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INDIAN 101 Follow Us On

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1001 Marquette Ave NW Albuquerque, NM 87102 505-842-8677 AIO@aio.org

Ma ru ah weh kah!

You all, talk to me!

45 years of Movement Building

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AGENDA • • • • • • • • •

AIO Background Ancient History Diversity of Tribal America Regional Cultures U.S./Tribal Relation Federal Indian Policy of Assimilation Demographics Resiliency Q&A www.aio.org

RETURN OF TAOS BLUE LAKE

The Four R’s

Relationships

Responsibility

Kinship We are related to everybody and all matter

Community We have a responsibility to our relatives

Reciprocity

Redistribution

Interconnectedness Everything is cyclical as is the nature of the Universe

Generosity Sharing resources/ information brings balance

Indian 101 Bingo The object: Get a Bingo!

Instructions: Initial a box if you know the answer to complete a straight line (vertical, horizontal or diagonal).

There will be a prize!

“WE DON’T STUDY AMERICAN HISTORY. WE STUDY EUROPEANS COMING TO AMERICA.”

MYTH: Europeans came to a wilderness and created a civilization

Sophisticated Civilizations Existed in the Americas Pre-contact

Native Cultures and Political Systems Influence U.S. Government

“It would be a strange thing if Six Nations of ignorant savages should be capable of forming a scheme for such an union, and be able to execute it in such a manner as that it has subsisted ages and appears indissoluble.�

Benjamin Franklin, 1751

Sophisticated Economic and Agricultural Systems Trade and Commerce

Horticulture

Irrigation

Agricultural Engineering

Aquaculture

No Mayan-ology

Diversity in Language

As Different as Chinese is to English

Geographical Diversity

Land-based Cultures and Economies

Southeast - Agricultural

Northeast - Woodlands

Plains - Nomadic

Northwest – Salmon & Cedar

Southwest – Sedentary

Hawaii and Alaska - Subsistence

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INDIAN 101 U.S. / Tribal Relations and Federal Indian Policy

TRIBES ARE GOVERNMENTS Tribal Governments Are a Part of the Federal System of Governments

Triple Citizenship – Tribal/State/United States Sovereignty / Right to Be Self-Governing  Treaties w/Crowns of Europe and then the U.S.  U.S. Constitution – Article 1, Section 8  Congressional Legislation  Executive Orders and Federal Regulations  Court Decisions (more time in courts than any other ethnic group) IRA Constitutions or Traditional Forms of Governance Communal Ownership Tribal Jurisdiction

U.S. FEDERAL INDIAN POLICY

Conquest: Doctrine of Discovery

Treaty Era

Removal Trail of Tears

The Long Walk

Reservation Era

Allotment

Indian Re-organization Act

Termination and Relocation

The War on Poverty President Johnson established the National Council on Indian Opportunity in 1969.

“I propose a new goal for our Indian programs: A goal that ends the old debate about ‘termination’ of Indian programs and stresses selfdetermination; a goal that erases old attitudes of paternalism and promotes partnership self-help.”

Self Determination Era

SELF-DETERMINATION • 1968 Indian Civil Rights Act: Recognized the Indian tribes as sovereign nations with the federal government.

• 1975 Self Determination Act: Allowed tribes to

have more control over federally subsidized programs for Indians.

• 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act: Granted tribal governments jurisdiction over child custody and adoption of Indian children.

SELF-DETERMINATION • 1978 American Indian Religious Freedom Act: recognized the integrity of native cultures, ended persecution of American Indian religious practices

• 1988 National Indian Gaming Regulatory Act

establishes the jurisdictional framework that governs Indian gaming

• 1990 Native American Graves Repatriation Act:

Mandated the return of human remains and items of cultural patrimony

Organized Around Issues • Established New Organizations to Address Issues • • • • • • • • • • •

Council of Energy Resource Tribes National Indian Housing Council Intertribal Fish Commission Intertribal Timber Council Native American Rights Fund National Indian Youth Council National Indian Education Association National Indian Child Welfare Association National Indian Gaming Association National Indian Law Students Association National Indian Journalists Association

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INDIAN 101 CURRENT DEMOGRAPHICS AND RESILIENCY

AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE POPULATION

AIAN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Alaska Native Villages 1.5% American Indian Areas 20.5%

Outside Tribal Areas 78%

National Dropout Rates Ages 16 To 24 Years (2009)

GRADUATION RATES National Average All Students

National Average AI/AN

Averaged Freshman Graduation Rate (CCD)

75.5%

64.8%

National Status Completion Rate (CPS)

89.8%

82.4%

Graduation Rates 2008-09

EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT LANGUAGE IMMERSION

Source: Postsecondary National Policy Institute

Tribal Enterprises

HOUSING

Food Sovereignty

Rate of Law Enforcement Killings 1999-2011 (per million population/per year)

Native Americans are killed by law enforcement more than any other ethnic group per capita,

followed by African Americans, Latinos, Whites, and Asian Americans.

Juvenile Justice Advocates

“The U.S. Attorney General's advisory committee on Native children says prevention, treatment programs and case workers have proven to be more effective than incarceration.�

Disproportionality Rate of AI/AN Children in Foster Care State

% of Native American Children in General Population

% of Native American Children in Foster Care

Minnesota

1.4%

23.9%

Nebraska

1.1%

9.3%

Idaho

1.2%

6.0%

Iowa

0.3%

1.7%

Wisconsin

1.1%

5.1%

Washington

1.5%

6.3%

Oregon

1.2%

4.9%

Montana

9.5%

36.9%

North Dakota

8.1%

31.4%

South Dakota

12.9%

47.9%

Alaska

17.8%

46.6% National Indian Child Welfare Association 2017

INDIAN CHILD WELFARE

Sexual Violence in Native American Indians are twice as likely to experience a rape/sexual assault compared to all races.

1 in 2 Native girls/women and 1 in 4 Native boys/men are victims of sexual assault

41% of sexual assaults against American Indians are committed by a stranger; 34% by an acquaintance; and 25% by an intimate or

family member.

More than 30% of Native victims reported being in the foster care system as children

SOURCE: Coalition to Stop Violence Against Native Women and https://www.rainn.org/statistics/victims-sexual-violence.

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT

SUICIDE RATES 10-24 YEARS OLD, BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2005-2009

MASCOTS AND CULTURAL APPROPRIATION

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WHITE HOUSE NATIVE YOUTH INITIATIVE

Water Is Life Movement

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INDIAN 101 RESILIENCY

The Four R’s

Relationships

Responsibility

Kinship We are related to everybody and all matter

Community We have a responsibility to our relatives

Reciprocity

Redistribution

Interconnectedness Everything is cyclical as is the nature of the Universe

Generosity Sharing resources/ information brings balance

Community Impact through Personal Transformation and Strong Cultural Identity

U.N. DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

GLOBAL INDIGENEITY

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LADONNA

Ladonna’s Grandparents Wakeah And Tabbytite

In high school, LaDonna joined every extracurricular activity – most times as the only Native American.

Because of work on integration, Ladonna is made Honorary Member of Delta Sigma Theta African American Sorority

To organize the tribes of Oklahoma, LaDonna founded Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity

Ladonna Leverages Influence As Senate Wife w/ Robert Kennedy

Ladonna Testifies Before Congress Joint Commission On The Mental Health Of Children

Ladonna Serves As Chair, Women’s Advisory Committee On Poverty War On Poverty

Ladonna works closely with Johnson Administration to Advance Rights of Native Americans Four Generations at the White House

Ladonna is an original convener of The Women’s Political Caucus

Ladonna serves on President Carter’s Commission On Mental Health

Ladonna’s Nominated Vice Presidential Candidate

Citizens Party

Ladonna served on Vice President Gore’s Advisory Council On Information Infrastructure

President Clinton appoints Ladonna to the Commission on The Celebration of Women in American History

Ladonna continues to be active in world affairs w/U.S. Representative Michelle Lujan Grisham

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INDIAN 101 THANK YOU! Follow Us On

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1001 Marquette Ave NW Albuquerque, NM 87102 505-842-8677 AIO@aio.org