Juhe Supplement 2014 by DWLLC

The purpose of this web-based reading program is to provide extra-curricular reading materials suitable for students of different levels. 900 lessons and 105 tests across the three learning levels. Each level includes 300 articles in 30 units. Every unit contains 10 lessons. Visit The Chinese Reading World Website Today and Have Fun Reading!

前言

崭新日历墙上挂，桃红柳绿又一春。今年，在这草长莺飞的三月，《居荷》副刊迎来了十岁的生日。回顾这十年的岁月，《居荷》副刊的每一步成长都离不开大家多年来的关心和支持。在此，我们衷心感谢所有积极投稿支持和关注《居荷》副刊的各位老师、同学们，以及各位新老读者对本刊的厚爱！本期《居荷》副刊收到了来自 28 个学校的 109 篇稿件。限于杂志容量，我们最终精选出 37 篇来自不同年级的稿件。这些稿件主题丰富、内容广泛，有的是对中美差异的深度观察，有的是对生活情感的细腻描绘，有的是对科技文化的系统介绍，也有的是对社会问题的独到见解。这一篇篇独具匠心的文字，一个个天南地北的话题，无一不透露着作者运用自如的中文能力以及对中国文化深深的热爱。最后，我们热烈祝贺以下院校的来稿入选本期《居荷》副刊（排名不分先后）： Asian University for Women Brigham Young University Brigham Young University-Idaho Brown University College of Wooster Grinnell College Harvard University Indiana University-Bloomington Iowa State University Lancaster Country Day School Michigan State University Mount Holyoke College

Transylvania University University of Iowa University of Minnesota, Twin Cities University of New Mexico University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Notre Dame University of Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Western Kentucky University Winona State University

再次诚挚感谢爱荷华大学孔子学院对本期《居荷》副刊纸质本刊印的大力资助！本刊设有电子版，请访问：http://clas.uiowa.edu/files/dwllc/asll/juhe2014.pdf 主编：徐冠镧副主编：寇昱鹏爱荷华大学亚洲暨斯拉夫语言文学系中文部 (The Chinese Program, Department of Asian & Slavic Languages & Literatures) (The University of Iowa, U.S.A) 2014 年 3 月于爱荷华城

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ଚ њ ⭧ Ӫ 㜭䝽 ྭ˛

The University of Iowa

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫ 2

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bú huì lěng

䐁 ᶕ 䐁 ৫ н Պ ߧˈ dà mèi fēi cháng de zhōng chéng

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㍛㢢㬍㢢㊹㓒㢢ˈ й ᛵ ᒨ

fēng ràng

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f ú yún b ù dǒng

ᛵӁн ៲ Ǆ

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㼉 ᆀ 䐣䐣㡎Ǆ Rèn wéi qiū tiān gèng hé

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1. ᘐ䈊Ǐzhōng chéngǐloyalty

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䎥ਦᝏ(Christina Zhao)

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˄Iowa State University˅

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The University of Iowa

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ेᛵ㖇ᶕ㓣བྷ ᆖᝏาኡᛵṑѝᝏҼᒤ㓗 ˄The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill˅

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Ầ䟼ⴻᛵҶ䛓њ㔯㢢

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Ⲵ ⨳ǄӾ

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ᐡⲴ≤ᒣᖸ┑ᛵˈ⋑ᛵ䗷ᡁᓄ䈕ᨀ儈 ᡁⲴ≤ᒣǄц⭼ᖸབྷˈ 㚚ᝏⲴӪҏᖸཊǄ

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

ӑ㖺㺕⢒ 2 ӺཙᱟҼ䴦аҼᒤ ॱҼᴸॱҼਧǄ єњᝏᵏԕᛵˈᡁᔰᛵ༽Ґᵏᵛ㘳䈅Ǆ

ᆇㅜ а⅑кҶ Dean ⲴᛵঅǄᡁ㾱਼⵰ᡁ ⲴⴞḷࣚᛵǄ

⸝਼ྭྭǄᛵ⭘нᒦᡁˈᱟնؑ䰞ᡁ“ᴰ 䘁 ⭏䇽㺘

ᘾѸṧ”ᝏᝏⲴ‫ˈى‬ᡁ⋑⌅എ ㆄ䈤“ᥪ⭘ᛵ Ⲵ”ᝏᝏⲴᛵᔰᵏᆖ Ǆ‫ى‬ᡁᛵਆᗇྭᡀ㔙Ǆ ਟᱟˈഐѪ䘉

Ӆᓅѻ㴉Ǐjǐng dǐ zhī wāǐ a frog living

at the bottom of a well-depicting a man of

њ ᆖᵏⲴ䈮∄䖳䳮ˈᵏᵛⲴᝏᝏᝏ‫ˈى‬ᡁ㿹ᗇ㘳ӰѸᡀ㔙䜭⋑‫ޣ‬㌫

ignorance

ˈᡁਚ ᛵՁᛵǄ ⧠ᛵˈᡁ਼ ᛄ㠚ᐡ䗷ᝏᝏᔳҶᝏ

ࣚᛵǄնᱟˈ਼ ᛄ৸ᴹӰѸ⭘ᛵ˛⧠ᛵˈ ᡁ⋑⌅ᛵᨀ儈䘉 њ ᆖᵏⲴᡀ㔙ҶǄлњ ᆖ ᵏˈᡁᓄ䈕ᴤᛵᛵ ࣚ Ǆ

ӑ㖺㺕⢒Ǐwáng yáng bǔ láoǐbetter

late than never 3. may

ᛵ㗱ཡ 傜 Ǐsài wēng shī mǎǐa loss

turn out to be a gain ᛵ㗱ཡ 傜 ᴹ⭧ᴻ৻Ǆն

ᴸॱ‫ޝ‬ਧⲴᝏᝏ‫ˈى‬ᡁ䘈

⭫嗉⛩ⶋǏhuà lóng diǎn jīngǐadd the

finishing touch

The University of Iowa

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

⧠ᛵˈᡁ⋑ᴹҶǄ⋑Ӫਟԕ 亴ᝏǄᡁн⸕ 䚃ѪӰѸᡁԜ㾱ᛵ ᛵǄᡁйњᝏ ᵏ䜭ⶑᗇ нྭǄᡁ⇿ཙ䘎йњሿᝏᝏ䜭 ⶑнᛵǄᡁҏ нᛵਲ਼ 依 Ǆ ᝏ䘈ᡁ߂ҶˈᛵҶᛵཙˈҏ ⱖҶǄ 㲭❦ᡁᖸՔᗳˈնᱟᡁᗵ享 ༽Ґ㘳䈅Ǆᡁ㿹ᗇ㾱ᱟ ⋑ᴹ⭧ᴻ৻ˈᡁቡнՊ⇿ ཙଝˈᡁⲴᡀ㔙㾱∄⧠ᛵྭǄ

⭫嗉⛩ⶋ

⧠ᛵᱟሩᡁᴰ䟽㾱ⲴᝏᝏᵏǄᡁᱟҼᒤ 㓗ᆖ⭏ˈᴹ㾱䗮ᛵⲴⴞḷ˖ᛵ㓭㓖ᇎ ҐǄ 㲭❦ᡁⲴᡀ㔙∄ᡁⲴⴞḷվˈնᱟᡁⲴᛵ

ᡁⲴаཙ ᷇ཌॾ˄Doug Wilson˅ ‫ޠ‬ᛵᝏ⢩ᆖ ṑॱаᒤ㓗 (Lancaster Country Day School)

䎧ᒺˈ 䎧ᒺԕ਼ ቡ⍇◑ˈ⍇ᆼ◑ቡ䐏ྭྭа䎧ਲ਼ᝏᝏ依 Ǆᛵ㔉ྭྭањᝏᣡ 1ˈᛵ䇹ྭᡁ⡡ᝏྭԕ਼ ˈᡁቡᛵṑ䖖 ৫ ᆖ ṑǄ৫ ᆖ ṑⲴ䐟䗩аᡁˈк‫ڊ‬ᛵ䈮а䗩ੜ 丣 ҀǄᡁѪӰѸ ੜ 丣 Ҁᛵ˛ഐѪ䖖кⲴሿᆖ⭏Ԝ㙺

ᡁᱟ儈 ѝॱаᒤ㓗Ⲵ ᆖ⭏ˈᒣᑨᆖ Ґ ⭏⍫ᖸᘉˈնᱟᴰ䘁нᱟ⢩ᛵᘉǄԕᛵഐ

ཙ༠ 丣䶎ᑨབྷˈᡁੜ 丣 Ҁˈ䘉ṧቡн⭘ੜԆԜ㙺 ཙʽ

Ѫᖸᘉˈᖸᛵᛵ㜭ⶑ㿹ˈᡰԕᡁᑨᑨ㿹ᗇ һ䳮Ԧаᱟᒺ

кᝏᑨᒣᡁ‫⛩ޛ‬ᐖਣᛵᆖ ṑǄк䈮ԕ

䎧кᝏˈ㍟ᖸ‫ݯ‬Ǆਟᱟ⧠ᛵ ⛩ᝏ㜭ᡁѪഐ‫ⶑݯ‬㿹 ᛵᡁௌ Ҷˈᡰԕᴰ䘁ᡁ㿹ᗇᝏкᝏཙཙᡁǄҶ䳮ᖸᱟнᒺ䎧‫⛩ޝ‬䫏 ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

⭘⅒ௌ

⅒䐏ᴻ৻а䎧㙺ཙǄӺཙ ㅜ а㢲䈮ᝏᝏ㤡 ᖸᡁǄ䈮ᝏ㤡ᱟ߉ᛵˈնᱟᡁ 䈫㤡ᝏҖ䈫ᗇᖸធˈ

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

Ⲵ ᝏ

㿹ᗇӺᒤⲴ㤡ᝏ 䈮⋑ ᴹཚབྷⲴᛵᙍǄ㤡ᝏ䈮ԕ਼ ᡁቡ৫кᝏᆖ

Ѫᡁ৲ᛵҶᖸཊⲴ

䈮ˈᱟ AP ᗞ〟ᛵǄ䘉ᱟᡁӺᒤᴰ䳮Ⲵаᝏ䰘䈮ˈк

ਲ਼ᴹਚԜᡁˈᘉ‫ى‬ᛵᴹᝏᝏ䰤ᔰՊǄ ᡁⲴᴰ਼ а㢲䈮ᱟ AP

䈮ᝏᝏᴹⲴᡁੜн៲ˈնᱟᡁⲴᝏᆖ㘱ᐸᱟањᖸྭⲴ㘱

े ᆖ Ǆ৫ᒤᡁнᛵ кᝏ AP े ᆖˈ㿹ᗇे ᆖᖸᛵ⠕

ᐸˈྭᑨᑨᑞᡁǄ ᛵྭⲴᑞࣙлˈᡁቡធធൠ៲ҶǄᝏкॱ

2ǄնᱟӺ

⛩ˈᛵᝏᆖ䈮ԕ਼ ˈ㘱ᐸ઼਼ ᆖ Ԝ䜭৫ᔰ

ᒣᑨᝏᝏᆖ ԕ਼ ᡁՊ৫㓳 Ґᢃ㈞ ⨳ˈնᝏ ᱟഐѪᴰ䘁ᡁⲴ 㞯

⛩аᴹԜᡁ਼ ԕՊᝏᔰǄՊᝏ‫ݯ‬オ䰢ᝏᝏ䰤ˈ

ਇՔҶˈн⭘㓳⨳ˈᡰ ԕᡁй⛩ቡ㜭എ ᇦ Ǆᛵᛵ

⛩ਲ਼ˈлаᛵՁԕਟ‫ݯ‬ь㾯ǄնᱟՁᛵ⋑ ᴹཊ䮯ᝏᝏ䰤

䇹ᡁⲴᝏ㓳 ˈަ

ˈᡁ৸ᗇ৫к⢙⨶䈮ҶǄᡁⲴ ⢙⨶㘱ᐸᖸ䞧ˈԆᝏᗇ䘈н

ᗇнྭ˖ഐѪᡁ ᶕ⭘ԕਟˈ䰤ᝏᝏ։オ Ⲵཊᴤᴹ‫ڊ‬ᛵ䈮Ǆ䘉

䭉ǄӺཙⲴ ㅜ ഋ㢲䈮ᱟ AP 㖾ഭশਢǄᡁ㿹

ቡᱟѪӰѸᡁᴰ䘁нᱟᖸᘉⲴᛵഐǄᛵ㗱

ᗇশਢᖸᴹ ᛵᙍˈশਢ㘱ᐸҏᖸ䞧ˈᝏᗇҏᖸн䭉Ǆ শਢ䈮

ˈ✹⸕䶎ᛵ

ԕ਼ ᡁᴹѝᝏ䈮ǄഐѪѝᝏ઼㤡ᝏ

ྭᗇཚᘛҶʽ ᑨᒣᡁ‫ॺ⛩ޝ‬ਲ਼ᛵ依 Ǆᡁྭྭ‫ Ⲵڊ‬依

⛩аᴹ䈤ᶕᡁሩᝏѝ ᆖ ԕᡰˈṧанᖸᝏ‫ݯ‬䳮ˈնᱟഐѪ

аᡁᛵԕ 依ᛵʽਲ਼ྭᛵ⢩‫ڊݸ‬ᛵ䈮 Ǆ 䲔㔝㔗ᗇ䘈

⅒ᛵᡈˈ ᡰԕᡁ

ᡁ਼ ԕ 依ᛵˈཆѻ↔‫ڊ‬ᛵ䈮Ǆᡁ ᴰ䘁ᛵкॱ⛩ቡਟԕⶑ

ᡁௌ

㿹ᗇᆖ ѝᝏᖸ䘲 ਸᡁǄ ᡁⲴѝᝏ㘱ᐸᝏ ᱟањ䶎ᑨྭ ᝏⲴᝏѝ ᆖᛵᔰǄᐸ㘱 Ⲵ‫ى‬ᡁ㿹ᗇѝᝏᖸ ᛵӪˈնᱟഐѪᴹањྭ㘱ᐸˈᡁᖸᘛቡ ௌ

⅒кѝᝏ Ҷˈ㿹ᗇѝᝏᖸᴹᛵᙍʽᴰ਼ а㢲䈮

ԕᛵᡁਟԕ৫ਲ਼ॸ依ˈਟᱟਲ਼ॸ依ᝏᝏᝏⲴ‫ى‬ᡁᑨᑨᗇ䐏

䈮ཆ⍫ࣘˈ⇿аཙ䜭ᖸᝏ

依

儈ᖸᡁᒤ‫ޤ‬ᡁᛵᆖ े ᆖˈ㿹ᗇे ᆖᖸᴹ䏓Ǆ

ᇎ

ᡁ㿹ᗇн 㓳 Ґ ㈞ ⨳н 㿱

3ʽᡁᖃ❦ᐼᵋᡁⲴ㞯㜭

ཡ 傜

ᘛ⛩ྭˈնᱟн㾱㡜

㿹Ǆ䰝кᛵⶋⶑ㿹 ᝏⲴ‫ˈى‬ᡁ ㅁ Ҷ˖ᝏཙᡁ䘈㾱䘉ṧ䗷ʽ

⭏䇽㺘 1. ᝏᣡǏyōng bàoǐhug 2. ᛵ⠕Ǐkū zàoǐuninteresting 3. ᛵ㗱ཡ 傜ˈ✹⸕䶎ᛵǏsài wēng shī mǎˈ yān zhī fēi fúǐmisfortune may be an actual

⨝кⲴ਼ ᆖᔰՊǄ ഐ

blessing

The University of Iowa

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

ᛵⲴቡᱟԆԜ ᇦㄕㄕ∄ަԆ ᆙᆀ㘱ᇎǃᛵᝏ ᝏⲴ 㚊 ഒ৻ᴻᡊӢ䐏㢲䗷ᒤ䙒Ǆ䚃‫ˈى‬བྷ ᇦ䜭ᖸഠᝏˈн⸕䚃䈕ᘾṧཨ䠁䂏઼ԫዝ ᇦ Ⲵ ᇍ䍍ᛵⱙ 5 ᛵྭǄ

сሿ呝䠁ㄕ(Angel Jin) ᛵᛵབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏйᒤ㓗 ˄Harvard University˅

Ӿሿˈᡁቡ⢩ᛵ⅓䍿

1 сሿ呝

ⲴᝏһǄ ҏ䇨ᱟ

ഐѪᛵсሿ呝 ⲴᝏһѝⴻᛵҶ㠚ᐡᝏᛵǄн—— ᡁㆰⴤቡᱟсሿ呝 ǄӾሿˈᡁ զǃӞ┲ǃᝏ㚚 ᆀᆙ Ԇަᴹ⋑ቡ‫؀‬ᝏ2Ǆᱟ 㠚Ҷᛵᛵᛵᡁˈަษᗳ㓶 Ⲵ⇽⡦ᡁ䗷㓿ᝏؑᗳˈнᛵ㩭਼ ҾᛵӪǄ ᡁᛵ⭏Ⲵ䛓аᒤˈᡁԜ䲒ᆀ䟼਼ᝏᛵ Ҷྭᛵњᝏᇍᇍˈањ∄ањਟ⡡Ǆ㘼ᡁ ত䐏 ԆԜབྷнᛵ਼Ǆੜ⡨⡨Ⲵ᧿䘠ˈᡁ⭏ лᶕᱟቆཤǃй䀂㝨 ǃа䓛哫ᆀǃঅᛵⳞˈ ⇿⅑ᑖᡁᛵ৫⧙ˈԆ䜭 ᴹ⛩нྭᛵᙍᛵ䇔

ሩҾ䘉ӋһˈᡁྭྭᒦнᛵѾˈྭӾ ᶕ䜭⋑ჼᔳ

6 䗷ᡁǄྭሩᡁᒦ⋑ᴹཚ 儈

Ⲵ 㾱≲ˈҏ䇨䘉

ቡᱟ⇽⡡ᛵǄᡁ⡨⡨䟷ਆҶ ਖаᛵᝏᝏᔿ˖Ԇᝏᇊ ᡁᴹаཙՊ 䐏ᛵⲴ ᆙ ᆀ аṧྭˈ⭊㠣∄ԆԜᴤᛵ㢢ǄѪҶษަ 㠚Ⲵᡁؑᗳˈ⡨⡨⢩ᛵ⌘ᛵ啃࣡ᡁˈ⭘аᝏӋ䚃 ⨶઼аӋழᛵⲴ䈾䀰䇙ᡁӾᗳ䟼䇔Ѫ զǃӞ┲ǃᝏ㚚 ᖸҏᡁ‫؀‬Ǆ ᛵа⅑༽ᝏབྷ ᆖ Ⲵঊ༛਼ ᛵՊкˈᴹ

ྭⲴԆᱟᡁ‫ݯ‬Ǆ਼ ᶕˈᡁⲴ 哫ᆀ‫ق‬ᱟ⎸Ҷˈ

аսⅼୡ ᇦ↓ᛵ㺘╄ˈᡁ ケ❦ᴹањᝏᵋˈ ᛵߢкਠ৫㔉

ᛵⳞҏਈᡀᛵⲴҶˈਟᱟ䐏ަԆ ᆙᆀ∄ˈ ᡁ䘈ᱟ

Ԇդ㡎Ǆ⡨⡨ቡ啃࣡ᡁк৫ˈ 䈤䛓սᛵᛵ㛟ᇊᖸᐼᵋ㜭

ㅘ બબⲴˈнᔰソ 3ǄަԆ ᇦ䮯ཨ 㘰 4 ᝏ Ⲵ ᆀᆙᐡ

ᴹᡁ䘉ṧⲴӪդᝏྭⲴᛵй䂏䠁㿱ⴻᇦ བྷǄ㡎‫ߢݯ‬кਠ৫ˈ

㠚‫ˈى‬ᡁ⡦⇽ୟаਟԕᛵ

䜭ᖸ㔉䶒ᆀˈ䐏⵰㢲ཿᛵᛵǄഐѪ䘉ṧⲴ һᛵᛵ⅑й⮚ൠ਼⭏ˈᡁҏᔰᛵԕѪᡁⵏ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

ⲴᖸՈ ⿰ Ǆ ॱ㓿ᐢᡁˈᛵ䖜 а‫ޛ‬ᛵҶǄ 䘉 Ԧһ 䘈ᝏ

3. ᔰソ Ǐkāi qiàoǐenlighten

ᝏ⎞⧠

4. ཨ㘰Ǐkuā yàoǐshow off 5. ᇍ䍍ᛵⱙǏbǎo bèi

ᛵᡁⲴ

㝁

⎧

䟼

ˈնᡁᛵѾᐢ㓿

ᘈҶ ᆳ Ⲵᛵഐ਼ ᛵˈᝏ ᛵѾᘈҶᡁԕᛵᒦнᝏՈ⿰ ˈᛵ㘼䈟ԕѪᡁӾᛵਠкⲴ㺘╄ᱟᡁ 㠚ᴹቡሿӾؑᗳⲴ 㺘 ⧠Ǆᴰ䘁 ˈᖃᗇ⸕ഭ ᛵⲴӢᡊሩᡁ㘳 кᛵᛵ 䘉 Ԧһᝏᛵ䈗ᔲ

ᝏⲴ‫ˈى‬ᡁᛵケ ❦ᛵ䎧ሿᝏᝏ‫ى‬ᱟсሿ呝 Ⲵ

gē daǐparent's favorite child 6. ჼᔳǏxián qìǐdislike and avoid 7. ⎞⧠Ǐfú xiànǐappear before one’s eyes 8. 䈗ᔲǏchà yìǐbe surprised 9. ⭘ᗳ㢟㤖Ǐyòng xīn liáng kǔǐhave expended much care and

ⵏᛵǄ ⡨⡨ⵏᱟ⭘ᗳ㢟㤖 9ˈ僇 Ҷᡁ䘉Ѹཊ 㠚

thought on something 10. ᢗ⵰Ǐzhí zhuóǐpersevering 11. ∛н䐼䒷

ⲴᡁҶަษൠᛵᡀˈᒤؑᗳǄᛵཙᛵ䐏ᝏᝏᝏⲴཙ㙺 ৻ᴻⲴ⨝ᝏѝ‫ˈى‬Ԇн㓿ᛵൠ䈤˖ “AngelˈᡁӾ ㅜ а⅑䙷 ᛵᛵቡⴻᛵᶕᛵᱟ њᢗ⵰

hesitate for a minute

10 ⲴӪǄ”㠚

ᴹѪഐᱟؑˈᡁᛵ㜭 а⅑৸а⅑∛н䐼䒷

Ǐháo bù chóu chúǐdo not

11 ൠ

䘭≲Ỗᛵˈᝏ Ҿнᝏᛵᡈ㠚ᐡˈ㧧ᗇᡁ⧠ᛵⲴᡀ㔙Ǆᖃ ᡁ䐏⡨⡨ᨀ䎧Ԇ 䘉൪ 僇ተᝏᝏˈԆ ㅁ Ҷ˖ “ଖˈᛵᶕᐢ㓿㻛ᛵⴻクᛵʽ”

⭏䇽㺘 1. ⅓䍿Ǐxīn shǎngǐappreciate 2. զ‫؀‬Ǐlíng lìǐclever; bright

The University of Iowa

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

ᝏњ‫ٷ‬ᡁഎ䎺ইҶǄ䱤Ӫ ⋑എ㘱 ᇦ

㔉ᱟᙫߧⲴ ˈᡰԕӪԜ ⲴⳞ㛔∄䖳

ѻᛵˈᡁᝏ㿹

ⲭǄնᙫᱟࣚᛵᛵᛵ⌅ᝏ

ᱟᖃᡁഎ৫਼ ˈє 㠚

ᐡራᛵᛵᝏǄᝏ њᝏᵏቡᛵ唁

ҶǄቡ䘉 ṧˈᛵ䴘

ᆓ н䗷㲭❦ѝॸ⛸ᝏᝏⲴཙ

䱤‫ˈى‬བྷ

⚾⚾

ᝏᴹնˈᆓᝏᱟ❦㲭Ǆ 勌⎧ਲ਼䟼䛓ᛵ‫ى‬ケ ❦ҏՊл䱥

ᡁ䎺ই㘱ᇦ Ⲵཙ≄ 䱸⦹(Bich Tran) ӊ⍢ྭ ᆀ བྷ ᆖᛵ䙊䈍ѝ㓗(к)⨝ (Asian University for Women)

䴘 ǄᡁԜ 䈤䘉 ᛵཙ≄ 䐏 ྭӪа ṧ˖ᘭ㘼ᔰᗳᘭ㘼 ՔᗳǄ ᝏᱟᙫᡁѪഐ‫ٷ‬എ㘱ᇦˈᡰԕᡁ䘈⋑ 㓿শ䗷㘱 ᇦ Ⲵ䴘ᆓ Ǆн䗷ᡁੜᡁ⡨⡨ྭྭ 䈤ˈᡁԜ㘱ᇦ Ⲵ䴘

ᡁⲴ㘱ᇦˈᛵᛵൠ䈤ᱟᡁ⡦⇽Ⲵ㘱ᇦˈ սҾ䎺ইⲴѝ䜘 ᆓ⢩ᛵ㌏㌅ 2ǄഐѪᡁ ᇦ ґᛵ⋯⎧ˈᡰԕ⇿ᒤ䜭 Ǆ ᆳᱟањ৸┲Ӟ৸ਔ㘱 Ⲵ⋯⎧ᛵᐲǄ䈤䎧ᡁ㘱

ᴹਠ 仾 Ǆᴹਠ 仾ᝏᝏᝏⲴ‫ˈى‬ཙ オ䜭ᱟ⚠㢢Ⲵˈл䴘ᱟ

ӾᝏкᝏᛵᛵкǄᴹᝏᝏՊл䘎㔝йཙཊⲴ䴘ˈ䘈դ ቡˈ⭥ ᇦ Ⲵཙ≄ˈᆳ Ⲵഋ ᆓᒦнᛵᝏǄᡁⲴ㘱ᇦ ਚᴹє ᆓ˖䴘ᆓ ઼ᝏ 䰚઼䴧ᢃᴹ‫⭘ۿ‬ᛵᆀᛵᔰཙ オ аṧǄ а㡜ᖸቁᴹཚ䱣 ᝏᴹ䗷нǄ ᆓᝏ‫ى‬ӪԜ䘈ᱟᖸ䳮亴ᝏཙ≄ᝏᱟӰѸṧⲴǄ ᛵᡁⲴ㘱ᇦˈᡁԜ⭘䱤শ䇠ᝏᝏ䰤ǄӾ

ˈᡰԕ㺓ᴽᖸ䳮ᛵᒢǄᡁᝏᝏᝏⲴ ᆓ䴘ˈ䈤ဘ‫ྭى‬տⲴൠᝏᝏ㓿 ᑨ਼⍚≤ˈ ᡰԕ⇿ᇦ䜭ᴹаਚሿ㡩Ǆྭᛵᴹབྷ⍚≤ˈ

Ҽᴸᛵгᴸᱟᝏ ᆓ Ǆཙ≄⢩ᛵ✝Ǆ≄ᛵਟ ॱйᴹ㜭

བྷ ᇦ䜭ᗇտᛵቻ亦 кǄਟ㿱ˈ䴘ᆓ㔉ӪԜ

‫ޝ‬ǃйॱгᝏ ∿ᓖǄѪҶ䱢ᛵˈᝏᝏᝏⲴ䰘ᛵ‫ى‬ӪԜ䴰㾱 ᝏ

ᑖᶕҶᖸཊⲴ 哫✖Ǆн䗷ˈቡᱟഐѪ䴘ᆓ

ᡤᑭᆀǃク ཆ྇Ǆ䘉 1ˈ⢩ᛵᒢ⠕ˈ䎧а⅒ௌ

ᇦ‫ڊ‬৸ᝏᝏᝏⲴॸлᱟն‫ى‬а✝৸䗓Ⲵ㨌ਲ਼Ǆ

ᝏ䛓Ǆ߹䖜Պ㡜‫ى‬ᡁ઼ᡁⲴ㺘ကǃ㺘କ⡡ ৫⎧䗩⧙Ǆᛵ⎧䗩ˈ䰧✝Ⲵᝏ㿹ቡ䜭⋑ᴹ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ྲֻ ˈ‫⥚ڊ‬㚹ǃ㲮઼㭜㨌Ⲵ⛂侬ˈᡆ㘵‫ڊ‬ 䮯䮯ⲭⲭⲴ䶒ᶑ઼⥚㚹⊔ˈᛵа⛩劬䵢ǃ

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

ҶǄᛵᛵ⎧䗩ˈᡁԜௌ

䗓ὂ઼✔㣡⭏Ǆ䘉ṧⲴ⊔䶒ᡁа㡜ਟԕਲ਼

⅒ੜ⵰⎧⎚༠ˈ䰫

⵰⎧仾 ૨૨Ⲵણ䚃Ǆ⋯⎧Ⲵ 仾ᖸᆹ䶉ˈᖸ

єབྷᛵʽ

ᝏӋᛵॸлǄᶮᝏᝏᖸӪԔˈḄᛵ‫ى‬䘈ਟԕ ੜᡁ䘉Ѹ䈤ᡁ ᇦ ґⲴཙ≄˖ᴹབྷཚ䱣ˈ ᴹ䴘ˈᴹ仾ˈᴹ䴧 ˈᘭ㘼ᒢ⠕ᘭ㘼ᛵ⒯ˈ ≄ཙⲴґ ᇦ ᡁ㿹 ᝏᱟнᱟ‫ۿ‬ањௌ

ᙂᝏᑨ

ᡁԜ䜭ԕѪ≨䘌нՊ䮯བྷˈਟᱟᴹаᝏཙᛵᔰᛵᛵˈㄏ ❦䜭ᐢ㓿䮯བྷҶǄ ケ❦਼ ⧠ˈᡁᐢ㓿 ҼॱаᛵҶǄᡁⲴ⡨⡨ྭྭ䜭ᝏྭᴹကབྷǄ㓖㓭

ᝏѸӰᛵ㇑нˈԕᡰ˛ӪྭⲴ‫ى‬ᶕᡁ ᇦ ґˈ䜭䴰㾱⌘ᛵ䓛 փˈഐѪ䘉ᛵཙ≄ᖸᇩ ᝏ⭏ᛵǄ ሩᡁᶕ䈤ˈഐѪਚ㓿শ䗷ᡁ㘱ᇦ Ⲵᝏᆓˈᡁⵏᛵᛵ 䴘ᆓ എ৫а⅑ˈӢ㠚ᝏਇаᝏл䴘ᆓᱟӰѸṧⲴǄ䛓 ṧˈቡਟԕᝏਇаᝏᝏᝏⲴ 仾 བྷᛵ㘵ᡆ䴘བྷл䶒ཆᖃл‫ ઼ˈى‬ᇦ Ӫᛵᇦ䟼а䎧ਲ਼✝✝䗓䗓Ⲵ 依㨌ᛵᴹⲴ䛓 ᛵ⢩ᛵⲴᛵᝏ Ǆ

ᛵտକକǄҶ㘱‫ݯ‬ǄҼက ᝏᒤㄕ ǄҶъ∅‫Ⲵى‬ᴻ৻ᐢ㓿нᱟᡁ⧠ᛵ Ⲵᴻ৻ҶǄធធൠˈᡁҏ䎺ᶕ䎺փՊᛵ⭏ ⍫ѝⲴᛵᛵ㢠䗋 1ǄᡁӾሿᆙᆀ ⲴỖѝ䟂 ᶕˈн⸕н㿹 ਈᡀҶањབྷӪǄ ᝏሿӾǄҶъ∅ᆖ བྷቡᡁᵏᆖ њлᝏ‫ى‬ ᛵ⧠ᛵᡁаⴤᱟᆖ⭏ˈᡁⲴ⭏⍫аⴤ઼ ᆖ ᴹṑ‫ޣ‬Ǆ∅ъ 䇙ᡁᴹа⛩ᇣᙅˈഐѪṩᦞ ᡁⲴ㓿傼

⭏䇽㺘 1. ⛸ᝏ⚾⚾Ǐliè rì yán yánǐthe sun is

ˈབྷ ᆖ⭏⍫ᱟᡁⴞᛵⲴӪ⭏ѝᴰ ᒨᛵ

shining fiercely

ⲴᝏᝏᵏǄѪӰѸ ᆳሩᡁᶕ䈤ᱟᴰᒨᛵᝏ

2. ㌏㌅ Ǐzāo gāoǐterrible

ᝏⲴ ᆖ བྷ˛Ⲵ‫ى‬ᡁ‫ڊ‬ҶӰѸ䇙ᡁᝏᛵ ྭ ↔ ᘛҀ˛ᡁᛵˈᓄ䈕ᱟ

3. ௌ

ᙂᝏᑨǏxǐ nù wú chángǐmercurial;

subject to changing moods

ഐѪᡁ ᆼ ᡀҶйԦབྷ 㾱 ᇊ аᛵԕъ∅ᆖ‫Ⲵڊ‬һǄ ᛵᡁⴻˈབྷ ᆖ∅ъ⭏ᛵ∅ъԕᛵˈ䜭䈕 ᓄ‫ڊ‬ᛵԕл䘉йԦһ˖ᆖ а䰘ཆ䈝ˈᛵ ഭ⮉ᆖ а⅑ˈᴰ਼ ҏᱟᴰ䟽㾱Ⲵ˖ᆖ Պ⡡ 㠚ᐡǄ

The University of Iowa

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

ᆖ а䰘ཆ䈝

“ཙлᝏнᝏѻㆥᑝ” 㾱ᱟᡁ᧘㦀䎆ਟ⩣ (Colleen Ann Ryan) བྷ ᆖ⭏ᆖ а䰘ཆ ေ ᝏᓧ䗋བྷ ᆖᇶቄ⊳สᛵṑѝᝏഋᒤ㓗䈝ˈᖸཊӪнՊ ˄University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee˅ ਼ᛵᡁⲴᛵ⌅Ǆ ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

ԆԜਟ㜭Պ䈤㠚 ᐡᘉᗇнᗇҶˈ⋑ᴹᝏᝏ䰤Ǆ㖾ഭⲴབྷ ᆖ⭏ ཙཙ䜭ᖸᘉˈഐѪᡁԜᴹᛵ䈮ǃᐕᛵ઼㘳

ᡁǄᛵᖡⲴѵ䮯ᖸᴹ⍫ߣᇊ ৫⮉ᝏᝏᝏⲴ ᆖ‫ى‬ᡁᖸᙅˈഐѪᡁᱟ

ᛵᖸ䜭ᗳ䓛ⲴԜᡁǄⲴѸӰ䈅ؑᝏ2Ǆษަ

㖾ഭӪˈ䘉ᱟ ᡁ ㅜ а⅑ᛵഭˈ㘼ф䘈ᱟ৫ѝഭǄᡁ䐏

ѸӰ‫ޤ‬䏓㜭䇙ᡁԜ䗷ᗇ䖫ᶮ㘼৸ᴹᛵѹᛵ˛

гᝏњ䱼⭏Ӫտᛵа䎧ǄᛵᔰᛵᡁᖸᙅԆԜ䜭

ᛵᡁⴻቡᱟᆖ а䰘ᛵⲴ䈝䀰ǄԕᡁⲴབྷ ᆖ ᖸӪ䇙

нௌ

ˈᙍᛵᴹᖸ䈮䈝ཆкˈ䈤ᶕ 傼㓿ᝏ‫ޤ‬

ԕ਼ ˈԆԜᛵ㘼䜭ਈᡀᡁᴰӢ䘁Ⲵᴻ৻

ྭǄᡁ ᆖ ҶഋᒤⲴѝᝏˈᡁⲴѝᝏ਼ ᆖ Ԝ Ⲵṧаᴹᡁ઼‫ޤ‬䏓ˈᡁᝏ㿹

ҶǄᡁԜⲴ৻ᛵᖸ⢩ᛵˈഐѪᱟᔪ・ᛵഭ 䎧аཆ߂

ᡁԜнᱟ਼ ᆖˈ 㘼ᱟᴻ৻Ǆ䘉ṧ㶽⍭ 3 Ⲵ‫ޣ‬㌫

䲙ⲴสᛵкⲴǄᡁԜа䎧ᔰ⧙ㅁˈ а䎧ਲ਼ 依ˈа䎧

ሩᡁ⭏⍫ᴹ ᖸྭⲴᖡᛵǄ

ᆖ ѝᝏˈа䎧ᛵᝏⲴൠᝏᝏᛵ⑨ˈᆖ ҐᝏⲴᝏेǄᡁ㿹

ᝏⲴᴹˈᇎަ‫ى‬ѝᝏ䈮ᖸ䳮ˈᴹӋ਼ ᆖ Ⲵ㺘⧠ᙫᱟ㜌 Ӫаㆩ 4ˈԕ㠤ᡁᑨᑨՊ ᴹӪཆᴹӪǃཙཆᴹཙⲴᝏਇǄᡁ㿹 ᗇᡁ ᛵѝᝏ䶒аⴤ䜭⋑ᴹ䙐䈓

5ˈн䗷↓ᱟᝏ

ഐѪྭ↔ˈᡁቡᴤᛵ⭘ᛵǄ䙊䗷⇿ཙ㓳Ґ ⭏䇽઼ 䈝⌅ˈᛵᶕᖸ䳮Ⲵь㾯ᡁ⑀⑀⨶䀓 ᴹᖸᡁ䇙䘉ˈҶؑᗳǄ

⅒ᡁˈᡆ㘵ᡁԜਟ㜭ՊᛵᛵǄѝഭѻ 㹼

ᗇн㇑ཊѵᡁ 䜭нՊᘈҶԆԜǄ 䘉ᛵᝏᛵ㾱ᱟ нᛵഭˈ ᖸ䳮ᔪ・䎧ᶕǄ ᖸཊӪ䜭䈤 “ᡁᛵᛵഭ⮉ᆖ”ˈਟᱟⵏ Ⲵ䎠ᛵ৫ⲴӪнཚཊǄᡁ㿹 ᗇᖸਟᝏǄ䈤 ⵏⲴˈ⋑⮉ᆖ Ⲵ ᆖ⭏ਟ㜭ᆖ䈝䀰ᆖᗇ䶎 ᑨᝏྭˈਟ㜭ੜ䎧ᶕᖸൠ䚃ˈնᱟ䈫зধҖн

䈤ⵏⲴˈᴮ㓿Ⲵᡁᖸ᠂ˈ㾱ᱟһᛵᖸ

ྭ㹼з䟼䐟Ǆ䘉њц⭼䎺ᶕ䎺ሿҶˈഭо

䳮‫ˈڊ‬ᡁа ᇊ䈤“㇇ҶˈᡁнᛵѾ”Ǆਟᱟ

Ⲵഭ‫ޣ‬㌫䎺ᶕ䎺䟽㾱ˈᡁ䇔Ѫˈྭᛵᛵਚ

⧠ᛵⲴᡁнаṧҶǄᡁ㿹ᗇᡁнӵ ᆖᛵҶ 䈝䀰ˈ㘼 ф ᆖ ՊҶ䍏䍓ԫǄ䘉ሩᡁⲴ⭏⍫ ᖸ䟽㾱Ǆ ㅹᛵ㘱Ҷԕ਼ ˈᡁ㿹ᗇᡁᴰ䳮ᘈⲴ䇠 ᗶа ᇊ Պᱟ৫ᒤ⮉ᆖ Ⲵ㓿শǄ䘉ሩᡁⲴ⭏ᝏᛵᖃᗇ䇠

The University of Iowa

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

៲㠚ᐡⲴᝏेˈн៲ᛵⲴᝏेˈ䘉Պᱟᖸ ᴰ਼ ˈҏᱟᴰ䟽㾱

ӪⲴᝏਇǄਖཆˈᡁᴹаӋнྭⲴҐᛵˈᝏ∄ᝏᝏ䈤ᡁ䈤䈍䈤 བྷⲴ䰞仈 Ǆ䘉ҏᱟᛵഭ⮉ᆖᖸ䟽㾱ⲴᛵഐǄ ᛵഭ⮉ᆖ нӵ㔉ᛵᑖᶕᴹ䏓Ⲵ㓿傼㘼 фਟԕ ᆖ ҐᝏⲴᝏेǄ㾱ᱟᛵᴹᵪՊˈབྷ ᆖ∅ъԕᛵᛵᓄ䈕䈅䈅ˈഐѪ䘉њᵪՊਟ 㜭ਚᴹа⅑Ǆ

ᛵഭ⮉ᆖ ⲴаԦһˈቡᱟ

ᗇཚཊˈਲ਼ 依 ҏਲ਼ᗇཚཊǄ ᡁ䘈⡡ᔰྭᙚⲴ⧙ㅁˈ⡡ⴻ╛⭫Ǆᡁ ⡡ᛵ㠚ᐡ

㿹ᗇ ᝏⲴᴹ‫ى‬ᡁⵏⲴᱟᴰྭᙚⲴӪǄ 㲭❦ᡁᙗṬкᴹᖸཊ㕪⛩ˈਟᱟ䘉 ഋ ᒤⲴབྷ ᆖ⭏⍫䇙ᡁ៲ᗇˈᡁⲴ㕪⛩ቡᱟᡁˈ ᡁⲴՈ⛩ҏᱟᡁǄᡁⲴᴻ৻ᑨ䈤ᡁ㔉Ӫа ᛵҀ㿲Ⲵᝏ㿹ˈ∄ྭ 䈤㾱ᱟ⭏⍫ᴹഠ䳮ˈ ᛵᛵ઼ᗇ៲ᡁǄ䳮ഠሩ䶒⵰ㅁ ԕਟᡁ‫ڊ‬ᴻ

ᡁԜ䜭ᛵᛵᛵањӪᶕ⡡ᡁԜǄᡁԜ ᴹᖸ䍤

৻ǄྭᛵᡁⲴᛵᗳ✖䒱н ᆹ 7ˈੜ 丣 Ҁቡ 㜭䇙

ᗳⲴᴻ৻ˈ៲ᡁԜⲴ ᇦ ӪǄ䘉ӋӪ ᗇԜᡁˈ⡡㻛ᛵ㾱ˈ䗷 нǄԜᡁ⡡Պ䜭ᝏ‫ݸ‬⡡㠚ᐡǄ Ӫ䜭н ᆼ㖾ˈᡁⲴᙗṬҏᴹ㕪䲧Ǆᡁ ᑨᑨђй㩭

ᡁⲴᛵᗳਈᗇᆹ䶉㘼ᛵḄǄᴮ㓿Ⲵᡁ н┑ᛵ㠚ᐡⲴཆ㺘 ˈਟᱟ⧠ᛵⲴᡁ⡡ᡁ㠚㠚ǃ⡡㠚ǃ䟽㠚ᛵ䘉ˈᐡؑᴤ䇙Ӫ⵰

ഋ 6ᝏᴹˈ‫ى‬ᛵ䈮ӰѸⲴ䜭ᘈ

䘧Ǆ ᡁⲴՈ⛩઼㕪⛩ᛵᛵа䎧ቡᱟањ⤜

ˈ߰Ҽᒢаᗇ‫ڊ‬һ㘱ᱟᝏᝏᛵᛵˈӪҏᖸ

аᝏҼᝏ8 ᝏⲴᴹ㇑ቭǄᡁⲴ‫ى‬ᡁ㗑ចᛵӪ

᠂ˈྭᛵ㾱ᡁᛵ䘀઼ࣘⶑ㿹ѻ䰤䘹ањˈ

┲Ӟǃᡀᛵˈਟᱟᡁᴤᛵ៲ᗇ⡡ᡁ㠚ᐡǄ ᡁⲴབྷ ᆖ⭏⍫ᘛ㾱㔃

ᛵǄ㿹ⶑ䘹Պ ᇊ аᡁؑⲴᝏᝏ‫ى‬ᡁⲴᗳᛵн ᝏᴹ㜭ਟˈྭཚ‫ى‬Պᖸ㠚ᡁˈн㜭➗亮ᛵ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᶏҶˈնᱟᡁ㿹 ᗇ䘉ᒦнਟᝏǄ∅ъᱟᡁ⭏⍫ᛵ〻Ⲵަѝ

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

㘼ᛵˈᙅᇣ Պнᡁˈㄉ а‫ྭޤ‬ᗇнᗇҶˈ ഐѪབྷ ᆖ Ⲵаᛵ䜭ᖸᒨᛵˈᡰԕᡁа⛩ҏ 㠚Ҷަษ 䟼ᆖ བྷᛵᡁǄᛄ਼ нؑˈᛵ䙐Ҷ ᴰྭⲴབྷ ᆖ എᗶǄ ᆖ䈝䀰ˈᛵഭ⮉ᆖˈ䘈ᝏᝏᝏᆖ བྷⲴᡁ 䇙һԦй䘉ˈᐡ㠚ᡁ⡡ᴹ‫ݹ‬ਈ ᡀҶᡁӪ⭏ѝⲴ 哴䠁ᝏᝏᵏǄ

␡ཌˈᖃᡁ઼ ᇦ Ӫ㓿䗷ᛵᡯᝏᝏˈ㓿ᑨ 㜭ᛵᛵᡯ䟼Ⲵ 㔯㢢ൠ∟кⴻᛵаሩ┲⎞ 1 ਼䰚䰚ѝ オᛵ‫Ⲵݹ‬㬍㢢ᇍ⸣ǄԄ㓶ⴻⴻˈ 䴅ྭњаᛵⴻԕਟᛵ‫ۿ‬㡜ሿሿⲴ䓛 ᖡˈаᝏࣘнࣘൠ ㄉᛵ䛓䟼Ǆ䛓ቡᱟᡁⲴ⥛——䴚㋮⚥˄Snow Fairy˅Ǆ 䴚㋮⚥ᱟᡁӾࣘ⢙ѻ ᇦ亶ަⲴ⥛ˈྭ 䖖

⭏䇽㺘

ᝏᛵտᛵѻ ᇦ Ԝᡁᶕᛵ‫ޜ‬ഝ䟼Ǆྭᛵ䈤ᝏᱟᡁ䘹

1. 㢠䗋Ǐjiān xīnǐhardship 2. ᛵؑǏpí juànǐfatigue; weary 3. 㶽⍭Ǐróng qiàǐharmonious 4. 㜌 ӪаㆩǏshèng rén yī chóuǐbe one up

ѝҶྭˈнྭ䈤ᱟྭ䘹ѝҶᡁǄྭ ⴤаˈᝏᝏᇦ ѻ⢙ࣘᶕᡁᛵⴻ‫ڊ‬ᛵਟ⡡Ⲵࣘ ᛵˈ䵢ᛵᵏᖵⲴᛵᛵ ˈᐼᵋᡁਟԕᑖྭഎ ᇦ Ǆᛵ᧒㿶ᇔ䟼ˈྭ ㄏ❦䏤ᛵᡁⲴ

䓛кⶑᝏྭˈҶ⵰‫ۿ‬ᝏቡ䇔䇶ᡁҶаṧǄ ㅜ аཙᡁ

5. 䙐䈓Ǐzào yìǐattainments

ᑖྭഎ ᇦᝏᝏˈཙ≄ᖸ✝ˈᛵ䖖кˈྭᛵᛵ ᡁ㞯

6. ђй㩭ഋǏdiū sān là sìǐforgetful 7. ✖䒱

кˈнᝏᝏൠᕐᔰᛵᐤըᛵ㠼ཤⴻ⵰ᡁˈ ੩㾱ᛵྭᶕᛵ䚃

н ᆹ Ǐfán zào bù ānǐset one's nerves on edge 8. ⤜аᝏҼǏdú yī wú èrǐunique;

⸕ᛵᶕ਼ ߧ≄ʽᡁᢺᛵ仾 ਓሩ⵰ྭˈྭ┑䏣ൠӛਇ⵰߹߹Ⲵ 仾 Ǆⵏ ⋑ᛵྭྭᛵ↔㚚ᝏˈㄏ❦Պ⭘㛒փ䈝䀰઼ ᡁ⋏䙊 Ǆ

unparalleled ᡁⲴ䴚㋮⚥ 㖇ᛵᒣ˄Rose Saint Peace Lo˅ ᝏቬ㣿䗮བྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗 ˄University of Minnesota˅

ѪӰѸᡁሶަਆᛵѪ䴚㋮⚥ᛵ˛ഐѪ ᴹᝏྭ‫ۿ‬䴚 аṧ⌱ⲭⲴ∋ˈ㊹㓒㢢∋㥨㥨 Ⲵ㙣ᵥˈ㊹㓒㢢Ⲵ 啫ᆀˈ 䠁哴㢢Ⲵᛵⶋˈ ˈᦧᛵ⍫⚥ᛵࣘ֯⛩࣢ቡ㜭䖫ᝏൠ 伎䏳ᛵ ˈ༴儈‫ۿ‬ᝏ ᴹ䘿ᝏ㗵㞰 Ⲵሿ㋮⚥Ǆྭᱟ㖾 ᖒ䓛ǃᛵӢ⌬⍫ǃ㖾Ո㿲 ཆˈ⥛∋⸝ഭᝏ‫؞‬䮯ǃ㹼ࣘ⚥ᛵˈᛵᇦ䟼ਟԕ䖫ᶮൠᛵᦅ㘱

The University of Iowa

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

啐 ǄഐѪᡁᙅྭ䭀ᛵⲴᝏᝏ⭢ՊᛵՔᡁԜⲴ ᇦަˈᡰԕᡁ

⵰ᡁˈྭྭൠⴻ⵰ ᡁ‫ڊ‬һᛵⲴṧ ᆀ˗ᡁҏᝏ⌅ᘈ䇠ˈྭੜᛵ ᛵ༠↕

㔉ྭᡤк㊹㓒㢢Ⲵᝏᝏ⭢ྭ྇ˈ

㝊Ⲵᡁߢᛵ䰘䗩䗾᧕ᡁˈᵏᖵ⵰ᡁᝏᣡᣡྭⲴṧ ᆀ˗ᴤᝏ⌅ᘈ䇠

ྭᶕ䎧ⴻ‫ۿ‬ᝏᝏҶ㊹㓒㢢Ⲵᝏᝏ⭢⋩Ǆ

ˈᡁᛵᔰᇦ кᝏ䈮ᡆк⨝ᝏᝏྭ䐁ᛵデ ᡧᛵᛵˈᛵн㠽

ൠ ઼ᡁ䚃ᛵⲴṧ ᆀ Ǆ਼ ᶕˈ㲭❦ྭ⭏Ҷᛵˈ ᛵᔰҶᡁˈնྭ⇿ཙ䜭⍫ᛵᡁⲴᗳѝǄ

⭏䇽㺘 1. ┲⎞Ǐpiāo fúǐfloat ᴹаཙᛵкˈᡁੜᛵᛵᡯՐᶕа䱥҂

2. ᛵ㩭Ǐlì luòǐnimble

҂Ⲵ༠ 丣 Ǆѻ਼ ྭ䎠䘋ᡁⲴᡯ䰤ˈᡁ ⴻྭᛵˈᛵҶаབྷ䐣 ˈྭᛵ䟼㺄⵰аਚ⍫ Ⲵ㘱啐 Ǆྭធធൠ䎠ᛵᡁᡯ䰤Ⲵѝ 䰤ˈᢺ 㘱啐ᝏ лᶕǄਟ㜭ഐѪྭ⢩ᛵௌ ᝏ

⅒ᡁᛵˈ

3. ⊇傜ᛵ ࣣ Ǐhàn mǎ gōng láoǐtoil and hardship in the wars 4. ᛵᛵн㠽Ǐyī yī bù shěǐcannot bear to leave

ᡰԕ㾱ᢺ㘱啐䘱㔉ᡁˈਟᝏᡁ䶎ᑨᇣᙅ㘱啐 ǄਇᛵⲴ 㘱啐ᛵᡁᡯ䰤ҡ ヌˈᡁҏᛵᗇ 䘳ᛵҶἵ ᆀ кˈն䴚㋮ ⚥ᛵ⅑ᛵ㩭

2 ൠᛵᝏᛵҶ

ᆳˈᢺᆳᑖᛵҶᛵᡯˈਟᱟ

㘱啐ᴰ㓸䘈ᱟ䘳䎠ҶǄᝏ䇪ྭօˈྭ・лҶ⊇傜ᛵᝏࣣᝏ 3 儈ᖸᱟ䘈ᡁˈ‫ྭ・ˈޤ‬ᛵ䍿ҶྭаӋ

ྭᴰ⡡Ⲵ⛩ᗳǄ㠚Ӿ䘉њһԦ਼⭏਼ ˈྭ ˈᛵㄉ

ेᛵѻᛵ ᝏঃ ‫(ݻ‬Daniel Idziak) ঠ ㅜᆹ㓣བྷ ᆖᐳ励ᝏ亯ᛵṑѝᝏӄᒤ㓗 ˄Indiana University Bloomington˅

ᡯᛵᛵཌཌ‫؍‬ছᡁԜнਇᛵ㘱啐 Ⲵ 僊 ᢠǄਚ㾱 ᛵཌᛵⴻྭᛵ䰚䰚਼ӞⲴᛵⶋˈ ᡁቡ㿹ᗇᖸᆹᗳǄ ྭᑖ 㔉ᡁᝏ䲀Ⲵ⅒ҀǄᡁаⴤᝏ⌅ᘈᝏྭˈ䇠‫ۿ‬䐏ቱ㲛аṧ䐏

ᛵ㖾ഭশਢ䈮ᵜ䟼ˈሿᆙᆀᑨᑨՊ䙷 Ӌаᛵ‫ޣ‬Ҿ䗷৫઼⧠ᛵ⭏⍫∄䖳Ⲵ䈍仈 Ǆ ⧠ᛵᡁ䘈䇠ᗇањሿᝏһ˖⅗⍢ሱᔪᝏᝏԓ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

ᝏⲴ‫ˈى‬ањߌ≁а

䖸

䜭

ᆀ

⢙ǃᛵᝏⲴ

нՊᛵᔰԆⲴ

㣡‫ݯ‬Ǆ

ᇦ ґˈӾԆᛵ⭏ᛵ৫цˈԆ䜭нՊᛵԆ ᇦ 䎵䗷 10 㤡

ྭˈ⋑ 䰞仈

䟼Ǆ⧠ᛵᛵ˛ᡁԜᛵ伎 ᵪǃ⚛ 䖖ǃ⊭䖖ǄᴹⲴӪ৫Ҡњ

Ǆᡁᛵ ᛵਖаᶑ

㨌ቡՊᛵᇦ䎵䗷

㜭䇙ᡁⲫкኡ ཤⲴ

20 㤡䟼Ǆ 2010 ᒤⲴḀаཙˈ僁㹼ҾेӜᛵᓌ 䐟Ⲵᡁˈケ ❦ᛵ䇶ᛵ㠚ᐡᐢ㓿ॺᒤ⋑ᛵᔰ

㓿ᐢᡁˈᛵӜे䈤ᛵ

ˈк ᇎ һǄҶӜेᝏᝏ‫ޝ‬ᡁᛵ䗷ᛵ䎠⋑ᴸњ‫ޜ‬ሃ 10 㤡䟼ԕཆⲴൠ

䚃䐟Ǆа⇥ᝏᝏ䰤 ਼ ˈਖཆаᶑሿ䐟Ⲵ ᵛㄟˈᛵ⅑ᛵ⧠аᡷ䰘ˈєս䆖ሏǄ“ ᛵ 䘋→‫ޕ‬ʽ”ᆇ䘩ᛵᛵǄ ᝏњ䘉ᛵቡ‫ى‬ᡁᛵ䇶ᛵ˖ेӜⵏᱟњ н䶒━Ⲵᛵˈ䈍

ᝏҶǄᡁнᱟ↻⯮Ӫ༛ˈᴤнᱟሱ䰝ᝏᝏԓ ⍢⅗Ⲵߌ≁ˈ䛓Ѹˈ

ⲴᔰᛵᛵǄᛵབྷ‫ݱ‬䇨ᛵᛵ ᔰǄӪǃ䖖ǃ⊑ḃӰѸⲴ䜭

䘉ᛵߥᛵᓅᱟྭօ䙐 ᡀⲴᛵ˛⇿ཙᝏк䎧ᒺˈᛵк䓪

ᗇ⮉ᛵᛵⲴᓅ 䜘ˈ㶽ਸᛵа䎧ˈӾ㘼䙐

лⶑ㿹Ǆᝏкᛵˈᛵᐕཙⲭ‫ڊ‬ỖǄᛵߥቡᱟ䘉ṧˈᡁ Ⲵ⇿аཙ䖫ᝏൠਈᡀҶ䇠ᗶǄҾᱟˈ䛓ཙ ᡁˈк䖖 ᛵߣᇊ㾱৫ኡ哃

1 䛓ཤ䚕䘌Ⲵൠ

ᒣ㓯ⴻⴻǄ

僁 Ҷॺњሿᝏᝏˈᛵ ᝏ ኡ哃䎺ᶕ䎺儈ˈ 㘼ᡁ㠚 ᐡⲴփᛵᛵ㻛⎸㙇ᗇ䎺ᶕ䎺ཊǄᴰᝏ਼ ˈᡁ㓸 ҾᶕᛵҶаᶑⲫኡሿ䐟Ǆᛵ䚃䐟 Ⲵᵛㄟ・⵰аᡷབྷ䰘ˈ 䰘Ⲵє䗩ㄉ⵰єњ 䆖ሏǄ“䘋→ᛵ‫”ޕ‬к䰘 ˈ߉⵰Ǆᛵኡ䐟кᝏᴹаᶑ 唁㢢Ⲵ㈡ㄶ Ǆ㈡ㄶ ѻཆᴹ

ቡҶ⧠ԓⲴᛵᐲ ӪǄ ⲴՊᛵ䰝ሱⲴᶕᛵᇎަߌ≁઼⧠ᛵտ ᛵབྷᛵᐲ䟼 ⲴӪ≁䜭䚝ਇ⵰ᛵՊⲴ᧗ᛵǄ ᡁԜᑨᑨੜ䈤བྷᛵᐲ䟼 Ⲵ⭏⍫ᱟӪ㊫ⲴՏ བྷሶᶕˈ㘼фѝഭ⧠ԓᛵᐲᴰ㜭ԓ㺘ц⭼ ᛵᐲेⲴ䘋↕ǃ⧠ԓᛵՊⲴⴞḷǄ❦㘼ˈ ⵏⲴᱟ䘉 ṧ ᆀ ਼˛տᛵ㖾ഭǃѝഭǃᝏᵜ ㅹ ഭⲴབྷᛵᐲⲴӪԜˈ䈧н 㾱ᘈ䇠Ӫ㊫ᛵ

勌㔯ⲴἽ ⲮᒤⲴ䘋↕ˈн㾱ᛵ䘋↕Ⲵᑼᆀ

2 䟼ˈ䘰ᝏेᡀሱᔪ

ᛵՊ䛓Ӌሱ䰝Ⲵǃ㻛ᶏ㕊 3 Ҿᛵ ൠⲴӪ㘼н㠚⸕Ǆ

The University of Iowa

ᛵᝏ⭏⍫

⭏䇽㺘

Ǆᡰԕ⇿ᛵ᱕㢲ˈቡ ᴹᝏᝏⲴѝഭӪ䴰㾱എ ᇦ䐏ᇦ Ӫ

1. ኡ哃 Ǐshān lùǐpiedmont

䗷ᒤˈަᝏᱟⲴ㾱ѫᴰѝߌ≁ᐕ઼བྷ ᆖ⭏Ǆ

2. ᑼᆀ Ǐhuǎng ziǐcamouflage; pretense 3. ᶏ㕊Ǐshù fùǐtie

ᛵ䘉䜘⭥ᖡ䟼ˈᵾᡀ઼ᛵ⢋㙯˄䛓њ ߌ≁ᐕ˅ᛵ 伎 ᵪⲴᝏᝏ‫ى‬ઘതᴹᖸཊӪ˗ਖᝏᝏᝏⲴᛵᵪ 伎 Ҡˈཆ‫ى‬ҏᱟаᛵ䳮≲ˈ 䘉Ӌ 䜭ᛵ᱐ᛵ᱕㢲എ ᇦ䳮Ⲵ⧠䊑Ǆ䘉њ⧠䊑ᕅ ྭ∄ˈ仈䰞ཊᖸҶ਼‫ٷ‬ᛵ઼ᛵ䟿ᛵ䝽

ǉӪᛵഗ䙄Ǌᖡ䇴㢮⧺ᝏ(Salma AitHssayene) Խᝏ⢩ᆖ䲒 (College of Wooster) (Accelerated Advanced I/II CIEE)

књᝏᵏᡁԜⴻҶа䜘ௌ

ᛵ⡷ˈᛵਛ ǉӪᛵഗ

䙄ǊǄ ᆳ䇢䘠ⲴᱟањᛵਛᵾᡀᝏᝏᝏⲴ ᇦ എ㢲᱕ ᛵᶯ㘱Ⲵᛵ‫ى‬䙷ᛵањߌ≁ ᐕⲴᝏһǄԆԜᛵ䙷 ѻ਼ ˈ਼⭏Ҷᖸཊഗ һ˖䘉њ㘱ᶯᵜᶕᱟਟԕᛵ伎 ᵪⲴˈն⭡ Ҿཙ≄䶎ᑨнྭˈ㡚⨝ਆ⎸ҶˈᡰԕԆਚ њ䘉䐏 ྭߌ≁ᐕᛵ⚛䖖Ǆ਼ ᶕᵾᡀ਼ᛵ⧠ᝏᱟᛵ ⲴҠԆ‫ˈⲴٷ‬Ҿᱟ਼⭏Ҷᴤཊഗ һĂĂ 䲔Ҷᝏㅁ ԕཆˈ䘉䜘⭥ᖡҏᛵ᱐ᛵҶ ѝഭᛵ ՊᖸཊⲴ⧠䊑Ǆ∄ྭ᱕㢲എ ᇦ䳮ቡᝏᱟቡ㢲᱕ ǄаѻѝަᱟߌশⲴаᴸаਧǄ ѝഭӪ䜭䗷䘉њ㢲ᝏ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

1ㅹ

ㅹ Ǆቭ㇑ྭ↔ˈѝഭӪ䗷ᒤ䘈ᱟ㾱എ ᇦ Ǆ

ᝏे オ䰤

ᴹⲴӪ 䇔 Ѫ 䘉 ӋӪⲴ ᇦᓝ㿲ᘥཚՐ 㔏 ˈ 㶽㜭 “㾶≤䳮ᝏ”

нԜԆ㘵ᡆ‫ޕ‬བྷᛵᐲⲴ⭏⍫Ǆ❦㘼ਖ ཆаӋӪ䇔Ѫˈሬ㠤

——⭥ᖡǉཡᙻйॱйཙǊ㿲਼ ᝏ 䘉 њ 䰞仈 Ⲵṩᵜᛵഐᝏ ᱟѝഭᝏᝏᓌᇎ ᝏⲴᡧ㉽

䇨⡡၌˄Anna Shkireva˅

ᛵᓖǄഐѪ䘉њ ˈᓖᛵߌ≁ᐕᝏ⌅䇙ԆԜⲴ ᇦ Ӫ䜭

ᝏ໘㾯କབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏйᒤ㓗

ᛵᛵᐲ ᶕտˈᡰԕԆԜਚྭ⇿њ᱕㢲䜭എ ᇦ䗷ᒤǄ

(University of New Mexico) н 䗷 ˈᡁ㿹ᗇਖањᖸ䟽㾱 Ⲵᛵഐᱟ ⍾਼ኅⲴнᒣ㺑 ǄഐѪ⧠ᛵѝഭབྷᛵᐲ

㓿

∄ߌᶁ਼ 䗮

ᛵੜ䈤䗷 ѝഭᴹਕ䈍ਛ“ 㾶 ≤䳮ᝏ”਼? 䘉ਕ䈍

ᗇཊˈᡰԕߌ≁ᐕⓀⓀнᝏᝏ3 ൠ৫ᛵᐲᐕᛵˈӾ㘼ሬ㠤ԆԜᗵ

Ⲵᛵᙍᱟ˖⌬ᛵ৫Ⲵ≤

享ᛵ᱕㢲ᝏ ᝏ Ⲵ‫ى‬䎦എ ᇦ о ᇦ Ӫഒ㚊Ǆᡁ㿹ᗇ䀓

ᐢ௫∄ᶕ⭘ᑨ‫ڊ‬ᛵⲴһᛵᖸ䳮ᝏ ᛵᝏਈǄ

ᝏߣ“᱕㢲എ ᇦ䳮”䘉њ䰞仈ᱟᖸ䳮Ⲵˈᡁ䇔Ѫ 㿶䟽

ਟԕᖒᇩԫօһ⢙˖ᢃ⺾ Ⲵ 㣡 ⬦ǃ

ᛵᴤ䈕ᓄᓌᝏᝏᱟ⌅ᛵⲴᝏᴹᴰߌᶁⲴᝏ਼ኅǄ

ਇՔⲴᗳ⚥Ǆ⭥ᖡǉཡ ᙻ 33 ᆙ ྭ 䖫ᒤњаᱟቡⲴ 䇢

䳮ԕᝏഎˈ

㓿 њ

䘉

䇽

ཡ৫Ⲵ 㠚ሺˈᡆ㘵

Ǌཙ‫ݯ‬哴ሿ ԉ“㾶≤䳮ᝏ”Ⲵ⡡ᛵᝏһǄഐѪྭⲴ⭧৻ ケ ❦ᨀᛵ઼ྭᛵᛵˈྭՔᗳҶ

ཙǄྭ

⋑ᛵᛵՊ઼⭧৻ᛵᛵˈഐѪԆԜᐢ㓿ᛵаᝏ 䎧 ᒤҶǄ 䙊ᑨᶕ䈤 ˈྭᛵ઼ᛵањӪᙻ ⭏䇽㺘 1. ᛵ䝽Ǐfēn pèiǐdistribute 2. ᡧ㉽Ǐhù

ˈᛵᖰᖰᴰ਼ Պჱ

㔉

䛓

њӪǄ

⡡Ҷᖸ䮯ᝏᝏ䰤 ҏ

䇨

䘉

ቡᱟѪӰѸᛵ⭥ᖡѝྭ 䴰㾱㓿䗷㢠䳮Ⲵ䗷〻ᛵ㜭 ӾⰋ 㤖 ѝ䎠ᛵᶕǄ⭥ᖡѝˈ

哴ሿԉᗇᛵҶ਼һ⦻ሿ䍡

jíǐdomiciliary register; household register

Ⲵᝏᝏ઼ᑞࣙǄᝏᝏᝏⲴᛵᔰ‫⦻ˈى‬ሿ䍡ሩ哴ሿԉⲴⰋ㤖㺘⧠ н═

3. ⓀⓀнᝏǏyuán yuán bú duànǐ

ᛵаᛵ‫ޣ‬ᗳ

an endless stream

Ⲵᘱᓖ˗❦

㘼

䲿⵰ᛵ

ᛵⲴ਼ኅˈᛵቡՊⴻᛵԆሩ哴ሿԉ䳀㯿Ⲵ ᝏᛵǄᖸཊӪ䈤 The University of Iowa

ᝏे オ䰤

˖ᴻ৻ᴹᖸཊᛵ ˈᴹⲴᴻ ৻ਟԕ 䲚 ᛵ⧙ˈնԆнௌ 䈤 ✖ᚬ˗

⅒ੜᝏᛵ䇹

䘈ᴹⲴᴻ৻ᛵᒣᝏᝏਟ㜭ᝏ㿹нᛵԆⲴ 䟽㾱 ˈ

նᱟаᝏᖃᛵᛵᛵഠ䳮ˈԆቡՊ਼ᛵըᛵᝏᝏࣙѻᛵǄѪҶᑞࣙ 哴ሿԉˈ⦻ሿ䍡 нӵ

‫ޣ‬ᗳྭˈ 㘼 ф 䘈䙇

⭏䇽㺘 1. н═‫ޣ‬ᗳǏmò bù guān xīnǐcareless 2. ⵏᝏǏzhēn zhìǐhearty 丙 ഭ䘎㔝ᛵਇ⅒䗾Ⲵѫ㾱 ഐ ㍐

ྭ ㅁ ǄഐѪԆⲴ㓟ⵏˈ ԆԜⲴ৻䈺ҏᖸⵏᝏ 2ྭԉሿ哴

䠁ᇈ ց˄Kwanwoo Kim˅

Ǆ‫ۿ‬ᴹӋ

ᇮ ཅ⌅ቬӊབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗

਼ ⸕਼ 㿹ˈᒦ⋑ᴹᝏ㿹ᛵ⦻ሿ䍡ⲴᝏᛵǄ ᛵᡁⴻᶕˈ⭥ᖡѝⲴᕐ

˄University of Pennsylvania˅

䱯ဘ䇙哴ሿԉⴻᛵᝏҶӰѸᱟⵏ⡡Ǆᕐ䱯ဘ䈤 ˖“ਚᴹᡁԜ㓿 শ䗷ˈᡁԜᛵՊ੨ਆᝏ䇝Ǆ”ᛵ⡡ᛵкҏᝏ ᱟྭ↔ˈᡁԜਚᴹ੨ਆᝏ䇝ˈᛵ㜭ਈᗇᴤ

䲿⵰、ᢰⲴ਼ኅ઼⭏⍫≤ᒣⲴᨀ儈ˈ ⑀䙀փჂ㿶⭥ഭ 丙‫ڊ‬ᛵҶᐲ൪े઼‫े⨳ޘ‬Ǆ а㡜ᶕ䈤ˈ 丙 ഭ䘎㔝ᛵⲴᝏ㿶⦷䜭䶎ᑨ儈ˈ ਇᛵ⭧ྭ㘱ቁⲴ⅒ 䗾Ǆ㘼фˈ丙 ഭ⭥㿶ᛵ ᛵѝഭ઼ᝏᵜҏᶱਇ⅒䗾 ˈᖒᡀҶа㛑 “丙⍱”Ǆަᇎ བྷ䜘ᛵⲴ 丙 ഭ䘎㔝ᝏ ᛵ 䜭ᴹнᝏঌᵚ઼㢲ᛵⲴ ᇎ⧠‫ ⸕ݸ‬1 Ⲵ㔃ተˈਟᱟབྷ ᇦ䘈 ᱟௌ਼

⅒ⴻǄᛵᡁⴻᶕˈ丙 ഭ䘎㔝ᛵਇ

⅒䗾Ⲵѫ㾱ഐ ㍐ᴹԕлᝏ ᛵ ᝏ 䶒Ǆ ㅜ аˈ丙 ഭⲴ 䘎㔝ᛵ㔉㿲ՇᨀᛵҶа

ᴹ㓿傼 Ǆ

ӋᒫᛵⲴ オ䰤Ǆ⇿䜘䘎㔝ᛵ䜭ᴹᖸᐵᡆ㘵 нҏᡁˈᖡ⭥ⴻ⅒ௌ

䜭Ӫњ⇿ֻཆʽ 㲭

Ӫѫྭ⭧ⲴӞ┲ᖸ‫ޜ‬ǄӾԆԜ㿱䶒ᔰᛵˈ

❦ᡁᱟањሩ⭥ᖡᖸᛵᛵⲴӪˈնᱟⴻ ᆼ ǉཡᙻ 33

Ӫѫྭ⭧‫ޜ‬ѻ䰤ቡӗ⭏аӋྭᝏǄ㘼фˈ

ཙǊԕ਼ ˈᡁ਼⧠䘉䜘⭥ᖡ ⵏⲴᖸἂˈ䇙ᡁ䶎ᑨᝏࣘʽᡁᝏ ⲭˈᴹҶ

ᛵ㔝䘎Ⲵഭ 丙‫ݵ‬ᛵᛵ⭘ᛵᛵᛵṧⲴᛵՊ㛼 Ⲵ䲙

⡡ᛵˈቡᴹҶаᛵ!

ডᑨ䶎ᛵ⭼୶Ⲵ⛸◰ᖸҹ ㄎ ӾǄᛵᝏߋһ㹼ࣘˈ䘉Ӌ䜭

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᝏे オ䰤

㔉Ӫᑖᶕᛵ◰઼ᝏ䲀Ⲵᛵ 䊑オ䰤ǄᴹⲴӪ䇔Ѫˈ丙 ഭⲴ

ഭӪᶕ䈤ˈӛਇ 3 䘎㔝ᛵᡰᨀᛵ Ⲵᒫᛵオ䰤઼䘳䚯

䘎㔝ᛵ㜭ཏ 㔉㿲ՇᨀᛵѠ ᇼ Ⲵ䰤᧕㓿傼 Ǆ

⧠ᇎ ⲴᵪՊˈᱟԆԜᴰ

ㅜ Ҽˈ丙 ഭⲴ䘎㔝ᛵਟԕ䇙㘱Ⲯဃᛵ а ᇊ 〻ᓖк䘳䚯⧠ᇎ Ǆަᇎˈབྷ䜘ᛵ丙 ഭ Ӫᛵ⭏⍫ѝ 䜭ᴹаӋнᒨ઼ᛵᛵǄ∄ᝏᝏ䈤ˈ

ᝏⲴᛵᒨ‫ݹ‬Ǆ

⭏䇽㺘 1. ঌᵚ‫⸕ݸ‬Ǐwèi bǔ xiān zhīǐforesee

ᛵ

Ⲵ䰞仈ǃቡъⲴ䰞仈ㅹㅹ Ǆ ᇦᓝ઼ᛵ

ᝏⲴ䟽ѕᖸ仈䰞Պ‫ˈى‬Պ㔉Ӫ䙐ᡀᖸབྷⲴ ᛵ઼ᛵᗳ⨶䰞仈

2. ‫ޡ‬呓 Ǐgòng míngǐsympathetic response 3. ӛਇǏxiǎng shòuǐenjoyment

Ǆ㲭❦丙 ഭⲴ䘎㔝ᛵᑨᑨ ᖸн⧠ᇎˈնᱟᆳ Ԝ㔉㿲ՇᨀᛵҶањ㖾ᝏྭц⭼ˈ䇙ԆԜਟԕ䘳䚯↻䞧 Ⲵ⧠ᇎ Ǆᛵ ⭥㿶ᛵ䟼ˈ“儈ᇼᐵ”Ӫѫ⭧Ⲵ‫ޜ‬ਟ㜭ௌ

ᡁⴻ⭥ᖡǉ㣡ṧᒤॾǊ ⅒

ӪѫྭⲴᛵᒣᖸњак‫ޜ‬Ǆ㲭❦䘉ṧⲴᛵ

∋ᛵӱ (Erica Moulton) ᴬ㦧㧢ᆖ䲒ѝᝏ ഋᒤ㓗 ˄Mount Holyoke College˅

ᛵнཚ⧠ᇎˈնᱟ䘉ṧⲴ䘎㔝ᛵਟԕо㘱 ⭏ӗဃⲮ‫ޡ‬呓 2ˈਇᛵԆԜⲴ⅒䗾Ǆ

ӾཆഭӪⲴ䀂ᓖᶕⴻˈ丙 ഭⲴ䘎㔝ᛵ ᧿䘠Ҷ 丙 ഭⲴᝏे઼ 丙 ഭӪⲴ⭏⍫Ǆ㲭❦ ԆԜੜн៲ 丙䈝ˈնᱟԆԜ䘈ᱟ㜭ⴻᛵ丙 ഭⲴ ᇦᓝᝏेˈ㜭⨶䀓丙 ഭᝏेⲴаӋ⢩ ⛩ǄሩԆԜᶕ䈤ˈ丙 ഭⲴ䘎㔝 ᛵਟԕ䈤ᱟᝏњᝏц⭼ˈ৸ᛵ◰৸ᴹ䏓Ǆ ަᇎˈᡁ㠚ᐡнཚௌ

⅒ⴻ丙 ഭⲴ䘎㔝ᝏᛵˈਟᱟᡁ

㜭⨶䀓ᆳ Ԝਇ⅒䗾ⲴᛵഐǄሩ བྷ䜘ᛵ丙

The University of Iowa

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ǉ㣡ṧᒤॾǊᱟ⦻ᇦ ছ 2000 ᒤᢗሬ ǉ㣡ṧᒤॾǊᢺᝏһ

仈ˈሬ╄䘀⭘⭡Ҷᛵᴢ ᇦᛵ㊣ቄ·ᛵ ẁ߉Ⲵᴢ ᆀ ǉࣘ⢙⣲⅒ Ⲵѝഭ⭥ᖡǄ⭥ᖡ䇴䇪ᇦ䜭䶎ᑨ⅓䍿䘉䜘 ⭥ᖡˈ䘉䜘⭥ᖡ䲔Ҷ㧧ᗇᛵᡋ㓣⭥ᖡ㢲俆ᝏ ᱐Ⲵ↺㦓 ԕཆ,ᴰҶᗇ䎒

䘈

Տᵍằ╄ѫᝏ֣

⭧╄ઈⲴབྷǄᛵ⭥ᖡѝˈਖཆаսѫ╄ᝏ ᱟᕐᴬ⦹ˈྭ઼ằᵍՏ䜭 ᱟ⢩ᛵ㪇ᛵⲴ╄ᝏ ઈˈ৲╄ 䗷䇨ཊѝഭ⭥ᖡˈަѝᖸཊᱟࣘ ᛵ⡷Ǆնǉ㣡ṧᒤॾǊ઼ࣘᛵ⡷⋑ᴹԫօ ‫ޣ‬㌫ Ǆ䘉䜘 ⭥ᖡⲴᝏᝏփ≄≋ԕ⊹ᇲ

Ѫѫˈ ⭥ᖡѝⲴӪ⢙ሩⲭҏᖸቁˈᛵ㢲

਼ኅнᱟᝏᱟ㘼ˈⲴᙗ㓯ⴤ‫ۿ‬а 俆䇙Ӫ⊹ᙍⲴᴢ ᆀˈ ަѝᴹ⵰䎧ԿᴢᣈⲴᛵᖻǄ 㢲ǊǄ⦻ᇦ ছҏ

㛼ᛵ䇮ᇊᛵ 1962 ᒤⲴ

俉ᛵˈᝏᝏ䜘 ⭥ᖡᕕ╛⵰ަ 䳵

㘼

֯⭘䘉њᛵᝏᝏ⌅ˈᛵǉ㣡ṧᒤॾǊѝˈ ⭥ᖡⲴ䝽Ҁᱟа 俆ᝏ

༽ਔⲴ≄ᛵǄ⭥ᖡⲴᛵ㢲ᒦн༽ᵲˈѫ㾱 ᴹєњӪ⢙˖ањᣕ

ᵜᴢ ᆀˈਛǉỖҼǊˈ ੜ䎧ᶕ䇙Ӫᛢᚨ 6Ǆ䘉ᛵᛵᝏᝏᛵ⌅䇙

侶㕆䗁ਛઘចӁ,аᝏ њҖ 䇠ਛ㣿 ѭ⧽ǄԆԜᱟ䛫

н਼ ণՇ㿲Ⲵ ᇦ ഭ֯ੜн៲⭥ᖡⲴ䈝䀰ҏ㜭ⴻ

ትˈ਼ ᶕєӪ 䝽ⲴԜԆ㿹਼䜭‫ڦ‬ᴹ ཆᛵˈ㘼ᛵㆰঅ㘼 ⩀

៲⭥ᖡ䇢䘠ⲴᝏһˈփՊ⭥ᖡ㺘⧠ⲴᛵᝏǄ 䲔Ҷ㫉

⺾Ⲵᝏᑨ⭏⍫ѝԆԜҏ⑀⑀⡡кҶሩᝏᝏˈ

䝽

Ⲵᐡ㠚

ᵋᐼнԜԆѪഐᱟਟ‫ڦ‬аṧ਼

⭏

ཆᛵˈᡰԕᢺ㠚

ᐡሩሩᝏᝏⲴᝏᛵ␡␡

ൠ䳀

ᶕǄᛵᒤ਼ ˈԆԜᛵᔰҶǄ⭥

㯿

䐏

䎧

ᖡᴰ਼ Ⲵаᒅ䶎

ᑨᴹᛵᙍǄઘចӁ৫৲㿲䀂ⴻᛵӾॱҍц㓚ᛵҼॱц㓚Ⲵ 㣍ᛵକǄ ѪҶ䇙㿲Շᝏਇ⭥ᖡᡰ㺘⧠Ⲵ ᇲሎ઼Ⅲᵋ Ⲵѫ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ཚཷⲴᛵᝏᝏᛵ⌅ԕཆˈᡁҏௌ

ᝏे オ䰤

⅒ሬ╄ሩ⭥ᖡ㢢䈳Ⲵ༴⨶Ǆ⭥ᖡⲴ⭫䶒ቡ ਔ䘩

ˈ䛓ᱟ

ањᖸ‫ۿ‬аඇ⭫ᐳˈ

䇙㖾ѭⲴሪᓉǄԆሶ勌 ᐡ⡡Ⲵ 〈 ᇶᚴᚴᝏѭˈ∄ྭ 㓒

㢣Ⲵ 仌㢢⢩ᛵ 㠚㢢 ൠᛵ䇹

Ҷаἥਔṁˈ઼㔯㢢ˈᕐᴬ⦹

ᒦሶަ≨ 䘌ሱᆈ 䎧Ⲵᝏ

㺽Ⲵ㢢ᖙҏ ᶕǄ䘉њ㔃 ⵰Ӫ⢙Ⲵᗳᛵ ‫⚠ݯ‬㢢 ਈेཊṧǄሬ ᴹᛵຳ

4Ǆ䘉䜘⭥ᖡⲴᝏ һᖸՐ㔏ˈնᱟ

ᛵᝏᝏᛵ⌅তᖸ⢩ᛵǄ ᴹਖཆа䜘⭥ᖡ䐏ǉ㣡 ṧᒤॾǊⲴᛵ ᛵᖸᔿᝏᝏᛵ઼ຳ ‫⭥ˈۿ‬ᖡⲴᛵᆇᱟǉཙ าѻᝏǊǄǉཙาѻᝏǊᱟᝏ1978 ᒤˈ⭡ ⌠Ֆᝏ·ᛵ傜 ‫ݻ‬ሬ╄Ⲵ⭥ᖡǄ䘉є䜘⭥ᖡ ѝⲴӪ⢙䜭⋑ᴹ䛓 Ѹཊሩⲭˈᝏһ㢲ཿҏ ∄䖳ធǄሬ╄⭘㫉ཚཷ 5 Ⲵᛵ⌅ˈ䝽 к㖾 ࿉Ⲵ 丣 Ҁᶕ㺘⧠Ӫ⢙Ⲵᝏᛵ઼⭏⍫Ǆ∄ྭ

ተᴹ⛩䲿 ˈնᱟ䶎ᑨ㘼

ᛵǉཙาѻᝏǊѝ㿲Շ䙊䗷ањቁྭⲴ㿶䮌઼ ᆀ䮌⭘ 䘈╄‫ۿ‬䈤ᝏӪ⢙༽ᵲⲴ㋮ᛵ⣦ ӪѫսєҶ⧠㺘 Ǆᘱ‫ޜ‬ᛵ⭏⍫ѝⲴ䛓ᛵӢ ᇶ ઼ 唈 ྭ 7ˈԕ৺㻛ᛵ Պ䚃ᗧ㿴㤳ᡰ㓖ᶏ 㘼⢪⢢㠚ᐡᒨᛵⲴᝏྭǄ ǉ㣡 ṧᒤॾǊᱟа䜘㖾ѭ㘼૰ՔⲴ⭥ ᖡˈҏᱟа䜘 ᖸ⢩ᛵⲴ⭥ᖡǄ⭥ᖡᛵᛵᝏᝏѝ⋑ᴹ⭘ԫօ㝊ᵜˈ㘼ᱟ ṩᦞᝏһⲴ╄ਈᝏ઼ᝏᛵⲴਈेˈ䇙╄ઈ৫փՊǃ৫ᝏਇǄ 䘉 ṧˈ㿲Շҏ䐏䲿⵰Ӫ⢙Ⲵᝏᛵਈे઼਼ ኅ৫փ 傼䘉⇥䇙 Ӫᗳ⺾ⲴᝏӪ⡡ᛵᝏһǄ

The University of Iowa

ᝏे オ䰤

䘉ҏᱟᡁѪӰѸௌ

⅒䘉䜘⭥ᖡⲴањѫ㾱

ᛵഐǄ

Ҷˈҏቡᖸ䳮㜭ᛵᛵ⭥㝁ᆖ ઼ަԆ ᆖ、Ⲵ ⭼䲀Ǆ 㘼䘉ṧⲴ㔃ᛵቡᱟˈ䘎⭥㝁、ᆖᇦ ਟ㜭ҏн⸕䚃

⭏䇽㺘

⭥㝁ᆖᓄ䈕वᝏଚӋᝏᝏ䶒Ǆ ਖཆˈ⭥㝁

1. ↺㦓Ǐshū róngǐunusual glory

ᆖ Ⲵᛵᆇ нᛵᾊˈሩ᧿䘠⭥㝁 ᆖ、⋑ᴹ⭘ˈн

2. ⊹ᇲ Ǐchén jìǐquiet; still; silent

㜭㔉⸕䚃䘉њᛵᆇ ⲴӪа њ ᆼᝏᝏⲴ䇔䇶

3. ަ䳵Ǐdiǎn yǎǐcultured; refined; elegant

Ǆഐ↔ˈᡁᐼᵋਟԕ㔉ሩ⭥ 㝁ᆖᴹ䭉䈟䇔䇶

4. ᛵຳ Ǐyì jìngǐartistic conception

ⲴӪ䟺⯁䀓ᝏ2Ǆ ⭥㝁ᆖ䘉њᛵ〠ᱟ⭡⭥㝁ᆖᇦ䐟ᝏ䍩

5. 㫉ཚཷǏméng tài qíǐmontage

⅑а ㅜ ༛ঊ֯⭘ⲴǄ䍩ঊ༛Ѫ㖾ഭ⭥㝁ᆖ 6. ᛢᚨǏbēi tòngǐextremely mournful ᆖ、Ⲵᡀ

・

7. 唈 ྭǏmò qìǐunvoiced pact ᢃлҶสᛵǄ Ԇнᝏબᛵ

ᛵ㖾ഭབྷ ᆖ ᡀ・⭥㝁ᆖ ሩ⭥㝁ᆖ Ⲵ䈟䀓䜘Ǆаҍӄ 亮ᆹ䗮(Adam Grupa)

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᝏे オ䰤

ҍᒤˈᛵǉ䇑㇇ᵪॿՊ䙊䇟Ǌᵲᘇ䟼ˈ䍩 ⅑а ㅜ ༛ঊ֯⭘Ҷ“⭥㝁ᆖ”䘉њ䇽Ǆ਼ᝏˈ Ԇ䇪䇱Ҷ

㔤䈪㓣ᐎ・བྷ ᆖ ഋᒤ㓗ѝᝏ⨝

䘉њᛵ〠Ⲵਸ⨶ᙗˈഐѪ⭥㝁ᆖ ᱟཊ ᆖ、

˄Winona State University˅

Ⲵˈवਜ਼Ҷᖸཊᓄ⭘ᆖ、Ǆаҍ ‫ޝ‬Ҽᒤˈ䍩 ᡁⲴуъᱟ⭥㝁ᆖ Ǆᡁ㿹ᗇᖸཊӪሩ ⭥㝁ᆖᴹ䭉䈟Ⲵ䇔䇶Ǆ䘉ᛵ䭉䈟ᱟᛵᛵᝏѻѝ

ঊ༛઼ԆⲴ਼ӱԜ㓸Ҿ ᇎ⧠Ҷ 1

ⲴˈഐѪབྷཊᝏӪᒦн⸕䚃⭥㝁ᆖ

ԆԜⲴ⨶ᛵˈᛵᛵᛵབྷ ᆖ ᡀ・Ҷ㖾ഭ ㅜ аᝏњ⭥㝁

ᛵᓅᱟӰѸǄ ᇎ䱵кˈ㲭❦⭥㝁

ᆖ䜘Ǆ䘉ቡᱟ⭥㝁ᆖᛵ〠Ⲵ⭡ᶕǄ л䶒ˈᡁԜа

ᆖ Ⲵঅа ᇊ ѹㆰঅ 㘼ᛵᾊˈਟᱟ䘉

䎧ⴻалѪӰѸ䘉њᛵ〠ᴹ 䈟ሬᙗǄ ⭥㝁ᆖ䙊ᑨⲴ ᇊ ѹᱟሩ䇑㇇઼䇑㇇ᓄ ⭘Ⲵ

њ ᇊ ѹᖸᇭ⌋ˈᡰԕ⭥㝁、ᆖᇦ а㡜н㜭ሩ⭥㝁 ᆖ Ⲵᛵᛵ䗮ᡀањ ‫ޡ‬䇶Ǆਖཆˈ⭡Ҿ⭥㝁ᆖᝏᝏ

、ᆖᙗ઼ ᇎ⭘ᙗⲴ⹄ウ Ǆᛵ䘉䟼ˈ、

ਸҶཊњަԆ 、ⴞⲴᛵᇩˈᡰԕ䘉њ䰞仈 ਈᗇᴤᛵ༽ᵲ

ᆖᙗᝏᝏⲴᱟањᶑ⨶ᛵᛵⲴ⸕䇶ᛵᇩ㓴㓷Ǆ ᡁԜਟԕ 傜 кⴻᛵ䘉њ ᇊ ѹ઼⭥㝁ᆖ Ⲵᛵ

〠н ㅖ˖䘉њ ᇊ ѹ䜭⋑ᨀᛵ“⭥㝁”єњ ᆇʽ 䘉

、ᆖǃ䙫䗁ᆖǃᝏᆖ ԕ৺䈝䀰ᆖˈᡰԕ४ᝏᛵ⭥㝁ᆖ䐏

ቡᱟሩ⭥㝁ᆖᴰѫ㾱Ⲵ䭉㿹ǄᖸཊӪ㿹 ᗇ⭥㝁ᆖ ѫ㾱

ᛵⲴ ᆖ、ᱟԦᖸ䳮ⲴһᛵǄ䙊 ᑨᶕ䈤ˈ䇑㇇⨶䇪

ᱟᔴ⭥㝁ˈަᇎ н❦Ǆਟԕ Ⲵ㝁⭥䐏ᆖ㝁⭥ˈᝏᝏ∄њаᢃṧ

ǃ㇇⌅઼ᝏᦞ㔃ᶴˈ䘈 ᴹ〻ᔿ䈝䀰⨶䇪ㅹㅹ䜭ᱟ⭥㝁

䘉‫ޣ‬㌫ оᝏⲴ䮌䘌ᵋ䐏ᝏཙ‫ޣ‬㌫ᱟаṧⲴǄ⭥㝁ᆖᇦ

ᆖ Ⲵ䟽⛩Ǆᝏྭⴞ、Ӌ䘉❦㲭‫ۿ‬䜭䐏⭥㝁ᴹ‫ޣ‬㌫

ਚᱟ⭘⭥㝁ᶕփ⧠⭥㝁ᆖ ⲴᡀᛵǄ⭡Ҿ⭥ ᑨᑨᇦᆖ㝁

ˈਟᱟ ⭥㝁ਚᱟањ⭘ᶕփ⧠ᡀᛵⲴᐕަǄަԆ ᆹ

֯⭘⭥㝁ˈԆԜᴤѪ⟏ᚹ⭥㝁ᝏ઼⭥㝁Ⲵ㔃ᶴˈնᱟ⭥㝁нᱟ⭥

㝁⭥ǃ㜭ᛵᐕӪᝏव䘈ⴞ、ᆖ㝁⭥Ⲵᝏ‫ ઼ޘ‬ᇶ⸱ᆖǃ䖟

㝁ᆖ Ⲵѫ

Ԧᐕ〻ˈԕ৺ӪᵪӔӂǄ䘉

઼〻ᐕ㝁⭥ᱟ⛩䟽Ⲵ↓ⵏǄ ᇩᛵ㾱ؑᛵᢰ

Ӌ、ⴞᑨᑨ䴰㾱⭘ᛵ⭥㝁Ǆ Ⲵ䈤ᛵᡁᱟቡӋ䘉‫ޣ‬Ҿ⭥㝁ᆖ ⲴаӋ 俆 Ǆ䇶

ᵟǄ 䛓⭥㝁ᆖ वᝏଚӋ、ⴞᛵ˛ᛵ⭥㝁ᆖ ѝਖањ䟽㾱 Ⲵ⧠ᇎቡᱟྭᡁѻᛵᡰ䈤ˈ ˈⴞ、ⲴԆަњཊҶਸᝏᝏᆖ㝁⭥ֻྭ䇔 ⸕

䇔䈟䭉‫ݸ‬䴰㾱‫Ⲵ⌘ޣ‬䟽㾱䰞仈ቡᱟ ⭥㝁ᆖ Ⲵᛵ 〠ˈ⢩ᛵᱟ⭥㝁ᆖ Ⲵᛵ〠ѪӰ ѸՊ䈟ሬӪԜሩ⭥㝁 ᆖ Ⲵ⨶䀓Ǆਖањ٬ ᗇ‫Ⲵ⌘ޣ‬䰞仈ቡᱟ⭥㝁 The University of Iowa

ᝏे オ䰤

ᆖ वਜ਼ҶଚӋ䜘ᛵǄ 䀓䟺алǄᡁᐼᵋ䘉ㇷᝏㄐ㜭 ᛵа ᇊ〻ᓖ кᨀ儈䈫㘵ሩ⭥㝁ᆖ Ⲵ䇔䇶Ǆ

ᛵѪѝഭᴰᴹᛵⲴྭᙗᝏᆖᇦ ѻаˈ ᕐ⡡⧢ਟ䉃 ᇦ ௫ᡧᛵ 1ǄᛵⴞᛵѪ→ˈ㲭 ❦ሩᕐ⡡⧢Ⲵ⹄ウ䍴ᝏ 䶎ᑨཊˈնᱟᖸቁ ᴹӪ⹄ウ

⭏䇽㺘

ྭྭօⴻᖵѝഭⲴ⭧ᙗǄഐ↔ˈ 䘉ㇷᛵᝏⲴⴞⲴᱟ㾱᧒䇘

1. ᛵᝏѻѝǏyì liào zhī zhōngǐas was expected

ᕐ⡡⧢ᱟྭօ᧿ ߉ѝഭⲴ⭧ᙗⲴˈԕ৺ྭሩ⭧ᙗⲴⴻ⌅ྭ

2. 䟺⯁䀓ᝏǏshì yí jiě huòǐto clear up doubts and confusions

օփ⧠ҶᖃᝏᝏѝഭᛵՊⲴ䰞仈 Ǆ⭡Ҿ䘉սᝏྭᙗᛵᇦᛵ૱ 㑱ཊˈഐ↔ᡁਚ㜭䙊䗷ᛵ ᷀ ᝏྭⲴаㇷሿ䈤

3. બᛵǏhū yùǐappeal; call on

䜭Ӫ⭧њᛵ‫؍‬ᝏᝏ᱗Ⲵ‫ޣ‬㌫ Ǆնᱟˈሩᥟ ‫؍‬ᶕ䈤ˈ䰞仈 Ⲵ‫ޣ‬䭞 ᛵҾྭᐢ㓿㔃

Ҷˈ ᥟᱟཛиⲴྭф㘼‫ྭⲴ؍‬ᴻ৻Ǆ㲭❦ᥟᝏ‫؍‬

аⴤሩ䘉Ԧһᛵ䶎ᑨൠ䉘ᛵˈնᱟᴰ㓸Ԇ 䘈ᱟ᧗ᛵнҶ 㠚ᐡ⭧ӪⲴᵜᙗˈ㻛㭺ᡰ ᕅ䈡Ǆ ᥟӾ‫؍‬о 㭺Ⲵ‫ޣ‬㌫ ᶕⴻˈᕐ⡡⧢ㅄ 䘉Ӌ䰞仈ᱟᖸ䳮Ⲵˈᡰԕᡁਚ㜭㋇⮕

4ൠ

4. ㋇⮕Ǐcū lüèǐsketchy

ᶕഎ ㆄ к䘠䰞仈——ǉ㓒⧛ ⪠оⲭ⧛⪠ǊǄᡁѻᡰԕ䘹ᝏ䘉ㇷሿ䈤ˈᝏ ᱟഐѪ ᆳ нӵᱟᕐ⡡⧢Ⲵԓ㺘ᛵˈ㘼фሿ 䈤䟼 ⭧ᙗӪ⢙Ⲵᖒ䊑ᛵྭⲴ ㅄ л・փ㘼Ѡ

ᕐ⡡⧢ྭօⴻᖵѝഭⲴ⭧ᙗ 儈ᛵ⭏˄Andrew Kauffman˅ ঠ ㅜᆹ㓣བྷ ᆖᐳ励ᝏ亯ᛵṑѝᝏӄᒤ㓗 ˄Indiana University Bloomington˅

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

┑Ǆ ❦ᱟ㻵ⲴǄᛵ䘉ㇷሿ䈤䟼ˈ 㭺ԓ㺘Ҷᝏ ྭᙗˈᦒ䀰ѻˈྭⲴᙗṬᝏᛵⳞ

3 ৸ԫᙗǄ

↔ཆˈྭ䶎ᑨ䖫⦷ൠ䐏⭧ᙗӔ⍱ˈ⭊㠣䐏

ᝏे オ䰤

ᛵᕐ⡡⧢Ⲵ ㅄ лˈǉ 㓒 ⧛⪠оⲭ⧛⪠Ǌ ᥟⲴ 䟼

ᝏᔳԆᛵભᗇᛵⲴ

䙨

ᆹ

‫؍‬ᱟањ⭏ࣘⲴӪ⢙ˈᕐ⡡⧢ሩԆ ᧿Ⲵ߉ᛵᖃ㓶㠤ˈቔަᱟԆⲴ㕪

ᡁˈ↔ഐǄսൠ઼⍫⭏‫؍‬ᝏᙟ᠖

⛩Ǆ䙊䗷 ᥟ‫؍‬䘉њӪ⢙ˈ䈫㘵нӵ㜭䘋а↕Ҷ䀓

㘳ᛵԆˈ ⿱ 㠚৸‫ˈى‬

ᛵ ᕐ⡡⧢ྭօⴻᖵѝഭ⭧ᙗˈ㘼фਟԕⴻᛵ ѝഭᝏ ेѝаӋॱᝏᛵ

ᥟᗇ㿹

ᝏⲴ 仈䰞њ䘉ᛵ⡡㲁

ᆼ‫⋑ޘ‬ᴹ㘳㲁

㭺

Ǆഐ↔ˈᖃ 㭺ᛵ䇹ᥟ ‫ྭ؍‬ᐢ㓿ᢺаᛵ䜭ᛵ䇹

㤋2 ᛵ Ⲵḷ߶ሩ⭧ᙗ ᥟ䗷䙊ҏ⧢⡡ᕐˈཆਖǄ䘛ᛵⲴኅ਼‫؍‬䘉 њӪ⢙ᶕᢩ䇴“䀓㜭㛢ᝏ઼ेᝏ㾯ߣѝ ഭᡰᴹⲴ䰞仈”䘉а㿲 ⛩Ǆл䶒ᡁሶ䙊䗷 ᥟሩ‫؍‬䘉њӪ⢙Ⲵ䈖㓶ᛵ ᷀ ᶕ䈤ᝏᕐ⡡⧢ ሩѝഭ⭧ᙗⲴ 䇴䇪 Ǆ ᕐ⡡⧢Ⲵǉ 㓒 ⧛⪠оⲭ⧛⪠Ǌ਼ 㺘 Ҿ

ྭиཛⲴᝏᝏ‫ˈى‬ᥟ ‫・؍‬ᛵ㔍ᛵൠᝏᝏᔳҶྭǄ ᥟᛵ‫ ਼؍‬ᶕⲴ⭏⍫ѝˈᴰѪ䟽㾱Ⲵྭ ᙗᱟԆⲴᛵᆀᆏ✏呲 ǄӾሿ䈤ᔰㇷ䎧ˈᝏᝏ ᥟˈ߶ḷⲴՊᛵᝏᝏᖃ➗‫؍‬ᛵᛵњᝏᝏ䶒ቡаᝏⴤᱟњ⁑㤳

1944 ᒤǄоᕐ⡡⧢ⲴަԆᛵ૱н਼ˈ䘉ㇷሿ䈤䟼Ⲵѫ㾱

Ӫ⢙Ǆ䲔Ҷ“↓䙄ᛵ䓛”ѻཆˈ ᛵሩᖵ㠚ᐡӢӪ઼ᴻ৻

Ӫ⢙ᒦнᱟањྭᙗˈ

䘉ᝏᝏ䶒ˈԆҏ㻛㿶 Ѫަ㤳Ǆ↔ཆˈԆⲴᛵᆀ ҏ┑䏣

㘼

ᥟ˖ᙗ⭧њаᱟ‫؍‬Ǆᛵᥟ‫⭏Ⲵ؍‬⍫ѝˈᴹ

єњ 䶎ᑨ䟽㾱

ҶᛵՊሩ ҾྭᙗⲴ㾱≲Ǆྭнӵᶕ㠚ᛵⲭⲴ ᇦᓝˈ

Ⲵྭᙗ˖ 㭺о ᆏ✏呲 Ǆᛵ Ԇ䇔䇶㭺ѻ਼ ˈ䈫㘵

㘼фਇ䗷儈ㅹᝏ㛢Ǆн䗷ˈ㲭❦Ӿ㺘䶒кᝏᥟᶕ

ਟԕᖸᝏᱮൠⴻᛵ ᥟ䇙‫؍‬㠚㿹傴ؑⲴ⭧ᙗ᧗ᛵᛵо㠚ᛵ

䎧ⴻ‫ Ⲵ؍‬ᇦᓝоһъ䜭ᛵᖃ⨶ᛵˈնᝏᱟᇎ䱵

ᥟⲴл‫ Ⲵ؍‬㕪⛩ਈᗇቔѪᝏᱮǄ 㲭 ❦ԆԜ

кԆࣚᛵᛵ䙐Ⲵ⭏⍫ᆈᛵ⵰аӋѕ 䟽Ⲵ䰞仈 Ǆ

ᛵㄏ

ᥟˈ⡡ᛵᗳⵏ‫ ઼؍‬㭺 ҏ 䜭ᛵ䇔 ԆԜӾᶕ

⋑ᴹ㓿শ䗷䘉

ṧ✝⛸Ⲵ⡡ᛵˈնᱟ⭡Ҿ

∅ཛиⲴ

ᥟᱟㄏ

㭺

‫Ⲵ؍‬ᴻ৻ˈഐ↔ᥟ‫؍‬㠚 ᐡҏ䇔Ѫ㠚ᐡ⣟Ҷ㖚˖㛼ᛵҶ㠚 ᐡⲴྭᴻ ᥟ∄㭺 ˈлѻ∄ᛵǄ৻‫ ࣷ؍‬ᝏфඊ ᇊᗇ ཊǄѪҶ䘭 ≲⡡ᛵˈ ᥟоˈ

㭺ᗳ⭈ᛵᝏ ᛵཛиⲴྭ‫؍‬ᔰᛵᝏⲴ⭏⍫ˈ❦

ൠ䐏

ᥟ㘼‫؍‬তн 㜭䖫

о 㭺ᛵ∄ˈᆏ✏呲 ԓ㺘Ҷ∄䖳Ր㔏 ⲴྭᙗǄቭ㇑ྭਇ䗷ᝏ㛢ˈնᱟྭⲴᙍᛵ ᆼ Ѫ㹼 ઼‫ޘ‬ㅖ ਸՐ㔏Ⲵ㿴⸙Ǆ䆜ྭˈྭ䐏 ᥟ‫؍‬䈸 ᙻ⡡Ⲵᝏᝏ‫“ྭˈى‬ᖸቁ䈤䈍ˈ䘎ཤ 䜭ᖸቁᣜ䎧ᶕˈ䎠䐟ᙫᱟ䎠 ᛵ䶐਼ ”Ǆ㲭 ❦ᆏ✏呲┑䏣ҶᛵՊሩҾྭᙗⲴ 㾱≲ˈն ᥟᱟ‫؍‬ሩྭ䶎ᑨн┑ᛵǄᥟ‫؍‬ᢺ 㭺઼✏ᝏ ᝏⲴ∄ᛵ呲‫ˈى‬Ԇнᗇнᛵ䇔㭺∄✏呲 ᴤ㜌аㆩ

The University of Iowa

ᝏे オ䰤

6ᥟӾǄ‫Ⲵ؍‬䀂ᓖᶕⴻˈ

㭺ᝏᛵⳞ৸ᝏᝏ⎚ˈᝏᙗᝏ৸㖾㢣ǄԆ䇔

Ѫ✏呲 нӵᒬおˈ㘼фཚѿણҶˈ㕪ѿᙗᝏǄᙫ 㘼䀰 ѻˈ✏呲∄нк 㭺ˈሬ㠤ҶԆᴰ㓸 ҏн⡡ྭǄ⭡↔ਟ㿱 ˈѪҶ ㅖ ਸᛵՊⲴḷ ᥟˈ߶‫؍‬⢪⢢Ҷ㠚ᐡⲴᒨᛵˈҏ ㌏䑻

ᡁ䇔 Ѫ 䈫㘵㜭䙊䗷 ǉ 㓒 ⧛⪠оⲭ⧛⪠Ǌ

Ҷ ᆏ ᥟˈ䟼䘉ᛵǄ⍫⭏Ⲵ 呲✏‫؍‬৸а⅑ᘭ㿶Ҷ 䝽

ⴻᛵᕐ⡡⧢ሩѝॾ≁ഭⲴ⭧ᙗⲴᶱᓖн┑Ǆᝏަᇎˈᛵ䘉ㇷ

‫Ⲵڦ‬ᛵ⳺Ǆ

ሿ䈤䟼ˈањަ㤳Ⲵ⭧Ӫ䜭 ᥟ❦㲭Ǆᴹ⋑‫؍‬ਇᛵҶ㾯ᝏᝏ

ᡁ䇔Ѫᕐ⡡⧢䙊䗷ǉ㓒⧛⪠оⲭ⧛⪠Ǌ ᥟⲴ䟼‫؍‬䘉 њӪ⢙ˈケᛵփ⧠Ҷਇᛵѝഭᝏ઼㾯ᝏᝏєᛵᝏ

ेⲴᖡᛵˈ նᱟԆᛵᕐ⡡⧢Ⲵ ㅄ лਇᛵҶ⢰ᛵ 9 Ⲵᢩ ᥟˈ 䟼䈤ሿᛵǄᝏ ᛵ‫؍‬нӵሩѝഭᖃᝏᝏⲴྭ 䀓ᛵф㘼ˈᛵᖡⲴᶱ

ेᖡᛵⲴ⭧ᙗᛵഋॱᒤԓⲴ ᥟ䶒ᝏᝏњᛵᛵ❦㲭Ǆ 仈䰞ⲴѤ 䶒ᡰഭѝᝏ‫؍‬䜭ᱟањ⁑㤳——ᶕ㠚ᛵⲭⲴ ᇦǃਇᛵ㾯 Ⲵઈ㙼㓗儈ԭаᴹ৺ԕ㛢ᝏⲴᝏ‫ۿ‬ṧᐕᛵ ——նᱟᇎ䱵

〟ᴹ⋑ᙗߣѝॾ≁ഭ Ⲵഭ ᇦ䰞仈 кˈԆҏᱟᝏ㜭Ѫ10 ᛵ ⲴǄ ᡁ䇔Ѫ䘉ᖸᝏᱮൠ䈤ᝏҶᖃᝏᝏⲴѝഭ ᆈᛵ ⵰⭧ᙗ㕪 ѿ⭧ᆀ≄ᾲⲴ䰞仈ˈ㘼ф䘉ҏᛵ

кԆⲴ⭏⍫ᒦнᱟᆼ㖾ⲴǄ Ӿሿ䈤Ⲵ 儈ᛵѝˈ䈫㘵

᱐Ҷᕐ⡡⧢ሩѝഭᵚᶕⲴ␡␡ⲴཡᵋǄ

ਟԕᖸᝏᱮൠᝏ㿹 ᥟᛵ‫؍‬нӵሩ㠚ᐡⲴ⭏⍫н┑ᛵˈ㘼фԆ 㿹ᗇ㠚ᐡᱟањཡ䍕㘵ǄԆ਼⧠ҶԆᛵᆀ ᝏ Ⲵᛵཆ

Ⲵ‫ˈى‬

䭉ᝏ7 㘼ငቸǄԆ㿹ᗇ 㠚ᐡᛵભ“ᛵ䙐”Ⲵц⭼ᒦнᱟ

৲㘳Җⴞ 1. Louie, Kam. “Romancing Returnee Men: Masculinity in ‘Love in a Fallen City’ and

㓟⌱о ᆼ㖾 Ⲵˈ㘼ᱟ⊑〭

“Red Rose, White Rose. ’” Romancing 8 оๅ㩭ⲴˈԆ“㿹ᗇԆⲭ

㌏䑻Ҷ㠚

ᐡ”Ǆṩᦞ Kam Louie Ⲵ⹄ウˈ ᥟᢺ⧢⡡ᕐ‫؍‬䘉 њӪ⢙᧿߉ᗇ䶎ᑨ⭏ࣘˈ ቔަᱟԆⲴ㕪⛩ˈѪⲴᱟ䈤ᝏਇᛵ㾯ᝏᝏ

Languages, Cultures and Genres. Ed. Kam Louie. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2012. 2. Yang Ze. Yue du Zhang Ai ling. Guang xi:

䀓㜭нᙗ⭧ഭѝⲴ㛢ߣѝഭᛵՊᡰᴹⲴ䰞

Guang xi shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2003. 3.

仈Ǆ

Zhang, Ailing. Hong mei gui yu Bai mei gui. Beijing: Beijing chu ban she ji tuan, 2009.

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᝏे オ䰤

4. Zhang, Eileen. Red Rose, White Rose. Trans. Karen Kingsbury. New York: New York

ঠ ㅜᆹ㓣བྷ ᆖᐳ励ᝏ亯ᛵṑѝᝏӄᒤ㓗 ˄Indiana University Bloomington˅

Review of Books, 2007.

⭏䇽㺘 1. ᇦ ௫ᡧᛵǏjiā yù hù xiǎoǐwidely known 2. 㤋ᛵǏkē kèǐharsh 3. ᛵⳞǏqiào píǐwitty 4. ᗳ⭈ᛵᝏǏxīn gān qíng yuànǐwillingly 5. ᙟ᠖Ǐqiè nuòǐtimid and overcautious 6. ᴤ㜌аㆩǏgèng shèng yī chóuǐbetter 7. 䭉ᝏǏcuò èǐstartled; astonished 8. ⊑〭Ǐwū huìǐfilthy; foul 9. ⢰ᛵǏxī lìǐsharp; incisive; trenchant

ⲴԜᡁ˖ਧҼᴸй֯ભ

བྷ≹ⲷᑍ䲋л䍻Ҹ

ҶᡁԜа 亩ᖸᛵ Ⲵᛵ֯ભ˖ᡁԜ㾱䎺䗷㾯ฏড䲙 Ⲵ⋉═ˈ 䎺䗷सྭঐ 亶 Ⲵ⮶ฏˈራᛵབྷᴸ∿Ⲵഭ⦻ˈ Ǆⴏ 㚄ᡀ㔃ഭᡁоԆ≲ᚣ‫و‬㤕ᡁԜᡀᛵⲴ 䈍

10. ᝏ㜭ѪᛵǏwú néng wéi lìǐpowerless;

ˈՏབྷⲴབྷ≹ᑍഭሶՊᢃ䍕ᡁԜⲴᝏӪ ——

can do nothing about it

सྭᑍഭǄⴻᛵसྭᑍഭⲴ⬖䀓 3ˈ 䈱нՊѪѻ⅒⅓ 啃㡎

4 ᛵ˛

᱘ཙᝏкᡁԜቡᛵ਼Ҷˈᐢⴻн㿱䮯 ᆹ䛓㜭ཏហ㯹 ᕐ僎 Ⲵᝏ䇠 ໘ᓧ˄Michael O’Connor˅

5 ᡁᗳ⚥ⲴᛵຳǄᡁᛵ䇑䘉

亩֯ભሶ䴰㾱䇨ཊᒤᛵ㜭

ᆼ ᡀˈ㘼ф䈤нᝏᇊ ᡁԜᝏ⌅㧧 ᗇᡀᛵǄնᡁнՊᣡᙘˈਚ

The University of Iowa

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Պབྷ㛶ൠ਼ᛵ䎠ˈѪҶᡁⲴⲷᑍᡁᝏᛵ⢪

њᵪՊˈ䐏⭈⡦䘳䎠ˈ਼㾯ྭ 傠ˈ㔗㔝ᡁ

⢢аᛵǄ

ⲴԫᛵǄᡁⲴⲷᑍˈᛵᝏᝏᔳᡁʽ

ӄᴸॱӄਧ˖⭈⡦ ᡁⶑн⵰ҶǄᡁԜⲴसྭ㘫䈁ˈ⭈⡦ˈ 䙊ᇥᛵᢃ 啮 6Ǆ䘉њ䟾㴞Ӫ㲭❦ᖸԔӪঃ ✖ˈਟᱟᡁᒦн਼ ᛄᴹԆᶕ䲚ᡁԜǄԆަ ᇎᖸᘐ䈊 ˈᡁԜ⋑ᴹԆቡᝏ ⌅ク䗷䘉њ䈕 Ǆ═⋉Ⲵ↫‫ٷ‬ᛵ䙄亪ᛵⲴ䈍 ֯ ˈᡁԜᛵ䗮 བྷᴸ∿Ⲵ 亶ᛵѻᛵᓄ䈕нՊ䙷ᛵԫօӪǄ ӄᴸॱгਧ˖ഗ 㻛ԜᡁʽྭसⲴ↫䈕؈㱿

7 Ҷʽ䘉Ӌ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

˄ӄᒤѻ਼ ˅ҍᴸҼॱӄਧ˖ ᡁཚ⢋Ҷ सྭⲴঅҾ↫਼ ˈᡁԜ҈ԆԜᑍഭᛵ ҡѻ䱵䘳 ᛵᶕҶǄ⭈⡦䘈ᛵᡁ䓛䗩ˈԆ⋑ᝏ઼ ᆀᛵᡁǄᡁᛵ㛼 ᴹ‫ݯ‬ᆀ ҏа䎧䘳ᛵᶕҶǄ ⧠ᛵᡁоྭᖸӢ ᇶˈн䗷ྭ 䘈⋑᧕ਇᡁ䈅 മ㔉ྭⲴᝏ㛢Ǆ ᡁⲴⲷᑍˈᗞ㠓㓸Ҿਟԕ㔗㔝䲋л䍻 ⲴᡁҸ֯ભҶʽ

ᝏे オ䰤

䟾㴞Ӫ৸с৸㠝ʽ

˄ӄᒤѻ਼ ˅ӄᴸॱਧ˖

ྭᙚǄ㓒㢢Ⲵཤ਼ˈ㔯㢢Ⲵᛵⶋˈ啫ᆀ儈儈 Ⲵˈ∋㥨㥨

ᛵसྭⲴ⭏⍫

Ⲵ——ᗇ䮯ԜԆ‫⥤ۿ‬ᆀ լⲴˈ ⵏсǄн䗷ᡁнᗇнᝏ䉒

Ӻᝏᡁᛵ䇶ᛵᡁ䐏䘉Ӌๅ㩭Ⲵ䟾㴞Ӫ ᐢ㓿 տҶӄᒤҶǄԆԜᝏ❦㔉Ҷᡁањᛵ ᆀˈቡнᓄ䈕ᛵᶕ 僊

ԆԜሩᡁⲴ⇧औ 9 ⅮᖵǄ

ᢠᡁǄसྭⲴྭӪн ↓㓿ˈҏнੜ䈍Ǆഐ↔ᡁᝏ㔍ҶঅҾ䎀

䇙ᡁ䚇ᛵⲴᱟˈ㲭❦ԆԜഭ⦻Ⲵ⡦Ӣ 㻛

㔉 ᡁⲴᛵᆀ Ǆᡁᛵᛵ˖оަၦԆԜ䘉Ӌᝏᝏ㚶 ⲴྭӪˈнྭၦབྷ≹ᵍ सྭᵰ ᇣ ҶˈਟᱟԆԜᒦнᛵ㾱ᣕ༽ˈ ԕᡰߣᇊ н䐏ᡁഭ 㚄ਸཀྵᛵसྭǄᛵ਼ˈ ሩҾ䘉Ӌ䟾㴞ӪˈᡁԜ䘈

㓟㢟ⲴྭӪʽնᱟᝏ਼ ᶕ……਼ ᶕᡁᝏ⌅㠚ᝏᝏ8ˈ㻛मᕅҶǄ ᡁၦҶањसྭӪˈၦҶᡁഭⲴᝏӪʽ㇇ њаҶ⭏㓿ᐢྭˈᛵҶ‫ݯ‬ᆀ Ǆ ᡁ

ᴹӰѸᛵ⌅ᛵ˛ նᱟᡁԜ䘈⋑ᴹᖫᓅཡᵋ˖ԆԜ㿹ᗇ

ᡁഭⲴэ㔨ॱᛵ㋮㠤ˈަᇎ ᡁԜⲴ䇨ཊӗ ⲴԜԆ䎧ᕅՊ 䘈㜭ᗽਇǄᡁ㾱⍫л৫Ǆྭᛵᴹа Պᡁ䛓ǃ䛓ˈ䈍Ⲵᝏ䆖ᶮᝏᝏᆸⴻཙؑ⵰䛓

˄єᒤѻ਼ ˅ҍᴸҼॱӄਧ˖ …… ྭस㻛৸Ԝᡁʽ㌅㌏؈㧧 10 Ҷʽ

䜭૱‫⌘ޣ‬Ǆ䘉ᱮ❦ᱟањᡁ Ԝн㜭䭉䗷Ⲵ䍨ᝏᵪՊǄ

⭏䇽㺘 1. ֯ભǏshǐ mìngǐmission 2. 䍻ҸǏfù yǔǐbestow on 3. ⬖䀓Ǐwǎ jiěǐcollapse 4. ⅒⅓啃㡎Ǐhuān xīn gǔ wǔǐexhilarate 5. ហ㯹Ǐwèi jièǐsolaceful 6. ᢃ 啮 Ǐdǎ hānǐsnore 7. ؈㱿Ǐfú lǔǐcaptive 8. 㠚ᝏᝏǏzì chíǐcontrol oneself 9. ⇧औǏyīn qínǐsolicitous The University of Iowa

ᝏे オ䰤

10. ؈㧧Ǐfú huòǐcapture

guó de péng you Wǒ zǒng shì gēn zhè xiē péng you

ഭⲴᴻ

৻Ǆᡁ ᙫ ᱟ 䐏䘉 Ӌ ᴻ ৻ zài

kè táng shàng xué

tiānr

xí huò liáo

Yīn wèi

ᛵ 䈮 า к ᆖ Ґ ᡆ 㙺 ཙ‫ݯ‬Ǆഐ Ѫ tā

men bù dǒng Hàn yǔ

suǒ yǐ

wǒ gēn tā men

Ԇ Ԝ н ៲ ≹ 䈝ˈᡰ ԕ ᡁ 䐏 Ԇ Ԝ shuō Yīng yǔ

Wǒ jīng cháng yí

zuò wán zuò yè

䈤㤡䈝Ǆᡁ 㓿 ᑨ а ‫ ڊ‬ᆼ ᛵ ъˈ jiù

ᡁ ᱟ ѝ ഭ Ӫ 䘈 ᱟ 㖾 ഭ Ӫ˛ ᵾ ᛵ ᝏ˄

ⴈǄᡁ Ԝ 䜭 ᖸ ௌ liàn shēn

˄The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill˅ Lǐ Kǎi wén

nǐ jué

ᛵ Ӫ ᙫ 䰞 ᡁ˖Āᵾ ᛵ ᝏˈᛵ 㿹 rén

Wǒ ᗇ

shì Zhōng guó rén hái shì Měi guó

ᛵ ᱟ ѝ ഭ Ӫ 䘈 ᱟ 㖾 ഭ Ӫ˛āᡁ

yì zhí dōu bù zhī dào yīng gāi zěn me huí dá zhè

аⴤ䜭н⸕䚃ᓄ䈕ᘾѸഎㆄ䘉 ge wèn t í

њ 䰞仈Ǆ Wǒ shì zài Měi guó chū shēng hé

zhǎng dà de

ᡁ ᱟ ᛵ 㖾 ഭ ᛵ ⭏ ઼ 䮯 བྷ ⲴǄ Wǒ cóng xiǎo jiù kāi shǐ xué xí Měi guó de wén huà

ᡁӾ

ሿ ቡ ᔰ ᛵ ᆖ Ґ 㖾 ഭ Ⲵ ᝏे hé

lì

shǐ

zài dà xué

lǐ

yě jiāo le hěn duō Měi

઼ শ ਢˈᛵ བྷ ᆖ 䟼 ҏ Ӕ Ҷ ᖸ ཊ 㖾 ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

tǐ

㘵⧙伎

⅒䭫

duàn liàn jié shù le

⛬ 䓛 փˈ䭫 ⛬ 㔃 ᶏ Ҷˈᡁ Ԝ ቡ а

ेᛵ㖇㧡㓣བྷ ᆖᝏาኡᛵṑ CHIN 111

nǐ

gǎn lǎn qiú

huò zhě wán fēi pán Wǒ men dōu hěn xǐ huan duàn ᡆ

Kevin Li˅

Bié rén zǒng wèn wǒ

lán qiú

ቡ 䐏䘉 Ӌ ᴻ ৻ ᢃ ㈞ ⨳ǃ⁴ ᾴ ⨳ˈ

:Ɣ shì Zhōng guó rén hái shì Měi guó rén

gēn zhè xiē péng you dǎ

wǒ men jiù

yì

㚊❖ѝ㖾

q ǐ gāo gāo xìng xìng d e dà chī t è chī

Wǒmen

䎧儈儈 ‫ ޤ ޤ‬ൠ བྷ ਲ਼ ⢩ ਲ਼Ǆ Ԝ ᡁ cháng cháng qù fàn diàn chī wǒ zuì xǐ huan de Měi guó cān

৫依ᓇਲ਼ᡁᴰௌ bǎo hé shǔ tiáo

ᑨᑨ hàn

⅒ Ⲵ 㖾 ഭ 佀 —— ≹

Wà Wǒ yǒng

๑ ઼ 㯟 ᶑ Ǆᛵʽ ᡁ

yuǎn bú huì wàng

jì

≨

Měi guó dà xué de shēng huó

䘌 н Պ ᘈ 䇠㖾 ഭ བྷ ᆖ Ⲵ ⭏ ⍫Ǆ

de Zhōng guó cài

Suī rán wǒ hé wǒ mèi mei dōu shì zài běi kǎ 㲭

❦ᡁ

઼ᡁᛵᛵ䜭ᱟᛵेᛵ chū shēng de

kě shì wǒ de fù

mǔ sān shí nián

wǒ tè bié xǐ huan

Zài jiā shí

dào Měi guó

Zhè jiù shì tā

wèi shén me wǒ xiān huì shuō

Ԇ ᛵ ᛵ ᛵ ṧ Ⲵ 㨌Ǆᡁ 䶎 ᑨ ௌ

huà shì Zhōng wén

ér bú shì Yīng yǔ Zài dà xué lǐ wǒ de Zhōng 㘼

нᱟ㤡䈝

Ǆᛵ བྷ ᆖ 䟼ˈᡁ Ⲵ ѝ

yì

qǐ

dōu huì qù pīng pāng jù lè bù gēn Zhōng guó tóng

fēi

wánr

ᑨௌ

⅒ ྭ ྭ ‫ Ⲵ ڊ‬ѝ ഭ 㨌ˈᡁ wú lùn rú hé dōu bù néng wú shì wǒ de Zhōng ᝏ䇪

䜭Պ৫

xǐ

⅒ ઼ ѝ ഭ ᴻ ৻ а 䎧 ⧙‫ˈݯ‬䶎

ᴻ৻ҏ

н ቁǄ⇿ њ ᝏᵏ ӄˈᡁ

ྭօ䜭

н 㜭 ᝏ㿶 1ᡁ Ⲵ ѝ guó bèi jǐng

҂ ‫ء‬Ҁ䜘䐏ѝഭ਼

ഭ 㛼 ᛵǄ

xué men dǎ pīng pāng qiú Wǒ yǐ qián yǐ wéi wǒ ᆖ

Ԝᢃ҂

⨳Ǆᡁ ԕ ᛵ ԕ Ѫ ᡁ

N ǐ kàn wǒ de pí f ū shì huáng s è de

ᛵ ⴻ ˈ ᡁ Ⲵ Ⳟ 㛔 ᱟ 哴㢢 Ⲵˈ

dǎ de hěn hǎo kě shì hòu lái fā xiàn tā men bǐ ᢃ

ᗇ ᖸ ྭˈਟ ᱟ

yǎn jing shì hēi hēi

dāng rán shì Zhōng guó rén

ᛵ ⶋ ᱟ 唁唁 Ⲵˈᖃ ❦ ᱟ ѝ ഭ Ӫ

਼ ᶕ਼⧠ԆԜ∄ Wǒ yí

dìng yào duō liàn xí

ᡁ ᢃ ᗇ ᴤ ྭǄᡁ а ᇊ 㾱 ཊ 㓳 ҐǄ Cóng xiǎo wǒ

Wǒ fēi cháng

cài

cháng xǐ huan mā ma zuò de Zhōng guó cài wǒ

guó péng you yě bù shǎo Měi ge xīng qī wǔ wǒ ഭ

de gèng hǎo

gè zhǒng gè yàng de

huan hé Zhōng guó péng you

Ѫ Ӱ Ѹ ᡁ ‫ ݸ‬Պ 䈤 Ⲵ 䈍 ᱟ ѝ ᝏˈ

wǒ dǎ

⅒ਲ਼㾯㓒

shì chǎo j ī dàn jiǎo z i hái yǒu qí

ᛵ ᛵ Ӿ ѝ ഭ ᶕ ᛵ 㖾 ഭǄ䘉 ቡ ᱟ de

chī x ī hóng

Ⲵ ѝ ഭ 㨌Ǆᛵ ᇦ ᝏˈᡁ ⢩ ᛵ ௌ

ḯ ⛂ 呑㳻 ǃ侪 ᆀˈ䘈 ᴹ ަ

ᛵ ⭏ Ⲵˈਟ ᱟ ᡁ Ⲵ ⡦ ⇽ й ॱ ᒤ qián cái cóng Zhōng guó lái

ӾሿᡁⲴྭྭቡ㔉ᡁ‫ڊ‬ᖸྭਲ਼

de mā ma

jiù

Kě shì wǒ

yě cān jiā

Měi guó rén de huó dòng

ᛵǄਟ ᱟ ᡁ ҏ ৲ ᛵ 㖾 ഭ Ӫ Ⲵ ⍫ ࣘˈ

gěi wǒ zuò hěn hǎo chī

The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

Měi guó wén huà shì wǒ wén huà de yí bù fen Rú

㖾 ഭ ᝏे

ᱟ ᡁ ᝏे Ⲵ а 䜘 ᛵǄྭ

㺕ҐǄ

guǒ xià cì bié rén wèn wǒ Lǐ Kǎi wén nǐ jué

ᛵл⅑ᛵӪ

䰞 ᡁˈ“ᵾ ᛵ ᝏ ˈᛵ 㿹 de nǐ shì Zhōng guó rén hái shì Měi guó rén Wǒ

ᗇᛵᱟ

y í dìng huì gāo xìng d e

ѝ ഭ Ӫ 䘈 ᱟ 㖾 ഭ Ӫ˛”ᡁ а ᇊ Պ 儈 ‫ ޤ‬ൠ h u í dá

wǒ jué de wǒ

എ ㆄ˖“ ᡁ 㿹 ᗇ ᡁ shì Zhōng guó rén

yě

‫⛩ޛ‬ᛵᛵк‫ޛ‬ҍ⛩ˈᝏнᱟᛵᆖ ṑк䈮ˈቡᱟᛵṑཆ

ᛵԆԜⲴа⭏ѝˈԆԜᴹєњ䟽㾱Ⲵ 㘳䈅 Ǆ ㅜ ањᱟѝ㘳Ǆྭᛵањ ᆖ⭏ᛵᛵ 儈 ѝ ᆖ ҐˈԆቡᗇ৲ᛵѝ㘳ǄྭᛵԆⲴѝ 㘳ᡀ㔙нྭˈԆቡᝏ⌅ 㘳кᖸྭⲴ 儈 ѝǄ ㅜ Ҽњᱟ儈㘳 Ǆྭᛵањ ᆖ⭏ᛵᛵབྷ ᆖᆖ ҐˈԆቡᗇ߶ྭᒦ৲ᛵ儈

shì Měi guó rén

ᱟ ѝ ഭ Ӫˈҏ ᱟ 㖾 ഭ ӪǄ”

㘳Ǆ⡦⇽䜭ᐼᵋ 㠚ᐡⲴ ᆙᆀ кྭབྷ ᆖˈഐѪ䘉 ṧᛵ㜭ᛵа ྭ㘵ᡆཚཚྭњаᛵ㠣⭊ˈᛵᐕྭњ‫⭏ݸ‬Ǆ ᡁᛵेӜ⮉ᆖ Ⲵ 䘉њབྷ ᆖˈབྷ ᆖ⭏Ⲵ ྭ䈮‫ۿ‬нཚཊˈਟᱟབྷ ᆖ ⲴമҖ 侶䟼䗩ᑨ

⭏䇽㺘

ᑨᴹᖸཊབྷ ᆖ⭏ᛵᖸࣚᛵൠ ᆖ Ґˈ⢩ᛵᱟᝏྭ⭏Ǆਖཆˈ䘉

1. ᝏ㿶Ǐwú shìǐoverlook

њབྷ ᆖ Ⲵ ᆖ⭏㓴㓷Ҷᖸཊ ‫ء‬Ҁ䜘ˈᴹ㤡䈝‫ء‬Ҁ䜘ǃ㾯 ⨝⢉䈝‫ء‬Ҁ䜘ǃ 䈝ᗧ‫ء‬Ҁ䜘ˈTAIKUAND ‫ء‬Ҁ䜘ㅹㅹ Ǆᝏ

ѝഭ ᆖ⭏Ⲵ⭏⍫ྭ‫≹ۿ‬ᆇ Ⲵ ㅄ亪䱣‫( ݹ‬Jesse Breffle) ᶘⲮ㘠-⡡䗮㦧བྷ ᆖ ѝᝏ202 ⨝ ˄Brigham Young University-Idaho˅

ᛵ৲⅒ௌ

ᖸ⭏ᆖ བྷⲴഭѝ‫ء‬Ҁ䜘Ǆᡁ઼ᡁ

ⲴཊᖸҶᛵ৲ᛵᣕҏ ᆖ ਼ഭ㖾Ⲵ‫ء‬Ҁ䜘ˈ ഐѪ䘉 ṧਟԕ઼ԆԜа䎧ᆖˈа䎧⧙Ǆ ᶕेӜԕᛵˈᡁ ᆖ Ґнཚ⭘ᛵǄᡁн ⸕䚃ᘾѸࣚᛵᆖ ҐǄᡁ⇿ཙл䈮ԕ਼ 䜭എ

ሩѝഭӪᶕ䈤ᝏ㛢䶎ᑨ䟽㾱ǄӾሿᛵ བྷѝഭӪ䜭ࣚ ᛵᆖ ҐǄሿᆖ⭏ǃᛵѝ⭏઼ᝏгкᝏӾᝏᒣ⭏ѝ 儈 ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

㚊❖ѝ㖾

䈮ᝏ䟼Ⲵѝഭ

਼ṧ䟽㾱Ǆ ᆖ⭏ՊнՊ䘀⭘ᆖᛵⲴ⸕䇶ԕ 䀓

бᕪ⭏(Johnson Ding)

ᛵ㜭৺ߣ䰞仈ˈ䜭䴰㾱ᝏሬ઼䇝㓳Ǆнᝏ䗷

⡡㦧ॾབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏйᒤ㍊

ˈቭ㇑ѝഭ઼㖾ഭⲴᝏ㛢ᝏᔿᖸн਼ˈ ᴹа⛩ᱟа㠤Ⲵˈ

˄University of Iowa˅

䛓ቡᱟᝏ䇪ᛵଚ䟼ˈᛵ 㾱ᡀᛵˈ䜭㾱䶐㠚ᐡⲴࣚᛵ ᝏ Ǆ

䙊䗷䘉њ ᆖᵏⲴ ᆖ ҐˈᡁᴤཊൠҶ䀓 Ҷ‫ޣ‬ҾѝഭⲴһˈҏ਼⧠ѝഭ઼ 㖾ഭᛵḀᝏӋᝏ 䶒ᴹᖸབྷⲴᐞᛵˈ∄ྭ䈤ᝏ㛢઼㢲ᒶ 䘉єњᝏᝏ䶒Ǆ ᝏ ˈ㠽ᇯ‫ݸ‬ᖸᘛൠ‫ڊ‬ᆼᛵъˈ❦਼ 䐏ᴻ৻㙺

‫Ⲵۿ‬Ǆ ᙫѻˈᶕҶेӜѻ਼ ˈᡁҶ䀓Ҷᝏ㛢

⧙઼ཙ‫ݯ‬ǄᡁнՊ ᆖ Ґǃᆖ Ґǃᛵᆖ Ґˈ ᡆ㘵ᱟ

ሩѝഭӪ઼ѝഭ ᇦᓝⲴ䟽㾱ᙗǄᝏ㛢ǃᐕ

༽Ґǃ༽Ґǃᛵ༽ҐǄᛵѝഭˈᖃᝏᝏᝏⲴҐ ᆖᝏ ᛵ ࣚ

ᛵǃ

⭏ᆖ ഭѝᛵⴻᡁ‫ˈى‬ᡁҏᛵᝏࣚᛵᆖ ҐǄѝഭབྷ ᆖ ⲴമҖ 侶ᖸᆹ䶉ˈᱟ ањ ᆖ ҐⲴྭൠᝏᝏǄ䘈ᴹˈᛵമҖ 侶 ˈ⮉ ᆖ⭏ᴹањᖸྭⲴᵪՊᛵᛵањ䈝䀰ՉդǄ

ሩѝഭӪᶕ䈤ᱟᛵнᔰⲴǄᡁ㿹

ྭ⍫⭏Ⲵ⭏ᆖ ഭѝᗇ‫≹ۿ‬ᆇㅄ亪ˈа ㅄ а ⭫䜭ᴹањ⢩ᛵⲴᝏᝏᔿ઼㿴ᖻǄ ѝഭⲴᝏ㛢ᝏᔿ㔉 ᆖ⭏ᑖᶕҶᖸབྷⲴ

ᛵമҖ 侶 ᡁ䇔䇶Ҷᖸཊѝഭᴻ৻ǄԆԜᑨ ᑨ䲚ᡁ㓳Ґ

ᛵᛵǄ㠚Ӿᛵѝᔰᛵˈᆖ ṑⲴ㹼ᝏᝏ઼փᛵ

䈤≹䈝ǄሩҶˈѝഭⲴ ᆖ Ґ⭘ᝏަ䜭

ਈᗇᖸѕṬǄ ᆖ⭏⣟Ҷ䭉ˈՊ㻛䆖ᛵᡆ㻛 ༴ᛵǄᛵҶ

ᖸᛵᇌ Ǆᛵ୶ᓇҠаᝏㅄᛵєඇ䫡ˈ Ҡањᵜᆀ ҏਚ

儈 ѝˈᛵњ ᆖ ṑԕ㘳䈅Ⲵᝏᝏᔿˈ ⭏ᆖ Ⲵྭ㔙ᡀ䘹

㾱йඇ䫡ǄᡁᛵेӜ 俆䜭 ᐸ㤳བྷ ᆖ ҠⲴ≹䈝

ᛵ‫ޕ‬ᆖ Ǆᛵ઼ᛵㄎ ҹ䲿⵰ ᒤ㓚Ⲵᛵ䮯ਈᗇ䎺ᶕ䎺

ҖབྷᾲᛵаⲮӄॱඇ䫡ˈ 㖾ӄॱᱟቡҏ‫ݳ‬ᐖਣǄ䘉ᛵ㖾

བྷǄ ᆖ⭏кҶ 儈 ѝᝏ਼ ˈᗇ㣡ᴤཊⲴᝏᝏ䰤ᖵᛵᆖ ṑ䟼

ഭᱟнਟᛵ

ᆖ ҐˈѪ Ⲵҏਚᱟ㜭ཏԕՈ⿰Ⲵᡀ㔙㘳кྭⲴབྷ ᆖ Ǆ ሩᆖ⭏ᶕ䈤ˈԆԜⲴ ᆖ Ґ䍏ᣵཚ䟽ҶǄнᝏն ᆖ⭏㻛䇝 The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

㓳ᡀ㘳䈅ᵪಘˈ㘼фањӪ㘳 ҏൿྭⲴ㔙ᡀ䈅

ഭᡰᴹⲴᓇᇦ ઼ᝏᓌ䜭ᱟнк⨝ⲴǄӪ Ӫ ᇦ Ⲵᐡ㠚

ߣᇊ ҶᛵӪᱟᛵ䘹ᝏ઼Ԇ ‫ڊ‬ᴻ৻ǄᛵሩⲴˈ㖾

઼ՊˈӢ᧒༴ᛵԜ‫ޡ‬ᓖ䘉аᒤ ѝᴰ⢩ᛵⲴаཙǄԆԜՊѪҶ

ഭⲴ ᆖ ṑቡᝏ ᱮൠ䖫 ᶮ䇨ཊǄᛵᆖ⭏Ⲵ ᆖ Ґ⭏⏟䟼

䘉 њ㢲ᝏӾ

ˈ⇿њӪ䜭 Պᗇᛵ〠䎎઼㛟

ˈഐ↔ 䐟к䙊ᑨ䲿༴ਟ㿱㖾ѭⲴᛵ䈎ṁ઼ᝏ4

ᇊˈн㇑ᱟഐѪཊѸሿⲴ һᛵǄ ᆖ Ґᡀ㔙нԓ

⚟Ⲵ‫ݹ‬Ǆᛵ䈎㢲ᖃཙˈԆԜՊа䎧ᛵᇦ䟼

㺘ањ ᆖ⭏Ⲵаᛵˈᝏ਼ ᆖ ѻ䰤Ⲵ৻䈺

ྭྭൠབྷਲ਼а 亯ˈа䗩ੜ 丣 Ҁˈа䗩㙺ᖬ 䘁

ҏнՊഐѪᡀ㔙ྭൿ㘼㻛 ᖡᛵǄ㖾ഭⲴ㘱ᐸᝏᝏᑨՊ

Ⲵ↔ߥǄᴰ䟽㾱ⲴᱟˈԆԜа ᇊ Պ㔉ሩᝏᝏᝏ߶ྭᛵ

㔉Ҹ ᆖ⭏啃࣡ˈ 䇔਼⇿њ ᆖ⭏Ⲵᛵ⌅Ǆሩ㖾

⢙Ǆн㇑ᛵ⢙ᱟӰѸˈሩԆԜᶕ 䈤ˈᛵ䖫ᛵᛵ䟽

ഭⲴ ᆖ⭏ᶕ䈤ˈ ᆖ ҐⲴᡀ㔙нᱟୟа䟽㾱ⲴˈњӪⲴ㜭

Ǆᖃሿᆙᝏᛵᛵ⢙ᝏᝏˈᇦ 䮯Պᛵ䇹ԆԜᱟᛵ䈎㘱Ӫ䘱

ᛵ ਖཆˈѝഭӪ઼㖾ഭӪᒶᛵ㢲ᝏⲴᝏ

Ⲵˈ䇙ᆙᆀ Ԝ ‫؍‬ᴹԆԜᛵ䘉њᒤ㓚䈕ᴹⲴ ㄕⵏ઼ỖᒫǄ

ᱟᒤᝏⲴӪഭѝǄ਼нᡰᴹҏᔿߌশᝏᒤˈ ԆԜ䗷ᝏᒤⲴᛵѹቡᱟ㾱 ઼ ᇦ Ӫᴻ৻а䎧 ത⚹ਲ਼ 依ˈԓ㺘⵰ഒശ 1ǄѝഭⲴ䮯䖸Պᝏ ᢺᛵᛵ䫡ᝏᝏᛵ㓒व䟼ˈᛵᝏᒤᛵаཙˈҏ ቡᱟ䲔ཅᝏᝏ਼ 㔉ᛵ䖸Ǆѻᡰԕ⭘ 㓒वˈᱟ

ањᴸᛵቡᔰᛵᛵᇦ 䟼ᐳ㖞 ǃ 㻵侠

㲭❦ᛵњഭ ᇦ䜭ᴹᛵ㠚Ⲵᝏᒤˈᒶᛵᝏᒤ Ⲵᝏᝏᔿҏᡆཊᡆቁᴹᡰн਼ˈնሩབྷ ᇦ ᶕ ˈ䈤‫ۿ‬ᝏᒤ䘉ṧ䟽㾱Ⲵ㢲ᝏ䜭 ᱟа ᇊ㾱઼ 㠚ᐡⲴ ᇦ Ӫᛵ䘁䐍ᛵǃᝏᝏᶮᗳᛵⲴǄ 䈮ᝏ 䟼䈤Ⲵһˈ㲭❦઼㖾ഭᴹᖸཊн

ഐѪ 㓒㢢䊑

ᖱ⵰⍫ᛵǃᛵᘛоྭ䘀Ǆᡰԕ ᛵᛵ䫡нਚᱟ䮯䖸ሩᛵ

਼ˈնᱟн਼Ⲵᝏेᛵ䙐Ҷн਼ⲴӪˈᡰ ԕᡁ㿹ᗇ䈮ᝏ 䟼

䖸ࣚᛵ䈫ҖⲴྭ࣡ˈ ҏ ᇴ ᢈ 2 ⵰䮯䖸ሩᛵ䖸Ⲵᐼᵋ˖ᐼᵋᆙᆀ

Ⲵ⇿а⛩䜭٬ᗇᡁԜྭྭ ൠ ᆖ ҐǄ

Ԝ㜭ཏᒣᆹǃ亪ᛵൠᓖ䗷ᝏⲴаᒤǄᛵ䲔 ཅ䛓ᛵˈᛵ 䖸 Ԝ 䘈 Պ 㚊ᛵа 䎧 а਼ ᆸᛵˈ ᛵᝏ⡦⇽ᔦᒤ⳺ሯ 3ˈ਼ᝏ ҏᵏᖵ⵰ᝏⲴ

䈎

㢲

аᒤ㜭ཏਹᛵ ྭᛵǄ 㘼㖾ഭⲴᝏᒤᛵᱟᛵ ˈᛵ

䈎

㢲ሩ㖾ഭӪᶕ䈤ቡ઼ѝഭӪⲴ

ߌশᝏᒤаṧⴋབྷǃаṧ 䟽㾱 Ǆᛵ䘉 аཙˈ ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

㖾

⭏䇽㺘 1. ഒശǏtuán yuánǐreunion 2. ᇴ ᢈǏjì tuōǐplace hope on 3. ᔦᒤ⳺ሯǏyán nián yì shòuǐprolong the length of life; promise longevity

㚊❖ѝ㖾

4. ᝏǏbān lánǐbright-colored ∄䖳㖾 ഭ઼ѝഭⲴ⤜⭏ᆀ ྭ㿲ᘥ

ᇦ Ӫⴻᡀ“ሿⲷᑍ”ᡆ“ሿཚ 䱣” ǄᖸཊӪ䇔Ѫˈ⭡Ҿ⡦⇽Ⲵ 䗷ᛵ⓪⡡

䜁㖾ᛵ ˄Mary Zheng˅ ਔ᷇བྷ ᆖ ѝᝏйᒤ 㓗

3ˈ⤜⭏ᆀ

ྭ㇑нտ㠚ᐡˈ㕪ѿ䘲ᓄ㜭ᛵˈ ᗳ⨶㍐䍘

ҏнྭǄн 䗷 ˈӾѝഭᶕᛵ㖾ഭ Ⲵ⮉ᆖ⭏ 䱸䱣䇔

˄Grinnell College˅

Ѫ˖“⤜⭏ᆀ ྭᝏㆆሩᛵᝏ ਼ᛵኅᴹྭ༴——⡦⇽ՊԈᛵᖸཊⲴᝏᝏ

⤜⭏ᆀ ྭ⧠䊑ᛵ㖾ഭ઼ѝഭ䜭ᆈᛵˈ 㘼ф䗷

䰤ᝏ઼㋮ᛵᛵањ ᆙᆀ䓛кˈ䘉ṧ䘉њ ᆙᆀቡ 㜭

৫єњഭ ᇦሩ⤜⭏ᆀ ྭⲴⴻ⌅ҏᐞ нཊ˖ԆԜᝏ㠚⿱ˈ৸䏻ᛵ

ਇᛵᴤྭⲴᝏ㛢 Ǆն

1Ǆն⭡Ҿ䘉ᝏᛵᒤ䘋㹼Ⲵᗳ⨶ᇎ傼ˈᖃӺ㖾ഭሩ⤜⭏ᆀ

ՊਇᛵᖡᛵǄ ᆙᆀ ਟ㜭 н៲ᗇᛵӛᡆ

ྭⲴⴻ⌅਼⭏ҶᖸབྷⲴਈेǄ ഭ઼ѝഭ⤜⭏ᆀ

㖾

ྭӗ⭏Ⲵᛵഐнаᝏ

ᐡ㠚

ᆙᆀ 䶎ᛵᛵⲴ਼ኅ

ਟ㜭 ➗亮

ԆӪⲴᝏਇǄ”ᛵѝഭˈᆙᆀ Ⲵᝏ㛢ᝏᱟཤㅹ བྷһˈնഐѪ ᇦ 䮯ᢺབྷ䟿ⲴⲴᝏᝏ䰤 ǃ

㋮ ઼ᛵ䫡䜭㣡ᛵᆙᆀ 䓛

⇽⡦⭡ᱟྭ ᆀ⭏⤜ᴹᓝᇦ ഭ㖾Ǆṧᝏ ‫ڊ‬ᛵⲴ䘹ᝏˈ 㘼

кˈᆙᆀ Ԝਇᛵ䗷 ཊⲴ➗亮ˈሬ㠤ԆԜᑨᑨн㜭㠚

ѝഭ ᇦᓝⲴ⤜⭏ᆀ ྭབྷཊᱟ ഐѪ 1979 ᒤԕᶕ ᇎ

伏ަ4 ᛵǄ

㹼Ⲵ䇑ᛵ⭏㛢ᝏᝏㆆ㘼 ӗ⭏ⲴǄ䗴Ӻ

Ѫ→ѝഭⲴ䘉

њᝏᝏㆆᐢ㓿䚯ഭѝ䇙‫ݽ‬Ҷ 400 ӯ ᆙᆀ Ⲵᛵ⭏Ǆᖸᱮ ❦ˈ䘉њᝏᝏㆆሩѝഭⲴӪਓᴹᖸབྷᖡᛵǄ նᛵ䇨ཊѝഭӪⲴᛵ 䟼

ˈӪਓнᱟୟаਇ

ᖡᛵⲴᝏᝏ䶒 ˈഐѪ 䘉 њᝏᝏㆆ 䘈ᖒᡀҶ

аᛵ

⢩↺ⲴᝏेǄ

ᛵ㖾ഭˈሶ⤜⭏ᆀ ྭⴻᡀᛵᆖ Ґ㜭ᛵǃ ᴹкн∄ 䶒ᝏᝏ䍘㍐⨶ᗳ઼୶ᛵ‫ݴ‬ᕏကᛵⲴ ᆙᆀ Ⲵⴻ⌅ᒦ䶎∛ᝏṩᦞⲴᦅ

ᛵѝഭˈ⤜⭏ ᆀ ྭᝏㆆ䙐ᡀ ᇦ䮯 ሩᆙᆀ Ⲵйњ“㠽 ᗇ”˖㠽ᗇ㣡

仾ᛵᖡ 5Ǆ 㖾ഭᗳ⨶ᆖᇦ Granville Stanley Hall ᛵ

䫡 ˈ 㠽ᗇ㣡㋮ᛵˈ 㠽ᗇ㣡ᝏᝏ 䰤 Ǆ ᆙᆀ Ԝ 㻛

The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

1896 ᒤ਼㺘Ԇ䪸ሩ⤜⭏ᆀ ྭⲴᗳ⨶ᇎ傼 Ⲵ㔃ᛵᝏᝏˈ䈤

3. ⓪⡡Ǐnì àiǐspoil

Ҷ䘉ਕ䈍˖“䓛Ѫ⤜⭏ᆀ ྭ ቡᱟаᛵᛵǄ”ᝏᝏ䛓Ӿ‫ى‬

4. 㠚伏ަᛵǏzì shí qí lìǐlive on one's own

䎧ˈᛵ㖾ഭᛵѪ ⤜⭏ᆀ ྭ——‫ۿ‬ᛵѝഭаṧ—— ਈᡀҶа њ ᆙᆀ Ⲵ㕪⛩Ǆնᛵ 2010 ᒤˈ㖾

labor 5. ᦅ 仾ᛵᖡǏbǔ fēng zhuō yǐngǐmake accusations on hearsay

ഭᴰᴹ ᖡᛵᝏ ᛵⲴᵲᘇѻа Times Magazine ਼㺘 Ҷаㇷᝏㄐ Ǆᛵ㘵 Toni Falbo ᛵᝏѝӻ㓽 ᴹྭ ᆀ⭏⤜䐏ཊ䇨 Ҷ‫⹄Ⲵޣ‬ウ ǄFalbo 䟷䇯Ҷ 1979 ᒤа 亩⹄ウ वᝏⲴᡀॳкзⲴ ѝഭ઼㖾ഭⲴ⤜⭏ᆀ ྭǄԆⲴ⹄ウᱮᛵ ˖ 㲭❦⤜⭏ᆀ ྭᛵᆖ Ґ≤ᒣкᛵሩ䶎⤜⭏ᆀ ྭ㘼 ྭ઼ 䶎

䀰ᴹՈ࣯ ˈնᛵᙗṬк⤜⭏ᆀ єྭ

ᆀ⭏⤜‫⋑ޘ‬ᴹ४ᛵ

ᆼ 㘵

ᙫѻˈѝഭ઼

㖾

ᡁᱟањᐵ⌻公ᆀ ᆹ䘚(Andrew Kozak)

ഭӪ≁аᔰᛵᛵ⌅ ㊫ ᙗᐞˈഐѪ

ᇦ 䮯 Ⲵ⓪⡡

Ǆ⧠ᛵˈഐѪᴰᝏⲴ⹄ ഭӪ਼⧠⤜⭏ᆀ

լ˖⤜⭏ᆀ

ウ

ྭ઼ᛵ䙊

ྭ⤜ ・

ਈᗇᖸ㠚 ⿱ 䍴ᝏˈ

⍱㹼Ǆ

˄University of Iowa˅

㖾

ᆙᆀᛵᙗṬкᝏ

ᒦᝏᖸབྷᐞᛵǄնᛵѝഭˈ㘱ᛵ⌅䘈ᱟᖸ

⡡㦧ॾབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗

ᝏⲴᛵᒤй‫ˈٷ‬ᡁ৲ᛵҶ⡡㦧ॾབྷ ᆖ Ⲵ TUT 亩 ⴞˈᛵѝഭཙ⍕⨶ᐕབྷ ᆖ Ӕ⍱ ᆖ ҐєњᴸǄ䇠ᗇ䛓 ཙेᛵӜᵪ൪ˈᡁлᝏ伎 ᵪ਼ ৫ᛵ㹼ᵾˈӾєњѝഭྭӪ䓛䗩䎠䗷Ǆᡁ䘌䘌ൠቡⴻ㿱ྭԜⴻ⵰ᡁˈ䘈䈤⵰ ˈ䈍‫ۿ‬ᱟᛵ

⭏䇽㺘

䇞䇪ᡁǄᡰԕᡁᖸྭྭˈᛵ৫ ੜੜྭԜᛵ䇢ӰѸǄᡁੜ㿱

1. 䏻ᛵǏbá hùǐdomineering; bossy

ྭԜ䈤˖“ⴻʽ 䛓њ⌻公ᆀ䗷ᶕҶǄ”䛓ᝏᝏˈᡁਚᛵ㖾ഭ

2. 䗴ӺǏqì jīnǐup to now

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ྭԜྭ៲ੜ㜭ਚԕᡰˈᝏѝⲴᒤаҶ ᆖ‫ۿ‬

㚊❖ѝ㖾

ᆇަˈḕᛵ“

”

公

њ ᆇ Ⲵᛵ“Negro”ᡆ“Boy”ˈ䘉Ӌ

䘉

䜭ᱟ ᙍǄᛵᶕ ᆳ䘈ਟԕ⭘ᶕᝏᝏ䇙

ᑖᴹ䍜ѹⲴ〠બˈᛵણ⵰Ԇ

Ӫ䇘ঃⲴӪˈ∄ྭ䈤“᠂ 公”ˈԜⲴᛵ

ՊൠսᖸվǄ20 ц㓚

“䞂公”ˈ䘈ᴹ “⌻公ᆀ”Ǆಒˈ50

ᒤԓᵛˈ㖾ഭ⠶਼Ҷ≁ᵳ

ᛵᶕᛵᛵ䛓єњӪᱟᛵਛᡁ䘀ࣘˈ 唁

Ӫᔰᛵ㾱 ≲ᛵ⭏⍫

ᆀ”ᛵʽնᱟˈѪӰѸ˛кǃᝏᝏ⋫кǃ㓿

⍾к 㧧ᗇ઼

“⌻ 公

ᡁн 䇔䇶

ྭԜˈྭԜҏн䇔㖾ഭⲭӪᒣㅹ Ⲵᵳᛵˈ㖾ഭ 䇶ᡁˈѪӰѸ䇘ঃᡁ˛ ⲭӪҏᛵ䘉൪䘀ࣘѝ䙀⑀᧕ ਼ ᶕˈᛵѝഭ ᆖ Ґᵏ䰤ˈਇҶ 唁 ӪⲴ㾱≲Ǆᛵ᱐ᛵ〠 બкˈ㖾ഭⲭӪӾ↔нᛵ〠બ 唁 ӪѪ

ᡁ䘈ੜᛵҶѝഭӪሩᡁⲴн਼〠બˈབྷᾲ ഭཆ˖ᴹ֜ഭ㖾ǃ֜ǃ㘱ཆǃ⌻Ӫ ㅹㅹ Ǆ

“Nigger”ˈ“Negro”ᡆ㘵“Boy”ҶǄ਼ ᶕˈ

ਛᡁ“公”ǄGhost˛ᡁᘾѸ⋑ᴹ㿱ᛵ䘉䟼 ᴹ公

2 ཆഭӪǄѪ↔ˈԆԜ⭘Ҷᖸཊ䍜ѹ䇽ᶕ

˛ᡁᗳ⭏⯁ᝏǄ ㅹᛵҶ ᆖ ṑ ᇯ㠽ˈᡁ䘛н৺ᖵ

䈤ԆԜᛵᝏㄐ ѝ⭘“㭳” ᡆ“ཧ”ᶕ〠બཆഭӪˈԆԜਛ⅗㖾

1 㘫ᔰ

ӾԆԜⲴ㺘ᛵ઼䈝≄ˈᡁ㜭ᝏ㿹ᛵ䘉Ӌ䇽 Ⲵᛵᙍ䜭 нᱟᖸྭǄᡁᖸௌ

⅒ѝഭ㨌ˈѝ ഭⲴՐ㔏㢪ᵟˈ䘈

ᴹѝഭӪ㝨кᔰᗳⲴ ㅁ

〠બཆഭӪˈ∄ྭ

Ӫ“⌻ཧ” ᡆ“⌻Ӫ”ǄѝഭӪ㿹ᗇ⅗㖾ӪⲭⳞ㛔ǃ哴 ཤ਼ǃ 㬍ᛵⶋˈ䓛к䘈䮯Ҷᖸཊ∋ˈⴻ䎧 ᶕ‫ۿ‬公 аṧǄ“⌻公 ᆀ”䘉њ〠બቡ䘉ṧ䈎

ᇩˈਟᱟᡁнᝏ ⲭԆԜѪӰѸнௌ

⅒ᡁǄ

⭏

3 ҶǄ

䘉䇙ᡁᛵᛵҶ㖾ഭশਢкⲴ 唁 ӪǄԕ

аⴤᛵ৫ᒤˈᛵ⡡㦧ॾབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏ䈮кˈ ㇷаҶᛵ䈫

ᛵˈ唁 Ӫᑨ㻛〠Ѫ“Nigger”ˈ 䘉Ӌ䍜

ᡁ‫ޣ‬ҾཆഭӪ〠બⲴ䈮ᝏˈᛵ 䰝㹼ᇎ ഭѝˈᛵԕᡈҼᶕᛵ䚃

ѹ䇽ធធཡ৫ҶᛵᶕⲴ䍜ѹˈᛵ㘼 ᡀҶ 唁

⸕‫ޣ‬䬱ഭⲴᝏᝏᝏㆆˈԆԜнௌ

Ӫѻ䰤Ⲵᱥ〠Ǆ∄ྭˈԆԜՊ〠બ

⅒ཆഭӪˈᡰԕԆԜౢᔴ

The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

ԆԜⲴྭᴻ৻“Nigger”ǄNigger Ӿ䍜ѹ䇽 ਈᡀᱥ〠

3. 䈎⭏Ǐdàn shēngǐbe born; come into being

ˈަᇎᱟԓ㺘ҶӪԜᢺаᛵᝏሩ

4. 㙯㙯ҾᘰǏgěng gěng yú huáiǐtake something to heart; brood on something

Ⲵᚦᛵ䖜ਈѪ৻ྭⲴ᧕ਇǄ

5. ⅓❦Ǐxīn ránǐjoyfully; readily

ᛵᶕ䈤ѝഭⲴ“⌻公ᆀ”Ǆᡁ㓿ᑨᛵˈ ѪӰѸᡁԜнҏᶕањ 䘉 ṧⲴ 䖜ਈᛵ˛ᡁ ⧠ᛵѝഭӪᐢ㓿

⑀⑀ᔰᛵнᛵᝏ㿶ཆ

⸕ 䚃

ഭӪˈԆԜ 〠

ѝഭᛵ㔤䙷к㖾ഭᒭ唈

ཆഭӪѪ“ഭཆ֜”ᡆ㘵“㘱 ཆ”ˈ䘉єњ䇽ቡ∄“⌻公ᆀ”㾱 ӢᛵаӋǄ

∅ཙᢜ (Taylor Byrnes)

ᛵᴹӋӪᛵѝˈ“ 㘱ཆ”ᐢ㓿 ⋑ᴹ䍜 ѹⲴᛵ

ᛵ⇽བྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗

ᙍҶˈਚᱟ⭘ᶕᝏᝏᶕ㠚⅗㖾ⲴཆഭӪ㘼ᐢǄᝏᝏ❦䘉ṧˈᡁᛵᡁԜ㖾

(University of Notre Dame)

ഭӪབྷਟнᗵഐѪ ഭཆĀǃā ᆀ公⌻ĀԜᡁਛӪᛵ֜āǃ ᝏⲴഭѝ৫ᛵᡁ‫⧠਼ˈى‬ᖸཊᡁнཚ 䇔䇶ⲴѝഭӪᙫᱟᛵ

Ā㘱ཆā㘼㙯㙯Ҿᘰ 4Ǆᡁ㿹ᗇྭᛵѝഭ Ӫ㜭нᛵᝏ㿶 Ā㘱ཆāˈᡁԜĀ㘱ཆāҏ 㜭⅓❦ ӪоӪѻ 䰤 Պ ᆀ

āᛵᶕᴹнྭ

ਈᗇᴤӢ

᧕ਇ䘉њ〠બˈ䛓

ᇶ Ǆ 㲭 ❦Ā⌻ 公

ⲴᛵᙍˈնᱟᡁᛵྭᛵᡁԜᝏᛵˈྭᛵᡁ

ԜࣚᛵˈᡁԜਟԕ 䇙 Ā⌻ 公 ᆀ āਈᡀањ 㽂 ѹ 䇽 Ǆнྭ䇙ᡁԜᣋᔳĀ⌻公ᆀ āѝⲴ 䍜ѹᡀᛵˈа䎧ᶕ 䈤˖Āᡁᱟањᐵ⌻公 ᆀʽā

㔤

1 ᡁ,

ਟᱟԆԜⲴ ᛵ㔤䎺ᱟ䘎䘎нᝏˈ䎺䇙ᡁᝏᛵ㧛

ᛵަ࿉ 2ᝏⲴᴹǄ‫ˈى‬ањ䱼⭏ⲴѝഭӪՊ ケ❦ 䐏ᡁ䈤 ˈ“ଖˈᛵཚ┲ӞҶʽ”ਟᱟᡁ⸕䚃ˈ ᡁᛵ䎧ᒺˈ䘈⋑ợཤˈҏ䘈 ⋑ेྭˈ ⭊ 㺻ᛵˈᛵ⋑䘈䜭⢉䘎㠣‫ۿ‬㍛㢢Ⲵᴸ⢉аṧ ᡁǄ䶒лⶋᛵⲴᡁᛵᝏᝏ‫ۿ‬ањ 冄公 аṧˈ 䛓њᛵ㔤 ᡁⲴӪᘾѸՊ㿹ᗇᡁⴻ䎧ᶕᖸ┲ᝏᝏᝏⲴᴹʽ˛ᛵӞ‫ˈى‬ањ䱼 ⭏ⲴѝഭӪᛵ 䇹ᡁˈ“ଖˈᛵⲴ㺓ᴽⵏྭⴻʽ”ਟᱟᡁ⸕ ⛩аᴽ㺓 Ⲵᡁˈ䚃‫ݯ‬ҏн┲Ӟˈᡁᒣᑨク аԦ㔂㺓઼аᶑ㔂㼔ˈᡆ㘵

⭏䇽㺘 1. 䘛н৺ᖵǏpò bù jí dàiǐin haste 2. ౢᔴǏcháo nòngǐmake a butt of mock

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

аԦ৸ᛵᇌ ৸ ᛵᝏⲴབྷਧ T ᚔ㺛ˈ䛓њᛵ㔤ᡁⲴӪᘾ ѸՊ㿹ᗇᡁⲴ㺓ᴽਸ䘲ᛵ˛ʽᴤᛵᨀ┲Ӟᝏ ᝏⲴᴹʽҶӞ┲н‫ˈى‬ањ䱼⭏ⲴѝഭӪ ᛵ䇹ᡁˈ“ଖˈᛵⲴ≹

㚊❖ѝ㖾

䈝䶎ᑨྭʽ”ਟᱟᡁ ⸕䚃ˈᡁⲴ≹䈝≤ᒣᝏᝏᖸվˈᡁਚ䐏Ԇ 䈤

Ҷаਕ“ᛵˈ”ྭᛵ䈤“ྭᛵ”ҏ䈤䭉Ҷʽ ᡁⲴ਼ 丣ᖸ䳮ੜˈᡁⲴ

ㅜ ањ⨶⭡ˈԆԜ䈤Ⲵᱟⵏ䈍ˈ䛓ᡁнᐼ ᵋ䇙䛓њᛵ㔤

䈝⌅ᙫᱟᴹ䭉䈟ˈ ӰѸਕ ᆀ ᡁ䜭䈤нሩˈ䛓њᛵ㔤

എⲴྭᴰᛵᛵമ䈅‫و‬㤕

ㆄ

ԆԜⲴࣘᵪᱟ

ᡁⲴӪ㿹ᗇԆнྭᡁǄᡁᓄ 傴䈕ᓄнˈ㲊䉖ᖸ䈕ؑൠ䈤“ 䉒䉒”ǄഐѪᝏ ྭᛵᡁ䈤“䉒䉒”ˈ䘉ቡᛵણ⵰ᡁ㿹

ᡁⲴӪѪ

ᗇԆԜ 䈤ᗇሩǄ㲭❦䘉ㅖ ਸ㖾ഭⲴᝏेˈᡁҏᱟ 㖾

ӰѸн㿹ᗇᡁⲴ≹䈝ᖸ㌏㌅ᛵ˛ʽ

ഭӪˈਟᱟᡁнᛵ㖾ഭˈ 䘉 ṧഎ ᓄᡁˈेᝏⲴഭѝਸ

ㅖ

н‫ޕ‬ґ

䈕

ㆄᱮ❦

6Ǆ

䲿؇

ྭᛵᱟㅜ Ҽњ⨶⭡ˈԆԜѪҶᛵ⭘ᡁ㘼ᛵ ᡁⲴ 傜ቱˈ䛓 ᡁн㜭䇙ԆԜᗇ䙎

ԆԜⲴࣘᵪᱟㅜ йњ⨶⭡ˈ

7Ǆྭᛵ

䛓ᡁн㜭䇙Ԇ ԜԕѪᡁ㝁ᆀㅘˈᓄ䈕䇙ԆԜ਼⧠ᡁ⸕䚃 ⛩ᴹњ䘉㘳ᙍᛵᡁ‫ྭݯ‬ᙚⲴ⧠䊑Ⲵᝏᝏ

䚯ҶѪǄᡁ䇭䇕ᛵᱟԜԆ‫ݽ‬ᡀѪ ㅁ가가 8ˈ ᡁ䴰㾱

‫ˈى‬ᛵᛵᶕйњн਼Ⲵ⨶⭡Ǆ ㅜ аˈᡁⲴ ᛵᱟᴰ䞧

䇙㠚ᐡⲴഎ

ǃᴰᙗᝏǃᴰ㚚ᝏⲴྭӪˈԆԜᝏнᱟ䈤ྭᛵ

Ҿᛵᛵањᛵ⌅ˈнᝏ ӵ䉖㲊ǃᵪᛵˈ㘼фҏ∄䖳ᒭ唈

䈍ˈԆ ⲴⵏᱟԜ֙ᴽ

4 ᡁǄ

3 䈍ˈԆԜ䈤Ⲵᱟⵏᗳ

ㅜ Ҽˈҏ䇨䘉Ӌѝഭ Ӫнնн

㿹ᗇᡁ┲Ӟǃᝏᝏ儖ǃ㚚ᝏˈᛵ㘼㿹ᗇᡁᖸсˈ㺓ᴽᖸᛵˈ≹䈝 ҏᖸ㌏ ǄԆ ԜਚᛵᛵᡁⲴ 傜ቱˈѪҶᴤྭൠᛵ⭘ᡁˈ

ˈवᛵௌ

ㆄ ੜ䎧ᶕᖸᵪᛵʽ ᡁ䍩ቭᗳᵪ

㓸

⅒Ǆᡁ㿹ᗇᴰྭⲴഎ ㆄቡᱟ㔉䛓њᛵ㔤

ᡁ Ⲵ䱼⭏ӪаṧⲴᛵ㔤Ǆ∄ྭ䈤ˈྭᛵањ ѝഭӪᛵ䇹 ᡁ“ᛵⲴ≹ 䈝ᖸྭ”ˈᡁⲴഎ

ㆄ

ቡᱟ˖“ᛵⲴ≹ 䈝

ԆԜਟ㜭ԕѪᛵ㔤ᡁՊ䇙ᡁᝏᝏᶮ䆖ᝏǄ ㅜ йњ⨶⭡ቡᱟ

ҏᖸྭǄ”ྭᛵᛵӺ਼ ᛵ ഭཆˈҏн⸕䚃ᘾѸഎᓄᛵ㔤

䘉Ӌᛵ㔤ᡁⲴӪ ᇎ䱵кਚᱟ 㾱䇕䇭

ᛵⲴӪˈᛵ ਟԕⴤ᧕䟷⭘ᡁⲴᛵ⌅ˈᦒᶕᛵ㔤ᛵⲴӪ

ᡁˈԕѪᡁੜнᝏ ⲭԆԜᱟᛵ䈤

ᡆ䖫ᶮᡆቤቜ

10 Ⲵа

ㅁǄ

ᛵ䈍ʽ ᧕лᶕˈ ᡁᛵ ᝏ ᛵ➗䘉йњ⨶⭡ˈ

⭏䇽㺘 1.

ᛵ㔤Ǐgōng wéiǐflatter

㧛ᛵަ࿉Ǐmò míng qí miàoǐbe unable The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

to make head or tail of something 3.

ྭᛵǏfèng chengǐflatter; toady

֙ᴽǏpèi fúǐadmire

䇕䇭Ǐ jī fěngǐ mock

‫ޕ‬ґ䲿؇ Ǐrù xiāng suí súǐin Rome do as the Romans do

ᗇ䙎Ǐdé chěngǐaccomplish in an evil purpose

ԕ৺ሩᝏेⲴᖡᛵǄᛵᡁⴻ ᶕˈ㘱ཆਚᴹҶ䀓ѝഭᝏेᛵ㜭

ᛵѝഭ୶ᝏъ⍫ࣘѝਆᗇᡀᛵǄ㖾ഭӪᓄ䈕ྭྭ ᆖ Ґ ᛵਸ 䍨㓿㖾ѝ❦н㾱ˈᘥ㿲ⲴӪഭѝ‫ޣ‬㌫ ѪᡀᛵᔰഭѝᛵᒤॱҼǄ↕䘋Պн‫ަˈ⛩❖ Ⲵ⨳ޘ‬ѫ㾱 ᛵഐᛵҾѝഭⲴ㓿⍾ᖡᛵᝏ ᛵ 䎺ᶕ䎺བྷǄᛵѝഭ䙀 ↕ᡀѪ䎵㓗བྷഭⲴ਼ 㾱Ԝ⭏ᆖ ഭ㖾ˈᝏᝏ‫ˈྭ߶ྭڊ‬䐏

ㅁ가가Ǐxiào bǐngǐlaughing stock

ѝഭ‫ޜ‬ਨ ‫⭏ڊ‬ᛵǄ㖾ഭ ᆖ⭏ᛵ㓿⍾кⲴᡀ䍕ᛵҾᱟ

䍩ቭᗳᵪǏfèi jìn xīn jīǐbeat one's

ᛵ‫ྭڊ‬Ҷ‫ݵ‬ᛵⲴ߶ྭˈԕ৺ᱟᛵަྭҶ༴

brains out 10. ቤቜǏgān gàǐawkward

⨶ӊ⍢䰞仈 Ⲵ㜭ᛵǄ ᘾѸ߶ྭᛵ˛ㅜ а↕ᱟ㾱ᛵ 䇶ᛵѝഭ Ⲵ਼ኅᑖᶕҶଚӋ䰞仈 Ǆ⭡Ҿ䎺ᶕ䎺ཊⲴ Ӫᔰ䖖ˈ⧟ຳ ⊑ḃᡀѪҶањѕ䟽Ⲵ䰞仈 Ǆ ⧟ሩᡀ

㖾ഭ ᆖ⭏ˈᛵ߶ྭྭҶ਼˛ ᛵ䇮ᝏ˄Sam Reiff˅ ᛵ⇽བྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗 ˄University of Notre Dame˅

䙐Պ䊑⧠њ䘉‫؍‬ӗ૱ᡆᴽᛵⲴ䴰≲ 䟿Ⲵᨀ儈 ǄሩḀӋӪᶕ䈤ˈᛵՊ䰞仈 ҏቡ ⭡↔ӗ⭏Ҷ˖䍛ᇼᐞ䐍㔗㔝ᛵབྷǄ㲭❦ѝ ഭⲴѝӗ䱦㓗䎺ᶕ䎺ᓎབྷˈնᱟѝഭⲴᝏᝏ ᱟнᒦᇼ䍒‫ޡ‬ӛⲴǄ䘉њ䰞仈 ਟ㜭Պᕅ਼ ਖањ䰞

ᡁӾ 2011 ᒤᔰᛵᆖ ѝᝏˈ䙊䗷ᛵᒤ Ⲵ≹䈝ᆖ Ґˈᡁ䙀 ⑀਼⧠㠚ᐡሩѝഭⲴ㓿 ᝏ䎺ᶕ䎺ኅ਼⍾‫ޤ‬䏓Ǆᛵᶕᡁкѝᝏ䈮 ᱟ ഐѪ䘉Պሩᡁᛵᐕᛵᴹྭ༴ˈн䗷⧠ᛵᡁ 㔗㔝 ᆖ ѝᝏ ᱟѪҶҶ䀓਼ኅѝⲴѝഭᛵ㓿ᝏ⍾ᝏᝏ䶒Ⲵ䰞仈

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

仈˖ྭօѪѝӗ䱦㓗ᨀᛵ䴰㾱Ǆ 䈱ᓄ䈕䍏䎧┑䏣 ᛵ䙊⎸䍩㘵䴰≲Ⲵ䍓ԫ˛ ഭ㖾ᗇ㿹ᡁ‫ޜ‬ਨᓄ䈕ᛵ⭘ 䘉њᛵ䎒ⲴᵪՊ˖ ѝഭ⎸䍩㘵ਟԕҠᛵ㠚ᐡ䴰㾱Ⲵӗ૱ˈ 㖾 ഭ‫ޜ‬ਨਟԕᛵᛵᝏ‫ޕ‬Ǆ䘉єњ䰞仈ᒦнԓ 㺘

㚊❖ѝ㖾

ᡰᴹⲴਈेˈਖཆањਈेᱟˈᝏᝏᓌ㻛䘛

ᒤᶕˈ㓿⍾Ⲵᝏ䶙ᝏㆆ нӵᨀᛵҶѠ ᇼ 䀓ф㘼 ᙍˈᡁᐼᵋ㖾ഭ ᆖ⭏䜭ਟԕ਼⧠䘉Ӌਈे 㜭ᛵྭǄᙗ㾱䟽Ⲵ‫ڊ‬ᛵԕк䘉Ӌˈ䛓ѸᛵᝏᝏਟԕҶ䀓ѝഭˈҏਟԕ┑䏣㠚ᐡሩ㓿⍾ Ⲵ‫ޤ‬䏓Ǆ

⭏䇽㺘 1. ཙ༔ѻᛵǏtiān rǎng zhī biéǐbe vastly ᔰᝏᝏѝഭᐲ൪ǄӪԜнᛵ䇙ᝏᝏᓌ᧗ᛵ㓿ᝏᱟնˈ⍫⭏ᑨᝏⲴᐡ

ˈՊᵪъ୶ⲴߣҶнቁ‫ޜ‬ਨԕᛵᡰ 䶒ѤⲴ䰞仈

㠚㘵ᡆ⍾‫ޡ‬ӗ‫ފ‬ԕᛵᝏᝏ᧗ᛵ㓿

Ǆᡰԕˈѝഭᛵ㓿⍾փᛵкᴹ ᖸཊਈेˈн䗷ᛵ

⍾৸᧗ᛵӪ≁Ⲵ⭏⍫Ǆ⧠ᛵˈѝ ഭӪ≁⑤ᵋ≁ѫѫѹ઼㾯ᝏᝏ

ՊⲴਈेҏᖸབྷǄ ਆᛵᡀⲴᶕᵚᆖ ਼ⲴߣҾ⧠ᛵⲴ߶ྭǄѝ

Ⲵ⭏⍫ᝏᝏᔿˈ 䘉ᛵ㿲ᘥⲴਈे 啃࣡ᝏ⋫ᇦᝏ䶙㓿⍾ᝏᝏㆆ Ǆ 䘁 ഭ⧠ᛵケ伎⥋䘋 ㅜ Ҽ↕ᱟҶ䀓ѝഭӪᴹӰѸᝏ㿲ᘥǄ ѝഭⲴᝏेᐢ㓿ᝏ ਈҶˈ㘼фҏᛵ㔗㔝ᝏਈǄ∄ྭ䈤ˈ⧠ԓⲴ Ⲵᴹ ཙ༔ѻᛵ 1Ǆ⧠ᛵⲴѝഭӪнᛵሩᛵ ሩᛵ

⁑ᔿ઼Ր㔏 ˈ

ᝏањ∄䖳ᇭᇩ ⲴᘱᓖǄᒤ䖫Ӫҏ ᴹ㠚ᐡⲴᝏ㿲

3 Ⲵᝏ 䶙ᝏѕጫ 4 ৸ᴹᛵ

ᴹа⛩ྭᙚʽӾཆ ഭᛵѝഭⲴ୶ъ䗷ᛵа ᇊ Պ䶒 Ѥഠ䳮ˈᡰ ԕਚᴹҶ䀓ѝഭᝏेᛵ㜭㧧ᗇᡀᛵǄ ѝഭⲴᝏ 㓿⍾Ⲵᖡᛵᛵᑖᶕᖸཊ䰞仈ˈ ҏᑖᶕҶ㿲 ᘥⲴਈेˈᙚнᗇѝഭᝏे⢩ different as between heaven and earth

ᘥ˖䇨ཊӪՊ䈅䇞

2 ⲴǄᛵ୶

Ǆ䘉єԦ һᛵӄॱᒤԕᛵ䜭ᱟнਟᙍ ъкˈ䘉Ӌਈेѻᡰԕ⢩ᛵ䟽㾱

ᱟഐѪᛵ ᘥ㿲Պߣᇊ⎸䍩Ո‫ݸ‬䘹ᝏᵳǄ㖾ഭ‫ޜ‬ਨᛵ ૱୶Ⲵഭѝ⭘‫׳‬䬰ᝏᝏᔿቡਟԕ੨ᕅ⎸䍩㘵 Ⲵ⌘ᛵǄ䲔

2. нਟᙍ䇞Ǐbù kě sī yìǐinconceivable 3. ケ伎⥋䘋Ǐtū fēi měng jìnǐmake giant strides 4. ѕጫǏyán jùnǐsevere

Ҷ੨ᕅѝഭӪⲴ⌘ᛵԕཆˈ㖾 ഭҏн㜭ᗇ㖚䘉 Ӌ ᇒ ᡧˈഐѪᴹⲴѝഭӪ 㿹ᗇ㖾ഭӪᛵ⭏⍫ᝏᝏ䶒 The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

ѝഭⲴፋ䎧ᱟေ 㛱਼˛

Ѫц⭼кᴰަ▌ᛵⲴഭ ᇦ ѻаǄն䇨ཊу ᇦ ҏ ᶕаⴤ ᆈᛵⲴ䰞仈ˈ㘼фьӊᛵⲴഭ ᇦᛵ Ѿ䜭 ᴹ਼㊫Ⲵ䰞仈 Ǆᴰ਼ ˈᡰᴹⲴ਼䗮ഭ ᇦ䜭ᴹ㖁㔌唁 ᇒˈቔަᱟ㖾ഭǃᗧഭǃ㤡 ഭ䘉ṧⲴ、ᢰ≤ᒣ䖳儈 Ⲵഭ ᇦ Ǆ ᛵԕкഭ䱵䰞仈 кˈѝഭᝏᝏᓌᓄ䈕ᇎ 㹼㖁㔌䲀 ᛵⲴᝏᝏㆆˈഐѪ 唁ᇒ ઼㖁≁Ⲵ⍫ ᆹ ⲴՊᛵഭѝ㛱 ေ Պҏࣘ‫ޘ‬Ǆ↔ཆˈ⎧к

䎥ᱮᖜ (Hyun-Binn Cho) ᇮ ཅ⌅ቬӊབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗 (University of Pennsylvania)

1978 ᒤᝏ䶙ᔰᝏᝏԕ਼ ˈѝഭ㓿শҶ ᘛ䙏Ⲵ㓿 ⍾਼ኅǄ䲿⵰㓿⍾Ⲵᛵ䮯ˈᛵцᝏ⭼кѝഭⲴ䓛

䈤䗷৫ᛵᒤѝഭⲴፋ 䎧ေ 㛱Ҷઘ䗩ഭ ᇦ ઼ц⭼ 〙ᒿǄ䘉ᱟᖸ٬ ᗇ‫Ⲵ⌘ޣ‬䰞仈ˈԕлᡁ㾱䇘䇪 ᛵњ㿲⛩Ǆ њഭ ᇦ ⲴӪ≁⨶ᡰᖃ❦

ՊᛵᛵԆԜⲴ㾱 ≲Ǆަ⅑ˈѝഭⲴ 亶ᛵҹ ㄟᱟањ䮯ᵏԕ

ԭ઼ൠսҏᨀ儈 Ҷˈ⧠ᛵ䇨 ཊу ᇦᢺѝഭ㿶 ᛵ䳮⨶䀓ǄᛵѪ୶ᆖ䲒Ⲵ ᆖ⭏ˈкѝᝏ䈮 ઼ ᆖ ҐѝഭⲴᝏ 䶒䊼ᱟᡁⲴ䍓ԫǄᡁ઼ᡁ 2Ǆ

䇨ཊӪѻᡰԕ䇔Ѫᴰ䘁ѝഭਈᡀᴤަ

ㅜ Ҽˈѝഭ㓿⍾Ⲵ਼ኅᑖᶕ Ҷ㖁≁Ⲵᛵᛵˈն㖁

ေ 㛱Ⲵഭ ᇦˈнཆѾйབྷഐ ㍐ Ǆ ㅜ аˈᴹ

≁Ⲵа䜘ᛵᱟ唁ᇒˈ ഐ↔ᴹӪ䇔Ѫѝഭ 唁

Ӫ䈤ѝഭሩই⎧亶ᛵҹ ㄟ䰞仈 Ⲵᘱᓖᱮᛵᝏ

ᇒ Ⲵ䰞仈䎺ᶕ䎺ѕ䟽Ǆ ᴹӪᕪ䈳ѝഭ⭥㝁唁ᇒ ᢃᛵ

ᛵѝഭᛵေ 㛱ઘ䗩ഭ ᇦ Ǆ∄ྭˈѝഭᢺ䫃劬

㖾ഭˈҏေ 㛱 Ҷц⭼〙ᒿǄ ㅜ йˈᛵ䇨

ዋᱟѝഭⲴ䘉њҹ ㄟ㿶Ѫн ᇩ㖞⯁

1Ⲵ

һ ᇎˈਟᱟᴹӪ㿹ᗇѝഭሩ䫃劬ዋⲴᘱᓖ Ҿ䗷‫◰ٿ‬ ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ཊу ᇦⴻᶕѝഭ Ⲵ≁ᝏѫѹᱟ⢩ᛵড䲙ⲴǄѝഭᛵц⭼к

㚊❖ѝ㖾

Ⲵൠս઼䓛ԭᨀ儈 Ⲵ਼ᝏˈᗳ⨶кҏ਼⭏ ҶਈेǄ䇨

ѝഭབྷ ᆖ⭏ሩ䐘ᝏे

Ⲵⴻ⌅

ਢ⪎䵎˄Sarah Schrader˅ 㾯㛟

ཊѝഭӪ㾱≲ѝഭਇᛵᴤཊⲴ ሺ䟽

ຄสབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗

ˈѝഭሩц⭼ⲴᖡᛵᛵᓄᖃᴹᡰᛵᛵǄ 䱵ഭᗳᣵӪᴹߢケ ӗ⭏Ⲵਟ㜭ᙗоѝഭ≁

˄Western Kentucky University˅

ᝏѫѹⲴᛵᕪᡀ↓∄Ǆ ਟᱟᡁ䇔Ѫ䘉йᛵ䈤⌅ᒦнᡀ・ Ǆ 俆 Ⲵ 亶ᛵҹ ㄟ Պ◰ेѝഭӪⲴ≁ᝏѫѹᛵ 㔚ˈ 䇙ѝഭӪ≁ሩѝഭᝏᝏᓌᨀᛵᴤཊⲴ㾱≲ˈ ⭊㠣ᱟᢩ

⵰䲿‫Ⲵ⨳ޘ‬䗵䙏ഭ䱵ेˈ䐘ᝏे

䮯Ⲵ䎻࣯ Ǆ↔⧠䊑ᱟ ᴰѝަˈⲴᡀᖒᡰ ㍐ ഐⲴṧᛵᛵ ᛵ⭡‫ޣ‬䭞㖾ഭᴰ儈⌅䲒ᛵᇊ䘉Ӌ⌅ᖻ䘍㛼

䇴ˈӾ㘼䙐ᡀѝഭᛵՊᛵ䜘Ⲵ⸋ ᛵǄ㔃ᛵ䘉 йњ䰞仈 нն䇙ઘ䗩ഭ ᇦᖸ㍗ ᕐˈᴤ䟽㾱Ⲵᱟ

ᇚ⌅ˈഐᝏᛵ↔Ǆ䲔ᓏк 傜ᐎњ⇿≲㾱

䇙ѝഭᝏ ᓌҏᖸн ᆹ Ǆᡰ 䚯ਟнᓌᝏᝏഭѝԕ‫ݽ‬ൠ ᝏ 㾱㠚㹼䀓ߣ䘉йབྷ 䀓㜭ᓌᝏᝏഭѝᝏаˈᶕⴻ↔⭡Ǆ

↔ߣ਼ᐳѻ਼ ˈ 䐘ᝏे े

䙀⑀ᛵᛵǄ䐘ᝏ

⧠ᛵ䘈㇇∄䖳ቁ㿱ˈн䗷䘈ᛵᝏ⳺ᛵ䮯

仈䰞ߣ䘉 йབྷ䰞仈ˈѝഭⲴፋ䎧ቡнᱟေ 㛱 Ǆ

ᝏҏᛵ⧠Ҷаᛵᝏ⳺ᛵ

Ǆ∄ྭˈ 2008 ঐਚྭཛⲴेᝏ䐘ᒤ‫ޘ‬ഭཛྷⲴ 8%ˈնᱟᛵ 2008 ᒤ㔃

Ⲵཛྷѻѝ

⭏䇽㺘 1. н ᇩ㖞⯁Ǐbù róng zhì yíǐallow of no doubt 2. ‫◰ٿ‬Ǐpiān jīǐextreme 3. ⨶ᡰᖃ❦Ǐlǐ suǒ dāng ránǐit goes without saying

‫ˈݸ‬ᛵᱟ㓿⍾਼ኅ઼ൠսᨀ儈 Ⲵഭ ᇦˈ䘉 The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

14.6%ᱟ䐘ᝏ ेⲴǄ⭡↔ਟ㿱ˈ㖾ഭᒤ䖫 Ӫሩ䐘ᝏ Ⲵഐ ㍐ ѻаቡᱟᢰᵟⲴ਼ኅǄ⧠ᛵˈᶕ㠚 н਼ഭ ᇦ ⲴӪਟԕ䙊䗷㖁㔌ᛵ䇶ˈ㘼фտ ཏ㜭 ӪᙻⲴᝏᝏൠ਼нᛵ֯⭘⭥䈍ǃ㖁㔌ѻᝏ⌅ᝏᝏⲴ㊫‫؍‬ᝏᝏ㚄㌫ Ǆ⭡ҾӔ 䙊ᢰᵟⲴ਼ኅˈ ӪԜⲴ⍱ࣘᙗҏ䎺ᶕ䎺བྷǄ∄ྭˈаⲮᒤ ᛵ㾱㤖㤖ൠᛵ 1ǃ2 њᴸⲴ㡩ᛵ㜭ཏ䙊䗷 े

ᙍᛵ䎺ᶕ䎺ᔰᝏᝏǄ

བྷ㾯⌻ˈཚᒣ⌻ቡᴤн㾱䈤ҶǄնᱟ⧠ᛵˈ ᛵॺཙⲴ 伎 ᵪቡ

ѪҶሩ↔䰞仈䘋㹼⹄ウˈᡁ䟷䇯Ҷйњѝ 俆

㜭ᛵц⭼Ⲵਖа䶒ǄഐѪᝏᝏ㛢≤ᒣ儈 ⲴӪа㡜ᶕ

ᡁǄ⭏ᆖ བྷഭ‫ݸ‬ᱟ䈒䰞ਇ䇯㘵ᛵሩ䊑㘳㲁

䈤ᙍᛵ∄䖳ᔰᝏᝏˈ ᡰԕӪԜᝏ㛢≤ᒣⲴᨀ儈 ҏᱟ䐘ᝏे

Ⲵйњഐ ㍐ Ǆᛵ↔䰞仈 кਇ䇯㘵

ᛵᛵⲴањᖸ䟽㾱Ⲵഐ ㍐ Ǆ 䲿⵰ᝏ㛢≤ᒣⲴᨀ儈 оᙍᛵⲴᔰᝏᝏˈ ‫ٿ‬㿱

1 ҏ䎺ᶕ䎺ቁǄᛵ㖾ഭᶕ䈤ˈ1967

ᒤԕᛵˈ㖾ഭབྷ䜘ᛵᐎ䜭ᴹᛵ→н਼ᛵᝏⲴӪ㔃

Ⲵ⌅ᖻ

㇑єњӪѻ䰤Ⲵ⡡ᛵཊѸ␡ˈањ㖾ഭⲭ Ӫ䜭н㜭 ၦањ㖾ഭ 唁 Ӫˈ㘼ањӊ⍢㼄㖾ഭӪҏн㜭ჱ 㔉ањ㖾ഭⲭӪǄн䗷ᛵ ṧ䘉ˈഭབྷ≁〫њаⲴṧ 䛓ഭ㖾‫ٿ┑ݵ‬㿱 Ⲵ⌅ᖻ㿴ᇊᘾѸ㜭䮯ᵏᆈᛵᛵ˛1967 ᒤˈ 䛓ѝഭᒤ䖫 ᛵ˛

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᴰᑨ㿱Ⲵഎ ㆄ Ǆ䲔↔ԕཆˈਇ䇯㘵䘈䇔Ѫ Ӫ૱ǃᇦᓝ㛼ᛵ৺ᛵ䊼ᱟ䟽㾱Ⲵ㘳㲁ഐ ㍐ᝏ ᱟ仈䰞њҼ ㅜ Ⲵḕ䈳ᡁǄаѻ‫ޣ‬Ҿሩ䐘ᝏ

㿴ᇊ Ǆᝏᝏ➗䘉Ӌ㿴ᇊˈн

ӪᘾѸⴻ䐘ᝏे

Ⲵഎ ㆄ ᱟ∄䖳ᛵլⲴǄᙗṬǃᆖ শ৺њӪ㜭ᛵᱟ

ेⲴⴻ⌅Ǆйњਇ䇯㘵ሩ↔ᴹ⵰н਼Ⲵⴻ ⌅Ǆањਇ䇯㘵䈤㠚ᐡнཚ䎎਼䐘ᝏे ⧠䊑ˈ䘉ᱟഐѪᝏे㛼ᛵн਼ⲴӪᛵԧ ٬㿲 ǃц⭼㿲ㅹᝏᝏ䶒ᡰ ᆈᛵⲴᐞᔲՊӗ⭏ нਟ䈳઼ Ⲵ⸋ᛵˈ䘋㘼ᖡᛵᛵ

Ⲵᒨ

㚊❖ѝ㖾

ᛵᓖǄ

ㅜ Ҽњਇ䇯㘵ᛵ䇔 Ѫ 㲭 ❦䐘ᝏे

Ⲵᛵᡈᙗᴤབྷˈնᱟ਼ᝏ৸ਟ㜭 ަᴹᴤ ཊⲴҀ 䏓 ˈ 㘼 фਚ㾱 єњӪѻ 䰤 Ⲵ⡡ᛵཏ ԕਟᱟ䜭䳮ഠⲴᴹᡰ

ेᝏ䐘 ˈ␡‫ݻ‬ᴽ

ਆ 仈䰞 ↔ ᛵ 㺘㘵䇯ਇњй ㅜ ǄⲴߣҾަփ ᛵߥˈնа㡜ᶕ䈤ྭᵜӪ㜭ཏ᧕ਇᝏेᐞ ᔲǄᡁ䈳ḕⲴᴰ਼ Ⲵ䰞仈ᱟਇ䇯㘵ᛵ䐏ᝏᝏ े㛼ᛵо㠚ᐡᛵ਼ⲴӪ䘈ᱟᝏे㛼ᛵ н਼ ⲴӪ㔃

ˈ਼ᝏҏ䈒䰞ਇ䇯㘵ᱟᛵՊ㘳㲁 ᴤᐡ㠚䈤

䈤нཚ䎎਼ˈ਼ᝏᴹє њਇ䇯㘵䈤㠚ᐡՊ㘳㲁䐏ཆഭӪ 㔃

Ǆ㲭 ❦єњਇ䇯㘵㜭ཏ᧕ਇ䐘ᝏे

Պᧂ䲔䐏ཆഭӪ㔃

ˈҏн

Ⲵਟ㜭ᙗˈնйњਇ ᴤᐡ㠚䈤䜭

㘵䇯‫਼ٮ‬Ҿ䐏ᝏे㛼ᛵᛵ਼Ⲵ Ӫ㔃

Ǆᡁ䇔Ѫ䘉

ᴹਟ㜭ᱟ䐏ѝഭ≁ᝏᶴ ⧠Ⲵᡀߥᴹ‫ޣ‬Ǆབྷ䜘ᛵѝഭӪ䜭ᱟ ≹ᝏⲴˈ ᡰԕа㡜ᶕ䈤ѝഭӪ䐏ᝏे㛼ᛵн਼ⲴӪ Ӕ⍱ⲴᵪՊ∄䖳ቁǄ ᆙ ྭഭ㖾њаѪᛵ‫ˈݯ‬ᡁњӪ䇔 Ѫ䐘

䜭ӪњйǄ

㔃Ӫഭཆ䐏‫਼ٮ‬Ҿᝏоᝏे㛼ᛵᛵ਼ⲴӪ㔃

Ǆ ㅜ Ҽњ䰞仈ᛵ ⧠Ҷєᛵн਼㿲⛩ˈањਇ䇯㘵䈤ྭṩᵜ нՊ㘳㲁䐏ཆഭӪ㔃

ˈնᱟਖཆєњ䜭䈤

㠚ᐡՊ㘳㲁ⲴǄ

ਇњй䘉‫਼ٮ‬Ҿ䐏ᝏे㛼ᝏᛵн਼ⲴӪ㔃

Ǆ䘉ᴹਟ

㜭ҏᱟ䐏ᡁഭ ᇦ ᴹᡀᶴᝏ≁Ⲵ‫——Ⲵޣ‬㖾ഭᱟњ〫 ≁བྷഭˈ ᡰԕᡁӾሿቡᴹ䇨ཊᵪՊ䐏ᶕ㠚н਼ᝏे

ഐѪᡁਚ䟷䇯ҶйњӪˈ㘼фྭԜй њ↓ྭ䜭ᱟྭ⭏ˈᡰԕ ᙅ

Պ㔉Ӫ⭏ᑖᶕᖸཊҀ䏓ˈ㘼фоᝏᴤᡁˈ਼н㘵䇯

ᝏे

ⲴӪӔ⍱Ǆн䗷ᡁᴰ㓸䘈ᱟ਼ᛵਇ䇯㘵ѻ

3 ᡁ䘉⅑䈳ḕᝏҶ᱐ᛵᱟ㇇㜭

аⲴањ㿲⛩˖ᴰ䟽㾱Ⲵᱟᴹ⋑ᴹⵏᗳᛵ

нᒦᛵᡀⲴ‫ޘ‬䜘ѝഭབྷ ᆖ⭏ ሩ䐘ᝏेⲴ㿲⛩Ǆн䗷

⡡Ǆᡁᛵˈаᝏ䙷ᛵⵏᗳᛵ⡡ⲴӪˈєӪ

ӽᝏਟԕᗇᛵᛵ⛩ 㔃䇪Ǆ ㅜ аˈѝഭབྷ ᆖ⭏ᛵሩ䊑ᝏᝏѫ

ᝏे㛼ᛵᱟᛵᛵ਼ቡнՊ䛓Ѹ䟽㾱ҶǄ

㾱ᱟ ᴹ䓛ᵜӪ䐏㲁㘳‫Ⲵޣ‬аӋᝏᝏ䶒ˈ∄ྭ㜭ᛵǃ ᆖ শǃᙗṬѻ㊫ˈ㘼нՊ⢩ᛵ䟽㿶ᇇᝏǃ ᴹेᝏ䐏㊫ѻᝏ≁‫Ⲵޣ‬ᝏᝏ 䶒Ǆഐ↔ਟԕ 亴 ⍻ˈѝഭབྷ ᆖ⭏ሩ䐘ᝏ े

ᴹਟ

㜭ᙍᛵ ∄䖳ᔰᝏᝏǄ䈸ᛵ਼ 䶒єњ䰞仈ˈᡁԜਟԕ ⴻᛵˈєњਇ䇯㘵䇔Ѫ䐘ᝏे

ᱟ㜭ཏ ᧕ਇⲴˈਚᴹањ

⭏䇽㺘 1. ‫ٿ‬㿱Ǐpiān jiànǐprejudice; bias 2. нਟ䈳઼Ǐbù kě tiáo héǐirreconcilable 3. ᙅǏkǒng pàǐperhaps; maybe ཙѫᝏᛵѝഭ 䎥ㄩ Ⴇ(Christine Chambers) The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

ঠ ㅜᆹ㓣བྷ ᆖᐳ励ᝏ亯ᛵṑѝᝏӄᒤ㓗 ˄Indiana University Bloomington˅

ᖃ㖾ഭӪᛵ䊑ѝഭᱟӰѸṧⲴഭ ᇦ Ⲵ ᝏ‫ˈى‬བྷ䜘ᛵⲴӪнՊᛵᛵཙѫᝏˈնᱟ Ӫഭѝཊᖸᛵ⧠ؑԠཙѫᝏˈ 䘈ᴹᖸཊӪ าᝏᓝᇦᛵ‫ڊ‬ᛵᝏǄѪӰѸཙѫᝏਇᛵѝ ഭӪⲴ⅒ 䗾˛㘼ѝഭᝏᝏᓌѪӰѸн䇙ᇦᓝᝏᝏาਸ⌅े˛䙊䗷䘉ㇷᝏㄐ ᡁᛵӻ㓽алᝏ⧠઼ਢশⲴഭѝᛵᝏѫཙߥˈԕ৺ ᇦᓝᝏ าⲴ⧠⣦઼ ᆳᆈᛵⲴᛵഐǄ

ߣᛵ ⌅ˈԆԜ䇔ѪѝഭⲴ䘉ӋՐ㔏ⲴҐᛵнᱟᝏᇇᝏˈ㘼 ᱟଢ ᆖ Ⲵа䜘ᛵˈᡰԕѝഭӪਟ ᛵ䗩аԕؑཙѫᝏˈа 䗩㔗㔝ԆԜⲴՐ㔏ᝏᝏेǄնᱟˈᖃᝏᝏᴹӋൠᝏᝏᓌӽ❦ᛵ䘛㙦こ ՊⲴӪǄഐ↔ᛵ 1692 ᒤˈᓧ⟉ⲷᑍ ᓌᝏᝏൠᖃԔˈԔ⌅Ҷᛵ਼‫ݱ‬䇨ѝഭӪ㠚⭡ ൠؑԠཙѫᝏǄቭ㇑㙦こ ՊሩѝഭⲴՐ㔏ᝏ ᝏेᖸᇭᇩˈնᱟᛵ 1715 ᝏⲴⲴᒤ‫ⲷ ˈى‬ᝏ‫ݻ‬䴧㣂ॱацত 䈤ѝഭՐ㔏Ⲵᝏेᱟ ӥᛵᝏ1 ཙѫᝏⲴǄ㘼ᓧ⟉ⲷᑍᛵ 1721 ᒤ ҏ㿹ᗇ㾯ᝏᝏӪ⋑ᴹԆԕᛵᛵ䊑Ⲵ䛓Ѹ઼ᒣˈ

ᇦᓝᝏาᛵѝഭᱟ䶎⌅ⲴˈഐѪᝏᝏᓌ ᇣᙅᖸཊӪ㓿ᑨ 㚊Պˈਟ㜭Պធធ㚊䳶䎧 ᛵᝏᝏᓌⲴᛵ䟿˗ਖаᝏᝏ䶒 ˈᝏᝏᓌҏ ᇣᙅѝ ഭӪՊ㻛ᝏⲷᛵ᧗ˈഐѪѝഭᝏᝏᓌнᛵ䇔 ụ㪲ᛵᝏⲷⲴᵳᛵǄնᱟˈᡁ䇔ѪѝഭӪ 㔝㔗䘈 ᛵ⧠ᛵᛵԕѵᖸӾؑԠཙѫᝏˈቡᝏᱟഐѪᴹ䘉 ṧⲴ ᇦᓝᝏาⲴ ᆈᛵǄᖸཊӪ ‫ڧڧ‬ൠ㚊Պ઼‫ڊ‬ᛵᝏǄᡁ⸕䚃 аӋ‫ٿ‬䘌Ⲵ ߌᶁӾ 400 䜭ᛵ⧠ᛵᛵᒤؑԠཙѫᝏˈ Ӌ䘉 ߌᶁⲴઘത⋑ᴹᖸཊᛵᐲˈᡰԕ∄䖳 ᇩᝏ䚯ᔰᝏᝏᓌⲴ᧗ᛵǄ 䘋Ѹᘾᱟᝏ ѫཙˈѸ䛓‫ޕ‬ѝഭⲴᛵ˛ ཙѫᝏаᔰᛵᱟ㻛㙦こ ՊᑖᛵѝഭⲴˈ䘉 њཆഭ ᇇᝏਇᛵҶѝഭӪⲴ⅒䗾 ˈഐѪԆ ԜᨀᛵҶаӋ 伏⢙ˈ䘈ᝏѝഭӪୡᛵⅼǄ ਟᱟཙѫᝏ઼ѝഭՐ㔏ᝏेᴹањᖸབྷⲴ ߢケ˖ѝഭՐ㔏݂ ᇦ Ⲵᛵ ⌅ሺྭᖸཊᛵⲴ 䀓њаҶᛵᛵӪⲴՊ こ㙦ˈ↔ѪǄᛵ ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

䛓ѸҶ䀓ѝഭˈᡰԕԆᔰᛵᛵ→ཙѫᝏⲴ ՐᛵǄ䲔 ↔ѻཆˈѹ઼ഒ⍫ࣘҏ䈅മ䬢䲔

㚊❖ѝ㖾

ཆഭӪሩѝഭӪⲴᖡᛵˈवᝏᇇᝏᖡᛵǄ ཊᖸˈ䰤ᵏભ䶙 བྷेᝏᛵˈᶕ਼ ؑԠཙѫᝏᝏⲴӪਇᛵҶᝏㄟ

2 Ⲵ↗㿶Ǆ

ᛵ䘉ṧⲴᛵ䘛઼↗㿶лˈཙѫᝏᱟᘾ

ྭਚл䘛ᛵᛵӪཊ䇨ˈᝏᢩ㻛‫ٷ‬㻵ᝏᝏᔳԆ ⲴԜؑԠˈնᱟᝏѝԆԜ䘈ᱟ㔗㔝‫ڧڧ‬ൠ ˈᛵᛵ‫ڧڧ‬ൠⴻ㙦こ ઼ᛵ⇽Ⲵᛵ‫ۿ‬Ǆⴤ1978 ᛵ ᝏᇇ 㹼ᇎᛵᔰഭѝˈᒤؑԠ㠚⭡ᝏᝏ㓿ᴮཊ䇨ˈㆆ‫ٷ‬㻵ᝏ ᝏ

Ѹ㔗㔝ᆈᛵҾѝഭⲴᛵ˛ᴹањᖸྭⲴњ

ᔳؑԠⲴӪᛵ㓧㓧਼ 㔝㔗ˈⅹ䚃ᑍкؑԠཙѫᝏǄ

Ṹቡᱟ“Vincent ᒴ”Ǆ“Vincent ᒴ”ᱟањ

㾱ѸӰѪˈ䰞Պ㜭ਟᛵ‫؍‬ᣔ䘉њᶁᒴ

ҶѪˈᒴᶁሿ‫؍‬ᣔᖃൠⲴᶁ≁ˈ⹄ウ Ӫઈ ⋑ᴹ䈤ᛵᆳⵏ↓Ⲵᛵᆇˈ㘼ਚਛ ᆳ

ⵏ↓Ⲵᛵᆇᛵ˛䛓ᱟഐѪ Vincent ᒴⲴᶁ

“Vincent ᒴ” Ǆ”Vincent”䘉њᛵᆇ ᶕⓀҾ ањਛ

≁ؑԠⲴཙѫᝏᱟᇦᓝᝏาⲴཙѫᝏˈ㘼 ᓌᝏᝏഭѝ❦㲭ǄⲴ⌅䶎ᱟ ഭѝᛵ䘉‫ݱ‬䇨Ӫ ԜؑԠཙѫᝏˈնᱟਚᴹᝏᝏᓌ‫ݱ‬䇨Ⲵᝏ าᝏ

St. Vincent de Paul ⲴӪˈԆᱟ Ⲵᒴᶁњ䘉‫؍‬ᣔ㘵Ǆ䘉њሿᶁᒴѻᡰԕ䟽 н䜭ᆀ ᶁⲴ䘁䱴

ᛵнᒦาᝏᓝᇦˈⲴ⌅ਸᱟᛵ‫ݱ‬䇨㤳തѻ ᓌᝏᝏഭѝǄᛵ‫ݱ‬

ᒴᶁњ䘉Ѫഐᱟˈ㾱ؑԠ ཙѫᝏˈնᱟ Vincent

䇨ⲴཙѫᝏⲴ⢗ᐸ઼ѫᝏнӵнᛵ䇔ụ㪲઼ᛵᝏⲷⲴ㿴㤳ˈ㘼

ᒴⲴት≁তӾ 1552 䜭ⴤаᛵ⧠ᛵᒤؑԠཙѫᝏǄ䘉њ

ф䘉 ⲴาᝏӋؑᗂᗵ享 ᝏᡤ 4 ഭѝ‫ޡ‬ӗ‫ފ‬Ǆਟ ˈ䈍ⲴⲷᝏӾੜᱟ

ᶁᒴ㻛ᛵ⧋ブᖂᛵᛵཙѫᝏˈᛵѹ઼ഒᝏᝏᝏⲴ ᆀ ᶁњ䘉ᛵ

䘈าᝏᓝᇦᱟ‫ڧڧ‬ൠ䐏 ụ㪲ᛵᛵ䇔Ⲵ⢗ᐸ㚊

‫ˈى‬ᶁ≁਼ཆഭⲴߋ䱏ራ

ՊǄ2005 ᒤˈѝഭ ⲷᝏ઼ᓌᝏᝏഭѝ⭡ᱟᝏѫⲴભԫ‫਼ޡ‬ᛵ䇔

≲‫؍‬ᣔǄ䛓њᝏ ‫ˈى‬ҏᴹᶁ≁⭘ᛵ‫؍‬ছᶁ ᝏ

Ⲵˈਟᱟ 2010 ᒤቡԫⲴѫᝏতнᱟᝏⲷ ᛵ䇔

ᒴǄ1900 ᒤˈ Vincent ᒴ㻛ѹ઼ഒതᝏᝏ

ⲴǄਖཆˈѝഭᝏᝏᓌ䘈䙬⵰ᖸཊᛵ䇔 ụ㪲ᛵⲴ⢗ᐸᝏᝏᔳụ㪲

Ҷйњᴸˈਟᱟᒦ⋑ᴹ㻛ᢃ䍕Ǆᛵབྷ䏳䘋

઼ᛵᝏⲷⲴ㿴㤳ˈ ৲ᛵ ᝏ ᓌⲴᝏาǄ䘉Ӌᛵ䇔ụ㪲ᛵⲴ⢗ᐸ

ᝏⲴ‫ˈى‬Vincent ᒴ৸䙷ᛵҶഠ䳮ˈնᱟ

ња˛ᛵ䙷ᖵⲴṧѸӰҶᛵਇֻᆀቡᱟᴰ 䘁

␡㓿ᐢᝏѫཙѪഐˈᵏᝏᝏњ䛓ᛵ‫ޕ‬Ҷᶁ≁ Ⲵᙍ㔤઼ᝏᑨ⭏⍫ѝˈᡰԕ 㲭❦ᝏาਈᡀ

৫цⲴൠлᝏาⲴ⢗ᐸˈԆⲴ㪜ᛵ㻛䆖 ሏⴁ㇑ˈ䘎 аӋ৲ᛵ㪜ᛵⲴӪҏ䜭㻛ᣃҶǄ

≁ትҶ‫ޡ‬ᴹⲴ 佀ᛵˈ⢗ᐸտⲴൠᝏᝏਈᡀҶᝏᛵ‫ޜ‬ᇔˈնᱟᖸཊؑᗂ 䘈ᱟ㔗㔝‫ڧڧ‬ൠᛵ ᇦ䟼ᛵᛵ 3ཊᖸˈᵏᝏᝏભ䶙བྷेᝏǄؑᗂ The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

ᛵⲴṧ䘉ᛵߥлˈѪӰѸѝഭⲴཙѫᝏᝏؑᗂ⇿ᒤ䘈ᱟ䎺ᶕ 䎺ཊ˛ཙѫᝏѪӰѸ 䛓ѸਇѝഭӪⲴ⅒䗾 ˛ᡁⲴᛵ⌅ᱟѝഭӪᝏᝏᇇ⭘ᛵ䈅ቍՊؑԠᶕ䀓 ߣԆԜ⭏⍫кⲴ Ⲵ䰤ѻӪ ᇦ ྭ䆜ˈ仈䰞ߢケ ᡆ㘵䘭 ≲ᡀᛵ ᛵǄ ㅹㅹᛵᛵⲴߌᶁˈᖸཊӪሩߌᛵ⢙ᝏᡀⲴнᛵ ᇊᙗ઼⭏⍫ѝⲴᛵᛵᝏᛵᝏ઼ࣙ ᛵᝏ䘹ԜԆԕᡰˈᆹ нؑ䎵㠚 ❦Ⲵь㾯Ǆ 䘈ᴹањᛵഐቡᱟᡰ䉃 Ⲵ“ؑԠ⯇⌅”ˈ䘉ᝏᱟᝏᝏྭᛵањӪ⭏ᛵҶˈ䘉њᛵӪⲴ䛫 ት ৻ᴻᡆؑԠཙѫᝏˈԆԜՊа䎧ѪᛵӪᛵ

⭏䇽㺘 1. ӥᛵ Ǐxiè dúǐblaspheme; profane 2. ᝏㄟ Ǐwú duānǐfor no reason at all 3. ᛵᛵǏdǎo gàoǐpray 4. ᝏᡤǏyōng dàiǐsupport 5. ᛵᛵǏqí dǎoǐpray 6. ᝏᡰһһǏwú suǒ shì shìǐbe occupied with nothing 7. ᧂ䚓Ǐpái qiǎnǐdivert oneself from loneliness or boredom

ᛵ 5ˈྭᛵᛵӪⲴᛵᛵྭ䖜ˈԆԜቡՊᛵ ؑⲴᑍкሩԜԆҾ⳺ᗇᱟ䘉ؑԠǄᛵᴹӋ ˈᝏᝏൠؑԠ⯇⌅䶎ᑨᛵ䙽ˈབྷᾲⲮᛵѻҍ ѪഐӪⲴॱؑᛵᔰ 㘼⌅⯇ԠؑԠཙѫᝏǄ

哖 ᾧᛵ˄Kelly McCarthy˅

ㅜ йњᛵഐˈᱟഐѪՔᗳǃᇲሎˈᡆ㘵ᝏᡰһһ 6ᛵᔰӪཊᖸˈ㿹ᝏ Ⲵ㲊オǃؑᝏˈᝏᝏᇇ

“㘱ཆᶕҶ”˖⌻ӪᛵѝഭⲴ㓿শ

Ѫ䇔ؑԠՊ㕃䀓䘉Ӌᛵ

ঠ ㅜᆹ㓣བྷ ᆖᐳ励ᝏ亯ᛵṑѝᝏӄᒤ㓗 ˄Indiana University Bloomington˅

㔚Ǆ ᝏѫཙഭѝᒤ⇿ˈ䈤ᶕⲴᙫؑᗂ䎺ᶕ 䎺 ཊᱟᴹᖸཊᛵഐⲴǄᴰѫ㾱Ⲵᛵഐᱟѝ ഭᝏᝏᓌᴰ䘁 ሩᇇᝏᡰᝏⲴ ᇭᇩᘱᓖˈ䘉䇙 ഐᗳᣵ⭘нՇ≁ᝏཊؑԠཙѫᝏ 㘼ਇᢩᛵ 䇴ˈ䇨ཊӪᔰᛵᝏᛵቍ䈅৲ᛵཙѫᝏⲴ⍫ 䀓 ᶕᝏᇇ⭘ᛵԕਟ↔ഐҏӪӋ䘉㘼Ǆࣘᝏߣ⭏⍫ѝⲴᛵᛵ ✖ᚬˈᧂ䚓

7 オ㲊Ⲵᝏ 㿹ˈ

ᛵ䀖᧕ᐡ㠚䇙ҏؑԠ⯇⌅Ǆ ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᝏᒤӺ‫ٷ‬ᡁ৫ेӜᖵҶєњᴸǄᛵҶ ഭ਼ ᆖ ҠҶаԦ 唁

ԕ਼ ˈᡁⲴ

㖾

T ᚔˈ ᛵ T ᚔⲴ↓ 䶒

ᴹањਕ ᆀ䈤˖“㘱ཆᶕҶ”ˈ 䶒㛼ᛵ߉Ⲵᱟ˖“㘱ཆ䎠 Ҷ”ǄᡰᴹⲴ⮉ᆖ ⭏ԕ৺ᡁԜⲴѝഭᴻ৻䜭㿹ᗇ䘉Ԧ T ᚔ ᖸਟ ㅁˈնᡁⲴ਼ ᆖᛵѝഭᑨᑨク Ǆ

㚊❖ѝ㖾

ᝏᴹˈᱟնǄ 仈䰞Ⲵᡁ ㆄ എˈཙ㙺ᡁ‫ˈى‬ ྭᐡ㠚㿹ᝏᡁ‫ۿ‬ᛵࣘ⢙ഝ䟼㻛Ӫ㿲䍿Ǆ⇿ ⅑ᡁ৫ཆ䶒 ˄∄ྭᛵ傜䐟кᡆ㘵ᛵ䎵ᐲ 䟼 ˅ˈᙫᴹᖸཊӪаⴤⴻᡁǄᡁн䴰㾱аᝏԦ䐏ᡁ਼ ᆖ аṧⲴ T ᚔˈབྷ ᇦቡᐢ㓿⸕ 䚃ˈ䘉њ㘱ཆᶕҶǄ 䙊䗷䘉њ㓿শˈᡁ਼⧠н㇑ᡁⲴѝᝏ

ᖃ❦ˈ䘉Ԧ T ᚔⲴᒭ唈ᝏᶕ㠚Ҿ ᆳ Ⲵ“ཊ։ᙗ”ˈഐѪѝഭӪаⴻᛵᡁⲴᴻ৻ ቡ⸕䚃Ԇ㛟ᇊᱟњ 㘱ཆǄԆ䓛儈䎵䗷є㊣ˈ Ⳟ㛔ⲭⲭⲴˈᛵⶋ㬍㬍Ⲵˈཤ਼ 哴哴 ⲴǄ н䴰㾱аԦ T ᚔᛵ䇹ӪԜԆᱟཆഭӪˈ ഐѪབྷ ᇦ䜭ⴻᗇᛵᾊǄ㲭❦Ԇ䈤≹䈝䈤ᗇ

≤ᒣ儈 н 儈ˈᛵѝഭᛵՊ⭏⍫䘈ᱟᥪ䳮ⲴǄ 㲭 ❦ᡁਟ㜭ⵏ↓⡡ѝഭᝏेˈնᱟᝏ⌅ᖃ ॾѝ‫ˈྭݯ‬ᡁⲴཆ㺘֯ᡁᝏ⌅㶽‫ޕ‬ᝏᝏ2 ѝഭ ᛵՊǄ䶒ሩ䘉ṧⲴ䱫ᛵˈཆഭӪᓄ䈕ᘾѸᝏ ᛵᛵ˛ӪԜ⋑ᴹਈ㢢嗉 Ⲵ㜭ᛵˈᡁ⋑ᛵ⌅ 䇙㠚

ᛵҏӪഭѝˈྭᑨ䶎ؑԆ㛟ᇊ нᱟᵜൠӪǄ 䘉ṧⲴ䓛ԭ

ᐡⲴཤ਼ਈᡀ 唁㢢Ⲵˈҏ⋑ᛵ⌅䇙ᡁ Ⲵਓ 丣⎸ཡˈᡆ㘵ᝏਈཆ

䇔਼Ⲵ४ᛵᛵѝഭᖸᝏᱮǄ ਚ㾱нᱟ唁 ཤ਼ 唁ᛵⶋⲴӪ

㺘Ǆ䛓Ѹᡁᓄнᝏᓄ䈕ᝏᝏᔳᆖ Ґѝᝏᛵ˛

䜭Պ੨ᕅӪԜ Ⲵᛵ⨳Ǆн㇑ањ⌻ӪᛵѝഭտҶཊ

਼ ᶕˈտᛵѝഭа⇥ᝏᝏ䰤 ԕ਼ ˈᡁሩ

ᛵњ 䘉

䮯ᝏᝏ䰤ᡆ㘵ཊҐᛵѝഭⲴ 仾؇ˈԆ≨䘌Պ㻛䇔ᝏ

ߥⲴᘱᓖᴹᡰᝏਈǄ㲭❦ѝ㖾єњ ഭ ᇦ Ⲵᐞᔲᖸᝏ ᱮˈնᱟᡁ㿹

ѪᱟཆഭӪǄᡁᴹањྭᴻ৻ˈྭⲴ⡦Ӣᝏᱟ㖾ഭӪˈྭⲴ⇽Ӣᱟ

ᗇᕕਸ

䱯ṩᔧӪˈնྭ㠚 ᐡᛵѝഭᛵ⭏ᒦ䮯བྷǄྭᖸҶ䀓ѝഭᝏेˈ ≹ 䈝䈤ᗇ䐏ѝഭӪаṧˈնᱟྭⲴཆ㺘䘿䵢

㺘ˈ

3 䘉ᝏњᝏ े

呯⋏

4 䶎ᑨ䟽㾱Ǆ䙊䗷ӪԜⲴཆ

ᛵа ᇊ Ⲵ 〻ᓖкˈᡁԜਟԕⴻᛵᾊєњഭ

1 ҶྭⲴ㹰㔏

ǄᛵѝഭӪⲴᛵѝˈྭ≨ 䘌нᱟѝഭӪǄ ਖаᝏᝏ䶒ˈ䘉њཆ㺘Ⲵᐞᛵ䇙䇨ཊ⌻ ӪᛵѝഭⲴ㓿শਈᗇᴹᛵᙍǄ∄ྭ䈤ᡁᛵᝏ

ᇦᛵᛵⲴ४ᛵǄ⌻ӪᛵѝഭⲴ

㓿শ䘈

⋑

䇙

ᡁ⚠ᗳˈഐѪቡ㇇ᱟྭᴻ৻ҏн䴰㾱䮯ᗇ ᖸ‫ۿ‬Ǆ㘱 ཆᶕҶˈ㘼фˈ㘱ཆᢃ㇇䙇⮉

ᝏⲴഭѝ‫ˈى‬ᵜൠӪሩᡁ‫ۿ‬ሩᖵᝏᝏаṧǄ 䇨ཊӪҹ⵰ᛵ䐏ᡁа䎧

⭏䇽㺘

➗ᛵˈᖸ✝ᛵൠ䐏

1. 䘿䵢Ǐtòu lùǐreveal

5 алǄ

The University of Iowa

㚊❖ѝ㖾

2. 㶽‫ޕ‬Ǐróng rùǐintegrate into 3. ᕕਸǏmí héǐbridge; patch 4. 呯⋏Ǐhóng gōuǐwide gap 5. 䙇⮉Ǐdòu liúǐlinger

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

ᛵ

ᝏⲴᛵᐕ৫ཡཛиᛵԕᡰ‫ˈى‬н㇑Ԇ઼ᛵ ᆀᝏᛵཊྭˈᛵᆀ䐏

ՊᑖᶕଚӋᛵՊ䰞仈˛

ᆙᆀ ҏ䶎ᗇᛵᔰᇦ нᝏਟǄ䘉ṧⲴᛢᛵ⧠ᛵᛵ㖾ഭ

ᆹ⇵ (Elihu Estridge˅ ⢩‫ޠ‬㾯⌅ቬӊབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏҼᒤ㓗

䙀⑀ཊ䎧ᶕҶǄ ᛵᛵᛵབྷǃѝഭǃ⌅ഭǃᗧഭᡆ㘵ᛵ

(Transylvania University)

Ⲵൠᝏᝏˈᛵ

ᴰ䘁ˈ㾱ᱟᛵⴻᝏ䰫ˈᛵՊⴻᛵаӋ ᣕ䚃䈤“䘉њᴹᛵⲴӪ䐏䛓њᴹᛵⲴӪᛵ

Ҷ”Ǆᛵ

㖾ഭˈᝏ䇪ᱟᛵӪ䘈ᱟᛵ䙊Ӫˈ 䘉ṧⲴһ䜭䎺ᶕ䎺 ཊǄа㡜ᶕ䈤ˈᛵ

⢩ᝏᛵнྭǄᴹⲴӪ䇔Ѫ㾱ᱟᛵ

䜭ᱟᖸབྷⲴ䰞仈 Ǆ਼ᝏˈнᝏ䇪

ӰѸഭ ᇦˈྭྭⲴൠս䜭ᛵᨀ儈 Ǆ䛓Ѹˈ ѸӰᴹ

ᛵ䐏儈ᨀⲴսൠྭྭ‫ޣ‬㌫ᛵ˛䘉㾱

ⴻн਼ⲴᛵᖒǄྭྭൠսⲴᨀ儈ᱟྭһˈ 㘼ᛵ

䰞仈Ǆ

ഭӪⲴ䚃 ᗧ≤ᒣቡՊл䱽

н ᆀᆙሩ

нᱟ⢩

ᛵ䚃⸕䜭

Ԝᡁ‫ޜ‬ᒣǄঅӢ

ᛵྭˈնᱟ㖾ഭӪⲴ 䚃 ᗧ≤ᒣ઼ᛵ

ᙫⲴᶕ䈤

нᱟྭһˈᡰԕྭᛵᡁԜ 䀓Ⲵߣᛵ⌅нਸ䘲ˈቡᴹਟ㜭䙐ᡀᴤབྷ

ⲴӪ䎺ᶕ䎺 ཊⲴ䈍ˈ㖾

Ǆ 㲭❦ᛵ

⋑ཚ བྷ‫ޣ‬㌫

ᇦᓝⲴ ᆙᆀᴹਟ㜭 ਇᛵՔ ᇣˈ㘼ф䮯བྷԕ

Ǆᡁ䇔Ѫоަ 䈤ᱟᛵ

਼ ӗ⭏ᗳ⨶䰞仈 Ⲵਟ 㜭

ӪᝏⲴᛵᛵ ሬ㠤㖾ഭӪⲴ

ᙗҏᖸབྷǄ䛓ᡁԜ 䈕

䚃ᗧ≤ᝏᒣл䱽ˈнྭ䈤ᱟ ഐ Ѫ㖾ഭⲴᛵՊ䰞仈ᴰ 䘁䎺ᶕ䎺ཊǄ ᐞнཊॱᒤᛵᔰᛵˈ㖾ഭⲴ㓿⍾ਈᗇ ণӪᐕഭ㖾

ᓄ‫ڊ‬ӰѸᛵ˛ᡁԜ ᓄ䈕ᆖ Ґ䈱Ⲵ㓿傼˛ 䘉 њަᴹ⧠ԓᙗⲴ䰞仈䶎ᑨ䟽㾱ˈնᱟլ Ѿаⴤ⋑ᴹᖸྭⲴ 䀓 ߣᛵ⌅ǄᡁᐼᵋᡁԜ ሶᶕ㜭ᢺ䘉њ䰞仈䀓 ߣྭˈᛵᛵ

ཊᖸǄྭнᖃᛵ֯ቭᴰབྷⲴࣚᝏ

㖾ഭнਟ

ᛵ৫ᐕᛵˈҏཡ৫ҶԆԜⲴᐕᛵǄᴹӋ ᇦ ᆼ к⍾㓿㜭㔗㔝㑱㦓 ᛵᆀᆙ ઼ ᆀᛵᓝ‫ޘ‬ᛵ䶐

2 л৫Ǆ

1 иཛˈᝏ

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

⭏䇽㺘

ѪሩᡁഭⲴѕ䟽ေ 㛱Ǆ” ᡁ㠚䀰㠚䈝ൠ䈤˖“䘉

1. ᛵ䶐Ǐ yī kàoǐdepend on; rely on

ˈହ‫ؙ‬ഭ ᇦⵏᝏ਼ ᆖ Ԝᔰᛵ❖ᙕൠᝏ㠚ᐡⲴਓ㺻ᛵᛵ

2. 㑱㦓Ǐ fán róngǐthriving ǉ、ᢰ⎸ཡⲴ䛓аཙǊ

ᵪǄᡁᝏᝏ䗩Ⲵ ᆖᛵ㝡ਓᛵਛҶ༠˖“ᱟⵏ

䴧䴷ᆷ˄Westin Leavitt˅ ᶘⲮ㘠 བྷ ᆖ ѝᝏйᒤ㓗

ⲴʽᡁԜ䜭⋑ᴹ䇟ਧҶʽᘾѸᛵʽ” ᛵⴻቡᝏᝏᓺ䎠ᛵ䐁ᡁ‫ޘ‬ṑⲴ਼ ᆖ䜭਼

˄Brigham Young University˅

“⛩ᘛˈᝏཙ‫ݯ‬ʽṑ䖖ᘛᛵҶǄ”ྭ ᖸྭǄᛵᛵᖸ丣 ༠Ⲵྭ‫ޣ‬ᗳᡁˈ㲭❦‫ڦ‬ቄ ᴹӋᛵਘ 1Ǆ “ྭⲴǄᡁᘛл৫Ҷˈ↓ᛵᛵᛵᵪǄ 㾱ᱟ ⋑ᴹᛵᵪቡ⋑⌅к䈮ᛵ!”ᡁ ウㄏᢺᛵ ᵪђᛵᡯ䰤䘈 ௌ

⣲ҶǄᴹⲴ਼ ᆖ ഐѪᖸѵ⋑ᴹоԆӪᴹᛵ ӔჂփѻཆⲴӂࣘˈᔰᛵнҐᛵоԆӪ䇢䈍 ҶǄഐ↔ԆԜਚᝏ⭘ᛵᶑ㓨оԆӪ⋏䙊Ǆ ᴹⲴ ᆖ⭏ᛵᆖ ṑᗳ⨶ᛵ䈒ᇔ Ⲵ䰘ਓᧂ䮯嗉 ㅹ⵰ᵪՊ 䈸⋑ᴹ、ᢰӗ૱Ⲵ ᛵ 3Ǆ䛓Ӌ ‫ۿ‬ᡁаṧᝏ䇪ᛵଚ‫ˈݯ‬䓛

⅒㠚ራ✖ᚬ 2Ǆ”䘉ᝏᝏˈᡁ㓸Ҿᛵ䰘ਓ

Ⲵᛵ₡䟼ᛵᛵᛵᵪҶǄ“ྭྭʽᛵᛵᛵᵪ Ҷˈ傜 кᶕҶʽ” ྭᝏ⵰ཤ䈤˖“ᛵԜ⧠ᛵⲴ䶂ቁᒤᡀ ཙቡ⊹⎨ᛵ㲊ᝏⲴц⭼䟼ʽ”

ᱟᛵᡯҶᛵ˛ᡁធធᛵᛵൠ 䎠лᾬˈᛵ⵰Җवᛵᙘ⵰Ǆ ᛵҶᛵᡯቡੜᛵ⭥㿶кⲴᝏ䰫ѫᛵ䈤˖ “ˈ〠䜘䱢ഭ‫״‬㖇ᝏӺᝏⲴߋһ⍫ࣘ㻛㿶

кᙫᗇᑖ⵰ᛵᵪ ᆹᴹ⋑ᗇ㿹䜭ҏ❦ケˈӪⲴ‫ޘ‬ᝏ Ǆᘛਇнᝏ ҶҶʽ ᛵᆖ ṑᗽਇᛵഋ⛩䫏਼ ˈᡁᛵ䗵䙏䎦 എ ᇦ Ǆаᢃᔰ⭥㿶ˈᛵⴻྭᛵᐤ傜ᙫ㔏↓ ᛵᆹ ហ≁Շ˖“䙊䇟㌫㔏ᐢᚒ༽ᛵ↓ᑨ䘀 ᛵⲴ⣦ᘱǄ”

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

⸝਼ྭ߶↓ᡁˈк䖖ṑᛵؑ㔉ᴻ৻ᝏᝏˈᝏ਼⧠਼нᛵ৫Ǆ ケ

ᛵ䎆Ǐyī làiǐrely on; depend on

❦ˈањ᧕ањൠˈ਼ ᆖ Ԝ䜭ㄉ䎧ᶕˈ㍗ᕐൠ䰞ᝏᛵ аᧂⲴ਼ ᆖᴹ ‫؍‬ᣔ勘劬

⋑ᴹ䇟ਧ——❦ㄏᛵ㔃‫ޘ‬䖖䜭⋑ᴹ䇟ਧʽ а䘋ᝏᇔˈ㘱

࿉ỻ˄Madison Lyn Boden˅ ᇶⅷṩᐎ・

ᐸቡᖸѕ㚳ൠ ᇓᐳ˖ Ā‫ޘ‬ഭⲴ䙊䇟㌫㔏䜭ѝᝏҶǄᙫ㔏

བྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗

䈤ˈ䘉ᝏᱟ䶒ተⲴҡᛵњ‫״‬㖇ᝏⲴ 唁ᇒᝏᝏᛵᡰ㠤Ǆā ᡁྭ䟺䟽䍏

˄Michigan State University˅

4 ൠᶮҶаਓ≄ˈሩྭྭ

ᡁᴰௌ

䈤˖“Ӿ䘉⅑Ⲵ㓿傼ˈᡁ਼⧠ቭ㇑、ᢰሩ ц⭼Ⲵ਼ኅॱᛵ䟽㾱ˈն䘈ᱟн㜭ཚ䗷ᛵ 䎆 5Ǆ”ᘭ❦ˈཆ䶒ᴹᒶᛵⲴ༠ 丣 ˈ䘈ᴹ 䖖䖶ஷਝⲴ༠ 丣 ǄᡁⲴᛵᵪнᝏൠᛵ⵰⸝ ؑⲴ䙊 ⸕ˈ‫ۿ‬ᱟᛵㅹ⵰ᡁⲴഎ༽Ǆᡁ・ᛵ

⅒Ⲵࣘ⢙ᱟ勘劬 Ǆᡁ㿹ᗇ勘劬

∄ᛵⲴࣘ⢙䞧ᗇཊˈԆԜ৸བྷ৸┲Ӟˈҏ ᖸᴹᛵᙍǄṩᦞᡁⲴ⹄ ウˈԆԜ⑨⌣⑨ᗇ 䶎ᑨᘛˈԆԜҏᴹᖸཊ৸བྷ৸ቆⲴ⢉喯 Ǆ ⎧⌻ѝᴹ 400 ཊᛵ勘劬 ǄަѝवᝏWhale

ᦰᔰҖवᛵᛵᛵᵪˈᛵ⸕䚃ަԆӪᛵ䘉⇥ ‫ۿ‬ᛵ⢒аṧ⋑ᴹ䙊

Sharkˈᆳᱟൠ⨳кᴰབྷⲴ 劬ˈ䟽䟿䗮ᛵ Ҷҍзᛵ

䇟Ⲵᝏᝏ䰤䟼ਇҶӰѸ 㤖 Ǆ ⴻᆼᛵᵪˈᡁ䎦㍗ Ӿᛵᡯ䐁

ʽᡁᴰௌ

⅒Ⲵ 勘劬ᱟ

HammerheadˈഐѪ ᆳ ⲴཤⲴᖒ⣦ᖸྭᙚǄ кᾬˈк㝨ҖǄ 䘉ᝏᝏˈᡁⴻྭྭᛵ↓ㄉᛵᛵᡯ䟼ⷚ⵰ᡁˈ а 䗩ᝏᝏ⵰ཤˈа䗩㤖ㅁ Ǆ

⭏䇽㺘 1.

ᛵਘ Ǐláo dāoǐbe garrulous

㠚ራ✖ᚬǏzì xún fán nǎoǐbring trouble

on oneself 3.

ᛵǏkǒng jùǐfear;dread

ྭ䟺䟽䍏Ǐrú shì zhòng fùǐtake a great

load off his mind

ྭᛵᛵௌ

⅒ⴻ ᙆ⭥ᖡˈᛵਟ㜭ⴻ䗷

ǉJawsǊ,ǉDeep Blue SeaǊˈᡆ㘵ǉSoul SurferǊǄ䘉Ӌ⭥ᖡ䜭ᖸᴹᛵˈቔަᱟ ǉJawsǊˈਟᱟᆳ ԜⲴᝏһަᇎ䜭ᱟнⵏ ᇎ ⲴǄഐѪᡁԜⴻ䘉ṧⲴ⭥ᖡˈᡰԕнቁ Ӫ㿹ᗇ勘劬˄⭥ᖡѝᴰབྷⲴ∄ᛵᆹ˅ᱟᴰ нྭǃᴰਟᙅⲴ 劬 ǄਖཆˈнቁӪ㿹ᗇྭ ǃ⌣⑨⌻⎧৫ԜԆᛵߢ⎚ˈᡆ㘵ᦅ 劬 Պᖸ ড䲙Ǆ䲔Ҷ⭥ᖡԕཆˈჂփҏՊሩцӪ ᇓ Ր The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

Ⲵ㔏Րᖸњаᱟ劬勘⤾ᦅˈѝे‫ˈ⌅ڊ‬⢩ ᛵᱟᛵ㖾ഭⲴ㾯䜘઼ѝഭ˄ഐѪᖸཊѝഭ Ӫտᛵ㖾ഭⲴ㾯䜘˅ǄѝഭӪ⡡ਲ਼ 勘劬㚹ˈ ⢩ᛵᱟ勘劬 Ⲵ 勽 1ǄѝഭӪᴹањՐ㔏㨌ˈ 勽劬勘⭘ᱟ‫ˈⲴڊ‬ਛ“勘劬勽⊔”Ǆ䘉њ㨌䶎ᑨ䍥 ˈᡰԕᑨᑨᛵ 䈤⎧⌻ᱟањ䶎ᑨড䲙ⲴൠᝏᝏˈഐѪབྷ 勘劬 Պਲ਼ӪǄ䘉њⴻ⌅нሩˈһ ᇎᚠᚠᛵ ᛵǄ

ᛵᡆ㘵ᖸ䟽㾱Ⲵ㢲ᝏᝏਲ਼Ǆྭᛵᛵਲ਼ᗇ

䎧䘉њᴰ䍥Ⲵ⊔ˈԓ㺘 ᛵᴹᖸཊ䫡Ǆᡰԕ䈤ˈ䘉䚃㨌 ᛵѝഭҏᱟ ањ䍒ᇼ Ⲵ䊑ᖱǄնᱟˈ㲭❦䘉⊔ԧṬᖸ 䍥ˈնᱟણ䚃䶎ᑨнྭʽᡁੜ䈤勘劬勽 Ⲵ

勘劬ᒦн䘭⤾Ӫ㊫ǄަᇎˈӪሩ勘劬 ∄勘劬ሩӪᚦᛵཊҶǄ∄ྭ䈤ˈᛵᴹⲴᝏ 䚃ણ‫ۿ‬ກᝏаṧʽ ᡁ㿹ᗇˈ 勘劬ᓄ䈕ᇣᙅӪ㊫ˈ 㘼Ӫ㊫ нᓄ䈕ᙅ勘劬 Ǆᡁ⸕䚃ˈ⇿њ༿ྭཙ 䜭ᴹӪ 㻛勘劬 ᛵՔˈਟᱟ䘉нᱟ勘劬 Ⲵ䭉䈟Ǆᖸ ཊӪᒦн⸕䚃ԆԜ༴ᛵ勘劬ትտⲴ≤ฏǄᝏ ઼ӪⲴ⌣⑨ˈཆਖߢ⎚ⲴӪ ⴻ䎧ᶕᖸ‫ۿ‬勘劬 Ⲵ⤾⢙ 3Ǆᛵਟԕᣛ⵰㗊㖺ⲴⳞ

䶐䘁аᝏ ਚ⤞ᆀ ਼˛ᖃ❦н㹼 ˈഐѪ ᆳ Պਲ਼Ҷ ᛵʽ ᛵᛵє䘉

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳 57

ⲭᝏнԜӪѸӰѪߥަᇎ ᱟаഎ 勘劬勽 нն䶎ᑨ䳮ਲ਼ˈ⤾ᵰ 勘劬 Ⲵᝏᝏ ⌅ҏᱟᖸ↻䞧ⲴǄѝഭ઼㖾ഭⲴаӋᦅ 劬

һ˛㘼фо㵌㴲ᛵ∄ˈ勘劬 н㇇ᱟ㓿ᑨᛵ ӪⲴࣘ⢙Ǆ䘉ṧⴻᶕˈ㵌㴲∄勘劬 ᴤড䲙ʽ 㵌㴲ՔⲴӪ∄勘

ᝏⲴ 劬勘䫃㘵‫ˈى‬Պ⭘аᢺᖸབྷⲴᛵˈᝏᝏᝏ勘劬 Ⲵ 勽 Ǆ❦਼ ˈᦅ劬 ᵰⲴӪཊʽ ᛵՊփ㜭䈕ᓄԜᛵˈᛵ⧠‫؍‬ᣔ勘劬 Ⲵ Ѹᘾ䈕

劬 Ӫᢺ勘劬 Ⲵ䓛փ ђഎ⎧⌻䟼Ǆਟᱟаᶑ 勘劬⋑ᴹҶ 勽ˈቡᝏᝏ⌅⑨⌣ǃн㜭બ੨ˈᴰ਼ Պ⓪↫ 2Ǆ 勘劬ᒦ⋑㻝ᛵ

䚃⸕н䘈㜭ਟᛵᱟਟˈᙗ㾱䟽‫؍‬ᣔ ᇎަǄ 劬勘‫؍‬ᣔ勘劬ᖸㆰঅˈྭᛵᛵ㜭ᝏ‫ڊ‬ԕਟቡᛵѸ䛓ˈᛵһԦᛵ䘉䶒

ӪˈਟᱟԆԜত䚝ਇᛵᦅ 劬 Ӫ

лᛵ‫؍‬ᣔаᝏᶑᡆᖸཊᶑ 勘劬 Ⲵ⭏ભǄ а˅Ҷ䀓勘劬 ↻ᗽⲴ⤾ᵰǄ ਼ᝏˈ勘劬ሩ⎧⌻Ⲵ⧟ຳ ᴹྭ༴ˈᡰ ԕ⤾ᵰ 勘劬 Պᑖᶕѕ䟽 Ⲵ਼ ᛵǄഐѪ 勘劬 ᛵ伏⢙䬮Ⲵ 亦ㄟ

ʽཊཊ ᆖ Ґˈᛵ㜭ᴤཊ ѸᘾˈᱟնǄ䀓Ҷൠ‫ڊ‬ᛵ˛ᛵਟԕⴻањ ਛǉ 勘劬ᝏ ᵏǊⲴ⭥㿶㢲ⴞǄǉ 勘劬ᝏᵏǊ ᴹнቁᖸᴹᛵᙍⲴ 勘劬ᝏ

ˈᡰԕԆԜਲ਼ᴤሿⲴ 劬 ઼

䰫⡷Ǆਖཆˈᛵ ਟԕ৫≤ᝏ侶ˈ≤ᝏ侶 Ⲵሬ⑨Պ㔉ᛵӻ㓽

ᛵⲴ⎧⌻ࣘ⢙˄ӪнᱟԆԜⲴ⤾⢙˅Ǆྭᝏᛵ勘劬 нਲ਼䘉

ǃѸӰਲ਼ԜԆᛵ䇹ᛵˈ劬勘‫ڊ‬ӰѸ ㅹㅹ Ǆ

Ӌ⎧⌻ࣘ⢙ˈ⎧⌻ࣘ⢙Պ䎺 ᶕ䎺ཊǄᴰ㓸ˈਲ਼Ⲵь㾯䎺ᶕ䎺 ቁˈഐѪ ⋑ᴹࣘ⢙Պਲ਼ᴤሿⲴࣘ⢙ˈ❦਼ 䘉њࣘ⢙

ྭᛵᛵᛵаᶑ 勘劬ᖸ䘁ˈᛵՊⴻ㿱勘劬┲ᝏᡁǄ 喯

⢉઼㛔ⳞⲴӞ‫؍‬䇱ᛵаⴻ㿱ᆳ Ԝቡ Պਲ਼ަԆᛵⲴࣘ⢙Ǆྭᛵ⎧⌻⋑ᴹᴰབྷⲴ 㠚❦ཙᝏˈ㌫㔏ቡՊཡ৫ᒣ㺑 Ǆਖཆˈ⇿ ⅑аᶑ 勘劬⭏ᇍᇍˈਚ⭏ањᡆєњ ᇍᇍ Ǆ Պ⡡к ᆳ Ԝʽ ഐ↔ˈྭᛵᵰ↫ᖸཊ 勘劬ˈ勘劬 Ⲵᝏ䟿ቡ ᖸ䳮ᛵᨀ儈 Ǆ

Ҽ˅н 勘劬勽⊔ʽྭᛵᝏ ᛵⴻᛵа ᇦ 依侶ᴹ

勘劬勽⊔ˈቡᛵ৫䛓ᇦ依侶ʽ㾱ᱟ 䛓ᇦ依侶ᝏᝏᦅᵰ 勘劬ˈቡнᓄ䈕䇙ԆԜ ᥓᛵᛵⲴ䫡Ǆ䘈ᴹˈ৫ѝഭǃᝏᵜǃ㖾ഭᝏᝏᝏⲴ䜘㾯‫ˈى‬ᛵҠ 勘劬㚹ʽᙫ㘼䀰ѻˈ䇙

ᛵ˅й‫ޕ‬ањ 勘劬‫؍‬ᣔഒփʽ㖾ഭǃ ⅗⍢઼ѝഭᴹᖸཊⲴ䘉ṧⲴഒփˈԆԜᴹ

ᛵⲴᴻ৻Ԝн㾱勘劬勽⊔ᡆਲ਼ 勘劬㚹ʽ

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

Ⲵਛ Shark Alliance ᡆ Shark Savers ӰѸ

⭏䇽㺘

ⲴǄ

1. 勽 Ǐqíǐfin ྭӺ㲭❦ᦅᵰ 勘劬䘈ᛵ㔗㔝ˈնᱟᴹ ൠཊᴤᛵᔰ㓿

ᐢᝏᝏൠⲴ‫؍‬ᣔ勘劬ˈ⢩ᛵᱟ ᛵ㖾ഭǃ⅗⍢઼ᛵᛵབྷǄ䘁ᒤᶕˈ 䘉єњ 劬勘 Ⲵ ᇦ ഭ‫؍‬ᣔᛵᝏᝏ䎺ᶕ䎺ཊǄ∄ྭ䈤ˈ ᛵᛵᐎˈᝏᝏᓌӪઈ䜭нਟԕҠআ 勘劬㚹઼ ᛵ㘼Ǆ 勽

2. ⓪↫Ǐnì sǐǐdrown 3. ⤾⢙Ǐliè wùǐprey 4. 㔤ᣔǏwéi hùǐsave; maintain 5. ԓ䀰ӪǏdài yán rénǐspokesman 6. ཙᝏǏtiān díǐnatural enemy

劬勘‫؍‬ᣔ勘劬ᝏᝏ䶒‫ڊ‬ᗇᴰнྭⲴ ഭ ᇦᱟѝഭǄ ѝഭӪ䟽㿶ᛵՊൠսˈᖸཊѝഭӪ㿹 ຳ ⧟ᗇ‫؍‬ᣔ⋑ᴹᛵՊൠս䟽㾱ǄѪҶ㔤ᣔ 4 㠚ᐡⲴᛵ Պൠսˈ㔉ᛵӪ⮉лањᖸྭ Ⲵঠ䊑ˈԆԜՊ䘹ᝏᛵ

ᛵкਲ਼ᖸ䍥Ⲵ㨌ˈ ∄ྭ䈤勘劬

Ǆ㘼фˈѝഭⲴᝏᝏᓌнᛵѾ 勘劬‫؍‬ᣔ䘉њ䰞仈 Ǆн䗷 ˈ㲭❦ѝഭᝏᝏᓌнᝏᛵѾˈᴹӋѝഭᛵӪ䘈ᱟᖸᛵѾⲴǄ∄ྭ 䈤ညᝏ——ѝഭᴰᴹᛵⲴ㈞⨳䘀ࣘઈˈԆ 䈤кᛵᒯ㿶 ⭥ᛵᑨᑨ‫؍‬ᣔ勘劬ᖸ䟽㾱Ǆᛵᝏᱟᝏညˈഭѝ‫؍‬ᣔ勘劬 Ⲵԓ 䀰Ӫ 5Ǆ ᙫⲴᶕ䈤ˈഐѪᡁ⡡勘劬ˈᡰԕᡁᛵ ‫؍‬ᣔᆳ ԜǄ ᆳ Ԝнնᖸ┲Ӟǃᖸᴹᛵᙍˈ 㘼 фሩ⧟ຳ ᴹྭ༴ǄަᇎˈӪԜн៲ 勘劬 Ǆ ӪԜн⸕䚃勘劬ᒦнᱟൠ⨳ᴰབྷⲴ㠚❦ཙᝏᝏᝏ6ˈӪ㊫㠚 ᐡᛵᱟᛵʽྭᛵᡁԜҶ䀓勘劬ˈнҠ 勘劬㚹ᡆ㘵勘劬勽ˈ⎧⌻䟼Ⲵ 勘劬 Պ䎺ᶕ䎺ཊʽ

ӊ 傜䘺Ⲵ“㵌㴲”઼ᛵᛵ⌒⢩Ⲵ⥛ཤ 咠 ᛵᓧ⩚(Kate Lowry) ᴬ㦧㧢ᆖ䲒 ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

ഭѝ ㅹᛵᐲⲴᘛ䙂䴰≲Ǆ ᆳ Ⲵᛵ䟽㤳തᱟᛵ

˄Mount Holyoke College˅

2.3 ‫ޜ‬ᝏԕᛵ˄ӊ 傜䘺 86% ᗇ㧧ԜӪҶਈᝏ㖁㚄ӂؑᛵ઼䍝⢙Ⲵ ᝏᔿǄԕᛵӪԜᛵᵲᘇкᛵራௌ

Ⲵ䇒অ䜭ᛵ䘉њᛵ䟽㤳തѻᛵ˅Ǆ⭡Ҿ䘉 ᛵᘛ

⅒Ⲵ㺓ᴽˈ

䙂ᵪ ᆹ㻵⵰ GPS ㌫㔏ˈᡰԕ ᆳ㜭ᘛ 䙏㘼߶ᛵ

৫୶ᓇ䍝⢙ˈᡆ㘵ᢃ⭥䈍䇒ᘛ佀˗ਟᱟ⧠ ᛵˈ䎺ᶕ䎺

ൠሶव㼩ᣅ䙂ᛵⴞⲴൠǄ 亮ᇒ Ӿ ⛩ᛵ“䍝

ཊⲴӪᛵ㖁к䍝⢙Ǆᛵѝഭˈ 㖁㔌䍝⢙ҏᖸ⍱㹼ˈ∄ྭ

Ҡ”ᛵᝏᛵव㼩ਚ㾱йॱᛵ䫏Ǆнᝏ䘺傜 ӊˈ䗷‫ޜ‬ਨ

䈤ᖃᖃ㖁ǃ␈ᇍ 㖁ㅹ Ǆ㘼ᡁ㠚ᐡҏ㓿ᑨᛵӊ 傜䘺䘈ᗇ‫ڊ‬ᖸཊ ᆹ‫⍻ޘ‬䈅ˈᛵ 㜭㧧ਆ㖾ഭ㚄䛖㡚オ

㖁ㄉ к䍝 ⢙Ǆӊ 傜䘺(Amazon.com)ᱟц⭼кᴰབྷ

㇑⨶ተ(FAA)Ⲵᢩ߶Ǆ ‫ޜ‬ਨᙫ㻱䍍㍒亴䇑䘉ᛵ

ᛵ୶ᆀ⭥Ⲵ‫ޜ‬ਨǄ㖁㔌䍝⢙ሩབྷ ᆖ⭏ᖸᝏᝏ

ᴽᛵਟ㜭Պᛵഋӄ ᒤ਼ ᧘ᛵǄ

ᛵˈഐѪབྷ ᆖ⭏⋑ᴹᝏᝏ䰤ᛵ৫䍝⢙Ǆ⭘ӊ 傜䘺

ᝏᛵ䘉‫Ⲵޤ‬䍗⢙䘀䗃ᝏᝏᔿሩᛵՊՊᴹ 俆

ˈᆖ⭏ਟԕᛵമҖ 侶 а䗩ᆖ Ґˈа䗩

Ǆᛵᖡཊᖸ‫ˈݸ‬ᆳ ਟԕᛵቁ䍗䘀ᛵ䖖Ⲵ 䴰≲ˈնᱟҏ䇨

ᛵ㖁кҠь㾯Ǆ ⧠ᛵˈӊ 傜䘺ᑨ⭘Ⲵ䘱䍗ᝏᝏᔿᱟᛵ䖖䘀䘱ˈ䬰ᛵ 㖁㔌वᝏ◣བྷᛵӊǃ⅗⍢઼े

㖾 Ǆ 䬰ᛵⲴӗ૱वᝏᛵᛵ

ᛵṧⲴ୶૱ˈ∄ᝏ ྭ 伏 ૱ǃ㺓ᴽǃҖ ㅹㅹ Ǆնᱟˈ䘉ᛵᝏᝏᔿ ᴹаӋ䰞仈 Ǆ∄ྭ䈤ˈ䘱䍗䙏ᓖ∄䖳ធˈᝏᝏᝏⲴᴹф㘼‫ى‬䘈 Պ 䘱䭉 Ǆᛵ

2013 ᒤ⿻ཙˈ

ӊ 傜䘺 ⹄਼

Պ䙐ᡀ オ ѝӔ䙊Ⲵᛵᛵ 2Ǆ ަ⅑ˈഐѪ ᆳ⭘⭥ᛵˈᡰԕ ᆳ∄䍗䘀ᛵ䖖 ⧟‫؍‬Ǆᡁᛵؑˈ䘉ᛵᘛ䙏㘼⧟‫Ⲵ؍‬䘀䗃ᝏᝏⲴཊ䎺ᶕ䎺 ᕅ੨Պሶᔿ‫ޜ‬ਨᛵ‫ޕ‬ᛵ䘉њᘛ 䙂ᐲ൪Ⲵ ㄎ ҹѝˈ⭘ᗞරᝏӪᵪ䘱ᘛ佀 ᡆ

Ҷањᵪ ᇶ“↖ಘ”——ᗞර ᴹᵪӪᝏᛵ 䘉ǄᵪӪᝏ‫ޛ‬ᛵ㘬 ˈቡ‫ۿ‬㵌㴲 Ⲵ㗵㞰ˈᡰԕ ᆳ Ⲵ㔠ਧਛ“㵌㴲”Ǆᡁ㔉ᆳ ਛˈᆇᛵњаҶਆ‫“ڊ‬㵌㴲ᘛ䙂ᵪ”Ǆ“㵌㴲ᘛ䙂ᵪ”Ⲵ 伎㹼䐍ᛵᱟ

16 ‫ޜ‬䟼 ˈᡰԕสᝏ ᵜਟԕ┑ 䏣㖾

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

ᢰ、Ⲵᛵ઼䘺傜 ӊ䐏ҶѪǄ⢙䍗රሿ‫ޜ‬ਨ 䙂ᘛⲴරབྷˈҹ

ᛵ⸕䚃 ᛵᛵ⌒⢩Ⲵ

ㄎ‫ޜ‬ਨˈ∄ྭ UPS ᡆ

⥛ཤ 咠 ਼˛

Fedexˈਟ㜭ҏՊ਼ኅԆԜ㠚ᐡⲴབྷරᝏ

⇿ཙᝏкˈ

Ӫᵪᶕ ᆼ ᡀᣅ䙂ᴽᛵǄ⭡↔ਟ㿱ˈҏ䇨ሶ

ᛵਚ⥛ཤ 咠

ᶕ UPS ઼ Fedex Ⲵ‫ޜ‬䐟䘀䗃ᴽᛵቡн༽ ᆈᛵҶǄ

Պ䘱ᶕ䛞ԦǄ、ᢰ䇙ㄕ䈍ਈᡀҶ⧠ᇎ Ǆቭ

ਖаᝏᝏ䶒ˈቭ㇑ᝏӪᵪᣅ䙂䶎ᑨᛵᦧ

ᛵᱟ䘈ᡁˈㄟᔺӋаᛵᆈ ᵪӪᝏ㇑ؑᒦᵏ Պᵪ䙂ᘛ㴲㵌

3ˈնতਟ㜭Պ䇙བྷᢩⲴ䍗䘀ᛵ䖖ਨᵪཡ

ъǄ∄䎧

ԕᛵⲴӪˈ⧠ԓⲴӪᛵ৫⍫ࣘⲴ 䎺ᶕ䎺ቁҶˈ㘼䘉њ਼ᝏᛵՊ䇙 Ӫᴤ᠂Ǆ 㘼фˈ䘉亩 ਼ᝏሩᖃൠ୶ᇦ ҏᖸнᛵˈഐ Ѫᖃൠ୶ᇦᛵ⭘ᡧᖸ䘁ˈᡰԕ⭘ᡧਟԕᝏᝏ ᛵǃᘛᦧൠ৫䘉Ӌ୶ᇦ Ҡᛵь㾯˗ਟᱟ⧠ ᛵᝏӪᵪⲴᘛ䙂䙏ᓖਆԓҶ䘉њՈ࣯ ˈᡰ ԕᝏӪᵪⲴ᧘ᒯਚՊᛵᛵഭ䱵䳶ഒⲴ 䬰ᛵ 仍 Ǆ ㅜ йˈ㖾ഭⲴаӋӪ䇔Ѫ㖾ഭ㚄䛖㡚オ㇑⨶ተⴤ2020 ᛵ ᛵՊᢩ߶

4 ୶ᛵᗞර

⵰ᖵ‫ۿ‬ᛵᛵ⌒⢩Ⲵ⥛ཤ 咠 аᝏṧˈਆԓՐ㔏Ⲵᘛ䙂ᝏᝏᔿǄ 䘉ᛵᘛᦧǃ⧟ ‫؍‬ǃᝏᝏᛵⲴᝏරՐ䙂ᝏᝏᔿሶՊᝏਈӪ㊫⧠ ᴹⲴՐ䙂䛞Ԧ઼䍗⢙䘀䗃ⲴᝏᝏᔿǄ ৲㘳䍴ᝏ: 1. Amazon.com 2. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone ⭏䇽㺘 1. ⹄਼Ǐyán fāǐresearch and develop 2. ᛵᛵǏdǔ sèǐblock up; stop up

ⲴᵪӪᝏ֯⭘ǄഐѪᝏӪᵪሩ伎 ᵪⲴ オ ѝ 伎㹼

3. ᛵᦧǏbiàn jiéǐconvenient

઼ӪԜⲴᝏᑨ⭏⍫䙐ᡀҶа ᇊ Ⲵড䲙ˈ ⢩ᛵᱟᛵᆓ仾ᆓ

4. ᢩ߶Ǐpī zhǔnǐapprove

㢲઼⚮ᇣᙗⲴཙ≄仁 ਼Ⲵ ᝏ‫ى‬Ǆ Ӕ৻Ⲵᝏᝏᔿ઼ᘱᓖ օᛵႧ(Katie Ho) ᴬ㦧㧢ᆖ䲒ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

˄Mount Holyoke College˅

ᛵᡁԜⲴ⭏⍫ѝˈӪ઼Ӫѻ䰤ⲴӔ⍱ᝏᝏ ᴹǄṧཊᛵ ᝏ ཊᔿᝏ ᝏ‫ى‬ᡁԜ䙊䗷㙺ཙ‫ ઼ݯ‬䱼⭏ӪᡀѪᴻ৻ˈ⭊㠣 ᡀѪ⭧ྭᴻ৻ǄնᝏᱟˈєњӪӾ䱼⭏ӪᛵᡀѪⵏ↓Ⲵᴻ৻䴰㾱䮯ᵏⲴҶ䀓Ǆᛵ⧠ԓᛵՊˈӪԜᑨᑨᛵ 侶依 ‫ݯ‬ǃ⍮ሩˈᡆ㘵䞂ᛵӔ৻㙺ཙ‫ݯ‬Ǆնᝏᱟˈᛵᴹ⋑ᴹᛵ䗷 ˈᛵᆖ ṑ⍇◑ᧂ䱏ҏᱟ ањ䶎 ᑨྭⲴӔ⍱ᵪՊ઼൪ਸʽᦞӪ≁㖁 Ⲵᝏ䰫ᣕ䚃 ˈᛵഋᐍབྷ ᆖቡᴹ䘉ṧањᴹ ᛵᙍⲴ“⍮ሩ”Ǆ ᛵഋᐍབྷ ᆖ Ⲵṑ४ˈྭᛵᛵ㾱⍇◑ˈ ᛵ ᝏ 䴰㾱ㅹ㠣ቁєњሿᝏᝏǄ ㅹ䛓Ѹ䮯ᝏᝏ䰤ˈ ᘾѸᛵ˛ྭᛵᛵнՊᝏᛵᇲሎ 1Ǆ⭧⭏ᴹ ањ䱏 ˈྭ⭏ᴹਖањ䱏ˈᛵ㠚ᑖ⵰∋ᐮǃᝏᝏᝏᴹǄ◑⍇⵰ㅹˈᴽ㺓 ‫ى‬⍇◑䱏䮯䗮ᝏⲮ ㊣ˈᛵᖃҾ◑า䶒〟Ⲵ 20 ‫ؽ‬,նᱟ⇿њӪ ཙ㙺䎧аԕਟԜԆѪഐʽҀᘛᖸ䜭‫ˈݯ‬ 㘼 фн⭘㣡䫡৫ᛵᛵ侶ቡਟԕ㔃䇶

2ᝏ ᴻ৻Ǆ

ᛵཙ

㙺৻ӔⲴṧ䘉ߜཙҏаṧ㔗㔝Ǆ ᛵⲴ ᆖ བྷᐍഋሩ⭏ѝ 儈 Ӌаᴹߥᖸᝏ‫ޤ‬䏓ǄᴹⲴ ᆖ⭏ᖸᛵ䇦ˈᴹⲴ ᆖ⭏ᖸ㗑ចǄ ṧ䘉ԕਟՊᵪᴹҏԜԆᵋᐼ⭏ѝ 儈‫ˈڊ‬ഐ ṧ䘉ᗇ㿹 ԜԆѪ‫Ⲵڊ‬䈍ˈ⭧⭏ՊᴹᴤཊⲴ ཙ㙺䶒ሩ䶒⭏ྭ䐏 Պᵪ‫ݯ‬Ǆ⢩ᛵᱟᛵ⭧⭏ ཊ⭏ቁⲴ ᆖ ṑˈᆖ⭏䜭ᴹ䘉ṧⲴᝏᵋʽ

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

ᛵᡁⴻᶕˈ䘉ṧⲴӔ⍱ᝏᝏᔿᖸᴹᛵᙍǄ ⭡ഋᐍབྷ ᆖ Ⲵ䘉 њ⧠䊑ˈᡁᛵᛵᛵ⭏⍫ѝˈ ᡁԜ㓿ᑨ䴰㾱䐏䱼⭏ӪᢃӔ䚃ト䘛

3઼

㍗ᕐˈнྭ䖫ᶮᛵᘛൠ㙺ཙǄ䘉 ṧ‫ˈڊ‬䱼

⭏Ӫҏ㜭ᡀѪᴻ৻ʽᛵᒤᛵˈᡁ 䎧а⭏ᆖ Ⲵ४ൠ਼нҾ㠚 ᶕњॱ઼‫ڊ‬ањ ഭ䱵亩 ⴞǄᡁԜа䎧 ৫Ҷᖸཊഭ ᇦ ઼аӋ 䶎㩕ᛵ㓴㓷ˈ∄ྭঠᓖǃই䶎 ǃḜคመㅹˈ ウ⹄䎧а‫ޣ‬Ҿ⧟ຳ ‫؍‬ᣔ઼ᝏ㛢Ⲵ䰞仈 Ǆᡁ Ԝ਼ਲ਼տˈӾ ཙ㙺Ҷ䲔‫ݯ‬Ӕ৻ԕཆˈҏᴹӪ䇔Ѫ䘉 ሩᛵᛵਸ䘲 Ⲵ⭧ྭᴻ৻ᖸᴹᑞࣙǄᦞᖸཊ ഋᐍབྷ ᆖ⭧⭏䈤ˈ⍇◑䱏ѪԆԜ㔃

䱼

⭏ӪਈᡀҶྭᴻ৻Ǆᡁ

ᗇӔ৻Ⲵᝏᝏᔿᒦнപ ᇊˈਚ㾱ᛵᣡ⵰ሩ

䇶ᴤཊᝏྭ਼ ᆖᨀᛵҶᵪՊǄ⭧⭏㿹ᗇ㲭❦䴰㾱ㅹ ᖸ䮯ᝏᝏ䰤ᛵᛵӪ৻ྭǃᔰᝏ4 ⲴᘱᓖˈቡՊᛵᛵᖸཊ 㜭⍇◑ˈնᱟᖸ٬ᗇˈഐѪਟ ԕᖸ㠚❦ൠ䐏ྭ਼ ᆖᔰᛵ㙺 ᝏᴻ৻ʽ ཙˈᒦӻ㓽㠚 ᐡǄ⍇◑ᧂ䱏ҏ䙀⑀ᡀҶањሿ⑨ᠿˈ਼ ᆖ Ԝ 䜭ᛵ⵰ᘾṧᛵ㜭ӔᴤཊⲴᝏᴻ৻ᡆ㘵 ᛵᛵ⭧ྭᴻ৻ǄᴹⲴྭ⭏ᑖ⵰䴦 ⭏䇽㺘伏ˈഐѪ ਟԕ䐏ᝏᴻ৻ᛵӛǄᴹⲴ⭧⭏ᑖ⵰ਖаԦ

1. ᇲሎǏjì mòǐsolitary; lonely; lonesome

ˈྭ྇ཆߧⲴᝏᝏ‫ى‬ਟԕ㔉ᝏⲴᴻ৻ᣛкǄ

2. 㔃䇶Ǐjié shíǐget to know 3. ト䘛Ǐjiǒng pòǐuneasy; embarrass 4. ᔰᝏǏkāi míngǐenlightened

Ǆоަᝏᛵ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

㿹

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

⭥ᆀᛵᛵᛵ˖⧠ԓᛵՊ⋏䙊ᝏᝏᔿ з‫ݻ‬ᙍ(Nicholas Vettese) ३ަ๑བྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗 ˄University of Pittsburgh˅

ᛵҐӪⲴཊ䎺ᶕ䎺ˈᛵᒤॱᛵ䘉ᛵ֯

ᝏⲴ‫ى‬ᛵн䴰㾱ⴻሩᝏᝏⲴᛵᓄǄ‫ྭٷ‬ᛵᛵ ᛵ䇹ањӪнྭⲴ⎸ᛵˈᛵቡ㜭䘹ᝏ⭥ᆀ ⋏䙊Ǆ䘉ሩᖸᇣ㗎Ⲵ਼ԦӪᴹྭ༴ˈഐѪ ⸝਼Ӫᛵ㔉 ԕਟԜԆؑᶕ䈤ᝏԆԜⲴ㿲⛩ ᡆ㘵㺘䗮ᝏᛵˈн䴰㾱䶒ሩ䶒Ӕ䈸Ǆ䘉Ӌ ൠ❦㠚ᴤԕਟкᓖ〻 Ⲵᛵᝏؑᛵˈ❦਼ ‫ڊ‬ᛵᴰਸ䘲ⲴഎᓄǄᛵ 䈤ˈᴹᴤཊⲴᝏᝏ 䰤എ ㆄˈӪԜਟԕᴤྭൠ ᧗ᛵ㠚ᐡⲴᛵ㔚Ǆ∄ྭ 䈤ˈྭᛵᝏᛵаᶑ ֯ᛵᛵᙂⲴ⸝ؑˈᛵਟԕ ㅹ алˈ‫᧗ݸ‬ᛵ ᛵ᷀ᛵǃᐡ㠚 ߥˈ❦਼ ᛵഎ༽Ǆྭᛵᱟ䶒 ሩ䶒⋏䙊Ⲵ䈍ˈӪԜⲴഎ ㆄᑨᑨᱟᘛ䙏Ⲵˈ

ˈᔿᝏᝏⲴ䙊⋏ᆀ⭥Ⲵᝏ⭘‫⭥ۿ‬ᆀ䛞Ԧǃ⸝ ؑǃк㖁㙺

ᇊ аᛵӪ߉ᛵᗳ䟼䈍Ǆ ᆹ ᴤ㿹ᝏՊҏԜԆˈф㘼

ཙ˄ᢃ ᆇ˅ㅹㅹ Ǆ䲿⵰ᛵᵪ઼ 㖁㔌Ⲵ⍱㹼ˈ⭥ᆀ⋏䙊

‫ˈޘ‬ഐѪԆԜнᝏⲴ䶒ሩ䶒⨶༴⭘ߢケ Ǆ∄ྭˈ㾱ᱟ

ਈᡀҶаᛵᛵ䙽Ⲵ ⋏䙊ᝏᝏᔿˈҏᛵ䙀⑀ൠਆԓаӋ䶒ሩ䶒 Ⲵ Ӕ⍱Ǆ䘉ᛵ䎻࣯ ᑖᶕⲴᖡᛵᱟྭᱟൿˈ⧠ ᛵ䘈 нᛵᾊǄ ㅄ㘵䇔Ѫˈ䘉Ӌ⋏䙊ᝏᝏᔿ㔉

ᛵ㾱䐏 ՊቡԜԆˈᛵᛵ৻ᴻྭ⭧⸝⭘ ֯ ؑˈ䘉ṧ ቡнՊ 䐏ሩᝏᝏᛵᛵᡆ䰩ᛵᢝǄ㘼фᛵаᝏ ⸝ᶑ䘉Ҷ਼ؑˈቡн䴰㾱ᛵ䐏ԆԜӔ⍱ҶǄ ަ⅑ˈ⭥ᆀ⋏䙊㔉ӪԜᴤཊᝏᝏ䰤ᙍ㘳䰞仈 Ǆᡁ㿹

ᡁԜⲴ⭏⍫ᑖᶕᛵᛵˈնᱟᆳ ҏ㔉ᡁԜ⭏ ⍫ᑖᶕаӋ䍏䶒

ᗇ䈤䘉ᱟ⭥ᆀ⋏䙊ᴰབྷⲴՈ⛩ а⛩䜭нѪ䗷

ⲴᖡᛵǄ⭥ᆀ⋏䙊ᱟаᛵ

ǄഐѪᛵ㜭㣡ᴤཊᝏᝏ䰤ᛵ ᷀

ᛵᛵᛵˈᴹᛵҏᴹᔺǄ ⸝਼ˈ䈤ᝏᝏ∄ǄቜቤⲴᶕᑖ䙊⋏ؑᡆ䛞 Ԧ

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

ᛵӺྭ‫ޡޜ‬൪ᡰˈᛵՊⴻᛵ㔍བྷཊᝏᴹॱӪӋ䘉

ᨀᛵᝏᝏˈѵᖸᆈ⮉㜭߉䗷Ⲵൿ䈍Ǆ ᡰԕ䘉њ䇠

ǄᵪᛵⴻཤᛵᛵӪ‫ޛ‬ҍ↓ᛵ਼ ⸝ؑ⸝਼ѸӰѪǄؑ䘉

ᖅⲴൿ༴ᱟՊ䇙ᛵ䴰㾱Ѫᛵ䈤

Ѹᴹ੨ᕅᛵ˛ᡁ䇔 ⸝Ѫؑѻᡰԕᖸ⍱㹼 ˈᱟഐѪ ᆳ Ⲵྭ༴нᝏ俆 Ǆቁ‫ˈݸ‬ᆳ ਟԕᛵѪањ 㕃ߢᝏ1Ǆᦒ䀰䚯ᝏᝏᛵ䇙㜭䙊⋏ᆀ⭥ˈѻ‫ݽ‬аӋഐ 䶒ሩ䶒 ⋑ᴹᝏ 䰤ᛵ ᝏ ᷀ ᡆ㘵㘳㲁䰞仈 Ǆᴹᴤཊᝏᝏ䰤 ቡㅹ ҾᴤྭⲴഎ ㆄˈ↔ᝏᝏᛵᴤ㜭⨶ᙗൠ༴ 䱵Ӫ⨶‫ޣ‬㌫ ઼ᛵᛵ䰞仈 Ǆ 䲔↔ѻཆˈ⭥ᆀ⋏䙊䘈 ᴹањՈ⛩Ǆ ᝏⲴ৻ᴻӔཙ㙺㔌㖁⭘‫ˈى‬ᛵн⭘ᙅ㻛ᛵ Ӫ↗㿶Ǆ䘉ᱟഐѪᛵ㖁к㙺ཙⲴ䈍ˈᛵӪ 㠚 ᛵᛵⴻ㜭ਚ߉ⲴᝏᆇˈⴻнᛵᛵⲴཆ㺘ˈ ᴹ⋑ 䇙䘉 Ǆ 㾱䟽 н 䜭 ⱖ 㜆 ⲭ 唁ؑⲴӪਈ 㠚 ᴹᴤᗇؑˈഐѪнՊᴹӪᢩ䇴ԆԜⲴ ᇩ 䊼Ǆ 㲭❦⭥ᆀ䙊䇟ᝏᝏᔿᴹᖸཊྭ༴ˈնᱟ ˈӪⲴԓакǄ༴ൿӋаᴹҏ ᆳ‫ۿ‬ᡁ⡦⇽ˈ ᓖ䗷Ӫ䖫 ᒤԓ⧠䇴ᢩൠᝏ нቡ֯⭘⭥ᆀ ӗ ⸝਼ሩԜԆǄ૱઼ؑк㖁 ᝏ 㙺ཙᝏᝏᛵᇊ Ⲵᘱ ᓖǄᛵഐᱟ䗷ᓖൠ┕⭘

2Պ

䙐ᡀаӋн㢟 Ⲵ਼ ᛵˈᛵᕡᒤ䖫Ӫ䶒ሩ䶒⋏䙊Ⲵ㜭ᛵǄ ⸝㘵ᡆ䛞⭥਼ҾᛵҐӪ䖫ᒤᙅԜԆؑ㘼ᝏ⸝ǄⲴᛵᆈ䘌 ≨ᱟнቡ䈍Ⲵ䈤ᛵؑᡆ⭥䛞 ᛵӪᛵ䟂 ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

⌅䐏ᛵӪ 䶒ሩ䶒 ӔᛵԜԆ 䇙 ˈӪؑ㲊‫Ⲵٷ‬

䈸 ǄкаԓӪⲴᣵ䍴ᝏˈ❦਼

コ ਆ

ԆԜ

ᘗ㺘䶒

кⴻᶕ⋑ᴹӪњⲴؑᛵǄԆԜਟ㜭䚃⨶ˈն ᇎ䱵кᱟᛵ䐏Պؑа ㅄ䫡ˈ❦਼ ᴤᴹ䘌㿱ⲴǄަᇎˈᔰᛵаབྷึ オ ཤᝏᛵˈᝏᛵᝏᡰ䘠ⲴՈ⛩䜭ᛵ䈪എᣕǄᴹᝏᝏྭᛵᛵ ᴹਟ㜭ਈᡀ㕪⛩Ǆн਼ᛵˈԆԜҏՊ⭘

ֻྭˈྭᛵᛵҐᛵ

ᛵⲴᛵ⇥Ǆᡰԕк㖁ᢃ

ᴹᴤཊᝏᝏ䰤എᓄⲴ䈍ˈᛵቡਟ㜭н⸕䚃ᘾ ṧᘛᦧൠᛵᓄ˗㘼

ᝏⲴ ᆇ‫ˈى‬ӪԜᓄ䈕ᝏᝏᛵ䱢㤳䘉Ӌড䲙ˈ ᴰྭሿᗳ䉘

фᛵਟ㜭нᝏⲭᛵӪⲴ 䓛փ䈝䀰ᡆ㘵䈤䈍Ⲵਓ≄Ǆ

ᛵൠ⭘䘉ᛵ⭥ᆀ⋏䙊ᝏᝏᔿǄ 䎺ᶕ䎺ᢰ、Ⲵԓ⧠Ԝᡁ‫ݸ‬

ᛵᱟቡ༴ൿњаਖ߉Ⲵь㾯Պਈᡀа ѸӰҶ਼ᝏаᛵǄᖅ䇠ᛵؑᛵቡн㜭ᢺᆳ ᝏᗳ㙀৫ཡᛵᖃ⇿Ǆഎᝏ߉лаਕߢࣘⲴ

䘋ǄᖸཊӪ ⸝ǃԦ䛞ᆀ⭥䗷䙊ؑǃк㖁㙺ཙоᛵӪ⋏ᝏ 䙊ǄഐѪ⭥ᆀ⋏䙊ᝏ༴нᛵˈᡁԜᴤᓄ䈕 ᛵ䇶ᛵ ᆳ ⲴᛵоᔺǄ∛ᝏ⯁䰞ˈᆳ㔉ᡁԜ Ⲵ⭏⍫ᑖᶕҶᖸབྷⲴᛵᛵ˗նቭ㇑ྭ↔ˈ ᡁԜӽ䴰

≄䈍ˈ䘉ਕ䈍ቡՊਈᡀ䇠ᖅˈሩᝏᝏ㜭䟽༽ ሿᗳˈᛵᛵਟ㜭㻛䘉ᛵ⭥ᆀᛵᝏ ᛵ ྭᛵᛵǄⴻӪᛵ㔉㘵ᡆ⅑ཊᖸⴻ߉Ҷањ

ᛵᡰՔতӽн㠚㿹Ǆ

〈ᇶ ᡆ㘵аӋᢩ䇴ᛵӪⲴ䈍ˈሩᝏᝏቡ㜭㔗 Ӌ䘉ᛵՐ㔝ؑᛵǄྭᛵ䙊䗷䶒ሩ䶒Ⲵ⋏䙊ˈ

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

Ⲵ⇿аਕ䈍䍏䍓ԫǄ ᴰ਼ ҏᱟᴰড䲙 а⛩ˈᱟަᛵᇎ н⸕ 䚃ᛵᛵо䈱⋏䙊 ˈ⢩ᛵᱟᛵ㖁кӔᴻ৻Ⲵᝏᝏᝏ‫ى‬Ǆц⭼кᴹᖸཊൿӪѪҶ 㠚ᐡⲴᛵ⳺ Ⅺ僇ᛵӪǄᛵ㖁к䘉ӋӪՊກ䙐 ྭӪⲴ ᖒ䊑ˈнᝏൠ⭌䀰㵌䈝 4ǄԆԜᑨᑨ䪸ሩ 䗘ᛵᛵн 儈ǃᣥᣇᛵнᕪⲴሿᆙᆀ ᡆ㘵㘱

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

⭏䇽㺘

䈎侬ᒢǃव㻵ᛵ䈎ᛵ⢙ǄӺ ᗇ䗷䜭䈕ᓄᇦ བྷˈཙ‫ޤ‬㠤

1. 㕃ߢǏhuǎn chōngǐbuffer

ࣷ

2. ┕⭘Ǐlàn yòngǐabuse; misuse

㤖 Ⲵᝏ ᝏᆀ ǄӺཙᱟйњ 6ǃ7 ᆙሿᛵ‫Ⲵݯ‬㪜 ᛵǄ

3. ກ䙐Ǐsù zàoǐsculpture 4. ⭌䀰㵌䈝Ǐtián yán mì yǔǐhoneyed words and phrases; glib talk

1Ǆնᱟᛵᝏ

ᱟতཙӺˈ 䭷亯㓭ᐎṬ⣴⎵ᓧ‫Ⰻ┑ݵ‬

Ӻཙˈ⌚⍱┑ 䶒 Ⲵ⡦⇽ ㄉᛵሿሿⲴἪᶀᝏᝏ

䗩

ˈⴻԆԜⲴ

ᆙᆀᴰ਼ аᛵǄӾӺཙ䎧

њሿᆙˈᛵкԆԜⲴ

5. コ ਆǏqiè qǔǐusurp; steal

6 њ 㘱ᐸˈ 䜭 Պ

䮯

ⵐҾൠлǄ 䘉 26 ᛵᝏ䗌Ⲵሿᆖ⭏઼㘱ᐸ䜭ᱟᛵ 12 ᴸ 14 ᝏ৫цⲴǄ䛓аཙˈᛵ 20 њሿ ᆙ‫ݯ‬ᛵṑ䖖ᛵ

‫ޣ‬ҾᝏᝏᴹᛵᝏⲴ“ᵳᛵ”

ẁ䘚㜑‫ݻ‬ሿᆖ Ⲵ਼ᝏˈ20

ਢ⪎䵎˄Sarah Schrader˅ 㾯㛟

ᛵⲴӊᖃ•‫ޠ‬㩘䎧ҶᒺǄԆ‫ڧڧ‬ൠ䎠ᛵԆ

ຄสབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏഋᒤ㓗

ᛵⲴ⇽ӢইᐼⲴᡯ䰤

ˈᛵ⵰⇽ӢⲴаᝏ

ᢺᛵˈᔰᛵᵰ↫Ҷ⇽ӢǄ᧕⵰ˈ䘉њᝏᛵ 㜑䘚ẁⲴ䘁䱴

˄Western Kentucky University˅

ᛵ䖖ᔰᛵᢺй⵰ᑖᛵᛵⲴᝏ ‫ݻ‬ሿᆖ

Ǆᔰᛵ 㠚

ᵰѻᛵˈԆሶєњаᒤ㓗ᝏᇔ䟼Ⲵ 20 њ ᆖ⭏઼ 6 ᐸ㘱 њ‫ޘ‬䜘ᵰᦹҶǄ 䘉аһԦᱟ㖾ഭӺᒤ਼⭏Ⲵа⅑ᛵᛵ ṸǄഐѪ䘉а⅑བྷ䜘ᛵਇ ᇣ㘵䜭ᱟᵚ┑ॱ Ӻཙᱟ 2012 ᒤ 12 ᴸ 20 ᝏǄӺཙˈ བྷ䜘ᛵ㖾 ഭ≁Շ↓ᛵᘉᘉ⺼⺼ൠ߶ྭо ᇦ Ӫа䎧䗷ᛵ䈎㢲

ǄӺཙˈ

䇨ཊሿᆙᆀ↓ᛵ

䎧

а⇽⡦ࣙᑞൠҀҀᘛᘛ‫˖ྭ߶ڊ‬㻵侠ᛵ 䈎ṁǃ✈❉ᛵ

ᆙሿⲴᛵ‫ˈݯ‬ᡰԕа㓿਼⭏傜 кᛵ㖾ഭ㘱 Ⲯဃ઼ᝏ⋫ᇦ ѻ䰤ᕅ䎧Ҷ◰⛸Ⲵ䗙䇪Ǆަ ѝаབྷ䜘 ᛵ䇘䇪䳶ѝҾᛵᝏ㇑⨶⌅Ǆ䇨ཊᝏᱟަቔˈӪ‫؍‬ᆸ⍮ⲴӪˈ 䇔Ѫ䰞仈 нᛵҾ 䀓Ⲵ 仈䰞ᛵᛵ䈤Ӫᴹ㠣

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

ᝏᡰᑖⲴйᢺᛵѻѝ⋑ᴹаᢺᝏ

⭊ˈᛵߣᝏᝏṸਚ㜭㜑䘚ẁᛵྭ˖ᛵⲴཊᴤᴹᝏဃⲮ㘱䇙 ᱟᝏ‫ݻ‬ሿᆖ Ⲵ㘱ᐸԜ䓛кᑖᛵⲴ䈍ˈྭԜቡਟԕ 䚯

Ԇ⇽ӢⲴǄᵜᴸᛵˈ

ᱟᛵҾ

‫े״‬ᛵᐎⲴањ

Ք ᇣ Ǆᛵਚ㾱ᛵᴹ䍓ԫᝏⲴӪᛵ䟼ˈቡнᝏণѪ䇔

ᡰᛵᛵǄӑ↫Ӫ֯⭘Ⲵᛵҏᱟ‫Ⲵڧ‬Ǆ↔ཆˈ ⇿ᒤᛵᝏ䘈Պሬ 㠤䇨䇨ཊཊᛵཆⲴ↫ӑǄ ণˈ 㿱ਟ↔⭡֯ਚ‫ݱ‬䇨 “ᴹ䍓

䘈ԜԆǄһൿօԫ⭏਼Պ֯ᛵ→ᛵᝏˈᝏ‫ޠ‬ ‫ ۿ‬㩘䛓

ԫᝏ”ⲴӪ

ṧⲴӪᙫՊᛵᛵ⌅䗮ᛵՔ ᇣ ᛵӪⲴⴞⲴǄᝏᝏ䘉Ӌ㿲

ᝏˈһᛵӽ❦䳮ԕ᧗ᛵǄ

⛩ⲴӪᙫᱟԕ㖾ഭ ᇚ⌅ᛵѪԆԜ䇪

ণᱟն֯ᛵнᛵᛵˈᛵമՔ ᇣᛵӪⲴ 䛓

⛩Ⲵสᛵ˖ṩᦞᡁԜ ᇚ⌅ Ҽ ㅜ Ⲵ䟼‫↓؞‬Ṹˈᝏᝏᴹᛵᝏᱟ㖾 ഭӪ≁Ⲵ 仈䰞ሶ⌅ᝏ❦㲭ˈᶕⴻᡁᛵʽᛵᵳᵜสᝏ‫ޘ‬䜘ᖂ઼

ӋሿӪ⢙ҏՊᛵᛵਖཆⲴᛵ⌅৫ᵰӪˈ ᡰԕᛵ 2

ᛵҏ⋑ᴹ⭘ʽሩҾ䘉ṧᛵⲴӪˈᡁ њѮᛵֻᆀ䈧ԆԜ㘳

ҾᛵˈնᱟྭᛵᡁԜ㖾ഭ㜭ཏᛵ 㜑䘚ẁ⧠ᛵѸ䛓

㲁алǄẁ䘚㜑‫ݻ‬ᛵᝏ

ˈᛵ‫ݻ‬ሿᆖ䘉ṧ 傷 Ӫੜ䰫

ᛵһԦ਼⭏Ⲵᛵњሿᝏᝏѻᛵˈањ 36 ᛵ

䳮䚃䘎䍓ԫᝏᖸᕪⲴӪ䜭

Ⲵѝഭ⭧ӪᛵҶаᢺ㨌ᛵˈ⸽Ҷ 22 њሿ 㜑䘚

нਟԕᝏ ᴹ

ẁоԦһ↔ˈᶕⴻаѽǄ⭏ᆖ‫ݻ‬ᛵᛵ

ᆹ ᴤቡн ᇦ བྷˈ䈍ⲴᛵᴹӪӋ䘉˛ᛵ‫ ˛਼ޘ‬䪸ሩ䘉Ӌ䰞

Ṹᐞнཊ˖ањ㋮ᛵн↓ᑨⲴ⭧Ӫᛵ⵰↖ᝏ

仈 ˈᡁ㾱ᛵ䰞 єњ 䰞仈

ಘ৫Ք ᇣ Ҷ 20 ཊњ∛ᝏ䱢ྭ

ᛵӰѸᶕᝏ ᛵᝏ ḀњӪⲴྭൿ˛ӊᖃ•‫ޠ‬㩘

ㅜ

аˈᝏ

12 ᴸ

4 ᆙሿⲴ‫ݯ‬Ǆ

ն䘉

єњһԦަᇎᴹ⵰ᐘབྷⲴᐞᛵǄ ㅜ аˈ 㜑䘚

ᝏᔰᛵѻᛵ⋑⣟ 䗷 ԫօ 㖚㹼 ǄӺ ᒤ 7 ᴸᛵ、㖇

ẁ‫ݻ‬ሿᆖ Ⲵ䛓 20 ᆙሿњ‫ݯ‬䜭ཡ৫Ҷ ⭏ભˈ㘼㻛⸽Ⲵ

ᛵཊᐎⲴањ⭥ᖡ䲒ᵰ ᇣ

22 њѝഭሿᆙᆀ ѻѝᝏᛵ

12 ӪⲴ䂩ᛵᝏ •䴽ᛵᝏᝏᔰᛵѻᛵҏ⋑ᴹǄ ‫ޠۿ‬㩘઼䴽ᛵᝏ 䘉ṧ Ӿᵚ⣟䗷㖚㹼ⲴӪᱟᝏᛵՊᛵањሿᆖ ᡆ㘵儈 ѝᡆ㘵⭥ᖡ䲒ケ❦ ᔰᛵˈ䈱ҏᝏ⌅亴⍻Ǆ Ӫൿ→䱢 օྭˈҼ

ㅜ‫ڧ‬ᛵⲴһᛵ਼⭏˛ᝏ ᝏ‫ޠ‬㩘

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

䍝

⢙ѝᗳ਼⭏Ҷᛵᛵˈє

㘼Ӿˈᦹᵰᛵᛵሶᘛᖸ‫ݽ‬䛓Ӌ ᆙᆀ ਇᛵ

3 ⲴһԦⲴᵪ⦷Պབྷབྷл䱽Ǆ

㠚ᐡⲴˈ䜭ᱟ

12 ᴸ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

⋑ᴹањ↫ӑǄѪӰѸ˛ᛵഐᛵҾ䘉єњ

ᆀᴹօ४ᛵˈᴤн䴰㾱䀓䟺䓪ᛵ५䲒ᛵᒺ кⲴ ᆙᆀ о䓪ᛵἪᶀ䟼 Ⲵ ᆙᆀ ४ᛵᛵօ༴Ǆ ഭ㖾ԜԆ䇹 ᛵ㾱䴰нҏԜᡁ‫ޣ‬ҾᛵᝏⲴ⌅ ᖻ䴰㾱 ᝏழǄⴻ⵰ᛵ䈎ṁлањњ≨䘌нᝏ Պ㻛ᢃᔰⲴᛵ⢙ˈ⍱⵰≨䘌 ⍱н ᆼ Ⲵ⌚ˈ ሩ䘉Ӌ⡦⇽ᶕ䈤

һԦⲴ ㅜ Ҽњᐞᛵ˖ањᝏ ᛵᛵ⭘Ⲵᱟ㨌ᛵˈ㘼ਖаᝏ њᛵᛵ⭘ⲴᱟᛵǄ䛓ѝഭ

ˈаᛵ䜭н⭘ᛵཊ䈤ҶǄ ሩҾ৫ᒤ⭡Ҿᛵᛵ㘼 ↫ӑⲴҍॳཊ㖾 ഭӪⲴ ᇦᓝᶕ䈤ˈ䘉Ӌ䚃⨶ҏᱟн䀰

ⲴᛵᛵѪօ⋑ᴹ⭘ᛵᛵ˛ ѫ㾱ᱟ

㠚ᝏ5 ⲴǄཙཙᛵᣕ㓨кⴻ਼ᛵ⭏ᛵᛵṸⲴᝏ䰫ˈᛵ⭥㿶

ഐѪᛵѝഭˈᛵ䙊㘱

кੜᛵਇ ᇣ㘵ⲴᛵᆇˈᡰᴹⲴ 㖾ഭӪҏᓄ䈕ᖸᛵᾊ䘉

ⲮဃҠнᛵᛵǄྭᛵ㖾 ഭ㜭ཏ

Ӌ䚃⨶ǄᡁԜ⧠ᛵ н㇑⨶Ⲵ䈍ˈ ᙅᴤཊᝏ䗌

䟷ਆ઼ѝഭᛵլⲴ

Ⲵ ᆙᆀ Պ↫ӑˈ ᒦфᴤཊⲴ ᇦ䮯Պ㓿শᝏ⌅䀰䈤ⲴⰋ

ᝏ㇑⨶⌅ˈҏቡᱟ䈤ᛵ→ᛵ䙊ⲮဃҠআ 䇑ᛵˈᝏ‫ۿ‬ᝏᝏ12 ᴸ

㤖Ǆ ᡁԜ䘉Ӌ✝⡡㠚⭡Ⲵ㖾ഭӪ䴰㾱ᛵ䇶ᛵˈ

14 㜑䘚ẁᛵᝏ‫ݻ‬ሿᆖ ᡰ਼⭏Ⲵབྷነᵰ䛓

ᴹӋᡰ䉃Ⲵ“㠚⭡”઼“ᵳᛵ”Պ䇙ᡁԜԈᛵ ᛢᛵⲴԓԧˈ㘼䘉аᛵṩᵜ䜭ᱟн٬ᗇⲴǄ

ṧⲴһᛵቡՊབྷབྷᛵቁǄ ሩ䛓Ӌᛵሩᛵᝏ㇑⨶⌅ⲴӪˈᡁᛵ 䰞

৲㘳䍴ᝏ˖

ᛵԜањ䰞仈˖ᛵԜ⸕н⸕䚃 22 њ⍫⵰ Ⲵሿᴻ৻઼

http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/15/world/asi

20 ᆙሿⲴӑ↫њ‫ݯ‬ѻ䰤Ⲵ४ᝏᛵ˛䈧ᛵ䊑алˈྭᛵᝏ ᛵ 㠚ᐡⲴ ᆙᆀ ҏᛵ 䛓 20 њሿᆙ ѻѝˈᛵᱟӰѸᝏ㿹 ˛ᡁԜ 㜑䘚ẁ㔉㾱䴰нᒦ‫ݻ‬ᛵᛵṸਇ ᇣ㘵Ⲵ⡦⇽ 䈤ᝏቁҶᛵṩᛵᝏᝏⲴ ᆙᆀ о⋑ᴹ㜹ᝏⲴ ᆙ

a/china-us-school-attack/index.html

⭏䇽㺘 1. ‫ޤ‬㠤ࣷ Ǐxìng zhì bó bóǐsprightly; feel a surge of exhilaration

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

2. ᖂ઼ Ǐguī jiùǐattribute a fault to 3. 傷 Ӫੜ 䰫Ǐhài rén tīng wénǐshocking;

⢙䇪ⲴᖡᛵǄୟ⢙䇪ᕪ䈳њփ䍒ᇼˈӪӪᝏᝏ ᛵ㜭㾱ਚ‫ݱ‬ 䇨ˈⲶਟ⨶ⴤ≄༞

7 ൠਚ

亮㠚 к⬖ӪԆ㇑нˈ䍥

appalling ᇼ ॾ㦓䓛ߠ䵌Ǆ↓ഐྭ

4. ∛ᝏ䱢ྭǏháo wú fáng bèiǐcompletely off their guard

↔ˈᡁԜᘈ䇠Ҷᛵӂᛵ䎆Ⲵ䟽㾱ᙗǄ 䶒ሩк䘠

5. н䀰㠚ᝏǏbù yán zì míngǐself-evident

ц⭼䳮仈ˈᡁнᛵᝏមˈᛵ ߥᐢ㓿ਈᗇ䛓Ѹ ㌏㌅ ˈᡁԜতਚ㜭ᝏਟྭ օൠ㔗㔝⭏⍫Ǆਟᱟˈᡁᒦ⋑ᴹ㔍 ᵋˈഐ ␡ᡁѪؑ⇿њӪⲴᛵᗳ␡༴ަᇎ䜭ᱟᆼ㖾㘼

ᛵ䎆

1 ᗀ⧺˄Maia

ழ㢟ⲴǄਚ㾱ӪԜᝏᛵ䶒ሩ㠚ᐡⲴᗳˈ

Stack˅

ੜੜᗳᓅሩҾᑞࣙᛵӪⲴ⑤ᵋˈᡁԜᛵаᝏ

ေ ᝏᓧ䗋བྷ ᆖᇶቄ⊳สᛵṑѝᝏഋᒤ㓗

њ⨶ᛵⲴц⭼ቡн䘌ҶǄ

˄University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee˅

⧠ӺᛵՊӪӪլѾᝏᐢҐᛵ㠚ᢛ䰘ᝏ ᛵ 䴚Ǆᢃᔰ⭥㿶 ⴻᝏ䰫ˈѝьᡈҹᛵࣘǃ㨢 ᖻᇮ ਠ 仾㚶㲀䰞仈 ㅹㅹ а 䘎 ѢⲴཙ⚮Ӫ ᛵ 4ǃнѪᡰࣘ

2ǃѝഭ⋣ᐍ⊑ḃ

3ˈཊቁӪӽ 㿶㤕ᝏ ⶩ

5Ǆሩц⭼ 䎺ᶕ䎺 ѕ 䟽 Ⲵᛵൿˈ

ᗇ⧠ 㺘

Ӫԓ⧠Ԝᡁ‫ۿ‬н‫ޣ‬ԆԜⲴһլⲴǄ

ᛵҏ䇨Պ䰞ˈ䈕ྭօ઼㠚ᐡⲴᗳ⚥ሩ 䈍ˈ㾱 ᘾѸᛵ㜭਼⧠㠚ᐡᛵଚӋᝏᝏ䶒㜭ཏ Ⲵ䎆ᛵӂᛵ䎧・ ᔪˈ⭼цࣙᑞ‫ޣ‬㌫ᛵ˛ᛵ ˈⴻᡁ‫ޣ‬䭞ቡᱟᛵᗇҶ䀓㠚 ᐡⲴՈ⛩ˈ䘉ᝏᱟња䖸ᆀ ⲴԫᛵǄᡁԜҶ䀓㠚 ᐡՈ⛩ˈ ᛵ㜭ᝏⲭᘾṧᑞࣙц⭼ǄᴹⲴӪѪҶ㔉лᝏ䙂 Րԓаؑᘥ㘼ӾһᝏᐸⲴ㙼ъˈᴹⲴӪ ҶѪ‫؍‬ᣔӪ≁Ⲵᵳᛵ㘼䘹ᝏҶᖻᐸⲴ㹼ъˈ 䘈ᴹӪѪҶᴯᓅቲⲴሿᐲ≁਼༠㘼䎠

ᛵ䘉‫ޘ‬ц⭼ሩӪǃሩ㠚❦Ⲵߧ═ᛵᓄˈ ަᇎ һᛵᴹഐ 6Ǆୟ⢙䇪Ӿ㾯ᝏᝏ⍱Րᛵцᝏ ⭼ᛵൠǄ㤕ᡁԜᛵ ᷀ 䘉њ⨶ᘥˈᖸᘛቡՊ фᒦⲴⴞѪ 䫡䎊ԕਚԜӪⲴᝏӺˈ⧠਼ᝏ‫❦ޘ‬н 亮 ሩԆӪ઼ц⭼Ⲵᖡᛵˈ↓ᱟਇҶୟ ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

кҶ 䇠㘵Ⲵ䚃䐟Ǆ⇿ањӪ䜭ᴹԆⲴՈ⛩઼ᛵ 䮯

8 Ⲵൠᝏ ᝏǄ㤕ᡁԜӂᛵᑞࣙǃӂᛵᛵ䎆

Ⲵ䈍ˈᡁԜቡ

㜭ᇎ⧠བྷ਼ц⭼ⲴỖᛵǄ ᖸ䟽㾱Ⲵ⨶ᘥ˖Ӫ㊫оབྷ㠚 ❦ᗵ享 ӂᛵ➗ 亮ǃӂᛵᛵᆈ ǄਔᝏᝏⲴӪ㊫઼བྷ㠚

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

❦ᴹаᝏᛵ㍗ᇶ Ⲵ㚄㌫ˈഐѪԆԜᝏ ᛵ䶐ᛵൠ㔉

䫡㘼ᝏ⌅ᝏཙൠᛵ⭘ བྷ㠚❦Ǆቡᛵ㾯㯿ᶕ䈤

ԆԜ ᑖᶕྭᝏᡀˈᡰԕԆԜᖸ⧽ᝏ㠚❦䍴ⓀǄ ᛵ㘼

ᛵˈ⧠ᛵѝഭᴹᖸ Ⲵԫ䍓䍏нǃຳ ⧟ḃ⊑ᛵ䘉‫ަˈ⌅ڊ‬

ᡁԜ⧠ԓⲴӪ䎺ᶕ䎺нҐᛵӢ䘁བྷ㠚

ᇎᛵᡁԜⴻн㿱Ⲵൠᝏᝏ␡␡ൠᖡᛵ⵰ᡁԜǄ ቡᛵेӜⲴ

❦ǄᡁԜнնᖸቁ৫ཆ䶒ᝏ↕ˈ䘎ᆙᆀ Ԝ オ≄⊑ḃᶕ䈤ᛵˈ⧠ᛵᖸཊⲴᝏेӜӪа䖸ᆀ䜭⋑ⴻ䗷ᝏᝏ ⧙䶒ཆ৫‫Ⲵݯ‬ᵪՊ䜭ᛵቁҶǄᡁԜⲴ⭏⍫ ྭҀၡ䰢ՁǄᘉ䎺ᶕ䎺‫ۿ‬䜭઼⭥㝁ᛵнᔰǄᝏ∄ᝏᝏ䈤 ˈᡁᱟབྷаⲴ ᆖ⭏ˈտᛵᆖ ṑ ᇯ㠽䟼Ǆ ᇯ㠽䟼 ṩᵜ⋑ᴹ㔯㢢ˈሶ䘁йᛵѻҼᝏⲴ オ䰤ˈ䜭ᱟ ᛵᛵᛵᔪᡀⲴǄਟ㜭ᛵњᝏᝏᵏ䗷৫Ҷˈᇯ㠽䟼Ⲵབྷ ᆖ⭏ 䘎а㝊䑙ᛵ⌕ ᛵкⲴᵪՊҏ⋑ᴹǄ ᛵ⮿Ⲵ䰤ѻ❦㠚བྷ઼ԜᡁѪഐ‫ޣ‬㌫ˈ Ⲵ❦㠚

ˈԆԜ䘈ᑨᑨ ⭏ᛵ઼భˈቡᱟഐѪ オ ≄нྭǄᛵᛵཙᡁ ӵᒤњаᛵੜ䟼䰫 ᝏᛵ‫ޛ‬ᛵⲴѝഭ ᆙᆀᛓ Ҷ㛪ⱼǄᛵ∄ྭ䈤ˈ ᶕᛵㄉˈࣘ㹼ᛵԈ㾱ቡ‫ڊ‬а⛩ᝏਈц⭼Ⲵ һᛵǄ ањᖸ㚚ᝏǃᖸᴹ䘌㿱Ⲵᴻ৻ᛵ䇹ᡁˈ

བྷѾᛵнᗇਈធធԜӪ‫ڕ‬ᓧǄ⧠ᛵˈ ཊᖸ‫ޜ‬ਨѪҶ䎊ᴤཊ ཊ‫ޜ‬ਨнն┕Հᛵ᷇ˈ㘼ф䘈ᛵ㾯㯿ђᔳ ᓏ⢙Ǆ┕Հᛵ᷇Պ 䙐ᡀ㾯㯿Ⲵ≤ᛵ⍱ཡˈ Ⲵᓖঠоഭѝ ᇣ ড㠤ԕˈ䍘 ≤⍱⋣ᛵᖡᝏߌⲴᗳ唁ᛵ䘉Ǆ⢙ᛵ‫ޜ‬ਨн‫ݹ‬ѝഭᴹˈц⭼ ⋩⸣ᴹԜᡁഭ㖾ᛵǄᱟ䜭༴ᛵᇦ ഭԆަ‫ޜ‬

䲔ҶӪоӪѻ䰤ӂᛵᑞࣙǃษަ㢟ྭ 䎆ᛵ䱵ӪⲴ‫ޣ‬㌫

ᶀᵘᴹഭ‫ޜ‬ਨㅹㅹˈ䘉Ӌ‫ޜ‬ਨ䜭㔉བྷ㠚❦ ᑖᶕҶᖸѕ䟽

ԕཆˈᡁԜ䘈ᗇᝏⲭањ

Ⲵᛵൿˈ❦਼ аԦһ䘎⵰а ᛵ⭥ǃਨ‫ޜ‬ਨˈᛵঠᓖᴹ㓪㓷‫ޜ‬ਨˈᛵ‫״‬

Ԧһˈ⊑ḃҶӪ㊫Ⲵ⭏ᆈ⧟ຳ Ǆ The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

Ӫа䖸ᆀᓄ䈕㾱ᴹєњⴞḷˈаᱟ㾱ሺᝏ㠚

Ԝᛵ㜭ን㹼

9 Ӫ⭏Ⲵ

劬

ᦅᗇӪᙗ▌ᛵǄҼᱟ㾱

⸕ ཚཊˈབྷ⎧䟼Ⲵ 劬䚃㠚

ᐡⲴ㹼Ѫ઼䘉Ӌ 㗔䎺ᶕ䎺

ᡁԜ⧠ᛵᦅ

ቁˈ⭊

㠣

㹼

劬ᐢ㓿☂Ѥ㔍↔ѻཆˈ ҶǄᛵਟ㜭

ѪᑖᶕⲴ਼ ᛵǄ䲔 ᴹӋ 䘈㾱 Ҷ 䀓 ਼

ᛵ

Պᛵˈ⭏ᛵц⭼кⲴᛵ

ᛵབྷ ᛵᛵ劬㔍ᛵ䐏

ᡁᴹһሿһǄ䘉Ӌቡᱟ㾱

ѸӰ‫ޣ‬㌫ˈᡁਲ਼ᛵ䇙ᡁԜᝏⲭ㠚ᐡоᛵ Ⲵ 劬 нቡ㹼Ҷ˛ަӪᱟӂᛵᛵ䶐ⲴǄ ᐡ઼ᛵӪˈवᝏц⭼кᡰᴹᴹ⭏ભ઼⋑ ᴹ⭏ભⲴь㾯 ǄሺᝏᛵӪоц⭼Ⲵ䈍ˈᡁ ᇎˈ䘉њ䰞仈ᱟᖸѕ䟽ⲴˈഐѪ䘉ሩབྷ⎧ Ⲵ 伏⢙䬮

ԜӪ㊫ᛵᗳަᴹᕪབྷⲴᛵ䟿ˈਟᱟ䍓ԫ䐏ᝏᛵ䟿ᱟᝏᛵ

ᴹᖸབྷⲴᖡᛵǄྭᛵаᛵ劬㔍ᛵ Ⲵ䈍ˈᛵᶕਲ਼䛓ᛵ劬

нᔰⲴǄᴹањ䘹ᝏ仈˖ᛵ⭏⍫ᝏѝᱟ䟷ਆԕ㠚

Ⲵ⭏⢙ҏՊഐѪ 伏⢙ нཏ㘼㔍ᛵǄਖаᝏᝏ䶒ˈᛵᶕ

ᡁѪѝᗳⲴᘱᓖˈ䘈ᱟ䟷ਆᝏྭ⥞㠚

㻛㔍ᛵⲴ 劬 ਲ਼Ⲵሿ劬 ഐѪ⋑ᴹ⭏⢙ਲ਼ ᆳ ԜҶˈᛵ

ᐡⲴ⭏⍫ᘱᓖ˛ᡁᛵˈᡁԜᓄ䈕䘹 ᝏ਼ 㘵

㘼Պ ᛵ㜭ਟˈᶕᛵ䗷എԜᡁᛵㅹ Ǆཊ䎺ਈ䎺ᝏߥᐢ

ˈ⇿ཙཊԈᛵа⛩Ǆᛵц⭼кˈᴹ

㓿ᝏ⌅᧗ᛵˈഐѪ⎧⌻Ⲵ⭏ᘱᝏᐢཡ৫

ᛵⲴཊᖸߥањӪᝏਈнҶˈਟᱟਚ㾱ᡁ Ԝഒ㔃ᛵа䎧

Ҷᒣ㺑Ǆ ഐ↔ˈᡁ䇔ѪˈӪ઼Ӫѻ䰤ᗵ享 ӂᛵ 享

ˈቡ㜭ᖒᡀᐘབྷⲴᛵ䟿ˈ䛓䀓㜭нᱟ仈䰞

ᗵҏ䰤ѻ❦㠚བྷоӪˈࣙᑞ‫؍‬ᝏᝏᒣ㺑ˈ 䘉ቡᱟᡁԜ⧠ԓӪᴰ䟽㾱

ѸӰᴹ⋑ѸߣⲴǄ䘉ㇷᝏㄐᝏ

Ⲵᛵ䈮ǄᡁԜᗵ 享䰞䰞㠚ᐡⲴᝏ ᛵᗳˈ䇔ⵏᙍ㘳

ҏᱟањᛵᡈҖǄᡁ਼ᛵᛵᡈ˖ᝏᧈᛵ㠚

ᡁԜ઼ᛵӪǃ ␡ᡁǄᙍᛵᛵаᱟᇎަㄐᝏㇷ䘉ؑᡁ

ᐡⲴ▌ᛵˈц⭼ᛵᛵ䎆⵰ᡁԜᛵǄ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

Ⲵ䰤ѻ❦㠚བྷ઼‫ޣ‬㌫ Ǆᛵᙍ㘳ѻ਼ ˈᡁԜ ⭏䇽㺘䇪儈䐏ᛵᱟਖཆаᛵ㕐䏣

1. ᛵ䎆Ǐyī làiǐrely on; depend on

㼤ሿཙ(Loan Bui)

2. 㚶㲀Ǐsì nüèǐwreak havoc 3. ཙ⚮ӪᛵǏtiān zāi rén huòǐcalamities of nature and calamities

ӊ⍢ྭ ᆀ བྷ ᆖᛵ䙊䈍儈㓗(к)⨝

imposed by other people

(Asian University for Women, Bangladesh)

4. 㿶㤕ᝏⶩǏshì ruò wú dǔǐignore 5. нѪᡰࣘǏbù wéi suǒ dòngǐremain unmoved 6. һᛵᴹഐǏshì chū yǒu yīnǐit is by no means accidental 7. ⨶ⴤ≄༞Ǐlǐ zhí qì zhuàngǐbe in the right and self-confident 8. ᛵ䮯Ǐshàn chángǐbe good at 9. ን㹼Ǐlǚ xíngǐimplement

ઘṲ⧽(䉀丣)ˈ‫ޝॱޛ‬ᛵˈаսѝഭ Ӂইⴱḣ⳺(䉀丣 )ᶁⲴ㘱䱯ၶˈᝏᝏ⵰ྭ㕐 Ⲵྭ㋭ᆀ㡜བྷሿⲴᛵ㝊䈤˖“↓ᱟഐѪ䘉 ᛵ㝊 ˈᡁн㜭䐣㡎ˈн㜭↓ᑨ㹼䎠Ǆ㕐䏣 ᇣ Ҷᡁа 䖸ᆀ Ǆ”ྭѸӰѪᛵ䰞㻛ᖃߣᇊ 㕐䏣ˈྭ䈤ᛵྭ 䛓њᒤԓˈн㕐䏣ⲴྭӪᝏ ᱟᛵнᛵиཛⲴǄઘṲ⧽ቡਟԕ㇇ᱟॱҍ ц㓚 ѝഭྭӪⲴ㕙ᖡ 1Ǆᦞ⹄ウˈᛵ䛓њᝏᝏᝏᵏˈབྷᾲ 40%ᛵ 50%ⲴѝഭྭӪ䜭㾱 ṧ䘉ԜྭǄ䏣㕐‫ڊ‬ᱟѪҶ‫؍‬䳌 ྭԜⲴ ˈഐ㘼ᗵ享ᝏ↻ྭԜⲴ㝊Ǆ

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

Պӽ❦㾱≲ྭԜ㕐䏣ˈ ഐѪԆԜ㾱䲀ྭᛵӪⲴ㹼ࣘᶕ

ᛵ䛓њᝏᝏᵏˈ㕐䏣ԓ㺘ҶྭӪⲴ㖾ѭ оྭӪⲴᛵ ՊൠսǄ㝊䎺ሿቡԓ㺘ྭӪ䎺 ┲Ӟˈ㘼ф㕐䏣Ⲵབྷ䜘

䇙ྭӪᴤᛵ 䎆

ྭᛵӪᶕ㠚ᴹ䫡ǃ ᴹൠսⲴ ᇦᓝǄᝏᦞᱮᛵˈ100%к⍱

㜭‫↓ۿ‬ᑨӪаṧ 㹼䎠 ˈ 䘉 ṧྭӪབྷ䜘ᝏ ᛵᝏ 䰤ቡਚ㜭

ᛵ

ᛵᛵᇦ

䟼

⭧ӪǄаᝏ㕐䏣Ⲵ䈍ˈྭԜⲴ㝊ቡнᝏ

䈤ᝏ 䛓њᝏᝏᵏˈоᝏ

䘉

⭧Ӫᛵ∄ˈྭྭⲴൠսᖸվˈྭԜṩᵜᝏ⌅䘹ᝏ㾱н㾱㕐䏣ˈҏн

ՊⲴྭӪ䜭㕐䏣Ǆਟ㿱ˈ㕐䏣ⲴྭӪ㻛ⴻ

㜭ᛵ৫ ᆖҐᐕᛵǄ ᇎ䱵кˈྭԜ䜭㻛⭧Ӫ᧗ᛵ⵰Ǆ

ᛵᱟᝏᴹᖸ儈 ⲴᛵՊൠսǄѪҶ䘉ᛵ㖾ѭᝏ઼ᛵ

ᒨ䘀Ⲵᱟˈ1912 ᒤ㕐䏣 ⲴՐ 㔏㻛 ѝ

ՊൠսˈᡀॳкзⲴྭӪӾйഋᛵቡ ᔰᛵ㕐䏣

㕐տ ᛵ৫ ᆖ Ґ઼ᐕᛵˈᡰԕӪԜ䜭㿹ᗇᖃӺྭᝏྭԜ

ഭᝏᝏᓌਆ㕄 ᛵⲴྭߥਈྭҶˈྭԜⲴ

㠚⭡ᴤཊҶǄ䘉 Ⲵ㝊ˈ ᛵⴻ⌅ⵏⲴᱟሩⲴ਼˛䇙ᡁԜӾྭӪ㝊Ⲵ ⇿є алǄ ཙྩ

ᖃӺྭྭௌ

Ԝ䜭 ǄྭԜ⭘㓖ॱ㤡ቪⲴ㔧ᑖ㍗㍗ ൠ 㾱ᛵᛵ㍗䛓њ 㔧ᑖǄᖸᱮ❦ˈ䘉њ䗷〻䶎 ᑨⰋ㤖ˈ⭊㠣аӋ㕐䏣 ⲴྭӪഐѪᗽਇнᝏҶ䘉ᛵⰋ㤖ᡆ㘵ഐ㕐䏣ᕅ䎧 Ⲵ⯮ᛵ㘼↫ӑǄ ṧ䘉ᝏᝏඊ❦ӽԜྭ䗷н‫ˈڊ‬ഐѪྭԜᐼᵋ 㠚ᐡⲴ㝊ቭਟ㜭ᛵሿаӋˈᡀѪ“йረ䠁

аӋྭӪ⭡Ҿ㕐䏣㘼Ⰻ㤖ൠ↫ӑˈ䘈 ᴹаӋྭӪ㲭 ❦⋑ᴹђᦹᙗભնަ䓛փҏ ⭡Ҿ㕐䏣ӗ⭏Ҷᖸཊ⯮ᛵǄ㻛㕐 3 僘ᇶᓖᖸվˈᡰԕྭԜ

䎠䎧

䐟ᶕᖸ䳮ˈᐕᛵ䎧ᶕᴤ䳮Ǆቭ㇑㕐䏣 Ⲵྭྭ䘉ѸⰋ㤖ˈᛵ

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

⅒ク儈䐏ᛵˈഐѪྭԜԕ

Ѫ 儈䐏ᛵՊ䇙ྭӪᴤᴹ੨ᕅᛵǃᴤᴹ≄䍘ǃ 5ˈྭӪᛵҏн⭘

㕐䏣 ҶǄӾ ᴤ┲ӞǄྭᛵᝏᛵ䰞

ањྭӪѪӰѸ 㾱ク儈 ഐѪྭௌ

䐏 ᛵ ˈྭਟ㜭 Պ 䈤

⅒Ǆн 䗷 ˈᛵ ᡁⴻᶕˈ 䘉ᒦнᱟྭ 㠚

ᐡⵏ↓Ⲵ䘹ᝏˈ㘼䘛㻛㘼ᛵᖡ߶ḷⲴѭ㖾Պᛵ㻛ྭᱟ‫Ⲵڊ‬ᝏߣ ᝏ ᇊ Ǆᡁ਼⧠ク儈䐏ᛵо㕐䏣ᴹєњᛵӪⲴ

㧢”Ǆ

䗷Ⲵ㝊䜭 ᖸ㜶ᕡˈަ僻䜘

⧠⣦ᛵᶕᙍ㘳

ᛵլ⛩Ǆ 俆‫ˈݸ‬ᆳ Ԝ䜭ՊՔ ᇣ ྭྭⲴ䓛փǄྭᝏ кᝏᡰ䘠ˈᡁԜᐢ㓿⸕䚃Ҷ㕐䏣ՊԔྭྭ Ⲵ 僘 ᇶᓖվᖸཊˈ⭊㠣ԔྭԜ䎠䎧䐟ᶕ䜭䶎ᑨ䳮Ǆṩᦞ 1998 ᒤ Marc Linder о Charles L. Saltzman Ⲵᝏㄐ“A History of

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

Medical Scientists on High Heels”ˈク儈䐏

ড֯ӗྭᛵ⭏ᆙᆀ Ⲵᝏᝏ‫ى‬н㜭ᴹ䏣ཏ

ᛵⲴྭྭᴰᴹਟ㜭Պ䏣䜘⯬Ⰻǃ㝊䜘ਇՔǃ 㟍‫ޣ‬㢲⯬Ⰻǃ㛼

Ⲵᛵ≄ᢺᆙᆀ ᧘ᛵᶕǄഐѪ⭏ᆙᆀ䴰㾱ᖸ

䜘⯬Ⰻ ㅹㅹ Ǆо↔਼ᝏˈ 䳮ᖸҏᛵࣘ㞠ᕟⲴᵜสᴰ䘎

ᕪᴹᛵⲴ㚼㚹ˈ㘼↓ᱟഐѪ ク儈䐏ᛵˈ㚼㚹 Ⲵᛵᓖ㻛ᛵᕡ

‫ڊ‬ᛵǄ↔ཆˈ ⭡Ҿ ク儈䐏ᛵԔྭྭⲴ㞯䜘㚼㚹

6 ҶǄ

ਈᗇᖸᕡˈ ᡰԕˈク儈䐏ᛵᛵᖸབྷ〻ᓖкՊ䙐ᡀ⭏㛢 ˈ䲙䛓ԕ਼ ˈഐѪ⋑ᴹ㕐䏣Ⲵ䲀ᛵˈྭྭਟԕ ণˈ↔ഐ֯ク儈䐏 ᛵՊᑖᶕᖸཊ⯮ᛵˈྭ Ӫᛵᝏᝏᛵク儈䐏ᛵǄ ᙫ㘼䀰ѻˈӾ㕐䏣ᝏᝏԓᛵ儈䐏ᛵᝏᝏԓˈ ᛵᛵᐕǃҐ ᆖ Ⲵྭྭ❦㲭ߥᴹᡰᝏழˈнᝏ䗷ሩᛵՊ㘼䀰ˈྭྭⲴཆ䊼䘈ᱟᴰ 䟽㾱Ⲵˈ

ྭԜᛵ㓸㻛㿶Ѫ“┲ӞⲴь㾯”ᛵӪԜ⅓䍿

The University of Iowa

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

ቡᛵ䐏儈クˈ⅑ަ‫ۿ‬㕐䏣ˈণ֯ᛵ㺘䶒к ᆳ㺘䗮Ҷྭྭ9Ǆ⭡↔ਟ㿱ˈྭྭⲴӪᙗԧ٬ᒦ⋑ᴹᗇ 䖳儈 ⲴᛵՊൠս˗Ӿ␡ ቲᶕ䈤ˈᆳ Ԝ䜭ᢺྭྭ㿶ѪӪԜ“⅓䍿 ᛵṩᵜⲴᨀ儈 Ǆഐ↔ˈᡁњӪ䇔Ѫ ク儈䐏 ᛵ Ⲵ ь㾯”Ǆԕᛵˈ㕐䏣Ⲵྭྭ䜭ᱟᶕ㠚ᴹ䫡ǃ ᴹᛵ

ᛵѾ ㅹ ਼Ҿਖཆаᛵ㕐䏣ˈഐѪ ᆳ ྭ㕐䏣 аṧ䇙ྭྭ䓛ᗳⰋ㤖ǄᡁⵏᗳᐼᵋᛵՊ ሩྭྭⲴԧ٬ḷ߶㜭

ՊൠսⲴ ᇦᓝǄྭӺˈク儈䐏ᛵⲴྭ ᆙ䙊ᑨᱟ⁑⢩ǃ╄ઈǃ 儈ᇈㅹㅹ Ǆн䗷䈤 ᇎ䈍ˈク儈䐏ᛵᡆ㕐䏣䜭

ཏᴹᡰᝏਈˈн㾱ᛵ 㔝㔗‫ྭ⌘ޣ‬Ԝ ク н ク儈䐏ᛵˈ

н㇇ᱟⵏ↓ѪྭᝏҶѪᱟ㘼ˈᛵ⵰Ӫ‫ڊ‬㔉ᛵӪⴻˈ㔉ᛵӪ⅓ 䍿

㕐н㕐䏣˗ ৫䈕ᓄˈᛵᛵ‫ྭ⌘ޣ‬ԜⲴⵏ↓㜭ᛵ

Ǆॱҍц㓚ⲴྭྭѪҶঊᗇ⭧ӪⲴ⅒ᗳˈ ѪҶ䇙䛓Ӌ⭧ӪၦྭԜ㘼

ԕ৺ሩ

㕐䏣Ǆ਼ṧˈᖃ ӺⲴྭྭѪҶ㘱ᶯ㜭䳷⭘

Պᛵ‫ڊ‬ᛵⲴ䍑⥞Ǆ 7

ྭԜˈѪҶ䇙 ᛵՊ䇔਼ྭԜⲴ

㖾ѭ㘼ク儈䐏ᛵǄ䘉䈤ᝏ ѝഭྭྭӾਔԓᛵ⧠ᛵаⴤ

৲㘳䍴ᝏ˖

㻛㿶Ѫ“ᛵӪ ⅓䍿Ⲵь㾯“ˈ⋑ᴹ਼⭏ਈेǄԕᛵᛵ

Պᝏ ௌ ⅒“йረ䠁㧢 ”Ⲵ 㝊 ˈᖃӺ ᛵ Պௌ ⅒“ᴹ 兵ᛵ”Ⲵ 㝊 Ǆ ク儈䐏 ᛵ о 㕐䏣䜭 վᛵҶྭ

(1998). A history of medical scientists on

ྭⲴӪᙗԧ٬Ǆ㲭❦བྷ䜘ྭᛵӪਟ㜭Պᛵ 傣䈤ク儈䐏

International Journal of Health Services,

ᛵᱟྭԜ㠚ᐡⲴ䘹ᝏˈն䛓ᱟᝏྭԜਇᛵՊབྷ⧟ຳ Ⲵᖡᛵᡰ㠤

28(2), 201-225.

ǄᛵՊሩྭ Ӫ㖾ѭⲴḷ߶㾱≲ྭԜᗵ享ク к 儈䐏ᛵ

2. Lim, Louisa. (2007, March19). Painful

ˈ 䘉ṧᛵ㜭䇙ྭӪⴻк৫ᴤ┲Ӟǃᴤ࿙ᛵ 8˗

Memories for China’s Foot binding

Linder, M., & Saltzman, C. L.

high heels.

Survivors. npr. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.ph p?storyId=8966942

⭏䇽㺘 1. 㕙ᖡǏsuō yǐngǐminiature 2. ‫؍‬䳌Ǐbǎo zhàngǐsafeguard 3. 僻䜘Ǐkuān bùǐhip

5. ਆ㕄Ǐqǔ dìǐoutlaw; ban

4. ᛵ䎆Ǐyī làiǐrely on; depend on

6. ᛵᕡǏxuē ruòǐweaken

ት㦧 े㖾ѝᝏᆖ⭏Ґᛵ䘹ᛵ ㅜ ॱᵏ

ᛵՊᙍ㘳

7. 䳷⭘Ǐgù yòngǐemploy; hire

❦ᴹᝏᝏᡁԜՊഐѪᛵᛵᛵᛵ㍟〟ᡀኡ㘼 ᝏ㿹ᛵ䛱䰧

8. ࿙ᛵǏwǔ mèiǐlovely; charming

нᘛˈᴹᝏᝏ⭊㠣ᝏ㿹㾱ヂᛵ 3ˈ նᡁ㿹ᗇ䘉аᝏ ᛵ䜭ਟԕ䇙

9. ⅓䍿Ǐxīn shǎngǐappreciate

ᡁԜᨀ儈䆖㿹ᙗǄ ᖃᛵᛵཆ⭼ᛵᛵᶕѤᝏᝏˈᡁԜⲴ㝁㓶㜎 Պӗ⭏аӋे ᆖ ᡀᛵˈ 㔉ᡁԜ 䓛 փ 䆖 ᛵ ᶕᝏᝏᛵਆ䟷

ؑᛵǄаᝏᡁԜⲴ 䓛 փᗇᛵ䙊 ⸕ԕ਼ ˈᆳ ᛵᛵⲴ䟽㾱ᙗ

Պቡ‫؍‬ᣔ㠚ᐡǄᡁԜⲴ㠚❦ᵜ 㜭оᵜᙗᑨᑨᛵ䇹ᡁԜ㾱䟷

䱸ᱡᛵ˄Evelyn Yu-Chun Chen˅ ⡡㦧ॾབྷ ᆖ ѝᝏӄᒤ㓗

⭘ 㛒 փкⲴ਼ ⋴

ᝏᔿᶕ㓮䀓

ྭ∄ˈᛵᛵ‫ڕ‬䓛䘀઼ࣘ

ྭᙗԜᴰ⡡Ⲵ䙋㺇䜭ᱟаӋᑨ㿱Ⲵ䀓ᛵᝏᝏ ᔿǄਟԕ㓮䀓

˄University of Iowa˅

ᛵᛵⲴ਼⋴ᝏᝏᔿ䘈ᴹᖸཊˈ ྲֻ ‫⧸⪌ڊ‬ਟԕᑞࣙӪԜ㡂㕃ᗳᛵˈራ≲ ᡁԜⲴᛵᛵᛵᛵᛵᓅӾଚ䟼ᶕ˛Ѫ ӰѸӪԜᴹᛵᛵᝏᝏᑨᑨՊᗳᛵ䛱䰧

ᴻ৻Ⲵᑞࣙҏਟԕ⭘ᶕᛵ䖫ᛵᛵǄ

1 ᛵ˛

ᛵᡁؑᛵᛵ㜭ᨀ儈 ӪԜⲴ䆖㿹ᙗˈᆳ 䇙ᡁԜ䆖ᝏ

ᴹᛵᛵᛵᓅᱟԦྭһ䘈ᱟൿһ˛ᛵᡁԜⲴ ᛵ

6ਆ䟷ྭ߶ˈ‫؍‬ᣔᛵᝏ ᝏˈҏ㜭

ՊкᴹཊቁһᛵᱟഐѪᛵᛵ㘼ᡀᛵᡆཡ

ᑖ㔉ᡁԜᴤཊ䉘ᛵ

7 ᙍ㘳Ⲵ

オ

䰤Ǆᝏ䇪䙷ᝏᛵӰѸഠ䳮ᡆᱟަᴹေ 㛱ᙗⲴһԦˈᡁԜ 㠚

䍕Ⲵᛵ?

❦Պᴹ䇨ཊ䓛ᗳⲴн ᆹˈ䇨ཊⲴ㤖ᚬˈ ᒦᝏᛵ㍗ᕐǃ❖㲁 8Ǆն䘉аᛵ䓛ᗳⲴᛵ

ᡈ䜭ՊᡀѪᑞࣙᡁԜᡀ䮯Ⲵ䟽㾱

ഐ ㍐ Ǆᡰ ԕᝏ䇪ᴹཊབྷⲴᛵᛵˈਚ㾱ᡁԜ⭘↓ᛵⲴ ᘱᓖ৫䶒ሩˈᛵᛵᛵᛵ䜭Պ㻛े䀓ᛵᴰ䖫Ǆ ᛵᛵᱟ⇿њӪӪ⭏Ⲵа䜘ᛵˈн㇑ᛵᛵᛵ ᓅᱟྭ䘈 ⭏⍫ᛵᘉ⺼

ⲴᛵᐲѝˈᡁԜ

Պᴹ䇨

ᱟൿˈᆳሩᡁԜ⇿њӪⲴ⭏ભ䜭

Ӫ⭏⍫ѝ䘈ᱟᛵᐕ

ཊⲴᛵᛵǄн䇪ᱟᛵ⿱ ᛵ઼ ᆖ ҐкˈᡁԜⲴᛵᛵᝏᝏ

䜭

䜭ᛵкॷǄ 㲭 The University of Iowa

中文汉字书写比赛

国际汉语应用语言学研讨会

Chinese Character Handwriting Contest

International Symposium on Chinese Applied Linguistics

春节晚会 – 包汤圆

Chinese Spring Festival Celebration – Wrap Sweet Dumplings

2013 年中文部除夕聚会

2013 Chinese Program New Year’s Eve Party

Call for Essays to the JUHE SUPPLEMENT 居荷副刊（北美中文学生习作选刊） JUHE SUPPLEMENT 居荷副刊 is an annual magazine dedicated to the publication of fine Chinese essays written by learners of Chinese as a foreign language for the purpose of promoting Chinese study in North America. It provides a venue for learners to practice good penmanship and to share their ideas, inspirations, and successes in their Chinese learning. We welcome students of Chinese nationwide to submit their writings. We accept essays anytime during the year. All submissions should be sent electronically. The essays should be complete articles with clear topics in 200-2000 words accordingly. There is no limitation of the topics. Both traditional and simplified characters will work. Once the essay is accepted for publication, the contributor will receive one copy of the JUHE SUPPLEMENT. For the collection of JUHE SUPPLEMENT, please visit http://clas.uiowa.edu/dwllc/asll/chinese-language-program/activities#Collection Please include contact information in your submission and send your essays to: Yupeng Kou （寇昱鹏）, Editor of next issue: yupeng-kou@uiowa.edu

The Chinese Program Department of Asian & Slavic Languages & Literatures The University of Iowa March 2014