Editors Arch G. Mainous III Department of Family Medicine Medical University of South Carolina 295 Calhoun St. Charleston, SC 29425 USA mainouag@musc.edu Claire Pomeroy Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA 95616 USA claire.pomeroy@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu ISBN 978-1-60327-238-4 e-ISBN 978-1-60327-239-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-239-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009941650 Š Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2001, 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents Antibiotic Resistance and Implications for the Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Meredith Deutscher and Cindy Friedman Part I Significant Pathogens Antimicrobial Resistance Among Epidemiologically Important Gram-Positive Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Cassandra D. Salgado Gram-Negative Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Craig A. Martin Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Vidya Sundareshan and Martin E. Evans Community-Acquired Viral Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Chris Parsons Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Christian Sandrock Invasive Fungal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Javeed Siddiqui Part II Evidence-Based Management of Infectious Diseases Upper Respiratory Infections and Acute Bronchitis . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Arch G. Mainous III and William J. Hueston Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Hien H. Nguyen
Urinary Tract Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Dimitri M. Drekonja and James R. Johnson Xi xii Contents
Sexually Transmitted Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Alice C. Thornton, Bojana Stevich, Janet N. Arno, and Barbara Van Der Pol Gastrointestinal Tract Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Robert E. Post and Barry L. Hainer Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Eric Matheson Infections of the Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Nicoline Schiess and Avindra Nath Uncomplicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Ivar L. Frithsen and Cassandra D. Salgado Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Camelia E. Marculescu Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Frank Romanelli Part III Special Considerations Strategies for Optimal Antimicrobial Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Arch G. Mainous III and Paul Little Infections in the Immunocompromised Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Cristina Baker and Vicki A. Morrison Future Trends in Antimicrobial Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Arch G. Mainous III Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387