Jamile Maeda e Silva
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INGLÊS Por falar nisso A indústria de entretenimento é uma das mais bem-sucedidas do mundo e atua em várias frentes: filmes, seriados, esportes, comédias, dramas, terrores. Movimenta milhões de dólares, porque se foca no lazer e no prazer humano e entende bem deles. São tantas as possibilidades que é extremamente di�cil encontrar uma pessoa que não consuma algum de seus produtos audiovisuais, seja de grandes empresas como a HBO, seja de pequenos vloggers no YouTube. Você está inserido nela e consome diversos produtos cujo idioma original é o inglês.
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Nas próximas aulas, estudaremos os seguintes temas Futuro contínuo e futuro perfeito ................................................ 734 Discursos direto e indireto............................................................ 742 Homófonos e homógrafos ............................................................ 753 Pronomes de distribuição e reciprocidade................................... 761
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MÓDULO A09
ASSUNTOS ABORDADOS
FUTURO CONTÍNUO E FUTURO PERFEITO
n Futuro contínuo e futuro perfeito
Leia o texto a seguir, que fala sobre um recente gênero de produção audiovisual, e responda às questões que o seguem.
n Introdução n Futuro contínuo n Futuro perfeito e futuro perfeito contínuo
Mockumentary hasn’t killed comedy – it perfectly skewers how we live now Lazy, stifling, awkward … all allegations made against TV’s new favourite form. But mockumentary’s jumpy camerawork and paparazzi voyeurism are just right for our social media age.
Figura 01 - Slaves to the form … David Brent and Gareth Keenan in The Office. Photograph: Jack Barnes/BBC.
Mockumentary is an ugly word, a lazy shorthand for a comedy in the style of a documentary. And yes, they can be ugly and lazy, at least when they are made badly. That may be why, every now and again, critics pop up to express the hope that they will go out of fashion and we will concentrate on more traditional forms of storytelling instead. Recently, a Vice article complained that a “particular strain of mockumentary” has become so ubiquitous that it has infected many British non-mockumentary sitcoms with “the stifled mannerisms and awkward shuffling of the form”. It said: “The mockumentary needs to die for British comedy to survive.” As someone who has just directed a BBC mockumentary, I would like to say: “Ouch.” I do agree that much British TV comedy isn’t innovative. But the existence of bad mockumentaries doesn’t make them inherently bad. In fact, the style is just as broad as the ever-evolving documentary style. And the documentary is arguably the most central artistic form of our time. Today, most of us live our lives through a documentary lens. We record and curate our days through Snapchat, Instagram stories, Periscope, Twitter, Facebook Live. We’re dazzled by new visual languages on YouTube: mad GoPro stunts, dashboard cams, the supposedly erotic whisperings of ASMR and the infinitely varied world of vlogging. More than ever, our everyday lives are mediated through media, which suggests that mockumentary is the most appropriate comedic style to explore how we live now. 734
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
The joy of directing mockumentaries is that you can edit ruthlessly and cram in way more jokes and stories than you can fit in a regular sitcom. This turned out to be perfectly suited to the subject of the BBC3 show I helped make: an exploration of the mesmerisingly strange phenomenon of YouTube vloggers. The mockumentary language of jump-cuts, mixed media and silly cutaways are the same hyperactive editing styles adopted by YouTube personalities. We made sure to film with the same technology vloggers use – laptops, iPhones, GoPros and Canon SLRs. And this marked the first time I had to call for another take because the boom mic wasn’t in shot. The world of superstar vloggers such as Zoella is fascinating but closely guarded. The only notable genuine documentaries about them are whitewashed brand promotion exercises, either made by fellow vloggers or by YouTube itself. So, even though the characters in Pls Like are imaginary, the care we took to make them as authentic as possible means our very silly fake show is arguably more truthful than the equivalent documentaries on the subject. Mockumentaries are one of the most unforgiving styles of filming for cast and crew. There’s no artifice to hide behind, so you can instantly tell when someone’s doing too much acting, or if the camerawork is too slick. It’s quite tricky to plot a story that can be revealed only by what a documentary crew would happen to stumble upon. Undeterred, many modern comedies and films borrow the unpretentious freewheeling camerawork and jump-cut style of the mockumentary without the full-on commitment of dressing up as real documentaries. The intent is to evoke the same spirit: that the characters you will meet will be slightly caught off guard. You get the fun of peeping through the paparazzi lens, while feeling slightly uncomfortable for intruding. For certain stories, the mockumentary is clearly a more appropriate form than a normal filmic style. But it’s not simply a choice between two options: there’s a third way, too. Instead of making a film look more like found footage, you can make found footage look more like a film. So, in Force Majeure, a movie about the marital fallout following a husband’s cowardly escape from an avalanche, the final scene is a beautifully shot yet incredibly accurate re-creation of some viral phone footage of an incompetent coach driver that the director found on the internet.
(Tom Kingsley. In: The Guardian. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2017/apr/05/ mockumentary-british-comedy-tom-kingsley>. Acesso em: 20 jun 2018. Modificado.)
DISCUSSÃO 01. Você já conhecia o termo mockumentary? Ele é formado pela junção de quais palavras em inglês e significa o quê? 02. Dê exemplos de mockumentaries. 03. What’s the difference between a documentary, a mockumentary, and a vlog? Answer in English. 04. In your opinion, do you agree more with Kingsley or with the Vice article? Answer in English.
Gabarito discussão 01 Mock é ‘zombar, zoar, tirar sarro de’ e documentary é o gênero documentário. A palavra em si é um falso documentário, ou um documentário que tira sarro de si mesmo ou de outros documentários. Gabarito discussão 02 Parks and recreation, The Office, Borat, Brüno, Modern Family. Gabarito discussão 03 A documentary is a genre of audiovisual products, shot to tell a true story with edits, voice-over, interviews and graphic explainations. The crew don’t usually appear in the final product and it is not supposed to be staged. A mockumentary is a audiovisual genre that doesn’t revolve around a true story, the crew can show up in the final product and its cast is usually made of actors. The final product can look like a true documentary, but has a comedic feel to it. A vlog is a audiovisual product shot with little production and crew, and it is usually not scripted, made to show a person’s life. Gabarito discussão 04 Resposta pessoal.
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The final word on a criticism of mockumentaries is perhaps best left to a mockumentary about criticism. That’d be the Australian show Review; its fantastic American remake has just finished its final series on Comedy Central. The mockumentary satirises the limits of artistic criticism by forcing its milquetoast presenter to give inadequate star ratings to life experiences increasingly outside his comfort zone. Far from being a retread of The Office, this is just one of many inventive comedies that prove it’s not time to reject the mockumentary just yet. We should just try harder to do the format justice.
Inglês
Introdução O futuro simples em inglês é construído de dois modos, basicamente: com o modal will ou com a expressão going to acompanhados de um verbo principal no infinitivo, e ambos expressam ações que acontecerão no futuro. O futuro contínuo é construído apenas com o modal will, o verbo auxiliar be no infinitivo e um verbo verbo principal no gerúndio (-ing). O futuro perfeito, também construído com o modal will, é acompanhado de um verbo principal no passado perfeito. Veremos, nesta aula, as diferenças entre esses dois últimos.
Futuro contínuo O futuro contínuo, ou future continuous, é construído pelo modal will, o verbo auxiliar be no infinitivo e um verbo principal no gerúndio, -ing: Seus motivos de uso são diversos. Veja! n Descreve um evento que acontecerá em algum ponto no futuro: you should go now, my parents will be coming home soon; n Descreve eventos que acontecerão independente da vontade do falante: I won’t bother to call him, I’m sure he will be calling me all week; n Em alguns contextos, é mais formal que o futuro simples: will you be going to the supermarket later today? If so, could you get me some aspargus?; n Pode ser usado para descrever planos agendados: Metallica will be perfoming here in the end of the next month.
Futuro perfeito e futuro perfeito contínuo
A09 Futuro contínuo e futuro perfeito
Figura 02 - I can’t come tomorrow afternoon, I will be shopping for a new vacuum cleaner.
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O future perfeito e o future perfeito contínuo são construídos de modo similar: o modal will, o verbo have no infinitivo como auxiliar e o verbo principal no particípio ou o verbo principal no gerúnido (-ing) antecedido de be no particípio. Seus usos incluem: n Tanto na forma simples quanto na forma contínua, descreve um momento em que se olha para trás de um tempo futuro: in two years, I’ll have finished my PHD. By the end of two years, I will have been studying for my PHD for four years; n Em sua forma simples, expressa uma suposição por parte do falante: he won’t have remember our anniversary.
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Exercícios de Fixação 01. (Macmillan) Choose the most appropriate continuation for each sentence. a) According to the latest forecast, the tunnel A A will be finished next year. B will have been finished next year. C is finishing next year. b) It’s no use phoning Bob at the office, he C A will be leaving. B is leaving. C will have left. c) In twenty-four hours’ time A A will be relaxing in my yacht. B will have relaxed in my yacht. C will have been relaxing in my yacht. d) By the time you get back Harry B A will leave. B will have left. C will be leaving. e) It’s a short trip. I C A will have been back in a hour. B will be being back in a hour. C will be back in a hour. 02. (British Council) Complete the sentences by matching the appropriate phrases into the gaps. will be listening
will have paid
will you be wearing
will have changed
will you be doing
will have changed by the year 2050? a) What do you think _______________ be listening b) It’s 3:30. Chris will ____________ to the football so we’d
better not ring. will you be doing at 11 o’clock tonight? c) What ______________ d) In 10 year’s time we ____________ for the house and it will have paid will finally be ours! will you be wearing e) How will I recognize you? What ______________? 03. Escreva três exemplos de períodos, cada um em um tempo verbal diferente: future perfect, future perfect continuous e future continuous. Resposta pessoal. 04. Complete os períodos abaixo com os dados entre parênteses. Will you have retired a) _____________________ by the time you’re 60? (retire) Will be starting soon. (start) b) No time for popcorn! The show ___________ Won’t be working this month. She’ll be in Greece! c) Joana ____________ (not work) d) Do you think that the car _____________________ by Will have been fixed tomorrow? (fix) Will have gone e) They won’t answer the phone. Everyone ____________ home. (go)
05. (Macmillan) Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. a) I’ll be back after a few minutes/in a few minutes. b) Please call me the moment/exactly when you hear any news. c) I can’t leave on Tuesday. I won’t be ready until then/by then. d) Diana will be retiring soon/already. e) Bye for now. I’ll see you in two weeks’ time/two weeks a) in a few minutes d) soon later. b) the moment c) by then
e) in two weeks’ time
Texto Comum à questão 01 How to Feed a Growing Planet Here’s an uncomfortable math problem: by 2045 Earth’s population will likely have swelled from seven to nine billion people. To fill all those stomachs – while accounting for shifting consumption patterns, climate change, and a finite amount of arable land and potable water – some experts say global food production will have to double. How can we make the numbers add up? Julian Cribb, author of The Coming Famine, says higher yielding crop varieties and more efficient farming methods will be crucial. So will waste reduction. Cribb and other experts urge cities to reclaim nutrients and water from waste streams and preserve farmland. Poor countries,
they say, can improve crop storage and packaging. And rich nations could cut back on resource-intensive foods like meat. In fact, wherever there is easy access to cheap food, people buy more than they consume. We could thus all start by shopping smarter – and cleaning our plates. As Cribb notes, food security is increasingly a collective challenge. It’s also a chance “to pull together on something we can all agree about, share and enjoy”. Adaptado de: Amanda Fiegl – National Geographic Magazine, July 2011.
01. (UEPG PR) Com relação aos segmentos verbais will likely have swelled e will have to double, ambos presentes no primeiro parágrafo do texto, assinale o que for correto. 09
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Exercícios Complementares
Inglês
01. O primeiro está no futuro do presente composto e o segundo no futuro do presente. 02. O primeiro se refere a um evento já ocorrido e o segundo a um evento ainda por ocorrer. 04. Ambos são tempos verbais equivalentes. 08. O primeiro se refere a um fato que, em 2045, já poderá estar consumado e o segundo se refere a um acontecimento que deverá ocorrer no futuro. Texto comum à questão 02 It is now generally accepted that the child’s reading ability progresses through several periods of reading development. The first period, known as “reading readiness”, begins at birth and continues normally until the age of about six or seven. Reading readiness includes the physical ability to see and hear, and the mental ability to be able to remember words and their letters. In the second period of reading development, children learn to read very simple materials. In the United States, children usually will be able to read perhaps 300 or 400 words by the end of the first year. By the end of this period, pupils are expected to be reading and enjoying simple books by themselves without help from teachers or parents. In the third period, the child makes rapid progress in increasing his vocabulary and his skill in discovering the meaning of unfamiliar words by the way the words are used in the reading material. In addition2, children during this period of reading development learn to read for different purposes and in different subjects, such as history and sciences. They1 learn that reading, besides being something that one does at school, is also something that one can do alone for fun, for factual information, or to learn more about the world in general. 02. (UNISC RS) The writer affirms that in the second period of reading development the children in the United States usually a) will not be able to read more than three hundred words. b) will be able to read all kinds of sentences. c) will be reading simple books with the help from teachers or parents. d) will be able to read simple books without any help. e) will be reading for different purposes. Texto comum à questão 03 A09 Futuro contínuo e futuro perfeito
La no Surge LBJ ends na onal-origin quotas in 1965 and the de rises from the South 0 to 99,999 Hispanics
250,000 TO 999,999
100,000 TO 249,999
1 million and above
1970: 9,6 million
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2004: 40,5 million
Patrolling the Border With each major surge in immigration to the United States, Congress has curtailed new arrivals and tightened the borders. With reference to the current crackdown, first the House passed an immigration bill. Now the Senate is debating two proposals. Can they compromise? Passed : The House bill, which calls for a 698-mile wall along the border, would make it a felony to be in the U.S. illegally and would penalize employers for hiring illegals. Proposed : Sen. Bill Frist’s measure also focuses on border security, but adds a call for temporary work visas. It doesn’t deal with illegal workers. The Senate Judiciary Committee wants to implement the McCainKennedy plan. It would institute a temporary guest-worker program and allow illegals to work toward citizenship. On the Horizon: Speaker Dennis Hastert hinted the House might soften its bill to reconcile with the Senate. Newsweek, April 10th,2006
03. (UEPB) The Modal Auxiliaries would and might in TEXT refer to: a) possibilities in the future. b) conditions in the past. c) past habits. d) conditions in the present. e) accurate predictions. Texto comum à questão 04 Text 1 Luis Suárez joins anti-racism calls after Dani Alves banana incident The Barcelona defender Dani Alves has sparked a social media campaign against racism in football as support flooded in from fellow professionals for his decision to eat a banana thrown at him by an opposition fan. Luis Suárez, Neymar, Hulk, Mario Balotelli and Sergio Agüero were among those who posted pictures of themselves taking bites out of bananas in tribute to Alves’ actions in his side’s La Liga match at Villarreal on Sunday. The Fifa president Joseph Blatter has branded the abuse directed at Alves an “outrage” and promised zero tolerance towards discrimination at the World Cup, while Villarreal took swift action by identifying the culprit and handing him a lifetime stadium ban. Alves’ response to the banana being thrown on to the pitch in front of him as he prepared to take a corner was to nonchalantly pick it up, peel it and take a bite before continuing with the game. The 30-yearold, who has been the victim of racist abuse before during his time in La Liga, said: “You need to take these situations with a dose of humour.” Players across Europe paid homage on Twitter and Instagram, including Suárez, who served an eight-match ban for racially abusing Patrice Evra. Alves’s Barça and Brazil team-mate Neymar led the way after
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
posting a picture on Instagram of himself holding a banana, while
five or six, and we had stopped off at the Cut-Rate Drug Store
writing “We are all monkeys”. Balotelli, Milan’s former Manchester
(where no black person in town but my father could sit down
City striker, posted a picture of himself in a similar pose. Suárez posted a picture on Twitter of himself and Liverpool
to eat, and eat off real plates with real silverware) so that I
team-mate Philippe Coutinho taking bites out of bananas,
please, which I was busy licking when Mr. Wilson walked by.
along with the words: “#SayNoToRacism #WeAreAllMonkeys.” (...)
Mr. Wilson was a very quiet man, whose stony, brooding,
Barça gave their player their “complete support and solidarity” and thanked Villarreal for their “immediate condemnation” of
friendship, even from white people. He was Irish as was one-
the incident. Villarreal later revealed they had, with the help of fans, found out who the culprit was, had withdrawn his season ticket and banned him from the El Madrigal stadium for life. Disponível em: <http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/apr/29/luis-suarez-anti-racism-dani-alvesbanana>. Acesso em 29 abr.2014 (texto adaptado)
Text 2
could buy some caramel ice cream, two scoops in a wafer cone,
silent manner seemed designed to scare off any overtures of third of our village (another third being Italian), the more affluent among whom sent their children to “Catholic School” across the bridge in Maryland. He had white straight hair, like my Uncle Joe, whom he uncannily resembled, and he carried a black worn metal lunch pail, the kind that Riley carried on the television show. My father always spoke to him, and for reasons that we never did understand, he always spoke to my father.
What’s in a name? Henry Louis Gates Jr. (1989)
“Hello, Mr. Wilson,” I heard my father say.
the question of color, especially in this country, operates to hide the graver questions of the self. - James Baldwin, 1961
“Hello, George.” I stopped licking my ice cream cone, and asked my Dad in a loud voice why Mr. Wilson had called him “George.” “Doesn’t he know your name, Daddy? Why don’t you tell him your name? Your name isn’t George.”
blood, darky, Tar baby, Kaffir, shine… moor, blackamoor, Jim Crow,
For a moment I tried to think of who Mr. Wilson was mixing Pop
spook… quadroon, meriney, red bone, high yellow… Mammy,
up with. But we didn’t have any Georges among the colored
porch monkey, home, homeboy, George… spearchucker, Leroy,
people in Piedmont; nor were there colored Georges living in
Smokey…mouli, buck, Ethiopian, brother, sistah…
the neighboring towns and working at the Mill.
- Trey Ellis, 1989
I had forgotten the incident completely, until I read Trey Elli’s essay, “Remember My Name,” in a recent issue of the Village Voice (June 13, 1989). But there, in the middle of an extended italicized list of the bynames of “the race” (“the race” or “our people” being the terms my parents used in polite or reverential discourse, “jigaboo” or “nigger” more commonly used in anger, jest, or pure disgust), it was: “George”. Now the events of that very brief exchange return to my mind so vividly that I wonder why I had forgotten it. My father and I were walking home at dusk from his second job. He “moonlighted” as a janitor in the evenings for the telephone company. Every day, but Saturday, he would come home at 3:30 from his regular job at the paper Mill, wash up, eat supper, then at 4:30 head downtown to his second job. He used to make jokes frequently about a union official who moonlighted. I never got the joke, but he and his friends thought it was hilarious. All I knew was that my family always ate well, that my brother and I had new clothes to wear, and that all of the white people in Piedmont, West Virginia, treated my parents with an odd mixture of resentment and respect that even we understood at the time had something directly to do with a small but certain measure of financial security. He had left a little early that evening because I was with him and I had to be in bed early. I could not have been more than
“Tell him your name, Daddy.” “He knows my name, boy,” my father said after a long pause. “He calls all colored people George.” A long silence ensued. It was “one of those things”, as my Mom would put it. Even then, that early, I knew when I was in the presence of “one of those things”, one of those things that provided a glimpse, through a rent curtain, at another world that we could not affect but that affected us. There would be a painful moment of silence, and you would wait for it to give way to a discussion of a black superstar such as Sugar Ray or Jackie Robinson. “Nobody hits better in a clutch than Jackie Robinson.” “That’s right. Nobody.” I never again looked Mr. Wilson in the eye. 04. (IME RJ) “I have a dream that one day, on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners _________________ sit down together at the table of brotherhood.” (Martin Luther King) a) would be able to b) will be able to c) should have been able to d) are able to e) would have been able to 739
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The question of color takes up much space in these pages, but
Inglês
Texto comum à questão 05 Building Ectopia
central planning, control and even restrictions on individual freedoms is needed to make Masdar work. […] Cars will not be permitted (the city provides electric pods to transport people and goods), and starting a business is not straightforward .Commercial activities will be restricted to those that “add value” to the city. To keep Masdar carbon-neutral, businesses that use lots of hydrocarbons will not be welcome. […] Will such a paternalistic city work well? Social factors are crucial in getting cities to hum. Masdar’s advertising states that “one day, all cities will be built like this.” This is not the case. For one thing, Masdar is experimental and a work in progress. What emerges will not necessarily translate well elsewhere. (by Natasha Loder, From The World in 2009)
05. (UEPB) The frequent use of the modal auxiliary “will” in TEXT indicates a) a situation in the present. b) future possibility. c) certainty in the future. d) a situation in the past. e) a continuing situation. Texto comuns às questões 06 e 07 Where We Go from Here By Thomas Claburn
A09 Futuro contínuo e futuro perfeito
Although most cities seem to form by accident, for thousands of years, some of them have been designed. Whether for defense, beauty or practicality, urban designers have imposed their ideas of what a city should be about. […] Masdar, which means “the source”, is a 1,500 acre project including housing, commercial and manufacturing space for eco-friendly products and a university. […] The Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (MIST) will be dedicated to renewable energy. [...] The city will also have a 10MW photo-voltaic farm. By 2010 Masdar will be able to accommodate 2,000 people but ultimately it will be home to 50,000.Most of the city’s electricity will come through solar power. Renewables will also support a desalination plant that will provide fresh water. Creating the city is a feat of integration […] requiring a fusion of technologies, systems and policies. Finding ways of using less energy and water has been a crucial part of the planning. Through a smart metering system, at any given moment a citizen of Masdar will be aware of how much energy, water and carbon he or she is consuming compared with the average citizen. There is, though, more to this picture of ectopia than meets the eye. A huge degree of 740
Intellectual property doesn’t exist. Still, the business community profits handsomely by pretending otherwise, with a little help from the law. For companies that watched their profits wither in a market torched by terrorism, the illusion is all the more compelling – intellectual property increasingly appears as an oasis of future liquidity on corporate balance sheets. Intangible though it may be, intellectual property is the foundation of modern industry. “If you take a look at intellectual property as a whole – not just patents, but the concept – if we stripped out these sets of rights, what does it do to the world?” asks Kevin Rivette, founder and CEO of Aurigin Systems. He says that removing intellectual property rights would collapse the movie, music, software, publishing, pharmaceutical, biotech, and aerospace industries, to name just a few. He also contends that the patent system – much maligned for granting frivolous patents to technologies like Amazon.com’s 1-Click – will continue to spur innovation as it has for hundreds of years. And thanks to globalism and the World Trade Organization (WTO), intellectual property should see greater protection from the international community. The foreshadowing of that future became evident in 1993, when the United States Trademark Association voted to change its name to the International Trademark Association. Nations with a long history of disrespect for intellectual property rights, like India and China, are finally starting to recognize the benefits of complying with WTO intellectual property regulations as they look to protect homegrown innovations on the world market. (http://www.smartbusinessmag.com/article, Dec. 1, 2001)
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
06. (Fundação Instituto de Educação de Barueri SP) The elimination of intellectual property is viewed as a(n): a) advice; d) solution; b) necessity; e) achievement. c) menace;
Texto comum à questão 10 Locating a Lost Windows Device By J. D. BIERSDORFER MAY 24, 2016
07. (Fundação Instituto de Educação de Barueri SP) According to the author, intellectual property is a(n): a) hazard; d) possibility; b) chimera;. e) nightmare. c) adventure; Texto comuns às questões 08 e 09 Here is a response to a debate on patents and medicine: Mr. Przemek Kordasiewicz,
I agree wholeheartedly with your recommendation of a 2 ban on all patents on all life saving medical 3 discoveries. Again, I would take it a step further. I think 4 that the virtues of a purely capitalist system seem to 5 have fallen apart at this point. In this literal lifeanddeathissue, 6 ethics take priority over everything 7 else. Just as Congress stepped forward to place a ban 8 on the patenting of surgical procedures, they need to 9 step forward and place a similar ban on these new 10 medical patents (drugs, procedures and human 11 genome work) which are having the identical effect. 12 Additionally, Congress need to heavily legislate in 13 favor of patients worldwide to keep drug patents 14 limited, short, and drug prices at an affordable level.15 Something in the system is wrong when drug 16 companies are the most profitable of all publicly traded 17 companies and huge populations across the world are 18 living in pain and dying because they are unable to 19 afford the sky-high drug prices, inflated by the patent 20 holders’ monopoly. The government needs to look into 21 the situation independently and take a stand for the 22 well-being of the taxpayers and citizens they suppose 23 to be representing. Thank you, Benjamin (Mako) Hill. (Intellectual Property in Cyberspace 2000, http://yukidoke.org)
08. (Fundação Instituto de Educação de Barueri SP) The author thinks that patents on medical discoveries should be: a) guaranteed; b) adjusted; c) increased; d) controlled; e) forbidden. 09. (Fundação Instituto de Educação de Barueri SP) As regards capitalist policies for drug patents, the author: a) supports them; b) criticizes them; c) defines them; d) advertises them; e) modifies them.
When Microsoft’s Find My Device tool is enabled and working, you can see your missing hardware on a map. Q. The iPad and Apple laptops have a “find me” function built into their operating systems. Is there anything similar for Windows tablets and laptops to help locate lost or stolen hardware? A. Microsoft added a Find My Device tool in an update to Windows 10 last year. The Find My Device feature basically works the same way that Apple’sFind My iPhone/iPad/Mac service does, using GPS and Wi-Fi network information for locating the missing phone, tablet or computer. As long as all the location services are enabled, the device’s whereabouts is displayed on a map when you log into your account through a web browser. (Google’s Android software includes Android Device Manager, which is its own hardware-tracking solution.) To use Find My Device on a tablet or laptop running Windows 10, make sure you are signed into the administrator-level Microsoft account you use with the gadget, and that the service is activated. To do that, go to the Windows 10 Settings to Updates & Security and select Find My Device (or Find My Phone for Windows Phone users). If the service is turned off in the Windows 10 settings, tap the Change button to enable it and allow the laptop or tablet to check in over the Internet periodically. Should the time come that you need to track down a lost Windows device, open the web browser on another machine, log into your Microsoft account at https://account.microsoft. com/devices/about. Click the Find My Device link on the page to see a map with your hardware’s last-known location. Windows Phone users have additional powers with the Find My Phone service. Through their Microsoft accounts, they can remotely ring, lock or erase the missing handset. (http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/25/technology/personaltech/locating-a-lost-windows-device.html?ref=personaltech, accessed on May 27th, 2016)
10. (Fundação Instituto de Educação de Barueri SP) The news is about: a) How to buy a device. b) How to use a lost device. c) How to find a laptop. d) The way of using a lost device. e) A tool for mobile phones. 741
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ASSUNTOS ABORDADOS
DISCURSOS DIRETO E INDIRETO
n Discursos direto e indireto
Leia o texto a seguir, do ator Simon Pegg para o jornal britânico The Guardian, sobre a diferença entre a comédia britânica e americana. Responda às questões que o seguem.
n Introdução n Tempos verbais n Verbos modais
What are you laughing at?
n Relato de ordens, pedidos e conselhos
You could spend a lot of time exploring the differences between British and American comedy only to reach the conclusion that, ironically, they’re pretty much the same. When it comes to humour, there is one cultural myth that just won’t die: “Americans don’t do irony.” This isn’t strictly true. Although it is true that we British do use irony a little more often than our special friends in the US. It’s like the kettle to us: it’s always on, whistling slyly in the corner of our daily interactions. To Americans, however, it’s more like a nice teapot, something to be used when the occasion demands it. This is why an ironic comment will sometimes be met with a perplexed smile by an unwary American. Take this exchange that took place between two friends of mine, one British (B), the other American (A):
n Verbos para relatar n Perguntas
B: “I had to go to my grandad’s funeral last week.” A: “Sorry to hear that.” B: “Don’t be. It was the first time he ever paid for the drinks.” A: “I see.”
Fonte: wikimedia commons
Figura 01 - British actor Simon Pegg in his movie Shaun of the Dead.
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Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Now, my American friend was being neither thick nor obtuse here; he simply didn’t immediately register the need to bury emotion under humour. This tendency is also apparent in our differing use of disclaimers. When Americans use irony, they will often immediately qualify it as being so, with a jovial “just kidding”, even if the statement is outrageous and plainly ironic. For instance, A: “If you don’t come out tonight, I’m going to have you shot... just kidding.” Of course, being America, this might be true, because they do all own guns and use them on a regular basis (just kidding). Americans can fully appreciate irony. They just don’t feel entirely comfortable using it on each other, in case it causes damage. A bit like how we feel about guns. It’s not so much about having a different sense of humour as a different approach to life. More demonstrative than we are, Americans are not embarrassed by their emotions. They clap louder, cheer harder and empathise more unconditionally. It’s an openness that always leaves me feeling slightly guilty and apologetic when American personalities appear on British chat shows and find their jokes and stories met with titters, not guffaws, or their achievements met with silent appreciation, rather than claps and yelps. We don’t like them any less, we just aren’t inclined to give that much of ourselves away. Meanwhile, as a Brit on an American chat show, it’s difficult to endure prolonged whooping without intense, red-faced smirking. (Simon Pegg. In: The Guardian. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/feb/10/comedy. television>. Acesso em: 27 jun 2018. Modificado.)
DISCUSSÃO 01. Cite alguns exemplos de filmes ou seriados de comédia americanos e britânicos. 02. Dos produtos audiovisuais que você listou na resposta acima, reflita: qual é a base do humor em cada? Como se estruturam? Liste semelhanças e diferenças. 03. In your opinion, do you believe that Brazilians are similar to Americans or Brits when it comes to humor? Answer in English. 04. No texto, há um diálogo de quatro falas reportado pelo ator. Traduza apenas as três primeiras partes, passando para o discurso indireto em português. Atente-se para o fato de ser um relato e ter acontecido no passado.
Gabarito discussão 01 São exemplos: The Office, que tem sua franquia britânica e Americana; Parks and Recreation, Master of None, Simpsons, como seriados americanos; e Monty Phyton e Borat como filmes britânicos. Gabarito discussão 02 Resposta pessoal. Gabarito discussão 03 Resposta pessoal. Gabarito discussão 04 B disse que teve de ir ao velório de seu avô na semana anterior. A respondeu que sentia muito por saber daquela informação e B disse para não ficar, aquele havia sido a primeira vez que seu avô lhe pagara bebidas.
Introdução
A10 Discursos direto e indireto
Assim como em português, em inglês também podemos reportar a fala de uma pessoa de duas maneiras: pelo discurso direto, em que se reproduz exatamente o que a pessoa falou por meio de aspas (“) ou travessão (–), ou pelo discurso indireto, que é uma reformulação do que se foi dito e que se chama, em inglês, reported speech. Nesta aula, vamos aprender como transformar um discurso direto em indireto.
Tempos verbais No discurso indireto, os tempos verbais, a ordem das palavras e os pronomes podem ser diferentes daqueles no período original por se tratar do relato de uma fala que ocorreu anteriormente. A estrutura básica de relatar a fala de alguém é The person said that (...). Veja como construir os discursos indiretos de acordo com o tempo verbal do período original: 743
Inglês
Tempo verbal no discurso direto
Tempo verbal no discurso indireto
Exemplo no discurso direto
Present simple
Past simple
“I work a lot in my job”.
Present continuous
Past continuous
“The dog is playing”.
Past simple
Past perfect
“I moved to Denmark last summer”.
Past continuous
Past perfect continuous
“I was jogging when I saw my neighbor”.
Exemplo no discurso indireto He/she said that he/she worked a lot in his job. He/she said that the dog was playing. He/she said that he/she had moved to Denmark that last summer. He/she said that he/she had been jogging when he/she saw his/her neighbor.
Present perfect
Past perfect
“They have never been this kind to me”.
Past perfect
Past perfect
“You had already left when I arrived”.
!
He/she said they had never been that kind to her. He/she said they had already left when he/she had arrived.
ATENÇÃO!
Quando uma fala no presente ainda é verdadeira no momento de relatá-la no discurso indireto, pode-se usar o próprio presente: “I live in Sweden”. muda para He/she said that he/ she lives in Sweden. Note que não são apenas os tempos verbais que mudam. Os pronomes possessivos e advérbios temporais também mudam. “I ate at your restaurant yesterday” transforma-se em He/she said that he/she had eaten at my restaurant the day before”.
Verbos modais Modal no discurso indireto
Exemplo no discurso direto
Can / can’t
Could / couldn’t
“I can’t see his face”.
Will / won’t
Would / Wouldn’t
“I’ll call you”.
Could / couldn’t
Could / couldn’t
Would / Wouldn’t
Would / Wouldn’t
A10 Discursos direto e indireto
Modal no discurso direto
Exemplo no discurso indireto He/she said that he/she couldn’t see his face. He/she said that he/she would call me.
“You could make dinner
He/she said that I could make
tonight”.
dinner that night.
“I would love to go with you”.
He/she said that he/she would love to go with me.
Relato de ordens, pedidos e conselhos A estrutura básica, nesse caso, não utiliza mais o verbo say, mas sim outros verbos que indiquem ordens, pedidos e conselhos junto com o infinitivo:
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Fonte: wikimedia commons
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Can you listen to me please? = She asked me to listen to her. Hold this for me! = She told me to listen to her. You should hold this for me. = She advised me to listen to her.
Verbos para relatar
Fonte: D da foto stock livre de direitos: 730528516
Há vários verbos que podem substituir o say na hora de relatar discursos, e eles tornam a fala e a escrita mais diversificada, menos cansativa para o ouvinte ou leitor. São alguns exemplos: promise, suggest, refuse, argue, confirm, offer. Esse verbos, geralmente, são seguidos de -ing ou infinitivo.
“It wasn’t me who spilt the milk”. = She denied spilling the milk. When we report what people say, we usually change the tense of the verbs to reflect that we are reporting – not giving direct speech. This pattern is followed when we report questions and there are also other important changes between direct questions and reported questions.
Perguntas n
n
A10 Discursos direto e indireto
Veja como são formulados relatos de perguntas no discurso indireto de acordo com o tipo de pergunta: Perguntas de resposta “sim” ou “não” são mantidas na mesma ordem que uma afirmativa e sem verbos auxiliares: “Do you like cupcakes?” = He/she asked if/ wether I liked cupcakes. Perguntas com pronomes interrogatives são mantidas na mesma ordem que uma afirmativa e sem verbos auxiliares: “Who did you see at the party?” = He/ she asked who I had seen at the party.
Note que, em nenhum momento, ao formular perguntas no discurso indireto, é usado o ponto de interrogação. 745
Inglês Gabarito questão 01 (Fixação) a) ‘I can grant every wish you have’, said Wanda to Jimmy. b) ‘We/I want to contribute to the fundraising’, everyone said.
c) ‘Son, clean your room!’, said my parents to my brother. d) ‘I wish I had told my friends about this traffic jam’, said Noah. e) ‘I wonder about my roots’, said the girl.
Exercícios de Fixação 01. Reescreva os períodos a seguir no discurso direto. a) Wanda said she could grant every wish Jimmy had. b) Everyone wanted to contribute to the fundraising. c) My parents told my brother to clean his room. d) Noah wished he had told his friends about that traffic jam. e) The girl wondered about her roots. 02. Reescreva os períodos abaixo no discurso indireto. a) ‘I want to be an astronaut when I grow up!’, said Amy. b) ‘Who cares about your modeling career?’, asked Rebecca. c) ‘Andrew will visit the exhibition on Thursday’, reminded me his secretary. d) ‘I cannot stand your laziness’, said the teacher to the student. e) ‘Would you do me a favor?’, asked me my boss. 03. (Macmillan) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. a) ‘Helen, would you like to come to lunch on Sunday?’ asked Mary. (if) Asked if I would like to to come to lunch on Sunday. Mary _________________ b) Sue thought it would be a good idea for me to see a doctor. (advised) Sue ____________________________ to see a doctor. Advised me c) The minister proposed regular meetings for the committee. (suggested) The minister _________________ Suggested the committee should meet regularly. d) My bank manager invited me to visit him at home. (could) Said I could My bank manager ________________ visit him at home.
e) ‘Ok mum, I’ll do my homework, I promise,’ said Laura. (that) Promised that she would Laura ________________________ do her homework. 04. (Macmillan) Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. a) Jane said me/told me there was nothing the matter. Told me b) Sheila explained me/warned me not to leave the heater on all night. Warned me c) The chairperson mentioned us/reminded us that time was extremely short. Reminded us d) Bill answered them/replied them with a detailed description of his plan. Answered them e) Michael and Sarah announced/reported that they were going to get married. Announced 05. Reescreva cada período abaixo no discurso indireto, utilizando os verbos dados no tempo certo. a) ‘No, I don’t own a professional camera, but I wish I did’, said Lina. Lina denied owning a professional camera, but wished she did. _____________________________________________ ______________________(deny + wish) Lina said she wished to had a professional camera, which she doesn’t own. _____________________________________________ ______________________(said + wish) b) ‘I think I’ll buy the black shoes’, said my undecided sister. _____________________________________________ My undecided sister decided to buy the black shoes. ______________________(decide) My undecided sister decided she would buy the black shoes. _____________________________________________ ______________________(decide + will) My undecided sister said she would buy the black shoes. _____________________________________________ ______________________(say + will)
Exercícios Complementares Texto comum à questão 01
A10 Discursos direto e indireto
Fury at racist cartoon comparing ‘butch’ and ‘masculine’ Michelle Obama to pageant-ready Melania Trump
By Dailymail.com Reporter. Published: 14 May 2016 | Updated: 17 May 2016
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Gabarito questão 02 (Fixação) a) Amy said she wanted to be an astronaut when she grew up. b) Rebecca asked who cared about her/his modeling career.
A cartoonist has been accused of racism 02 after he portrayed Michelle Obama as 03 masculine and butch next to a pageantready 04 Melania Trump in a controversial 05 drawing. 06 The cartoon – which has been branded 07 ‘racist and misogynistic’ – shows a muscular 08 Mrs. Obama wearing a green dress with a 09 bulge in the groin area. 10 Stood next to her is a feminine, smiling 11 Melania Trump in a pink dress and holding 12 a Trump sign. 13 Twitter reacted with fury to the drawing, with 14 dozens of people defending the First Lady. 15 Femi H tweeted: ‘Honestly, this is as racist 16 as hell and reverts back to stereotypes that 17 black women are angry and masculine’. 18 Imani Gandy wrote: ‘Oddly, they feel the 19 need to denigrate Michelle to prop up 20 Melania, when that’s so not the point. But 21 they’re too stupid to understand that’. 01
c) Andrew’s secretary reminded me that he would visit the exhibition that Thursday. d) The teacher said she/he could not stand the student’s laziness. e) My boss asked me if I would do him a favor.
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Adapted from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ article-3590830/Fury-racist-cartoon-comparing-butchmasculine- Michelle-Obama-pageant-ready-Melania- Trump.html. Access on 09/07/2016
01. (IF BA) Considering the following except, taken from the text, check the alternative that rewrites it in Indirect Speech: Imani Gandy wrote: Oddly, they feel the need to denigrate Michelle to prop up Melania, when that’s so not the point. (Refs. 18 to 20). a) Imani Gandy wrote that oddly, they feel the need to denigrate Michelle to prop up Melania, when that’s so not the point. b) Imani Gandy wrote that oddly, they felt the need to denigrate Michelle to prop up Melania, when that’s so not the point. c) Imani Gandy wrote that oddly, they felt the need to denigrate Michelle to prop up Melania, when that was so not the point. d) Imani Gandy wrote that oddly, they have felt the need to denigrate Michelle to prop up Melania, when that’s so not the point. e) Imani Gandy wrote that oddly, they were feeling the need to denigrate Michelle to prop up Melania, when that was so not the point. Texto comum à questão 02 Mean Drunk? Alcohol Personality Study Says Maybe Not You may think you’re a mean drunk. Or a funny drunk. Or even a mellow drunk. But do other people see you that way? A new study by psychologists at the University of Missouri found that many of the mood changes we experience as a result of alcohol are not always so apparent to others—despite what we may think. Rachel Winograd, clinical psychologist (1)______the Missouri Institute of Mental Health, and colleagues wanted to understand the discrepancy between how we see ourselves and how others see us as the mood-altering effects of alcohol set in. So, they conducted a study to see just how obvious alcoholinduced personality changes were to outside observers. They enrolled 156 participants, a mix of over-21 college students and community members, to drink vodka-and-Sprites in their laboratory for $10 per hour. (“That was my drink in my twenties,” says Winograd.) Using a 50-item questionnaire, the participants self-reported their typical sober and drunk personality traits two weeks before the study. For the study, which was carefully scrutinized by the university beforehand, groups of friends sat together, with half the groups given the alcohol-containing drink and half receiving Sprite alone. As they drank, they played a variety of games designed to provoke a range of personality expressions, including competitiveness, bonding and impulsiveness. Twice during the study, they self-reported about the mood changes the alcohol was causing in them. The researchers recorded the proceedings. Then, about 30
trained research assistants watched the videos and rated the personality changes. According to the report, published in Clinical Psychological Science, the effects of alcohol were sometimes obvious and sometimes completely invisible. In particular, perceived changes in what psychologists call “extraversion” traits were the same for both the drinker and the observer. As the participants felt themselves becoming more gregarious or assertive, the observers could see those changes from the outside. But those were the only shifts apparent to the observers. Observers were not able to see alcohol making people less neurotic or anxious, for example. Changes in conscientiousness – being fussier or messier – were also hard to spot. “Participants felt like they were really affected by alcohol,” says Winograd, “whereas observers didn’t perceive such drastic changes.” Only changes in the extraversion traits were abundantly obvious to the observers. The findings provide useful insights for people who worry (2)______ how they seem to others when they drink. “What we think about ourselves may not always be what other people see,” says Winograd, “for better or worse.” Winograd is interested (3)______ studying whether offering reflections on what changes dominate their drunk personality to people dependent on alcohol could help reduce such dependence. “This type of personalized feedback as part of an alcohol intervention could help people make greater gains,” says Winograd. Winograd also hopes to study drunk personalities within different cultural groups—say, only females or only males— outside of the laboratory, “in their natural drinking environment.” Catharine Fairbairn, a psychologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who studies how alcohol impacts social interactions, confirms the potential usefulness of such an approach, particularly for people (4)______ transform dramatically under the influence of alcohol. “A reflection on such personality effects could be highly motivating to some patients,” says Fairbairn, who was not involved in the study. Considering the storied history of drunk personalities serving as clues to underlying alcohol problems, says Fairbairn, “scientists have been oddly silent on personality changes associated with alcohol.” The present findings, she says, “begins to fill the gap.” After the drinking portion of the study, participants had to stay at the laboratory until they scored below .04 on a Breathalyzer. They ate Hot Pockets while they sobered up. One group tried to have a friend bring a joint to the laboratory. It seems some aspects of drunk personality are entirely predictable. Adapted from http://www.newsweek.com
02. (UNITAU SP) Tick the alternative that shows the CORRECT form of the indirect speech of the sentence below. “Participants felt like they were really affected by alcohol,” says Winograd. a) She said participants felt liked they were really affected by alcohol. b) She said participants had felt like they were being really affected by alcohol. 747
A10 Discursos direto e indireto
Garrison is known for his controversial 23 political cartoons and – looking at his work 24 – appears to be a supporter of Republican 25 presumptive nominee Donald Trump. 22
Inglês
c) She said participants have felt like they were really affected by alcohol. d) She said participants had felt like they had been affected by alcohol. e) She said participants have feeling like they were being affected by alcohol. Texto comum à questão 03 Genesis was a progressive rock band in the 1970s, when they enjoyed cult success with albums like Selling England by the Pound. Vocalist Peter Gabriel was a spectacular performer who wore bizarre costumes during their live shows. Yet they had their greatest success in the 1980s after drummer Phil Collins replaced Gabriel as vocalist. The band revolutionised their live shows by introducing hypnotic drum machines and incredible lighting. Although fans accused Genesis of selling out, the group became a worldwide success with the 1983 album Genesis and songs like Mama. Why have Genesis reunited now? Phil Collins says, “well, we certainly don’t need the money. Actually, it’s rewarding to know that so many people still like us.” Speak Up. N. 245, ano XX, p. 9. (Adaptado)
03. (Unievangélica GO) Considerando os aspectos estruturais do texto, verifica-se que a) o pronome relativo who, em “a spectacular performer who wore bizarre costumes”, pode ser omitido. b) a palavra as, em “Phil Collins replaced Gabriel as vocalist”, estabelece uma comparação. c) a frase “Phil Collins says, ‘well, we certainly don’t need the money’” é um caso de discurso direto. d) a expressão selling out em “fans accused Genesis of selling out” é usada para indicar futuro.
A10 Discursos direto e indireto
Texto comum à questão 04 A library tradition is being refashioned to emphasize early literacy and better prepare young children for school, and drawing many new fans in the process. Among parents of the under-5 set, spots for story time have become as coveted as seats for a hot Broadway show like “Hamilton.” Lines stretch down the block at some branches, with tickets given out on a first-come-first-served basis because there is not enough room to accommodate all of the children who show up. Workers at the 67th Street Library on the Upper East Side of Manhattan turn away at least 10 people from every reading. They have been so overwhelmed by the rush at story time — held in the branch’s largest room, on the third floor — that once the space is full, they close the door and shut down the elevator. “It is so crowded and so popular, it’s insane,” Jacqueline Schector, a librarian, said. Story time is drawing capacity crowds at public libraries across New York and across the country at a time when, more than ever, educators are emphasizing the importance of early literacy in preparing children for school and for developing 748
critical thinking skills. The demand crosses economic lines, with parents at all income levels vying to get in. Many libraries have refashioned the traditional readings to include enrichment activities such as counting numbers and naming colors, as well as music and dance. And many parents have made story time a fixture in their family routines alongside school pickups and playground outings — and, for those who employ nannies, a nonnegotiable requirement of the job. In New York, demand for story time has surged across the city’s three library systems — the New York Public Library, the Brooklyn Public Library, and the Queens Library — and has posed logistical challenges for some branches, particularly those in small or cramped buildings. Citywide, story time attendance rose to 510,367 people in fiscal year 2015, up nearly 28 percent from 399,751 in fiscal 2013. “The secret’s out,” said Lucy Yates, 44, an opera coach with two sons who goes to story time at the Fort Washington Library every week. Stroller-pushing parents and nannies begin to line up for story time outside some branches an hour before doors open. To prevent overcrowding, tickets are given out at the New Amsterdam and Webster branches, both in Manhattan, the Parkchester branch in the Bronx, and a half-dozen branches in Brooklyn, including in Park Slope, Kensington and Bay Ridge. The 67th Street branch keeps adding story times — there are now six a week — and holds sessions outdoors in the summer, when crowds can swell to 200 people. In Queens, 41 library branches are scheduled to add weekend hours this month, and many will undoubtedly include weekend story times. As Joanne King, a spokeswoman for the library explained, parents have been begging for them and “every story time is full, every time we have one.” Long a library staple, story time has typically been an informal reading to a small group of boys and girls sitting in a circle. Today’s story times involve carefully planned lessons by specially trained librarians that emphasize education as much as entertainment, and often include suggestions for parents and caregivers about how to reinforce what children have learned, library officials said. Libraries around the country have expanded story time and other children’s programs in recent years, attracting a new generation of patrons in an age when online offerings sometimes make trips to the book stacks unnecessary. Sari Feldman, president of the American Library Association, said such early-literacy efforts are part of a larger transformation libraries are undergoing to become active learning centers for their communities by offering services like classes in English as a second language, computer skills and career counseling. Ms. Feldman said the increased demand for story time was a product, in part, of more than a decade of work by the library association and others to encourage libraries to play a larger role in preparing young children for school. In 2004, as part of that effort, the association developed a curriculum, “Every Child Ready to Read,” that she said is now used by thousands of libraries.
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
The New York Public Library is adding 45 children’s librarians to support story time and other programs, some of which are run in partnership with the city government. It has also designated 20 of its 88 neighborhood branches, including the Fort Washington Library, as “enhanced literary sites.” As such, they will double their story time sessions, to an average of four a week, and distribute 15,000 “family literacy kits” that include a book and a schedule of story times. “It is clear that reading and being exposed to books early in life are critical factors in student success,” Anthony W. Marx, president of the New York Public Library, said. “The library is playing an increasingly important role in strengthening early literacy in this city, expanding efforts to bring reading to children and their families through quality, free story times, curated literacy programs, after-school programs and more.” For its part, the Queens Library plans to expand a “Kick Off to Kindergarten” program that attracted more than 180 families for a series of workshops last year. Library officials said that more than three-quarters of the children who enrolled, many of whom spoke a language other than English at home, developed measurable classroom skills. From: www.nytimes.com/2015/11/02
04. (UECE CE) The sentence “Ms. Feldman said the increased demand for story time was a product, in part, of more than a decade of work by the library association and others to encourage libraries to play a larger role in preparing young children for school.” is an example of a) direct speech. b) reported speech. c) adjectival clause. d) direct and indirect speech. Texto comum à questão 05 Obama Pleads for Stricter Gun Laws and Faces Tough Questioning
Times that he would not “campaign for, vote for or support” any candidates, including Democrats, who do not support “common-sense” gun control measures. Taken together, the twin public-relations efforts reflect the president’s desire to demonstrate for his supporters a commitment to gun control even as he seeks to reassure gun owners that he has no intention of seizing their weapons. In the article, Mr. Obama urged Americans who agree with him on gun control measures to join him in pushing to elect new lawmakers in Congress. He said the effort to confront gun violence would require the same “relentless focus” of civil rights campaigns in the past. “We need the vast majority of responsible gun owners who grieve with us after every mass shooting, who support common-sense gun safety and who feel that their views are not being properly represented, to stand with us and demand that leaders heed the voices of the people they are supposed to represent,” Mr. Obama wrote. Aides to the president have long been frustrated that his push for new gun laws — which began in the days after the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre in 2012 — has been characterized by some gun rights activists as part of a conspiracy intended to seize their guns and take away their freedom. The bluntness of the questioners selected by CNN, which proposed and moderated the forum, created an environment for Mr. Obama that is rare for a president who is more often surrounded by loyal aides, allies and handpicked supporters. But it also served a purpose that White House officials said they wanted: to let Mr. Obama respond to what he believes are incorrect or misleading arguments about his positions. Mr. Obama was polite but firm throughout the event, insisting that his efforts to improve the existing background check system would have no real effect on the ability to purchase guns. He rejected accusations that he wants to confiscate guns, calling that a ridiculous idea. The session was held at George Mason University in Fairfax, Va., a suburb of Washington. In his opening remarks, Mr. Obama urged firearm owners, hunters and other gun rights activists to join him in support of tougher laws that would target criminals while Doing otherwise, the president said, would condemn the United
WASHINGTON — In an intense but civil town-hall-style event broadcast live on television, gun rights activists repeatedly pressed President Obama on Thursday night to justify his gun control efforts, putting him on the defensive over an issue that has divided the nation’s capital and the presidential campaign trail. The blunt exchanges came on the same day that Mr. Obama pledged in an Op-Ed article published by The New York
States to continue suffering through mass shootings, suicides, gang violence, domestic abuse and accidental shootings that have killed tens of thousands of Americans. In his Op-Ed article, Mr. Obama was unsparing in his criticism of gun manufacturers and their allies, accusing the industry of being “almost entirely unaccountable” for gun violence, and he said Americans needed to stand up to “the gun lobby’s lies.”
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A10 Discursos direto e indireto
preserving the Second Amendment rights for law-abiding citizens.
Inglês
The presence at the event of gun rights advocates was expected to lead to sharp exchanges, and the session did just that. But the forum also provided an opportunity for supporters of Mr. Obama’s position to express their views. A priest from a Chicago church thanked Mr. Obama for his efforts to expand background checks. And an 18-year-old black man from Chicago told the president that his brother’s life had been lost, as well as the lives of “countless family and friends” to gun violence. He asked for Mr. Obama’s advice about growing up surrounded by poverty and violence. Mr. Obama urged him to be a role model
b) He told that I don´t have time to stand here and argue with me all day! c) He said he didn’t have time to stand there and argue with me all day. d) He told he didn’t have time to stand there and argue with him all day. e) I don´t have time to stand here and argue with you all day! Texto comum à questão 07 Refugees
and to resist peer pressure. “You’re really important to the future of this country,” Mr. Obama said, but he added that “I think it is critical in this debate to understand that it’s not just inner-city kids who are at risk in these situations.” (Adapted from www.nytimes.com , January, 7th, 2016)
05. (ESPM SP) In the following sentence, taken from the text: And an 18-year-old black man from Chicago told the president that his brother’s life had been lost, as well as the lives of “countless family and friends” to gun violence, the boldfaced
A peaceful and prosperous world is one in which people can
fragment shows:
feel safe and secure in their homes, with their families and in
a) A grammatically accurate structure, except for the reported
their communities. It is a world in which they can feel confident in their country, their culture and in the family of nations and
speech. b) A past perfect being used as a result of the reported speech.
peoples on our common planet. Sometimes, for economic or
c) A passive voice and a past perfect being used as a result of
other personal reasons, people choose to leave their homes, to begin a new life in a new location. For better or worse, these
the reported speech. d) Passive voice and past perfect being used redundantly.
decisions are made as a matter of conscious choice.
e) A grammatically inaccurate structure in an informal context.
But when nature intervenes in the form of natural disasters,
Texto comum à questão 06 Leia a tirinha seguinte.
people’s homes are washed away, blown away, or shaken to the ground, uprooting entire communities. When war or civil unrest ravages a community, masses or people are forcibly displaced or simply flee to protect life and limb. At the extreme, they are left with only two options: death by privation, assault or genocide, or life in exile. One need only think of those forced to flee the violence in Darfur to glimpse the severity of their need. This is the situation of the refugees and the internally
A10 Discursos direto e indireto
<http://tinyurl.com/hbq57jx> Acesso em: 23.02.2016. Original colorido.
displaced today. In 2010, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) counted 43.3 million forcibly displaced people worldwide—the highest number
06. (Fatec SP) Imagine que você é o personagem do lado esquerdo
since the mid-1990s. This included 27.1 million internally
no último quadrinho da tirinha, e você está reportando ao seu
displaced persons (IDPs), 15.2 million refugees and 983,000
chefe o que o seu colega dissera.
asylum-seekers. Of the 15.2 million refugees, 10.4 million were
A alternativa que faz uso do Reported Speech corretamente para comunicar a fala do colega é a) He said that I don´t have time to stand here and argue with you all day! 750
under UNHCR’s responsibility, and 4.7 million were Palestinian refugees under the mandate of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). More than 26 million people—10.4 million refugees and 15.6
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
million IDPs— were receiving protection or assistance from
moment, I was obviously in 15 high spirits. Robbee wrote in her
UNHCR at the end of 2009, one million more than in 2008.
email: “You can never know how much that glimpse of you
By 2010, UNHCR had identified some 6.6 million stateless
made my day, 16 reminding me of what life is all about.”
persons in 60 countries. Yet it estimated that the overall
17
number of stateless persons worldwide could be far higher, at
feedback loop of sorts.
around 12 million.
18
Adapted from http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/refugees/ access in September 2015
07. (USF SP) Check the alternative which contains the sentence below in the reported speech form.
I read Robbee’s email several times. I came to look at it as a It has not always been easy to stay positive through my cancer
treatment. When you have a dire 19 medical issue, it’s tough to know how you’re really faring emotionally. I had wondered whether a part of me
20
was acting when I was with other
people. Maybe at times I forced myself to appear strong and upbeat. Many 21 cancer patients feel obliged to put up a brave front. Was I doing that, too? 22
But Robbee had come upon me in an unguarded moment.
I’d like to think she saw me as I am. She 23 certainly saw me as I was that evening. 24
Her mail was just a paragraph, but it meant a great deal to
me. She had given me a window into 25 myself. I was still fully engaged. I still knew life was good. I was doing OK. Fonte: PAUSCH, R. The last lecture. New York, Hyperion, 2008. p.64-65.
a) She asked how she would offer a room to a refugee. b) She asked: How did I offer a room to a refugee? c) She said she wanted to offer a room to a refugee. d) She asked how I offer a room to a refugee. e) She asked how she offered a room to a refugee.
found myself behind a man in a convertible”.
One morning, well after I was diagnosed with cancer, I got an
email from Robbee Kosak, Carnegie 2 Mellon’s vice president for advancement. She told me a story.
I found me behind a man in a convertible”.
was a warm, gorgeous, early-spring evening, and the man had his top down and all his 5 windows lowered. His arm was hanging over the driver’s side door, and his fingers were tapping along to the 6 music on his radio. His head was bobbing along, too, as the wind blew through his hair. Robbee changed lanes and pulled a little closer. From the side,
she could see that the man had a slight smile on his face, the 8
kind of absentminded smile a person might have when he’s all alone, happy in his own thoughts. Robbee found herself 9
thinking: “Wow, this is the epitome of a person appreciating this day 10 and this moment.” The convertible eventually turned the corner, and that’s
when Robbee got a look at the man’s full face. “Oh my God,” 12
she said to herself. “It’s Randy Pausch!”
found myself behind a man in a convertible”. d) She said: “I had driven home the night before, and I found myself behind a man in a convertible”. e) She said: “I was driving home from work yesterday, and I was finding myself behind a man in a convertible”. Texto comum à questão 09 Social media impacts real relationships Many couples have met through social media, which can be a great way to meet friends. There can be a downside, though, since chatting with friends on social media can pose risks to marriages and other relationships. Out of 50 couples married in the U.S. in 2011, at least one met through a social networking site, according to The Wedding Report. Social media sites are diversified in their functions, and starting intimate connections, whether marital or not, is just
She was so struck by the sight of me. She knew that my
one of them. However, four of five U.S. divorce attorneys say
cancer diagnosis was grim. And yet, as she wrote in her email,
they have seen a rise in cases with social networking involved,
she was moved by how contented I seemed. In this private
according to the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers.
13
14
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A10 Discursos direto e indireto
She said she had been driving home from work the night
11
b) She said: “I had been driving home from work last night, and c) She said: “I drove home yesterday night from work, and I had
before, and she found herself behind a man 4 in a convertible. It
7
a convertible” (Refs. 3 e 4), a formação correta quanto ao uso a) She said: “I was driving home from work last night, and I
THE MAN IN THE CONVERTIBLE
3
work the night before, and she found herself behind a man in do discurso direto é:
Texto comum à questão 08
1
08. (ITA SP) Na frase “She said she had been driving home from
Inglês
One consequence is the danger some relationships end up in
When Elif found that potatoes and mango peels are already
due to networking on social media sites. The word Facebook
used to make bio-plastic, that fact, combined with the
was included in more than a third of divorce filings last year,
knowledge that Thailand alone discards 200 tons of banana
according to a survey done by Divorce Online and reported on
peels per day motivated Elif to work on extracting the starch
by the Wall Street Journal.
and cellulose needed for bio-plastic production out of
“When we look at social media, I see it as changing relationships
banana peels.
in a couple of key ways,” said Rachna Jain, a psychologist by
Elif’s research took a couple of years, and her trials initially
training with clinical specialization in couple and marital therapy.
failed: the plastics created weren’t strong enough and decayed
“It is definitely another distraction from primary relationships.
too quickly. But her persistence paid off, since she obtained the
You see that when people are talking on Facebook, not to
result she was pursuing and this discovery made her win the
their partner, with them right there in the room. There is the
2013 Science in Action award, Google’s third $50,000 annual
possibility to go back in time. Facebook makes that really easy.”
competition. Now she’ll continue competing as a finalist in
Disponível em: <http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865576858/Social-media-impacts-real-relationships.html?pg=all>. Acesso em: 7 out. 2013. (Adaptado).
the Google Science Fair for the 15-16-year-old category, and
09. (UEG GO) Considerando os aspectos estruturais do texto, observa-se que a) na sequência However, four of five U.S. divorce attorneys say they have seen a rise in cases with social networking involved o termo em destaque indica adição e complementação. b) no discurso indireto, “I see it as changing relationships in a couple of key ways,” said Rachna Jain seria: Rachna Jain said that she sees it as changing relationships in a couple of key ways. c) na voz ativa, a senteça The word Facebook was included in more than a third of divorce filings last year seria: “More
She is enthusiastic that her discovery will make a difference to the planet: “The reason why I chose this particular aspect of science is that the bio-plastic is such a new concept and its range of use has been widening ever since it has been discovered (especially in the 21st century).” The young inventor’s dream is to attend medical school in the US and continue with projects concerning the environment, such as building a greenhouse made of waste materials. No doubt whatever Elif does, future generations will thank her. Disponível em: <http://eluxemagazine.com/people/elifbilgin/# sthash. kWg4Muw3.dpuf>. Acesso em: 18 fev. 2014. (Adaptado).
Glossário:
word Facebook”.
has thrilled: emocionou peels: cascas
which can be a great way to meet friends o pronome relativo
environment: meio ambiente
which refere-se, nesse contexto, à expressão Many couples.
starch: amido decayed: deterioraram
Texto comum à questão 10
paid off: compensou
ELIF BILGIN GOES BANANAS Sep 25 2013 Bloggers, People By Chiara Spagnoli Gabardi
Turkish teen Elif Bilgin has thrilled her teachers, parents and those who care about the planet by discovering a way to make bio-plastic from an item commonly found in our waste bins: banana peels. The 16 year old prodigy always showed promise
A10 Discursos direto e indireto
Mountain View campus in California.
than a third of divorce filings last year had included the d) na sequência Many couples have met through social media,
academically. From the 4th grade, she was put into a school for gifted children, where she was encouraged to develop her already advanced skills and talents. Since then, the teen has excelled at her studies and learned more about climate change and the environment. Somewhat alarmed at what she was discovering, she was determined to find an alternative to petroleum produced plastics.
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will travel, along with 14 other contenders, to the company’s
range of use: gama de uso 10. (UFG GO) The excerpt “The young inventor’s dream is to attend medical school in the US and continue with projects concerning the environment” in the last paragraph is written in direct speech as a) “If only I had attended medical school in the US and continued with projects concerning the environment.” b) “I wish I had attended medical school in the US and continued with projects concerning the environment.” c) “I wished I attended medical school in the US and continued with projects concerning the environment.” d) “I hope I attend medical school in the US and continue with projects concerning the environment.” e) “I would like to have attended medical school in the US and continued with projects concerning the environment.”
FRENTE
A
INGLÊS
MÓDULO A11
HOMÓFONOS E HOMÓGRAFOS
ASSUNTOS ABORDADOS
Leia o texto a seguir, que fala sobre a história da empresa de streaming Netflix, que se reinventou perante as mudanças no mercado e responda às questões que o seguem.
n Homófonos e homógrafos n Introdução n Homógrafos
VAR at the World Cup 2018: What is the technology being used in Russia and how does it work?
n Homófonos
Fonte: wikimedia commons
Videos could decide the result of the competition this year. And it will almost certainly prove controversial
The World Cup will put the greatest footballing nations on Earth to the test. But there is another trial happening, perhaps just as important and even more controversial: that of VAR, or the video assistant referee. The technology is being used at the World Cup for the first ever time, and has the potential to fundamentally change games. It could decide the future of the tournament, by reversing some of the most important refereeing decisions in the game. Proponents claim that VAR will ensure that decisions are fair and that the best team wins. But even those supporters admit that the technology is still at a very early stage – with supporters and referees still apparently confused about how it should actually be used. Despite that complexity, the technology is fundamentally incredibly simple: it is an extra referee who watches the game and advises officials on decisions. In practice, though, it might be very complicated indeed. How does it work? There are 13 officials who can be chosen as the video assistant referee. They will all sit in a special hub in Moscow – no matter where the game is happening – and they will do so wearing their full kit, as if they were ready to jump onto the pitch at any time. In there, they will receive a stream from inside the stadium, which is made up of the view from a whole host of cameras – including slow motion ones – which the referees can flick between. 753
Inglês
The VAR will watch the whole of each game. If they see something wrong, they can flag it to the referee; if the referee thinks something is wrong, he can get in touch with the VAR. Either way, the VAR is only advisory. Any decision ultimately rests with the referee, even if he has advised the opposite way by the VAR. What can spectators see? Perhaps the strangest and most confusing part of VAR is the fact that spectators won’t actually get to see any of the replays, or even necessarily know what is happening. At most, they’ll see the referee make the TV screen sign and perhaps head off to watch the pitch-side review. But viewers at home will get to see the same pictures the referees are being shown, so the decision should not be quite so shocking. (This only goes one way: the referees don’t get to see any broadcast images, or hear any commentary.) Why is it so controversial? It took a long time for VAR to be introduced. And that was partly because many people fear it could ruin the flow and feel of the game. Critics suggest that referees flagging up decisions using VAR – and then taking time to review footage and make their decision – could cause disruptions in play. And they also suggest that it will take away the important nuance that is part of refereeing, butting into matches to decide on any incident that relies on shades of grey. Proponents have dismissed that idea. Earlier this year, refereeing body PGMOL stressed that the system would only interrupt games when there were very clear problems – “the rule of thumb is essentially ‘if it’s not clear and obvious, leave it’, and ‘minimum interference, maximum benefit’,” The Independent’s Miguel Delaney wrote at the time.
A11 Homófonos e homógrafos
Gabarito discussão 01 O VAR servirá para garantir que o jogo seja justo e que a melhor equipe vença, apesar de estar em suas primeiras fases de uso e poder alterar o fluxo do jogo por meio de muitas interrupções. Ele ainda pode tirar uma parte importante do trabalho do juiz em capo, que é a decisão em momentos de pouca certeza. Gabarito discussão 02 Treze oficiais podem ser escolhidos como juiz assistente de vídeo. Eles se sentam em um lugar especial em Moscou, independente de onde acontece o jogo, cheios de apetrechos, como se estivessem prontos para entrar em campo a qualquer momento. Cada um dos treze é escolhido para um jogo diferente e conta com uma equipe de três assistentes. Lá, eles recebem o vídeo do que acontece dentro de campo, composto pela visão de várias câmeras, inclusive daquelas que filmam em slow motion, e eles podem mudar pelos vários ângulos. O VAR assistirá ao jogo inteiro e, se vir algo de errado, eles podem avisar ao juiz em campo. Se este concordar, pode entrar em contato com o VAR. De qualquer modo, o VAR é apenas uma sugestão, e a decisão ainda está na mão do juiz em campo.
At a friendly match between Italy and England just weeks ago, a bizarre decision saw the video referee award a penalty – but that fact came after minutes of unexplained contemplation, and was not very well communicated to spectators. That came after similar events at Tottenham, which saw Spurs have two games disallowed during an FA Cup game, but after a lengthy disruption to play. Officials might now be more used to using the technology, and working together. But we won’t know until a World Cup match is interrupted. (Andrew Griffin. In: Independent UK. Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/var-world-cup-2018-how-does-it-work-russia-decision-referee-video-a8397806.html>. Acesso em: 20 jun 2018. Modificado.)
DISCUSSÃO 01. O VAR foi implementado na Copa do Mundo de 2018, na Rússia. Quais são os prós e os contras descritos no texto sobre essa tecnologia? 02. Explique como funciona o VAR em português. 03. Do you think the VAR altered, for better or worse, viewers experience at all at the stadiums? Should people feel more observed than ever? Answer in English. 04. In your opinion, looking back to the World Cup in 2018, the VAR was useful or it should have been left alone? Why? Answer in English.
Gabarito discussão 03 Resposta pessoal. Gabarito discussão 04 Resposta pessoal.
Introdução Esta aula será um pouco diferente das outras deste livro: falaremos apenas sobre a definição de suas palavras homograph e homophone em inglês e como elas influenciam sua compreensão da língua inglesa.
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Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Homógrafos
Figura 01 - Dados sobre a palavra homograph no dicionário online Merriam-Webster.
Homógrafos são palavras que são escritas da mesma forma, mas são diferentes em significado ou em pronúncia. É o caso do verbo bow, ‘curvar-se’, e o substantivo bow, ‘arco’.
Homófonos
Fonte: wikimedia commons
Figura 02 - Dados sobre a palavra homograph no dicionário on-line Merriam-Webster.
Homófonos são palavras pronunciadas da mesma forma, porém com diferentes significados ou grafias. É o caso da preposição to, ‘para’, o advérbio too, ‘também’, e o número two, ‘dois’. Pelo fato de serem escritas ou pronunciadas da mesma maneira, essas palavras podem causar confusão para o leitor ou ouvinte menos preparado, que entenderá, no meio de uma frase palavras fora de contexto, como por exemplo:
Figura 03 - Em vez de I need two dual batteries, o ouvinte pode entender I need to duel batteries, que não faz sentido.
SAIBA MAIS
Nesta aula, não falaremos sobre pronúncia em inglês, pois este é um tema bastante amplo e complexo e necessita de bastante prática e aprofundamento. Caso tenha dúvidas da pronúncia de uma palavra, acesse o site www.forvo.com, em que há vários nativos pronunciando uma mesma palavra em diferentes línguas, principalmente inglês.
accept - take in
except - other than
ad - advertisement
add - join, combine
air - atmosphere
heir - one who inherits property
aisle - a passage
isle - island
altar - table in a church
alter - to change
ate - past tense of eat
eight - the number 8
band - a ring, something that binds
band - a group
banned - prohibited
bare - uncovered
bear - large animal
bear - support, yield
bases - starting points
bases - four stations on a baseball field
basis - a basic principle
A11 Homófonos e homógrafos
Veja abaixo uma lista com alguns homógrafos e homófonos comuns.
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Inglês
beat - exhausted
blew - past tense of blow
blue - the color
bread - baked food item
bred - produced
buy - purchase
by - near, through
bye - goodbye
capital - punishable by death
capital - chief city
capitol - building where legislature meets
cell - compartment
sell - vend
cent - penny coin
scent - an odor
cereal - breakfast food
serial - sequential
Chile- country in South America
chili - bean stew
chord - musical tone
cord - rope
cite - quote
site - location
close - opposite of open
clothes - clothing
conduct - behavior
conduct - to lead
council - committee
counsel - guidance
crews - gangs
cruise - ride on a boat
dear - darling
deer- woodland animal
desert - to abandon
desert - dry land
dessert - after-dinner treat
dew - morning mist
do - operate
due - payable
die - cease to exist
dye - color
discreet - tactful
discrete - distinct
dual - double
duel - battle
eminent - distinguished
imminent - soon
eye - sight organ
I - first-person personal pronoun
fair - equal
fare - price
feat - achievement
feet - plural of foot
flew - did fly
flu - illness
flour - powdery, ground up grain
flower - blooming plant
for - on behalf of
fore - front
forth - onward
fourth - number four
groan - moan
grown - form of grow
heal - mend
heel - back of foot
hear - to listen
here - at this place
hi - hello
high - up far
hole - opening
whole - entire
hour - sixty minutes
our - belonging to us
knew - did know
new - not old
knight - feudal horseman
night - evening
A11 Homófonos e homógrafos
beat - to strike, overcome
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beet - a plant with red roots
sent - past tense of send
chilly - frosty
sight - view
four - three plus one
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
not - negative
know - have knowledge
no - opposite of yes
made - did make
maid - servant
mail - postage
male - opposite of female
marry - to wed
merry - very happy
meat - animal protein
meet - encounter
morning - a.m.
mourning - remember the dead
one - single
won - did win
overdo - do too much
overdue - past due date
peace - calm
piece - segment
peak – highest point
peek - glance
patience - being willing to wait
patients - person treated in a hospital or by a doctor
pear - a type of fruit
pair - two (usually matching)
plain - ordinary
plane - flight machine plane; flat surface
pole - post
poll - survey
poor - not rich
pour - make flow
pray - implore God
prey - quarry
principal - most important
principle - belief
read - past tense of the verb to read
red - color
right - correct; not left
write - scribble
role - function
roll - rotate
rose - flower
rows - lines
scene - landscape
seen - viewed
sea - ocean segment
see - observe with eyes
son - male child
sun - the star that lights the solar system
some - a few
sum - amount
steal - swipe
steel - alloy
tail - animal’s appendage
tale - story
their - belonging to them
there - at that place
wait – kill time
weight - measurable load
way - path
weigh - measure mass
weak - not strong
week - seven days
wear - to don attire
where - question word
weather - climate
whether - if
which - that
witch - sorcerer
wood - material coming from trees
would - conditional auxiliary
your - belonging to you
you’re - you are
they’re - they are
A11 Homófonos e homógrafos
knot - tied rope
(Exemplos retirados de Thoughto.)
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Inglês
Exercícios de Fixação 01. (ThoughtCo.) Complete each of the following sentences by filling in the blank with the correct word. a) “He simply sat down on the ledge and forgot everything Except [acceptor except] the marvelous mystery.”_____ Lawrence Sargent Hall, “The Ledge.” The Hudson Review, 1960 b) “I live in the Oakland Hills in a tiny house on a street so windy you can’t drive more than ten miles per hour. I Ad [ad or add] said this: ‘Small rented it because the _____ house in the trees with a garden and a fireplace. Dogs welcome, of course.’” - Pam Houston, Waltzing the Cat. Washington Square Press, 1999 Aisle [aisle, c) “[T]he stewardess was moving down the _____ I’ll, or isle], like a trained nurse taking temperatures in a hospital ward, to see that they were all properly strapped in for the take-off.”- Martha Gellhorn, “Miami-New York.” The Atlantic Monthly, 1948 d) “In the long years between, she had fashioned many fine dresses—gowned gay girls for their conquests and robed fair brides for the _____ Altar [altar or alter].” - Mary Lerner, “Little Selves.” The Atlantic Monthly, 1915 e) “On a Saturday morning soon after he came to live with her, he turned over her garbage while she was at Ate [ate or eight] rancid bacon the grocery store and _____ drippings out of a small Crisco can.”- Pam Durban, “Soon.” The Southern Review, 1997 02. Escolha o homófono certo para completar o período. a) This is my favorite pare / pair / pear of jeans. Pair b) I sent / scent / cent a letter to my grandma in Russia. Sent c) Can I go to the party to / too / two? Too d) My brother is in a band / banned which plays Latin music. Band e) Nobody knows / nose what it’s like. knows 03. Corresponda os significados I ou II da segunda coluna com os períodos da primeira coluna.
a) II-I The Japanese Ambassador made a low bow ___ to the American one.
(I) decorative ribbon
Jane placed a bow ___ on the birthday wrap she made herself.
(II) bend at the waist
b) I-II I don’t know if I will live ___ or die.
(I) in real time performance
Last night I saw Stromae play live ___ in concert
(II) to have life
c) II-I All the students are present ___ today.
(I) give
The actor will present ___ the award tonight.
(II) here
d) I-II The dog sat close ___ to his owner.
(I) near
Please close ___ the window, it’s cold.
(II) shut
e) II-I The soldier received a wound ___ in the battle.
(I) tied around
The rope was wound ___ around his ankles.
(II) an injury
04. What is the homophone of plane in the sentence below? My pizza tasted pretty plain without pepperoni. Plain 05. What is the homograph that may complete the meanings below? __________: 1. (noun) a drop of liquid that comes from your eyes when crying. 2. (noun) a rip or a hole in something. 3. (verb) to pull apart by force, leaving irregular edges. Tear
A11 Homófonos e homógrafos
Exercícios Complementares 01. (UFPR) Consider the following excerpt: Difficulty interpreting what I have come to call ‘Ahorita Time’ is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time. Dr Company explained that if she is giving a talk in Mexico and goes over her allotted time, Mexicans “feel like I am giving them a gift”. In the UK or the US, however, “The audience starts to leave, feeling like I am wasting their time”. Choose the alternative that conveys the same meaning of the excerpt above. a) Mexicans tend to feel lack of respect when talks or
758
lectures go beyond the destined time frames. b) Dr Company believes that negative feelings from different audiences in talks are due to lack of language comprehension. c) People in different countries react differently to going over time in talks based on cultural backgrounds. d) In the US or the UK, it is customary for the audiences to stay over the allotted times of talks and lectures. e) The interpretation of time by Mexicans and people from different nationalities is a language barrier.
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Britain bans gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040 Britain will ban sales of new gasoline and diesel cars starting in 2040 as part of a bid to clean up the country’s air. The decision to phase out the internal combustion engine heralds a new era of low-emission technologies with major implications for the auto industry, society and the environment. “We can’t carry on with diesel and petrol cars”, U.K. environment secretary Michael Gove told the BBC on Wednesday. “There is no alternative to embracing new technology”. Almost 2.7 million new cars were registered in the U.K. in 2016, making it the second biggest market in Europe after Germany. Meeting the 2040 deadline will be a heavy lift. British demand for electric and fuel cell cars, as well as plug-in hybrids, grew 40% in 2015, but they only accounted for less than 3% of the market. Still, experts say sales of clean cars are likely to continue on their dramatic upward trajectory. The car industry says that demand for electric vehicles will only reach a tipping point once they’re cheaper to own than conventional vehicles. The deadline was announced by the government on Wednesday as part of a plan to reduce air pollution. The blueprint highlighted roughly £1.4 billion in government investment designed to help ensure that every vehicle on the road in Britain produces zero emissions by 2050. Gove said action was needed because gasoline and diesel engines contribute to health problems, “accelerate climate change, do damage to the planet and the next generation”. Roughly 40,000 deaths in Britain each year are attributable to outdoor air pollution, according to a study published last year by the Royal College of Physicians. Dirty air has been linked to cancer, asthma, stroke and heart disease, among other health issues. The problem is especially pronounced in big cities. London surpassed the European Union’s annual limit for nitrogen dioxide exposure just five days into the new year, according to King’s College. The university estimates that air pollution is responsible for 9,400 premature deaths in the city every year. The timeline for ending sales of internal combustion engines mirrors one proposed in early July by France. President Emmanuel Macron has given the auto industry the same deadline to make the switch to cleaner tech. “We are quite rightly in a position of global leadership when it comes to shaping new technology”, Gove said. But the auto industry, which supports over 800,000 jobs in the U.K., is wary of hard deadlines. Other countries have been even more ambitious than the U.K. India is planning to stop selling gas-powered vehicles by 2030. The German car industry and government officials will meet in early August to discuss the future of diesel engine technology. Manufacturers are trying to avoid diesel cars being banned from German towns and cities. (Disponível: <http://money.cnn.com/2017/07/26/news/uk-bans-gasoline-diesel-engines-2040/index.html>. Adaptado. Acesso: 26 de julho de 2017.)
02. (UFPR) Consider the following numbers: 1. 2.7 million new clean energy cars were registered in the U.K. in 2016. 2. 40,000 of British deaths yearly are said to be caused by pollution related diseases. 3. Car industry in Britain is cautious about having specific dates for banning internal combustion energy cars because it supports over 800.000 jobs in the UK. Mark the correct alternative. a) Only affirmative 3 is correct. b) Only affirmatives 1 and 2 are correct. c) Only affirmatives 1 and 3 are correct. d) Only affirmatives 2 and 3 are correct. e) Affirmatives 1, 2 and 3 are correct. 03. (UFPR) According to the text, choose the correct alternative. a) The number of cars sold in the UK have turned Great Britain into the most profitable car market in Europe. b) German manufacturers of cars are interested in banning diesel vehicles form German towns and cities, despite financial concerns. c) British government is willing to spend over 1,4 billion pounds in order to have only clean energy cars by 2050. d) France has set the year 2030 as its deadline to stop selling petrol and diesel cars. e) British government expects to reach zero emissions over twenty years after the 2040 deadline. 04. (UFPR) The main idea of the text is related to: a) The plan to ban the sales of internal combustion engine cars in Britain. b) France, Germany and India’s plans to ban the sales of electric cars. c) The concerns doctors have with the amount of air pollution produced by combustion engine cars. d) The British government concerns with the reduction of car sales. e) The concerns car manufacturing companies have in relation to the drops in sales. 05. (UFPR) Consider the following excerpt taken from the text: British demand for electric and fuel cell cars, as well as plug-in hybrids, grew 40% in 2015, but they only accounted for less than 3% of the market. Choose the alternative that conveys the same meaning of the excerpt above. a) In 2015, British clean energy car manufacturers dominated the automobile market. b) The search for plug-in hybrid cars is not as large as for electric and fuel cell cars. c) 40% of the cars sold in Britain in 2015 use clean energy. d) Only 3% of the car sales in the market refer to petrol energy vehicles. 759
A11 Homófonos e homógrafos
Texto comuns às questões 02, 03, 04 e 05
Inglês
e) In 2015, the majority of the cars sold in Britain were internal combustion energy vehicles. Texto comuns às questões 06, 07 e 08
A11 Homófonos e homógrafos
As growth slows in wealthy countries, Western food companies are aggressively expanding in developing nations, contributing to obesity and health problems. FORTALEZA, Brazil — Children’s squeals rang through the muggy morning air as a woman pushed a gleaming white cart along pitted, trashstrewn streets. She was making deliveries to some of the poorest households in this seaside city, bringing pudding, cookies and other packaged foods to the customers on her sales route. Celene da Silva, 29, is one of thousands of door-to-door vendors for Nestlé, helping the world’s largest packaged food conglomerate expand its reach into a quarter-million households in Brazil’s farthestflung corners. As she dropped off variety packs of Chandelle pudding, KitKats and Mucilon infant cereal, there was something striking about her customers: Many were visibly overweight, even small children. She gestured to a home along her route and shook her head, recalling how its patriarch, a morbidly obese man, died the previous week. “He ate a piece of cake and died in his sleep,” she said. Mrs. da Silva, who herself weighs more than 200 pounds, recently discovered that she had high blood pressure, a condition she acknowledges is probably tied to her weakness for fried chicken and the Coca-Cola she drinks with every meal, breakfast included. Nestlé’s direct-sales army in Brazil is part of a broader transformation of the food system that is delivering Westernstyle processed food and sugary drinks to the most isolated pockets of Latin America, Africa and Asia. As their growth slows in the wealthiest countries, multinational food companies like Nestlé, PepsiCo and General Mills have been aggressively expanding their presence in developing nations, unleashing a marketing juggernaut that is upending traditional diets from Brazil to Ghana to India. A New York Times examination of corporate records, epidemiological studies and government reports — as well as interviews with scores of nutritionists and health experts around the world — reveals a sea change in the way food is produced, distributed and advertised across much of the globe. The shift, many public health experts say, is contributing to a new epidemic of diabetes and heart disease, chronic illnesses that are fed by soaring rates of obesity in places that struggled with hunger and malnutrition just a generation ago. The new reality is captured by a single, stark fact: Across the world, more people are now obese than underweight. At the same time, scientists say, the growing availability of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods is generating a new type of malnutrition,
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one in which a growing number of people are both overweight and undernourished. “The prevailing story is that this is the best of all possible worlds — cheap food, widely available. If you don’t think about it too hard, it makes sense,” said Anthony Winson, who studies the political economics of nutrition at the University of Guelph in Ontario. A closer look, however, reveals a much different story, he said. “To put it in stark terms: The diet is killing us.” Even critics of processed food acknowledge that there are multiple factors in the rise of obesity, including genetics, urbanization, growing incomes and more sedentary lives. Nestlé executives say their products have helped alleviate hunger, provided crucial nutrients, and that the company has squeezed salt, fat and sugar from thousands of items to make them healthier. But Sean Westcott, head of food research and development at Nestlé, conceded obesity has been an unexpected side effect of making inexpensive processed food more widely available. “We didn’t expect what the impact would be,” he said. Part of the problem, he added, is a natural tendency for people to overeat as they can afford more food. Nestlé, he said, strives to educate consumers about proper portion size and to make and market foods that balance “pleasure and nutrition.” There are now more than 700 million obese people worldwide, 108 million of them children, according to research published recently in The New England Journal of Medicine. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in 73 countries since 1980, contributing to four million premature deaths, the study found. By ANDREW JACOBS and MATT RICHTEL The New York Times SEPT. 16, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com
06. (UECE CE) According to the text, the huge change in the way food is produced and distributed worldwide is one of the reasons for the a) thousands of premature deaths in India. b) use of crucial nutrients in popular foods. c) healthy diet in isolated pockets in Africa. d) increase of chronic diseases, like diabetes. 07. (UECE CE) Nowadays there is a new kind of malnutrition, and scientists believe it is caused by a) foods that are rich in calories and poor in nutrients. b) popular drinks and hamburgers. c) the use of salt and gluten in processed food. d) bad advice from scores of nutritionists. 08. (UECE CE) Among the multiple factors that contribute to the increase of obesity, the text includes a) the big size of sandwiches and hamburgers. b) many hours in front of the TV screen. c) the intake of beer, peanut butter, and potato chips. d) urbanization and sedentarism.
FRENTE
A
INGLÊS
MÓDULO A12
PRONOMES DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO E RECIPROCIDADE Leia o texto a seguir, que fala sobre a decisão da plataforma on-line de vídeos YouTube de dificultar a monetização de seus usuários e responda às questões que o seguem.
ASSUNTOS ABORDADOS n Pronomes de distribuição e re-
ciprocidade
n Introdução n Determinantes
YouTube is trying to clean itself up by making it much harder for small video makers to make money
YouTube is going to make it harder for small video makers to make money. The world’s largest video site will kick thousands of people out of its ad revenue-sharing program, and will make it much harder for new ones to get into the program. The change, which goes into effect today, is one of YouTube’s responses to a year of criticism it has generated for a series of scandals involving questionable and offensive content that has appeared on the site. 761
Inglês
Another change, as Recode reported last week: An overhaul of YouTube’s “Google Preferred” program, which is already aimed at creating ad-friendly sections of the site for marketers. Most important is a pledge from YouTube that every single video in its Preferred program — including the thousands of clips uploaded so far — will be approved by a human “for their compliance with our advertiser-friendly guidelines.” The changes won’t prevent people from uploading offensive content to YouTube, which hoovers up hundreds of hours of new video per minute. But they are meant to make it hard for the people who upload that stuff to make money from it. And they are an important symbolic change for YouTube, which was founded on the idea that anyone can use the platform, and has spent years trying to entice video makers to find audiences and create careers on the site. YouTube’s new rules require anyone who wants to generate ad dollars on the platform to first generate 4,000 hours of “watchtime” over a 12-month period, and to attract at least 1,000 subscribers. That replaces a lower hurdle of 10,000 lifetime views, which the site instituted last spring, after a first wave of negative stories about rogue content. The rules are retroactive for existing YouTube “partners,” who share ad revenue with the platform, which means that the site will kick some out of the rev-share program after a 30-day grace period. But YouTube does say that most people who are being kicked out weren’t making much money to begin with: “99 percent of those affected were making less than $100 per year in the last year, with 90 percent earning less than $2.50 in the last month,” the company says in a post credited to chief product officer Neal Mohan and chief business officer Robert Kyncl. Gabarito discussão 01 A TV channel is a multimillionaire company that has a very strict police and brand and it is hard for an individual creator to change it, so people usually have to adapt their ideas to the brand. Also, it must be rentable or it will be shut down. Making videos for YouTube professionally also requires a brand and revenue, but it is in the hands of the creator him or herself, who can create whatever he or she wants and change it when it is necessary.
A12 Pronomes de distribuição e reciprocidade
Gabarito discussão 02 A política para se gerar renda provinda de propaganda na plataforma requer que o canal primeiro alcance, no mínimo, 4.000 horas de visualização do conteúdo e 1.000 inscritos. As regras são retroativas para os já existentes criadores geradores de renda, que, se não atingirem as condições estabelecidas, deixarão de receber a renda após um período de 30 dias. Gabarito discussão 03 Resposta pessoal. Gabarito discussão 04 Resposta pessoal.
The idea: If you’re serious about making stuff — and money — on YouTube, no problem. But this will theoretically make it harder for people to game the system. (Peter Kafka. In: CNBC. Disponível em: < https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/16/youtube-is-trying-to-clean-itself-up-by-making-it-much-harder-for-small-video-makers-to-make-money.html >. Acesso em: 20 jun 2018. Modificado.)
DISCUSSÃO 01. What is the difference between making content to a TV channel and to a YouTube channel? Answer in English. 02. Faça um breve resumo em português da política da plataforma descrita no texto. 03. Do you watch more YouTube or TV content (it also includes streaming services such as Netflix and Amazon Prime)? Why? Answer in English. 04. A plataforma YouTube já recebeu várias críticas devido à irresponsabilidade de alguns de seus maiores criadores, que filmaram e postaram vídeos ofensivos à sociedade. O que você acha sobre o fato da plataforma, que preza pela liberdade de criação de qualquer pessoa, oferecer dificuldade para seus menores criadores receber pelo seu trabalho ? Pese prós e contras em inglês.
Introdução Nesta aula, estudaremos os pronomes de distribuição, que se referem a membros de um grupo como indivíduos em vez de tratar da coletividade. Assim, relembraremos os determinantes each e every, cujos usos permitem inferir do contexto se queremos enfatizar uma totalidade ou um indivíduo, se falamos de duas ou mais pessoas ou coisas. Aprenderemos a usar either, neither e none. Por fim, relembraremos a diferença entre os pronomes de reciprocidade each other e one another. 762
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Determinantes Each e every são dois determinantes usados com substantivos no singular para indicar quantidade. Each indica dois objetos ou duas pessoas, e every, três ou mais. Costuma-se usar each quando se pensam em membros de um grupo individualmente e every quando se pensam neles em uma totalidade, mesmo que ambos signifiquem ‘cada’ no sentido de todos. I felt like everthing hurt after I went to the gym: each leg and each arm felt broken inside; every time someone volunteers is priceless. Uso somente de every: n
Com advérbios, almost, nearly, practically, para enfatizar o grupo sobre que estamos falando em sua totalidade: Almost every person in my classroom has finished the exam;
n
Para eventos repetidos: I drink a bottle of water every hour;
n
Junto com as palavras thing, body, one, where, em cujo every adiciona a ideia de totalidade a essas palavras: he’s a stalker, he is everywhere.
Uso somente de each: n
Como pronome, no lugar de substantivos: each of us in this group has a secret;
n
Com a palavra other, formando-se um pronome de reciprocidade que indica uma relação entre duas pessoas: the newlyweds kissed each other.
Para mencionar a reciprocidade entre três ou mais pessoas, usamos one another: at that party, everone talked to one another.
Fonte: wikimedia commons
A12 Pronomes de distribuição e reciprocidade
Either é um determinante utilizado para indicar a escolha entre duas alternativas, e neither serve para indicar a negação de duas alternativas:
Either cake is fine by me. (= I could eat whichever one you choose) Neither cake is fine by me. (= I don’t want any of them) Note que o substantivo, que acompanha ambos os determinantes, está no singular. Quando either e neither substituem substantivos, eles se tornam pronomes: 763
Fonte: wikimedia commons
Inglês
Either of you can come with me. (= Any of the two people that I’m talking to can come with me.) Neither of you can come with me. (= The two people that I’m talking to cannot come with me.)
Quando há mais de duas alternativas, usa-se any ou none, respectivamente para substituir either ou neither.
Exercícios de Fixação 01. Complete cada período abaixo com each ou every. a) ______ of you is special to me. Each b) ______ baby in the nursery was crying. Every A12 Pronomes de distribuição e reciprocidade
c) ______where she goes, I’ll go. Every d) To ______ his own. Each e) ______ man for himself. Every 02. Complete cada período abaixo com either, any, neither ou none. a) _______ of the soccer players could score. The match ended 0x0. None b) _______ soccer player has the ability to score a gol. Any
other e one another.
‘Each other’ is used to describe a reciprocal action between two people. ‘One another’ is also to describe a reciprocal action, but between more than two people.
04. Crie quarto exemplos de períodos que utilizem each, every, either e neither. Resposta pessoal. 05. Complete os períodos abaixo com each, every, either, neither e none. a) I want _____ of your excuses! None b) _____ blue or black pen is fine, just give me one already. Either c) The little girl chose ___________ of the ice creams, she preferred a piece of pie. Neither
c) _______ girl of the twins can sing, you’ll see. Either
d) _____ minute I spend with you is fun. Every
d) _______ twin wanted to eat. Neither
e) The cats licked ______ other and it was so cute! Each
e) _______ newlywed wanted to leave the party. Neither
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03. Explique, suscintamente e em inglês, a diferença entre each
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Exercícios Complementares
BRISTEN HOUGHTON Adaptado de twitter.com.
01. (UERJ) The texts “O poder criativo da imperfeição” and “Our (im)perfect bodies” discuss the concept of perfection, using examples from their respective areas. The sentence that best represents the idea discussed in both texts is: a) Nothing is perfect. b) Practice makes perfect. c) You either become perfect or die trying. d) Let the perfect be the enemy of the good. Texto comum às questões 02 e 03
Alcohol is the Goldilocks of the nutrition world. Too 2 much can be destructive to your health, raising your 3 blood pressure and your risk of developing several kinds 4 of cancer. Too little may hold you back from some of the 5 benefits that moderate drinkers enjoy, like lower incidence 6 of cardiovascular disease, mortality and type-2 diabetes. 7 Researchers from Ben-Gurion University of the 8 Negev in Israel wanted to look at how safe and effective 9 it is for a specific group of people — those with 10 well-controlled type-2 diabetes and who had a low risk 11 for alcohol abuse — to drink moderately. People with 12 type-2 diabetes are more likely than the general 13 population to develop cardiovascular disease and have 14 lower levels of heart-protective HDL cholesterol, the 15 authors note. 16 They chose 224 people who fit this profile, and who 17 didn’t drink wine currently, then assigned them to start 18 drinking one of three things. At dinner, the people in the 19 study were told to drink five ounces of one of the following 1
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A12 Pronomes de distribuição e reciprocidade
Our (Im)perfect bodies Since I write a lot about positive body image, you’d think that I am well over the idea that weight 2 should be something that I allow to define my life. Yet, the vestiges of my past life as a woman 3 obsessed with weight still linger. A good example is vacation pictures. If I show you pictures of all 4 the places I have been in my Iife, I can give you minute details about the place itself, the food, the 5 sights and the weather. I can also tell you something else simply by looking at those pictures: the 6 exact number on the scale I was at that particular time in my life. 7 Sometimes my past catches up with me. I like to think of myself as a recovering weight-a-holic. 8 The fear of being overweight is a constant one of despair at not being personally successful in 9 controlling your own body. What good is being in control of finances, major companies and 10 businesses if you’re not in control of your body?! Silly idea, right? And yet that is exactly the 11 unconscious thought many intelligent women have. 12 Feeling satisfied with your appearance makes a tremendous amount of difference in how you 13 present yourself to the world. Some women live their entire lives on their perception of their 14 physical selves. But I’ve been there, done that. The hell with that idea! Personally, I became tired 15 of living my Iife this way. 16 My friend is an art historian who specializes in the Renaissance period. Talking with him recently gave 17 me a perspective on body image. As we walked through the permanent exhibit of Renaissance 18 Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, he pointed out the paintings done of women. 19 The women came in all sizes, all shapes. Some were curvier than others, but all were beautiful. 20 Some had what we refer to as love handles; some had soft, fuller stomachs that had never suffered 21 through crunches in a gym. Though I had seen them many times, it was actually refreshing to view 22 them in a new light. 23 We are led to believe our self-worth must be a reflection of our looks. So, in essence, if we don’t 24 believe we look good, we assume we have no worth! Yet, self-worth should have nothing to do 25 with looks and everything to do with an innate feeling that you really are worth it. You are worth 26 going after your dreams, you are worth being in a good relationship, you are worth living a life that 27 fulfills and nourishes you, and you are certainly worthy of being a successful woman. 28 There is a quote attributed to Michelangelo that I’ve always admired. When a friend complimented 29 him on the glorious Sistine Chapel, the great artist, referring to his art 1
in the feminine form, was 30 said to have replied: “She is worthy of admiration simply because she exists; perfection and 31 imperfection together”.
Fonte: wikimedia commons
Texto comum à questão 01
Inglês
beverages: mineral water, dry white wine or dry red wine. Under the guidance of dietitians, they also followed a 22 Mediterranean diet without calorie restrictions — and 23 kept it up for two years. 24 Intermittently, they took questionnaires and were 25 subjected to follow-ups, including blood draws at the 26 start of the study, six months in and at 24 months, so 27 the scientists could look at biomarkers of glycemic 28 control, lipids and liver function. 29 They found that the red wine drinkers had 30 significantly increased their levels of good HDL cholesterol 31 and had a more beneficial cholesterol ratio compared to 32 the group that drank water. They were also the only group 33 to experience a significant drop in components of 34 metabolic syndrome. People who drank either red or 35 white wine also reported better sleep quality than the 36 group that drank water, and the researchers found no 37 significant adverse effects with any group. 38 (It’s worth making it explicit that those who drank 39 alcohol, drank just one glass per night, with meals.) 20 21
The truce “bubbled up from the ranks” despite edicts against fraternization, says historian Stanley Weintraub, whose book Silent Night tells the story. After shouted exchanges promising, “You no shoot, we no shoot,” some erstwhile enemies serenaded each other with carols. Others emerged from trenches to shake hands and share a smoke. Many agreed to extend the peace into Christmas Day, so they could meet again and bury their dead. Each side helped the other dig graves and hold memorials; at one, a Scottish chaplain led a bilingual recitation of the 23rd Psalm. Troops shared food and gifts sent from home, traded uniform buttons as souvenirs, and competed in soccer matches. “No one there wanted to continue the war,” Weintraub says. But the top brass did, and threatened to punish troops shirking duty. As the new year began, both sides “went on with the grim business at hand,” Weintraub says. But they fondly recalled the truce in letters home and diary entries: “How marvelously wonderful,” a German soldier wrote, “yet how strange.” Adaptado de: Patricia Edmonds. National Geographic. December 2014.
Disponível em: <By Mandy Oaklander time.com/4070762/redwineresveratrol- diabetes/>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2016.
Vocabulário: shoot – atirar; truce – trégua; grim – horrível, repugnante; erstwhile – antigo.
02. (INTA - Inst. Superior de Tecn. Aplicada CE) According to the study, the healthy amount of alcohol seems to be a) a glass of dry wine before lunch. b) half a glass of red wine at dinnertime. c) a nightly glass of wine with dinner. d) half a bottle of white wine per week. e) a glass of wine, either red or white, on an empty stomach.
04. (UEPG PR) A sentença “You no shoot, we no shoot.” (segundo parágrafo) não está gramaticalmente correta. Nas alternativas abaixo, assinale aquela(s) que, sem prejuízo do sentido, a tornam correta. 15 01. If you don’t shoot, we won’t shoot. 02. Don’t shoot, and we won’t shoot either. 04. We promise not to shoot at you if you don’t shoot at us. 08. Let’s not shoot at each other.
03. (INTA - Inst. Superior de Tecn. Aplicada CE) Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False). About the people who took part in the research mentioned in the text, it’s correct to say: ( ) They had to go on a very strict diet. ( ) All of them were not likely to have problems with alcohol abuse. ( ) They were told to drink wine together with lots of mineral water every night. ( ) They had blood tests three times during the experiment. A12 Pronomes de distribuição e reciprocidade
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is a) T T T T c) F T T F e) T F T F b) F T F T d) T F F T Texto-comum à questão 04 THE CHRISTMAS TRUCE In December 1914 invading German troops and the defending Allies were dug in along battle lines in Belgium and France. From sodden trenches soldiers shot at each other across a no-man’s- land strewn with injured and dead comrades. But on December 24, at points along that western front, Germans placed lighted trees on trench parapets and the Allies joined them in an impromptu peace: the Christmas truce of World War I, a hundred years ago this month. 766
Texto comum à questão 05 In 2011, following the 17th session of its 47-country-strong human rights council, the U.N. announced that it considered Internet access a human right. Four years later, more than half of the world’s population still doesn’t have regular access. For all its good intentions, the U.N. has no way of forcing either the world’s governments or corporations to bring connectivity to the huge swaths of the planet that remain offline. But two of the world’s biggest tech companies, Google and Facebook, have taken up the challenge and launched projects to provide universal Internet access. In a blog published October 28, Google announced that Indonesia’s top three mobile-network providers will begin testing its project to deliver the Internet to the whole world. A few weeks before Google made its Indonesia plans public, Facebook co-founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced that his company was partnering with satellite operator Eutelsat, headquartered in France, to deliver Internet from space. While Facebook’s and Google’s projects have excited many in the tech community, critics have noted that the two companies stand to benefit from them. Though both say they hope the technology will help lift people out of poverty, by getting more people online, the two ad-supported businesses will also ensure there’s a new supply of consumers for advertisers to target.
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Though their efforts may ultimately benefit their own bottom lines, the two tech giants’ attempts to connect 4.2 billion people to the Internet seem likely to have real long-term benefits, such as providing access to educational software; employment opportunities; and online health care, financial and commercial services. And that may mean that sooner rather than later, most people in the world will be online. Source: Newsweek (Adapted from: http://www.newsweek.com/, Nov/2015)
05. (FCM PB) In the sentence: “For all its good intentions, the U.N. has no way of forcing either the world’s governments or corporations to bring connectivity to the huge swaths of the planet that remain offline.” the words in bold could be respectively best replaced by: a) obliging, continue. d) discovering, stay. b) ending, encourage. e) cooperative, return. c) pointing, last. Texto comum à questão 06 Air strikes in Iraq A time to act
around the world, he said. But when America has a mandate, as it does in this case, after being asked for help by the Iraqi government, and when it has “the unique capabilities to help avert a massacre”, then his country could not “turn a blind eye”. Aug 8th 2014 | www.economist.com
06. (ESPM SP) According to the text, a) in order to convince the American spectators, already sick of wars, Obama said the military action had a humanitarian appeal. b) there will be air raids unless jihadists become a menace to American diplomats and soldiers. c) the people who have got stuck in the mountains have no choice: they may either starve to death or be arrested by the Islam fundamentalists, if Americans don’t act soon. d) Americans gave the Kurdish fighters water and food so they reported whether these were safely received. e) America has a mandate granted by the Iraq administration to avoid the genocide of a minority in the mountains. Texto comum à questão 07
OVERCOMING his deep wariness of overseas entanglements, President Barack Obama has authorised American generals to launch air strikes in Iraq against the fanatical jihadists of the Islamic State (IS). The first strike was carried out on August 8th within 12 hours of the president’s announcement, and involved the bombing of a mobile IS artillery piece near Erbil, capital of the autonomous Kurdish region in the country’s north. Seeking to reassure a war-weary public, the president described two tightly defined missions that would trigger air attacks. First, the president told his public in a late-night address from the White House, warplanes would strike convoys of IS fighters if they threaten either American diplomats and troops stationed in Erbil or Baghdad. Second, air strikes might be used to break an IS siege of thousands of civilians from the minority Yazidi sect, who have been trapped in mountains near the city of Sinjar without food and water, facing threats of mass slaughter from IS forces waiting below. American transport planes dropped bundles of food and water onto the Sinjar mountains, with Kurdish peshmerga fighters on a nearby hilltop able to report that most were safely received— though more will doubtless be needed. Mr Obama cast the operations in glowingly humanitarian terms. America cannot and should not intervene in every crisis
THE FEMININE TOUCH
By Niki Wilson
1 Slipper limpets, a type of sea snail [caracol], have evolved a reproductive strategy that makes the most of their size at different points in their lifetime. Smaller limpets are males, their tiny stature no barrier to producing energy-cheap sperm. Once larger, the limpets transition to females capable of investing energy into producing and sheltering multiple eggs. 2 The exact size at which this sex change occurs varies between individuals. The presence of other slipper limpets can trigger or delay the change, but the mechanism behind this social influence has been unclear. A new study from biologists Rachel Collin and Allan Carrillo-Baltodano at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama provides the first step in solving this puzzle. 3 The researchers hypothesized that slipper limpets affect each other either via a waterborne chemical cue, which is a prevalent mode of signaling among aquatic species, or via direct contact. They tested these possibilities in an experiment in which pairs of male limpets, one small and one large, were kept in plastic cups. In some cups the snails were free to touch each other, but in others a mesh screen separated the two, while still allowing water to flow between their compartments. 4 It turned out that when limpets were allowed to touch one another, the larger males grew more quickly and generally changed into females faster than large males in the partitioned cups. The smaller snails in the contact condition also delayed sex change longer than those partitioned. Physical touch between individuals, not chemical messages carried through the water, thus plays an important role in timing the sex transition. 5 “That was kind of a surprise,” says Collin, given that slipper limpets spend most of their lives stationary and filter-feeding. “What we don´t know is how that contact is facilitating transition.” Adapted from Natural History March 2016.
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A12 Pronomes de distribuição e reciprocidade
Fonte: wikimedia commons
by Lexington
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07. (FGV) The article provides information to support all of the following except a) if slipper limpets did not grow, they could not reproduce. b) slipper limpets neither give nor receive chemical messages. c) although slipper limpets are essentially stationary, some of them find a way to make physical contact with one another. d) large slipper limpets are often female. e) at birth, all slipper limpets are male. Texto comum à questão 08 Xerox and the Icarus Paradox Schilling, Melissa A. Strategic Management of Technological Innovation, Mc GrawHill International Edition, Fourth Edition
A12 Pronomes de distribuição e reciprocidade
According to Greek mythology, when King Minos imprisoned the crafstman Daedalus and his son Icarus, Daedalus built wings of wax and feathers so that he and his son could fly to their escape. Icarus was so enthralled by his wings and drawn to the light of the sun that despite his father’s warning, he flew too high. The sun melted his wings, crashing Icarus to death in the sea. This was the inspiration for the now well-known Icarus Paradox – that which you excel at can ultimately be your undoing. Success can engender overconfidence, carelessness, and an unquestioning adherence to one’s way of doing things. For example, in the 1960s and 1970s, Xerox had such a stranglehold on the photocopier market that it did not pay much attention when new Japanese competition began to infiltrate the market for smaller, inexpensive copiers. Xerox management did not believe competitors would ever be able to produce machines comparable to Xerox’s quality and cost. However, Xerox was dangerously wrong. By the mid-1970s, Xerox was losing market share to the Japanese at an alarming rate. When Canon introduced a copier that sold for less than Xerox’s manufacturing costs, Xerox knew it was in trouble and had to engage in a major benchmarking and restructuring effort to turn the company around. 08. (IME RJ) What Icarus and the Xerox have in common is that a) both were advised by someone else about their risky behavior, and neither of them took it seriously. b) overconfidence and lack of attention led to negative effects. c) benchmarking was the alternative for the company as it would be for the mythological character. d) in both cases, the comfort zone would not actually cause any loss. e) they had outperformed others in just one aspect when they ventured at something new. Texto comum à questão 09 Harry Houdini – Magician (1874-1926) 01 Famed magician and entertainer Harry Houdini was born Erich Weisz on March 24, 1874, in Budapest, Hungary. 02 One of seven children born to a Jewish rabbi and his wife, Erich moved 768
with his family as a child to Appleton, 03 Wisconsin, where he later claimed he was born. When he was 13, Erich moved with his father to New York City, 04 taking on odd jobs and living in a boarding house before the rest of the family joined them. It was there that he 05 became interested in trapeze arts. 06 In 1894, Erich launched his career as a professional magician and renamed himself Harry Houdini, the first 07 name being a derivative of his childhood nickname, “Ehrie,” and the last an homage to the great French magician 08 Jean Eugène RobertHoudin. Though his magic met with little success, he soon drew attention for his feats of escape 09 using handcuffs. In 1893, Houdini married fellow performer Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner, who would serve as his 10 lifelong stage assistant.11 In 1899, Houdini’s act caught the attention of Martin Beck, an entertainment manager who soon got him booked 12 at some of the best vaudeville* theaters in the country, followed by a tour of Europe. Houdini’s feats would involve the 13 local police, who would search him for keys, chain his wrists, and lock him in their jails. The show was a huge 14 sensation, and he soon became the highest-paid performer in American vaudeville. 15 Houdini continued his act in the United States in the early 1900s, constantly making it more challenging, moving 16 from handcuffs and straitjackets to locked water-filled tanks and nailed packing wooden boxes. In 1912, his act 17 reached its pinnacle with the Chinese Water Torture Cell, which would be the hallmark of his career, and from then on 18 he became a legend. In it, Houdini was suspended by his feet and lowered upside-down in a locked glass cabinet 19 filled with water, requiring him to hold his breath for more than three minutes to escape. The performance was so 20 daring and such a crowdpleaser that it remained in his act until his death in 1926. 21 __________ there are mixed reports as to the cause of Harry Houdini’s death, it is certain that he suffered from 22 acute appendicitis. Whether his death was caused by a McGill University student who was testing his will by 23 punching him in the stomach (with permission) or by poison from a band of angry Spiritualists, it is unknown. What is 24 known is that he died of peritonitis from a ruptured appendix on October 31, 1926, at the age of 52, in Detroit, 25 Michigan. 26 After his death, Houdini’s props and effects were used by his brother Theodore Hardeen, who eventually sold 27 them to magician and collector Sidney H. Radner. Much of the collection could be seen at the Houdini Museum in 28 Appleton, Wisconsin, and remained there until Radner auctioned it off in 2004. Most of the prized pieces, including 29 the Chinese Water Torture Cell, went to magician David Copperfield.*vaudeville: espetáculo de variedades Disponível em: <http://www.biography.com/people/harry-houdini40056#synopsis>. Acesso em: 23 jul. 14. (Parcial e adaptado.)
09. (UCS RS) Assinale a alternativa que completa adequadamente a lacuna no texto, na referência 21. a) Whenever d) Though b) Neither e) Unless c) Instead of
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Exercícios de Aprofundamento 01. (Fundação Instituto de Educação de Barueri SP) You Can 3D Print Your Own Mini Universe By Hanneke Weitering, Space.com Staff Writer- Producer
Have you ever wondered what the universe looks like in all of its entirety, or how it would feel to hold the universe in the palm of your hand? Good news: It is now possible to do both of these things — all you need is a 3D printer. Researchers at the Imperial College London have created the blueprints for 3D printing the universe, and have provided the instructions online so anyone with access to a 3D printer can print their own miniature universe. The researchers’ representation of the universe specifically depicts the cosmic microwave background (CMB), or a glowing light throughout the universe that is thought to be leftover radiation from the Big Bang, when the universe was born about 13.8 billion years ago. (http://www.livescience.com/56714-3dprinted-miniuniverse.html, Nov. 1, 2016)
The pronoun its in the first paragraph refers to: a) things d) wondered b) hand e) like c) universe Texto comum à questão 02 Vast majority of certain Amazon communities suffer from mercury poisoning March 30, 2016
The indigenous communities living in the northern Brazilian and southern Venezuelan parts of the Amazon are suffering from mercury poisoning. According to a study, almost all of the water and food sources in the specific part of the Amazon is contaminated with mercury. The researchers took hair samples from the indigenous people living in the region and found out that over ninety percent of the people living in the 19 Yanomami and Yekuana communities there, are suffering from mercury poisoning. The main reason behind the mercury poisoning is the numerous illegal mining activities taking place in the Amazon. The study suggests that the mercury comes from illegal gold mines operating in the region, which pollute rivers during the gold extraction process. However, the diet of the people living in the Amazon relies on the rivers as they drink river water and mainly feed with river fishes. (https://neurope.eu. Adaptado.)
02. (UEAM) Para constatar o envenenamento por mercúrio, os pesquisadores analisaram a) os peixes da região. b) amostras de fios de cabelo. c) os alimentos consumidos. d) a água dos rios. e) a extração de ouro. Texto comum à questão 03 Brazil plowed billions of dollars into building a railroad across arid backlands, only for the long-delayed project to fall prey to metal scavengers. Curvaceous new public buildings designed by the famed architect Oscar Niemeyer were abandoned right after being constructed. There was even an ill-fated U.F.O. museum built with federal funds. Its skeletal remains now sit like a lost ship among the weeds. As Brazil sprints to get ready for the World Cup in June, it has run up against a catalog of delays, some caused by deadly construction accidents at stadiums, and cost overruns. It is building bus and rail systems for spectators that will not be finished until long after the games are done. But the World Cup projects are just a part of a bigger national problem casting a pall over Brazil’s grand ambitions: an array of lavish projects conceived when economic growth was surging that now stand abandoned, stalled or wildly over budget. Some economists say the troubled projects reveal a crippling bureaucracy, irresponsible allocation of resources and bastions of corruption. Huge street protests have been aimed at costly new stadiums being built in cities like Manaus and Brasília, whose paltry fan bases are almost sure to leave a sea of empty seats after the World Cup events are finished, adding to concerns that even more white elephants will emerge from the tournament. “The fiascos are multiplying, revealing disarray that is regrettably systemic,” said Gil Castello Branco, director of Contas Abertas, a Brazilian watchdog group that scrutinizes public budgets. “We’re waking up to the reality that immense resources have been wasted on extravagant projects when our public schools are still a mess and raw sewage is still in our streets.” The growing list of troubled development projects includes a $3.4 billion network of concrete canals in the drought-plagued hinterland of northeast Brazil — which was supposed to be finished in 2010 — as well as dozens of new wind farms idled by a lack of transmission lines and unfinished luxury hotels blighting Rio de Janeiro’s skyline. Economists surveyed by the nation’s central bank see Brazil’s 769
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economy growing just 1.63 percent this year, down from 7.5 percent in 2010, making 2014 the fourth straight year of slow growth. President Dilma Rousseff’s supporters contend that the public spending has worked, helping to keep unemployment at historical lows and preventing what would have been a much worse economic slowdown had the government not pumped its considerable resources into infrastructure development. Still, a growing chorus of critics argues that the inability to finish big infrastructure projects reveals weaknesses in Brazil’s model of state capitalism. First, they say, Brazil gives extraordinary influence to a web of state-controlled companies, banks and pension funds to invest in ill-advised projects. Then other bastions of the vast public bureaucracy cripple projects with audits and lawsuits. “Some ventures never deserved public money in the first place,” said Sérgio Lazzarini, an economist at Insper, a São Paulo business school, pointing to the millions in state financing for the overhaul of the Glória hotel in Rio, owned until recently by a mining tycoon, Eike Batista. The project was left unfinished, unable to open for the World Cup, when Mr. Batista’s business empire crumbled last year. “For infrastructure projects which deserve state support and get it,” Mr. Lazzarini continued, “there’s the daunting task of dealing with the risks that the state itself creates.” The Transnordestina, a railroad begun in 2006 here in northeast Brazil, illustrates some of the pitfalls plaguing projects big and small. Scheduled to be finished in 2010 at a cost of about $1.8 billion, the railroad, designed to stretch more than 1,000 miles, is now expected to cost at least $3.2 billion, with most financing from state banks. Officials say it should be completed around 2016. But with work sites abandoned because of audits and other setbacks months ago in and around Paulistana, a town in Piauí, one of Brazil’s poorest states, even that timeline seems optimistic. Long stretches where freight trains were already supposed to be running stand deserted. Wiry vaqueiros, or cowboys, herd cattle in the shadow of ghostly railroad bridges that tower 150 feet above parched valleys. “Thieves are pillaging metal from the work sites,” said Adailton Vieira da Silva, 42, an electrician who labored with thousands of others before work halted last year. “Now there are just these bridges left in the middle of nowhere.” Brazil’s transportation minister, César Borges, expressed exasperation with the delays in finishing the railroad, which is needed to transport soybean harvests to port. He listed the bureaucracies that delay projects like the Transnordestina: the Federal Court of Accounts; the Office of the Comptroller General; an environmental protection agency; an institute protecting archaeological patrimony; agencies protecting the rights of indigenous peoples and descendants of escaped slaves; and the Public Ministry, a body of independent prosecutors. Still, Mr. Borges insisted, “Projects get delayed in countries around the world, not just Brazil.” Some economists contend that the way Brazil is investing may be hampering growth instead of supporting it. The authorities 770
encouraged energy companies to build wind farms, but dozens cannot operate because they lack transmission lines to connect to the electricity grid. Meanwhile, manufacturers worry over potential electricity rationing as reservoirs at hydroelectric dams run dry amid a drought. Then there is the extraterrestrial museum in Varginha, a city in southeast Brazil where residents claimed to have seen an alien in 1996. Officials secured federal money to build the museum, but now all that remains of the unfinished project is the rusting carcass of what looks like a flying saucer. “That museum,” said Roberto Macedo, an economist at the University of São Paulo, “is an insult to both extraterrestrials and the terrestrial beings like ourselves who foot the bill for yet another project failing to deliver.” Adapted from www.nytimes.com/April 12, 2014.
03. (UECE CE) The two sentences “‘Some ventures never deserved public money in the first place,’ said Sérgio Lazzarini, an economist at Insper, a São Paulo business school” and “‘That museum,’ said Roberto Macedo, an economist at the University of São Paulo, ‘is an insult to both extraterrestrials and the terrestrial beings like ourselves who foot the bill for yet another project failing to deliver’” contain, respectively, examples of a) direct discourse and indirect discourse. b) indirect discourse and indirect discourse. c) direct discourse and direct discourse. d) indirect discourse and direct discourse. Texto comum à questão 04 Deep Impact, RIP: NASA’s comet-hunting mission comes to an end After nine years of interstellar investigations, the mission of NASA’s Deep Impact spacecraft has come to an end. In a press release issued today, the agency “reluctantly pronounced” that they had given up efforts to restore communication with the comet-hunting probe. The announcement isn’t particularly surprising, given that NASA investigators hadn’t been able to communicate with Deep Impact since early August. Mission leaders now suspect that a glitch with “computer time tagging” interfered with the spacecraft’s orientation — in turn making it nearly impossible for scientists to ascertain the location of its radio antennas or the orientation of its onboard solar panels. Without panels facing the sun, the spacecraft’s lifespan would be sharply limited and its equipment likely frozen due to cold temperatures. Disponível em: <http://www.theverge.com/2013/9/20/4752114/ deep-impact mission-ends-NASA>. Acesso em: 24 set. 2013. (Adaptado).
04. (Unievangélica GO) The sentence the agency “reluctantly pronounced” that they had given up efforts to restore communication with the comet-hunting probe written in the direct speech is a) We will give up efforts to restore communication with the comet-hunting probe.
Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias
Texto comum à questão 05 The true potential of technology to change behavior Technology could successfully change behaviours where decades of campaigns and legislation have failed. With the quantified self already walking among us and the internet of things within easy reach, digital technology is creating unprecedented opportunities to encourage, enable and empower more sustainable behaviours. If we are to unlock the power of technology we must be more ambitious than simply digitising analogue strategies or creating another communications channel. The true potential of technology lies in its ability to do things that nothing else can do. In behaviour change terms, the potential to succeed where decades of education programmes, awareness campaigns and product innovation have failed; to make a difference where government policy and legislation has had limited impact. Using behavioural insights, it is possible to highlight the bottlenecks, drop out points and achilles heels of traditional behaviour change efforts — the reasons why we have failed in the past — and apply the unique possibilities of technology to these specific challenges. Overcoming our limitations Luckily, the history of the human race is almost defined by its ability to invent stuff that bolsters its feeble capabilities. That stuff is, of course, what we generically refer to as ‘technology’. And in the same way that the internal combustion engine and the light bulb allow us to overcome our relatively feeble powers of motion and perception, so digital technology can be directed to overcoming our relatively feeble powers of reasoning, self-control, motivation, self-awareness and agency—the factors that make behaviour change so difficult. Herein lies the true potential of technology: not in the laboratory or the workshop, but in an understanding of the behavioural dynamics that define the human condition, both generally and within the context of a specific user-group, market segment or community. Fonte: JOHNSON, Steven. Recognising the true potential of technology to change beha-viour. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/ sustainable-business/behavioural-insights/true-potential-technologychange-behaviour>. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017. (Adaptado).
05. (UEG GO) Considering the ideas expressed in the text, technology a) is changing its technological characteristics according human beings have been changing theirs behavioural aspects.
b) has been a powerful and potential tool to change things which society hasn´t been able to overcome along the decades. c) is a historic element which has always been directing human beings, in order to help them find ways to make life easier. d) advances in every decade as a successfully result of the great amount of the campaigns and legislation dedicated to it. e) has a huge power to unlock distinguished communication channels between companies and consumer society. 06. (UEG GO)
Fonte: Disponível em: <http://digitalsport.co/neymar-to-psg-why-wassocial-media-enga-gement-so-different-on-instagram-facebook -and-twitter>. Acesso em: 29 ago. 2017.
According to the information expressed in the image and data, a) when Neymar was announcing to sign his transfer from Barcelona to PSG, the followers from Twitter, Facebook and Instagram unfollowed Barcelona and followed PSG for Neymar’s cause. b infographic data presents an increasing number of social media followers for Barcelona and PSG, on july 28th to august 8th, together they overcome Neymar´s followers at the same period of time. c) instagram is the most used social media by Barcelona, PSG and Neymar’s followers. If we sum Barcelona and PSG, on july 28th to august 8th, together they overcome Neymar´s Instagram followers presented. d) verifying the Facebook increasing followers, Facebook country impact in Brazil, France and Egypt, together, is only higher than Barcelona’s Facebook followers on july 28th to august 8th. e) comparing Barcelona to PSG social media increasing, it is possible to verify that all social PSG medias achieved higher followers increasing than Barcelona’s, on july 28th to august 8th. Texto comum à questão 07 What’s wrong with buying fake luxury goods? By Bethan Bell, BBC News, 15 July 2016
Every time a new haul of fake designer goods is seized we’re told that the people who buy them are ruining the reputation 771
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b) We have given up efforts to restore communication with the comet-hunting probe. c) We give up efforts to restore communication with the comet-hunting probe. d) We would have given up efforts to restore communication with the comet-hunting probe.
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of brands, stealing revenue from companies, contributing to an unethical labour market and subsidising organised crime. But is this really the case? A BBC investigation has found over the past two years, thousands of fake goods were seized from black markets across England. But is there any harm in nabbing a pair of “Louboutins” from a market, or a “Chanel” handbag from a chap selling them on a foreign beach? To the average punter it might sound a bit far-fetched that their cash goes straight to a drugs cartel or gun-runners. We’re not talking about alcohol, tobacco or medications buying such items clearly poses a health risk. The same can be said for toys which aren’t up to safety standards, and sunglasses which don’t have the recommended UV protection. Nor are we talking about people who genuinely believe the goods they buy are the real thing. We’re talking about those who are happy to get knock-off designer items for knock-down prices. The people who are well aware there may be issues about quality and copyright - but don’t actually mind. After all, are the people who buy fakes for a tenner really depriving the companies that sell goods for hundreds or even thousands of pounds? A woman who makes an impulse buy in a market almost certainly wouldn’t otherwise invest in the real deal, while the wealthy buyers of the genuine brand pride themselves on knowing the difference and having the official article.
Ebony and Ivory Paul McCartney Ebony and Ivory live together in perfect harmony Side by side on my piano keyboard, Oh Lord, why don’t we? We all know that people are the same where ever we go There is good and bad in ev’ryone, We learn to live, we learn to give Each other what we need to survive together alive. 08. (Unifor CE) Veja a figura abaixo:
Fonte: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-36782724
07. (Unioeste PR) Considerando o contexto, assinale a alternativa que melhor traduz o trecho “Every time a new haul of fake designer goods is seized...”. a) Toda vez que uma nova carga de produtos de grife falsificados é apreendida... b) Cada vez que um novo lote de bons produtos é produzido... c) Toda vez que um novo lote de artigos destinados a designers de moda é produzido... d) Toda vez que um novo roubo de produtos de grife é noticiado... e) Cada vez que um novo cartel de designers é denunciado... Texto comum à questão 08 FRENTE A Exercícios de Aprofundamento
Leia os versos das canções “Blackbird” by John Lennon and Paul McCartney e “Ebony and Ivory” by Paul McCartney. Blackbird John Lennon and Paul McCartney Blackbird singing in the dead of night Take these broken wings and learn to fly All your life You were only waiting for this moment to arise.
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I. II. III. IV. V.
Both students are amazed with the huge number of classmates. One of the students thinks the huge audience is impressive. Neither of them is used to seeing such a crowded lecture. Either of them used to have such a crowded lecture. One of them seems to have had crowded lectures.
Assinale a opção correta : a) Todas as afirmativas estão corretas. b) Apenas a afirmativa I está correta. c) Apenas a afirmativa III está correta. d) Apenas as afirmativas II e V estão corretas. e) Todas as afirmativas estão erradas.