Dynasty Magazine - Issue 06

WHAT IS FOREX? Forex, or foreign exchange, can be explained as a network of buyers and sellers, who transfer currency between each other at an agreed price.

It is the means by which individuals, companies and central banks convert one currency into another – if you have ever travelled abroad, and then it is likely you have made a forex transaction.

While a lot of foreign exchange is done for practical purposes, the vast majority of currency conversion is undertaken with the aim of earning a profit. The amount of currency converted every day can make price movements of some currencies extremely volatile. It is this volatility that can make forex so attractive to traders: bringing about a greater chance of high profits, while also increasing the risk.

Discover a range of other benefits of forex trading How do currency markets work?

Unlike shares or commodities, forex trading does not take place on exchanges but directly between two parties, in an over-the-counter (OTC) market. The forex market is run by a global network of banks, spread across four major forex trading centres in different time zones: London, New York, Sydney and Tokyo. Because there is no central location, you can trade forex 24 hours a day.

There are three different types of forex market: Spot forex market: the physical exchange of a currency pair, which takes place at the exact point the trade is settled – ie ‘on the spot’ – or within a short period of time Forward forex market: a contract is agreed to buy or sell a set amount of a currency at a specified price, to be settled at a set date in the future or within a range of future dates Future forex market: a contract is agreed to buy or sell a set amount of a given currency at a set price and date in the future. Unlike forwards, a futures contract is legally binding Most traders speculating on forex prices will not plan to take delivery of the currency itself; instead they make exchange rate predictions to take advantage of price movements in the market.

What is a base and quote currency?

A base currency is the first currency listed in a forex pair, while the second currency is called the quote currency. Forex trading always involves selling one currency in order to buy another, which is why it is quoted in pairs – the price of a forex pair is how much one unit of the base currency is worth in the quote currency.

Each currency in the pair is listed as a three-letter code, which tends to be formed of two letters that stand for the region, and one standing for the currency itself. For example, GBP/USD is a currency pair that involves buying the Great British pound and selling the US dollar.

Forex trading - base and quote currency To keep things ordered, most providers split pairs into the following categories: Major pairs. Seven currencies that make up 80% of global forex trading. Includes EUR/ USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD and USD/CHF Minor pairs. Less frequently traded, these often feature major currencies against each other instead of the US dollar. Includes: EUR/GBP, EUR/CHF, GBP/JPY Exotics. A major currency against one from a

small or emerging economy. Includes: USD/ PLN, GBP/MXN, EUR/CZK Regional pairs. Pairs classified by region – such as Scandinavia or Australasia. Includes: EUR/NOK, AUD/NZD, AUD/SGD What moves the forex market?

The forex market is made up of currencies from all over the world, which can make exchange rate predictions difficult as there are many factors that could contribute to price movements. However, like most financial markets, forex is primarily driven by the forces of supply and demand, and it is important to gain an understanding of the influences that drives price fluctuations here.

Central banks Supply is controlled by central banks, who can announce measures that will have a significant effect on their currency’s price.

Quantitative easing, for instance, involves injecting more money into an economy, and can cause its currency’s price to drop.

News reports Commercial banks and other investors tend to want to put their capital into economies that have a strong outlook. So, if a positive piece of news hits the markets about a certain region, it will encourage investment and increase demand for that region’s currency

Unless there is a parallel increase in supply for the currency, the disparity between supply and demand will cause its price to increase. Similarly, a piece of negative news can cause investment to decrease and lower a currency’s price. This is why currencies tend to reflect the reported economic health of the region they represent.

Market sentiment Market sentiment, which is often in reaction to the news, can also play a major role in driving currency prices. If traders believe that a currency is headed in a certain direction, they will trade accordingly and may convince others to follow suit, increasing or decreasing demand.

How does forex trading work?

There are a variety of different ways that you can trade forex, but they all work the same way: by simultaneously buying one currency while selling another. Traditionally, a lot of forex transactions have been made via a forex broker, but with the rise of online trading you can take advantage of forex price movements using derivatives like CFD trading.

CFDs are leveraged products, which enable you to open a position for a just a fraction of the full value of the trade. Unlike non-leveraged products, you don’t take ownership of the asset, but take a position on whether you think the market will rise or fall in value.

Although leveraged products can magnify your profits, they can also magnify losses if the market moves against you.

Learn more about how to trade forex What is the spread in forex trading?

The spread is the difference between the buy and sell prices quoted for a forex pair. Like many financial markets, when you open a forex position you’ll be presented with two prices. If you want to open a long position, you trade at the buy price, which is slightly above the market price. If you want to open a short position, you trade at the sell price – slightly below the market price.

What is a lot in forex?

Currencies are traded in lots – batches of currency used to standardise forex trades. As forex tends to move in small amounts, lots tend to be very large: a standard lot is 100,000 units of the base currency. So, because individual traders won’t necessarily have 100,000 pounds (or whichever currency they’re trading) to place on every trade, almost all forex trading is leveraged.

What is leverage in forex?

Leverage is the means of gaining exposure to large amounts of currency without having to pay the full value of your trade upfront. Instead, you put down a small deposit, known as margin. When you close a leveraged position, your profit or loss is based on the full size of the trade.

Learn more about how leverage works While that does magnify your profits, it also brings the risk of amplified losses – including losses that can exceed your margin. Leveraged trading therefore makes it extremely important to learn how to manage your risk.

Learn how to manage your risk What is margin in forex?

Margin is a key part of leveraged trading. It is the term used to describe the initial deposit you put up to open and maintain a leveraged position. When you are trading forex with margin, remember that your margin requirement will change depending on your broker, and how large your trade size is.

Margin is usually expressed as a percentage of the full position. So, a trade on EUR/GBP, for instance, might only require 3.33% of the total value of the position to be paid in order for it to be opened. So instead of depositing £100,000, you’d only need to deposit £3300.

In April, the CDC added new symptoms of the disease to its list, shedding more light on how the virus infects patients.

The symptoms now include: a cough, shortness of breath, fever, chills, repeated shaking with chills, muscle pain, headache, sore throat and a loss of taste or smell.

more widespread than current testing numbers suggest.

Why outbreaks like coronavirus spread exponentially and how to “flatten the curve”

Covid-19 spreads more easily than SARS and is similar to other coronaviruses that cause cold-like symptoms, experts have said. It appears to be highly transmissible, and since cases are mild, the disease may be

How deadly is it and who is most at risk?

Public health officials say the novel coronavirus is less deadly than SARS, which killed about 10 percent of people who were infected during the outbreak that began in 2002.

But epidemiologists are still trying to determine exactly how deadly covid-19 is.

Similar to other respiratory illnesses, older people and those with illnesses such as diabetes and high blood pressure are at increased risk. Data show that the virus is killing more men than women in the U.S. But, as with other diseases,

there can be tremendous individual variation in how people respond. There will be people with known risk factors who recover as well as people who develop severe cases for reasons we don’t understand.

the virus spreads “easily and sustainably” between people. The agency added that contaminated objects, surfaces and infected animals do not appear to be significant modes of transmission.

There’s also no evidence that children are more prone to contracting covid-19, according to the CDC, and that was also the case with the diseases cousins, SARS and MERS.

The virus travels through the droplets a person produces when talking or coughing, the CDC website says. An individual does not need to feel sick or show symptoms to spread it.

How does it spread?

The coronavirus primarily spreads from person to person and not easily from a contaminated surface. In updated guidance issued in late-May, the CDC said

How should I protect myself?

There are some basic precautions you can take, which are the same as what you should be doing every day to stave off other respiratory diseases. You’ve seen the guidance before: Wash your hands regularly. Cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze.

And when you’re sick, stay home from work or school and drink lots of fluids.

The CDC recommends washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after using the bathroom, before eating and after blowing your nose or sneezing. It also advises not to touch your eyes, nose and mouth and to clean objects and surfaces you touch often.

STATS Reported deaths 646,000 Reported cases 16,291,000

What’s it like to have covid-19?

Symptoms are primarily respiratory. Coughing and shortness of breath are common, according to the CDC. Fever is also possible. The

severity of the symptoms depends highly on the patient’s age and immune system.

Disease Control and Prevention — which recently dubbed the condition MIS-C or multisystem inflammatory For the elderly and those syndrome in children — has with underlying heart disexpressed alarm about the ease, diabetes or other condi- rapid decline of patients with tions, coronavirus can cause the illness. The health agency pneumonia and lead to organ and major medical groups failure and death. But for have urged parents to seek most people, cases have been an urgent evaluation if they mild, requiring little to no suspect their child may have medical intervention the condition.

What is the Kawasaki disease?

Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory disease affecting children. In May, doctors identified a syndrome similar to Kawasaki that appeared to be triggered by covid-19.

When the puzzling connection first emerged, public health warnings focused on young patients, who have suffered symptoms that look more like traditional Kawasaki, which is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels.

But in the weeks that followed, some doctors said they began to see the illness in young adults and teens, which have more of an “overwhelming” response involving the heart and multiple organs.

The syndrome appears to be rare, but the Centres for

Should I see a doctor?

primary care doctors are exploring how to It is a good idea to call your administer the tests in their offices, but many primary-care doctor if you are reluctant because have both a fever and a it carries risks for their cough, experts said. And if you have shortness of breath, staff and other patients. unremitting fever, weakness Other hospitals and or lethargy, it’s definitely localities are setting up time to get in touch with testing locations away a health-care professional, from emergency rooms, they say. Those could be clinics and doctors’ signs of pneumonia, which is common in severe cases of offices to minimize the risk of health care workers coronavirus. and other patients being infected. And, in declaring a The Centres for Disease national emergency, Trump Control and Prevention said the administration will also recommends that you work with retailers like Walseek medical help if you Mart and Target to develop recently travelled to a coronavirus-infected area or had drive-through testing clinics across the country. close contact with a known infected person and have a fever, a cough or trouble breathing.

How can I get tested?

If you have mild symptoms, you probably won’t be. If you are sick enough to be hospitalized, you’ll likely get tested. If you are in the middle group, it’s unclear.

And even as more tests are being manufactured and shipped around the country, many public health labs receiving them don’t have enough staff or equipment to meet the testing need. Some medical centres are offering their own tests, and some

How long will I have to social distance?

The most honest answer, according to experts, is: “It depends.” It’s not going to be over anytime soon — a matter of months rather than weeks. And a few key factors will determine just how many months.

First, it depends on when U.S. cases finally reach their peak — a time that’s impossible to predict because of how limited testing remains in America. And even af-

ter the peak, we may need drastic actions to keep the virus at bay. It also depends on how the virus behaves, and whether it’ll be affected by the change of seasons like the flu.

But, ultimately, how well America is able to flatten and bend its epidemiological curve of infections depends largely on how willing people will be to sacrifice individual conveniences and on their desire to save the lives of others.

“I don’t know if people are ready now for how long they’re probably going to have to keep up this social distancing," said Natalie Dean, a biostatistician at the University of Florida.

"But as they see the hospital situation get more extreme, I think that attitude will change.”

What does a stay-athome order mean and how long will it last?

the spread of the coronavirus, a reversal of the administration’s earlier recommendations.

This depends on where you live. Almost all states issued a sweeping directive, but in some places, cities and counties enacted their own measures. In all, 315 million Americans were affected.

Most orders allowed residents to leave their homes to shop for groceries and other essentials, to exercise outdoors, to go to the doctor and to pick up prescriptions. But each jurisdiction had its own list of do’s and don’ts.

The guidance makes clear that wearing face coverings or cloth masks is an additional public health measure to prevent the spread of the virus, not a substitute for social distancing. Social distancing of at least six feet is still recommended even when wearing a mask. Guidance and internal memos from CDC emphasize that a cloth facial mask is intended not so much to protect the

Georgia, Tennessee and Florida were among the first states to begin lifting restrictions — a move that experts and math models say will almost certainly lead to more infections and deaths. Other places, like New York City and California, have taken a more cautious approach. The Post is keeping track of how states reopen.

Should I wear a mask?

President Trump announced new guidance in April that people in the U.S. wear face coverings in public to slow

contact, for example.

When will it end?

This coronavirus could follow a seasonal pattern, peaking in the winter months. It could infect lots of people now and then recede in the Northern Hemisphere before returning in the fall.

“This virus can do anything it wants,” said Allison McGee, an infectious-disease epidemiologist at the University of Toronto. “That pattern of how it’s going to spread is completely unknown, but it is critical to what the burden is going to be to all of us. … It could be just wearer but like another coronavirus, to help prevent a bunch of colds. It could people who do not know be like a regular flu season. they are infected from spreadIt’s possible it could be differing of the virus to others. ent and worse.”

The new CDC guidance was prompted by increasing evidence that infected people without symptoms can spread the coronavirus. Simple cloth masks that cover the mouth and nose can prevent virus transmission from such individuals when they are out buying groceries, where people may come into closer

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Woman Of Purpose

Sibonisile Lenity Mahlangu We spoke to Lenity Mahlangu to find out what she has been up to the passed few months, and also her journey into a purpose filled life.

Kriel High School)

Why did you choose this particular path that you have?

I serve for a living, I am a brand called Ibhudango Lam it's all about Empowerment, Growth and Change, I am not specific on what we focus on, me Serving focuses on all aspects of life. I am an inspirational speaking, Mentor, Developer, Philanthropist, Events Co-ordinator and Make-Up artist.

I'd say I didn't choose this particular path, this path chose me, it’s within me & I believe it's what I was born to do.

I can't choose what's already in me I just have to unleash it.

What has inspired you into playing this role in the community?

Who is Sibonisile Lenity Mahlangu?

Sibonsile Lenity Mahlangu born and bred in Thubelihle Kriel, She attended school at Kwanala Primary, Learskool Onverwacht and

Being alive in purpose, the love I have for Empowerment, Growth & Change and My love for people is indescribable, I always want to make a difference and leave a mark with living a purposeful life that's my biggest inspiration

Who are you working with at the moment and are there any surprises to look out for?

The Holy Trinity helps me carry out my purpose everyday This makes me believe that am in the right path because ABBA is in control of everything; I am part of Women of Purpose NPC in partnership with Siphelele Mahlangu and Mpumi Nene.

The future is full of surprises that I also don't know of because I don't know the plan of my life only God does, He leads me towards what He has planned for my life and I work with to get there.

Is there anything you would like to share with the youth and women in SA? Women are the most powerful and gifted beings especially black women, God never made a mistake by creating you, He knew exactly what He was doing, He was specific in planning out your life, the best thing you can ever do is to tap into what He has created to do life will have so much purpose and fulfilment then, it’s also important to focus on growth on all aspects of your life,there are 6 of them and all of them are important,focusing on only

one messes up the other aspects. Find balance in your Spiritual life, Emotional, Intellectual, Social, and Physical, Work/Career (Finances) then transform, once you focus on one your life becomes imbalanced All aspects are important Lastly live a life from within not without so you never run out

Summer is upon us and we took a little trip to Secunda, a small town in the province of Mpumalanga and met up with Angie Mabhena. She is a fitness fanatic, a mother, a wife and also a sister, she shares about who she is and how fitness has changed and influenced her life.

WHO IS ANGIE ?

Am a mother of two daughters aged 12 and 8. Being in a stable relationship for four years and counting we are blessed with a blended family of five including my step son who is 14 years old now.

I reside in Secunda Mpumalanga, a very small yet highly populated town. Was born and bred here.

I work a 12 hour shift job which includes night shifts for a petrochemical company situated in Secunda.

In my spare time I work out and help others like me who want to better them and lead a healthier lifestyle.

WHY FITNESS AND HOW DID IT BECOME YOUR PASSION? I remember when I first started gym about 10 years ago. It was two years after giving birth to my daughter. I had gained baby weight obviously and was determined to lose it. Just when I thought ah! Am finally okay with my body and had lost some of the weight I fell pregnant with my second daughter, and whoop came back all the weight and more. Went from a 55kg to 64kg! In a nut shell my goal was to lose weight initially, but there was a magical feel to the gym. Just from looking around you could tell that the people in there were a little bit different from the people who didn’t spend any time working out or exercising. We had all come for different reasons, but we were all there, which to me is an act of will. I showed up at gym but wasn’t consistent. I would gain and loose and gain back the weight if not even

more. It was unhealthy, would get sick more often, felt tired half the time. My kids were growing and it was becoming even more difficult to keep up with them.

I made a decision to be consistent in my workouts 3 years ago. Best decision ever! A decade later though under the circumstances of the pandemic I still have the will power, but no longer care whether or not I look like my 20 yr. old self. Over the years it has become just as a spiritual thing as it is a physical appearance, it is about the physical capability. I am amazed at what my body can do now; I can sprint, pull and push my body weight, lift objects of various weights, whenever and wherever I need to. I feel alive by moving. A regular dose of feeling alive is vital to the mental and physical well-being for everyone. The point I want to me make is that whatever your reasons are initially, if you don’t give up and quit, over time there is a good chance that your reasons for continuing will change and perhaps contain more depth. Maybe today you say that you want to lose weight. Five years into it you might tell people you do it because it makes you a better person.

WHAT ARE YOU CURRENTLY WORKING ON AND WITH WHO? Recently started a side business through fitness, I am helping others like me who wish to loose or even gain weight, or better their overall health through exercise by providing workout guides, meals guides, supplement advice and online workouts. It has been challenging with the COVID 19 pandemic and lockdown resulting in fitness centres being closed. Transitioning from a fully equipped gym to a home space with minimal to no workout equipment can be very frustrating, giving up is imminent. That’s where I come in; I provide my clients and followers with easy yet effective workouts they can perform at home with little or no equipment. Currently not working with any big names or company but, it’s in the pipeline *wink*.

HOW HAS THIS PANDEMIC CHALLENGED YOU ?

In the current pandemic, navigating proper precautions, including social and physical distancing while exercising can be challeng-

ing. Gyms being closed meant we no longer have the luxury of gym equipment, trainers or even workout space. Motivation is much challenged in this regard, which often leads to stress eating and anxiety. I had to teach myself and motivate myself to work out from home. With guide from the Internet and social media; I was able to get motivation and guidance as to how I can stay on the fitness wagon. Not only did the pandemic bring challenges to us fitness enthusiasts; it also brought about new opportunities. I was able to work out and make my workouts available on social media platforms that meant anyone who visits my social pages had access to my workouts. I’ve received so much good feedback and my social media following grew. Today am proud to say I make a bit of an income helping others like me reach their fitness goals from home.

WORD OF ENCOURAGE FOR OUR READERS? 5. While the pandemic may have drained some of your desire to work out, It is also the reason you shouldn’t stop working out. Nothing is more important right now that everyone’s overall health. My advice is establishing a routine, plan your workout sessions beforehand that way you know what you’re doing. To stay motivated

I play my favourite playlist, wear my favourite gym wear, and taking pictures and videos throughout my workouts is very motivating, you get to see changes to your body happen, fitness level spiking too...

LA LIGA WRAP UP – 2020

more points than anyone else. It's bloody fantastic."

Madrid have also been awarded five penalties during the run-in, some of them controversially, and this one caused a stir too as Sergio Ramos tried to roll the ball to Benzema, who finished, but had entered the area too early.

MADRID - Real Madrid were crowned La Liga champions for the 34th time on Thursday after Karim Benzema scored twice in a 2-1 victory over Villarreal which clinched the title with one game to spare.

Much to Villarreal's irritation, Madrid were allowed to retake and this time Benzema's double included a second-half Benzema made no mistake, before Vipenalty at the empty Alfredo di Stefano cente Iborra headed in what proved a late Stadium as Madrid moved seven points consolation. clear to end Barcelona's two-year hold on "It's a prize for all the work we've done, the trophy. this is the reward," said Ramos. "We have Barca had to prevail against Osasuna at home and hope Madrid slipped up but their fading challenge ended with a 2-1 defeat at Camp Nou, despite a brilliant Lionel Messi free-kick.

It means Madrid claim their third La Liga title in 12 years, after a relentless run of form since Spanish football resumed on June 11 following the coronavirus pandemic.

Zinedine Zidane's side have won 10 games out 10 since the restart. They have conceded four goals in that time and never been behind in a match.

"For me this is one of the best days in my professional career," said Zidane. "After lockdown and everything, it's astonishing."

Asked if it trumps the Champions League titles Madrid won in his first spell as manager, Zidane said: "This is better than anything. It takes a tremendous effort to win La Liga. After 38 matches, you have

SETIEN UNDER PRESSURE AT BARCA After three months away, Barcelona had returned sitting top of the table but draws with Sevilla, struggling Celta Vigo and Atletico Madrid allowed Madrid to take charge.

Barca were also in first place when they sacked Ernesto Valverde in January and while the club's problems go deeper than their coach, Quique Setien's position will come under scrutiny.

"Things have to change," said Messi. "Everyone here in the club will be feeling very angry about what has happened this season and that's normal. The players feel like that too."

Messi added: "We have to be self-critical, starting with the players, but across the whole club."

Barcelona president Josep Maria Bartomeu said this week that Setien will remain in charge for next month's Champions League tie against Napoli but the coach's decision to leave Luis Suarez out of the starting lineup for a second consecutive game will raise questions.

Yet few could argue Madrid deserve the title and it was fitting that Benzema delivered it, his double taking his tally for the season to 26 in all competitions.

His first came after 28 minutes when Casemiro stole possession in midfield and freed Luka Modric. He slid through Benzema, who fired through the legs of Sergio Asenjo.

Ramos had scored five goals himself since

the restart and could have had a sixth after he was tripped by the dangling leg of Sofian Chakla.

But his ploy to tee up Benzema backfired when his teammate encroached too ear . Benzema converted the re-take.

Iborra headed in Mario Gaspar's cross to set up a nervy finish but Barcelona were still being held by Osasuna.

Messi's curling free-kick into the top corner had cancelled out Osasuna's opener from Jose Arnaiz, once of Barca B. But Osasuna had a final trick up their sleeve as Roberto Torres finished at the back post to wrap up Barca's miserable night at the end of a turbulent season.

Real Mallorca's hopes of survival are over after they lost 2-1 at home to Granada but Alaves guaranteed their safety by winning at Real Betis.

With Espanyol already down, the final relegation spot will be between Celta Vigo, who lost 3-2 to Levante, and Leganes, who beat Athletic Bilbao 2-0.

Leganes are a point behind and play on Sunday at home to Real Madrid while Celta visit Espanyol.

WILL NEVER WALK ALONE LIVERPOOL, England — The first fireworks burst into the clear, still sky a few minutes early, a thud, a fizz and a crackle of what was to come. It had not happened — not quite, not yet — but after 30 long years, a little impatience was understandable.

A long, sultry day, the hottest of the year, had given way to a warm, quiet evening. The fireworks broke the peace, heralded the shift. Then came the car horns, blaring and echoing around empty streets, a joyous Morse code in their short, sharp blasts, summoning people from their homes, confirming that the moment had arrived.

In London, Chelsea had beaten Manchester City, 2-1.

Liverpool’s lead at the summit of the Premier League had been first impressive, then daunting, then unimaginable. Now, at last, it was insurmountable. For the first time since 1990, Liverpool was champion of England.

And then, almost out of nowhere, the pilgrimage began. The tight streets around the club’s stadium choked with traffic. Flags fluttered from windows, scarves twirled above heads. Around them, the sidewalks were suddenly filled with people: hundreds and hundreds all of the same mind, all with the same destination, all drawn to Anfield.

They converged outside the Kop. They clambered up the Shankly Gates and along the wrought-iron railings, some with masks, but most without. They set off fireworks and smoke bombs, firecrackers and flares.

The air grew thick with cordite. They sang of glories past and, with vigor and relish, they sang of glory present, the glory of the moment they had all awaited.

It was not, of course, quite as they imagined it, not quite how it was meant to be. That Liverpool would win the title this season has been all but certain for months: since Jürgen Klopp’s team went clear by beating Manchester City in November, maybe; since they dismantled Leicester City on Boxing Day, perhaps; since Mohamed Salah confirmed victory against Manchester United in January and even the Kop decided that it could afford to tempt fate.

All that has been left to decide was when, and how, the moment might arrive. For a while, Liverpool fans dreamed it might be on enemy territory, at Everton or at Manchester City, a dream and a nightmare all at once. Or perhaps it would be better for it to come at home, at Anfield, where the players could be with their people.

The pandemic, of course, changed all that. There would be no delirium inside a packed ground when the title was clinched. There would be no trophy parade, no garlands and confetti on the city’s streets. Whenever the title came, it would be celebrated without fans.

Through the shutdown, through those long, fretful days when the possibility of the Premier League’s season being cancelled entirely lingered in the spring air, it threatened not to come at all.

Liverpool’s league title was its 19th overall, but its first in the Premier League era.

Liverpool’s league title was its 19th overall, but its first in the Premier League era.

Credit...Jon Super/Associated Press For all the relief of the restart, Liverpool — the club and the fans — knew they would be denied that moment. On Wednesday night, after Klopp’s team had produced a display of swagger and power and intent against Crystal Palace to move to the brink of the title, the German manager had daydreamed what it would have been like with fans inside the stadium: the delirium of the goals, the noise, the fervour.

Instead, the moment, when it arrived, was a fractured, distant one. Liverpool’s players were at a hotel in Formby, watching the Chelsea, Manchester City game together, counting down the last few seconds before the title was won.

Liverpool’s fans were in their own homes and gardens, doing the same.

Perhaps, though, that was fitting. The history of Liverpool’s last three decades

suggests that it could only, really, have won the Premier League like this: by producing a season so imperious it was all but devoid of drama.

Every other modern incarnation of Liverpool, after all, has fallen short. The youthful, home-grown team of the mid1990s had brio and panache, but lacked grit and steel. Gerard Houllier’s obdurate, grizzled 2002 edition lacked imagination.

Rafael Benítez’s finest effort in 2009 ran into a superior Manchester United.

Brendan Rodgers came close, his frenetic, flawed team denied by a single slip from its shot at history in 2014. Klopp’s altogether more finessed version seemed to have missed out last year thanks to the relentlessness of Manchester City.

That year, Liverpool became the only team to lose just one game in a season and not win the league.

Only one team has ever lost just two games in a season

for

and failed to win the league, too.

There are no prizes guessing its identity.

By definition, perhaps, Liverpool needed a season like this: one defined not by a single moment but constructed of a series of moments. A championship might be won in one game, but it is defined by a string of them, each one adding something to the glory. The championship is the journey, as well as the destination. As Óscar Washington Tabárez, the great Uruguayan coach, always said, “The journey itself is the reward.”

Trent Alexander-Arnold during Wednesday’s dismantling of Crystal Palace at Anfield. The 4-0 victory served as the penultimate step in its title chase. It had the day off for the final one.

Trent Alexander-Arnold during Wednesday’s dismantling of Crystal Palace at Anfield. The 4-0 victory served as the penultimate step in its title chase. It had the day off for the final one.Credit...Pool photo by Phil Noble That, in time, is how Liverpool fans will come to remember this title: not defined by the most recent memory, but by all of the memories that led to it, just as the Champions League victory last season is defined

more by the defeat of Barcelona in the semifinal than the triumph against Tottenham a few weeks later. The last victory lends meaning; it is not meaning in itself.

That is what Liverpool’s fans came to celebrate, what drew them to Anfield: the season as a whole, not just its denouement. They should not have done that, really, either — both the club and the city’s authorities had asked them not to come, since social distancing rules remain in place, and large gatherings are still banned.

It should be noted that Liverpool’s fans are not the first group of people in Britain to decide that was really more of a guideline than a rule. A major incident had been declared at one beach on the south coast earlier in the day, after tens of thousands of people arrived for a day out.

It was not the moment they had wanted, but they were determined to celebrate the moment they had got. In the circumstances, too, maybe it was the most fitting moment: the title decided in a game no Liverpool fan would have attended anyway, a game where

their absence was not so significant; the title won so comprehensively that Liverpool did not even need to play to claim it.

That is how it had to be. Perhaps that is how it ought to have been. Liverpool, this club that used to win titles by muscle memory alone, that tasted success so often it forgot to savor it, has waited a long time for this moment. In time, the realization will dawn that the moment arrived a long time ago. The wait is over. It has been over for months.

Winters in South Africa are more like early Spring time and Autumn compared to the Northern hemisphere. We don’t really have a need for a “good coat” in that sense even when it gets chilly.

Being mainly surrounded by semi-desert, it can get cooler in the evenings during the autumn and winter months.

Cape Town is the southernmost region of the country, and continent, so we get considerably cooler weather with temperatures dropping down to an average of 11 – 13 degrees Celsius. This definitely does not stop Capetonians from still looking sharp and innovating the latest trends to fit the moderate climate down here. Let’s check out the style trends to hit the Mother city this winter in 2018.

Embellished Knits Nothing beats an oversized knit jersey to protect is from the icy winds that lap the peninsula.

Knitwear adorned decadently and tastefully with pearls, beads or any shiny adornment will be a popular trend this season.

Cape Town winter trends 2020 The Trench Coat In Cape Town, we can wear the trench throughout the winter months. We have plenty of sunny days with a crispy nip in the air. This makes the trench a great choice to wear during the days and night when the weather peaks over 15 degrees.

It’s warm, stylish and not too smothering for the South African sun in winter and autumn.

Cape Town winter trends 2020 trench coats Statement Sleeves Taken from the recent runways, the statement sleeve will definitely be a trend to dominant blouses, knits and tops. Whether, poufy, ballooned or highly structured, depending on your taste, bold sleeves will be a key factor for showing a bit of effort for work and play.

STOP GENDER BASED VIOLENC Miranda Jordan, of Woman and Men against Child Abuse (WMACA), has lamented the recent resurgence of violence in South Africa and condemned the brutal murder of several women.

“As an organisation, we but offer lip-service about GBV (gender-based violence) which results in orphaned children who are traumatised for the rest of their lives and that is not okay. We know that abuse, especially murder, is largely perpetrated by people known to the victims.” Jordan said underlying societal and relational issues that led to GBV had to be explored if we, as a country, hoped to find a solution for the rights, safety and abuse of women in communities.

“Femicide is a rampant disease that is festering in our society,” she said.

The ghastly recent murders include that of 25-year-old Naledi Phangindawo of Mossel Bay who was hacked to death with an axe and knife on 8 June 2020. The accused, 34-year-old, Mlondi Ntlangule, is set to appear in the Mossel Bay Magistrate’s court this week on a charge of murder.

News attention around the spate of killings shifted to Khayelitsha where the decomposed body of Sibongiseni Gabada, who had been missing for two weeks, was found in a bag on 29 May. The case against the man charged with her murder was provisionally withdrawn, meaning he is not completely off the hook.

However, regional National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) spokesperson Eric Ntabazalila said on Saturday, 13 June:

“Following the provisional withdrawal, the NPA has decided to review the decision. We have also requested an urgent further investigation to be done on the case.”

Meanwhile, police have made a breakthrough in the murder of 16-year-old Liyabona Mabishi, a lesbian, who was killed on 21 March, Human Rights Day. Mashibi was stabbed 13 times in a hate crime. Five suspects have been arrested and are due back in court on 6 July for a bail application.

On Friday, 12 June, the community of Belhar was shattered when police discovered the bodies of Altecia Kortjie and her seven-year-old daughter Raynecia. The mother had multiple stab wounds while the child was found on the bathroom floor. The pair had been missing since Monday, 8 June. A 28-year-old man, known to the victims, was arrested and will appear in court on Monday, 15 June.

“For sex workers, the threat is triple-fold because it also includes violence by the police who continue to harass and brutalise them. We have seen increased [instances] of profiling of sex workers by police when they are simply running errands or simply because they homeless.”

Moorreesburg activist and advocate Venice Burgins said she had noted in various courts and police stations that there had been a decrease in GBV and other crimes prior to the unbanning of alcohol.

Lessing called for the implementation of the National Strategic Plan, with its recommendations.

“We need the Hate Crimes Bill and we need laws and strategies that [place] women, trans women and GNC (gender non-conforming) persons first,” Lessing said.

Siyabulela Monakali of the NGO Ilitha Labantu reiterated that not enough was being done to radically alter the situation on violence perpetrated against women and children.

She emphasised that in South Africa there were laws and policies in place which sought to protect the rights and dignity of women, children and the most vulnerable. However, these laws were not adequately enforced.

“Violence perpetrated on women and children signifies that there is a problem with men in our society. We need to play a greater role in helping to challenge patriarchy and toxic masculinity.”

The men who abused, violated, discriminated against and murdered women “are our brothers, cousins, uncles, fathers and friends and we appeal to men to take rightful action”.

“The silence of men in light of injustices speaks volumes,” she said.

Moorreesburg activist and advocate Venice Burgins said she had noted in various courts and police stations that there had been a decrease in

Also on Friday, a woman was murdered in Dobsonville. Her body was found under a tree. This comes a day after Tshegofasto Pule was laid to rest after she was found hanging from a tree in Roodepoort.

Another young woman has been found murdered in Johannesburg. Protesters in Dobsonville found her body under a tree on Friday. The discovery came after Pule’s funeral.

The last reported case for a bloody week was that of Cape Town dancer and LBGTQI activist, 28-year-old Kirvan Fortuin, who was stabbed to death in Macassar on Saturday, 13 June. Police said a 14-year-old girl has been arrested in connection with the murder.

Megan Lessing, of the Sex Work Education and Advocacy Taskforce (SWEAT), said the GBV pandemic placed women in a position which forced them to be at home with their abusers, as is evidenced by the increased incidents of GBV.

GBV and other crimes prior to the unbanning of alcohol Community Safety MEC Albert Fritz said: “Gender-based violence and homophobia have no place in our society. I condemn these acts in the strongest terms. Each of us has the right to equality, dignity and a duty to stand up and report such transgressions.”

Fritz lauded the arrest of five suspects by the SAPS in connection with the murder of 16-year-old Liyabona Mabishi. DM

Dark mornings, darker evenings, and chilly gray

days in between mean winter is here — and with the coldest season come the winter blues. There’s no clinical diagnosis for the “winter blues,” but experts at the National Institutes of Health say the so-called winter blues are fairly common and are usually marked by feeling more down than usual, sad, or less energized.

Because the winter blues is not a discrete medical condition, an accurate measure of how many people it affects is difficult to know for sure. Estimates suggest anywhere from 14 to 20 percent of American adults experience such seasonal mood changes.

A small percentage of people who experience a change of mood with the season do have seasonal depression, a more severe condition that is a medical disorder, also known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). SAD affects about 1 to 9 percent of Americans (prevalence rates differ, depending on location and how severe the change of season actually is), according to research published in November 2015 in the journal Depression Research and Treatment.

According the National Institute of Mental Health, SAD is a recurrent form of major depression, characterized by feelings of hopelessness and despair, fatigue, problems sleeping and concentrating, and changes in appetite.

Symptoms of winter blues are milder than those of SAD, but that doesn’t mean you should brush off your blah feeling.

“Feeling blue for a period of time is not, per se, normal,” says Jacqueline Gollan, PhD, associate professor in psychiatry and behavioural sciences at North-western University in Evanston, Illinois. “When people feel blue, it’s a signal that something in their life needs attention.”

And there are things you can do to lift your mood. This winter, try these bad-mood zappers to beat the winter blues and stay well all winter long:

1. Lace Up Your Running Shoes and Get Moving Getting at least 20 minutes of vigorous activity four times a week has been shown to reduce depressive mood, says Dr. Gollan. “And there are a variety of ways to get exercise,” she points out. Get a gym membership if that’s what it takes to keep you warm and working out, but you could also try riding your bike to work or running up and down the stairs.

2. Set Your Alarm Clock and Stick to a Sleep Routine

Tempting as it might be to sleep in on dark mornings, it’s best to stick with a regular sleep schedule — which means waking up at the same times on weekdays and weekends. Establish a routine wake-up time and a soothing bedtime ritual, and if you aren’t already in this habit, allow three or four weeks to get used to it, advises Gollan. It’s important to get at least seven hours of sleep every night for your overall health, according to guidelines from the National Sleep Foundation. (5) Also, make sure that your sleeping area is comfortable, slightly cool, and free of noisy distractions.

3. Queue Up a Stream of Laugh-Out-Loud Films Experts believe that laughter actually stimulates processes in your brain that counter depressive symptoms. And since chuckling is downright contagious, you can invite a few pals over to share the popcorn.

4. Warm Yourself Up With a Mug of Real Hot Cocoa It’s a good idea to make a few tweaks to your diet during the winter, says Susan Kleiner, PhD, RD, author of The Good Mood Diet. First, get cozy with some homemade hot chocolate, using nondutched, natural cocoa powder (which is high in heart-healthy and mood-boosting flavonoids).

“Plus, this drink gives a wonderful sense of something delicious, a treat, and a ritual to look forward to,” she says. She recommends drinking cocoa in the evening to prepare you for sleep.

Make it with fortified milk, which provides a combination of carbohydrate, protein, and vitamin D — the combination helps increase serotonin levels, which help us relax, Dr. Kleiner says.

Kleiner also recommends eating fish — especially fatty fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, lake trout, sardines, or albacore tuna — three to five times a week, as this can help boost mood; plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables; and at least one egg with the yolk (a good source of choline, which helps regulate nerve function and metabolism among other functions, and therefore is important to keep energy levels stable) each day, preferably for breakfast.

5. Host a Festive Party — But Don’t Stress 'Tis the season to deck the halls and host a small seasonal party. And if it’s already after the holidays, any excuse to host a gathering of friends will do — try a dinner party, cheese tasting, or board game night. Planning an event will give you something to look forward to — and it could also put you on other people’s invite lists (more fun for you!).

On a cautionary note, Gollan says that "chronic interpersonal hassles do increase perceived stress.” So if there’s a relationship in your social circle or family that’s an ongoing source of stress, give yourself a present and work it out, ideally before the party.

6. Give Yourself a Manageable Task to Accomplish It’s important to build activities into your day — even chores, like cleaning the floor — that will give you a sense of competence and accomplishment. According to one psychological theory, we all have an innate need to feel competent in order to also grow emotionally, have a sense of integrity, and maintain well-being. (6) Balance the hard work with little things that bring you pleasure, like treating yourself with fresh flowers or, yes, that homemade cup of hot cocoa.

7. But Don't Let Your ToDo List Get Too Out of Hand Don’t overwhelm yourself with lists of projects and chores just because you can’t do other activities you might spend time doing in other seasons. If you love to garden in spring and summer as a stress-relieving activity, that doesn’t mean spending those same hours in the winter cleaning your closets is going to do you the same amount of good — nor be as enjoyable.

Complete the business you need to take care of, and do it on time.

“Behavioral activation is an important strategy,” says Gollan. Decide to stop procrastinating on the unpleasant stuff that could just snowball into more stress later, like unpaid bills, so you’ll have more time to do things you do enjoy. Get the tools you need to get organized.

8. Book a Staycation — Even if It’s a Mini One

Most people get a lift when they have something to look forward to. If your coworker’s upcoming Bermuda vacation has you dreaming of traveling, Gollan says you can save money and still get a boost by planning mini-getaways closer to home. You may not have the budget or time off of work to take an exotic trip, but it’s much easier to make time for and plan a local staycation treat, such as an afternoon ice skating with friends, trying out a new restaurant in a nearby town, or going to a concert.

9. Consider Light Therapy if You Can't Get the Sunshine You Need

It’s dark when you leave for work and dark when you get home, so how are you going to get your daily dose of natural sunshine? And if you don’t think less sunlight during winter months can affect you, your mood, or your energy levels, think again. A decrease in sunlight can disrupt your body’s circadian rhythms, and cause a drop in serotonin levels and Vitamin D levels, which can lead to depressive symptoms.

If you have the flexibility and the weather allows for it, schedule in an early-morning walk or lunchtime stroll. If you don’t, consider this option, which is especially beneficial for people with full-fledged seasonal depression: a full-spectrum light box. Light therapy can help regulate your body's circadian rhythms and its natural release of the hormones that help you feel energized and the ones that help you sleep.

Gollan cautions that these are actually pretty powerful tools (and pricey!), so you really should work with a doctor or mental health professional who can advise you on when during the day to use it, and for how long.

10. Don't Hesitate to See Your Healthcare Professional “Blues can be part of some other system,” says Gollan. Chronic pain, headaches, sleep disorders, and even heart disease are all linked to depression symptoms, so check in with your healthcare provider to make sure your winter blues aren’t something more serious.

Article by: Madeline R. Vann, MPH