Child Psychology dulce Amezquita #2
First Part Approaches in psychology
Cognitive Approach
Cognitive approach, refers to mental activities such as o o o o
Thinking Remembering Learning Usage language.
For Piaget, children are born with a very mental structure (inherited, which all learning and knowledge is based. 3 basic components o Schemas: building blocks of knowledge. o Processes that enable the transition for one stage to another. o Stages of development: Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational
Behavioral Approach Based on the concept of explaining behavior through observation, and in the belief that our environment is what causes us to behave differently. Have 3 main stages: Classical Behaviorism: It holds that observable behaviors are the only phenomena a psychologist should be concerned with. Methodological Behaviorism: It claims that psychology should concern itself with the behavior of organisms. Psychology should not concern itself with mental states or events or with constructing internal information processing accounts of behavior. Radical Behaviorism Employs what is known as experimental analysis of behavior it also holds that environment is the primary cause of behavior.
Biological Approach
Cross Cultural Approach
It looks at our genetics to build a reason as to why we act the way we do and why we develop abnormal behaviors.
Is the scientific study of human behavior and mental process.
Chemical reactions in the brain.
Includes a search for possible universals in behavior and mental processes.
Believe that mental illness are caused by: o Brain o Genetics The brain and nervous system are the biological approach and so are chemical changes in the body -it is all biology.
Cross-cultural psychology "can be thought of as a type research methodology, rather than an entirely separate field within psychology".
Psychoanalitic Approach Evolutionary Psychology Is a
Is a theory of human behavior that incorporates the effect of evolution. As our ancestors solve and confronted problems. Over time the most successful solutions develop into basic instincts. It is based in how evolution has shaped the mind and behavior.
Based on the belief that childhood experiences greatly influence the development of later personality traits and psychological problems. From Sigmund Freud work.
Humanistic Approach This approach emphasize on subject meaning, a rejection of determinism, and a concern for positive growth rather than pathology. Humanistic approach studies the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual. In children, the social and cultural context are very important for their development because that the way we conceive them as humans, they are characterize by their curiosity and sensibility, that’s why they are able to have social interaction with their family and classmates.
My Personality
Reflection Psychology is the science that studies the human behavior, having in account the situations that we are having as a humans. In this complete science we can learn that exist many topics that covers the behavior of humans, mainly the child behavior science they are born. In this case we are going to mention the approaches of psychology, they are: o Cognitive: For Piaget, children are born with a very mental structure (inherited, which all learning and knowledge is based. o Biological: The brain and nervous system are the biological approach and so are chemical changes. o Cross cultural: Studies the cultural and ethnic similarities and differences. o Psychoanalytic: Belief that childhood experiences influence the development of later personality traits and psychological problems. o Humanistic: approach studies the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual. o Evolutionary: Studies the evolution of ideas of the human. o Behavioral: explain behavior just by the observation of it.
Second Part Fairy Tales
Fairy Tales
Little kids like to listened fairy tales because they can develop their brain with imagination. Fairy tales are loved by the
Are types of short stories that typically features
European folkloric, fantasy characters, such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, dwarves, giants, witches, mermaids, or
children because despite all the angry, anxious thoughts in his mind and any feeling, to which the
fairy tale gives body and specific context, these stories always result in a happy outcome, which the children cannot imagine on his own.
gnomes, and usually magic or enchantments
Personality in Little kids
Wolf Conflict between controlling or letting one's impulses free (devouring or not devouring) Conflict between aggression and superego (if he eats, the hunter will punish/kill him) Oral needs Dominance
Witch Dominance/ambitions Self- image (she is getting old, her magic power is diminishing, nobody loves her, she is ugly) low selfesteem Mother - child relationship (mother image)
Dwarf
Narcissistic feelings (she wants everyone to admire
Fear of possible dangers/insecurity
Sibling rivalry
(may be a thief, witch will kill them too)
Coping with danger (they will kill the witch, ways of deceiving her, hide) Self - image (doubting their ability to help, concern about their small stature or their appearance)
her) fear of getting punished for wrongdoing Aggression
Reflection
Giant Aggression Dominance Oral needs Self - image (he is ugly/dumb/ nobody) Father-child relationship (rare) Sexual feelings (he wants to find a girlfriend)
Kids love Fairy tales because with them they can develop their imagination, also if they can’t read they can read just by the pictures. Nowadays exist many popular fairy tales. In fairy tales we are going to find many type of characters like the ones mentioned,
this type of characters are the ones that
Mother Image Severity of superego (She begs mother to forgive her, she wants the story to end with “Card 1� because she deserved mother's punishment)
Conflict between pleasure (playing, cutting flowers) and moral restrictions (she must visit her sick grandmother) Fear of abandonment/rejection Depression
give life to the fairytales, because we can see that some of them are bad and other are the good ones, at the end of the fair tale we are going to find a message which we are going to learn something, also in a fairy tales the we are going to learn something about the maleficient person.