PO Box7095,Kar i ngal3199 1300ESTRUCT( 378782) mai l @est r uct . com. au
Geot echni calI nvest i gat i onRepor t Resi dent i alLRM Assessment Repor tNo:S18064. Pr oposedResi dent i alDevel opment Si t eAddr ess:36Bat hSt r eet ,Mor ni ngt on
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Si t eCl as si f i c at i on Cl assP i nac cor danc ewi t hNat i onalCons t r uct i onCode( NCC)2016 Vol ume2,Par t3. 2. 4andAS2870-2011Sec t i ons1and2spec i f i cat i onsandAppendi xD. ABus hf i r eAt t ackLev el( BAL)ass ess menthasnotbeeni nc l udedaspar toft hi sr epor t
ForRegi onAwi ndr egi ont hes i t ehasbeendet er mi nedt ohaveawi ndc l as si f i c at i onofN3. Ul t i mat el i mi tst at edesi gnwi nds peedi s50m/ s. Thesi t ei snots ubj ectt oaFl oodRi s kAr ea underCl auses44. 03,44. 04&44. 05oft he Vi ct or i anPl anni ngRegul at i ons .AFl oodRi skAr eai swi t hi nt hevi ci ni t y .
Dat e:27/ 06/ 2016 Thi sr epor tconsi st sof42pagesandmustber epr oducedi nf ul l .I fyoudonothaveaf ul lcopyoft her epor tpl easecont actt hi sof f i ce.
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1. 0Tabl eofCont ent s 2. 0Cl i entDet ai l s 3. 0Ref er ences 4. 0Pr oposedSi t eConst r uct i on 5. 0Si t eI nf or mat i on 5. 1Si t eDes cr i pt i on 5. 2Wi ndZoneI nf or mat i on 5. 3Bus hf i r eAt t ac kLevel ( BAL) 5. 4Sl o peSt abi l i t y 5. 5Ear t hquak eSubs oi lCl ass i f i c at i on 5. 6Fl oodHaz ar d 6. 0Si t eGeol ogi ca lDesc r i pt i on 7. 0Si t eI nv est i gat i onPr oc edur e 8. 0Abnor mal Si t eCondi t i ons 8. 1Abno r mal Soi lCondi t i ons 8. 2Abno r mal Moi s t ur eCondi t i ons 9. 0Dr ai nageCond i t i ons 10. 0Si t eCl as si f i cat i on 11. 0Foundat i onRec ommendat i ons 11. 1Sl abFoot i ngs 11. 1. 1St i f f enedRaf tSl abFoot i ngs 11. 1. 2Waf f l eRaf tSl abFoot i n gs 11. 2Ex i st i ngFoundat i ons 11. 3St r i pFoot i ngs&PadFoot i ngs 12. 0Gener alTr eeEf f ect sI nf or mat i on 13. 0Si t eExc avat i ons&Ret ent i on( Ret ai ni ng)Sy st ems 13. 1Si t eCut&Fi l l Exc avat i ons 13. 2Ret ent i on( Ret ai ni ng)Sy st ems 13. 3Veg et at i onRemov al 14. 0Fl oodHaz ar dAr eaRequi r ement s 14. 1Fl oodHazar dAr eaAs s ess ment 14. 2Fl oodHaz ar dAr eaAss ess mentL i mi t at i ons 15. 0Si t eLandsc api ngRequi r ement s 15. 1Si t eDr ai nage 15. 2Si t eLandsc api ng 16. 0Landsl i deRi s kManagementAs ses sment 16. 1Si t eLandsl i deRi s kManagementCondi t i ons 16. 2I dent i f i c at i onofLandsl i deRi s kPot e nt i al 16. 1. 1Landsl i deRi s kPot ent i al Ass ess ment 16. 3Si t eLandsl i deRi s kHaz ar d 16. 4Qu ant i t at i v eRi skAs ses sment 16. 4. 1Ri s kAss ess mentCr i t e r i a 16. 4. 2Quant i t at i v eRi skEs t i mat i onAnal y si s 16. 5Conc l usi on 17. 0Ret ent i on( Re t ai ni ng)St r uc t ur al Requi r ement s 17. 1Des i gnRequi r ement s 17. 2St andar dRet ai ni ngSy st ems 17. 3NonCont i guousPi l i ngRet ai ni ngSys t em 18. 0Gener alReco mmendat i onsandCondi t i ons Appendi xA A1. 0Repor tTer msandCondi t i ons A2. 0Si t eCl as si f i cat i onAs ses s ment A2. 1Si t eCl as si f i cat i onbas edonSoi lReact i vi t y A2. 2Si t ess ubj ectt oAbnor malSoi l &Moi st ur eCondi t i o nsSoi l r el at ed A2. 3Si t ess ubj ectt oAbnor malSoi l &Moi st ur eCondi t i o nsNonSoi l r el at ed A3. 0Ret ai ni ngWal l Des i gnPar amet erRecommendat i ons A3. 1Ret ai ni ngWal lDesi gnLi veLoadSpec i f i c at i o ns A3. 2Ret ai ni ngWal l Des i gnAngl eofFr i c t i o n&Dens i t y A4. 0Foundi ngSpeci f i ca t i onsf orResi dent i alFoot i ngs A4. 1Foundi ngSpeci f i cat i onsf orSt andar dFoot i ngs A4. 2Foundi ngSpec i f i c at i onsf orNonSt andar dFoot i ngs A4. 3Desc r i pt i on&Spec i f i c at i onofSoi l Hor i z ons Appendi xB B1. 0Si t eSoi lI nves t i gat i onDes cr i pt i on
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B2. 0Si t ePhot oDesc r i pt i on B2. 1Si t eFeat ur ePhot oDesc r i pt i o n B2. 2Si t eAer i alPhot oDesc r i pt i o n B3. 0Si t eLocal i t yDes cr i pt i on Appendi xC C1. 0Lands l i dePr of i l e Appendi xD D1. 0Test Si t es
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1. 1Tabl e&Fi gur eCont ent s Tabl e6. 1Geol ogi cal Des cr i pt i on Fi g6. 1Geol ogi c alDesc r i pt i on Tabl e11. 1St andar dRaf tSl abFoundi ng Tabl e11. 2Waf f l eRaf tSl abFoundi ng Tabl e11. 3St r i pFoot i ng&PadFoot i ngFoundi ng Fi g12. 1Met hodofdet er mi ni ngdi s t anc ef ort r eeef f ec t sass ess ment Fi g14. 1Fl oodHazar dAr eaPl anni ngOver l ayMap Fi g15. 1Foot i ngDr ai nageRequi r ement s-Dur i ngCon st r uct i on Fi g15. 2Foot i ngDr ai nageRequi r ement s-PostConst r uc t i on Fi g16. 1Pl anni ngOver l ayMap Fi g16. 2Ter ai nMap Fi g16. 3Landsl i deFai l ur eMode Fi g16. 4Pr obabi l i t yofLoss Fi g16. 5-Fr amewor kf orLands l i deRi skManagemen t Fi g16. 6Ex ampl esofConst r uct i onPr ac t i c e Fi g17. 1-St andar dRet ai ni ngWal lDesi gn Fi g17. 2-NonCont i guousRet ai ni ngWal l Des i gn Fi gA2. 1Gener al Def i ni t i onsofSi t eCl ass es Fi gA3. 1Li veLoadDes i gnTabl e-Ear t hRet ai ni ngSt r uct ur es Fi gA3. 2Soi lAn gl eofFr i ct i on&Dens i t y Fi gA3. 3Fr eeBodyDi agr am f ort r i al wedgeass ess mentf orr et ai ni ngwal l s Fi gA4. 1Exampl eofFoundi ngSpeci f i cat i onsf orSt andar dRaf tSl abs Fi gA4. 2 Ex ampl eofFound i ngSpec i f i c at i onsf orWaf f l eRaf tSl abs Fi gA4. 3 Ex ampl eofFound i ngSpec i f i c at i onsf orSt r i pFoot i ngs Fi gA4. 4 Ex ampl eofFound i ngSpec i f i c at i onsf orPadFoot i ngs Fi gA4. 5 Ex ampl eofFoundi ngSpec i f i c at i onsf orNonSt an dar dFoot i ngs Fi gA4. 6Soi lHor i zonDes cr i pt i ons Fi gA5. 1Roc k&Soi lCl ass i f i c at i on Fi gB1. 1Si t eSoi lSk et c h1 Fi gB1. 2Si t eSoi lSk et c h2 Fi gB2. 1Si t ePhot o1 Fi gB2. 2Si t ePhot o2 Fi gB2. 3Si t ePhot o3 Fi gB2. 4Si t ePhot o4 Fi gB2. 5Si t ePhot o5 Fi gB2. 6Si t ePhot o6 Fi gB2. 7Si t ePhot o7 Fi gB2. 8Si t ePhot o8 Fi gB2. 9Si t eHi st or i cal Aer i alPhot o1 Fi gB2. 10Si t eHi st or i cal Aer i alPhot o2 Fi gB3. 1Si t eLoc al i t yPl an
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Fi gC1. 1La ndsl i pPr of i l e1 Fi gC1. 2La ndsl i pPr of i l e2
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Fi gD1. 1Tes tSi t e1 Fi gD1. 2Tes tSi t e2 Fi gD1. 3Tes tSi t e3 Fi gD1. 4Tes tSi t e4
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2. 0Cl i entDet ai l s Al oonHomes 2Ker aboi t eCour t MtEl i z a 3930
3. 0Ref er ences Nat i onalCons t r uct i onCode( BCA)2016,Vol ume2,Sec t i on3. 2. 4 Aus t r al i anGeomechani c sSoci et y( AGS)-Jour nal ,Vol ume42,No1-Mar c h2007 AS28702011&AGSLands l i deRi s kManagementGui del i nes-2012 Dept .ofEnvi r onment ,Land,Wat er&Pl anni ng,Vi c t or i a-Pl anni ngPr ovi si on44. 01 Uni t edSt at esGeol ogi cal Sur vey( USGS)Fac tSheetFS071,May2000 Lands l i de/ Landsl i deMi t i gat i on,Rev i ewsofEngi neer i ngGeol ogy,VolI X-Geol ogi c al Soci et yofAmer i c a,1992 Dept .ofEnvi r onment ,Land,Wat er&Pl anni ng,Vi c t or i a-LASSIwebs i t e Dept .ofEnvi r onment ,Land,Wat er&Pl anni ng,Vi c t or i a-Land. v i c . gov. auIwebs i t e AS1170. 42007 Ear t hquak eact i onsi nAust r al i a AS1289. 6. 3. 21997Soi ls t r engt handc onsol i dat i ont est s-Det er mi nat i onoft hepenet r at i on r esi st anc eofas oi l -9kgdy nami cc onepenet r omet ert es t .
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AS17261993 Geot ec hni c al I nves t i gat i ons
AS16842010 Ti mberFr ami ng AS2159-2009 Pi l i ng-Des i gn&I nst al l at i on
AS2870-2011 Res i dent i al Sl absandFoot i ngs AS3600-2009 Concr et eSt r uc t ur es AS3700-2001 Masonr ySt r uct ur es
AS3959-2009 Const r uct i onofbui l di ngsi nbushf i r epr onear eas AS4055-2006 Wi ndLoadsf orHousi ng AS4678-2002 Ear t hRet ai ni ngSt r uc t ur es Cons t r uc t i onofBui l di ngsi nFl oodHazar dAr eas-2012. 2,Aust r al i anBui l di ngCodesBoar d ( ABCB)-2012 BTF18 CSI ROFoundat i onMai nt enanc eandFoot i ngPer f or manc e:AHomeOwner ' sGui de Sl ope/ W St abi l i t yModel l i ngSof t war e-Geos l ope
4. 0Pr oposedSi t eConst r uct i on I ti spr opos edt oc onst r uc tanewCl ass1ar esi dent i aldev el opmentont hesi t e.Si t ei swi t hi n t hemuni c i pal i t yofMor ni ngt onPeni ns ul aShi r eCounc i l .I ti swi t hi naGener alRes i dent i al Zone1( GRZ1)ar ea.I ti ss ubj ec tt ot hef ol l owi ngTownPl anni ngOver l ays :DDO1,EMO1, VPO1.I ti swi t hi naBus hf i r ePr oneAr ea
5. 0Si t eI nf or mat i on 5. 1Si t eDescr i pt i on Ani nv est i gat i onoft hes i t edet er mi nedt hati twasoc cupi edbyanex i s t i ngr es i dent i al dwel l i ngaswel lasot hersmal l st r uct ur es .Thesi t ewasl oc at edi nSoi l Cl i mat eZone2( Hs= 1. 8)-AS28702011,Appendi xD.I twasf oundt hatt hes i t eandadj oi ni ngsi t esc ont ai neda numberoft r eesr angi ngt o10met r esi nhei ght .Ref ert ot heacc ompany i ngs ket c hf or appr ox i mat el ocat i ons .
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5. 2Wi ndZoneI nf or mat i ForRegi onAwi ndr egi ont hes i t ehasbeendet er mi nedt ohav eawi ndcl ass i f i cat i onofN3. Ul t i mat el i mi tst at edesi gnwi ndspeedi s50m/ s .
5. 3Bushf i r eAt t ackLevel( BAL) ABushf i r eAt t ac kLev el ( BAL)ass ess menthasnotbeeni ncl udedaspar toft hi sr epor t
5. 4Sl opeSt abi l i t y Thi ssi t ei ssubj ec tt oanEr os i onManagementOv er l ay .Thi sr epor ti st obeusedf or Pl anni ngass ess mentandgeot ec hni c al ass ess mentpur pos es
5. 5Ear t hquakeSubsoi lCl ass Subsoi lCl ass:Cl assCe-Shal l owsoi l
Soi lwi t hundr ai nedshears t r engt hc apaci t yof50200kPaandar enodeepert hen60m abov er ock .
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5. 6Fl oodHazar d
Thesi t ei snots ubj ectt oaFl oodRi skAr ea underCl auses44. 03,44. 04&44. 05oft he Vi ct or i anPl anni ngRegul at i ons .AFl oodRi s kAr eai swi t hi nt hevi ci ni t y .
6. 0Si t eGeol ogi calDescr i pt i on Anal ys i soft hes oi l pr of i l eenc ount er edwi t hi nt het ests i t eswasf oundt obet hef ol l owi ng: Tabl e6. 1Geol ogi calDescr i pt i on Geol ogy
Type
For mat i on
Symbol
Ter t i ar y
Sedi ment ar y
Al l uvi al
Nxx
Fi g6. 2Geol ogi calMap S18064
Sour ce:Dept .ofEnvi r onment&Pr i mar yI ndust r y( Vi c) ,Ear t hResour ces
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7. 0Si t eI nvest i gat i onPr ocedur e Thesi t egeot ec hni cal i nv est i gat i onwasper f or med,cons i s t i ngof2t es thol esdr i l l edusi nga 50mm mec hani cal augerandat hi r dhol eusi nga90mm augert oadept hof6m. Appr ox i mat el ocat i onsoft hes et es thol esar ei ndi c at edont heat t ac heds ket c hpl an.
8. 0Abnor malSi t eCondi t i ons 8. 1Abnor malSoi lCondi t i ons I twasdet er mi nedt hatnoabnor mal soi lc ondi t i onswer ef oundont hesi t e.
8. 2Abnor malMoi st ur eCondi t i ons Abnor mal moi s t ur econdi t i onswer ef oundt obeexi st i ngont hes i t e.Thi si sduet oex i s t i ng t r eeswi t hi noradj acentt ot hes i t ewhi chcoul dl eadt osoi lmovementgr eat ert hans t andar d
9. 0Dr ai nageCondi t i ons As ses smentoft hes i t ehasdet er mi nedt hatsur f ac edr ai nagewi l l bef ai r .Subsoi ldr ai nage wi l l bepoorduet ocohesi venat ur eofsoi l .Nowat ert abl ewasenc ount er ed.
10. 0Si t eCl assi f i cat i on Ther es ul t soft hesoi li nves t i gat i onhasdet er mi neda Cl assP s oi l cl as si f i cat i onf ort hesi t e. Thi scl ass i f i cat i oni si nacc or dancewi t hNat i onalConst r uct i onCode-Vol ume2( NCC)2016 Par t3. 2. 4andAS2870-2011Sect i ons1and2s peci f i c at i onsandAppendi xD.
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Bas edupont heNCC,Vol 2,Sec3. 2. 4Tab3. 2. 4. 1, Cl as sPcl ass i f i cat i on,t hesi t ehasbeen det er mi nedt obeofar i skofsl opei nst abi l i t y,whi chmayr esul ti nsubs i denc eoft hesi t e. Abnor mal soi lc ondi t i onsduet ot r eesar eal sopr es ent . Thi scl ass i f i cat i oni sbas edupont het hes i t es oi l pr of i l eenc ount er eddur i ngt est i ng.Ass uch i sasampl eoft hesoi lpr of i l ei nt hes i t e.I fdur i ngexc avat i onoft hes i t e,t hes oi l pr of i l ei s f oundt ov ar ys i gni f i c ant l yast ot hati l l ust r at edwi t hi nt hebor el ogs,t hi smustber epor t edt o t hi sof f i c easf ur t hert est i ngmay ber equi r ed.Thi smayr esul ti nachangei nt hesoi lI f abnor mal soi lc ondi t i onsar ef oundont hes i t e,t hesur f ac edi f f er ent i al movementst at ed abovecanbegr eat er .Thi smayl eadt odamaget ot hes t r uct ur eandf ooot i ngs .( Ref ert o Appendi c es. )Thi scl ass i f i cat i oni sbas edupont het hes i t esoi lpr of i l eenc ount er eddur i ng cl ass i f i cat i ongi ven.Anyc hangest ot hesi t eduet oex cav at i onwor kort her emov aloft r ees andex i s t i ngs t r uct ur esorex ces si vewetanddr yper i odsdur i ngconst r uct i onmayadv er s el y ef f ectt heper f or manceofanypr opos edf oundat i on.I nt heev entofac hangeoc cur i ng,t hi s of f i c emus tbenot i f i edt odet er mi nei fex t r as oi l t es t i ngi sr equi r ed.Thi smayl eadt oa changei nt hesoi lc l as si f i c at i onwhi c hmayr es ul ti nc hangest of oot i ngdes i gnr equi r ement s .
11. 0Foundat i onRecommendat i ons 11. 1Sl abFoot i ngs 11. 1. 1St i f f enedRaf tSl abFoot i ngs I ti sr ecommendedt hatal lf oot i ngsmus tbef oundedbel owt hel evel oft hel andsl i depl ane ( SeeFi gC1. 1. )Foot i ngsmustbedesi gnedus i ngengi neer i ngpr i nci pl est opr ov i der et ent i on capaci t yagai nstl ands l i deoc cur anc e.ForTr eeef f ec t s,r ef ert oSec.12I ti sr ecommended t hatal lf oundat i ondesi gnands pec i f i c at i onsbepr ov i dedbyasui t abl yqual i f i edst r uc t ur al Sl abedgebeams&l oadbear i ngi nt er nalbeamsar et obef oundedmi n200mm i nt o f oundi ngmat er i als peci f i edi nt het abl e11. 1.Thef oundi ngmat er i al sdept hmayvar y t hr oughouts i t e.Ref ert oBor el ogsf orsoi lpr of i l eandi ndi cat i vef oundi ngdept hs .Col ourmay var yduet omoi st ur ec ont ent . Par tofest r uctp/ lconsul t i ngser vi ces
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NonLoadbear i ngI nt er nal beamsmaybef oundedi nt os andorcl ayl ev el l i ngf i l l mat er i al , i ns t al l edi naccor danc ewi t hSect i onA4. 1andpl acedupons oi l mat er i al i l l us t r at edi nt he t abl e11. 1.Ami ni mum bear i ngcapaci t yi nt ot hi sl evel l i ngf i l lmat er i al i s50kPa.Pr epar at i on f ort hes l abmusti ncl udet her emov alofal l mat er i al suc hasf i l l ,or gani cmat er i alandany ot hermat er i alt hatc oul dhaveadet r i ment al ef f ec tont hef oundat i onper f or mance( e. g. bui l di ngr ubbl e, r ubbi sh,et c. ) Foundi ngMat er i al f orSt andar dRaf tSl abf oot i ngsi ss pec i f i edi nt abl e11. 1 Tabl e11. 1. 1-St andar dRaf tSl abFoundi ng TestSi t e Hor i zon 1 B1
Foundi ng Mat er i al Or ange/ Br ownSandyCLAY
Bear i ng 120
Dept h 2500
2
B1
Or ange/ Br ownSandyCLAY
120
2500
3
B1
Or ange/ Br ownSandyCLAY
120
2500
11. 1. 2Waf f l eRaf tSl abFoot i ngs I ti sr ecommendedt hatal l f oot i ngsmustbef oundedbel owt hel evel oft hel ands l i depl ane
SAMPLE
( SeeFi gC1. 1. )Foot i ngsmustbedesi gnedus i ngengi neer i ngpr i nc i pl est opr ov i de r et ent i oncapaci t yagai nstl ands l i deocc ur ance.ForTr eeef f ect s ,r ef ert oSec .12' I ti s r ecommendedt hatal l f oundat i ondesi gnandspec i f i cat i onsbepr ovi dedbyasui t abl y qual i f i edst r uc t ur alengi neer .Thef oot i ngsmustbedesi gnedf orst abi l i t ybyc onsi der i ngal l
Waf f l eRaf tSl abRi bsar et obef oundedmi n50mm i nt of oundi ngmat er i al speci f i edi nt he t abl e11. 2.Thef oundi ngmat er i al sdept hmayv ar yt hr oughoutsi t e.Ref ert oBor el ogsf ors oi l pr of i l eandi ndi c at i v ef oundi ngdept hs.Col ourmayv ar yduet omoi s t ur econt ent .r econt ent . Foot i ngsmaybef oundedi nt osandorc l ayl evel l i ngf i l lmat er i al ,i ns t al l edi nacc or dancewi t h Sec t i onA4. 2andpl ac eduponsoi lmat er i ali l l ust r at edi nt het abl e11. 2.Pr epar at i onf ort he sl abmus ti ncl udet her emov alofal l mat er i al suc hasuncont r ol l edf i l l ,or gani cmat er i aland anyot hermat er i al t hatc oul dhaveadet r i ment al ef f ec tont hef oundat i onper f or manc e( e. g. bui l di ngr ubbl e, r ubbi sh,et c) Foundi ngMat er i al f orWaf f l eRaf tSl abf oot i ngsi sspeci f i edi nt abl e11. 2 Tabl e11. 1. 2-Waf f l eRaf tSl abFoundi ng TestSi t e 1
Hor i zon B1
Foundi ng Mat er i al Or ange/ Br ownSandyCLAY
Bear i ng 120
Dept h 2500
2
B1
Or ange/ Br ownSandyCLAY
120
2500
3
B1
Or ange/ Br ownSandyCLAY
120
2500
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11. 2Exi st i ngFoundat i ons Anex i s t i ngdwel l i nghasbeenf oundont hesi t e.Bear i ngCapac i t yoft heexi st i ngf oot i ngand exi st i ngf oot i ngc ondi t i onar enotpar toft heass ess mentc r i t er i aoft hi sr epor t .Exi st i ng st r uc t ur es( suc hasf ences, )wer ef oundwi t hi nt headj ac entpr oper t ynextt ot hec ommon boundar y .Cut&f i l l i ngoft hesi t emus tcons i dert headj ac entf oot i ngdept handsl ope st abi l i t ydur i ngc onst r uc t i on.
11. 3St r i pFoot i ngs PadFoot i ngs St r i pandPadFoot i ngst obef ounded mi n200mm i nt of oundi ngmat er i alspec i f i edi nt he t abl e11. 3.Thef oundi ngmat er i al sdept hmayv ar yt hr oughoutsi t e.Ref ert oBor el ogsf ors oi l pr of i l eandi ndi c at i v ef oundi ngdept hs .Col ourmayv ar yduet omoi s t ur econt ent .Pr epar at i on f ort hef oot i ngsmusti ncl udet her emoval ofal l mat er i als uchasf i l l ,or gani cmat er i al andany ot hermat er i al t hatc oul dhaveadet r i ment al ef f ec tont hef oundat i onper f or mance( e. g. bui l di ngr ubbl e, r ubbi sh,et c )
SAMPLE
I ti sr ecommendedt hatal l f oot i ngsmus tbef oundedbel owt hel evel oft hel ands l i depl ane ( SeeFi gC1. 1. )Foot i ngsmustbedesi gnedus i ngengi neer i ngpr i nc i pl est opr ov i der et ent i on capaci t yagai ns tl ands l i deoc cur anc e.ForTr eeef f ec t s,r ef ert oSec.12I ti sr ecommended t hatal lf oundat i ondesi gnands pec i f i cat i onsbepr ovi dedbyasui t abl yqual i f i eds t r uc t ur al engi neer .Thef oot i ngsmus tbedes i gnedf orst abi l i t ybyconsi der i ngal ls t at edl andl i pr i sk haz ar ds . Foundi ngMat er i al f orSt r i pFoot i ngsandPadFoot i ngsi sspec i f i edi nt abl e11. 3 TestSi t e 1
Tabl e11. 2-St r i pFoot i ng&PadFoot i ngFoundi ng Hor i zon Foundi ng Mat er i al Bear i ng B1 Or ange S / B 1 r 8 o 0 w 6 n 4SandyCLAY 120
Dept h 2500
2
B1
Or ange S / B 1 r 8 o 0 w 6 n 4SandyCLAY
120
2500
3
B1
Or ange S / B 1 r 8 o 0 w 6 n 4SandyCLAY
120
2500
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12. 0Gener alTr eeEf f ect sI nf or mat i on Wher eabnor mal moi st ur ec ondi t i onsexi stduet ot r eeef f ec t s( Ref ert oSect i on8. 2) ,f oot i ngs shoul dbedesi gnedc onsi der i ngr equi r ement ss pec i f i edi nSect i on4&Appendi x F &H ( AS28702011. )I ti sr ec ommendedt hatt hef oot i ngsar edesi gnedf oradept hofdr yi ngof 1. 51. 85t i mesHsval ue( Dependi ngonCl i mac t i cZone,Ref erAppendi xDofAS28702011. ) I tmus tbest r es sedt hatt hebehavi ouroft r eesi nr el at i ont ot her eef f ectonf oundat i onsi snot f ul l yabl et obepr edi ct ed.Thedes i gnoff oot i ngst oc ount er ac tt heef f ec t soft r eeson f oundat i onsi scons i der ed' bestpr ac t i c e' ,bas edupont het est i ngmet hodsavai l abl e&a t r ee' sunpr edi ct abl ebehavi our( i nr el at i ont of oundat i ons . )TheOwners houl dbemade awar et hatcr ac ki ngoft hes t r uct ur emayst i l l occ ur .Asl ands l i der i s ki smi t i gat edbyr et ai ni ng exi st i ngveget at i on,anyr emov al ofveget at i oni sc ons i der edundesi r ebl east hebenef i t sof r educi ngt r eeef f ec t smaybeoutway edbyt hei ncr eas eoft hel andsl i der i skhazar d. Fi g12. 1Met hodofdet er mi ni ngdi st ancef ort r eeef f ect sassessment
SAMPLE 13. 0Si t eEar t hwor ks CutFi l lear t hwor ksonoradj acentt ot hes ubj ec tsi t ei nvol vi ngcut t i ngand/ orf i l l i ngshoul d bemi ni mi sed,t her ebyr educ i ngt hr i s kofcr eat i ngl oc al i sedl ands l i p.Theus eofbat t er sl ess t hen1i n2( 26deg. )s houl dbeadopt edf orc utf i l l ar eas.Wher eCutdept hr equi r ement s exc eed1met r eandf i l ldept hr equi r ement sexc eed1met r eand/ ort hebat t ersl opef orei t her cutorf i l l i sgr eat ert hen1i n2( 26deg)t hent hei ns t al l at i onofanengi neer eddes i gned r et ai ni ngwal l i sr equi r ed. Dur i ngt hec ons t r uc t i onpr oces s,s hor tt er m bat t er sof45degf orc l ay&30degf orsi l t& sandofupt o2met r esi nhei ghti sal l owabl e( 1mont hmax . )Bat t erpr ot ect i ons uchas pi nnedgeof abr i ccov er i ngsshoul dbeadopt edt omi ni mi s eer osi onef f ec t s.Unr et ai ned t empor ar ybat t er sabov ewhati ss t at edabov e,s houl dbeavoi dedast heyi nc r easet he pot ent i alofl ands l i der i sk .Er os i onef f ect saswel lassoi ls at ur at i onwi l l dr amat i c al l yi ncr eas e sl opei nst abi l i t yats t eeperbat t er s .
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13. 2Tempor ar yShor i ng Wher et empor ar ys hor i ngi sus edont hi ss i t e,cons i der at i onf orl andsl i der i skshoul dbe done.Tempor ar yst r uc t ur esshoul dbedesi gnedt ohaver edundancywi t hi nt het empor ar y s t r uc t ur e.Theus eoft empor ar ys hor i ngcani ncr eas ebat t er st o60deg.Theuseof r ei nf or c edshot cr et es l abs pr ayedont ot het empor ar ybat t ershoul dc onsi dersomef or m of anc hor i ngt omai nt ai ns t abi l i t y .Thi swi l l mi ni mi s et heposs i bi l i t yofl ocal i s edsl opei nst abi l i t y whi chmayoc cures peci al l yi nsat ur at edcondi t i ons.
13. 3Veget at i onRemoval I ti sadv i s edt hatt hemi ni mal amountofv eget at i onber emov edf r om t hesi t eout si det he ear t hwor ksar ea. .I ti sconsi der edcr i t i cal t osl opes t abi l i t yf orexi st i ngveget at i ont obe mai nt ai nedandt opl antnews mal l t r eesands hr ubsovert hes i t e.Veget at i onwi l lac tasa sur f ac ebi ndert omi ni mi seer os i onandt ohel pr educes oi l sat ur at i onwhi chbot har eamaj or causeofl ands l i desoc cur i ng.
14. 0Fl oodHazar dAr eaRequi r ement s 14. 1Fl oodHazar dAr eaAssessment
SAMPLE
Theas ses smentofas i t et odet er mi nei fi ti sl i kel yt obeef f ect edbyaFl oodHaz ar di sbased upondesi gnat edf l oodhaz ar dar eas.I nacc or dancewi t hCl aus e44. 04oft heVi ct or i an Pl anni ngRegul at i ons ,as i t edesi gnat edt ohaveaSpec i al Bui l di ngOv er l ay ,LandSubj ectt o I nundat i onOver l ayoraFl oodwayOver l ayar es i t est hatwi l l becoi nsi der edt obeFl ood Haz ar dAr eas.Ar easubj ectt of l oodhazar dsar esubj ectt oagr eat err i s kofl ansl i der i sk haz ar dsoc cur i ng.Ther ef or ewher eposs i bl e,cons t r uct i onshoul dber es t r i ct edt oar eason pr oper t i est hatar enotef f ect edbyf l oodi ngi s sues . Fi g14. 1Fl oodHazar dAr eaPl anni ngOver l ayMap
Speci alBui l di ngOver l ay
LandSubj ectt oI nundat i on &Fl oodwayOver l ay
Fl oodwayOver l ay
14. 2Fl oodHazar dAr eaAssessmentLi mi t at i ons Theass es smentf orFl oodHaz ar dAr ea,i sbas eduponpl anni ngov er l ayi nf or mat i on.Thi s i nf or mat i onhasbeendet er mi nedi nac cor danc ewi t hMel bour neWat er&Ot herWat er Aut hor i t i esaswel l asVi c t or i anMuni ci pal i t yi nf or mat i on.
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Thi sass ess menti sagener aloneandi ncer t ai nci r c umst ancespl acesnotnot edwi t hi n over l ayar eascoul dbedeemedaFl oodHazar dAr ea.Wher easi t eappear st ohav e l oc al i sedf l oodi ngi ss uesorhasahi st or y( r ec entornot )t henFl oodHazar dAr ea cons i der at i onsshoul dbei ncl udedwi t hi nt hef oot i ngdes i gn.Wher eaf l oodhaz ar docc ur s wi t hs i t essubj ec tt ol andsl i der i sk ,especi al l yadj acentt owat ercour s es,f oot i ngsmus tbe desi gnedf ornotonl yf l oodef f ect s ,butal sof ors l opest abi l i t yander os i oncons i der at i ons.
15. 0Si t eLandscapi ngRequi r ement s 15. 1Si t eDr ai nage Ther equi r ement sf orcol l ec t i ngsur f ac edr ai nagedur i ngc onst r uc t i onandaf t erc ompl et i on mus tbei nac cor dancewi t hAS28702011,Appendi xB2. 3( a) .Thesi t eshoul dbegr adedor dr ai neds ot hatwat erc annotpondagai nstorneart hebui l di ng.Thegr oundi mmedi at el y adj acentt ot hebui l di ngshoul dbegr adedt oauni f or mf al l of50mm mi ni mum awayf r om t he bui l di ngovert hef i r s tmet r e( mi n1: 20Sl ope. )Thesubf l oorspac ef orbui l di ngswi t h sus pendedf l oor sshoul dbegr adedordr ai nedt opr ev entpondi ngwher et hi smayaf f ec tt he per f or manceoft hef oot i ngsy st em.Thesi t edr ai nager ec ommendat i onsshoul dbe mai nt ai nedf ort heeconomi cl i f eoft hebui l di ng.Tempor ar yc onnec t i onsmustbei ns t al l ed
SAMPLE
bet weenr oofgut t er i ngandundergr ounddr ai nagepi pesunt i l i ns t al l at i onofdownpi pescan beenabl ed.
Wher ec utandf i l l ear t hwor kc onst r uc t i oni sut i l i sed,consi der at i onf ors ur f acer unof fdown embank ment si sess ent i al .Thei nst al l at i onofc ut of fdr ai nsatt ot opofembankment st hatar e dr ai nedawayf r om t hes l opei sr equi r edt omi ni mi sesur f ac eer osi on.Thi shel psr educet he pos si bi l i t yofwat erabsor pt i onbys oi l swhi c hmayi nduc el oc al i sedsl opei ns t abi l i t y .Thi s coupl edwi t hr et ai ni ngwal ldes i gnmeas ur es ,shoul dbeadopt ed. Regul armai nt enancei sr equi r edt omak esur et hatt hedr ai nagesy st em doesbl oc kor becomesev er el yr est r i c t ed.Fai l ur et odos ocoul dr esul ti ns l opei ns t abi l i t yeveni nt hecas e wher el ands l i der i s ki sl ow.
15. 2Si t eLandscapi ng Ther equi r ement sf orl ands capi ngaf t erf oot i ngcompl et i onmustbei nacc or dancewi t h AS28702011,Appendi xB2. 3( b)( c) . Thedev el opmentoft hegar denss houl dnoti nt er f er e wi t ht hedr ai nager equi r ement sort hesubf l oorvent i l at i onandweephol edr ai nagesy st ems . Gar denbedsadj acentt ot hebui l di ngs houl dbeavoi ded.Wat er i ngs ys t emsshoul dnotbe wi t hi nonemet r eoft hebui l di ngal s o.Car eshoul dbet akent oavoi dov er wat er i ngofgar dens cl oset ot hebui l di ngf oot i ngs.Thepl ant i ngoft r eesshoul dbeav oi dedneart hef oundat i onof abui l di ngornei ghbour i ngbui l di ngonr eac t i vesi t esast heycanc aus edamageduet o dr y i ngoft hec l ayatsubs t ant i aldi st ances .Ar est r i ct i onf orsi ngl et r eespl ant i ngdi st ance bei ngequalt ot het r eemat ur ehei ght .( 2t i mesmat ur ehei ghtpl ant i ngdi s t anc ef oragr oup oft r ees. )Ot her wi set hepr oposedf oot i ngsmus tbedes i gnedi nac cor danc ewi t ht r eeef f ect s r ec ommendat i onsi nSect i on11. Lands capi ngofas i t esubj ectt osl opest abi l i t yi ss uesmayi ncl udet hepl ant i ngofs hr ubsand smal lt r eest hatwi l l pr ov i degoods ur f acepr ot ec t i onandsoi l bi ndi ng.Thi spr ovi desa capaci t yt omi ni mi s esur f ac eer osi onwhi c hcanl eedt ol andsl i der i s k.
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Fi g15. 1Si t eDr ai nageRequi r ement s-Dur i ngConst r uct i on
Fi g15. 2Si t eDr ai nageRequi r ement s-PostConst r uct i on
SAMPLE
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16. 0Landsl i deRi skManagementAssessment Wher el ands l i der i s kex i s t s,ass ess mentoft hesi t ei sr equi r edt odet er mi net her i skhaz ar d. Thi sas ses smentusest hec r i t er i as pec i f i edi nAGSJour nal Vol 42,No1( Mar c h2007) Qual i t at at i veanal y si smet hodst odet er mi net heLands l i deRi s kManagements t r at egyt obe adopt ed.TheAS28702011&AGSLandl si deRi s kManagmentGui del i nes( 2012)ar eused
16. 1Si t eLandsl i deRi skManagementCondi t i ons Thi ssi t ei scover edbyanEr os i onManagementOv er l ay( EMO4) .Thi ssi t ehasnoi dent i f i ed l andsl i dez oneswi t hi nt hes i t eboundar y. Fi g16. 1Pl anni ngOver l ayMap
SAMPLE Er osi onManagementOv er l ay( EMO)
Fi g16. 2Ter ai nMap
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16. 2I dent i f i cat i onofLandsl i dePot ent i al 16. 2. 1Si t eLandsl i dePot ent i alAssessment Par t1-I st hesi t ewi t hi nanar eacover edbyal andsl i pmap? Thear eaofpr opos edconst r uc t i onand/ orsur r oundi ngar easont hesi t ehav ebeeni dent i f i ed ashavi ngzonesofLandsl i deRi skHazar dPot ent i al Scor e5 Par t2-I fi naknownmappedar ea,whati st hezoneappl i cabl et ot hi ssi t e Thi ssi t econt ai nsamoder at er i skhazar dz one( EMO)whi c hef f ec t st hepr oposed const r uct i onar ea.Af act orofSaf et yofbet ween3and6wasdet er mi nedf ort hecr i t i cals l ope st abi l i t ypr of i l e Scor e5 Par t3-Ar eanyf eat ur esshownont heUSGSFS07100f actsheet wi t hi n200m ofpr oposedbui l di ngf oot pr i nt Spr i ngs ,s eeps,ors at ur at edgr oundi nar east hathav enott y pi c al l ybeenwetwer enot obser v ed. Newcr ack sorunusual bul gesi nt hegr ound,st r eetpav ement s ,orf oot pat hswer eobs er v ed.
Soi lmov i ngawayf r om f oundat i onswasnotobs er ved
SAMPLE
Anc i l l ar ys t r uct ur essuc hasdeck sandpat i ost i l t i ngand( or )movi ngr el at i vet ot hemai n house,swi mmi ngpool scr ack edorl eaki ngwer enotobs er v ed
Ti l t i ngorcr ac ki ngofc oncr et ef l oor sandf oundat i onswer enotobser v ed
Br okenwat erl i nesandot herunder gr oundut i l i t i eswer enotobs er v edons i t e Leani ngt el ephonepol es,t r ees ,r et ai ni ngwal l s,orf enc eswer enotobser v edons i t e
Of f s etf enc el i nesar oundorwi t hi nt hesi t ewer enotobs er ved Sunk enordowndr oppedr oadsordr i veway swer enotobser v edi norar oundt hesi t e
Rapi di ncr eas ei ncr eekwat erl ev el s ,poss i bl yacc ompani edbyi nc r easedt ur bi di t y( s oi l cont ent )wer enotobser v ed Suddendecr eas ei nc r eekwat erl evel st houghr ai ni sst i l l f al l i ngorj ustr ec ent l ys t oppedwer e notobs er v ed St i c ki ngdoor sandwi ndows,andvi si bl eopenspacesi ndi cat i ngj ambsandf r amesoutof pl umbwer enotobser v ed Scor e5
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Par t4-I ff eat ur esshownont heUSGSf actsheetFS07100exi st ,woul dyoudescr i be t hef eat ur es’ef f ectont hel andscapeas; Thegr eat estef f ectont hesi t ef r om anyoft heobs er vedUSGSnomi nat edl andsl i de pot ent i als i t ef eat ur esi scons i der edt ohaveami nori nf l uenc e.
Scor e5
Landsl i deRi skPot ent i al : 5 + 5
+ 5 + 5
= 20
I sal andsl i depot ent i aloft hi ssi t esi gni f i cantorgr eat er ?
<10NotSi gni f i c ant >=10Si gni f i c ant
Thi ssi t emayhav et hepot ent i al t obeadv er sel yi mpac t edonbyal andsl i deeventatsomet i me dur i ngi t sl i f eexpect anc y,t her ef or eadet ai l edsl opes t abi l i t yi nv est i gat i onmus tbecar r i edouton t hi ss i t e( AS28702011,CL1. 11. 1)
Fi g16. 3Landsl i deFai l ur eMode
16. 3Si t eLandsl i deRi skHazar d AQuant i t at i v eRi s kEst i mat i onhasbeendet er mi ned t obebel owmax i mum t ol er abl el os sf orbot hPr oper t y Loss&Li f eRi s kl ossi fr i skmi t i gat i onmet hodsar e adopt ed.
SAMPLE
I ti sconsi der edt hatas hal l owf ai l ur ehast hel owest f act orofs af et yasdet er mi nedwi t hi nt heanal ys i s . Thef act orofs af et yofov er2wasdet er mi ned.
Desi gnf ordeepf ai l ur ei sc ons i der edonl yr equi r ed wi t hi nf r ont15m off r ontofsi t e.
16. 4Quant i t at i veRi skAssessment 16. 4. 1Ri skAssessmentCr i t er i a Ther i s kas ses smentmet hodol ogyadopt edf ort heLands l i deRi s kManagement As ses smenti sbas eduponAGSJour nal ,Vol ume42,No1( Mar c h2007)Cr i t er i a.Theuse ofQuant i t at i v eRi s kEs t i mat i onmet hodsi ss pec i f i ct ot hesi t eanal y si sandr esul t ss peci f i ed i nt hi sr epor t .Forf ur t heri nf or mat i onr el at i ngt ot hi sanal ys i smet hodc anbef oundi nt he AGSJ our nalr ef er enc ed.
16. 4. 2Quant i t at i veRi skEst i mat i onAnal ysi s AnnualPr obabi l i t yofaLandsl i de
P ( H)
Theannual pr obai l i t yal andl s i deeventi sc ons i der edl owast her ei snoevi denc eofr ecent sl i psorot herf eat ur eshavi ngocc ur r ed( UNLI KELY)
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Pr obabi l i t yofaSpat i alI mpact P(S:H) Themax i mum t r av el di s t anceoft hes l dei sl esst han10 met r es.Thi swi l l poss i bl yi mpac ton t hepr opos eds t r uc t ur e
Tempor alSpat i alPr obal i t y
P(T: S)
Thesi t ei sar es i dent i alpr oper t ywi t hal i kel yoc cupat i ononout si deofwor k i nghour sand week ends.Thi swi l l haveaposs i bl er i s kt ol i f e
Vul ner abi l i t yt opr oper t yf r om Spat i alI mpact V( Pr op: S) Ther i s kt opr oper t yf r om l andsl i deduet oexi st i ngs i t ec ondi t i onssuchasex i st i ngs l ope,cut andf i l l ,vul nar abi l i t yi scons i der edr ar el y
El ementofRi sk
E
Theval uec omponentatr i s koft hepr oper t ydamagei sconsi der edt obemi nor .
Vul ner abi l i t yt oper sonf r om Spat i alI mpact V ( D: T)
SAMPLE
Ast hear easoft hes i t ewi l l hav eshal l ows l i depos si bl i t yoversomeoft hes i t e,t her i s kt o per sonsorl os sofl i f ei scons i der edmi nor
Fi g16. 4Pr obabi l i t yofLoss
Pr obabi l i t yofPr oper t yLossFor mul at i on
R(pr = x P( x P( xP xV x E op) H) S: H) ( T: S) ( Pr op: S) Pr obabi l i t yofLossofLi f eFor mul at i on
R(pr = x P( x P( xP xV xV(D: op) H) S: H) ( T: S) ( Pr op: S) T) ARI-Annual Recur r enc eI nt er val Pr oper t yLossPr obabi l i t y ALevelDr i s kev i dent ,Theeventmi ghtocc urunderver yadver s e c i r cumst anc esovert hedesi gnl i f e.Lands l i pmi t i gat i ons t r uc t ur esar e r equi r edt oenabl eacc ept abl er i sk . LossofLi f ePr obabi l i t y ALevelDr i s kev i dent ,Theeventmi ghtocc urunderver yadver s e c i r cumst anc esovert hedesi gnl i f e.Lands l i pmi t i gat i ons t r uc t ur esar e
4
1x10 ARI
4
1x10 ARI
r equi r edt oenabl eacc ept abl er i sk .
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16. 5Concl usi on AQuant i t at i v eRi skEst i mat i onhasbeendet er mi nedt obebel owmaxi mum t ol er abl el ossf or bot hPr oper t yLos s&Li f eRi skl os si fr i skmi t i gat i onmet hodsar enotadopt ed.Ther ef or e c onst r uc t i ononsi t ei sconsi der edt obeal l owabl esubj ec tt oi nst al l at i onofs t r uct ur es des i gnedt omi ni mi sel andsl i pposs i bi l i t y( egr et ai ni ngwal l s ,por t al i s eddeepf oot i ngs,et c ) . Ref ert oSect i on11f orf oundi ngr equi r ement s.
Fi g16. 5Fr amewor kf orLandsl i deRi skManagement SCOPEDEFI NI TI ON
LANDSLI DE CHARACTERI STI C
ANALYSI SOFFREQUENCY
CHARACTERI STI CSOF CONSEQUENCE
SAMPLE ANALYSI SOFPROBABI LI TY& SEVERI TYOFCONSEQUENCE
RI SKESTI MATI ON
RI SKESTI MATI ONVs TOLERENCECRI TERI A& VALUEJUDGEMENTS
RI SKMI TI GATI ONOPTI ONS
RI SKMI TI GATI ON& CONTROLPLAN
I MPLEMENTATI ONOFRI SK MI TI GATI ON MONI TOR,REVI EW FEEDBACK
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Fi g16. 6Exampl esofConst r uct i onPr act i ce
SAMPLE
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17. 0Ret ent i on( Ret ai ni ng)Syst em Requi r ement s 17. 1Desi gnRequi r ement s Thedes i gnmet hodst hatar et obeadopt edar et obei nacc or dancewi t hAS46782002 Ear t hRet ai ni ngSt r uct ur esSt andar d.I nf or mat i onf oras ses smentofear t hpr ess ur ecoef f i ci ent si savai l abl ei nTabl esD1t oD4i nAppendi xD,AS4678andal sot hedesi gn model sandmet hodss etouti nAppendi xE,AS4678.Dur i ngt heex cav at i onoft hesi t e f ol l owi ngpr ol ongedr ai nper i ods,seepagewat ermaybepr es enti nt heex cav at i on.The i ns t al l at i onoft empor ar ycut of fdr ai nsand/orpumpi ngf r om sumpsatt hebas eoft he exc avat i onmayber equi r ed.Al ls uchwor k sar et obenoc l os ert hen0. 5t i mest hehei ghtof
17. 2St andar dRet ai ni ngSyst ems Soi lbehi ndpr opos edr et ai ni ngwal l st obebat t er edback( 45°Cl ay,30°Sand)unt i l compl et i onofr et ai ni ngwal l st r uc t ur eandf oundat i on.I ft i meper i odbet weenexc avat i onand i ns t al l at i oni sgr eat ert han12days ,t hent empor ar ys hor i ngoft heex cav at i oni st obe i ns t al l edorr ei nf or c eds hot c r et ecoat i ngappl i edf ul lhei ghtt ot hebat t erunt i l lr et ai ni ngwal li s const r uc t ed. Gr oundadj acentt ot her et ai ni ngwal l exc avat i ont ober ei ns t at edt oi t sor i gi nal st at et ot hepr act i cal sat i sf act i onoft headj oi ni ngownerandBui l di ngSur vey or( i f appl i cabl e. )Wher er et ai ni ngwal l sar et obec ons t r uc t edwi t hi ns i t est hatmayhav es l ope st abi l i t yi ss ues ,t hec ons i der at i onmus tbegi venbyt hest r uc t ur alengi neeri nr el at i ont o
SAMPLE
dept hofef f ect i v er es t r ai nt .Theposi t i onofsl i pl i nesi si mpor t antwhenc onsi der i ngatwhat dept hr et ai ni ngwal l swi l lpr ov i der est r ai nt .Thi sc onsi der at i onmusti nc l udet hef ac tt hatt he r et ai ni ngwal lwi l lnotonl yber es t r ai ni ngt hedept hoft heex cav at i onorhei ghtoff i l l i ng,buti t mayal s oneedt or est r i ant hedept hofsoi labov et hel ands l i des l i pl i ne.Forst andar d r et ai ni ngwal l s ,t hi sus eoft hi st ypeofst r uc t ur es houl donl ybec onsi der edwher eas hal l ow l andsl i der i s ki si nex i s t ence.Mor er obustsy t emss houl dbec onsi der eds uchasnoncont i guouspi l i ngs y st emsorr oc kanchor i ngmet hodswhi cht endt obemor eef f ect i v eand economi c alf ordeeperl andsl i depr of i l es . Fi gur e13. 1i l l us t r at esc ons i der at i onst hatmus tbei ncl udedwi t hi nt hest r uc t ur aldes i gnand speci f i c at i onofSt andar dReat ai ni ngWal l si nshal l owl andsl i depr of i l es. Fi g17. 1-St andar dRet ai ni ngWal lDesi gn
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17. 3NonCont i guousPi l i ngRet ai ni ngSyst em Noncont i guouspi l escanbespacedatamax i mum spac i ngof23di amet er st akenf r om cent r et ocent r eofadj acentpi l es( dependi ngonsoi l densi t y&cohesi on. )Thi si sequi v al ent t oas pac i ngofonedi amet erbet weent heout ermostc i r cumf er enc eoft headj ac entpi l es .At t hi ss paci ngt hear c hi ngf or cesi nt hesoi l swhi c hconsi s t soft hei nt er nal angl eoff r i c t i onand cohesi onwi l l r emai nst abl ef ors hor tper i odsoft i met oal l owt hepl aci ngofs t eel r ei nf or c ementands hot cr et et ocompl et et her et ai ni ngwal li nsegment s .I ti sant i ci pat edt hat t hes i t ewi l lbeexc avat edi nonemet r es egment sandt her et ai ni ngwal l const r uc t edi nt opdownc onst r uc t i oni n1met r es egment s.Spac i ngi nex c es sof23pi l edi amet er s( f r om t he cent r eofadj acentpi l es)i snotr ec ommendedduet ot hes paci ngbei ngi nexc es sofwhi ch ef f ect i v ear chi ngf or c esi nt hes oi l sc anber el i edont oc r eat easaf ewor ki nge nv i r onment .A saf ewor ki ngenv i r onmenti sonewher et her ei smi ni mal r i s kt ogr oundl ossandt her i skof ext er nal gr ounds et t l ementf r om exc ess i vel at er al movementoft hecant i l ev er ednoncont i guouspi l esi skeptwi t hi nacce pt abl el i mi t s. Aswi t hs t andar dr et ai ni ngs t r uct ur es ,pi l et y per et ai ni ngs t r uct ur est hatar et obe
SAMPLE
const r uc t edwi t hi nsi t est hatmayhav esl opes t abi l i t yi s sues ,t hec ons i der at i onmus tbe gi v enbyt hes t r uct ur al engi neeri nr el at i ont odept hofef f ect i v er es t r ai nt .Theposi t i onofsl i p l i nesi si mpor t antwhenconsi der i ngatwhatdept hr et ai ni ngwal l swi l lpr ov i der es t r ai nt .Thi s consi der at i onmusti ncl udet hef actt hatt her et ai ni ngwal l wi l l notonl yber es t r ai ni ngt he dept hoft heex cav at i onorhei ghtoff i l l i ng,buti tmayal soneedt or est r i ant hedept hofs oi l abov et hel andsl i des l i pl i ne.Forst andar dr et ai ni ngwal l s,t hi sus eoft hi st ypeofst r uc t ur e shoul donl ybecons i der edwher eashal l owl andsl i der i ski si nex i s t enc e.Mor er obus t sy t emsshoul dbecons i der eds uchasnonc ont i guouspi l i ngsy s t emsorr ockanc hor i ng met hodswhi cht endt obemor eef f ect i v eandeconomi c alf ordeeperl andsl i depr of i l es. Fi g17. 2-NonCont i guousRet ai ni ngWal lDesi gn
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18. 0Gener alRecommendat i ons&Condi t i ons Thesoi lpr of i l ei l l ust r at edi sbas edupont hepr of i l ef oundwi t hi nt hebor ehol est ak en.I ti sa sampl eoft hes i t e,andmayvar yi ndept handt hi cknes sov ert hes i t e.Thedept hsand bear i ngcapac i t i esgi v enwi t ht es tl ogsar egi v enonl yasagui deonl y . I ft hesoi lpr of i l eenc ount er edonsi t easi nt het es tl ogsf ort hi ssi t evar i esc onsi der abl yt o t hatenc ount eddur i ngcons t r uct i on,t hi smustber epor t edt ot hi sof f i c easf ur t hert es t i ng may ber equi r ed.Thi smayr es ul ti nac hangei nt hesoi lc l as si f i cat i ongi ven. Thedesc r i pt i ons oft hesoi lmat er i alenc ount er edi nt het esthol escl osel yf ol l owt hoseout l i nedi nAS17261993.Col ourdes cr i pt i onsmayv ar ywi t ht hesoi lmoi s t ur econt entduet oseas onal ef f ec t s andc onst r uc t i onef f ec t s.I tshoul dbenot edt her ef or e,col ourands hadedes cr i pt i ons ment i onedi nt hi sr epor tar emadewhent hesoi li si namoi stcondi t i on.Wher eanyf i l l i ng hasbeenpl acedov ert heal lorpar tofar ea( exc eptwher ei thasbeenpl ac edasl ev el l i ngf i l l i ns t al l edi nacc or dancewi t hs ect i on6. 4. 2ofAS28702011)wher et hes t r uct ur ei st obebui l t , t hi smus tber epor t edt ot hi sof f i ceasf ur t hert est i ngmayber equi r ed.Thi smayr esul ti na changei nt hes oi l cl ass i f i cat i ongi ven. Foot i ngsadj acentt oeas ement st obef oundedbel owangl eofr epos et oal ls er v i c es( s ewer , dr ai nage,phoneet c. )Foot i ngsadj ac entt ot heboundar yt obef oundedatt hemi ni mum dept hofadj oi ni ngf oot i ngsorasperr epor tr ec ommendat i ons .Theex i s t enceofal l ex i st i ng under gr ounds er v i c es( e. gdr ai nage,el ec . ,phone, sewer ,et c )t obedet er mi nedonsi t eand f r om r el ev antaut hor i t yr ec or dspr i ort ocommenc ementofconst r uc t i on.Exi st i ngs er v i c es
SAMPLE
i nf or mat i onmustbechec kedwhet heraneasementexi st sonorneart hepr oper t yornot . Per mi s i ont oconst r uctwi t hi n1000mm ofsewer / dr ai npi pemayneedt obeobt ai nedf r om r el ev antseweraut hor i t y / counc i l pr i ort ot hecommenc mentofconst r uc t i on.Ver t i c alCont r ol Joi nt s,shal lbei ns t al l edi nacc or dancewi t hAS4773. 12010,Sec t i on13f ornonr ei nf or c ed mas onr ywal l sandal l r ender edwal l saswel l . Thi sr epor ti spr ovi dedt ot heOwnerandt hei rCons ul t ant sf ort hei rs ol euset ouseasa gui def orf oundat i ondesi gnandcons t r uct i oni ncompl i ancewi t hAS28702011.Thi sr epor t cannotbet r ans f er r edt oanyot hers i t eandwi l l notbeval i dunl essr epr oducedi nf ul l .
JamesBl ai r B. E. ( Mech) ,MI EAust Geot echni cal ,Ener gy&Sust ai nabi l i t yManager
Chr i sRozycki B. E. ( Ci vi l ) , MI EAust . CPEng, NER, RBP( EC) , RPEQ, AI st r uct E. CEng( UK) , MASBC, Nat HERS Managi ngDi r ect orChar t er edPr of essi onalEngi neer
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Appendi xA A1. 0Repor tTer ms&Condi t i ons Wher et hef ol l owi ngt er ms&c ondi t i onsar ei nl egal conf l i c twi t hSt at eandFeder al St at ut or y Regul at i ons( att hedat eoft hi squot at i on) ,t hes er egul at i onswi l lt ak epr ecedentovert he t er msandcondi t i onsnot edbel ow.Al l r emai ni ngt er msandc ondi t i onswi l l st i l l bev al i d.Est r uc tGeot echni cal i sat r adi ngnameofEs t r uctP/ L( ACN:97097361898) .Al ls er vi ces pr ovi dedhav eaPr of es si onall i abi l i t yl i mi t at i onofone( 1)mi l l i ondol l ar smaxi mum.I fot her ser v i c esar epr ov i dedbyest r uc tP/ L( underot hert r adi ngnamesnotl i s t edher e)i n conj unc t i onwi t ht hes er vi cespr ovi dedwi t hi nt hi sr epor t ,t hec ombi nedpr of es si onall i abi l i t y f oral l ser v i cespr ov i dedwi l l bel i mi t edt oonemi l l i ondol l ar sonl y.Pr of es si onal Li abi l i t ydoes notex t endt oanyot herCons ul t ant sorCont r act or si nv ol v edwi t ht hespeci f i c at i on,desi gnor const r uct i onofs pec i f i cwor kst obeunder t aken.Es t r uctPt yLt dt akesnor esponsi bi l i t y out s i deoft hespeci f i ci nf or mat i on&r ecommendat i onswi t hi nt hi sr epor t . TheLabor at or yi nv est i gat i onofanysoi lmat er i alf r om t hesi t ei snotc over edi nt hes copeof t hi si nves t i gat i onandr epor t .Ther emov alofonsi t esoi lmat er i alf r om t hesi t ef orl abor at or y i nv es t i gat i oni snotc over edwi t hi nt hi si nv es t i gat i onandr epor t . Thi sass ess mentdoesnotcov ert hi ngssuchasel ect r i c alandpl umbi ngass et sc ondi t i on ass es smentf orex i s t i ngst r uct ur es .Thi sr epor tdoesnotcov ert hegr adi ngoft heex i st i ng st r uc t ur et i mbert oasc er t ai nt i mbert ypeaswel lasst r engt hgr adef orst r uct ur al des i gn
SAMPLE
pur poses.Theas ses smentoft hebr i c kwor kt odet er mi nei fi twasc onst r uc t edt oAust r al i an St andar dswasnotwi t hi nt hes copeoft hi sRepor t .Theas sess mentoft hecompl i anceoft he exi st i ngs t r uc t ur alwal landr ooff r ami ng,t i edowns ,br aci ngandt i mberconnec t i onst o cur r entAust r al i anSt andar dsandBui l di ngCodeofAust r al i ai sal sonotcov er edwi t hi nt he sc opeoft hi sRepor t . Owner sar eadvi sedt or ef ert ot heCSI ROi nf or mat i ons er v i c edoc umentBTF18," AGui de t oHomeOwner sonFoundat i onMai nt enanceandFoot i ngRecommendat i ons. " .Acopyof t hi sdoc umenti sav ai l abl ef r eef r om t hi sof f i ceuponr equest .Thi sdoc umentmustbe obt ai nedbyt heOwnerandal l t her epor t sr ecommendat i onss houl dbeadopt ed. I fy ouhav eanyquer i esi nr el at i ont ot hecont entoft hi sr epor tpl easec ont ac tt hi sof f i cepr i or t oc ommenc i nganyengi neer i ngdesi gnorcommencementofc ons t r uc t i onf orc l ar i f i c at i on. Thi sr epor tmustber eadi ni t sent i r et y.Af ul lr epr oduct i onoft hi sr epor tmustbeut i l i s edatal l t i mes.es t r uc tPt yLt ddoesnott aker esponsi bi l i t yf ordamageorl ossr esul t i ngi nt hes oi l r epor tbei ngmi s used,al t er edori t sf ul l r ecommendat i onsar enotadopt ed.
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A2. 0Si t eCl assi f i cat i onAssessment Thi sr epor thasbeencl ass i f i edi nacc or dancewi t hNat i onalConst r uct i onCode-Vol ume2 ( NCC) ,Par t3. 2. 4andAS2870-2011Sect i ons1and2andAppendi xD. AS28702011pr ovi descl ar i f i c at i onofsi t ec l as si f i c at i oni nSect i on2. 1.I tst at est hatSi t e cl ass i f i cat i oni sper f or medt oal l owt hesel ect i onofs t andar df oot i ngdesi gnspr es ent edi n Sec t i on3orf ort hedesi gnoff oot i ngs ys t emsbyengi neer i ngpr i nc i pl esasdes cr i bedi n sec t i on4.Si t ess hal l bec l as si f i edi nt ooneoft hec l as sesgi v eni nTabl e2. 1i nac cor danc e wi t hAS28702011r equi r ement sf orbot ht heex pec t edex t entofs oi l mov ementandt he dept ht owhi cht hi smovementex t endsbasedonsoi lr eact i v i t y.I nCl aus e2. 1. 3( AS28702011) . t hec l as si f i c at i onofCl as sPshal lbegi vent osi t econdi t i onss pec i f i edandi nCl aus e 1. 3. 3( AS28702011) .-Abnor malmoi s t ur econdi t i ons.Thef ol l owi ngi sasummar i zat i onof t hes er equi r ement s .
A2. 1Si t eCl assi f i cat i onbasedonSoi lReact i vi t y Fr om Tabl e3. 2. 4. 1GENERALDEFI NI TI ONSOFSI TECLASSES( NCC-Vol ume2) ( Fr om Tabl e2. 1GENERALDEFI NI TI ONSOFSI TECLASSES( AS28702011) ) Fi gA2. 1Gener alDef i ni t i onsofSi t eCl asses
Cl ass
Foundat i on
A
Mos tsandandr ocksi t eswi t hl i t t l eornogr oundmovementf r om moi s t ur echanges.
S
Sl i ght l yr eac t i v ec l aysi t es,whi chmayex per i enceonl ys l i ghtgr oundmovement f r om moi st ur ec hanges .( ys :020mm)
M
Moder at el yr eac t i v ecl ayors i l tsi t es,whi chmayex per i enc emoder at egr ound mov ementf r om moi st ur ec hanges .( ys :2040mm)
H1
Hi ghl yr eac t i v ec l aysi t eswhi chcanex per i encehi ghgr oundmovementf r om moi st ur ec hanges .( y s:4060mm)
H2
Hi ghl yr eac t i v ec l aysi t eswhi chcanex per i encev er yhi ghgr oundmov ementf r om moi st ur ec hanges .( y s:6075mm)
E
Ex t r emel yr eac t i vec l aysi t eswhi c hcanexper i enceex t r emegr oundmovement f r om moi s t ur echanges.( y s:>75mm)
SAMPLE
A2. 2Si t essubj ectt oAbnor malSoi l&Moi st ur eCondi t i ons-Soi lr el at ed f r om AS28702011,Cl ause2. 1. 3 CLASSI FI CATI ONOFOTHERSI TES
As i t es hal l bec l as si f i edasCl assPi f : ( a) Thebear i ngs t r engt hi sl es st hanspeci f i edi nCl ause2. 4. 5( AS28702011)50kPami n. f ors l abs( def i nedi ns ect i on3&4. )100kPami n.f orst r i p&st umpf oot i ngsf oundedi n nat ur al soi l . ( b) exc ess i v ef oundat i ons et t l ementmayocc urduet ol oadi ngont hef oundat i on. ( c) t hesi t ec ont ai nsunc ont r ol l edorcont r ol l edf i l l asi ndent i f i edi nCl ause2. 5. 3( AS28702011) ( d) Unusual moi st ur ec ondi t i onscaus edbydr ai ns ,channel s ,ponds ,damsort ankswhi ch ar et obemai nt ai nedorr emov edf r om t hes i t e. ( e) t hesi t ec ont ai nsunc ont r ol l edorcont r ol l edf i l l asi ndent i f i edi nCl ause2. 5. 3( AS28702011) ( f ) Unusual moi st ur ec ondi t i onscaus edbydr ai ns ,channel s ,ponds ,damsort ankswhi ch ar et obemai nt ai nedorr emov edf r om t hes i t e.
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A2. 3Si t essubj ectt oAbnor malSoi l&Moi st ur eCondi t i ons-NonSoi lr el at ed f r om AS28702011,Cl ause1. 3. 3 ABNORMALMOI STURECONDI TI ONS
Ex ampl esofabnor malmoi st ur ec ondi t i onsexi st i ngpr i ort oc ons t r uct i oni nc l udet hef ol l owi ng: ( a)Removal ofanex i s t i ngbui l di ngors t r uct ur el i k el yt ohav esi gni f i cant l ymodi f i edt hesoi l moi s t ur econdi t i ons( di s t ur bedsoi las wel l )undert hef oot pr i ntsy st em oft hebui l di ng. ( b)Removal oft r eespr i ort oconst r uct i on. ( c )Pr esenc eoft r eesont hebui l di ngs i t eoradj ac entsi t e. ( d)Unusual moi st ur econdi t i onscaus edbydr ai ns ,channel s ,ponds ,damsort ankswhi ch ar et obemai nt ai nedorr emov edf r om t hes i t e. Ex ampl esofabnor malmoi st ur ec ondi t i onsr esul t i ngf r om cons t r uct i oni nc l udet hef ol l owi ng: ( i ) Fai l ur et opr ov i deadequat es i t edr ai nage. ( i i )Fai l ur et odet ai l orc ons t r uctdr ai nagei nacc or dancewi t ht hi sSt andar d. Ex ampl esofabnor malmoi st ur ec ondi t i onsdev el opi ngf r om c onst r uc t i oni nc l udet hef ol l owi ng: ( A)Theef f ectoft r eest oocl oset oaf oot i ng ( B)Ex ces si veori r r egul arwat er i ngofgar densadj ecentt ot hebui l di ng.
SAMPLE
( C)Fai l ur et omai nt ai nsi t edr ai nage ( D)Fai l ur et or epai rpl umbi ngl eaks
( E)Lossofveget at i onf r om neart hebui l di ng
A2. 4Cal cul at i onoft r eei nducedsoi lmovement( yt ) Thecal cul at i onoft r eei nducedmovement( y t )i sr equi r edper f or medi nac cor danc ewi t h AS28702011,Appendi xH.Thi ssy st em ut i l i s est heI deal i sedmoundMet hod( Wal sh Met hod)setouti nAppendi xFt odet er mi net hedi f f er ent i almov ementc ausedbyt r ees( y t ) . Fort hi sCal cul at i on,I s si ses t i mat edbaseduponf i el dass ess mentr esul t s . Foundi ngr equi r ement si nLandsl i deRi skManagementar easi snor mal l ydeeperf oundi ng t heni sr equi r edt omi ni mi s et r r eeef f ec t s.Ther ef or ei ti snotr ecommendedt ous t i l i s et he desi gnmet hodei nAS28702011,Appendi xHast her equi r ementf ordeeperf oundi ngwi l l st i l l bepr esent ,t husnegat i ngt hebenef i tofut i l i si ngt hi sanal ys i smet hod.
A3. 0Ret ai ni ngWal lDesi gnPar amet erRecommendat i ons A3. 1Ret ai ni ngWal lDesi gnLi veLoadSpeci f i cat i ons Ret ai ni ngWal l sdes i gnr equi r ement sshoul dbeappl i edi nacc or dancewi t hAS4678-2002, Ear t hRet ai ni ngSt r uct ur esCode.Thef ol l owi ngpr ovi desl i v el oad speci f i c at i oni n acc or dancewi t ht hec ode.
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Tabl eA3. 1Li veLoadDesi gnTabl e-Ear t hRet ai ni ngSt r uct ur es f r om Tabl e4. 1-Li veLoad( kPa)( AS46782002Ear t hRet ai ni ngSt r uct ur es)
Cl ass i f i cat i on B,C
Back f i l ls l ope( hor i zont al / ver t i cal ) St eepert han4: 1 4: 1orf l at t er 2. 5k Pa 5. 0kPa
A
1. 5k Pa
2. 5kPa
A3. 2Ret ai ni ngWal lDesi gnAngl eofFr i ct i on&Densi t y Thef ol l owi ngt abl ei sagui def orAngl eofFr i ct i on&Densi t yv al uesr equi r edt odet er mi ne Ac t i v eandPass i v ePr ess ur eCoef f i c i ent sf ort hedesi gnofsoi l ef f ect sont her et ai ni ngwal l . Theuseofaf r eebodydi agr am t odet er mi net heper f or mt r i al wedgeas sess ment swi l l enabl et hes peci f i c at i onofr et ai ni ngf ac t or s . Tabl eA3. 2-Soi lAngl eofFr i ct i on&Densi t y Hor i zon
Soi lType
Angl eofFr i ct i on o
=
19kN/ m3
29
o
=
19kN/ m3
=
18o
=
19kN/ m3
=
23
o
=
19kN/ m3
A
SandySI LT
=
29
E
SandySI LT
=
B1, 3
Si l t yCLAY
SandyCLAY
B2, 4
Densi t y
SAMPLE
Fi gA3. 3Fr eeBodyDi agr am f ort r i alwedgeassessmentf orr et ai ni ngwal l s
A4. 0Foundi ngSpeci f i cat i onsf orResi dent i alFoot i ngs A4. 1Foundi ngSpeci f i cat i onsf orSt andar dFoot i ngs Thes peci f i c at i onf ort hef oundi ngofs t andar df oot i ngsasnomi nat edi nTabl e11. 1. 1,11. 1. 2 and11. 2.Thesedept hsr el at et ot heappr ox i mat edept hoft hel andl i desl i pl i net hatwas det er mi nedt obet hemostcr i t i cal f ort hi ssi t e.
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Thef ol l owi ngexampl esoff oot i ngs ys t ems( f ori l l us t r at i v epur pos esonl y) ,ut i l i sea cant i l ever edr ei nf or c edc oncr et epi ermet hodwer eeac hpi erpr ov i desl at er alr est r ai nt i ndi v i dual l y .Thef oot i ngsar ef oundedas uf f i c i entdept hbel owt hel andsl i desl i pl i net o anc hort hepi eragai ns tl ands l i pmov ement .As ui t abl yqual i f i edandex per i enc edst r uc t ur al engi neershoul dbec ons ul t edandengagedt odesi gnt hemostappr opr i at ef oot i ngt ypef or yours i t e.Thi sof f i c ecanpr ov i det hi sser vi ce Fi gA4. 1Exampl eofFoundi ngSpeci f i cat i onsf orSt andar dRaf tSl abs
SAMPLE
Fi gA4. 2Exampl eofFoundi ngSpeci f i cat i onsf orWaf f l eRaf tSl abs
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SAMPLE Fi gA4. 4Exampl eofFoundi ngSpeci f i cat i onsf orPadFoot i ngs
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A4. 2Foundi ngSpeci f i cat i onsf orNonSt andar dFoot i ngs Thef ol l owi ngexampl esoff oot i ngs ys t ems( f ori l l ust r at i v epur pos esonl y) ,ut i l i sesa por t al i sedr ei nf or cedc onc r et epi erandbeam met hodwer et heent i r ef oot i ngi si nt egr at edt o pr i v i depr ov i desl at er al r est r ai ntc ol l ec t i vel y .Thef oot i ngsar ef oundedasuf f i ci entdept h bel owt hel andsl i des l i pl i net oanc hort hepi eragai ns tl andsl i pmov ement .Asui t abl y qual i f i edandex per i enc eds t r uc t ur alengi neershoul dbecons ul t edandengagedt odes i gn t hemos tappr opr i at ef oot i ngt ypef ory oursi t e.Thi sof f i cec anpr ovi det hi ss er v i c e. Fi gA4. 5Exampl eofFoundi ngSpeci f i cat i onsf orNonSt andar dFoot i ngSyst em
SAMPLE A4. 3Descr i pt i on&Speci f i cat i onofSoi lHor i zons Soi lHor i z onsar eusedt odi f f er ent i at ebet weendi f f er entt ypesandc ondi t i onsofs oi l .Thi s hel psdet er mi neappr opr i at ef oundi ngdept hsf orf oot i ngsaswel l asgi vi ngani ndi c at i onas t ot het y peofs oi l i ti s( Ref ert oFi gA4. 5) . Fi gA4. 6Soi lHor i zonDescr i pt i ons
Nat ur al l yDeposi t edHor i zonLayer s: Foral l' Fi l l 'ornonnat ur alsoi l l ayer s,t henFsymboli sused
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A5. 0Descr i pt i on&Cl assi f i cat i onofSoi l sandRocksf orGeot echni calPur poses Tabl eA1-AS17261993,Appendi xA-Gui det ot heDescr i pt i oni dent i f i cat i onand Cl assi f i cat i onofSoi l s( f i el di dent i f i cat i ononl y) Fi gA5. 1Rock&Soi lCl assi f i cat i on
SAMPLE
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Appendi xB B1. 0Soi lSket ches Fi gB1. 1Soi lSket ch1
SAMPLE
Exi st i ngCondi t i onsSi t eSket ch
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Fi gB1. 2Soi lSket ch2
SAMPLE
Recommendat i onsSi t eSket ch
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B2. 0Si t ePhot oI nf or mat i on B2. 1Si t ePhot oDescr i pt i ons Fi gB2. 1Si t ePhot o1
SAMPLE St r eetvi ew f aci ngwest Fi gB2. 2Si t ePhot o2
St r eetvi ewf aci ngeast
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Fi gB2. 3Si t ePhot o3
Vi ew t of r ontofr esi dence
SAMPLE Fi gB2. 4Si t ePhot o4
Vi ewt owar df r ontboundar y
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Fi gB2. 5Si t ePhot o5
SAMPLE Vi ewt owar dsr earofr esi dence Fi gB2. 6Si t ePhot o6
Vi ew t owar dr earboundar y
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B2. 2Si t eHi st or i calAer i alPhot oDescr i pt i on Fi gB2. 9Si t eHi st or i calAer i alPhot o1
SAMPLE Aer i alphot oJune2009
Fi gB2. 10Si t eHi st or i calAer i alPhot o2
Aer i alphot oOct ober2015
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B3. 0Si t eLocal i t yI nf or mat i on Fi gB3. 1 Si t eLocal i t yDi agr am
SAMPLE
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Appendi xC C1. 0Landsl i dePr of i l es Fi gC1. 1
Landsl i pePr of i l e1
SAMPLE
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Fi gC1. 2
Landsl i pePr of i l e2
SAMPLE
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Appendi xD D1. 0TestSi t es Dept h Hor i zon ( mm) 0
Tabl e D1. 1
TestSi t e1
TestDat e 06/ 06/ 16 Bear i ng( kPa)
Soi lPr of i l eLayerDescr i pt i on
LTFI LL ML SandySI Br own
Gr ey
Moi st ,Loose
Or gani cs,gr assr oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 0 bel ow200mm: 0
200 LT ML SandySI A
Br own
Gr ey
Moi st ,Fi r m
t r eer oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 60 bel ow200mm: 80
450 LT ML SandySI E
Whi t e
Br own
Moi st ,Fi r m
t r eer oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 80 bel ow200mm: 80
650 l t yCLAY CH Si B1
Or ange
Moi st ,Ver ySt i f f
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 80 somesand,t r acegr avel be l ow200mm: 100 Br own&r edmot t l e
1500
B2
Gr ey Moi st ,Ver ySt i f f
Or angemot t l ed
someGr av el @ 3300
somegr avel 4. 34. 6m
4600
l t yCLAY CH Si
B3
Gr ey Moi st ,Ver ySt i f f
Wetgr av el l yl ens5. 35. 6
5600
CI SandyCLAY B4 6000
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 120 bel ow200mm: 120
SAMPLE CI SandyCLAY
Gr ey Moi st ,Ver ySt i f f
Or angemot t l ed Wat ert abl e encount er ed
Or angemot t l ed
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 120
bel ow200mm: 120 ( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 120 bel ow200mm: 120
Test Si t e-Ter mi nat ed
Col our sshownwi t hi nbor el ogsar er epr esent i t i veonl yandmayv ar yonsi t eduet omoi s t ur econt entandsoi lcompos i t i onvar i at i ons
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Tabl e D1. 2 Dept h Hor i zon ( mm) 0
TestSi t e2
TestDat e 06/ 06/ 16 Bear i ng( kPa)
Soi lPr of i l eLayerDescr i pt i on
Concr et e
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 0 bel ow200mm: 0
F 120 LL GW GRAVELFI
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 0 bel ow200mm: 0
F 350 LT ML SandySI A
Br own
Gr ey
Moi st ,Fi r m
t r eer oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 60 bel ow200mm: 80
600 LT ML SandySI E
Whi t e
Br own
Moi st ,Fi r m
t r eer oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 80 bel ow200mm: 80
750 l t yCLAY CH Si B1
Or ange Moi st ,Ver ySt i f f
Br ownmot t l ed t r eer oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 80 bel ow200mm: 100
1100
CI SandyCLAY
B21 2700
SAMPLE Gr ey Moi st ,Ver ySt i f f
l t yCLAY CH Si
B3
Gr ey Moi st ,Ver ySt i f f
5000 l t yCLAY CH Si B3 6000
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 120
Gr ey Moi st ,Ver ySt i f f
Or angemot t l ed
mor esandywi t hdept h
Or angemot t l ed
bel ow200mm: 120 ( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 120
mor eor ange/ r edwi t h dept h
bel ow200mm: 120
Or angemot t l ed
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 120 bel ow200mm: 120
somegr avelf r agment s
Test Si t e-Ter mi nat ed
Col our sshownwi t hi nbor el ogsar er epr esent i t i veonl yandmayv ar yonsi t eduet omoi s t ur econt entandsoi lcompos i t i onvar i at i ons
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Tabl e D1. 3 Dept h Hor i zon ( mm) 0
TestSi t e3
F
Bear i ng( kPa)
Soi lPr of i l eLayerDescr i pt i on
LTFI LL ML SandySI
TestDat e 06/ 06/ 16
Br own
Gr ey
Moi st ,Loose
Or gani cs,gr assr oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 0 bel ow200mm: 0
200 LT ML SandySI A
Br own
Gr ey
Moi st ,Fi r m
t r eer oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 60 bel ow200mm: 80
450 LT ML SandySI E
Whi t e
Br own
Moi st ,Fi r m
t r eer oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 80 bel ow200mm: 80
600
SAMPLE l t yCLAY CH Si
B1 1600
Or ange
Br ownmot t l ed
Moi st ,Ver ySt i f f
t r eer oot s
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 80 bel ow200mm: 100
Test Si t e-Ter mi nat ed
Col our sshownwi t hi nbor el ogsar er epr esent i t i veonl yandmayv ar yonsi t eduet omoi s t ur econt entandsoi lcompos i t i onvar i at i ons
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Tabl e D1. 4 Dept h Hor i zon ( mm) 0
TestSi t e4
F
Bear i ng( kPa)
Soi lPr of i l eLayerDescr i pt i on
LTFI LL ML SandySI
TestDat e 06/ 06/ 16
Br own
Gr ey
Moi st ,Sof t
r ust ynai l
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 0 bel ow200mm: 0
200 LTFI LL ML SandySI F 400
Br own
Gr ey
Moi st ,Fi r m
FCsheet ,pi pe
( Wi t hi nLayer ) 0200mm: 0 bel ow200mm: 0
SAMPLE Test Si t e-AugerRef u sa
Col our sshownwi t hi nbor el ogsar er epr esent i t i veonl yandmayv ar yonsi t eduet omoi s t ur econt entandsoi lcompos i t i onvar i at i ons
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