SPECIAL STEEL BOOK JANUARY 2020 Page 1
Experience our can-do attitude. As part of the Fletcher Steel family, the team at Easysteel bring a passion to what we do and how we do it. Individually and collectively through our diversity, scale and expertise across the business, we become a force to be reckoned with. We believe in being game changers, delivering excellence in engineering and construction, while bringing together the best products, that showcase our innovation and willingness to doing things differently - bringing your projects to life! No matter who you talk to, you get someone who cares about giving you what you need; each and every time. That’s how we’re working together for you.
We care. Building relationships on trust.
Together, the power of one. Your service experience.
It’s naturally our way. Our team culture is based on caring about our colleagues and customers, caring about getting it right and seeing the end result come to life. Trust in us to deliver you the very best result for your next project.
We’re a diverse bunch of people with expert skills and capabilities. Only by working together can we achieve greatness and success. We all play a part and this ultimately creates a unique experience for you our customers.
Getting the details right. Saving you time.
Our people first culture drives results. Everyone is in it for the long haul.
Nothing is better or more satisfying than getting the job right first time. Together, if we’re all over the detail, this means a positive experience for you. Every small step taken makes a difference to our customers. We thrive on a challenge and we’re always in your corner.
When we all care about the outcome it drives a culture change among our team. Every one of us is working together to bring you the very best. It’s not only in our name but in our actions - experience the difference.
We want you to choose Fletcher Steel, and our desire is to make this happen, because when you’re happy we’re happy. It needs to be an easy decision working with us and choosing our product. We’re committed to giving you what you need after all, steel is our business.
V08.00.1119
Making the difference in your projects. Sharing in your success.
Introduction Easysteel is a part of Fletcher Steel Limited. The company prides itself on its position as a leading steel distributor in New Zealand providing a comprehensive range of products and services to meet the needs of this market. The Steel Book is a directory of products and services available from Easysteel and is provided as a guide to assist customers when determining their requirements. It is by no means an exhaustive list of the company’s service portfolio. For in this dynamic environment, operating within a more prevalent global economy, the range of products and services that Easysteel offers is ever changing.
The Steel Book is a part of our full range of publications outlining our product offer. We also have available, The Special Steels Book and The Steel & Wire Book. See our website or ask your Easysteel Sales Representative for a copy of any of these publications. Every care has been taken by staff in producing this catalogue. Easysteel has endeavoured to ensure accuracy of the information contained herein, however Easysteel cannot and does not accept responsibility for any loss or damage sustained by any party through use of this information.
Page 4
Introduction Quality Easysteel continues to maintain a strong commitment to the principles of total quality management. This results in minimum waste, improved efficiencies and a service promise which meets customer requirements. Easysteel has a philosophy of continuous improvement in all areas of its business. Service At Easysteel, we pride ourselves in providing the best service in the Industry. High standards of service throughout the business is a focus for all our teams. Technical Advice Easysteel provides technical expertise on all products and services it markets. Specialist advice is available on product properties, product selection and specific end use application. Any advice given should subsequently be authorised by a qualified engineer. Suppliers Easysteel has a centrally based supply chain which leverages its strong relationship with suppliers to provide highly competitive offers to its customers. These offers are sourced globally from quality steel mills and suppliers which enables its customers to compete in both domestic and export markets. Health, Safety & Environment At Easysteel, our safety goal is zero harm. Health and Safety is our highest priority, not only for all employees, but also for our customers, suppliers, contractors and visitors. We take a pro-active approach in regards to Health, Safety & Environment, and we are continually developing and implementing systems to ensure our workplace is a safe one. At Easysteel, everyone is responsible for ensuring that we are working in a safe manner -
Because we want to. . . not because we have to!
Page 5
Contents Introduction
4
Brand Equivalent Charts
8
Carbon Mild Steel Bright Commercial Quality Round Bar and Flats
10 10
Carbon Steels Bright Free Cutting Medium Tensile 1045
12 12 14
Alloy Steels High Tensile 4140 High Tensile 4340
16 16 18
Case Hardening Steel Case Hardening - EN36A Case Hardening - 1.6587 Case Hardening - EN39B
20 20 22 23
Phosphor Bronze Phosphorus Bronze LG2 Phosphorus Bronze PB1
24 24 25
Aluminium Bronze Aluminium Bronze 954 Nickel Aluminium Bronze AB2
26 26 27
Cast Iron Grey Cast Iron Ductile Cast Iron
28 28 29
Hydraulic Steels Hard Chrome Bar Hydraulic Cylinder Tube
30 30 31
Hollow Bar Carbon Hollow Bar
32 33
Page 6
Contents Tool Steels Alloy Cold-work Tool Steel - 1.2379 (D2) Alloy Cold-work Tool Steel - 1.2311 (P20) / 1.2738 (P20 + Ni) Alloy Cold-work Tool Steel - 1.2767 Alloy Cold-work Tool Steel - 1.2363 (A2) Hot-work Tool Steel - 1.2344 (H13)
34 34 35 36 37 38
Gauge Plate & Key Steel Gauge Plate Key Steel
39 39 39
Silver Steel Silver Steel
40 40
Appendix 41 Size Tolerances to ASTM A29 41 Straightness Tolerances to ASTM A29 44 ISO Tolerances 45 Machining Allowances 46 Useful Tables Weights - Kg/Metre 47 Approx. Comparison of Tensile Strength 48 Approx. Equivalent Hardness Numbers and Tensile Strength for Brinell Hardness for Steel 49 Conversion Calculations 50
Page 7
Brand Equivalents Chart TOOL & ALLOY STEELS
Mild Steel
Easysteel Shortname
AISI
BS 970 En
BS 970 New
BCQ 1018/1020
1018/1020
EN3B
070M20
4051-S20C
BFC 1214/1215
1214/1215
EN1A
230M07
4804-Sum23/25 4804-Sum23L
Japan JIS-G
Thyssen
Atlas
7225
SPS
AISI-115Mn30 BLB 12L14/12L15
12L14/12L15
EN1A Pb
230M07Pb
MT x 1040/45
1040/45
En8
080M40
4051-S40C
Medium /High Tensile
HT x 4140
4140
En19
708M40
4053-SCM440
HT x 4340
4340
En24
817M40
4103-SNCM439
En25
823M30
En30B
835M30
Case Hardening
CASE x En36A
En39A
665M13
En39B
835M15
HT x En25 MHTF x 2767 3310
CASE x En39B
CM Ultimo 200/4 6580
4103-SNCM628 Thyrodur 2767 4102-SNC815
6587
AHT28 SuperImpacto
4103-SNCM815 Thyroplast 2764
BS4659
Cold Work
D2
D2
BD2
4404-SKD12
Thyrodur 2379
FNS
A2
A2
BA2
4404-SKD12
Thyrodur 2363
Cromoly
01
01
B01
4404-SKS3
Thyrodur 2510
Keewatin
En31 MLDH/MHTF x 2767
En30B
835M30
4103-SNCM628 Thyrodur 2767
AHT28
MLDF x PDS5
Plastic Mould
MOLD/MLDF x 2311
P20
Thyroplast 2311
MOLD/MLDF 2738
P20 + Ni
Thyroplast 2738
MLDF x 2312
P20 + S
PQ x 2083
420
MLDH/MHTF x 2767
420S45 En30B
835M30
Thyroplast 2312
Ultimo 200
Thyroplast 2083
420PQ
4103-SNCM628 Thyrodur 2767
AHT28
SUS42 J1
BS4659
Hot Work
HOT
H13
BH13
4404-SKD61 Thyrotherm 2344
Crovan
4404-SKD61 Thyrotherm 2344
Falcon 6
HOTF
Shock Resisting High Speed
Page 8
BS4659 S1
S1
M2
M2
BH13 BS4659 BM2
4404-SKH9
Thyrapid 3343
SIXIX
Brand Equivalents Chart Balfour Rochling
Hitachi
VEW
1040/45
Bohler
Assab
Comsteel
V945
Werkstoff
Kurz-Name
1.0402
c22
1.0715
9 SMn 28
1.0718
9 SMn 28 Pb
1.1186
CK40
SD19
V320
VCL140
05
1.7225
40 CrMo4
SD50/Monix15
V155
VCN150
R16
1.6565
40 CrNiMo6
R4
1.6743
32 NiCrMo16 4
1.6747
30 NiCrMo16 6
1.6723
15 NiCrMo16 5
SD12/RABW
V110
Plasmould
R2
SD51
E200
ES Special
Q5
E204
PPA
R10
SC25/RCC Supra
SLD
K105
Special KNL
XW-41
RSD13/RKCM
SCD
K305
Special K5
XW-10
TOH/RUS3
SGT
K460
Amutut S
DF2
SD12/RABW MPM2
K600
NWM
M210
Starmould
718
Aidi-150
155 CrVMo 12 1 100 CrMoV 5 1 1
Ketos
100MnCrW 4
M2
1.3505
100 Cr 6
R2
1.6747
30 NiCroMo 16 6
CSM2
40 CrMnMo 7 40 CrMnNiMo 8 6 4
PMS/Moulrex A
Holdax
SD12/RABW ADIC/RD2V
DAC
M310
WKW4
V110
Plasmould
W302
US Ultra 2
Stavax
40 CrMnMoS 8 6 420MFQ R2
8407
42 Cr 13 1.6747
Nu-Die V
30 NiCrMo 16 6 40 CrMoV 5 1 40 CrMoV 5 1
SCX15/00/RTWK
YSR
K450
My Extra
M4
60 WCrv 7 60 WCrv 7
Giantm5/Capital562
YXMI
S600
SREMo
ASP41
1.1003
Dmo 5
Page 9
Carbon Mild Steel BRIGHT COMMERCIAL QUALITY ROUND BAR AND FLATS Product Shortname: BCQI, BCQM, BFI, BFM Bright commercial quality is a general purpose mild steel. Characterised by excellent weldability and machinability with reasonable strength and good ductility.
Typical Applications: Suitable for all general engineering parts, fasteners, shafts, threaded bars etc.
Colour Code: Metric – Green and Imperial - Purple Welding: Readily weldable with low carbon consumables. Pre-heat heavy sections (over 50mm). Related Specifications Australia
Chemical Composition
AS 1443-2004 M1020
Germany Great Britain Japan
W.Nr 1.0402 C22
Carbon (C)
W.Nr 1.1151 CK22
Silicon (Si)
BS970 Part 3 – 1991 070M20
Max. %
0.15
0.25 0.35
Manganese (Mn)
BS 970 – 1955 EN3B
Min. %
0.30
0.90
Phosphorus (P)
0.05
Sulphur (S)
0.05
JIS G 4051 S20C SAE-AISI J403 – 2014 1018/1020
USA
Typical Mechanical Properties*
ASTM A29/29M – 91 1020 UNS G 10180/10200
Rounds Flats Squares
Yield Strength (MPa)
340 - 370
Hardness (HB)
120 - 235
Metric
Imperial
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Finish
Tolerance
6mm
120mm
3/16”
4 - 1/2”
Cold Drawn
h10
125mm
180mm
5”
7”
Turned & Polished
h11
12 x 6mm
200 x 20mm
1” x 1/2”
8” x 1”
Cold Drawn
h11
10mm
40mm
3/4”
3”
Cold Drawn
h11
Additional sizes and tolerances available on request.
Page 10
410 - 490
*Not guaranteed as mechanical properties are not specified for this grade. Guaranteed mechanical properties are available on request and subject to minimum order quantities.
Size Range: Shape
Tensile Strength (MPa)
Carbon Mild Steel Heat Treatment: Forging
1280ºC
Hold until temperature remains constant all over and air cool on completion.
Annealing
870 - 910ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over then cool in a furnace.
Carburising
880 - 920ºC
In suitable environment then hold for sufficient time to produce required carbon content and case depth. Refining/hardening and tempering processes are carried out to optimize core and case properties.
Core Refining
870 - 900ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over then quench in water, oil or brine.
Case Hardening
760 - 780ºC
Following core refining process re-heat and hold until the temperature is constant all over. Quench in water.
Tempering
150 - 200ºC
Re-heat then hold until the temperature remains constant all over. Soak for 1 hour per 25 mm of section then cool in still air. Tempering will improve the toughness of the case and help to reduce grinding cracks.
Normalising
890 - 940ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over. Soak for 10 - 15 minutes then cool in still air.
Stress Relieving
650 - 700ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over. Soak for 1 hour per 25 mm then cool in still air.
For guidance only.
Page 11
Carbon Steels BRIGHT FREE CUTTING Product Shortname: BFCI, BFCM, BFCF, BFCH Free machining steel widely used for parts and components where extensive machining is involved and strength/impact properties are not critical. The combination of manganese and sulphur form manganese sulphide inclusions which effectively act as “chip breakers” during machining allowing this grade to be machined at high speed with no adverse effect on tool life.
Typical Applications: Nuts, bolts, gears and parts exposed to low stress levels etc. Colour Code: Metric – Orange and Imperial - Red Welding: Precautions required due to sulphur content. Related Specifications
Chemical Composition
Australia
AS 1443 – 2004 1214
Germany
W.Nr 1.0715 9SMn28
Carbon (C)
0.15
BS970 – Part 1 – 1972 080A46
Silicon (Si)
0.10
Great Britain Japan
Min. %
BS970 – 1955 EN1A JIS G 4804 SUM22
Manganese (Mn)
0.75
1.15
Phosphorus (P)
0.04
0.09
Sulphur (S)
0.26
0.35
SAE-AISI J403 – 2014 1213 and 1215 USA
ASTM A29/A29M – 91 1213 and 1215 Typical Mechanical Properties*
UNS G 12130
Rounds Hexagon
Tensile Strength (MPa)
370 - 480
Yield Strength (MPa)
230 - 350
Hardness (HB)
120
*Not guaranteed as mechanical properties are not specified for this grade. Guaranteed mechanical properties are available on request and subject to minimum order quantities.
Size Range: Shape
Max. %
Metric
Imperial
Finish
Tolerance
41/2”
Cold Drawn
h10
5”
6”
Cold Drawn
h11
1-1/4”
1-1/2”
Cold Drawn
h11
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
6mm
120mm
1/4”
127mm
150mm
Additional sizes and tolerances available on request. Flats and squares are also available on an indent basis. Leaded (12L14) also available on an indent basis.
Page 12
Carbon Steels Heat Treatment: Forging
1300ยบC
Hold until temperature remains constant all over and air cool on completion.
Normalising
900 - 940ยบC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over. Soak for 10 - 15 minutes then cool in still air.
Annealing
890 - 920ยบC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over then cool in a furnace.
For guidance only.
Page 13
Carbon Steels MEDIUM TENSILE 1045 Product Shortname: MTI, MTM Characterised by fairly good strength and impact properties with good machinability and reasonable weldability. Black bar available in as rolled or forged bar and bright bar is cold drawn or turned/ peeled and polished finishes.
Typical Applications: General engineering applications requiring a higher strength than mild steel such as pins, bolts, shafts, axles etc.
Colour Code: Yellow Chemical Composition
Related Specifications Australia Germany Great Britain Japan
Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
0.37
0.50
W.Nr 1.0503 C45
Silicon (Si)
0.10
0.35
W.Nr 1.1191 CK45
Manganese (Mn)
0.60
0.90
AS 1442 – 2007 1040/45 AS 1443 – 2004 1040/45
BS970 – Part 3 - 1991 080A47 BS970 – 1955 EN43B / EN8
0.04
Sulphur (S)
0.05
JIS G 4051: 2009 S45C SAE-AISI J403 – 2014 1045
USA
Phosphorus (P)
Typical Mechanical Properties*
ASTM A29/A29M – 16 1045 UNS G 10450
Hot Rolled & Smooth Turned
Cold Drawn
Tensile Strength (MPa) Yield Strength (MPa)
570 - 700 300 - 450
Elongation (%)
14 - 30
Hardness (HB)
170 - 210
Tensile Strength (MPa) Yield Strength (MPa)
640 - 850 500 - 650
Elongation (%)
8 min
Hardness (HB)
190 - 270
*Not guaranteed as mechanical properties are not specified for this grade. Guaranteed mechanical properties are available on request and subject to minimum order quantities.
Page 14
Carbon Steels Size Range: Metric
Imperial
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Finish
Tolerance on Diameter
10mm
120mm
5/16”
4-1/2”
Cold Drawn
h10
125mm
180mm
5”
7”
Turned/Peeled & Polished
h11
40mm
530mm
Hot Rolled
Additional sizes, tolerances, shapes and finishes including precision ground (h8) available on request.
Welding: 1045 steel is readily welded when the correct procedure is followed. Welding in the hardened and tempered, flame or induction hardened condition is not recommended. Welding of 1045 should always be carried out using low hydrogen electrodes - please consult your welding consumables supplier. Suggested Pre-heat Temperature Section
25mm
50mm
75mm
150mm +
ºC
100
140
200
300
Post Welding
Cool as slowly as possible in dry lime, ash, sand etc. If possible – upon cooling to hand warmth, stress relieve at 550°C - 660°C then cool in still air.
Heat Treatment: Forging
1250ºC
Hold until temperature remains constant all over and air cool on completion.
Normalising
870 - 920ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over, soak for 10 - 15 minutes and cool in still air.
Annealing
800 - 850ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over then cool in a furnace.
Quenching
810 - 850ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over, soak for 10 - 15 minutes per 25mm of section and quench in water or brine.
Tempering
200 - 650ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over. Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section then cool in still air.
Stress relieving
500 - 660ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over. Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section then cool in still air.
For guidance only.
Page 15
Alloy Steels HIGH TENSILE 4140 Product Shortname: HTI, HTM, HTHX, HTGI, HTGM General purpose high tensile alloy that posse’s excellent toughness and is readily machinable. Stocked material is hardened and tempered in the range of 850 – 1000MPa (condition T) and available in a variety of finishes – hot rolled, cold drawn, precision ground or turned and polished. Where a higher strength is required or where greater surface hardness is required refer to the heat treatment procedure. Suitable for induction or flame hardening.
Typical Applications: Medium to heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, rods, spindles, crow bars, nuts etc. Colour Code: White Related Specifications Australia Germany
Great Britain
Japan
Chemical Composition
AS 1444-2007 4140
Min. %
Max. %
DIN 17212 W.Nr 1.7223 Type 41CrMo4
Carbon (C)
0.38
0.43
DIN 17200-1654 W.Nr 1.7225 Type 42CrMo4
Manganese (Mn)
0.75
1.00
DIN 17200 W.Nr 1.7227 Type 42CrMoS4
Phosphorus (P)
0.03
BS970 - 1955 EN19A
Sulphur (S)
BS970 Part 3: 1991 709M40
Silicon (Si)
0.15
0.35
JIS G 4053 – 2008 SCM440
Chromium (Cr)
0.80
1.10
JIS G 4103 – 1979 SNCM4
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.15
0.25
0.04
JIS G 4105 – 1979 SCM4, SCM440 SAE-AISI J404 - 2009 4140
Typical Mechanical Properties: Min. %
Max. %
Tensile Strength (MPa)
850
1000
0.2% Proof Stress (MPa)
655
Elongation (%)
13
Izod Impact J
54
ASTM A29/A29M - 16 4140 USA
ASTM A322 – 13 4140 ASTM A331 00 4140 UNS G41400
Charpy Impact J
50
Hardness Brinell HB
248
Limited Ruling Section Check test cert if critical for end use.
Page 16
302 100mm
Alloy Steels Size Range: Shape
Round
Metric
Imperial
Finish
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
12mm
150mm
1/2”
6”
Bright
20mm
100mm
1/2”
4”
Precision Ground
24mm
420mm 3/4”
2”
Cold Drawn
Hexagon
46mm
Hot Rolled
Additional sizes and finishes available on request.
Tolerances: Cold Drawn Peeled & Polished Turned & Polished Precision Ground Rough Machined
Bright
h10 K12 h10 h8 K12
Heat Treatment: Forging
980 - 1205ºC
Hold until temperature remains constant all over. Cool slowly in sand or ash.
Normalising
870 - 900ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over, soak for 10 - 15 minutes and cool in still air.
Annealing
815 - 870ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over then cool in a furnace.
Quenching
820 - 880ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over, soak for 10 - 15 minutes per 25mm of section and quench in oil or water.
Tempering
500 - 680ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over. Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section then cool in still air.
Stress relieving
500 - 550ºC 600 - 650ºC
For guidance only.
Hardened Annealed Cool in still air.
Nitriding
500 - 530ºC
Hold for sufficient time to develop the depth of case required. Parts should be pre-hardened and tempered as required and also pre-machined leaving a small grinding allowance only.
Flame and Induction
860 - 890ºC
Heat quickly to the required case depth and quench immediately in water or oil. Temper immediately at 150°C – 200°C for maximum hardness.
For guidance only.
Page 17
Alloy Steels HIGH TENSILE 4340 Product Shortname: HTI, HTM, HTGI, HTGM 4340 has a high hardenability enabling it to be used for high tensile applications in large sections. Stocked material is hardened and tempered in the range of 930 – 1080MPa (condition U) and is available in hot rolled condition. Where a higher strength is required or where greater surface hardness is required refer to the heat treatment procedure. Suitable for induction or flame hardening to produce a surface hardness of approximately 58 HRC.
Typical Applications: High strength machine parts, collets, spindles, bolts, studs, gears, pinions, axle shafts etc. Precision ground can be used where tight tolerances are required as well as high tensile strength.
Colour Code: Black Related Specifications Australia
AS 1444 – 2007 4340
Germany
W.Nr 1.6565 40NiCrMo6
Great Britain Japan
BS970 - 1955 EN24
Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
0.38
0.43
Manganese (Mn)
0.60
0.80
BS970 Part 3: 1991 817M40
Phosphorus (P)
0.03
JIS G 4053 – 2008 SNCM439
Sulphur (S)
0.04
JIS G 4103 – 1979 SNCM439, SNCM8
Silicon (Si)
0.15
0.35
SAE-AISI J404 - 2009 4340
Nickel (Ni)
1.65
2.00
Chromium (Cr)
0.70
0.90
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.20
0.30
ASTM A29/A29M - 16 4340 USA
Chemical Composition
ASTM A322 – 13 4340 ASTM A331 - 00 4340 UNS G43400
Typical Mechanical Properties: Min. %
Max. % 1080
Tensile Strength (MPa)
930
0.2% Proof Stress (MPa)
740
Elongation (%)
12
Izod Impact J
47
Charpy Impact J
42
Hardness Brinell HB
269
Limited Ruling Section Check test certificate if critical for end use.
Page 18
331 100mm
Alloy Steels Size Range: Shape Rounds
Metric Min. 20mm 25mm 25mm
Imperial Max. 100mm 150mm 380mm
Min. 3/4”
Max. 4”
Finish
Tolerance
Precision Ground Peeled & Polished Hot Rolled
h8 h10
Additional sizes, tolerances and finishes available on request.
Heat Treatment: Forging
1150ºC
Hold until temperature remains constant all over. Cool slowly in sand or ash.
Annealing
800 - 850ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over then cool in a furnace.
Quenching
830 - 880ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over and quench in oil.
Tempering
450 - 660ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over. Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section then cool in still air. Tempering within 250°C – 450°C range should be avoided as it will result in temper brittleness.
Stress relieving
600 - 650ºC
Hold until the temperature remains constant all over. Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section then cool in still air.
Nitriding
490 - 530ºC
Hold for sufficient time to develop the depth of case required. Parts should be pre-hardened and tempered and pre-machined leaving a grinding allowance only.
Flame and Induction
830 - 860ºC
Heat quickly to the required case depth and quench immediately in water or oil. Temper immediately at 150°C – 200°C to remove quenching stresses.
For guidance only.
Page 19
Case Hardening Steel CASE HARDENING - EN36A Product Shortname: CASE EN36A hardened steel is a high core strength case hardening (carburising) steel, combining good toughness and high case hardness following heat treatment. Ideal material for components in highly stressed applications. Supplied annealed to a maximum of 255 HB.
Size Range: 22mm - 410mm diameter Additional sizes and finishes available on request.
Colour Code: Yellow / Brown Related Specifications Australia
AS 1444 – 2007 X3312 / X3312H
Germany
W.Nr 1.5752 DIN 14NiCr14
Great Britain
Japan
USA
BS970 - 1955 EN36A
Chemical Composition Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
0.10
0.16
Manganese (Mn)
0.35
0.60
BS970 Part 3: 1991 655M13
Phosphorus (P)
0.04
JIS G 4052: 2008 SNC815H
Sulphur (S)
0.04
JIS G 4053: 2008 SNC815
Silicon (Si)
0.10
0.35
JIS G 4102: 1979 SNC815 / SNCM220
Nickel (Ni)
3.00
3.75
SAE-AISI 3310 / 9310
Chromium (Cr)
0.70
1.00
UNS G33106 / G93106
Copper (Cu)
0.35
Typical Mechanical Properties:
Page 20
Tensile Strength (MPa)
700 - 770
0.2% Proof Stress (MPa)
540
Elongation (%)
25
Hardness Brinell HB
255 max.
Case Hardening Steel Heat Treatment: Thermal Temperature
Remarks:
Process: Range:
Annealing 820-860ºC Carburising 880-930ºC
For 1 hour per 25mm of section, slow furnace cool at no more than 65OC/hour.
The following table indicates approximate case depths achievable: Time in hours at the stated carburising temperature to produce the given case-depth
Case Depth
880OC
900OC
925OC
(inches)
Solid
Gas
Solid
Salt
Gas
Solid
Gas
0.01
1.5
0.65
1.2
0.6
0.45
0.8
0.35
0.02
2.4
2.0
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.0
0.03
6.0
4.5
4.4
4.0
3.2
2.7
2.25
0.04
10.7
8.0
7.8
7.2
5.25
4.8
4.0
0.06
24.0
18.0
17.6
16.0
12.0
10.8
9.0
0.08
43.0
32.0
31.2
-
21.0
19.2
16.0
0.10
67.0
50.0
52.0
-
33.0
30.0
25.0
Post Carburising Treatments: Treatment ‘A’
(Direct oil quench)
Treatment ‘B’
(For maximum dimensional stability)
Oil quench direct from Air cool direct from carburising carburising temperature and temperature and temper at 200OC O temper at 200 C for 1 hour for 1 hour per 25mm of section. per 25mm of section.
Treatment ‘C’ (Single refine)
Air cool from carburising temperature. Reheat to 850-880OC and oil quench. Temper at 200OC for 1 hour per 25mm of section.
Note: For most applications treatment ‘C’ would be the recommended procedure. Typical Results:
Case hardness up to 64 HRC. Core strength up to 1300MPa tensile.
Page 21
Case Hardening Steel CASE HARDENING - 1.6587 Product Shortname: CASE Similar applications to EN36A and is especially suited to larger gears requiring deep case depths. Annealed condition.
Size Range: available on request Color Code: Black / White / Red Related Specifications Australia Europe Germany Great Britain USA
Chemical Composition
AS 1444-2007 X4317/X4317H
Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
0.15
0.20
Manganese (Mn)
0.40
0.60
DIN 17210 17CrNiMo6
Silicon (Si)
0.10
0.35
BS970 – Part 3: 1991 820M17/822M17
Nickel (Ni)
1.40
1.70
Chromium (Cr)
1.50
1.80
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.25
0.35
EN 10084 18CrNiM07-6 W.Nr 1.6587
BS970 – 1955 EN354/EN355 SAE-AISI SAE 4317
Typical Mechanical Properties:
Page 22
Tensile Strength (MPa)
700
0.2% Proof Stress (MPa)
520
Elongation (%)
23
Hardness Brinell HB
229 max.
Case Hardening Steel CASE HARDENING - EN39B Product Shortname: CASE A high core strength case hardening steel. Used for highly stressed gears, pins and axles. Supplied annealed to a maximum of 277 HB.
Size Range: 40mm - 410mm diameter Additional sizes and finishes available on request.
Colour Code: Orange / Brown Related Specifications Australia Germany Great Britain Japan USA
Chemical Composition
AS 1444 – 2007 X9315 DIN 15NiCrMo16-5 W.Nr 1.6723 BS970 - 1991 835M15
Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
0.12
0.18
Manganese (Mn)
0.25
0.50
Phosphorus (P)
0.04
JIS G 4053: 2008 SNCM815
Sulphur (S)
0.04
SAE-AISI 9315
Silicon (Si)
0.10
0.35
Nickel (Ni)
3.90
4.30
Chromium (Cr)
1.00
1.40
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.15
0.30
Typical Mechanical Properties: Tensile Strength (MPa)
1310 min.
0.2% Proof Stress (MPa)
1000
Elongation (%)
8 min.
Hardness Brinell HB
277 max.
Page 23
Phosphor Bronze PHOSPHORUS BRONZE LG2 Product Shortname: BZHB, BZR Characteristics: Phosphor bronze LG2 (leaded gunmetal) is the common general purpose bearing grade particularly for general resistance to pick up or sticking with ferrous material in slow or medium friction applications. Its excellent machineability, and freedom from gas and porosity enable complicated parts to be made. Excellent resistance to general corrosion.
Applications: Bushes and bearings in equipment, irrigation, bearing rings, hydraulic control equipment, hydraulic ram components, crank gears, valve seats, wear rings
Size Range: Rounds and hollows available on request Welding: Suitable for being joined by soldering and brazing. Oxyacetylene welding not recommended.
Related Specifications Australia
AS 1565-1996 C83600
Germany
DIN 1705 – RG5
USA
Typical Analysis % Copper (Cu)
85
Tin (Sn)
5
JIS H511-BC6
Zinc (Zn)
5
SAE 40
Lead (Pb)
5
Phosphorus (P)
0.05
Great Britain BS 1400 LG2 Japan
Chemical Composition
ASTM 83600
Typical Mechanical Properties: Maximum Operating Temperature
Page 24
230ºC
Maximum Unit Pressure Load
270MPa
Tensile Strength
270 - 340MPa
Proof Stress
0.2% 100 - 140MPa
Elongation
13 - 30%
Hardness Brinell
75 - 90 BHN
Coefficient of Friction
0.14 - 0.08
Thermal Coefficient of Expansion
19.6 x 10 -6 per ºC
Phosphor Bronze PHOSPHORUS BRONZE PB1 Product Shortname: BZHB, BZR Characteristics: BP1 has good machining properties, high strength and good corrosion resistance to seawater and brine, making it suitable for pump and valve components. PB1 is suitable for bearings having medium to highloads and speeds and good resistance to impact loading or pounding. PB1 bearings must have adequate lubrication and good alignment.
Applications: PB1 is suitable for heavy duty gears and wormwheels with high working loads, high speeds, adequate lubrication and alignment.
Related Specifications Australia
AS 1565-1996 90710
Germany
DIN 1705 – G-CuSn10
USA
Balance
Tin (Sn)
10.5 Nominal
Lead (Pb)
0.25 Max
H5113 - PBC2C
Zinc (Zn)
0.05 Max
ASTM B505, C90700
Nickel (Ni)
0.10 Max
Iron (Fe)
0.10 Max
Great Britain PBI Japan
Chemical Composition Copper (Cu)
Aluminium (Ai)
0.01 Max
Phosphorus (P)
0.7 Nominal
Typical Mechanical Properties: Yield Strength
170MPa
UTS
360MPa
Elongation
10%
Typical Hardness
100 - 150 BHN
Page 25
Aluminium Bronze ALUMINIUM BRONZE 954 Characteristics: Alloy 954 is very hard and abrasion resistant, having excellent
strength and wear resistance with reasonable machining properties. These physical properties remain good at elevated temperatures. General corrosion resistance is good but under some circumstances may suffer dealuminification.
Applications: Alloy 954 is suitable for high strength bearings and has good impact
resistance but poor anti seizure properties requiring reliable full film lubrication to prevent metal to metal contact and possible scoring.
Related Specifications
Chemical Composition
Australia
AS 1565-1996 C95400
Copper (Cu)
Germany
DIN 1714 G-CuAI11Fe4
Aluminium (Ai)
10.5 Nominal
Iron (Fe)
4.0 Nominal
Nickel (Ni)
1.5 Max
Manganese (Mn)
0.5 Max
USA
SAE J461 ASTM B505 - C95400
83.5 Nominal
Typical Mechanical Properties:
Page 26
Maximum Operating Temperature
260ยบC
Tensile Strength
515 - 580MPa
Yield Strength
205 - 221MPa
Elongation
12%
Hardness Brinell
170-180 BHN
Aluminium Bronze NICKEL ALUMINIUM BRONZE AB2 Product Shortname: BZHB, BZR Characteristics: AB2 is widely used for marine applications having superior corrosion
resistance to marine conditions, high strength, good wearing and erosion resistance. Corrosion resistance can be further enhanced by annealing of the components [675°C (1250°F) for 6 hours minimum followed by air cooling] before being put into service. AB2 is suitable for gears with heavy loads and slow speeds and having good lubrication and alignment.
Applications: Bushes and bearings in equipment, irrigation, bearing rings, hydraulic control equipment, hydraulic ram components, crank gears, valve seats and wear rings.
Related Specifications
Chemical Composition %
Australia
AS 1565-1996 C95810
Copper (Cu)
Germany
DIN 1714 – G-CuAI10Ni
Aluminium (Ai)
9.5 Nominal
Iron (Fe)
4.8 Nominal
Nickel (Ni)
5.0 Nominal
Manganese (Mn)
3.0 Max
Great Britain BS 1400 AB2 Japan USA
JIS 5121 - CAC703C B505, C95800
78 Nominal
Tin (Sn)
0.1 Max
Lead (Pb)
0.03 Max
Zinc (Zn)
0.50 Max
Typical Mechanical Properties: Yield Strength
260 - 280MPa
UTS
680 - 700MPa
Elongation
15%
Typical Hardness
160 - 170 BHN
Page 27
Cast Iron GREY CAST IRON Product Shortname: CI Characteristics: A continuously cast bar with a uniform partial pearlitic structure from
surface to core. Ideally suited to high speed machining and provides significantly longer tool life.
Typical Applications: Pistons, bearings, manifolds, brushings, gears, pulleys etc Size Range: 30mm - 250mm diameter Additional sizes and finishes available on request.
Colour Code: Gold Related Specifications Germany Japan
EN 1691 CG30 EN 1561 GJL-300 JIS FC300 ASTM A 48 40
USA
Chemical Composition
ASTM A159 G 3500 SAE J 431 G3500
Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
2.95
3.45
Silicon (Si)
2.10
2.90
Manganese (Mn)
0.55
0.75
Sulphur (S)
0.04
0.07
Phosphorus (P)
0.10
0.20
UNI 5007 G35 Typical Mechanical Properties:
Page 28
Tensile Strength (MPa)
190 - 250
Hardness Brinell (HB)
200 - 290
Cast Iron DUCTILE CAST IRON (SG IRON) Product Shortname: CI Characteristics: A higher strength cast bar due to the spheroidal or nodular nature of
the graphite (as opposed to the flake structure of Grey Iron). A ductile and easily machined material.
Size Range: 55mm - 420mm diameter Additional sizes and finishes available on request.
Colour Code: Gold / White
Related Specifications Germany Japan
JIS FC D45 ASTM A 536 65-45-12
USA
Chemical Composition
EN 1563 GJS-450-10
SAE J 434 D-4512 UNI 4544 GS 400-12
Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
3.50
3.90
Silicon (Si)
2.25
3.00
Manganese (Mn)
0.15
0.35
Sulphur (S)
0.025
Phosphorus (P)
0.05
Typical Mechanical Properties: Tensile Strength (MPa)
420 - 450
Yield (MPa)
260 - 290
Elongation (%)
10 - 12
Hardness Brinell HB
131 - 217
Page 29
Hydraulic Steels HARD CHROME BAR Standard hard chromium plated steel bars with a medium tensile base material supplied in 1045 grade and a 20-micron minimum chrome layer. Induction hardened (IH) material available in base material grades 38MnVS6 or 4140 Q+T.
Typical Applications: Primarily hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. Typical Chemical Composition
Diameter Tolerance: ISO f7 Straightness Tolerance:
1045
38MnVS6 IH
Carbon (C)
0.37
0.50
0.16
Roughness: Ra 0.07 - 0.20 µm Micro hardness of the chrome:
Manganese (Mn)
0.60
0.90
1.20
850-1000 HV 0.1 min
Sulphur (S)
Packaging: Supplied in individual
Silicon (Si)
0.2 mm/m
cardboard tubes.
4140 Q+T IH
Min. % Max. % Min. % Max. % Min. % Max. %
Phosphorus (P)
0.05
0.36
0.44
1.60
0.65
1.10
0.035
0.05 0.10
0.22
0.04
0.025
0.35
0.15
0.04
0.80
0.10
0.40
Chromium (Cr)
0.30
0.75
1.20
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.08
0.15
0.35
Nitrogen (N)
0.01
0.02
Vanadium (V)
0.08
0.20
Typical Mechanical Properties: Base Metal 1045
38MnVS6 IH
4140 Q+T IH
Tensile Strength (MPa)
560 - 850
800 - 950
950
Silicon (Si)
275 - 340
≤ 520
800
Manganese (Mn)
10 - 16
12
18
Size Range Grade
Metric Max.
Min.
Max.
1045
20mm
100mm
3/4”
6”
38MnVS6 / 4140 Q + T IH
25mm
100mm
1”
4”
Additional sizes and finishes available on request.
Page 30
Imperial
Min.
Hydraulic Steels HYDRAULIC CYLINDER TUBE Product Shortname: HCTI, HCTM Hydraulic Cylinder Tube with excellent machinability and weldability. Supplied cold drawn either seamless or welded (ERW DOM) and stress relieved with a minimum yield strength of 520 MPa. The honed inside diameter is protected with oil antioxidant and plastic caps on tube ends.
Typical Applications: Primarily hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. Related Specifications
Inside Honed Diameter:
Dividing the internal diameter size by wall thickness value: < 20mm h8 20 - 25mm h9 25 - 28mm h10 28mm h11
Europe Germany
Bore Roughness: Ra Max 0.3 Âľm Wall Thickness: Seamless Welded
Straightness: Seamless Welded
EN 10305-1 and 2 E355 EN 10025-1994 1.0570 S355 DIN 2391-2 1.058 ST 52 DIN 2393 & 2394 1.0570 ST 52-3 Chemical Composition Min. %
+/- 7.5% +/- 3%
1/1000mm of the tubes length 0.5/1000mm of the tubes length
Max. %
Carbon (C)
0.22
Silicon (Si)
0.50
Manganese (Mn)
1.50
Sulphur (S)
Skiving and Roller burnishing and honing are two different processes to the same end result (H8 tubes) and therefore should be interchangeable.
0.02
0.04
Phosphorus (P)
0.03
Typical Mechanical Properties Tensile Strength (MPa)
> 600
Yield (MPa)
> 520
Elongation (%)
> 10 - 14
Size Range Imperial Up to
Metric (mm)
1 - 1/2
1/2 WT
63
6 WT
8
1/2 WT
120
12.5 WT
Additional sizes available on request. WT = wall thickness.
Page 31
Hollow Bar CARBON HOLLOW BAR Product Shortname: HB Hot rolled seamless hollow bar for general mechanical engineering purposes. Features superior machinability at higher speeds with low tool wear making it ideal for all kinds of turned parts. Suitable for a wide range of heat treatments such as normalising or quenching and tempering. 20MnV6 is available in larger diameters with a heavy wall. Material has good machinability and weldability. Stocked in ISO sizes.
Typical Applications: bushes, hydraulic cylinders, rollers for conveyors, shafts, nuts, rings etc. Size Range: 30mm - 356mm OD x 15 - 236mm ID
Chemical Composition
Additional sizes and finishes available on request.
E470
Colour Code: Purple
20MnV6
Min. % Max. % Min. % Max. %
Specifications
Carbon (C)
0.16
0.22
0.16
Manganese (Mn)
1.30
1.70
1.30
Europe
10294-1 Grade E470
Phosphorus (P)
Germany
W.Nr 1.5217 20MnV6
Sulphur (S)
0.015
0.05
Silicon (Si)
0.10
0.50
Typical Mechanical Properties E470
20MnV6
Tensile Strength (MPa)
620 - 800
580 - 780
0.2% Proof Stress (MPa)
460 min.
400 min.
Long
17 min.
17 min.
Transv.
15 min.
Elongation (%) Brinell Hardness (HB)
255 max.
0.03
Nickel (Ni)
0.40
Chromium (Cr)
0.30
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.08
Copper (Cu)
0.30
Nitrogen (N)
0.02
Aluminium (Al)
0.01
Niobium (Nb)
0.07
Titanium (Ti) 180
Vanadium (V)
0.22 1.70 0.035
0.10
0.50
0.10
0.20
0.05 0.08
0.15
Nb + V + Ti 0.21% maximum.
EN 10294-1 Tolerances: Delivered OD (mm)
Tolerance
≤ 75
± 0.5mm
75 < OD ≤ 180
± 0.75%
OD > 180
± 1%
Delivered wall thickness (WT) OD ≤ 180 (mm)
Tolerance
Delivered WT - OD > 180 (mm)
Tolerance
≤ 15
± 12.5% or ± 0.4mm whichever is greater
≤ 30
± 12.5%
> 15
± 10%
> 30
± 10%
Size Range: Sizes listed are clean turned sizes as per EN 10294-1. Guaranteed CTS Based on OD Chucking Delivered Size
OD
ID
WT
OD
WT
weight per
G uaranteed CTS Based on ID Chucking
OD
ID
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) metre (kg/m) (mm) (mm) 30 15 7.5 31.8 9.8 5.317 29.5 14.2 35 20 7.5 36.5 9.7 6.411 34.2 19.2 40 20 10 41.3 12.3 8.796 38.8 19.0 25 7.5 9.6 7.505 39.0 24.2 50 30 10 51.3 12.3 11.829 48.8 29.0 35 7.5 6.9 7.555 49.3 39.4 55 30 12.5 57.1 15.5 15.901 54.2 28.6 35 10 57.1 12.7 13.905 54.5 34.0 40 7.5 57.1 10.0 11.615 54.8 39.2 65 35 15 66.5 17.8 21.377 63.4 33.6 45 10 12.4 16.543 63.9 44.0 70 40 15 71.3 17.8 22.484 68.2 38.4 45 12.5 15.1 20.927 68.5 43.6 75 50 12.5 76.3 15.1 22.789 73.5 48.6 55 10 12.3 19.412 73.8 54.0 60 7.5 9.6 15.790 74.0 59.2 80 40 20 81.5 22.3 32.555 77.8 40.1 55 12.5 14.5 23.957 78.5 54.9 85 45 20 86.5 22.3 35.305 82.8 41.5 55 15 17.2 29.394 83.3 45.8 90 65 12.5 91.5 14.5 27.533 38.5 64.9 70 10 11.9 23.359 88.8 70.0 95 50 22.5 96.3 24.9 43.965 92.5 50.0 70 12.5 14.5 29.321 93.5 69.9 100 45 27.5 101.6 30.2 53.174 97.0 44.9 65 17.5 19.7 39.787 98.0 65.2 105 60 22.5 106.6 24.9 50.167 102.5 60.1 70 17.5 19.7 42.216 103.0 70.2 80 12.5 14.5 32.932 103.5 80.0 115 65 25 116.6 27.6 60.575 112.2 65.0 80 17.5 19.9 47.454 113.0 79.8 120 90 15 121.7 17.3 44.539 118.3 90.0 125 90 17.5 126.7 19.7 51.981 123.0 90.3 100 12.5 14.6 40.360 123.5 100.1 130 75 27.5 131.7 30.3 75.766 126.9 75.1 95 17.5 19.9 54.864 128.0 94.9 100 15 17.3 54.805 128.3 100.0 140 85 27.5 141.8 30.3 83.313 136.9 85.1 105 17.5 19.8 59.569 138.0 105.4 150 85 32.5 151.8 35.6 102.012 146.4 85.1 100 25 27.7 84.770 147.2 100.2 120 15 17.3 57.380 148.2 120.1 160 95 32.5 161.9 35.6 110.878 156.4 95.1 115 22.5 25.1 84.675 157.5 115.3 180 105 37.5 181.9 40.9 152.212 174.9 105.1 150 15 17.4 70.584 178.2 150.2 190 160 15 192.4 17.7 76.253 188.2 160.7 200 125 37.5 202.5 41.2 163.880 195.8 125.7 150 25 28.1 120.850 197.2 150.9 220 155 32.5 222.7 39.1 177.028 214.4 148.8 230 180 25 234.9 32.0 160.112 227.6 174.9 250 170 40 252.9 47.6 240.984 243.2 162.4 190 30 36.5 194.779 244.8 184.2 Heat Treatment Normalising ยบC 900 to 960
Cooling in still air
Quenching & Tempering Hardening ยบC 900 to 960
Quenching in water
Tempering ยบC 580 to 700
Cooling in still air
Stress Relieving ยบC 530 to 580
Cooling in still air
The workplaces must be evenly heated to the specified temperature over their entire cross section. No further soaking is required in normalizing and hardening. For stress relieving and tempering a minimum soaking time of 30 minutes is required. However, a total of 150 minutes should generally not be exceeded in the case of multiple annealing. When soaking for more than 90 minutes the temperature should remain close to the lower limit of the range.
Tool Steels ALLOY COLD-WORK TOOL STEEL – 1.2379 (D2) Product Shortname: D2, D2F D2 is a high carbon, high chromium cold work steel which is extremely stable in heat treatment and develops high toughness and edge holding qualities in the hardened and tempered condition. D2 exhibits deep hardening characteristics making it suitable for either air or vacuum hardening on most sizes.
Typical Applications: Thread rolling dies, cold extrusion tools, blanking and stamping tools, drawing tools, circular shear blades, etc.
Delivery Condition: Annealed Size Range: Available on request Germany USA
Chemical Composition Min. %
Max. %
Related Specifications
Carbon (C)
1.45
1.60
W.Nr 1.2379
Silicon (Si)
0.10
0.60
AISI D2
Manganese (Mn)
0.20
0.60
Chromium (Cr)
11.00
13.00
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.70
1.00
Sulphur (S)
0.03
Phosphorus (P) Vanadium (V)
0.03 0.70
1.00
Heat Treatment Soft Annealing ºC
Cooling
830 - 860
furnace
max. 250
Hardening from ºC
in
Hardness after quenching HRC
1000 - 1050 Tempering
Hardness HB
oil, air or hot bath 500 - 550ºC ºC HRC
100 63
200 61
300 58
400 58
63 500 58
525 60
550 56
600 50
Special Heat Treatment Hardening from ºC
in
1050 - 1080 Tempering (three times)
Page 34
Hardness after quenching HRC
oil, air or hot bath 500 - 550ºC ºC HRC
100 61
200 60
300 58
400 59
61 500 62
525 62
550 57
600 50
Tool Steels ALLOY COLD-WORK TOOL STEEL - P20/P20 + Ni Product Shortname: MOLD, MLDF Plastic mould steel predominantly used in tooling applications in the plastic mould industry these steels are also suited for use in applications where a high tensile strength is the prime requirement. Supplied in the hardened and tempered condition with a tensile strength of 9501100MPa. Further heat-treatment can produce tensile strength of 1400MPa in sections up to 100mm and 1200MPa in sections as large as 200mm.
Typical Applications: Moulds for plastic processing, components for general engineering and tool manufacture. Delivery Condition: Hardened and Tempered (280 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 325 HBW) Colour Code: Red (1.2311 / P20) and Red / Yellow (1.2738 / P20 + Ni) Size Range: Available on request Related Specifications Germany Japan USA
Chemical Composition
W.Nr 1.2311 / 1.2738
Min. %
Max. %
DIN 40CrMnMo7 / 40CrMnNiMo8
Carbon (C)
0.35
0.45
JIS PDS5
Silicon (Si)
0.20
0.40
Manganese (Mn)
1.30
1.60
Nickel (Ni)
0.90
1.20
AISI P20 / P20 + Ni Properties
Metric
Chromium (Cr)
1.80
2.10
Hardness, Brinell (typical)
300
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.15
0.25
Hardness, Rockwell C (typical)
30
Sulphur (S)
0.03
Tensile strength, ultimate
965 - 1030Mpa
Phosphorus (P)
0.03
Tensile strength, yield
827-862Mpa
Elongation at break [in 50mm (2â&#x20AC;?)]
20.00%
Page 35
Tool Steels ALLOY COLD-WORK TOOL STEEL - 1.2767 Product Shortname: MLDH, MHTH DIN 2767 is supplied in the annealed condition and is capable of being hardened to a tensile strength in excess of 1500MPa. The chemical make-up of this steel enables it to be air hardened or vacuum hardened with minimum distortion. DIN 2767 also displays excellent polish-ability, high toughness and can be successfully carburised. Ideal for applications where ultra-high tensile strengths are required.
Typical Applications: Gears requiring shock resistance, heavy duty shafts, axles etc. Delivery Condition: Annealed Colour Code: Grey / Purple. Size Range: Available on request Related Specifications Germany USA
AISI 6F7 Hardening
840 - 870ยบC
Oil, salt bath (300 - 400ยบC), air
Holding time after temperature equalization
15 - 30 minutes
Obtainable hardness
54 - 58 HRC in oil or salt bath
Page 36
Typical Chemical Composition
W.Nr 1.2767
Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
0.40
0.50
Silicon (Si)
0.10
0.40
Manganese (Mn)
0.20
0.50
Nickel (Ni)
3.80
4.30
Chromium (Cr)
1.20
1.50
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.15
0.35
Sulphur (S)
0.03
Phosphorus (P)
0.03
Tool Steels ALLOY COLD-WORK TOOL STEEL – 1.2363 (A2) Product Shortname: A2, A2F 2363 fills the gap between 2510 (O1) and 2379 (D2) providing an ideal combination of wear resistance, toughness, stability in hardening and machinability for all press tooling applications. It is ideal for applications requiring an improvement over oil hardening tool steels, especially in wear resistance, stability and risk of cracking in hardening without the extra costs associated with high carbon chrome steels. 2363 exhibits deep hardening characteristics making it suitable for either air or vacuum hardening in most sizes. Low change in size upon heat treatment. High wear-resistance and toughness.
Typical Applications: Blanking dies, rolls, shear blades, cold pilger mandrels, cold coining dies. Moulds for the processing of plastics.
Delivery Condition: Annealed Colour Code: Light Blue Size Range: Available on request Related Specifications Germany USA
Typical Chemical Composition
W.Nr 1.2363 AISI A2
Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
0.95
1.05
Silicon (Si)
0.10
0.40
Manganese (Mn)
0.40
0.80
Chromium (Cr)
4.80
5.50
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.90
1.20
Sulphur (S)
0.03
Phosphorus (P)
0.03
Vanadium (V)
0.15
0.35
Heat Treatment Soft Annealing ºC
Cooling
Hardness HB
830 - 840
furnace
max. 231
Hardening from ºC
in
Hardness after quenching HRC
930 - 970
oil, air or hot bath 500 - 550ºC
63
Tempering
ºC HRC
100 61
100 62
200 60
400 57
500 59
600 52
Page 37
Tool Steels HOT-WORK TOOL STEEL – 1.2344 (H13) Product Shortname: HOT, HOTF H13 is the most widely used of all the hot die steels. This grade offers a good resistance to softening (up to 60OºC), combined with good stability in hardening and high toughness, making it suitable not only for hot die applications but also plastic moulds. High hot tensile strength, hot wear-resistance and toughness. Good thermal conductivity and insensitiveness to hot cracking. Suitable for limited water-cooling. The Extra Fine Structure (EFS) grade of material offers a more uniform, finer structure with an improved degree of cleanliness, and improved concentration of alloying elements.
Typical Applications: Plastic moulds, extrusion and die casting tooling, hot shear blades, parts requiring high
tensile strength and high nitrided hardness. Pressure casting and metal extrusion tools for the processing of light metals, forging dies, moulds, worms, and cylinders for the processing of plastics, nitrided ejectors, hot shear blades.
Delivery Condition: Annealed Colour Code: Orange / Green Size Range: Available on request Related Specifications Germany USA
Chemical Composition
W.Nr 1.2344
Min. %
Max. %
X40CrMoV5-1
Carbon (C)
0.35
0.42
AISI H13
Silicon (Si)
0.80
1.20
Manganese (Mn)
0.25
0.50
Chromium (Cr)
4.80
5.50
Molybdenum (Mo)
1.20
1.50
Hot Forming
Sulphur (S)
0.02 0.03
Hot Forming ºC
Cooling
Phosphorus (P)
1050 - 850
slow, e.g. in air
Vanadium (V)
0.85
1.15
Properties
Metric
Imperial
Tensile strength, ultimate (@20°C/68°F, varies with heat treatment
H1200 - 1590Mpa
174000 - 231000 psl
Tensile strength, yield (@20°/68°F, varies with heat treatment
1000 - 1380Mpa
145000 - 200000
Page 38
Gauge Plate & Key Steel GAUGE PLATE Product Shortname: GPI, GPM Delivery Condition: Annealed Hardness: 229 Brinell Hardness (HB) max. Size Range: Available on request
USA Germany Europe Great Britain Japan
Related Specifications AISI O1 DIN W.Nr 1.2510 100MnCrW4 BS4659 BO1 JIS SKS3
Chemical Composition Min. % Carbon (C) 0.90 Manganese (Mn) 1.00 Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr) 0.50 Tungsten (W) 0.50 Vanadium (V) 0.50
Max. % 1.00 1.20 0.40 0.70 0.70 0.25
KEY STEEL Product Shortname: KEYI, KEYM Size Range: Available on request
Great Britain
Related Specifications BS46 Part 1 1958 - Imperial BS4235 Part 1 1972 - Metric
Chemical Composition Min. % Carbon (C) 0.42 Manganese (Mn) 0.50 Silicon (Si)
Max. % 0.50 0.80 0.20
Page 39
Silver Steel SILVER STEEL Product Shortname: SSRI, SSRM Centerless ground to extremely tight tolerances and when required can be hardened extending its use in many applications.
Typical Applications: screwdrivers, punches, shafts, axles, pinions, pins, die posts, instrument parts, model parts, taps and drills for mild steel, engraversâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; tools, and fine cutters.
Size Range: Available on request Packaging: Supplied in individual cardboard tubes. Related Specifications Great Britain
Chemical Composition
BS1407
Min. %
Max. %
Carbon (C)
0.95
1.25
Manganese (Mn)
0.25
0.45
Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr)
Page 40
0.40 0.35
0.45
Sulphur (S)
0.45
Phosphorus (P)
0.45
Appendix SIZE TOLERANCES (TO ASTM A29) Size Tolerances: for Cold-Finished Alloy Steel Bars, Cold Drawn or Turned and Polished Tolerances from Specified Size, Under Only, mm Size - Metric (mm)
Maximum of Carbon Range 0.28 or Less BCQ
Maximum of Carbon Range Over 0.28 to 0.55 incl. 4140
Maximum of Carbon Range to 0.55% incl. Stress Relief or Annealed After Cold Finishing
Maximum of Carbon Range Over 0.55% or All Grades Quenched and Tempered or Normalized Before Cold Finishing
Rounds - Cold Drawn (to 100mm in size) or Turned and Polished To 25, incl, in coils
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.13
Cut Lengths
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.15
To 40, incl
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.18
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
Over 60 to 100, incl
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
Over 100 to 150, incl
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
Over 150 to 200, incl
0.20
0.23
0.25
0.28
Over 200 to 230, incl
Hexagons - Cold Drawn Up to 20, incl
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.18
Over 20 to 40, incl
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.20
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.23
Over 60 to 80, incl
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.25
Over 80 to 100, incl
0.15
...
...
...
Page 41
Appendix SIZE TOLERANCES (TO ASTM A29) Size Tolerances: for Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars, Cold Drawn or Turned and Polished Tolerances from Specified Size, Under Only, mm Size - Metric (mm)
Maximum of Carbon Range 0.28 or Less BCQ/BFC
Maximum of Carbon Range Over 0.28 to 0.55 incl. 1040
Maximum of Carbon Range to 0.55% incl. Stress Relief or Annealed After Cold Finishing
Maximum of Carbon Range Over 0.55% or All Grades Quenched and Tempered or Normalized Before Cold Finishing
Rounds - Cold Drawn (to 100mm in size) or Turned and Polished To 40, incl
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.13
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.15
Over 60 to 100, incl
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.18
Over 100 to 150, incl
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
Over 150 to 200, incl
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
Over 200 to 230, incl
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
Hexagons - Cold Drawn Up to 20, incl
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.15
Over 20 to 40, incl
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.18
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.20
Over 60 to 80, incl
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.23
Over 80 to 100, incl
0.13
0.15
...
Page 42
Appendix SIZE TOLERANCES (TO ASTM A29) Size Tolerances: for Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars, Cold Drawn or Turned and Polished Tolerances from Specified Size, Under Only, mm Size - Metric (mm)
Maximum of Carbon Range 0.28 or Less BCQ/BFC
Maximum of Carbon Range Over 0.28 to 0.55 incl. 1040
Maximum of Carbon Range to 0.55% incl. Stress Relief or Annealed After Cold Finishing
Maximum of Carbon Range Over 0.55% or All Grades Quenched and Tempered or Normalized Before Cold Finishing
Squares - Cold Drawn Up to 20, incl
0.05
0.10
0.13
0.18
Over 20 to 40, incl
0.08
0.13
0.15
0.20
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.10
0.15
0.18
0.23
Over 60 to 100, incl
0.15
0.20
0.23
0.28
Over 100 to 130, incl
0.25
...
...
...
Over 130 to 150, incl
0.36
...
...
...
Flats - Cold Drawn To 20, incl
0.08
0.10
0.15
0.20
Over 20 to 40, incl
0.10
0.13
0.20
0.25
Over 40 to 80, incl
0.13
0.15
0.25
0.30
Over 80 to 100, incl
0.15
0.20
0.28
0.40
Over 100 to 150, incl
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.50
Over 150
0.33
0.38
...
...
Page 43
Appendix STRAIGHTNESS TOLERANCES (TO ASTM A29) Straightness Tolerance for Cold-Finished Bars, A,B NOTE: All grades quenched and tempered or normalised and tempered to Brinell 302 maximum before cold finishing and
all grades stress relieved or annealed after cold finishing. Straightness tolerances are not applicable to bars having Brinell hardness exceeding 302.
Straightness Tolerances, mm (Maximum Deviation) from Straightness in any 3000mm Portion of the Bar Size - Metric (mm)
Length (mm)
Maximum of Carbon Range, 0.28% or less
Maximum of Carbon Range over 0.28% and all Grades Thermally Treated
Rounds
Squares, Hexagon & Octagons
Rounds
Squares, Hexagon & Octagons
Less than 4500
3
5
5
6
Less than 16
4500 and over
3
8
8
10
16 and over
Less than 4500
2
3
3
5
16 and over
4500 and over
3
5
5
5
Less than 16
A) The tolerances above are based on the following method of measuring straightness; departure from straightness is measured by placing the bar on a level table so that the arc or departure from straightness is horizontal and the depth of the arc is measured with a feeler gauge and a straightedge. B) It should be recognised that straightness is a perishable quality and may be altered by mishandling. The preservation of straightness in cold-finished bars required the utmost care in subsequent handling. Specific straightness tolerances are sometimes required for carbon and alloy steels in which case the purchaser should inform the manufacturer of the straightness tolerances and the methods to be used in checking the straightness. C) For centreless ground bars, the maximum deviation straightness shall be less than 0.30mm over 1 metre.
Straightness Tolerances for Hot-Wrought Bars and Bar Size Sections* Straightness Tolerances for Hot-Wrought Bars and Bar Size Sections* Standard Tolerances
6mm in any 1500mm or (length in mm/250)**
Special Tolerances
3mm in any 1500mm or (length in mm/500)**
* Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bards if any subsequent heating operation or controlled cooling has been **
performed. Round to the nearest whole millimtre.
Page 44
Appendix ISO TOLERANCES Limits, µm (microns)
(mm/1000)
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
0
-6
0
-10
0
-14
0
-25
0
-40
0
-60
0
-100
(3)
6
0
-8
0
-12
0
-18
0
-30
0
-48
0
-75
0
-120
(6)
10
0
-9
0
-15
0
-22
0
-36
0
-58
0
-90
0
-150
(10 )
18
0
-11
0
-18
0
-27
0
-43
0
-70
0
-110
0
-180
(18 )
30
0
-13
0
-21
0
-33
0
-52
0
-84
0
-130
0
-210
(30 )
50
0
-16
0
-25
0
-39
0
-62
0
-100
0
-160
0
-250
(50 )
80
0
-19
0
-30
0
-46
0
-74
0
-120
0
-190
0
-300
(80 )
120
0
-22
0
-35
0
-54
0
-87
0
-140
0
-220
0
-350
(120 )
180
0
-25
0
-40
0
-63
0
-100
0
-160
0
-250
0
-400
(180 )
250
0
-29
0
-46
0
-72
0
-115
0
-185
0
-290
0
-460
(250 )
315
0
-32
0
-52
0
-81
0
-130
0
-210
0
-320
0
-520
Limits, microinches
Upper
-.35
0
-.59
0
-.87
0
-1.42
0
-2.28
0
-3.54
0
-5.91
0
-.43
0
-.71
0
-1.06
0
-1.69
0
-2.76
0
-4.33
0
-7.09
(0.7)
1.2
0
-.51
0
-.83
0
-1.30
0
-2.05
0
-3.31
0
-5.12
0
-8.27
(1.2)
2.0
0
-.63
0
-.98
0
-1.54
0
-2.44
0
-3.94
0
-6.30
0
-9.89
(2.0)
3.2
0
-.75
0
-1.18
0
-1.81
0
-2.91
0
-4.72
0
-7.48
0
-11.81
(3.2)
4.7
0
-.87
0
-1.38
0
-2.13
0
-3.43
0
-5.21
0
-8.66
0
-13.78
(4.7)
7.1
0
-.98
0
-1.58
0
-2.48
0
-3.94
0
-6.30
0
-9.84
0
-15.75
(7.1)
9.8
0
-1.14
0
-1.81
0
-2.84
0
-4.53
0
-7.28
0
-11.42
0
-18.11
(9.8)
12.4
0
-1.26
0
-2.05
0
-3.19
0
-5.12
0
-8.27
0
-12.60
0
-20.47
Lower
Lower
0
0.7
Upper
Upper
0.4
(0.4)
Lower
Lower
(0.2)
Lower
Upper
h12
Upper
h11
Lower
h10
Upper
h9
Lower
h8
Upper
h7
Up to & ncl.
h6
(inches/1000)
Above
Basic Size Imperial (“)
Upper
3
Above
Upper
h12
Lower
h11
Upper
h10
Lower
h9
Upper
h8
Lower
h7
Upper
h6
Lower
Up to & ncl.
Basic Size Metric (mm)
Appendix MACHINING ALLOWANCES In order to eliminate safely the scale originated during forging, rolling and annealing, the decarburisation and sometimes fine cracks, sufficient machining allowances must be adhered to when manufacturing. Basic sizes and pertinent largest finished sizes for rolled or forged round, square, hexagonal and octagonal bars.
Basic size Largest thickness finished size DR* thickness DF*
Basic size Largest thickness finished size DR* thickness DF*
Basic size Largest thickness finished size DR* thickness DF*
10
8.0
45
41.5
120
113
240
228
12
10.0
50
46.0
130
123
250
237
14
12.0
55
51.0
140
132
260
247
15
12.5
60
55.5
150
142
300
285
16
13.5
65
60.5
160
151
350
333
18
15.5
70
65.0
170
161
400
380
20
17.5
75
70.0
180
170
450
428
22
19.5
80
75.0
190
180
500
476
25
22.5
85
80.0
200
189
600
571
30
27.0
90
84.0
210
199
35
32.0
100
94
220
209
40
36.5
110
103
230
218
30
Premachined steels offer the user smooth surface of the bars with machining allowances already strongly narrowed down. The advantages of a premachined surface can be seen from the diagram. Dependent on the size, 7 to 10% of the weight can be saved.
25
Order Size Above Up To
Permissible dimensional deviation
Material layer to be removed min.
0 — 25
+0.4
0.25
25 — 63
+0.6
0.4
63 — 100
+0.6
0.5
100 — 160
+1.0
0.75
160 — 250
+1.0
1.0
250 — 315
+1.0
1.25
+1.6
1.5
Page 46 315 +
Diameter allowance in mm
Premachined Steels
*As thickness and diameter is valid in case of round bars, whereas for square hexagonal and octagonal bars it is the distance of the parallel side faces.
Diagram acc. to DIN 17350 part 10 (draft 6/83)
20 15 10 5 4 3 2 1
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
saving of weight in % when using tool steels with pre-machined compared to non-machined surface
Basic size Largest thickness finished size DR* thickness DF*
0 100 200 300 400 500 Finished size (diameter in mm)
Appendix USEFUL TABLES WEIGHTS - KG/METRE ROUND BARS: Metric Size mm
Imperial Equivalent Size inch
kg/m
Metric Size mm
Imperial Equivalent Size inch
kg/m
Metric Size mm
Imperial Equivalent Size inch
kg/m
3 3.175 4 4.762 5 6 6.350 7.937 8 9.525 10 11.112 12 12.700 13 14 14.287 15.875 16 17 17.462 19 19.050 20 20.637 22 22.225
0.1181 1/8 0.1575 3/16 0.1969 0.2362 1/4 5/16 0.3150 3/8 0.3937 7/16 0.4724 1/2 0.5118 0.5512 9/16 5/8 0.6299 0.6693 11/16 0.7480 3/4 0.7874 13/16 0.8661 7/8
0.056 0.062 0.099 0.140 0.154 0.222 0.247 0.388 0.395 0.559 0.617 0.761 0.888 0.994 1.042 1.208 1.259 1.554 1.578 1.782 1.880 2.226 2.237 2.466 2.626 2.984 3.045
23.812 24 25 25.400 28 28.575 30 31.750 32 33 34.925 35 38.100 40 41.275 44.450 45 47.625 50 50.800 53.975 55 57.150 60 60.325 63.500 65
15/16 0.9449 0.9843 1 1.1024 11/8 1.1811 11/4 1.2598 1.2992 13/8 1.3780 11/2 1.5748 15/8 13/4 1.7717 17/8 1.9685 2 21/8 2.1654 21/4 2.3622 23/8 21/2 2.559
3.496 3.551 3.853 3.978 4.834 5.034 5.549 6.215 6.313 6.714 7.520 7.553 8.950 9.865 10.504 12.181 12.485 13.984 15.413 15.911 17.962 18.650 20.137 22.195 22.436 24.861 26.049
69.850 70 75 76.200 80 82.55 88.90 90 100 101.60 105 110 114.30 120 127.0 130 140 150 152.40 160 180 200 210 220 230 250
23/4 2.756 2.953 3 3.149 31/4 31/2 3.543 3.937 4 4.134 4.331 41/2 4.724 5 5.118 5.512 5.905 6 6.299 7.086 7.874 8.267 8.661 9.055 9.842
30.081 30.120 34.680 35.799 39.458 42.013 48.726 49.939 61.654 63.642 67.973 74.601 80.547 88.781 99.441 104.19 120.84 138.72 143.19 157.83 199.75 246.61 271.89 298.40 326.14 385.33
0.274 0.428 0.616 0.840 1.096 1.388 1.712
19.05 20.64 20.83 22.22 23.37 25.40 26.99
3/4
2.466 2.894 2.948 3.358 3.711 4.386 4.946
28.57 31.75 34.92 38.10 47.24 52.07
11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2 1.860 2.050
5.550 6.853 8.292 9.868 15.166 18.379
HEXAGON BARS: 6.35 7.94 9.52 11.11 12.70 14.29 15.87
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8
13/16
0.820 7/8 0.920 1 11/16
Page 47
Appendix APPROX. COMPARISON OF TENSILE STRENGTH* tons/in2
p.s.i
kg/mm2
N/mm2 or MPa
16 20 23 26 29 30 32 33 35 36 39 40 42 45 46 49 50 52 55 58 60 62 65 68 70 71 75 78
37,000 45,000 51,500 58,000 65,000 67,000 72,000 74,000 78,500 81,000 87,500 90,000 94,000 101,000 103,000 110,333 112,000 116,500 123,000 130,000 134,500 139,000 146,000 153,000 157,000 159,000 168,000 175,000
25.8 31.6 36.5 40.8 45.7 47.1 50.6 52.0 55.5 57.0 61.8 63.3 66.0 71.0 72.5 77.3 78.75 82.0 86.5 91.4 94.5 97.7 102.6 107.5 110.4 111.8 118.0 123.0
250 309 355 402 448 463 494 510 541 556 602 618 649 695 710 757 772 803 849 896 927 957.5 1004 1050 1081 1097 1158 1205
*A Guide Only
Page 48
tons/in2
p.s.i
kg/mm2
N/mm2 or MPa
80 81 84 85 88 90 91 94 95 97 100 104 105 107 110 113 115 117 120 123 125 126 130 133 135 136 140
180,000 182,000 188,000 190,000 197,000 202,000 204,000 210,000 213,000 217,000 224,000 233,000 235,000 240,000 246,500 253,000 257,600 262,000 269,000 275,500 280,000 282,500 291,000 298,000 302,400 304,500 313,600
126.0 128.0 132.2 133.6 138.5 142.0 143.4 148.4 149.7 152.6 157.5 163.8 165.4 168.5 173.2 178.0 181.1 184.3 189.0 194.0 197.0 198.0 205.0 209.0 213.0 214.0 221.0
1236 1251 1297 1313 1359 1390 1405 1452 1467 1498 1544 1606 1622 1653 1699 1745 1776 1807 1853 1900 1931 1946 2000 2054 2085 2010 2162
Appendix
2392 2261 2158 2058 1962 1893 1817 1738 1665 1586 1513 1461 1391 1330 1271 1220 1175 1133 1097 1062 1029 1001 975 949 923 896 873
*A Guide Only
Tensile Strength in MPa
Tensile Strength in MPa
68.0 65.3 63.3 61.7 60.0 58.7 57.3 56.0 54.7 53.5 52.1 51.0 49.6 48.5 47.1 45.7 44.5 43.1 41.8 40.4 39.1 37.9 36.6 35.5 34.3 33.1 32.1 30.9 29.9 28.8 27.6 26.6
Rockwell Hardness No. C-Scale 150kg Load Brale Penetrator
Rockwell Hardness No. C-Scale 150kg Load Brale Penetrator
(110.0) (109.0) (108.5) (108.0) (107.5) (107.0) (106.0) (105.5) (104.5) (104.0) (103.0)
B-Scale 100kg Load 1/16” dia. Ball
B-Scale 100kg Load 1/16” dia. Ball
940 840 780 737 697 667 640 615 591 569 547 528 508 491 472 455 440 424 410 396 383 372 360 349 339 328 319 309 301 292 284 276
Diamond Pyramid Hardness No.
Diamond Pyramid Hardness No.
682 653 627 601 578 555 534 514 495 477 461 444 429 415 401 388 375 363 352 341 331 321 311 302 293 285 277 269 262
Brinell Hardness No. 10mm ball 3000kg Load
Brinell Hardness No. 10mm ball 3000kg Load
APPROX. EQUIVALENT HARDNESS NUMBERS AND TENSILE STRENGTH FOR BRINELL HARDNESS FOR STEEL*
255 248 241 235 229 223 217 212 207 201 197 192 187 183 179 174 170 167 163 159 156 152 149 146 143 140 137 134 131 128 126
269 261 253 247 241 234 228 222 218 212 207 202 196 192 188 182 178 175 171 167 163 159 156 153 150 146 143 140 137 134 132
(102.0) (101.0) 100.0 99.0 98.2 97.3 96.4 95.5 94.6 93.8 92.9 91.8 90.7 90.0 89.0 87.8 86.8 86.0 85.0 83.8 82.9 81.7 80.8 79.8 78.7 77.6 76.4 75.2 74.0 72.7 72.0
25.4 24.2 22.8 21.7 20.5 (18.8) (17.5) (16.0) (15.2) (13.8) (12.7) (11.5) (10.0) (9.0) (8.0) (6.4) (5.4) (4.4) (3.3) (2.1) (0.9) -
849 826 803 783 764 742 722 706 691 672 658 642 625 612 599 583 570 560 546 535 526 514 504 495 485 475 464 455 446 437 431
Appendix Conversion Factors: To calculate the weight of steel bars: ROUND
- dia. mm2 x 0.006165
= Weight in kilograms per metre
ROUND
- dia. mm x 0.004143
= Weight in lbs per foot
HEXAGON
- Size mm2 x 0.006798
= Weight in kilograms per metre
HEXAGON
- Size mm x 0.00457
= Weight in lbs per foot
SQUARE
- Size mm2 x 0.00785
= Weight in kilograms per metre
SQUARE
- Size mm2 x 0.00527
= Weight in lbs per foot
FLAT
- Width in mm x Thickness in mm x 0.00785
= Weight in kilograms per metre
FLAT
- Width in mm x Thickness in mm x 0.00527
= Weight in lbs. per foot
TOOL STEEL
- Width in mm x Thickness in mm x 0.00785
= Weight in kilograms per metre
TOOLING PLATE (Aluminium)
- Width in mm x Thickness in mm x 0.0027
= Weight in kilograms per metre
2
2
General: lbs. per foot x 1.4880
= kilograms per metre
kilograms per metre x 0.6720
= lbs. per foot
Feet x 0.3048
= metres
Metres x 3.2809
= feet
U.K. tons per sq. inch (tons f/in.2) x 15.4443
= Mega Pascals (MPa)
Mega Pascals (MPa) x 0.064749
= u.k. tons f per square inch
Newton per sq. millimeter (N/mm2) x 0.064749
= U.K. tons f per square inch.
Mega Pascals (MPa) x 145.0377
= pounds per square inch (psi)
Units of Stress:
This book has used the megapascal (MPa) as the standard unit of stress. The same values may be seen in other publications as Newtons per square millimetre (N/mm2). To obtain other units of stress the following conversion factors may be used to get approximate values.
From
To
Multiply by
From
To
Multiply by
MPa
kg/mm2
0.102
kg/mm2
MPa
9.8
MPa
psi
145
psi
MPa
0.0069
MPa
Tons/in2
0.065
Tons/in2
MPa
15.4
Page 50
Notes
Page 51
NORTH ISLAND WHANGAREI
TAURANGA
HAWKES BAY
33 Rewarewa Road PO Box 292, Whangarei 0140 Ph: 09 470 2510 Fax: 09 438 4589
99 Aviation Avenue Mt Maunganui PO Box 450, Tauranga 3140 Ph: 07 572 9700 Fax: 07 572 9707
1100 Omahu Road RD 5, Hastings 4175 Ph: 06 873 9036 Fax: 06 879 6880
AUCKLAND
PALMERSTON NORTH
575 Great South Road Private Bag 92803 Penrose, Auckland 1642 Ph: 09 525 9400 Fax: 09 525 9401
ROTORUA Tallyho Street PO Box 331, Rotorua 3040 Ph: 07 348 3039 Fax: 07 347 7353
118-120 Kaimanawa Street Kelvin Grove Palmerston North 4414 Ph: 06 354 2622 Fax: 06 354 2623
HAMILTON
NEW PLYMOUTH
WELLINGTON
31 Gallagher Drive, Melville PO Box 828, Hamilton 3240 Ph: 07 846 2700 Fax: 07 846 2708
50 Corbett Road Bell Block New Plymouth 4342 Ph: 06 755 9039 Fax: 06 755 2099
106 Hutt Park Road Seaview Po Box 38806, Te Puni Mail Centre Wellington 5010 PH 04 5708472 Fax 04 570 8473
SOUTH ISLAND NELSON
DUNEDIN
40-42 Beach Road, Richmond, Nelson 7050 Ph: 03 543 8215 Fax: 0800 432 793
14 Neville Street, South Dunedin Ph: 0800 327 978 Fax: 0800 432 793
CHRISTCHURCH
INVERCARGILL
5 Brydone Road Hornby South, Christchurch 8042 Ph: 03 348 8479 Fax: 03 343 0320
54 Tweed Street PO Box 957, Invercargill 9840 Ph: 03 211 0696 Fax: 03 218 2318
easysteel.co.nz As part of Fletcher Easysteelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s policy of continued product improvement, the company reserves the right, at any time, at their discretion and without notice to discontinue or change the features, designs, materials, colours and other specifications of their product and to either permanently or temporarily withdraw any such products from the market without incurring any liability. This publication is issued as a general guide only and should not be treated as a substitute for detailed technical advice in relation to individual circumstances. Fletcher Easysteel disclaim any liability for loss or damage suffered from the use of such data. To the best of our knowledge, all information is correct at the time 52 A division of Fletcher Building Ltd. Copyright January 2020. V08.00.1119 of Page printing.
Placeholder, not for Printing Logo use must be approved by Blue Star Group NZ Ltd Min Size 12mm Height
Cxxxxxx