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www.thevillagenews.co.za
6 May 2020
Covering up is part of the new normal Writer Hedda Mittner
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ith the wearing of cloth face masks now mandatory for everyone leaving their homes during the current Level 4 lockdown, many more people of all ages will be looking for well-made, comfortable, washable and durable fabric / cloth face masks. The guidelines from the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition for fabric / cloth face masks for general public use recommend these non-medical masks only as part of a broader strategy to curb the spread of COVID-19. Such masks are not a replacement for other recommended precautionary measures and should always be used in combination with handwashing, not touching one’s face, coughing or sneezing into a tissue or elbow and keeping a proper social distance of at least 1.5m from other people.
The shortage of medical-grade masks globally and in South Africa means that members of the general public should not use these critical resources at the expense of the frontline health workers. And although there has been much debate globally about the degree of protection that the use of cloth / fabric face masks can offer non-health care professionals, the evidence indicates that if the fabrics and filters are chosen suitably and are designed to fit users accordingly, these masks can play an important role in helping to reduce community transmission of the Coronavirus. There are many organisations, small businesses and individuals who are manufacturing fabric / cloth masks, but not all of them conform to the guidelines and their performance varies greatly with regard to the shape and fit of the mask, as well as the structural properties of the fabric and the number of layers.
What should you look out for when buying a cloth / fabric face mask?
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The objective of a fabric face mask is to act as a physical barrier to extremely small droplets generally upwards of 5 microns in size secreted during talking, sneezing or coughing. Masks must be breathable. A mask that prevents one from breathing easily can lead to oxygen deprivation and also promote risky behaviour like the need to touch the face and adjust the mask during wear. Masks must be designed to fit properly and be comfortable to wear. The style and design should follow closely the contours of the face especially around the nose bridge and under the chin to reduce leakage out and into the mask. Tests have shown that at least two layers of fabric are sufficient for balancing performance and com-
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fort. An increase in the number of layers will improve the barrier efficiency, but have the opposite effect on breathability. Using three layers, it is recommended that the middle layer be made from a non-woven (or similar) fabric with strong filtering capability (barrier efficiency), with the accompanying inner and outer layers providing comfort, structure, and some additional protection. Ideally this middle layer (filter) should be inserted into the mask (or removed) via an ‘envelope’ style design to allow for improved cleaning and easy replacement filters when worn out. The design should provide clear markings or features that help the wearer to distinguish between the inner layer and outer layer of the mask in order to prevent wearers from placing the wrong side against their faces. The inner layer must be soft and
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feel pleasant against the skin, not least of all because irritation could cause wearers to fiddle with them or even take them off. The fabric should not cause an uncomfortable build-up of heat or moisture, and should not shed lint – with loose particles that can be inhaled – when washed. The elastic bands or cloth tiestraps that hold the mask in place by attaching it either around the ears or head, should ensure a snug fit and make for comfortable wear. The design should not require that the wearer touches the front of the mask at all when putting it on and taking it off. The mask should be durable, and cleaning and disinfection of all the components should be easy to carry out at home. All masks should be accompanied by instructions clearly explaining how it should be worn and cared for, and what the expected lifespan of the product is.
