+¬ 7+ӎ 1+Ѭ +2$ • 1*8<ӈ1 1+Ұ7 $1+ • 3+$1 7+ӎ 1+Ѭ 0$, • 1*8<ӈ1 %Ҵ1* *,$1* 3+Ҥ0 7+ӎ 0$, $1+ • 75Ҫ1 7+$1+ 7Æ0
ࡣ
TO ސ ܫ ܬ $ ތ 0ࢪm]
F ! 7ұS
ܹ&* ܫ$ ܸ ࠞ ܫ ࠚ& ࠘ ܷݺ
૫ ࠎ &ܺݺ
&iF EĞQ WKkQ PļQ Sự phổ biến của tiếng Anh đã và đang thúc đẩy xã hội hiện nay tìm học ngôn ngữ này như một phương tiện mở rộng giao tiếp. Việc tập trung vào ngữ âm và từ vựng cho phép người học nhanh chóng thực hiện được các cuộc đối thoại cơ bản với người bản xứ. Tuy nhiên, hướng tiếp cận ấy sẽ giới hạn kỹ năng giao tiếp ở mức “tiếng Anh bồi”, tức là chỉ giao tiếp thông qua “từ khóa” với hình thức "phi ngữ pháp". Đối với những cuộc hội thoại ở mức độ cao hơn, ngữ pháp đóng vai trò vô cùng quan trọng trong truyền tải ý tưởng của bản thân một cách rõ ràng, mạch lạc hơn. Đồng thời, vốn ngữ pháp tốt tăng cường khả năng nghe hiểu, thay vì mất thời gian dò đoán ý người nói. Ngoài ra, việc trình bày câu từ có cấu trúc chuẩn xác mang tới cảm giác chuyên nghiệp và được người bản xứ coi trọng. Ví dụ, trong các cuộc tranh cử tổng thống tại Mỹ, truyền thông rất quan tâm đến cách hành văn trong bài phát biểu của các ứng cử viên bởi điều đó thể hiện vốn hiểu biết và đem lại sự tin tưởng. Ngược lại, sự thiếu hụt ngữ pháp bạn có thể gây nên hiểu lầm đáng tiếc, thậm chí khiến người nghe cảm giác khó chịu. ࡽ |ǩm]
]ૼ r_࢙r
Ngoài ra, tiếng Anh còn có sự phân biệt rạch ròi giữa văn nói, thường sử dụng ngôn ngữ thân mật, có thể bỏ qua các lỗi ngữ pháp, và văn viết, thường sử dụng ngôn ngữ trang trọng, đòi hỏi ngữ pháp chặt chẽ. Vì vậy, nắm chắc ngữ pháp sẽ là chìa khoá giúp bạn vận dụng tiếng Anh linh hoạt hơn, tuỳ vào nhu cầu và hoàn cảnh. Để xây một ngôi nhà cao và vững chãi, ta cần chăm chút phần móng và bộ khung chắc chắn trước tiên. Tương tự như vậy, ngoài việc trau dồi vốn từ vựng, ngữ pháp tiếng Anh đóng vai trò cốt lõi trong việc phát triển toàn diện các kỹ năng từ nghe, nói đến đọc, viết. Bởi lẽ đó, khi bắt đầu học tiếng Anh, các bạn hãy tìm hiểu và củng cố ngữ pháp trước tiên. Một câu hỏi sẽ được đặt ra là: “Học ngữ pháp tiếng Anh nhiều mà buồn chán lắm, làm sao có thể kiên trì học hết được đây?” Những bạn học ngữ pháp không có hệ thống, khoa học, sẽ cảm thấy ngữ pháp rối rắm và vô cùng vô tận, sau thời gian ngắn, nhanh chóng bỏ cuộc. Số khác sẽ lại lựa chọn chỉ học các kiến thức cơ bản thôi miễn chúng đủ đáp ứng cho mục đích trước mắt. Nhưng thực tế, với một ngôn ngữ, không tồn tại khái niệm nào mang tên là “đủ dùng” cả. Hiểu được khó khăn các bạn đang gặp phải với việc học ngữ pháp tiếng Anh, chúng tôi đã kết hợp cùng với thương hiệu CCBOOK biên soạn cuốn sách CHINH PHỤC TOÀN DIỆN NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH BẰNG INFOGRAPHIC để hỗ trợ và định hướng các bạn trong quá trình tự học.
â&#x20AC;Ť" ÜŹâ&#x20AC;ŹŕŤą ॣ "â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹâ&#x20AC;Ź Cuáť&#x2018;n sĂĄch gáť&#x201C;m 20 chuyĂŞn Ä&#x2018;áť ngᝯ phĂĄp, máť&#x2014;i chuyĂŞn Ä&#x2018;áť Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc phân chia thĂ nh hai phần Kiáşżn thᝊc cĆĄ bản vĂ Kiáşżn thᝊc nâng cao Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc trĂŹnh bĂ y dĆ°áť&#x203A;i dấng infographic. bŕŁ?m |_ૹ1 1Ǩ 0ࢣm
Kiáşżn thᝊc Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc trĂŹnh bĂ y dĆ°áť&#x203A;i dấng infographic.
_Â&#x2020;Â&#x2039;ŕŁ&#x2018;m 9ŕŁ&#x17E; bŕŁ?m |_ૹ1 mŕ˘&#x161;m] 1-o
Thay vĂŹ trĂŹnh bĂ y cĂĄc Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn váť&#x2039; kiáşżn thᝊc máť&#x2122;t cĂĄch nhĂ m chĂĄn, trĂ n lan nhĆ° máť&#x2122;t sáť&#x2018; cuáť&#x2018;n sĂĄch ngᝯ phĂĄp khĂĄc trĂŞn tháť&#x2039; trĆ°áť?ng, chĂşng tĂ´i sáť d᝼ng infographic â&#x20AC;&#x201C; phĆ°ĆĄng phĂĄp biáť&#x192;u hiáť&#x2021;n thĂ´ng tin tráťąc quan báşąng hĂŹnh ảnh nháşąm truyáť n tải kiáşżn thᝊc nhanh chĂłng vĂ rĂľ rĂ ng. Váť&#x203A;i thiáşżt káşż Ä&#x2018;áşšp mắt, minh háť?a Ẽn tưᝣng, Ä&#x2018;ảm bảo tĂnh lĂ´-gĂc, sĂşc tĂch, ngắn gáť?n, cĂĄc vẼn Ä&#x2018;áť phᝊc tấp sáş˝ tráť&#x; nĂŞn dáť&#x2026; tiáşżp cáşn, hẼp dẍn hĆĄn, tᝍ Ä&#x2018;Ăł Ä&#x2018;ĂĄnh thᝊc sáťą thĂch thĂş cᝧa ngĆ°áť?i háť?c. Ä?áť&#x192; giĂşp ngĆ°áť?i háť?c ghi nháť&#x203A;, cᝧng cáť&#x2018; kiáşżn thᝊc, háť&#x2021; tháť&#x2018;ng bĂ i táşp táťą luyáť&#x2021;n Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc chia thĂ nh hai mᝊc Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122; cĆĄ bản - nâng cao Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc kĂ˝ hiáť&#x2021;u nhĆ° sau: BĂ i táşp cĆĄ bản KĂ˝ hiáť&#x2021;u BĂ i táşp nâng cao Máť&#x2122;t Ć°u Ä&#x2018;iáť&#x192;m nᝯa cᝧa cuáť&#x2018;n sĂĄch lĂ háť&#x2021; tháť&#x2018;ng Ä&#x2018;ĂĄp ĂĄn, giải thĂch chi tiáşżt vĂ dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa áť&#x; cuáť&#x2018;i sĂĄch tấo Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n cho cĂĄc bấn táťą Ä&#x2018;ĂĄnh giĂĄ vĂ hiáť&#x192;u rĂľ thĂŞm nhᝯng phần còn vĆ°áť&#x203A;ng mắc trong câu háť?i. ChĂşng tĂ´i hi váť?ng cuáť&#x2018;n sĂĄch CHINH PHᝤC TOĂ&#x20AC;N DIáť&#x2020;N NGᝎ PHĂ P TIáşžNG ANH Báş°NG INFOGRAPHIC sáş˝ lĂ máť&#x2122;t tĂ i liáť&#x2021;u phong phĂş háť&#x2014; trᝣ toĂ n diáť&#x2021;n vĂ nâng cao trĂŹnh Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122; Ngᝯ phĂĄp tiáşżng Anh tᝍ cĆĄ bản Ä&#x2018;áşżn nâng cao Mạc dĂš chĂşng tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ rẼt tâm huyáşżt trong quĂĄ trĂŹnh biĂŞn soấn nhĆ°ng cuáť&#x2018;n sĂĄch khĂ´ng tháť&#x192; trĂĄnh kháť?i nhᝯng thiáşżu sĂłt. NhĂłm tĂĄc giả rẼt mong nháşn Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc nhᝯng Ă˝ kiáşżn Ä&#x2018;Ăłng gĂłp quĂ˝ bĂĄu tᝍ bấn Ä&#x2018;áť?c Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; lần tĂĄi bản sau cuáť&#x2018;n sĂĄch sáş˝ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc hoĂ n thiáť&#x2021;n hĆĄn.
;LQ FKkQ WKjQK FÄ P Ä&#x201D;Q ŕ &#x17D; $â&#x20AC;ŤÜ¸ ÜŹâ&#x20AC;Ź
ࡣ ࡣ
011
06
ࡣ ࠞݺ$૰
24
$ ࠞݺ ߕ ގ
PHRASAL VERBS
ݾ$૰
PASSIVE VOICE
CONJUNCTIONS
34
45
" ܫ૮ ࡤ ş ࠞݺ$૰
ܸ ߕݺ$ ૯
"& $ ҃ ( ! ! $
59
73
ܬ &ܭ$ ތ
ލݺ ސ
118
135
REPORTED SPEECH
ܹ& $ܷ $૰
WORD FORMATION
CLAUSES
ࡣ ࡣ APPENDIX
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
89
ܸݺ INVERSION
104
࠙ &ܭ QUESTIONS
172
ܬ ܬݺş ܸ $ ߈ KEY & EXPLANATION
â&#x20AC;Ť ૲ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;Ź INVERSION
;u; 1ol;v _ubv|l-vÄş
â&#x20AC;Ť ß&#x160; ß&#x2022;Ýşâ&#x20AC;ŹĹ? ;CmbŕŚ&#x17E;omĹ&#x2018;Äš Ä?ảo ngᝯ (Inversion) lĂ sáťą thay Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2022;i tráşt táťą tᝍ trong câu.
â&#x20AC;Ť ૲ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;Ź
1
2
Ĺ? mÂ&#x2C6;;uvbomĹ&#x2018;
1
2
â&#x20AC;Ť" ÜŹâ&#x20AC;ŹŕŤą ॣ Ĺ?&v-];Ĺ&#x2018;Äš Ä?ảo ngᝯ xuẼt hiáť&#x2021;n pháť&#x2022; biáşżn nhẼt trong dấng câu nghi vẼn.
Ĺ&#x2019;|o 0;Ĺ&#x201C;
[V]
Ĺ&#x2019;"Ĺ&#x201C;
90
Ĺ&#x2019;"Ĺ&#x201C;
â&#x20AC;ŤÝşâ&#x20AC;ŹŕĽĽm] |ૺ h_Â&#x2020;Â&#x2039;ŕŁ?| |_bŕŁ?Â&#x2020; [V] [M] Ĺ&#x2019;"Ĺ&#x201C;
ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
+
She is a doctor. (Cô Ẽy là båc sĊ.)
Ĺ&#x2019;|o 0;Ĺ&#x201C; ?
+
He runs fast. (Anh Ẽy chấy nhanh.)
$u૸ 9༼m] |ૺ Ĺ&#x2019; &*Ĺ&#x201C; Ĺ&#x2019;"Ĺ&#x201C;
Ĺ&#x2019;"Ĺ&#x201C;
Is she a doctor? (Cô Ẽy có phải båc sĊ không?)
?
+
[V]
They can read. (Háť? cĂł tháť&#x192; Ä&#x2018;áť?c.)
[M]
Does he run fast? (Anh Ẽy chấy nhanh không?)
?
Ĺ&#x2019;"Ĺ&#x201C;
Can they read? (Háť? cĂł tháť&#x192; Ä&#x2018;áť?c khĂ´ng?)
NgoĂ i ra, Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ còn Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; nhẼn mấnh, xuẼt hiáť&#x2021;n trong cĂĄc trĆ°áť?ng hᝣp sau:
KhĂ´ng cĂł trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ (Without auxiliary verbs)
[V]
CĂł trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ (With auxiliary verbs)
ŕ ? ŕ &#x17D; $!૮ â&#x20AC;Ť ŕ &#x17E;Ýşâ&#x20AC;Ź$૰ Ĺ?)b|_oÂ&#x2020;| -Â&#x2020;Â&#x160;bŃ´b-uÂ&#x2039; Â&#x2C6;;u0vĹ&#x2018;
"
+
(
(
â&#x20AC;˘ Here (áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây), there (áť&#x; kia) Here sits the cat. (Con mèo ngáť&#x201C;i Ä&#x2018;ây.) $uࢢm] |ૺ 1_़ 9ŕ¤&#x2122;- 9bŕŁ&#x;l Ĺ? 7Â&#x2C6;;u0v o= rŃ´-1;Ĺ&#x2018;
There are the three flowers. (3 bĂ´ng hoa áť&#x; kia.)
The cat sits here.
"
The three flowers are there.
Náşżu chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ Ä&#x2018;ấi tᝍ nhân xĆ°ng thĂŹ khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;ảo váť&#x2039; trĂ cᝧa chᝧ ngᝯ vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ. -m_ |ૺ
[V]
â&#x20AC;Ťŕ˘˘Ýşâ&#x20AC;Źb |ૺ m_ŕ˘&#x161;m Â&#x160;ÇŠm]
There stood the waitress. (NgĆ°áť?i ph᝼c v᝼ bĂ n Ä&#x2018;ᝊng kia.) ŕĄ&#x203A; ॽ
[V]
There she stood. (CĂ´ Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ᝊng Ä&#x2018;Ăł.)
There are the three pens. (3 cĂĄi bĂşt Ä&#x2018;Ăł áť&#x; kia.)
â&#x20AC;˘ C᝼m trấng tᝍ (Adverbial phrases) ŕ§&#x2021;l |uࢢm] |ૺ Ĺ? 7Â&#x2C6;;u0b-Ń´ r_u-v;Ĺ&#x2018;
Down the alley is a small coffee shop. (XuĂ´i theo con ngĂľ lĂ máť&#x2122;t quĂĄn cĂ phĂŞ nháť?.) A small coffee shop is down the alley.
First (Ä&#x2018;ầu tiĂŞn), then (sau Ä&#x2018;Ăł) next (tiáşżp Ä&#x2018;áşżn), before (trĆ°áť&#x203A;c), after (sau Ä&#x2018;Ăł) First comes family, then comes career. (Gia Ä&#x2018;ĂŹnh lĂ Ä&#x2018;ầu tiĂŞn, sau Ä&#x2018;Ăł máť&#x203A;i Ä&#x2018;áşżn sáťą nghiáť&#x2021;p.) After a loud thunder came a heavy rain. (Sau tiáşżng sẼm láť&#x203A;n, tráť?i Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2022; cĆĄn mĆ°a to.)
91
Here you are./ Here you go. Sáť d᝼ng khi Ä&#x2018;Ć°a máť&#x2122;t cĂĄi gĂŹ cho ai Ä&#x2018;Ăł. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Could you pass me a tissue please?â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;Here you are.â&#x20AC;? (â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bấn cĂł tháť&#x192; Ä&#x2018;Ć°a tĂ´i 1 chiáşżc khÄ&#x192;n giẼy khĂ´ng?â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;Cᝧa bấn Ä&#x2018;ây.â&#x20AC;?) There are... (CĂł...) There are three pens. (CĂł 3 cĂĄi bĂşt.)
$uࢢm] |ૺ 1_़ |_૵b ]b-m Ĺ? 7Â&#x2C6;;u0v o= ŕŚ&#x17E;l;Ĺ&#x2018;
+
â&#x20AC;ŤŕŤ˛ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;ŹŐ&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; ( !"
â&#x20AC;Ť Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź$ ૯ ÇŚ ܸ
â&#x20AC;˘ As/ though (DĂš)
$ŕ¤?m_ |ૺĹ&#x2020; $uࢢm] |ૺ Ĺ? 7f;1ŕŚ&#x17E;Â&#x2C6;;vĹ&#x2020; 7Â&#x2C6;;u0vĹ&#x2018;
TĂnh tᝍ (Adjective) Trấng tᝍ (Adverb)
as/ though
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
S1 + V1
Beautiful as the singer is, she insists on undergoing cosmetic surgery. (DĂš cĂ´ ca sÄŠ váť&#x2018;n Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ xinh Ä&#x2018;áşšp ráť&#x201C;i nhĆ°ng vẍn khÄ&#x192;ng khÄ&#x192;ng Ä&#x2018;òi phẍu thuáşt thẊm máťš.) Although the singer is beautiful, she insists on undergoing cosmetic surgery. $ŕ¤?m_ |ૺ Ĺ? 7f;1ŕŚ&#x17E;Â&#x2C6;;Ĺ&#x2018;
Much as I adore kids, I have no intention of having one. (DĂš rẼt thĂch tráşť con nhĆ°ng tĂ´i khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;nh cĂł con.) Though I adore kids very much, I have no intention of having one. $uࢢm] |ૺ Ĺ? 7Â&#x2C6;;u0Ĺ&#x2018;
ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
92
â&#x20AC;˘ However/ no matter how (DĂš) However No matter how
TĂnh tᝍ (Adjective) Trấng tᝍ (Adverb)
S1 + V1
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
However experienced the chemist is, heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s still got a lot to learn. (DĂš nhĂ hoĂĄ háť?c cĂł kinh nghiáť&#x2021;m nhĆ°ng anh ta vẍn còn nhiáť u Ä&#x2018;iáť u phải háť?c háť?i.) Although the chemist is experienced, heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s still got a lot to learn. $ŕ¤?m_ |ૺ Ĺ? 7f;1ŕŚ&#x17E;Â&#x2C6;;Ĺ&#x2018;
No matter how fervently he preached about frugality, the crowd didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel excited. (DĂš Ă´ng thuyáşżt giảng nhiáť&#x2021;t tĂŹnh váť tĂnh tiáşżt kiáť&#x2021;m, Ä&#x2018;ĂĄm Ä&#x2018;Ă´ng vẍn khĂ´ng thĂch thĂş.) Though he preached fervently about frugality, the crowd didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel excited. $uࢢm] |ૺ Ĺ? 7Â&#x2C6;;u0Ĺ&#x2018;
Danh tᝍ sáť&#x2018; Ăt (Singular noun) What
TĂnh tᝍ (Adjective)
(a/ an)
Danh tᝍ sáť&#x2018; nhiáť u (Plural noun)
(S + V)!
Danh tᝍ khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;áşżm Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc (Uncountable noun)
â&#x20AC;ŤŕŤ˛ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;ŹŐ&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; ( !"
â&#x20AC;˘ Câu cảm thĂĄn (Exclamatory sentences)
What a lovely day to be outside! (Quả lĂ máť&#x2122;t ngĂ y Ä&#x2018;áşšp tráť?i Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; áť&#x; bĂŞn ngoĂ i!) What awful weather it is! (Tháť?i tiáşżt quả lĂ táť&#x2021; hấi!) TĂnh tᝍ (Adjective)
How
(S + V)!
Trấng tᝍ (Adverb)
93
How unprofessional their service is! (Dáť&#x2039;ch v᝼ cᝧa háť? tháşt thiáşżu chuyĂŞn nghiáť&#x2021;p!)
the lecturer said ŕ˘&#x161;Â&#x2020; 7ࢧm |u૽1 ŕŚ&#x17E;ŕŁ?r Ĺ? bu;1| vr;;1_Ĺ&#x2018;
â&#x20AC;&#x153;Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t judge a book by its cover!â&#x20AC;? said the lecturer. (â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ä?ᝍng Ä&#x2018;ĂĄnh giĂĄ máť?i thᝊ qua váşť báť ngoĂ i!â&#x20AC;? nhĂ diáť&#x2026;n giả nĂłi.)
â&#x20AC;Ť Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź$ ૯ â&#x20AC;Ť Üâ&#x20AC;Ź
ŕ &#x17D; $!૮ â&#x20AC;Ť ŕ &#x17E;Ýşâ&#x20AC;Ź$૰ Ĺ?)b|_ -Â&#x2020;Â&#x160;bŃ´b-uÂ&#x2039;Ĺ&#x2018;
"
+
(
+
"
+
(
_b Â&#x160;Â&#x2020;ࢤ| _bࣥm |u૸ 9༼m] |ૺ Ĺ?-Â&#x2020;Â&#x160;bŃ´b-uÂ&#x2039; Â&#x2C6;;u0Ĺ&#x2018;ġ 9༼m] |ૺ 1_ŕ¤?m_ 1_Â&#x2020;Â&#x2039;ŕŁ&#x;m Â&#x2C6;ŕŁ&#x17E; 7ࢢm] m]Â&#x2020;Â&#x2039;ŕŁ&#x2018;m |_ŕŁ&#x; Ĺ?bmCmbŕŚ&#x17E;Â&#x2C6;; Â&#x2C6;;u0Ĺ&#x2018;Äş
ŕ˘&#x161;Â&#x2020; 9Ǩm Ĺ?"blrŃ´; v;m|;m1;vĹ&#x2018;
+
Câu Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng tĂŹnh (Agreement sentences)
I have studied abroad for 5 years. (TĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;i du háť?c 5 nÄ&#x192;m ráť&#x201C;i.)
So has my sister. (Em gĂĄi tĂ´i cĹŠng váşy.) My sister has, too.
Ň&#x2026;
He doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t like Maths. (Anh Ẽy khĂ´ng thĂch ToĂĄn.)
Neither do they. (Háť? cĹŠng váşy.) They donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t, either.
Henry left the house, as did Anne. (Henry ráť?i kháť?i nhĂ vĂ Anne cĹŠng váşy.)
ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
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As (CĹŠng nhĆ°)
Váť&#x203A;i tᝍ mang nghÄŠa phᝧ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;nh (With negative words)
Never (khĂ´ng bao giáť?), rarely (hiáşżm khi), seldom (Ăt khi), little (hầu nhĆ° khĂ´ng), hardly (hầu nhĆ° khĂ´ng), nowhere (khĂ´ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;âu) Little did she realize that her father is involved in human trafficking. (CĂ´ khĂ´ng biáşżt ráşąng báť&#x2018; mĂŹnh cĂł dĂnh lĂu Ä&#x2018;áşżn viáť&#x2021;c buĂ´n bĂĄn ngĆ°áť?i.) She didn't realize that her father is involved in human trafficking.
Váť&#x203A;i c᝼m tᝍ mang nghÄŠa phᝧ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;nh (With negative phrases)
At no time (khĂ´ng bao giáť?), on no condition (khĂ´ng bao giáť?), Under no circumstances (dĂš trong hoĂ n cảnh nĂ o cĹŠng khĂ´ng bao giáť?), on no account (khĂ´ng vĂŹ máť&#x2122;t lĂ˝ do gĂŹ), in no way (dĂš báşąng cĂĄch nĂ o cĹŠng khĂ´ng), by no means (dĂš báşąng cĂĄch nĂ o cĹŠng khĂ´ng) Under no circumstances will the restaurantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s owner reveal his recipe. (KhĂ´ng bao giáť? chᝧ nhĂ hĂ ng tiáşżt láť&#x2122; cĂ´ng thᝊc nẼu Ä&#x192;n cᝧa mĂŹnh.) The restaurant's owner won't reveal his recipe under any circumstances.
Váť&#x203A;i hiáť&#x2021;n tấi phân tᝍ vĂ quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ (With present and past participles)
Flying above the sky is a flock of migratory birds. (Bay trĂŞn tráť?i lĂ máť&#x2122;t Ä&#x2018;Ă n chim di cĆ°.) A flock of migratory birds is flying above the sky.
â&#x20AC;ŤŕŤ˛ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;ŹŐ&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; ( !"
â&#x20AC;ŤÝşâ&#x20AC;ŹŕĽĽm] |ૺ Ĺ&#x17E;|o 0;Ĺ&#x17E; ૶ 9ŕ˘&#x161;Â&#x2039; 9ŕĽ&#x2022;m] Â&#x2C6;-b |uŕĽ&#x201D; |u૸ 9༼m] |ૺĺ
Attached to the kite is a bamboo flute. (Gắn vĂ o chiáşżc diáť u lĂ máť&#x2122;t cĂĄi sĂĄo tre.) A bamboo flute is attached to the kite. ŕ˘&#x161;Â&#x2020; 0ŕ¤&#x2122; 9༼m] Ĺ? -vvbÂ&#x2C6;; Â&#x2C6;ob1;Ĺ&#x2018;
Váť&#x203A;i tĂnh tᝍ (With adjectives)
Humble and respectable is the Japanese figure skater, Yuzuru Hanyu. (KhiĂŞm táť&#x2018;n vĂ Ä&#x2018;ĂĄng kĂnh lĂ váşn Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng viĂŞn trưᝣt bÄ&#x192;ng ngháť&#x2021; thuáşt, Yuzuru Hanyu.)
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Only (Cháť&#x2030; khi)
Only once (cháť&#x2030; khi) Only later (cháť&#x2030; sau Ä&#x2018;Ăł) Only in this way (cháť&#x2030; báşąng cĂĄch Ä&#x2018;Ăł) Only then (cháť&#x2030; Ä&#x2018;áşżn khi Ä&#x2018;Ăł)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ (Inverted sentence)
Only later did she water the plants. (Cháť&#x2030; sau Ä&#x2018;Ăł cĂ´ Ẽy máť&#x203A;i tĆ°áť&#x203A;i cây.)
Only after (cháť&#x2030; sau khi) Only by (cháť&#x2030; báşąng cĂĄch) Only with (cháť&#x2030; báşąng)
Danh tᝍ (Noun) C᝼m danh tᝍ (Noun phrase) V-ing (Gerund)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ (Inverted sentence)
Only by forgiving can she find peace. (Cháť&#x2030; báşąng cĂĄch tha thᝊ cĂ´ Ẽy máť&#x203A;i cĂł tháť&#x192; tĂŹm thẼy sáťą bĂŹnh an.)
ŕ˘&#x161;Â&#x2020; r_ૹ1 Ĺ? olrŃ´;Â&#x160; v;m|;m1;vĹ&#x2018;
Hardly Scarcely Barely
had + S1 + p.p.
No sooner
had + S1 + p.p.
when
S2 + VquĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn Ngay khi viáť&#x2021;c A xảy ra thĂŹ viáť&#x2021;c B xảy ra.
than
Â&#x2020;ŕ˘&#x2122; h_ૹ _oŕ˘&#x2DC;m |_ŕ˘&#x2DC;m_ Ĺ? -v| r;u=;1|Ĺ&#x2018;
S2 + VquĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn Â&#x2020;ŕ˘&#x2122; h_ૹ 9Ǩm Ĺ? -v| vblrŃ´;Ĺ&#x2018;
ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
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No sooner had we stepped outside than it started snowing. (Ngay khi chĂşng tĂ´i bĆ°áť&#x203A;c ra ngoĂ i thĂŹ tuyáşżt bắt Ä&#x2018;ầu rĆĄi.) It started snowing as soon as we stepped outside.
Only after (Chi sau khi) Only when (Cháť&#x2030; khi) Only if (Cháť&#x2030; náşżu)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ (Inverted sentence)
Only after her partner opened the map did she realize they were going the wrong way. (Cháť&#x2030; khi bấn Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng hĂ nh máť&#x; bản Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C; ra, cĂ´ máť&#x203A;i phĂĄt hiáť&#x2021;n háť? Ä&#x2018;ang Ä&#x2018;i sai Ä&#x2018;Ć°áť?ng.) She realized they were going the wrong way only after her partner opened the map.
C Danh tᝍ (Noun) Not until (cháť&#x2030; Ä&#x2018;áşżn khi)
Trấng tᝍ cháť&#x2030; tháť?i gian (Adverb of time) Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ (Inverted sentence)
â&#x20AC;ŤŕŤ˛ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;ŹŐ&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; ( !"
-m_ |ૺ Ĺ? oÂ&#x2020;mĹ&#x2018;
Not until graduation did they miss their college life. (Cháť&#x2030; Ä&#x2018;áşżn khi táť&#x2018;t nghiáť&#x2021;p, háť? máť&#x203A;i nháť&#x203A; váť cuáť&#x2122;c Ä&#x2018;áť?i sinh viĂŞn.) It was not until graduation that they missed their college life. They didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t miss their college life until graduation. (Háť? khĂ´ng nháť&#x203A; váť cuáť&#x2122;c Ä&#x2018;áť?i sinh viĂŞn cho Ä&#x2018;áşżn khi táť&#x2018;t nghiáť&#x2021;p.) ࣥm_ 9ŕŁ&#x17E; Ĺ? Ń´-Â&#x2020;v;Ĺ&#x2018;
Not until she took swimming lessons did she overcome her fear of water. (Ä?áşżn lĂşc háť?c bĆĄi cĂ´ Ẽy máť&#x203A;i vưᝣt qua náť&#x2014;i sᝣ nĆ°áť&#x203A;c.) It was not until she took swimming lessons that she overcame her fear of water. She didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t overcome her fear of water until she took swimming lessons. (CĂ´ Ẽy khĂ´ng vưᝣt qua Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc náť&#x2014;i sᝣ nĆ°áť&#x203A;c cho Ä&#x2018;áşżn khi háť?c bĆĄi.)
Not only (Không nhᝯng)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
but also (mà còn)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ (Inverted sentence)
She not only forged the directorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s signature but also sold confidential information to the competitor.
E
SO/ SUCH...THAT... (Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i)
So
TĂnh tᝍ (Adjective) Trấng tᝍ (Adverb)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ (Inverted sentence)
that
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
$ŕ¤?m_ |ૺ Ĺ? 7f;1ŕŚ&#x17E;Â&#x2C6;;Ĺ&#x2018;
So mesmerizing are Franz Kafkaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s writings that heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s praised as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. (CĂĄc tĂĄc phẊm cᝧa Franz Kafka lĂ´i cuáť&#x2018;n Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i Ă´ng Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc tĂ´n vinh lĂ máť&#x2122;t trong nhᝯng nhân váşt quan tráť?ng cᝧa náť n vÄ&#x192;n háť?c tháşż kᝡ XX.) Franz Kafkaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s writings are so mesmerizing that heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s praised as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature.
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Not only did she forge the directorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s signature but she also sold confidential information to the competitor. (CĂ´ ta khĂ´ng cháť&#x2030; giả chᝯ kĂ˝ giĂĄm Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2018;c mĂ còn bĂĄn thĂ´ng tin máşt cho Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2018;i thᝧ.)
$uࢢm] |ૺ Ĺ? 7Â&#x2C6;;u0Ĺ&#x2018;
So frequently does Louis buy clothes that heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s called a shopaholic. (Louis mua quần ĂĄo thĆ°áť?ng xuyĂŞn Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i anh ta báť&#x2039; gáť?i lĂ káşť nghiáť&#x2021;n mua sắm.) Louis buys clothes so frequently that he's called a shopaholic.
Such
to be
a/an
2
to be
TĂnh tᝍ (Adjective)
3
to be
4
a/ an
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5
ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
TĂnh tᝍ (Adjective)
1
the
Danh tᝍ sáť&#x2018; Ăt (Singular noun)
Danh tᝍ khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;áşżm Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc/ danh tᝍ sáť&#x2018; nhiáť u (Uncountable/ plural noun)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
that
Danh tᝍ (Noun)
TĂnh tᝍ (Adjective)
Danh tᝍ sáť&#x2018; Ăt (Singular noun)
TĂnh tᝍ Danh tᝍ khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;áşżm Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc/ danh tᝍ sáť&#x2018; nhiáť u (Adjective) (Uncountable/ plural noun)
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ (Inverted sentence)
that
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
1 Such was a racist comment that D&Gâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s co-founder had to make an official apology to Chinese people. (Ä?Ăł quả lĂ máť&#x2122;t láť?i bĂŹnh luáşn mang tĂnh phân biáť&#x2021;t chᝧng táť&#x2122;c Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i nhĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng sĂĄng láşp cᝧa D&G phải gáťi láť?i xin láť&#x2014;i chĂnh thᝊc táť&#x203A;i ngĆ°áť?i dân Trung Quáť&#x2018;c.)
It such a racist comment that D&Gâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s co-founder had to make an official apology to Chinese people. 2
Such is gloomy atmosphere that he doesn't dare to say a word. (Bầu khĂ´ng khĂ u ĂĄm Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i anh ta khĂ´ng dĂĄm hĂŠ rÄ&#x192;ng máť&#x2122;t láť?i.) It was such gloomy atmosphere that he doesn't dare to say a word. 3
Such was the hurricane that the locals were instructed to evacuate immediately. (CĆĄn bĂŁo láť&#x203A;n Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i ngĆ°áť?i dân Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc hĆ°áť&#x203A;ng dẍn sĆĄ tĂĄn ngay láşp tᝊc.) The hurricane was so great that the locals were instructed to evacuate immediately. 4
Such a high tax did the government impose that its people went on strike. (ChĂnh phᝧ ĂĄp thuáşż cao Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i ngĆ°áť?i dân Ä&#x2018;i biáť&#x192;u tĂŹnh.) The government imposed such a high tax that its people went on strike. 5 Such high pressure do parents exert on their children that they feel exhausted. (CĂĄc báşc ph᝼ huynh gây ĂĄp láťąc cho con cĂĄi háť? nhiáť u Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i chĂşng cảm thẼy kiáť&#x2021;t sᝊc.)
Parents exert such high pressure on their children that they feel exhausted.
â&#x20AC;ŤŕŤ˛ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;ŹŐ&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; ( !"
F
CĂ&#x201A;U Ä?Iáť&#x20AC;U KIáť&#x2020;N (Conditional sentences) Loấi 1 (Type 1)
Should
S
Vinf
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
If Joe renovates the traditional house Should Joe renovate the traditional house, heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll have to ask the authority for permission. (Náşżu Joe muáť&#x2018;n nâng cẼp ngĂ´i nhĂ truyáť n tháť&#x2018;ng thĂŹ Ă´ng ta phải xin phĂŠp chĂnh quyáť n.)
Loấi 2 (Type 2)
Were
S
to V
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
Loấi 2 +3 (Type 2 +3)
If Abby excelled in accounting
Were you to report his indecency, heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d take revenge. (Náşżu bấn trĂŹnh bĂĄo hĂ nh vi khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;ᝊng Ä&#x2018;ắn cᝧa anh ta thĂŹ anh ta sáş˝ trả thĂš.)
Were Abby to excel in accounting, sheâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d have been hired. (Náşżu Abby giáť?i káşż toĂĄn thĂŹ cĂ´ Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc thuĂŞ ráť&#x201C;i.)
Loấi 3 (Type 3)
Had
S
p.p.
Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť (Clause)
Loấi 3 + 2 (Type 3 + 2)
If he had passed away
If they had reconciled
Had he passed away, his son wouldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve ruled the kingdom. (Náşżu Ă´ng ta qua Ä&#x2018;áť?i thĂŹ con trai Ă´ng sáş˝ tráť&#x2039; vĂŹ vĆ°ĆĄng quáť&#x2018;c.)
Had they reconciled, theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d still be friends now. (Náşżu háť? hoĂ giải thĂŹ bây giáť? háť? vẍn lĂ bấn.)
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If you reported his indecency
â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$Ü˝ (Ü˝ ॣ Ĺ&#x2C6; _ढ़m r_ǧnjm] Ţłm 9ŕŁ?m] m_Ţž|ĸ
E.g.: - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Can you give me the red pen please?â&#x20AC;? - â&#x20AC;&#x153;_____.â&#x20AC;? A. Here you are B. Here are you C. There you are D. There are you 1. How _____ to be a model! A. glamorous it is B. glamour is it C. glamorous is it D. glamour it is 2. How _____ the craftsmen created that ceramic vase! A. skill B. skillfully C. skillful D. skilled 3. - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Do you see the receptionist? I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t find him anywhere around here.â&#x20AC;? - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Follow this corridor until the end. _____.â&#x20AC;? A. There he stands B. There stands him C. Here he stands D. Here stands him 4. â&#x20AC;&#x153;_____ on that table. Take it and go buy a chocolate cake for me.â&#x20AC;? A. Here are ten dollars B. There are ten dollars C. Here ten dollars are D. There ten dollars are
ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
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Ĺ&#x2C6; (bߡ| Ѳޟb 1Ţł1 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; v-Â&#x2020; v-o 1_o m]_ŕ ş- h_ॲm] 9ॿbÄś vŕ¨&#x2DC; 7ࣼm] ]ŕ¨&#x2022;b ŕ¤&#x192; 9ǧŕ¨&#x2022;1 1_o vß&#x2020;mĸ
E.g.: Though I tried so hard to resist your delicious chocolate cakes, I have already finished them. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Hard as I tried to resist your delicious chocolate cakes, I have already finished them. 1. Although she was far away, she could see that he was watching her. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Far away _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Even though it was raining heavily, we put on our jackets and went for a walk. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Rainy _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Although Lucian studied hard, he couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t pass the university entrance exam. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Hard ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t enjoy the new Netflixâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s show though it is actually really intriguing. â&#x2020;&#x2019; However _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Tony didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t wake up even though I yelled at him so loudly. â&#x2020;&#x2019; No matter how_________________________________________________________________________ 6. Even though the price of bus tickets has decreased dramatically, many people still prefer driving their own car. â&#x2020;&#x2019; However _____________________________________________________________________________ Ĺ&#x2C6; _ढ़m 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; 1ॹ m]_ŕ ş- ]Ţżm m_Ţž| Â&#x2C6;ŕ¨&#x2018;b 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; 9Ţľ 1_oĸ
1. Tony showed up with his girlfriend at 6 p.m. A. First came Tony, then came his girldfriend at 6 p.m. B. At exactly 6 p.m. came Tony and his girlfriend. C. After Tony showed up, his girlfriend showed up. D. After the clock struck 6 came Tony, then came his girlfriend. 2. Adam suggested that Gavin should have his hair cut. A. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Why donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t you get your hair cut, Gavin?â&#x20AC;? said Adam. B. Ugly as Gavinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hair was, Adam didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t encourage Gavin to cut his hair. C. â&#x20AC;&#x153;What an ugly hair you have!â&#x20AC;? Adam said. D. After Gavin saw Adam, he told Adam to have his hair cut. 3. I felt completely exhausted when I had listened to Mary complain for half an hour. A. Before I listened to Mary complain for half an hour, I had felt exhausted. B. First I listened to Mary complain for half an hour, and then I felt completely exhausted. C. After I had felt exhausted, I listened to Mary complain for half an hour. D. First I felt exhausted, and then I listened to Mary complain for half an hour.
E.g.: - I really want to become a dentist. (I) - So do I. 1. - Gold prices have doubled over the last 5 years. (silver) - ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. - I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t expect Jair Bolsonaro to become the President of Brazil. (I) - ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. - We are going to participate in Springfield Summer Camp 2019. (my brother) - ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4. - Kathy will visit the famous town of Stradivari, Cremona in Italy next month. (Suzy) - ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. - My father didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t vote for Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election. (my father) - ___________________________________________________________________________________
â&#x20AC;ŤŕŤ˛ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;ŹŐ&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; ( !"
( Ĺ&#x2C6; (bߡ| 1Ţł1 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; r_ŕŁ&#x153; _ŕ¨&#x2022;r |_ßš _bßťm vŕ¨&#x161; 9फ़m] ŕ¤&#x192; 0ß&#x201E;m] 1Ţł1_ vŕ¨&#x2DC; 7ࣼm] |ŕ¨&#x2014; |uom] m]oß&#x2021;1 Ѳ޲l 1_࣌ m]ŕ¨&#x2122;ĸ
( Ĺ&#x2C6; (bߡ| Ѳޟb 1Ţł1 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; v-Â&#x2020; v-o 1_o m]_ŕ ş- h_ॲm] 9ॿbÄś vŕ¨&#x2DC; 7ࣼm] ]ŕ¨&#x2022;b ŕ¤&#x192; 9ǧŕ¨&#x2022;1 1_o vß&#x2020;mĸ
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E.g.: Kazuhira never knew Paz came from Costa Rica. â&#x2020;&#x2019; At no time did Kazuhira know Paz came from Costa Rica. 1. John has never been to such a fantastic restaurant. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Never _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. I in no way want to be associated with this project. â&#x2020;&#x2019; In no way _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. I seldom leave my house so early. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Seldom ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. People rarely appreciate this musicianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s talent. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Rarely _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. They had met such rude people nowhere before. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Nowhere _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. He understood little about the situation. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Little ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The children should on no account go on their own. â&#x2020;&#x2019; On no account _________________________________________________________________________ 8. She rarely allows strangers to enter her house. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Rarely _______________________________________________________________________________ 9. I have never witnessed such display of rage! â&#x2020;&#x2019; Never _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Her brother not only paid her debt, but he also bought a new house for her. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Not only _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. You should on no account provide any confidential information to a stranger. â&#x2020;&#x2019; On no account ________________________________________________________________________ 12. They had no sooner eaten dinner than the ceiling crashed onto the dining table. â&#x2020;&#x2019; No sooner ____________________________________________________________________________ 13. I had scarcely finished writing my essay when the examiner announced the end of the exam. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Scarcely ______________________________________________________________________________ 14. We would understand what had happened that night only later. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Only later ____________________________________________________________________________ 15. He understood only then what he had missed. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Only then ____________________________________________________________________________ 16. He had no sooner resigned than he received a better job offer. â&#x2020;&#x2019; No sooner ____________________________________________________________________________
17. I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t really believe John was safe until I saw him with my own eyes. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Not until _____________________________________________________________________________ 18. The Metropolis hotel was run by a quaint couple from Wales. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Run _________________________________________________________________________________ 19. The idea of a wireless network was introduced in the 1969. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Introduced ____________________________________________________________________________ 20. There is a young man running down the road with a gun in his hands. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Running _____________________________________________________________________________ 21. My motorbike is being repaired by a very skillful mechanic. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Being _______________________________________________________________________________ 22. Shopping online is growing in popularity. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Growing _____________________________________________________________________________
ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
102
( Ĺ&#x2C6; (bߡ| Ѳޟb 1Ţł1 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; v-Â&#x2020; v-o 1_o m]_ŕ ş- h_ॲm] 9ॿbÄś vŕ¨&#x2DC; 7ࣼm] ]ŕ¨&#x2022;b ŕ¤&#x192; 9ǧŕ¨&#x2022;1 1_o vß&#x2020;mĸ
E.g.: . If we werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t so clever, we wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have got the contract. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Were we not so clever, we wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have got the contract. 1. He ran so quickly that the others couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t catch up with him. â&#x2020;&#x2019; So __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The wind was so strong that we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t open the window. â&#x2020;&#x2019; So __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The weather was so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach. â&#x2020;&#x2019; So __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. He is so strong that he can carry the photocopy machine by himself. â&#x2020;&#x2019; So __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. He had bought so many books that he couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have enough time to read them. â&#x2020;&#x2019; So __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Katherine has such a great voice that everybody wants to listen to her singing. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Such ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Jennie was so tired that she felt asleep during the Mathematics class. â&#x2020;&#x2019; So __________________________________________________________________________________ 8. It was such a foggy day that we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t see the road. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Such ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. If he were over 18, we would allow him to join the Python club. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Were ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. If we had bought that property, we would be rich now. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Had _________________________________________________________________________________ 11. If she refuses the job offer, we will raise the pay and offer her other benefits. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Should _______________________________________________________________________________ 12. If I had woken up earlier, I wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have missed the train. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Had _________________________________________________________________________________ 13. If Chinese hackers could break into our banking system, the economy would be severely damaged. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Were ________________________________________________________________________________ 14. If James doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t remember the answers to these questions, we will have to call Jennie and ask her about it. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Should _______________________________________________________________________________ 15. If my boss werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t such a difficult person, my job would be a lot more easier. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Were ________________________________________________________________________________ 16. If the firefighters hadnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t arrived in time, the people on the 3rd floor wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have been rescued. â&#x2020;&#x2019; Had _________________________________________________________________________________
E.g.: _____ known, she would have helped you out. A. If Jelena have B. If Jelena not C. Had Jelena D. Jelena wished she had 1. - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pinar said she would call us today.â&#x20AC;? - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Well, _____ call while Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m out, give her my love.â&#x20AC;? A. if she were B. if sheâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d C. should she D. were she 2. - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Anna used to be a really good tennis player.â&#x20AC;? - â&#x20AC;&#x153;_____ it up, she still would be.â&#x20AC;? A. Didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t she give B. Wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t she have given C. Had she not given D. Wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t she give 3. - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Did Orit see the burglar?â&#x20AC;? - â&#x20AC;&#x153;No, _____, she would have reported it immediately.â&#x20AC;? A. Had she seen him B. Were she to see him C. Should she see him D. Will she see him 4. _____ more careful, he wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be in hospital now. A. Had he to be B. Had he been C. Were he to be D. Should he be 5. _____ early, no one will be here to meet them. A. Were they to arrive B. If they arrived C. Will they arrive D. Should they arrive 6. _____, Victoria would stay at home and prepare some worksheets. A. Had it rained B. Only if it rains C. Were it to rain D. Whether it rains 7. - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Did Gitte help Mario with his essay?â&#x20AC;? - â&#x20AC;&#x153;_____, he wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have finished it in time.â&#x20AC;? A. Having not help B. She hadnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t helped him C. Had she not help D. Hadnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t she help
â&#x20AC;ŤŕŤ˛ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;ŹŐ&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; ( !"
( Ĺ&#x2C6; _ढ़m r_ǧnjm] Ţłm 9ŕŁ?m] m_Ţž|ĸ
103
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1
ܸ â&#x20AC;Ť ŕ &#x161;& Ü Ýžâ&#x20AC;Ź$â&#x20AC;ŤŢ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
&+â&#x20AC;ŤÝş Ü Ýžâ&#x20AC;ŹÇŚ Ĺ? omo|_om]vĹ&#x2018;
Lŕ &#x2021;
ॣ â&#x20AC;Ť Üâ&#x20AC;Ź Ĺ? omvom-m|vĹ&#x2018;
ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
136
&+â&#x20AC;Ť Ü Ýžâ&#x20AC;Ź (Vowels)
sheep (n.): con cᝍu
e
Ď&#x2018;
ship (n.): con tĂ u
Ę&#x2026;
â&#x20AC;ŤÚ â&#x20AC;Ź
good (adj.): táť&#x2018;t
Ę&#x2018;ŕ &#x2021;
&+â&#x20AC;Ť ŕ ?Ýş Ü Ýžâ&#x20AC;Ź (Diphthongs)
Xŕ &#x2021;
shoot (v.): bắn
Çąŕ &#x2021;
Ď&#x2018;Ę&#x2026;
here (adv.): áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây
â&#x20AC;ŤÚ â&#x20AC;ŹĘ&#x2026;
HĎ&#x2018;
wait (v.): cháť? Ä&#x2018;ᝣi
ÇąĎ&#x2018;
Ę&#x2026;â&#x20AC;ŤÚ â&#x20AC;Ź
bed (n.):
teacher (n.):
bird (n.):
door (n.):
tourist (n.):
boy (n.):
show (v.):
ĂŚ
Ű
ÄŚŕ &#x2021;
Ĺ
HĘ&#x2026;
ÄŚĎ&#x2018;
Dâ&#x20AC;ŤÚ â&#x20AC;Ź
cĂĄi giĆ°áť?ng
giĂĄo viĂŞn
con chim
cáťa ra vĂ o
du khĂĄch
con trai
tháť&#x192; hiáť&#x2021;n
cat (n.): con mèo
up (adv.):
far (adj.):
on (prep.):
hair (n.):
my (pro.):
cow (n.):
p
b
t
d
Wâ&#x20AC;ŤŘ˘â&#x20AC;Ź
Gâ&#x20AC;ŤŢ&#x201C;â&#x20AC;Ź
k
lĂŞn trĂŞn
xa
trĂŞn
tĂłc
cᝧa tôi
con bò
Ě&#x201D;
pea (n.):
boat (n.):
tea (n.):
dog (n.):
cheese(n.):
June (n.):
car (n.):
go (v.):
f
v
ÔŹ
Ă°
s
z
â&#x20AC;ŤŘ˘â&#x20AC;Ź
â&#x20AC;ŤŢ&#x201C;â&#x20AC;Ź
hất Ä&#x2018;áşu
thuyáť n
trĂ
con chĂł
phĂ´ mai
thĂĄng 6
xe Ă´ tĂ´
Ä&#x2018;i
fly (v.):
video (n.):
think (v.):
this (pro.): Ä&#x2018;ây
see (v.): nhÏn thẼy
zoo (n.):
shell (n.):
vision (n.):
m
n
Ó&#x201D;
h
l
r
w
j
bay
man (n.): Ä&#x2018;Ă n Ă´ng
vi-Ä&#x2018;ĂŞ-Ă´
now (adv.): bây gi�
nghÄŠ
sing (v.): hĂĄt
hat (n.): cĂĄi mĹŠ
love(v.): yĂŞu
sáť&#x; thĂş
red (adj.): Ä&#x2018;áť?
cĂĄi váť?
wet (adj.): Ć°áť&#x203A;t
tầm nhÏn
year (n.): nÄ&#x192;m
]_ट- Ő ;-mbm]ő r_࢙| vbm_
-uov;
_࢚m |ૺ Ő -v| r-uঞ1brѴ;ő -ubv;m
- -h;
9࢙m_ |_ૹ1ķ |_ૹ1
- oh;
- oh;m
|_जķ Ѵ࢘ķ 0ङķ
-vņ ;u;
0;;m
l-m]ķ 1_ङ 9૽m]
0ou;
0oum;
become
|u m࣑m
0;1-l;
0;1ol;
begin
0ࢩ| 9ࢥ
0;]-m
0;] m
bind
0 ॥1ķ |uॕb
0o m7
0o m7
bleed
1_ࢣ l࢙
0Ѵ;7
0Ѵ;7
blow
|_ॣb
0Ѵ;
0Ѵo m
0u;-h
9ࢨr
0uoh;
0uoh;m
0u;;7
m ॖbķ 7ࢢ 7।
0u;7
0u;7
0ubm]
l-m] 9ࣝm
0uo ]_|
0uo ]_|
0uo-71-v|
r_࢙| |_-m_
0uo-71-v|
0uo-71-v|
0 bѴ7
࢚ 7૽m]
0 bѴ|
0 bѴ|
0 um
9ॡ|ķ 1_࢙
0 um|ņ0 um;7
0 um|ņ0 um;7
0
l -
0o ]_|
0o ]_|
1-v|
m࣐lķ | m]
1-v|
1-v|
1-|1_
0ࢩ|ķ 1_েr
1- ]_|
1- ]_|
choose
1_य़mķ Ѵ૽-
1_ov;
1_ov;m
come
9ࣝmķ 9b 9ࣝm
1-l;
1ol;
cost
1ॕ ]b࢙ Ѵ࢘
1ov|
1ov|
1 |
1ࢩ|ķ 1_ࢭ|
1 |
1 |
7;-Ѵ
]b-o |_b࣡r
7;-Ѵ|
7;-Ѵ|
dig
9࢘o
7 ]
7 ]
dive
Ѵࢭmĸ Ѵ-o ॡm]
7o ;ņ 7b ;7
7b ;7
7u-
ࣜĸ h࣐o
7u;
7u- m
7u;-l
lǨ |_ࢤ
7u;-l|ņ 7u;-l;7
7u;-l|ņ 7u;-l;7
7ubmh
ॡm]
7u-mh
7u mh
be 0;-u
࢙ h_ૹ Ő -v| |;mv;ő
137
ݺ॥m] |ૺ m] ࣑m |_ࣟ Ő mCmbঞ ;ő -ubv;
ࡣ ࡣ ՊҋՊ *
2
ܸ ࠞݺ$૰ ܹ$ &+ $ܾ TABLE OF IRREGULAR VERBS
3
$рбг рл▓ PROVERBS
$рзЗ1 m]рл╝ ┼Р uo┬И;u0v┼С
]_рдЯ- ┼Р ;CmbржЮom┼С
рбг $ тАл ▄м рл▓ ▐Р ▄лтАм$ тАл ! ▄┐ ▐МтАм
142
A 0╤┤;vvbm] bm 7bv]┬Жbv;
$uom] 1рвЩb uрзИb 1реХ 1рвЩb l-┬Л─║
0-7 0;]bmmbm] l-h;v - ]oo7 ;m7bm]─║
тАл┬Ж┬К ┬Жрве▌║тАмреЦb─╖ 9┬ЖреЦb ╤┤реЯ|─║
0v;m1; l-h;v |_; _;-u| ]uo┬Й =om7;u─║
рвШm] ┬К- 1рвШm] m_рл┤─║
1╤┤;-m _-m7 ┬Й-m|v mo ┬Й-v_bm]─║
рвЪ┬Л m]-┬Л h_реЦm] vрл╕ 1_ргЭ| 9рл╣m]─║
1ржЮomv vr;-h ╤┤o┬Ж7;u |_-m ┬Йou7v─║
рвШl _-┬Л _╟иm mреХb─║
77 =┬Ж;╤┤ |o |_; Cu;─║
тАлргС_| рег▌║тАмl 7рве┬Ж ┬ИрвШo ╤┤рл╗-─║
7uor bm |_; 0┬Ж1h;|
┬Жребb 0реа 0bргЯm─║
Yo┬Й ┬Йb╤┤╤┤ _-┬И; -m ;00─║
"реЦm] 1реХ h_рж┐1 m]╟йрл╡b 1реХ ╤┤рж┐1─║
=ub;m7 bm m;;7 bv - =ub;m7 bm7;;7─║
oрввm mрввm lрл┤b 0bргЭ| 0рввm _bргЮm─║
]oo7 m-l; bv 0;┬В;u |_-m ub1_;v─║
$реб| 7-m_ _╟иm ╤┤рвШm_ рвЩo─║
]oo7 m-l; bv voom;u ╤┤ov| |_-m ┬Йom─║
┬Ж- 7-m_ 0- ┬Ирввm─╖ 0рвЩm 7-m_ 0- 9ревm]─║
╤┤╤┤ ]oo7 uo-7v ╤┤;-7 |o !ol;─║
тАл▌║тАм╟йрл╡m] mрвШo 1тАл╫мтАмm] 9ргЭm - рвЫ─║
fo┬Жum;┬Л o= - |_o┬Жv-m7 lb╤┤;v 0;]bmv ┬Йb|_ - vbm]╤┤; v|;r─║ ╤┤╤┤ ]oo7 |_bm]v ┼Рl┬Жv|┼С 1ol; |o -m ;m7─║
реЯb _рвШm_ |uрдЬm_ 9ргЮ┬Ж 0рвй| 9рве┬Ж |рл║ lрее| 0╟йрл┤1 9b─║
╤┤╤┤ |_-| ]╤┤b┬В;uv bv mo| ]o╤┤7─║
_реЦm] r_рвгb lреЯb |_рл╣ ╤┤рвдr ╤┤рвЩm_ 9ргЮ┬Ж ╤┤рвШ ┬ИрвШm]─║
lbvv bv -v ]oo7 -v - lb╤┤;─║
"-b lрее| ╤┤b 9b lрее| 7рвнl─║
m ;┬Л; =ou -m ;┬Л;─╖ - |oo|_ =ou - |oo|_
▄▒m lbргЭm] |uрвг lbргЭm]─║
rb1|┬Жu; bv ┬Йou|_ - |_o┬Жv-m7 ┬Йou7v─║
реХb 1реХ vрвЩ1_─╖ lрвЩ1_ 1реХ 1_рл╣m]─║
uo╤┤╤┤bm] v|om; ]-|_;uv mo lovv─║ v roou -v - 1_┬Жu1_ lo┬Жv;
_рвд| m]_ргб ржЮm_─╖ m_рвд| |_рвЪm ┬Иbm_┼Ж$uрвЮl _-┬Л h_реЦm] 0рвкm] |-┬Л t┬Ж;m─║ ]_ргПo uрл┤| lревm] |╟иb─║
v v|uom] -v - _ouv;
_реа; m_╟й |uрвЪ┬Ж─║
|_b;= hmo┬Йv - |_b;= -v - ┬Йo╤┤= hmo┬Йv - ┬Йo╤┤=─║
"┬Ж┬Л 0рзЗm] |- u- 0рзЗm] m]╟йрл╡b─║
┬Й-|1_;7 ro| m;┬И;u 0ob╤┤;7─║
рвжm |рвй1 ┬ИреЦ рвЩ┬Л mрвЩ┬Л─║
┬Жрее1 ┬И┬Жb mрвШo 1тАл╫мтАмm] 9ргЭm _ревb hргЭ| |_рж┐1─║
B -7 m;┬Йv _-v ┬Йbm]v─║
$bргЭm] 7рл╝ 9ревm ┬К-─║
-uhbm] 7o]v v;╤┤7ol 0b|;─║
_реХ vрзИ- ╤┤рвШ 1_реХ h_реЦm] 1рвйm─║
;-| -uo┬Жm7 |_; 0┬Жv_
реХb ┬ИреФm] ┬Иo |-l t┬Жреб1─║
࢙b mࣝ| 9࢙m_ 1_ࣝ| 1࢙b 9ࣚrĺ
;- | bv bm |_; ; ; o= |_; 0;_oѴ7;u ĺ
+࣑ m࣑m |ॡ|ķ ]_࣐| m࣑m ࢤ ĺ
;]]-uĽv 0-]v -u; 0o olѴ;vvĺ
॔m] |_-l h_ॖm] 9࢙ ĺ
;]]-uv 1-mĽ| 0; 1_oov;uvĺ
ܱm l࢘ 1॔m 9॔b ॖb ]ࢤ1ĺ
;]bmmbm] bv |_; 7bL1 Ѵ| ĺ
(ࢢm v૽ h_b 9ࢥ m-mĺ
; ;u 7b; b|_ _omou |_-m Ѵb ; b|_ v_-l; ; ;u 7b; - 0;]]-u |_-m Ѵb ; - 0;]]-u ; ;u 7b; om o u =;;| |_-m Ѵb ; om o u hm;;v ; ;u - ]Ѵoubo v 7;-|_ |_-m - v_-l;= Ѵ Ѵb=;
$_࢘ 1_ࣝ| bm_ 1॔m _Ǩm vॡm] m_ে1ĺ
; ;u Ѵ-|; |_-m m; ;u
॥m 1॔m _Ǩm h_ॖm] 0-o ]bĺ
bu7v o= - =;-|_;u Yo1h |o];|_;u
]ǩ |ࢥl m]ǩ ķ l࢛ |ࢥl l࢛ĺ
b ;u rbѴѴv l- _- ; 0Ѵ;vv;7 ;@;1|vĺ
$_ ॡ1 9ࢩm] 7࢛ |ࢨ|ĺ
b ;u rbѴѴ |o v -ѴѴo
"૽ |_ࢨ| r_ r_࢘m]ĺ
Ѵoo7 bv |_b1h;u |_-m -|;uĺ
॥| ]bय़| l࢙ 9࢘o _Ǩm -o mǩ1 Ѵ࢛ĺ
oum b|_ - vbѴ ;u vroom bm om;Ľv lo |_ĺ
"ǩm] |ૺ |uom] |uૹm] vǩm] u-
࢙b mࣝ| 9࢙m_ 1_ࣝ| 1࢙b 9ࣚrĺ
ࡣ ࡣ ՊҋՊ *
;- | 7b;v -m7 =-7;v - - 0 | ]Ѵ _oѴ7v b|v o mĺ ;- | bv omѴ vhbmŊ7;;rĺ
_ࣝ| bm_ 1॔m _Ǩm vॡm] m_ে1ĺ
ॕb ]ࢥm mॕb - 1_ࢫm] t - mॕb |_ࢨ|ĺ
-uu 1o-Ѵv |o ; 1-v|Ѵ;
_ 1ৈb ࣞ uૺm]ĺ
Ѵ;-mѴbm;vv bv m; | |o ]o7Ѵbm;vvĺ
_࢘ vࢢ1_ |_ज l࢙|ķ 0࢙| vࢢ1_ m]om 1Ǩlĺ
Ѵo|_;v 7o;v mo| l-h; - l-mĺ
-m_ ࢙o h_ॖm] Ѵ࢘l m࣑m |_ࢥ | ĺ
omv|-m| 7ubrrbm] ;-uv - - v|om;ĺ
ǩ1 1_ࢣ 9࢙ l॔mĺ
uv;v 1ol; _ol; |o uoov|ĺ
ܬ1 ]bࢣ ࢙1 0࢙oĺ
| o u 1o-| -11ou7bm] |o o u 1Ѵo|_
b࣡ 1Ǩl ]ࢩr lࢩlĺ D
b-lom7 1 |v 7b-lom7ĺ
(ॠ t | 7࢘ 1ॕ lॕm] |- m_य़mĺ
bѴb];m1; bv |_; lo|_;u o= ]oo7 =ou| m;ĺ
ॕ 1ॖm] l࢘b vࢩ| 1ॕ m]࢘ m࣑m hblĺ
o -v v- ķ mo| -v 7oĺ
b mॕb h_ॖm] 9b 9ॖb b b࣡1 Ѵ࢘lĺ
omŝ| 0b|; o@ lou; |_-m o 1-m 1_; ĺ
$_-l |_૽1ķ 1૽1 |_࢚mĺ
obm] mo|_bm] bv 7obm] bѴѴĺ
_࢘m 1ǩ b 0ࢤ| |_b࣡mĺ
omĽ| 0b|; |_; _-m7 |_-| =;;7v o ĺ
ૺݺm] ࢞m 1_࢙o 9࢙ 0࢙|
omĽ| 1o m| o u 1_b1h;mvķ 0;=ou; |_; -u; _-|1_ĺ _ǩ- 9। ॖm] ]_࣏ 9࢛ 9; ࢘m] |ॣm]ĺ omĽ| f 7]; - 0ooh 0 b|v 1o ;uĺ
ૺݺm] 9࢙m_ ]b࢙ 1om m]ǩb t - 0ࣞ m]o࢘bĺ
omĽ| r | -ѴѴ o= o u ;]]v bm om; 0-vh;|ĺ
_ॖm] 9ࣟ |ࢤ| 1ࢣ |uૹm] ࢘o l॥| ]bॠĺ
143
-ѴѴ - vr-7; - vr-7;
4 тАл▌║тАмрееm] |рл║ ┼Р(;u0v┼С -0-m7om─╣ 0реа u╟иb─╖ |рл║ 0реа
рбг $рл░ тАл▐МтАм$ рло COLLOCATIONS
┼О -┬В;lr|┼Ж ;@ou|─╣ mред ╤┤рл╜1
┼О r╤┤-m─╣ hргЭ _oрвв1_
┼О 1om┬И;mржЮom─╣ |рвиr t┬ЖрвЩm
┼О _or;─╣ _b ┬ИреЯm]
┼О 1_b╤┤7─╣ 9рл╣- |uргЫ
┼О |u-7bржЮom─╣ |u┬Ж┬ЛргЮm |_ребm]
┼О =-b|_─╣ mbргЮl ржЮm
┼О bm=-m|─╣ |uргЫ v╟и vbm_
┼О b7;-─╣ рзе |╟йрл╢m]
┼О 1-u;;u─╣ vрл╜ m]_bргбr
┼О om;v;╤┤=─╣ 0рвгm |_рвЪm
┼О ro╤┤b1┬Л─╣ 1_рдЭm_ vрвЩ1_
┼О rovbржЮom─╣ ┬ИрдЩ |uрдЭ
┼О ruor;u|┬Л─╣ |рвШb vрвгm
┼О rubm1br╤┤;─╣ m]┬Ж┬ЛргСm |рвй1
┼О -|lovr_;u;─╣ h_реЦm] h_рдЭ
┼О _;-|─╣ m_bргб|
┼О 1┬Ж╤┤|┬Жu;─╣ ┬ИрвЮm _oрвЩ
┼О m┬Ж|ub;m|─╣ 7bm_ 7╟йрл╖m]
┼О lobv|┬Жu;─╣ _╟иb рвжl
┼О bm=oul-ржЮom─╣ |_реЦm] ржЮm
┼О u-7b-ржЮom─╣ r_реХm] ┬Крвв
┼О ┬Й-|;u─╣ m╟йрл┤1
┼О 1o┬Жm|u┬Л─╣ 9рвд| m╟йрл┤1
-0vou0─╣ ржЮргЭr |_┬Ж
рбг $ тАл ▄м рл▓ ▐Р ▄лтАм$ тАл ! ▄┐ ▐МтАм
150
┼О 1_b╤┤7─╣ 9рл╣- |uргЫ -0┬Жv;─╣ ╤┤рввl 7рзЗm]─╖ _рвШm_ _рвв ┼О ro┬Й;u─╣ t┬Ж┬ЛргЮm ╤┤рл╜1
┼О ┬Йol-m─╣ r_рзЗ mрл╝
┼О v┬Ж0v|-m1;─╣ 1_рвд| hрдЭ1_ |_рдЭ1_
┼О -╤┤1o_o╤┤─╣ u╟йрл╕┬Ж
┼О 7u┬Ж]─╣ |_┬Жреб1
-11;╤┤;u-|;─╣ m_-m_ 1_реХm]
┼О lo|ou─╣ ┬К; lрвЩ┬Л
┼О u;-1ржЮom─╣ r_рвгm рл╣m]
┼О 7;┬И;╤┤orl;m|─╣ vрл╜ r_рвЩ| |ubргЯm
┼О lo┬И;l;m|─╣ 1_┬Ж┬ЛргЯm 9рееm]
┼О vr;;7─╣ |реб1 9рее
┼О ruo]u;vv─╣ ржЮргЭm 0рее
-1_b;┬И;─╣ 9рвв| 9╟йрл╕1
┼О ]o-╤┤─╣ lрзЗ1 9рдЭ1_
┼О r┬Жurov;─╣ lрзЗ1 ржЮргС┬Ж
┼О 7;vbu;─╣ _-l l┬Жребm
┼О o0f;1ржЮ┬И;─╣ lрзЗ1 ржЮргС┬Ж
┼О ro┬Й;u─╣ vрл╣1 lрввm_
┼О ;@;1|─╣ _bргб┬Ж t┬Жрвг
┼О u;v┬Ж╤┤|─╣ hргЭ| t┬Жрвг
┼О 0-╤┤-m1;─╣ vрл╜ 1рвЪm 0рвкm]
┼О =;-|─╣ 1_bргЭm 1реЦm]
┼О v┬Ж11;vv─╣ |_рвШm_ 1реЦm]
┼О ro╤┤b1┬Л─╣ 1_рдЭm_ vрвЩ1_
┼О ]uo┬Й|_─╣ vрл╜ r_рвЩ| |ubргЯm
┼О 1om|uo╤┤─╣ vрл╜ hbргЯl voрвЩ|
┼О orrou|┬Жmb|┬Л─╣ 1╟и _рееb
┼О ржЮl;─╣ |_рл╡b ]b-m
┼О lom;┬Л─╣ ржЮргЮm 0рвв1
┼О bm=oul-ржЮom─╣ |_реЦm] ржЮm
┼О ro┬Й;u─╣ vрл╣1 lрввm_
┼О ┬Й;-╤┤|_─╣ vрл╜ ]bрвШ┬Ж 1реХ
┼О ruor;u|┬Л─╣ |рвШb vрвгm
┼О hmo┬Й╤┤;7];─╣ |ub |_рл╣1
┼О ┬Й;-rom─╣ ┬ИтАл ╫мтАмh_рдЭ
┼О vhb╤┤╤┤─╣ hрзл mрвЮm]
┼О v|-|┬Жv─╣ 9рдЩ- ┬ИрдЩ
┼О |;uub|ou┬Л─╣ ╤┤рвЫm_ |_рег
┼О ub]_|─╣ t┬Ж┬ЛргЮm
-77u;vv─╣ 0рвШm ╤┤┬Жрвиm
┼О m-l;─╣ |ргСm
┼О v┬Ж0f;1|─╣ 9ребb |╟йрл╕m]
-7lbu;─╣ m]╟йрл╖m] lрее
┼О v|┬Л╤┤;─╣ r_om] 1рвЩ1_
┼О ];mb┬Жv─╣ |_bргСm |рвШb
┼О 1o┬Жu-];─╣ vрл╜ 7тАл╫мтАмm] 1рвгl
┼О |-╤┤;m|─╣ |рвШb mрвЮm]
┼О ┬Йbv7ol─╣ vрл╜ h_реЦm m]o-m
┼О t┬Ж-╤┤b|┬Л─╣ r_рвжl 1_рвд|
┼О -0b╤┤b|┬Л─╣ h_рвг mрвЮm]
┼О 0;-┬Ж|┬Л─╣ ┬ИргЫ 9ргЪr
-1t┬Жbu;─╣ |_┬Ж 9╟йрл╕1─╖ ]bрвШm_ 9╟йрл╕1
┼О t┬Ж;vржЮom─╣ 1рвЪ┬Ж _реаb
┼О bvv┬Ж;┼Ж l-┬В;u┼Ж ruo0╤┤;l─╣ ┬Ирвдm 9ргЮ
┼О -ржо|┬Ж7;─╣ |_рвЩb 9рее -7or|─╣ m_рвиm m┬ЖреЦb─╖ ╤┤рвШl |_;o ┼О 1om┬И;mржЮom─╣ |рвиr t┬ЖрвЩm
┼О 1_b╤┤7─╣ 9рл╣- |uргЫ
┼О ro╤┤b1┬Л─╣ 1_рдЭm_ vрвЩ1_
┼О -rruo-1_─╣ _╟йрл┤m] ржЮргЭr 1рвиm ┼О |;1_mbt┬Ж;─╣ hрзл |_┬Жрви|
┼О v┬Лv|;l─╣ _ргб |_ребm]
┼О r;u=oul-m1;─╣ vрл╜ |_ргЯ _bргбm ┼О t┬Ж-╤┤b|┬Л─╣ 1_рвд| ╤┤╟йрл╕m]
┼О ржЮl;─╣ |_рл╡b ]b-m
┼О ╤┤b=;─╣ 1┬Жрее1 vребm]
┼О ro╤┤b1┬Л─╣ 1_рдЭm_ vрвЩ1_
┼О 1om7bржЮom─╣ 9bргЮ┬Ж hbргбm
┼О o┬Ж|1ol;─╣ hргЭ| t┬Жрвг
┼О ┬И-╤┤┬Ж;─╣ ]bрвЩ |uрдЩ
┼О 7;1bvbom─╣ t┬Ж┬ЛргЭ| 9рдЩm_
-╤┤╤┤o1-|;─╣ r_рвЪm ┼О ;┬Кr;m7b|┬Жu;─╣ vрл╜ ржЮргС┬Ж 7рж╛m] ┼О lom;┬Л─╣ ржЮргЮm 1_b┼О =┬Жm7─╣ t┬Жрзл ┼О v;-|─╣ 1_ред m]ревb
┼О ржЮl;─╣ |_рл╡b ]b-m
-╤┤|;u─╣ |_-┬Л 9регb─╖ ┼О ou7;u─╣ |_рл╣ |рл╜ |_-┬Л |_ргЭ ┼О 1om1╤┤┬Жvbom─╣ hргЭ| ╤┤┬Жрвиm
┼О 1bu1┬Жlv|-m1;─╣ _oрвШm 1рвгm_
┼О m-|┬Жu;─╣ 0рвгm 1_рвд|
┼О ╤┤-┬Й─╣ ╤┤┬Жрви|
┼О ;]o─╣ 1рвЩb |реЦb
┼О 1om7bржЮom─╣ 9bргЮ┬Ж hbргбm
┼О rovbржЮom─╣ ┬ИрдЩ |uрдЭ
┼О 0;_-┬Иbo┬Жu─╣ 1рвЩ1_ _рвШm_ ┬Крл╗
┼О u;v┬Ж╤┤|─╣ hргЭ| t┬Жрвг
┼О vb|┬Ж-ржЮom─╣ ржЯm_ _┬Жребm]
┼О r;u1;rржЮom─╣ m_рвиm |_рл╣1
┼О v┬Лv|;l─╣ _ргб |_ребm]
┼О u;v┬Ж╤┤|─╣ hргЭ| t┬Жрвг
┼О ┬Йouh─╣ 1реЦm] ┬Иbргб1
рбг рбг ╒К╥Л╒К *
-@;1|─╣ рвгm_ _╟йрл╢m]
┼О u;╤┤-ржЮomv_br─╣ lребb t┬Ж-m _ргб
-m-╤┤┬Лv;─╣ r_рвЪm ┼О u;-vom─╣ ╤┤рзе 7o ржа1_ ┼О v|u┬Ж1|┬Жu;─╣ 1рвд┬Ж |uрж┐1
┼О -rruo-1_─╣ _╟йрл┤m] ржЮргЭr 1рвиm ┼О m;;7─╣ m_┬Ж 1рве┬Ж ┼О m-|┬Жu;─╣ 0рвгm 1_рвд|
┼О bm=oul-ржЮom─╣ |_реЦm] ржЮm
┼О uo╤┤;─╣ ┬И-b |uреФ
┼О ruo1;vv─╣ t┬ЖрвЩ |uрдЬm_
┼О blr-1|─╣ рвгm_ _╟йрл╢m]
┼О t┬Ж;vржЮom─╣ 1рвЪ┬Ж _реаb
┼О ruo0╤┤;l─╣ ┬Ирвдm 9ргЮ
┼О vb|┬Ж-ржЮom─╣ ржЯm_ _┬Жребm]
┼О 0;-┬Ж|┬Л─╣ ┬ИргЫ 9ргЪr
┼О hbm7m;vv─╣ ╤┤реФm] |реб|
┼О robm|─╣ t┬Ж-m 9bргЯl
┼О -vvbv|-m1;─╣ vрл╜ |uрл╕ ]bрж┐r
┼О ┬И-╤┤┬Ж;─╣ ]bрвЩ |uрдЩ
┼О ;@ou|─╣ mред ╤┤рл╜1
┼О rovbржЮom─╣ ┬ИрдЩ |uрдЭ
┼О r;u=;1ржЮom─╣ vрл╜ _oрвШm _рвгo
┼О o0f;1ржЮ┬И;─╣ lрзЗ1 ржЮргС┬Ж
┼О |u┬Ж|_─╣ vрл╜ |_рл╜1
┼О v|-|;─╣ ржЯm_ |uрввm]
┼О hmo┬Й╤┤;7];─╣ |ub |_рл╣1
┼О v|-|┬Жv─╣ 9рдЩ- ┬ИрдЩ
┼О 7;]u;;─╣ 0рвкm] 1рвдr
-┬Вu-1|─╣ |_┬Ж _рж┐|
┼О bm┬И;v|l;m|─╣ 9рве┬Ж |╟й
┼О bm|;u;v|─╣ vрл╜ _рл╣m] |_рж┐
┼О -┬В;mржЮom─╣ vрл╜ 1_рж┐ рзе
┼О -┬Ж7b;m1;─╣ h_рвЩm ]bрвг
┼О 1┬Жv|ol;u─╣ h_рвЩ1_ _рвШm]
┼О ;@ou|─╣ mред ╤┤рл╜1
0-m─╣ 1рвдl
┼О v╤┤-┬Ж]_|;u─╣ vрл╜ |рвШm vрвЩ|
┼О |u-7;─╣ |_╟й╟иm] lрввb
┼О ┬Й;-rom─╣ ┬ИтАл ╫мтАмh_рдЭ
┼О ruo7┬Ж1ржЮom─╣ vрвгm ┬К┬Жрвд|
┼О -0ouржЮom─╣ r_рвЩ |_-b
┼О -7┬И;uржЮvbm]─╣ t┬Жрвгm] 1рвЩo
┼О 7bv1ublbm-ржЮom─╣ r_рвЪm 0bргб|
┼О vlohbm]─╣ _рж┐| |_┬Жреб1 ╤┤рвЩ
┼О 0ooh─╣ vрвЩ1_
┼О ┬Й;b]_|─╣ vрл╣1 mрвнm]
┼О 1_b╤┤7─╣ 9рл╣- |uргЫ
┼О 0┬Жu7;m─╣ ]рвЩm_ mрвнm]
┼О 1ov|─╣ ]bрвЩ
┼О =u┬Жb|v─╣ _o- t┬Жрвг
┼О ]u┬Ж7];─╣ lребb _рвиm |_рж╛
┼О m-l;─╣ |ргСm
┼О bm|;u;v|─╣ ╤┤рвЫb
┼О u;vromvb0b╤┤b|┬Л─╣ |uрвЩ1_ m_bргбl
┼О u;╤┤-ржЮomv_br─╣ lребb t┬Ж-m _ргб ┼О 7b@;u;m1;─╣ vрл╜ h_рвЩ1 0bргб| -rru;1b-|;─╣ 9рвЩm_ ]bрвЩ─╖ 1рвгl ┼О orrou|┬Жmb|┬Л─╣ 1╟и _рееb hрдЭ1_ ┼О ┬Йouh─╣ 1реЦm] ┬ИbргС1 ┼О vb]mbC1-m1;─╣ vрл╜ t┬Ж-m |uреЯm]
-┬В-bm─╣ 9рвв| 9╟йрл╕1
┼О 7u┬Ж]─╣ |_┬Жреб1
0;-u─╣ 1_рдЩ┬Ж 9рл╜m]─╖ l-m]─╖ ┬ИрвЩ1─╖ vbm_ vрвгm
┼О u;v;l0╤┤-m1;─╣ vрл╜ ]bребm] m_-┬Ж
151
┼О 0;_-┬Иbo┬Жu─╣ 1рвЩ1_ _рвШm_ ┬Крл╗
Ć?ќĺ â&#x20AC;Ť ૲ ܸݺâ&#x20AC;Ź INVERSION
Ĺ&#x2C6; _ढ़m r_ǧnjm] Ţłm 9ŕŁ?m] m_Ţž|ĸ
Ĺ&#x2C6; (bߡ| Ѳޟb 1Ţł1 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; v-Â&#x2020; v-o 1_o m]_ŕ ş- h_ॲm] 9ॿbÄś vŕ¨&#x2DC; 7ࣼm] ]ŕ¨&#x2022;b ŕ¤&#x192; 9ǧŕ¨&#x2022;1 1_o vß&#x2020;mĸ
1. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Far away as she was, she could see that he was watching her. Giải thĂch: Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť cháť&#x2030; sáťą nhưᝣng báť&#x2122; Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i cĂł cẼu trĂşc â&#x20AC;&#x153;Although + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + tĂnh tᝍâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;TĂnh tᝍ + as + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-beâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: CĂ´ Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;i xa Ä&#x2018;áşżn nhĆ° váşy nhĆ°ng cĂ´ vẍn cĂł tháť&#x192; thẼy ráşąng anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ang dĂľi theo cĂ´. Although she was far away, she could see that he was watching her. (Mạc dĂš cĂ´ Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;i xa nhĆ°ng cĂ´ vẍn cĂł tháť&#x192; thẼy ráşąng anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ang dĂľi theo cĂ´.) 2. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Rainy as it was, we put on our jackets and went for a walk. Giải thĂch: Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť cháť&#x2030; sáťą nhưᝣng báť&#x2122; Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i cĂł cẼu trĂşc â&#x20AC;&#x153;Even though + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + tĂnh tᝍâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;TĂnh tᝍ + as + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-beâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Tráť?i mĆ°a Ä&#x2018;áşżn nhĆ° váşy nhĆ°ng chĂşng tĂ´i vẍn mạc ĂĄo khoĂĄc vĂ ra ngoĂ i Ä&#x2018;i dấo. Even though it was rainy, we put on our jackets and went for a walk. (Mạc dĂš tráť?i mĆ°a nhĆ°ng chĂşng tĂ´i vẍn mạc ĂĄo khoĂĄc vĂ ra ngoĂ i Ä&#x2018;i dấo.) 3. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Hard as Lucian studied, he couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t pass the university entrance exam. Giải thĂch: Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť cháť&#x2030; sáťą nhưᝣng báť&#x2122; Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i cĂł cẼu trĂşc â&#x20AC;&#x153;Although + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + trấng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;trấng tᝍ + as + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Ä?ĂŁ háť?c hĂ nh chÄ&#x192;m cháť&#x2030; Ä&#x2018;áşżn nhĆ° váşy nhĆ°ng Lucian vẍn khĂ´ng tháť&#x192; Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2014; Ä&#x2018;ấi háť?c. Although Lucian studied hard, he couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t pass the university entrance exam. (Mạc dĂš Lucian Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ háť?c hĂ nh chÄ&#x192;m cháť&#x2030;, anh Ẽy vẍn khĂ´ng tháť&#x192; Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2014; Ä&#x2018;ấi háť?c.)
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1. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: A. glamorous it is Giải thĂch: Váť&#x2039; trĂ cần Ä&#x2018;iáť n náşąm sau tᝍ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; háť?i (How) trong cẼu trĂşc câu cảm thĂĄn: â&#x20AC;&#x153;How + tĂnh tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-beâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn A cĂł cẼu trĂşc â&#x20AC;&#x153;tĂnh tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;ấi tᝍ nhân xĆ°ng + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-beâ&#x20AC;? lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: How glamorous it is to be a model! (Ä?ưᝣc lĂ m máť&#x2122;t ngĆ°áť?i mẍu tháşt lĂ hĂ o nhoĂĄng!) 2. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: B. skillfully Giải thĂch: Váť&#x2039; trĂ cần Ä&#x2018;iáť n náşąm sau tᝍ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; háť?i (How) vĂ Ä&#x2018;ᝊng trĆ°áť&#x203A;c chᝧ ngᝯ (the craftsmen) trong cẼu trĂşc câu cảm thĂĄn: â&#x20AC;&#x153;How + trấng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ (created)â&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn B (trấng tᝍ) lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: How skillfully the craftsmen created that ceramic vase! (CĂĄc ngháť&#x2021; nhân Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ lĂ m ra chiáşżc bĂŹnh gáť&#x2018;m Ä&#x2018;Ăł máť&#x2122;t cĂĄch tháşt lĂ Ä&#x2018;iĂŞu luyáť&#x2021;n!) 3. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: A. There he stands Giải thĂch: Dáťąa vĂ o ngᝯ cảnh cᝧa Ä&#x2018;oấn háť&#x2122;i thoấi (... TĂ´i khĂ´ng thẼy anh ta áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;âu quanh Ä&#x2018;ây cả.), phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn phải dĂšng trấng tᝍ cháť&#x2030; Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;a Ä&#x2018;iáť&#x192;m â&#x20AC;&#x153;thereâ&#x20AC;? Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; tháť&#x192; hiáť&#x2021;n Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2018;i tưᝣng áť&#x; xa. Do chᝧ ngᝯ cᝧa câu lĂ Ä&#x2018;ấi tᝍ nhân xĆ°ng (he) nĂŞn cẼu trĂşc cᝧa phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn A (There + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ) lĂ chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Do you see the receptionist? I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t find him anywhere around here.â&#x20AC;? (Bấn cĂł thẼy ngĆ°áť?i láť&#x2026; tân khĂ´ng? TĂ´i khĂ´ng thẼy anh ta áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;âu quanh Ä&#x2018;ây cả.) - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Follow this corridor until the end. There he stands.â&#x20AC;? (Ä?i Ä&#x2018;áşżn cuáť&#x2018;i cĂĄi hĂ nh lang nĂ y. Anh ta Ä&#x2018;ᝊng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;Ăł.) 4. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: B. There are ten dollars Giải thĂch: Dáťąa vĂ o ngᝯ cảnh cᝧa Ä&#x2018;oấn háť&#x2122;i thoấi (... áť&#x; trĂŞn chiáşżc bĂ n kia.), phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn phải dĂšng trấng tᝍ cháť&#x2030; Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;a Ä&#x2018;iáť&#x192;m â&#x20AC;&#x153;thereâ&#x20AC;? Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; tháť&#x192; hiáť&#x2021;n Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2018;i tưᝣng áť&#x; xa. Ă p d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc â&#x20AC;&#x153;There + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯâ&#x20AC;?, phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn B lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa:â&#x20AC;&#x153;There are ten dollars on that table. Take it and go buy a chocolate cake for me.â&#x20AC;? (CĂł mĆ°áť?i Ä&#x2018;Ă´-la áť&#x; trĂŞn chiáşżc bĂ n kia. LẼy sáť&#x2018; tiáť n Ä&#x2018;Ăł vĂ Ä&#x2018;i mua máť&#x2122;t cĂĄi bĂĄnh sĂ´-cĂ´-la cho tĂ´i.)
â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ÜŹÝşâ&#x20AC;ŹĹ&#x; ܸ $ ß&#x2C6; Ő&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; + Ĺ&#x; * $
(thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn), nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn B (thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn) lĂ Ä&#x2018;ĂĄp ĂĄn Ä&#x2018;Ăşng. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: I asked Danielle what her job was, and she told me that she was an au pair. (TĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ háť?i Danielle cĂ´ng viáť&#x2021;c cᝧa cĂ´ Ẽy lĂ gĂŹ, vĂ cĂ´ Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ nĂłi váť&#x203A;i tĂ´i ráşąng cĂ´ Ẽy lĂ máť&#x2122;t ngĆ°áť?i giĂşp viáť&#x2021;c.)
4. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: However intriguing the new Netflixâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s show is actually, I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t enjoy it. Giải thĂch: Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť cháť&#x2030; sáťą nhưᝣng báť&#x2122; Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i cĂł cẼu trĂşc â&#x20AC;&#x153;though + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + tĂnh tᝍ (intriguing)â&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;However + tĂnh tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-beâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: ChĆ°ĆĄng trĂŹnh máť&#x203A;i cᝧa Netflix hẼp dẍn Ä&#x2018;áşżn nhĆ° váşy nhĆ°ng tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng thẼy hᝊng thĂş váť&#x203A;i nĂł. I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t enjoy the new Netflixâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s show though it is actually really intriguing. (TĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng thẼy hᝊng thĂş váť&#x203A;i chĆ°ĆĄng trĂŹnh máť&#x203A;i cᝧa Netflix mạc dĂš tháťąc sáťą nĂł khĂĄ hẼp dẍn.) 5. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: No matter how loudly I yelled at Tony, he didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t wake up. Giải thĂch: Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť cháť&#x2030; sáťą nhưᝣng báť&#x2122; Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i cĂł cẼu trĂşc â&#x20AC;&#x153;though + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + trấng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;No matter how + trấng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: HĂŠt to Ä&#x2018;áşżn tháşż nĂ o Ä&#x2018;i nᝯa thĂŹ tĂ´i vẍn khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;ĂĄnh thᝊc Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Tony. Tony didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t wake up even though I yelled at him so loudly. (Tony Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng thᝊc dáşy mạc dĂš tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ la hĂŠt anh Ẽy rẼt to tiáşżng.) 6. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: However dramatically the price of bus tickets has decreased, many people still prefer driving their own car. Giải thĂch: Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť cháť&#x2030; sáťą nhưᝣng báť&#x2122; Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i cĂł cẼu trĂşc â&#x20AC;&#x153;Even though + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + trấng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;However + trấng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: GiĂĄ vĂŠ xe buĂ˝t Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ giảm Ä&#x2018;áşżn nhĆ° váşy nhĆ°ng máť?i ngĆ°áť?i vẍn thĂch táťą lĂĄi Ă´ tĂ´ cᝧa háť? hĆĄn. Even though the price of bus tickets has decreased dramatically, many people still prefer driving their own car. (Mạc dĂš giĂĄ vĂŠ xe buĂ˝t Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ giảm rẼt mấnh nhĆ°ng nhiáť u ngĆ°áť?i vẍn thĂch táťą lĂĄi Ă´ tĂ´ cᝧa háť? hĆĄn.)
ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
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Ĺ&#x2C6; _ढ़m 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; 1ॹ m]_ŕ ş- ]Ţżm m_Ţž| Â&#x2C6;ŕ¨&#x2018;b 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; 9Ţľ 1_oĸ
1. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: B. At exactly 6 p.m. came Tony and his girlfriend. Giải thĂch: PhĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn B cĂł nghÄŠa gần nhẼt váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ cho so váť&#x203A;i cĂĄc phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn khĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Tony showed up with his girlfriend at 6 p.m. (Tony Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ xuẼt hiáť&#x2021;n cĂšng váť&#x203A;i bấn gĂĄi cᝧa anh Ẽy lĂşc 6 giáť? táť&#x2018;i.) A. First came Tony, then came his girldfriend at 6 p.m. (Ä?ầu tiĂŞn lĂ Tony xuẼt hiáť&#x2021;n, sau Ä&#x2018;Ăł bấn gĂĄi anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;áşżn lĂşc 6 giáť? táť&#x2018;i.) B. At exactly 6 p.m. came Tony and his girlfriend. (Ä?Ăşng 6 giáť? táť&#x2018;i, Tony vĂ bấn gĂĄi cᝧa anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;áşżn nĆĄi.) C. After Tony showed up, his girlfriend showed up. (Sau khi Tony xuẼt hiáť&#x2021;n, bấn gĂĄi anh Ẽy xuẼt hiáť&#x2021;n.) D. After the clock struck 6 came Tony, then came his girlfriend. (Sau khi Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng háť&#x201C; Ä&#x2018;iáť&#x192;m 6 giáť? Tony Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;áşżn, ráť&#x201C;i Ä&#x2018;áşżn lưᝣt bấn gĂĄi cᝧa anh Ẽy.) 2. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: A. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Why donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t you get your hair cut, Gavin?â&#x20AC;? said Adam. Giải thĂch: PhĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn A cĂł nghÄŠa gần nhẼt váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ cho so váť&#x203A;i cĂĄc phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn khĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Adam suggested that Gavin should have his hair cut. (Adam Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ gᝣi Ă˝ ráşąng Gavin nĂŞn Ä&#x2018;i cắt tĂłc.) A. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Why donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t you get your hair cut, Gavin?â&#x20AC;? said Adam. (â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tấi sao bấn khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;i cắt tĂłc Ä&#x2018;i, Gavin?â&#x20AC;? Adam nĂłi.) B. Ugly as Gavinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hair was, Adam didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t encourage Gavin to cut his hair. (TĂłc Gavin rẼt xẼu, nhĆ°ng Adam khĂ´ng khuyáşżn khĂch Gavin Ä&#x2018;i cắt tĂłc.) C. â&#x20AC;&#x153;What an ugly hair you have!â&#x20AC;? Adam said. (â&#x20AC;&#x153;TĂłc cáşu xẼu tháşż!â&#x20AC;? Adam nĂłi.) D. After Gavin saw Adam, he told Adam to have his hair cut. (Sau khi Gavin thẼy Adam, anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ bảo Adam Ä&#x2018;i cắt tĂłc.) 3. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: B. First I listened to Mary complain for half an hour, and then I felt completely exhausted. Giải thĂch: PhĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn B cĂł nghÄŠa gần nhẼt váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ cho so váť&#x203A;i cĂĄc phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn khĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: I felt completely exhausted when I had listened to Mary complain for half an hour. (TĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ thẼy hoĂ n toĂ n kiáť&#x2021;t sᝊc khi phải nghe Mary phĂ n nĂ n suáť&#x2018;t náťa tiáşżng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng háť&#x201C;.) A. Before I listened to Mary complain for half an hour, I had felt exhausted. (TrĆ°áť&#x203A;c khi nghe Mary phĂ n nĂ n suáť&#x2018;t náťa tiáşżng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng háť&#x201C;, tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ cảm thẼy kiáť&#x2021;t sᝊc.)
( Ĺ&#x2C6; (bߡ| 1Ţł1 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; r_ŕŁ&#x153; _ŕ¨&#x2022;r |_ßš _bßťm vŕ¨&#x161; 9फ़m] ŕ¤&#x192; 0ß&#x201E;m] 1Ţł1_ vŕ¨&#x2DC; 7ࣼm] |ŕ¨&#x2014; |uom] m]oß&#x2021;1 Ѳ޲l 1_࣌ m]ŕ¨&#x2122;ĸ
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1. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Never has John been to such a fantastic restaurant. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Never + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi hoĂ n thĂ nh, chᝧ ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Johnâ&#x20AC;? lĂ chᝧ ngᝯ sáť&#x2018; Ăt nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;hasâ&#x20AC;?, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;beenâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: ChĆ°a bao giáť? John tᝍng táť&#x203A;i máť&#x2122;t nhĂ hĂ ng tuyáť&#x2021;t váť?i nhĆ° váşy. John had never been to such a fantastic restaurant. ( John chĆ°a bao giáť? táť&#x203A;i máť&#x2122;t nhĂ hĂ ng nĂ o tuyáť&#x2021;t váť?i nhĆ° váşy.) 2. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: In no way do I want to be associated with this project. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;In no way + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;wantâ&#x20AC;?, chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;? nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;doâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: KhĂ´ng bao giáť? cĂł chuyáť&#x2021;n tĂ´i muáť&#x2018;n tham dáťą vĂ o dáťą ĂĄn nĂ y. I in no way want to be associated with his project. (TĂ´i khĂ´ng bao giáť? muáť&#x2018;n tham gia vĂ o dáťą ĂĄn nĂ y.)
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1. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: So has silver./ So has silver prices. Giải thĂch: Câu áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây tháť&#x192; hiáť&#x2021;n sáťą Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng tĂŹnh váť&#x203A;i máť&#x2122;t câu kháşłng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;nh trĆ°áť&#x203A;c Ä&#x2018;Ăł, nĂŞn ta sáť d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;So + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯâ&#x20AC;?. Ta cĂł chᝧ ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;silverâ&#x20AC;? lĂ chᝧ ngᝯ sáť&#x2018; Ăt, sáť d᝼ng thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi hoĂ n thĂ nh nĂŞn trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;hasâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - Gold prices have doubled over the last 5 years. (GiĂĄ vĂ ng Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ tÄ&#x192;ng lĂŞn gẼp Ä&#x2018;Ă´i trong 5 nÄ&#x192;m vᝍa qua.) - So has silver. (Bấc cĹŠng váşy.)/ So has silver prices. (GiĂĄ bấc cĹŠng váşy.) 2. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Neither did I. Giải thĂch: Câu áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây tháť&#x192; hiáť&#x2021;n sáťą Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng tĂŹnh váť&#x203A;i máť&#x2122;t câu phᝧ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;nh trĆ°áť&#x203A;c Ä&#x2018;Ăł, nĂŞn ta sáť d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Neither + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯâ&#x20AC;?. Ta cĂł câu sáť d᝼ng thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn nĂŞn trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;didâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t expect Jair Bolsonaro to become the President of Brazil. (TĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng nghÄŠ ráşąng Jair Bolsonaro sáş˝ tráť&#x; thĂ nh táť&#x2022;ng tháť&#x2018;ng cᝧa Bra-xin.) - Neither did I. (TĂ´i cĹŠng váşy thĂ´i.) 3. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: So is my brother. Giải thĂch: Câu áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây tháť&#x192; hiáť&#x2021;n sáťą Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng tĂŹnh váť&#x203A;i máť&#x2122;t câu kháşłng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;nh trĆ°áť&#x203A;c Ä&#x2018;Ăł, nĂŞn ta sáť d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;So + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ.â&#x20AC;? Ta cĂł chᝧ ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;my brotherâ&#x20AC;? lĂ chᝧ ngᝯ sáť&#x2018; Ăt, sáť d᝼ng thĂŹ tĆ°ĆĄng lai gần nĂŞn Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;isâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - We are going to participate in Springfield Summer Camp 2019. (ChĂşng tĂ´i sáş˝ tham dáťą vĂ o Trấi hè Springfield 2019. - So is my brother. (Anh trai tĂ´i cĹŠng váşy.) 4. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: So will Suzy. Giải thĂch: Câu áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây tháť&#x192; hiáť&#x2021;n sáťą Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng tĂŹnh váť&#x203A;i máť&#x2122;t câu kháşłng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;nh trĆ°áť&#x203A;c Ä&#x2018;Ăł, nĂŞn ta sáť d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;So + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ.â&#x20AC;? Ta sáť d᝼ng thĂŹ tĆ°ĆĄng lai Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn nĂŞn trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;willâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - Kathy will visit the famous town of Stradivari, Cremona in Italy next month. (Kathy sáş˝ táť&#x203A;i thÄ&#x192;m ngĂ´i lĂ ng Stradivari lᝍng danh áť&#x; Cremona, Ă? vĂ o thĂĄng táť&#x203A;i.) - So will Suzy. (Suzy cĹŠng váşy.) 5. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Neither did my father. Giải thĂch: Câu áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây tháť&#x192; hiáť&#x2021;n sáťą Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng tĂŹnh váť&#x203A;i máť&#x2122;t câu phᝧ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;nh trĆ°áť&#x203A;c Ä&#x2018;Ăł, nĂŞn ta sáť d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Neither + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ.â&#x20AC;? Ta cĂł câu sáť d᝼ng thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn nĂŞn trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;didâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - My father didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t vote for Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election. (Cha tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng báť? phiáşżu cho Trump trong cuáť&#x2122;c bầu cáť Táť&#x2022;ng tháť&#x2018;ng 2016.) - Neither did my father. (Cha tĂ´i cĹŠng váşy.)
â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ÜŹÝşâ&#x20AC;ŹĹ&#x; ܸ $ ß&#x2C6; Ő&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; + Ĺ&#x; * $
B. First I listened to Mary complain for half an hour, and then I felt completely exhausted. (TrĆ°áť&#x203A;c tiĂŞn tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ nghe Mary phĂ n nĂ n suáť&#x2018;t náťa tiáşżng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng háť&#x201C;, vĂ sau Ä&#x2018;Ăł tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ cảm thẼy kiáť&#x2021;t sᝊc.) C. After I had felt exhausted, I listened to Mary complain for half an hour. (Sau khi tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ cảm thẼy kiáť&#x2021;t sᝊc, tĂ´i nghe Mary phĂ n nĂ n suáť&#x2018;t náťa tiáşżng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng háť&#x201C;.) D. First I felt exhausted, and then I listened to Mary complain for half an hour. (TrĆ°áť&#x203A;c tiĂŞn tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ cảm thẼy kiáť&#x2021;t sᝊc, vĂ sau Ä&#x2018;Ăł tĂ´i nghe Mary phĂ n nĂ n suáť&#x2018;t náťa tiáşżng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng háť&#x201C;.)
238 ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
3. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Seldom do I leave my house so early. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Seldom + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;leaveâ&#x20AC;?, chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;? nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;doâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Hiáşżm khi mĂ tĂ´i ra kháť?i nhĂ sáť&#x203A;m nhĆ° váşy. I seldom leave my house so early. (TĂ´i hiáşżm khi ra kháť?i nhĂ sáť&#x203A;m nhĆ° váşy.) 4. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Rarely do people appreciate this musicianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s talent. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rarely + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;appreciateâ&#x20AC;?, chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;peopleâ&#x20AC;? nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;doâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Ă?t khi mĂ máť?i ngĆ°áť?i trân tráť?ng tĂ i nÄ&#x192;ng cᝧa ngĆ°áť?i nhấc cĂ´ng nĂ y. People rarely appreciate this musicianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s talent. (NgĆ°áť?i ta Ăt khi trân tráť?ng tĂ i nÄ&#x192;ng cᝧa ngĆ°áť?i nhấc cĂ´ng nĂ y.) 5. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Nowhere had they met such rude people before. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Nowhere + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ hòan thĂ nh, nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;hadâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ dấng quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;metâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: ChĆ°a tᝍng cĂł nĆĄi nĂ o mĂ háť? lấi gạp phải nhᝯng ngĆ°áť?i thĂ´ láť&#x2014; nhĆ° váşy. They had met such rude people nowhere before. (Háť? chĆ°a tᝍng gạp nhᝯng ngĆ°áť?i thĂ´ láť&#x2014; nhĆ° tháşż áť&#x; nĆĄi nĂ o cả.) 6. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Little did he understand about the situation. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Little + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;didâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;understandâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Anh ta Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng nắm rĂľ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc cĂĄi tĂŹnh hĂŹnh lĂşc Ẽy. 7. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: On no account should the children go on their own. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;On no account + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i cĂł chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;childrenâ&#x20AC;?, sáť d᝼ng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ khuyáşżt thiáşżu â&#x20AC;&#x153;shouldâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;goâ&#x20AC;? nĂŞn ta dĂšng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ khuyáşżt thiáşżu â&#x20AC;&#x153;shouldâ&#x20AC;? áť&#x; váť&#x2039; trĂ trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: BẼt cᝊ trĆ°áť?ng hᝣp nĂ o thĂŹ cĹŠng khĂ´ng nĂŞn Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; báť?n tráşť táťą Ä&#x2018;i máť&#x2122;t mĂŹnh. The children should on no account go on their own. (Báť?n tráşť khĂ´ng nĂŞn Ä&#x2018;i máť&#x2122;t mĂŹnh trong bẼt cᝊ trĆ°áť?ng hᝣp nĂ o.) 8. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Rarely does she allow strangers to enter her house. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rarely + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu gáť&#x2018;c áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn cĂł Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;allowsâ&#x20AC;?, chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;sheâ&#x20AC;? ngĂ´i thᝊ ba sáť&#x2018; Ăt, nĂŞn câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ cĂł trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;doesâ&#x20AC;? vĂ chia Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ áť&#x; dấng thĆ°áť?ng lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;allowâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Ă?t khi cĂ´ Ẽy Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; cho ngĆ°áť?i lấ vĂ o trong nhĂ cĂ´ Ẽy nhĆ° váşy. She rarely allows strangers to enter her house. (CĂ´ Ẽy Ăt khi cho phĂŠp ngĆ°áť?i lấ vĂ o nhĂ nhĆ° váşy.) 9. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Never have I witnessed such display of rage! Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Never + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi hoĂ n thĂ nh, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ áť&#x; dấng phân tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;witnessedâ&#x20AC;?, chᝧ ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;? nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;haveâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: ChĆ°a bao giáť? tĂ´i tᝍng chᝊng kiáşżn máť&#x2122;t sáťą giáşn dᝯ Ä&#x2018;áşżn nhĆ° váşy! I have never witnessed such display of rage! (TĂ´i chĆ°a bao giáť? chᝊng kiáşżn sáťą giáşn dᝯ Ä&#x2018;áşżn nhĆ° váşy!) 10. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Not only did her brother pay her debt, but he also bought a new house for her. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; câu thuáť&#x2122;c váşż trĆ°áť&#x203A;c lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Not only + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?payâ&#x20AC;?, chᝧ ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;her brotherâ&#x20AC;? nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;didâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: KhĂ´ng cháť&#x2030; thay mạt trả háşżt nᝣ nần, anh trai cĂ´ Ẽy còn mua cho cĂ´ Ẽy máť&#x2122;t ngĂ´i nhĂ máť&#x203A;i. Her brother not only paid her debt, but he also bought a new house for her. (Anh trai cĂ´ Ẽy khĂ´ng cháť&#x2030; Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ trả nᝣ cho cĂ´ Ẽy, mĂ anh Ẽy còn mua máť&#x2122;t cÄ&#x192;n nhĂ máť&#x203A;i cho cĂ´.) 11. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: On no account should you provide any confidential information to a stranger. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;On no account + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i cĂł chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;youâ&#x20AC;?, sáť d᝼ng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ khuyáşżt thiáşżu â&#x20AC;&#x153;shouldâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;provideâ&#x20AC;? nĂŞn ta dĂšng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ
â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ÜŹÝşâ&#x20AC;ŹĹ&#x; ܸ $ ß&#x2C6; Ő&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; + Ĺ&#x; * $ 239
khuyáşżt thiáşżu â&#x20AC;&#x153;should áť&#x; váť&#x2039; trĂ trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: BẼt cᝊ trĆ°áť?ng hᝣp nĂ o thĂŹ bấn cĹŠng khĂ´ng nĂŞn cung cẼp bẼt cᝊ thĂ´ng tin máşt nĂ o cho máť&#x2122;t ngĆ°áť?i lấ. You should on no account provide any confidential information to a stranger. (Bấn khĂ´ng nĂŞn cung cẼp bẼt cᝊ thĂ´ng tin máşt cho ngĆ°áť?i lấ trong bẼt cᝊ trĆ°áť?ng hᝣp nĂ o.) 12. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: No sooner had they eaten dinner than the ceiling crashed onto the dining table. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;No sooner + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + than + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 2â&#x20AC;?. Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 1 trong Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ hoĂ n thĂ nh, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ áť&#x; dấng phân tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;eatenâ&#x20AC;?, chᝧ ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;theyâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;hadâ&#x20AC;? trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Ngay sau khi háť? Ä&#x192;n xong bᝯa táť&#x2018;i thĂŹ tẼm trần nhĂ Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ rĆĄi tháşłng xuáť&#x2018;ng bĂ n Ä&#x192;n. They had no sooner eaten dinner than the ceiling crashed onto the dining table. (Háť? Ä&#x192;n xong bᝯa táť&#x2018;i chĆ°a Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc bao lâu thĂŹ tẼm trần nhĂ Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ rĆĄi tháşłng xuáť&#x2018;ng bĂ n Ä&#x192;n.) 13. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Scarcely had I finished writing my essay when the examiner announced the end of the exam. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Scarcely + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + when + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 2â&#x20AC;?. Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 1 trong Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ hoĂ n thĂ nh, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ áť&#x; dấng phân tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;finishedâ&#x20AC;?, chᝧ ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;hadâ&#x20AC;? trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Ngay sau khi tĂ´i hoĂ n thĂ nh bĂ i viáşżt cᝧa mĂŹnh thĂŹ giĂĄm tháť&#x2039; Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ thĂ´ng bĂĄo háşżt giáť? kiáť&#x192;m tra. I had scarcely finished writing my essay when the examiner announced the end of the exam. (TĂ´i vᝍa máť&#x203A;i hoĂ n thĂ nh bĂ i viáşżt cᝧa mĂŹnh thĂŹ giĂĄm tháť&#x2039; Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ thĂ´ng bĂĄo lĂ háşżt giáť? kiáť&#x192;m tra.) 14. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Only later would we understand what had happened that night. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Only later + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 2â&#x20AC;?. Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 1 trong Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ khuyáşżt thiáşżu â&#x20AC;&#x153;wouldâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;understandâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn ta dĂšng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ khuyáşżt thiáşżu â&#x20AC;&#x153;wouldâ&#x20AC;? thay cho trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: MĂŁi váť sau chĂşng tĂ´i máť&#x203A;i hiáť&#x192;u Ä&#x2018;iáť u gĂŹ Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ xảy ra Ä&#x2018;ĂŞm Ä&#x2018;Ăł. We would understand what had happened that night only later. (ChĂşng tĂ´i hiáť&#x192;u ra Ä&#x2018;iáť u gĂŹ Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ xảy Ä&#x2018;áşżn vĂ o Ä&#x2018;ĂŞm hĂ´m Ä&#x2018;Ăł cháť&#x2030; mĂŁi váť sau nĂ y.) 15. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Only then did he understand what he had missed. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Only then + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 2â&#x20AC;?. Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 1 trong Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ dấng quĂĄ khᝊ â&#x20AC;&#x153;understoodâ&#x20AC;? nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;didâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;understandâ&#x20AC;? chia áť&#x; dấng thĆ°áť?ng trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Cháť&#x2030; sau Ä&#x2018;Ăł anh ta máť&#x203A;i hiáť&#x192;u lĂ mĂŹnh Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ báť? lᝥ Ä&#x2018;iáť u gĂŹ. He understood only then what he had missed. (Anh ta sau nĂ y máť&#x203A;i hiáť&#x192;u ra mĂŹnh Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ báť? lᝥ Ä&#x2018;iáť u gĂŹ.) 16. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: No sooner had he resigned than he received a better job offer. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;No sooner + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + than + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 2â&#x20AC;?. Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 1 trong Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ hoĂ n thĂ nh, Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ dấng phân tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;resignedâ&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;hadâ&#x20AC;? trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: KhĂ´ng lâu sau khi anh Ẽy ngháť&#x2030; viáť&#x2021;c anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ nháşn Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc máť&#x2122;t láť?i Ä&#x2018;áť ngháť&#x2039; cĂ´ng viáť&#x2021;c táť&#x2018;t hĆĄn. He had no sooner resigned than he received a better job offer. (Anh ta vᝍa máť&#x203A;i ngháť&#x2030; viáť&#x2021;c khĂ´ng lâu thĂŹ Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ nháşn Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc máť&#x2122;t cĂ´ng viáť&#x2021;c táť&#x2018;t hĆĄn.) 17. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Not until I saw John with my own eyes did I believe he was safe. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Not until + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ (trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + ...)â&#x20AC;?. Máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť 1 trong Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn, nĂŞn ta dĂšng trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;didâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ nguyĂŞn tháť&#x192; â&#x20AC;&#x153;believeâ&#x20AC;? trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Cho Ä&#x2018;áşżn táşn khi tĂ´i táşn mắt trĂ´ng thẼy John tĂ´i máť&#x203A;i tin lĂ anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc an toĂ n. I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t really believe John was safe until I saw him with my own eyes. (TĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng tháťąc sáťą tin ráşąng John Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc an toĂ n cho Ä&#x2018;áşżn khi tĂ´i táşn mắt trĂ´ng thẼy anh Ẽy.) 18. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Run by a quaint couple from Wales was the Metropolis hotel. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Phân tᝍ + c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn cĂł Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be â&#x20AC;&#x153;wasâ&#x20AC;?, quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;runâ&#x20AC;?, c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;by a quaint
240 ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
couple from Walesâ&#x20AC;? vĂ chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Metropolis hotelâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Ä?ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;iáť u hĂ nh báť&#x;i máť&#x2122;t cạp káťł quĂĄi Ä&#x2018;áşżn tᝍ xᝊ Wales lĂ khĂĄch sấn Metropolis. The Metropolis hotel was run by a quaint couple from Wales. (KhĂĄch sấn Metropolis Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;iáť u hĂ nh báť&#x;i máť&#x2122;t cạp káťł quĂĄi ngĆ°áť?i xᝊ Wales.) 19. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Introduced in the 1969 was the idea of a wireless network. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Phân tᝍ + c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn cĂł Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be â&#x20AC;&#x153;wasâ&#x20AC;?, quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;introducedâ&#x20AC;?, c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;in the 1969â&#x20AC;? vĂ chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;The idea of a wireless networkâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Ä?ưᝣc giáť&#x203A;i thiáť&#x2021;u vĂ nÄ&#x192;m 1969 lĂ Ă˝ tĆ°áť&#x;ng váť máť&#x2122;t háť&#x2021; tháť&#x2018;ng káşżt náť&#x2018;i khĂ´ng dây. The idea of a wireless network was introduced in the 1969. (Mua sắm tráťąc tuyáşżn Ä&#x2018;ang ngĂ y cĂ ng tráť&#x; nĂŞn pháť&#x2022; biáşżn.) 20. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Running down the road with a gun in his hands is a young man. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Phân tᝍ + c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi tiáşżp diáť&#x2026;n cĂł Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be â&#x20AC;&#x153;isâ&#x20AC;?, hiáť&#x2021;n tấi phân tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;runningâ&#x20AC;?, c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;with a gun in his handsâ&#x20AC;?; váť&#x203A;i cẼu trĂşc â&#x20AC;&#x153;there + be + c᝼m danh tᝍâ&#x20AC;?, ta lẼy c᝼m danh tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;a young manâ&#x20AC;? lĂ m chᝧ ngᝯ. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Chấy dĆ°áť&#x203A;i Ä&#x2018;Ć°áť?ng cĂšng váť&#x203A;i máť&#x2122;t khẊu sĂşng trong tay lĂ máť&#x2122;t ngĆ°áť?i Ä&#x2018;Ă n Ă´ng tráşť tuáť&#x2022;i. There is a young man running down the road with a gun in his hands. (CĂł máť&#x2122;t ngĆ°áť?i Ä&#x2018;Ă n Ă´ng tráşť tuáť&#x2022;i Ä&#x2018;ang chấy dĆ°áť&#x203A;i Ä&#x2018;Ć°áť?ng, tay mang theo máť&#x2122;t khẊu sĂşng.) 21. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Being repaired by a very skillful mechanic is my motorbike. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Phân tᝍ + c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi tiáşżp diáť&#x2026;n cĂł Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be â&#x20AC;&#x153;isâ&#x20AC;?, hiáť&#x2021;n tấi phân tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;beingâ&#x20AC;?, c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;by a very skillful mechanicâ&#x20AC;? vĂ chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;my motorbikeâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Ä?ang Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc sáťa chᝯa báť&#x;i máť&#x2122;t thᝣ mĂĄy rẼt tĂ i ba lĂ chiáşżc xe mĂ´-tĂ´ cᝧa tĂ´i. My motorbike is being repaired by a very skillful mechanic. (Xe mĂ´-tĂ´ cᝧa tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ang Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc sáťa chᝯa báť&#x;i máť&#x2122;t thᝣ mĂĄy rẼt tĂ i ba.) 22. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Growing in popularity is shopping online. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Phân tᝍ + c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi tiáşżp diáť&#x2026;n cĂł Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be â&#x20AC;&#x153;isâ&#x20AC;?, hiáť&#x2021;n tấi phân tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;growingâ&#x20AC;?, c᝼m giáť&#x203A;i tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;in popularityâ&#x20AC;? vĂ chᝧ ngᝯ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Shopping onlineâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Ä?ang ngĂ y cĂ ng tráť&#x; nĂŞn pháť&#x2022; biáşżn Ä&#x2018;Ăł lĂ loấi hĂŹnh mua sắm tráťąc tuyáşżn. Shopping online is growing in popularity. (Mua sắm tráťąc tuyáşżn Ä&#x2018;ang ngĂ y cĂ ng tráť&#x; nĂŞn pháť&#x2022; biáşżn.) ( Ĺ&#x2C6; (bߡ| Ѳޟb 1Ţł1 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; v-Â&#x2020; v-o 1_o m]_ŕ ş- h_ॲm] 9ॿbÄś vŕ¨&#x2DC; 7ࣼm] ]ŕ¨&#x2022;b ŕ¤&#x192; 9ǧŕ¨&#x2022;1 1_o vß&#x2020;mĸ
1. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: So quickly did he run that the others couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t catch up with him. Giải thĂch: Váť&#x203A;i câu cĂł cẼu trĂşc máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť trấng ngᝯ cháť&#x2030; káşżt quả â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + so + trấng tᝍ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;? ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;So + trấng tᝍ + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn, nĂŞn trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;didâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ giᝯ áť&#x; dấng nguyĂŞn tháť&#x192; lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;runâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Anh ta Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ chấy nhanh Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i nhᝯng ngĆ°áť?i khĂĄc Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng tháť&#x192; theo káť&#x2039;p anh ta. (He ran so quickly that the others couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t catch up with him.) 2. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: So strong was the wind that we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t open the window. Giải thĂch: Váť&#x203A;i câu cĂł cẼu trĂşc máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť trấng ngᝯ cháť&#x2030; káşżt quả â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + so + tĂnh tᝍ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;? ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;So + tĂnh tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: GiĂł Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ mấnh Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i chĂşng tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng tháť&#x192; máť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc cáťa sáť&#x2022;. (The wind was so strong that we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t open the window.) 3. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: So beautiful was the weather that we decided to go to the beach. Giải thĂch: Váť&#x203A;i câu cĂł cẼu trĂşc máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť trấng ngᝯ cháť&#x2030; káşżt quả â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + so + tĂnh tᝍ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;? ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;So + tĂnh tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Tháť?i tiáşżt Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;áşšp Ä&#x2018;áşżn mᝊc chĂşng tĂ´i quyáşżt Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2039;nh phải ra bĂŁi biáť&#x192;n chĆĄi. (The weather was so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach.)
â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ÜŹÝşâ&#x20AC;ŹĹ&#x; ܸ $ ß&#x2C6; Ő&#x160;Ň&#x2039;Ő&#x160; + Ĺ&#x; * $ 241
4. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: So strong is he that he can carry the photocopy machine by himself. Giải thĂch: Váť&#x203A;i câu cĂł cẼu trĂşc máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť trấng ngᝯ cháť&#x2030; káşżt quả â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + so + tĂnh tᝍ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;? ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;So + tĂnh tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Anh ta kháť?e Ä&#x2018;áşżn mᝊc cĂł tháť&#x192; táťą mĂŹnh khiĂŞng cĂĄi mĂĄy photocopy. (He is so strong that he can carry the photocopy machine by himself.) 5. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: So many books had he bought that he couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have enough time to read them. Giải thĂch: Váť&#x203A;i câu cĂł cẼu trĂşc máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť trấng ngᝯ cháť&#x2030; káşżt quả â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + so + (lưᝣng tᝍ +) danh tᝍ + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;? ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;So + (lưᝣng tᝍ +) danh tᝍ + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ hoĂ n thĂ nh, nĂŞn trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;hadâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ chia áť&#x; dấng quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ â&#x20AC;&#x153;boughtâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Anh ta Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ mua nhiáť u sĂĄch Ä&#x2018;áşżn mᝊc mĂ khĂ´ng cĂł Ä&#x2018;ᝧ tháť?i gian Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; Ä&#x2018;áť?c chĂşng. (He had bought so many books that he couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have enough time to read them.) 6. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Such a great voice does Katherine have that everybody wants to listen to her singing. Giải thĂch: Váť&#x203A;i câu cĂł cẼu trĂşc máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť trấng ngᝯ cháť&#x2030; káşżt quả â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + such + (mấo tᝍ +) (tĂnh tᝍ +) danh tᝍ + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;? ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Such + (mấo tᝍ +) (tĂnh tᝍ +) danh tᝍ + trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;?. Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i viáşżt áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn, chᝧ ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Katherineâ&#x20AC;? áť&#x; ngĂ´i thᝊ ba sáť&#x2018; Ăt, nĂŞn trong câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ trᝣ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;doesâ&#x20AC;? vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ chia áť&#x; dấng thĆ°áť?ng â&#x20AC;&#x153;haveâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Katherine cĂł máť&#x2122;t chẼt giáť?ng tuyáť&#x2021;t váť?i táť&#x203A;i mᝊc tẼt cả máť?i ngĆ°áť?i Ä&#x2018;áť u muáť&#x2018;n nghe cĂ´ Ẽy hĂĄt. (Katherine has such a great voice that everybody wants to listen to her singing.) 7. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: So tired was Jennie that she felt asleep during the Mathematics class. Giải thĂch: Váť&#x203A;i câu cĂł cẼu trĂşc máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť trấng ngᝯ cháť&#x2030; káşżt quả â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + so + tĂnh tᝍ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;? ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;So + tĂnh tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Jennie Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ quĂĄ máť&#x2021;t máť?i Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i cĂ´ Ẽy ngᝧ gáşt trong giáť? háť?c toĂĄn. ( Jennie was so tired that she felt asleep during the Mathematics class.) 8. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Such a foggy day was it that we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t see the road. Giải thĂch: Váť&#x203A;i câu cĂł cẼu trĂşc máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť trấng ngᝯ cháť&#x2030; káşżt quả â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + such + (mấo tᝍ +) (tĂnh tᝍ +) danh tᝍ + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;? ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Such + (mấo tᝍ +) (tĂnh tᝍ +) danh tᝍ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ to-be + chᝧ ngᝯ + that + máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť káşżt quảâ&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: HĂ´m Ä&#x2018;Ăł tráť?i cĂł nhiáť u sĆ°ĆĄng mĂš Ä&#x2018;áşżn náť&#x2014;i chĂşng tĂ´i cháşłng tháť&#x192; nhĂŹn rĂľ Ä&#x2018;Ć°áť?ng Ä&#x2018;i. (It was such a foggy day that we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t see the road.) 9. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Were he over 18, we would allow him to join the Python club. Giải thĂch: Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i lĂ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 2, ta ĂĄp d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 2 lĂ : â&#x20AC;&#x153;Were + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) (to-verb/ danh tᝍ), máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Anh ta mĂ hĆĄn 18 tuáť&#x2022;i thĂŹ chĂşng tĂ´i sáş˝ cho anh ta tham gia vĂ o câu lấc báť&#x2122; Python. If he were over 18, we would allow him to join the Python club. (Náşżu anh ta hĆĄn 18 tuáť&#x2022;i thĂŹ chĂşng tĂ´i sáş˝ cho anh ta tham gia vĂ o câu lấc báť&#x2122; Python.) 10. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Had we bought that property, we would be rich now. Giải thĂch: Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i lĂ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n káşżt hᝣp (loấi 3, loấi 2) nĂŞn ta ĂĄp d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ lĂ : â&#x20AC;&#x153;Had + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: TrĆ°áť&#x203A;c Ä&#x2018;ây mĂ chĂşng ta mua bẼt Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng sản Ä&#x2018;Ăł thĂŹ giáť? chĂşng ta Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ giĂ u ráť&#x201C;i. If we had bought that property, we woud be rich now. (Náşżu trĆ°áť&#x203A;c Ä&#x2018;ây chĂşng ta mua bẼt Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng sản Ä&#x2018;Ăł thĂŹ giáť? chĂşng ta Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ giĂ u ráť&#x201C;i.) 11. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Should she refuse the job offer, we will raise the pay and offer her other benefits. Giải thĂch: Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i lĂ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 1, ta ĂĄp d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 1 lĂ : â&#x20AC;&#x153;Should + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not) Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ nguyĂŞn tháť&#x192;, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: CĂ´ Ẽy mĂ tᝍ cháť&#x2018;i láť?i Ä&#x2018;áť ngháť&#x2039; cĂ´ng viáť&#x2021;c chĂşng ta sáş˝ trả thĂŞm tiáť n vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť ngháť&#x2039; thĂŞm máť&#x2122;t sáť&#x2018; Ä&#x2018;ĂŁi ngáť&#x2122; khĂĄc. If she refuses the offer, we will raise the pay and offer her other benefits. (Náşżu cĂ´ Ẽy tᝍ cháť&#x2018;i láť?i Ä&#x2018;áť ngháť&#x2039; cĂ´ng viáť&#x2021;c chĂşng ta sáş˝ trả thĂŞm tiáť n vĂ Ä&#x2018;áť ngháť&#x2039; thĂŞm máť&#x2122;t sáť&#x2018; Ä&#x2018;ĂŁi ngáť&#x2122; khĂĄc.)
242 ॣ $ â&#x20AC;Ť ÜŹ ૲ Ţ? ÜŤâ&#x20AC;Ź$ â&#x20AC;Ť ! Üż Ţ&#x152;â&#x20AC;Ź
12. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Had I woken up earlier, I wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have missed the train. Giải thĂch: Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i lĂ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 3, ta ĂĄp d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 3 lĂ : â&#x20AC;&#x153;Had + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: TĂ´i mĂ dáşy sáť&#x203A;m hĆĄn thĂŹ Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng báť&#x2039; lᝥ mẼt chuyáşżn tĂ u. If I had woken up earlier, I wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have missed the train. (Náşżu tĂ´i dáşy sáť&#x203A;m hĆĄn thĂŹ tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng báť&#x2039; lᝥ mẼt chuyáşżn tĂ u.) 13. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Were Chinese hackers to break into our banking system, the economy would be severely damaged. Giải thĂch: Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i lĂ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 2, ta ĂĄp d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 2 lĂ : â&#x20AC;&#x153;Were + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) (to-verb/ danh tᝍ), máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Tin tạc Trung Quáť&#x2018;c mĂ Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;t nháşp vĂ o háť&#x2021; tháť&#x2018;ng ngân hĂ ng cᝧa chĂşng ta, náť n kinh táşż sáş˝ báť&#x2039; thiáť&#x2021;t hấi nạng náť . If Chinese hackers could break into our banking system, the economy would be severely damaged. (Náşżu tin tạc Trung Quáť&#x2018;c Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;t nháşp vĂ o háť&#x2021; tháť&#x2018;ng ngân hĂ ng cᝧa chĂşng ta, náť n kinh táşż sáş˝ báť&#x2039; thiáť&#x2021;t hấi nạng náť .) 14. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Should James not remember the answers to these questions, we will have to call Jennie and ask her about it. Giải thĂch: Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i lĂ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 1, ta ĂĄp d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 1 lĂ : â&#x20AC;&#x153;Should + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not) Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ nguyĂŞn tháť&#x192;, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: James mĂ khĂ´ng nháť&#x203A; câu trả láť?i cho nhᝯng câu háť?i nĂ y thĂŹ chĂşng tĂ´i sáş˝ phải gáť?i Jennie vĂ háť?i cĂ´ Ẽy váť nĂł. If James doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t remember the answers to these questions, we will have to call Jennie and ask her about it. (Náşżu James khĂ´ng nháť&#x203A; câu trả láť?i cho nhᝯng câu háť?i nĂ y, chĂşng ta sáş˝ phải gáť?i cho Jennie vĂ háť?i cĂ´ Ẽy váť nĂł.) 15. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Were my boss not such a difficult person, my job would be a lot more easier. Giải thĂch: Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i lĂ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 2, ta ĂĄp d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 2 lĂ : â&#x20AC;&#x153;Were + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) (to-verb/ danh tᝍ), máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Sáşżp tĂ´i mĂ khĂ´ng phải lĂ máť&#x2122;t ngĆ°áť?i khĂł tĂnh Ä&#x2018;áşżn váşy thĂŹ cĂ´ng viáť&#x2021;c cᝧa tĂ´i sáş˝ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn giản hĆĄn rẼt lĂ nhiáť u. If my boss werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t such a difficult person, my job would be a lot more easier. (Náşżu sáşżp tĂ´i khĂ´ng phải lĂ máť&#x2122;t ngĆ°áť?i khĂł tĂnh Ä&#x2018;áşżn váşy thĂŹ cĂ´ng viáť&#x2021;c cᝧa tĂ´i sáş˝ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn giản hĆĄn rẼt lĂ nhiáť u.) 16. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Had the firefighters not arrived in time, the people on the 3rd floor wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have been rescued. Giải thĂch: Câu Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;áť bĂ i lĂ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 3, ta ĂĄp d᝼ng cẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ váť&#x203A;i câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 3 lĂ : â&#x20AC;&#x153;Had + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Nhᝯng ngĆ°áť?i lĂnh cᝊu háť?a mĂ khĂ´ng táť&#x203A;i káť&#x2039;p giáť? thĂŹ máť?i ngĆ°áť?i áť&#x; trĂŞn tầng 3 Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc giải cᝊu. If the firefighters hadnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t arrived in time, the people on the 3rd floor wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have been rescued. (Náşżu nhᝯng ngĆ°áť?i lĂnh cᝊu háť?a khĂ´ng táť&#x203A;i káť&#x2039;p giáť? thĂŹ máť?i ngĆ°áť?i áť&#x; trĂŞn tầng 3 Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc giải cᝊu.) ( Ĺ&#x2C6; _ढ़m r_ǧnjm] Ţłm 9ŕŁ?m] m_Ţž|ĸ
1. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: C. should she Giải thĂch: Váť&#x2039; trĂ cần Ä&#x2018;iáť n náşąm trĆ°áť&#x203A;c Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ nguyĂŞn tháť&#x192; â&#x20AC;&#x153;callâ&#x20AC;? trong cẼu trĂşc câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 1: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Should + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not) Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ nguyĂŞn tháť&#x192;, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn C lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pinar said she would call us today.â&#x20AC;? (Pinar Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ nĂłi lĂ cĂ´ Ẽy sáş˝ gáť?i cho chĂşng ta ngĂ y hĂ´m nay.) - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Well, should she call while Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m out, give her my love.â&#x20AC;? (Táť&#x2018;t, náşżu cĂ´ Ẽy gáť?i khi tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ang áť&#x; ngoĂ i thĂŹ nhắn láť?i yĂŞu thĆ°ĆĄng táť&#x203A;i cĂ´ Ẽy giĂşp tĂ´i.) 2. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: C. Had she not given Giải thĂch: Ä?iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n khĂ´ng cĂł tháťąc áť&#x; tháť?i Ä&#x2018;iáť&#x192;m quĂĄ khᝊ (Anna Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ tᝍng lĂ máť&#x2122;t váşn Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng viĂŞn quần vᝣt rẼt giáť?i â&#x2020;&#x2019; CĂ´ Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ tᝍ báť? nĂł trong quĂĄ khᝊ). Váşy nĂŞn váť&#x2039; trĂ cần Ä&#x2018;iáť n náşąm trong cẼu trĂşc câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n káşżt hᝣp (loấi 3, loấi 2): â&#x20AC;&#x153;Had + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn C lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Anna used to be a really good tennis player.â&#x20AC;? (Anna Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ tᝍng lĂ máť&#x2122;t váşn Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng viĂŞn quần vᝣt rẼt giáť?i.) - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Had she not given it up, she still would be.â&#x20AC;? (Náşżu trĆ°áť&#x203A;c Ä&#x2018;ây cĂ´ Ẽy khĂ´ng tᝍ báť? nĂł thĂŹ bây giáť? háşłn lĂ cĂ´ Ẽy vẍn rẼt giáť?i.)
QUESTIONS
Ĺ&#x2C6; "ß&#x192;r Â&#x160;ߡr 1Ţł1 |ŕ¨&#x2014; v-Â&#x2020; |_;o lࢠ| |uß&#x201A;| |ŕ¨&#x161; _ŕ¨&#x2022;r Ѳŕ¤&#x192; 9ßš |Ţźo |_޲m_ lࢠ| 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; _य़b uफ़b |uŢ˝ Ѳŕ¨&#x2019;b 1Ţ´Â&#x2020; _य़b 9ॹĸ
1. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Do we need tomatoes for the pizza? â&#x2020;&#x2019; Yes, we do. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: ChĂşng ta cĂł cần cĂ chua cho cĂĄi bĂĄnh pizza khĂ´ng? â&#x2020;&#x2019; Phải, chĂşng ta cần. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ cẼu trĂşc câu háť?i áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn â&#x20AC;&#x153;Do/ Does + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ nguyĂŞn tháť&#x192;â&#x20AC;?. TĆ°ĆĄng táťą, ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc câu trả láť?i Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng tĂŹnh áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Yes, chᝧ ngᝯ + do/ does.â&#x20AC;? 2. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Have you ever gone fishing? â&#x2020;&#x2019; No, I havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Bấn Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;i tᝍng Ä&#x2018;i câu cĂĄ bao giáť? chĆ°a? â&#x2020;&#x2019; KhĂ´ng, tĂ´i chĆ°a tᝍng. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ cẼu trĂşc câu háť?i áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi hoĂ n thĂ nh â&#x20AC;&#x153;Have/ Has + chᝧ ngᝯ + quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍâ&#x20AC;?. TĆ°ĆĄng táťą, ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc câu trả láť?i khĂ´ng Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng tĂŹnh áť&#x; thĂŹ hiáť&#x2021;n tấi hoĂ n thĂ nh lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;No, chᝧ ngᝯ + havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t/ hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t.â&#x20AC;? 3. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: Did you take the rubbish out? â&#x2020;&#x2019; Yes, I did. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Bấn Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ Ä&#x2018;i vᝊt rĂĄc chĆ°a? â&#x2020;&#x2019; Ráť&#x201C;i, tĂ´i Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ lĂ m ráť&#x201C;i. Giải thĂch: CẼu trĂşc Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc ĂĄp d᝼ng áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ cẼu trĂşc câu háť?i áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn â&#x20AC;&#x153;Did + chᝧ ngᝯ + Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ nguyĂŞn tháť&#x192;â&#x20AC;?. TĆ°ĆĄng táťą, ta cĂł cẼu trĂşc câu trả láť?i Ä&#x2018;áť&#x201C;ng tĂŹnh áť&#x; thĂŹ quĂĄ khᝊ Ä&#x2018;ĆĄn lĂ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Yes, chᝧ ngᝯ + did.â&#x20AC;?
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Ć?Ć&#x2013;Äş â&#x20AC;Ť ŕ &#x2122; &Üâ&#x20AC;Ź
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3. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: A. Had she seen him Giải thĂch: Ä?iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n khĂ´ng cĂł tháťąc áť&#x; tháť?i Ä&#x2018;iáť&#x192;m quĂĄ khᝊ (trả láť?i cho câu háť?i â&#x20AC;&#x153;Orit Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ nhĂŹn thẼy tĂŞn tráť&#x2122;m Ä&#x2018;Ăşng khĂ´ng?â&#x20AC;?). Váşy nĂŞn váť&#x2039; trĂ cần Ä&#x2018;iáť n náşąm trong cẼu trĂşc câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 3: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Had + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn A lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Did Orit see the burglar?â&#x20AC;? (Orit Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ nhĂŹn thẼy tĂŞn tráť&#x2122;m Ä&#x2018;Ăşng khĂ´ng?) - â&#x20AC;&#x153;No, Had she seen him, she would have reported it immediately.â&#x20AC;? (KhĂ´ng, náşżu Ä&#x2018;Ăşng váşy, thĂŹ Ä&#x2018;ĂĄng ra cĂ´ Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ bĂĄo cĂĄo lấi ngay láşp tᝊc ráť&#x201C;i.) 4. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: B. Had he been Giải thĂch: Ä?iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n khĂ´ng cĂł tháťąc áť&#x; tháť?i Ä&#x2018;iáť&#x192;m quĂĄ khᝊ (lĂ nguyĂŞn nhân dẍn Ä&#x2018;áşżn káşżt quả hiáť&#x2021;n tấi â&#x20AC;&#x153;bây giáť? anh ta phải náşąm viáť&#x2021;nâ&#x20AC;?). Váşy nĂŞn váť&#x2039; trĂ cần Ä&#x2018;iáť n náşąm trong cẼu trĂşc câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n káşżt hᝣp (loấi 3, loấi 2): â&#x20AC;&#x153;Had + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn B lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Had he been more careful, he wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be in hospital now. (Náşżu anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ cẊn tháşn hĆĄn thĂŹ bây giáť? anh ta Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng phải náşąm viáť&#x2021;n.) 5. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: D. Should they arrive Giải thĂch: Váť&#x2039; trĂ cần Ä&#x2018;iáť n náşąm trong cẼu trĂşc câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 1: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Should + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not) Ä&#x2018;áť&#x2122;ng tᝍ nguyĂŞn tháť&#x192;, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn D lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Should they arrive early, no one will be here to meet them. (Náşżu háť? mĂ Ä&#x2018;áşżn sáť&#x203A;m, thĂŹ sáş˝ cháşłng cĂł ai áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây Ä&#x2018;áť&#x192; gạp háť? cả.) 6. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: C. Were it to rain Giải thĂch: Váť&#x2039; trĂ cần Ä&#x2018;iáť n náşąm trong cẼu trĂşc câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 2: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Were + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) (toverb/ danh tᝍ), máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn C lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: Were it to rain, Victoria would stay at home and prepare some worksheets. (Náşżu tráť?i mĆ°a thĂŹ Victoria sáş˝ áť&#x; nhĂ vĂ chuẊn báť&#x2039; vĂ i bĂ i táşp váť nhĂ .) 7. Ä?ĂĄp ĂĄn: C. Had she not help Giải thĂch: Ä?iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n Ä&#x2018;ưᝣc Ä&#x2018;Ć°a ra áť&#x; Ä&#x2018;ây lĂ Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n khĂ´ng cĂł tháťąc áť&#x; tháť?i Ä&#x2018;iáť&#x192;m quĂĄ khᝊ (trả láť?i cho câu háť?i â&#x20AC;&#x153;Gitte Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ giĂşp Mario lĂ m bĂ i luáşn cᝧa anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;Ăşng khĂ´ng?â&#x20AC;?). Váşy nĂŞn váť&#x2039; trĂ cần Ä&#x2018;iáť n náşąm trong cẼu trĂşc câu Ä&#x2018;ảo ngᝯ câu Ä&#x2018;iáť u kiáť&#x2021;n loấi 3: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Had + chᝧ ngᝯ + (not +) quĂĄ khᝊ phân tᝍ, máť&#x2021;nh Ä&#x2018;áť â&#x20AC;?, nĂŞn phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn C lĂ phĆ°ĆĄng ĂĄn chĂnh xĂĄc. Dáť&#x2039;ch nghÄŠa: - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Did Gitte help Mario with his essay?â&#x20AC;? (Gitte Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ giĂşp Mario lĂ m bĂ i luáşn cᝧa anh Ẽy Ä&#x2018;Ăşng khĂ´ng?) - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Had she not help, he wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have finished it in time.â&#x20AC;? (Náşżu khĂ´ng phải váşy, thĂŹ cáşu ta Ä&#x2018;ĂŁ khĂ´ng hoĂ n thĂ nh cĂĄi bĂ i Ä&#x2018;Ẽy káť&#x2039;p giáť? ráť&#x201C;i.)