of a general manager. The board is also empowered to discharge the general manager. SECTION II. BONDS AND INSURANCE. The board of directors shall require all officers, agents and employees of this corporation, who are responsible for any of its funds or property, to give bonds. The cost of said bonds shall be paid by the corporation. The board shall provide for insurance of this corporation’s property, or property which may be used in the possession of the corporation. In addition, the board shall provide for insurance covering liability for accidents to all employees and the public. SECTION III. FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY. The board of directors shall install and maintain an adequate system of accounts and records. At least once each year the financial records of the corporation shall be audited and a report of the audit shall be made to the members at the annual meeting of the members. SECTION IV. DEPOSITORIES. The board of directors shall select the depository or depositories for the corporation and shall designate those persons who have authority to sign checks and other instruments.

ARTICLE VII: FISCAL YEAR The fiscal year of this corporation shall begin the first day of January and end the last day of December.

ARTICLE VIII: INDEMNIFICATION Each director, officer, agent, or employee of the corporation, now or hereafter serving as such, shall be indemnified by the corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Iowa. Such indemnification may include, but not necessarily be limited to, all claims and liabilities including reasonable settlement to which such person has or shall become subject by reason of serving or having served in such capacity, or by any reasons of any action alleged to have been taken, omitted, or neglected by such person shall be indemnified against, or be reimbursed for any expense incurred in connection with, any claim, or liability arising out of the person’s own willful misconduct or gross negligence. The board of directors may purchase, at its discretion, insurance to provide for such indemnification.

ARTICLE IX: INCLUSION The current version of the National Cooperative Dairy Herd Improvement Program Rules (effective January 1, 1989) shall be considered an integral part of these Bylaws. Any changes in these rules or standards, including change of title, shall be considered integral to these Bylaws. No formal action to amend Bylaws shall be required.

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regions and directors. In the absence of such an amendment, the redistricting committee will reorganize existing regions to comply with these bylaws. SECTION III. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. A director may be removed for cause by a majority vote of the delegates from the region which the director represents at any annual or special meeting of the region. The resulting vacancy shall be filled by election with the delegates of the region voting. Any director who becomes ineligible to be a member shall cease to be a director at the same time. SECTION IV. FILLING VACANCIES. Except for the first board of directors, any vacancy on the board of directors shall be filled by appointment by the board of directors. Candidates for appointment shall be limited to elected delegates from the region in which the vacancy occurs. Duration of the appointment shall be until the next annual or special meeting of the region, at which time the delegates from the region shall elect a director. When a vacancy leaves a term of office incomplete, the election shall be for the remainder of the unfulfilled term only. SECTION V. MEETINGS OF DIRECTORS. The board of directors shall meet as follows: A. The annual meeting of the board of directors may be held immediately following the Annual Meeting of the corporation without further notice, but it must in all cases be held not later than ten days after the annual meeting. B. The board of directors shall meet from time to time as deemed necessary by the board of directors. Meeting for purposes of this bylaw is defined as a physical gathering of the directors at a specific geographical location, or simultaneous communication between the directors without gathering at a specific geographical location, so long as the other requirements for meeting are adhered to. C. The president may call additional meetings at any time and shall do so upon request by a majority of the directors. SECTION VI. NOTICE OF MEETING. Advance notice of all regularly scheduled directors meetings shall be mailed to each director not less than ten days prior to the meeting date, or a meeting may be held on written waiver signed by all of the directors. SECTION VII. QUORUM. A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum at any and all board meetings, but a lesser number may adjourn to another time upon giving notice to the absent directors of the time and place of the adjourned meeting. Matters before the board shall be decided by a majority vote of the directors present. SECTION VIII. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. Any action required or permitted by Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws, or statute may be taken by the board of directors, providing a consent in writing, setting forth the action is signed by all directors entitled to vote on such action. SECTION IX. COMPENSATION. Directors shall not receive any salary for their services, but the board of directors may authorize a fixed sum for the time actually spent on business when approved by the board. Directors shall also be reimbursed for expenses necessarily and actually incurred while on business authorized by the board. All compensation and expense reimbursement shall be in accord with applicable statues. SECTION X. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. The board of directors may designate 4 or more directors to serve as an executive committee. The executive committee shall have only those powers permitted by law and expressly delegated to it by the board.

ARTICLE V: OFFICERS SECTION I. ELECTION. The directors, at their annual meeting, shall elect a president, a vice president, a secretary, and a treasurer. The offices of secretary and treasurer may be assigned to one individual at the discretion of the board. Only the office of treasurer may be held by a person who is not a director, if the board deems it appropriate. The board may set compensation for officers who are also directors. SECTION II. DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT. The president shall preside over all meetings of the corporation and the board of directors, perform all duties normally assigned to a presiding officer, and discharge other duties as may be prescribed by Bylaw or by the board of directors.

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9. Delegates shall vote in place of and for members on all questions that require membership approval at special, regional, and annual meetings of the corporation. Voting at district meetings shall be done by the membership of the district. SECTION II. REGIONAL MEETINGS. The delegates from each region shall meet after the district meetings to elect a hearing panel member. Every third year they shall also elect a director and a redistricting committee member. All elections shall be by ballot and shall require a majority of ballots cast. If more than one ballot is required to reach a majority, the succeeding ballots shall be limited to the two candidates who received the highest number of votes on the previous ballot. A majority of the delegates elected from a region shall constitute a quorum. Attendance by and Alternate when a delegate is absent shall be counted as attendance of a delegate for purposes of determining a quorum. Regional meetings may be held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the corporation, if the board of directors deems it appropriate to do so. SECTION III. ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE CORPORATION. Only delegates duly elected at District Meetings shall be eligible to vote at the Annual Meeting or any special Meeting of this corporation. In any case where the delegate is absent, the Alternate must vote instead. A. The Annual Meeting shall be held not later than 180 days after the end of the fiscal year. The time and place of the annual meeting shall be set by the board of directors. More than one annual meeting may be held if the board of directors deems it appropriate to do so. B. Written notice of the annual meeting shall be prepared by the secretary and mailed to the last known post office address of each delegate and alternate not less than 15 days prior to the date of meeting. In lieu of mailed notice the notice may be published in the corporations newsletter not less than 15 days prior to the meeting date. Failure of any delegate or Alternate to receive the notice shall not invalidate any action, which may be taken by delegates at the meeting. C. Attendance of at least a majority of the total voting delegates shall constitute a quorum of any annual or special meeting. Attendance of an Alternate when the delegate is absent shall be counted as attendance of the delegate for purposes of determining a quorum. In the event a delegate quorum is not present, matters before the delegates will be decided by a majority vote of delegates present. SECTION IV. SPECIAL MEETINGS. A special meeting of a district, a region, or the corporation may be called by the board of directors or the president. Special meetings may be held at multiple locations and times but yet be considered a single meeting, when the Board of Directors deems it appropriate to do so. A special meeting of a district, region, or corporation shall be called upon receipt of a written petition signed by 20% of the voting constituency of the district, the region, or the corporation. The voting constituency of a district is the members of record; the voting constituency of a region is the delegates from that region; and the voting constituency of the corporation is the delegate body of the corporation. Notice of time, place, and the purpose shall be in accord with the provisions for an annual meeting. No business shall be considered at a special meeting expect as stated in the notice of the meeting. SECTION V. VOTING BY PROXY. There shall be no voting by proxy at any district, regional, annual, or special meeting.

ARTICLE IV: DIRECTORS SECTION I. QUALIFICIATIONS. Except for the first board of directors as specified in the plan of merger, the board of directors shall consist of eleven (11) directors, one elected from each region at the annual regional meeting. The term of office shall be 3 years. At the first election of regional directors, regions 1, 4, 7, and 10 shall each elect a director for a three year term. Regions 2, 5, 8, and 11 shall elect a director for a two year term. Regions 3, 6, and 9 shall elect a director for a one year term. Thereafter all terms shall be for three years. A. Only members in good standing shall be eligible to serve as directors. If a delegate is elected as director, that person loses delegate status and is replaced by an Alternate. B. No person shall be eligible to serve as director whose spouse, sibling, offspring, or parent is employed by the corporation or one of its service affiliates. C. No individual may serve more than four consecutive three year terms as director. There shall be no limit to the total number of terms or years that individual may serve as director, so long as consecutive term requirement has been met. D. A director must be a member within the region where he or she serves as director. SECTION II. ADDITIONAL DIRECTORS. If the territory served by this corporation is enlarged by consolidation, merger, acquisition, or other means, these Bylaws may be amended to include additional

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ARTICLE II: REGIONS AND DISTRICTS SECTION I. REGIONS. The territory of the corporation shall be divided into eleven (11) regional areas, each containing approximately one-eleventh (1/11) of the total membership. Any region that does not vary more than 25 percent in its membership from one-eleventh of the total membership shall be deemed to have the satisfied the requirements of these Bylaws. SECTION II. DISTRICTS. Each Region shall be divided into districts within the region. The geographical area of a district shall not be smaller than a county, and its boundary lines shall conform to the county lines. A district shall include 50 or more members but shall not include more than 350 members. SECTION III. INITIAL REGIONS AND DISTRICTS. The initial boundary lines of regions and districts shall be determined by procedures set forth in the plan of the merger. SECTION IV. REDISTRICTING OF REGIONS AND DISTRICTS. At the third regional meetings held subsequent to the merger the delegates in each region shall elect one member from their region as member of a redistricting committee. That committee shall, in the year of its election only, redistrict the territory and establish regions and districts as described in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article, if the committee deems such redistricting necessary and desirable. It shall utilize membership roles as of the most recently concluded calendar year. The report of that committee shall be filed with the Secretary at least 90 days prior to the next district meetings, and in the absence of fraud and/or gross arbitrary action the report of the committee shall be final. If two board members are in the same region upon redistricting, the new regions will have an election to elect new board members. No member of the Board of Directors shall be a member of the redistricting committee. SECTION V. VOTING RIGHTS. Each member shall have voting rights only in the district in which the member’s principle agricultural operation is located. Questions of assignment to districts shall be resolved by the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE III. MEETINGS SECTION I. DISTRICT MEETINGS. A. Members of each district shall hold an Annual District Meeting, at a time and place set by the Board of Directors. Notice of the Annual District Meetings, and any Special District Meetings, shall be mailed to each member in the district not less that fifteen (15) days prior to the meetings, or they may be published in the regular publication of this corporation and sent to the membership not less than 15 days prior to the first district meeting. B. More than one district may be combined to hear reports, but each district must meet separately to elect delegates. C. Each district meeting shall be conducted by a chairperson in which the district is located, or a designate. D. A quorum shall consist of 10% of the members eligible to vote in the district, not to exceed 50. E. Delegates and their responsibilities. 1. Delegates shall be elected by the members at each Annual District Meeting. There shall be one delegate for each 50 members or a major fraction thereof. 2. Alternates shall be elected to serve if the delegate is unable to serve. There shall be one Alternate for each three delegates with a minimum of one Alternate per district. The qualifications for an Alternate shall be the same as those for delegate. 3. Delegates and Alternates shall serve for one year, or until the next Annual District Meeting, whichever comes first. 4. A delegate must be a member eligible to vote in the district in which elected. A delegate who loses eligibility shall cease to be a delegate and will be replaced by the elected Alternate. In the event no eligible Alternate is available, members in the district may meet to name replacements. 5. Delegates shall keep informed on the affairs of the corporation and shall serve as a communication link with the members of the district. 6. At their respective regional meetings, the delegates shall elect the members of the redistricting committee and the Hearing Panel. There shall be one committee member and one panel member from each region. The term of office shall be three years for redistricting committee members and one year for hearing panel members. 7. At their respective regional meetings, the delegates shall elect the board of directors. 8. A delegate shall have one vote on each question.

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- 55 -

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- 56 -

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- 57 -

Grade A and Manufacturing Farms Jo Daviess 34/1

ROCKFORD REGION 154 - Grade A 11 - Manufactured ----------------------165 - Total Farms

Stephenson 64/7

Carroll 10/1

Jan 2021

Winnebago Boone 12/0 14/2

Ogle 6/0

Kane 3/0

DeKalb 5/0 Whiteside 9/1

Lake 1/0

McHenry 23/3

DuPage 0/0

Lee 0/0

BELLWOOD REGION 0 - Grade A 0 - Manufactured ----------------------0 - Total Farms Cook 0/0

Kendall 1/0 Rock Island 6/0

PEORIA REGION 34 - Grade A 10 - Manufactured ----------------------44 - Total Farms

Mercer 1/0

Adams 10/1

Brown 2/1

Mason 0/0

Pike 2/2

Morgan 0/0

Scott 0/0

EDWARDSVILLE REGION 139 - Grade A 5 - Manufactured ----------------------144 - Total Farms

Calhoun 0/0 Jersey 0/0

Ford 0/0

De Witt 0/0

Macon 0/0

Sangamon 0/2

Moultrie 12/0

Montgomery 4/0

Madison 8/0

Fayette 8/0

Bond 10/0 Clinton 64/1

Effingham 20/0

Monroe 3/0 Randolph 9/0

ILLINOIS TOTALS 480 - Grade A 40 - Manufactured ----------------------520 - Total Farms

Perry 2/0

Jackson 11/3

Jefferson 3/0

Franklin 0/0

Edgar 0/0

Clark 1/0

Crawford 1/0

Richland Lawrence 1/0 3/2 Wabash 1/0

Wayne 2/2

Edwards 0/0 Hamilton 0/0

Williamson 0/1

* Plants based on geographic location, not who inspects the facility Source: Illinois Department of Public Health, Division of Food, Drugs and Dairies

White 0/0

MARION REGION 61- Grade A Saline 0/2

Johnson Pope 0/0 0/0 Massac Pulaski Alexander 0/0 0/0 0/0 Union 0/0

- 58 -

Jasper 8/0

Clay 1/0

Marion 0/0

CHAMPAIGN REGION 62 - Grade A 1 - Manufactured ----------------------63 - Total Farms

Coles 1/0 Cumberland 7/0

St. Clair 6/0 Washington 30/0

Vermilion 1/0

Douglas 18/0

Shelby 6/0 Macoupin 3/0

Champaign 2/0

Piatt 0/0

Christian 0/0

Greene 0/0

30 - Grade A 3 - Manufactured ----------------------33 - Total Farms

Iroquois 2/0 McLean 5/1

Logan 2/0

Menard 0/0

Cass 0/0

Kankakee 2/0

Woodford 0/0

Tazewell 4/0

Schuyler 0/0

WEST CHICAGO REGION

Livingston 7/0

Peoria 1/0

Fulton 1/1

Grundy 0/0

Marshall 2/0

Knox 0/0

McDonough 0/4

Will 2/0

La Salle 2/0 Putnam 0/0

Stark 0/0

Henderson Warren 2/1 1/0

Hancock 1/2

Bureau 3/0

Henry 0/0

Gallatin 0/0 Hardin 0/0

10 - Manufactured ----------------------71 - Total Farms

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Dairy Lab Services, Inc. 5105 Wolff Road • Dubuque, IA 52002-2564

NON-PROFIT U.S. POSTAGE

PAID

PERMIT NO. 13 DUBUQUE, IOWA

563-557-7421