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SHERLOCK HOLMES THE YELLOW BAND

Comic Strip

SHERLOCK HOLMES

A young woman comes to visit Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson early one morning.

She tells them a strange story, and Holmes knows at once that she is in danger, great danger.

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THE YELLOW BAND

There is no time to lose, and Holmes and Watson are off across England to help her. But what is the danger? What is the deadly “yellow band” and how does it kill people?

Sir Arthur Co nan Do yl e

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SHERLOCK HOLMES: THE YELLOW BAND

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ISBN 978-85-96-00516-6

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SHERLOCK HOLMES THE YELLOW BAND

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Retold by Sorrel Pitts

graded readers

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Lauri Cericato Cayube Galas Ana Carolina Costa Lopes Nick Bullard Nathalia Thomaz Mariana Milani Marcelo Henrique Ferreira Fontes Hannah Fish Ricardo Borges Daniela Di Creddo Máximo Yan Comunicação Yan Comunicação Patrícia De Michelis Yan Comunicação, Lidiani Minoda Márcia Berne Octavio Cariello Reginaldo Soares Damasceno

Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) (Câmara Brasileira do Livro, SP, Brasil) Pitts, Sorrel Sherlock Holmes : the yellow band : standfor graded readers, level 2 / Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ; retold by Sorrel Pitts ; illustrated by Octavio Carriello. -- 1. ed. -- São Paulo : FTD, 2016.

ISBN 978-85-96-00516-6 (aluno) ISBN 978-85-96-00707-8 (professor) 1. Literatura infantojuvenil I. Doyle, Arthur Conan. II. Cariello, Octavio. III. Título.

16-05492 CDD-028.5

Índices para catálogo sistemático: 1. Literatura infantil 028.5 2. Literatura infantojuvenil 028.5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of StandFor. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover than that in which it is published and without a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

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SHERLOCK HOLMES THE YELLOW BAND

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859–1930) was born in Edinburgh, and trained as a doctor at the University of Edinburgh. He moved to Portsmouth and then to London where he worked as a doctor, and he started writing stories when waiting for patients to arrive.

His first stories were about the detective Sherlock Holmes, and these stories soon became very successful.

Many of the stories were first published in the Strand Magazine. “The Yellow Band” was first published in this magazine under the title “The Adventure of the Speckled Band” in February 1892. Doyle himself thought that it was his best Sherlock Holmes story.

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Look at the picture and answer the questions.

BEFORE READING

1

1. Who are these two men?

2. What are their jobs?

3. Where do they live?

4. What year is it, do you think?

2

Sherlock Holmes is a famous detective. Check the things that you think are in the story.

1. a young woman 2. an old man 3. a bad man 4. a boat 5. a train 6

a big cat

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Chapter One

Helen Stoner It is April, 1883. Sherlock Holmes, the great detective, is standing next to my bed.

Wake up, Watson!

A young woman is here. She’s very frightened and she needs our help.

Wait for me, Holmes! I’m coming!

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The young woman is waiting for us in the living room.

Dr. Watson, this is Miss Helen Stoner. She comes from Leatherhead. Miss Stoner, can I get you a cup of coffee? You are shaking.

You must be very cold.

No, Mr. Holmes. I’m not cold. I’m frightened.

Don’t be frightened.

You are not in danger here.

Maybe not.

And we are thirty kilometers from Leatherhead.

Yes - first a horse trap on muddy roads, then the train. You must be tired.

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The young lady is surprised.

How do you know about the train and the trap?

Helen Stoner sits back in her chair and closes her eyes.

Mr. Holmes, I know you are a very good detective. I need your help but I can’t give you any money now.

I am getting married soon and I can give you some then.

Now Miss Stoner, how can we help you?

It is not a mystery!

I can see your train ticket, and one arm of your coat is muddy.

Don’t worry about money, Miss Stoner. Now, tell me about your problem.

Thank you for listening, Mr. Holmes. This is my story. It isn’t easy to tell it.

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Chapter two

Helen’s Story It is 1853. My father is dead. My sister Julia and I are very young. We are twins – we have the same birthday.

My mother travels to India with us and meets a young doctor. His name is Dr. Roylott. Soon, they marry.

My mother has a lot of money. Dr. Roylott does not have a lot of money, but his family has a big house in the village of Stoke Moran.

Stoke Moran is near the town of Leatherhead.

Soon after this, we come back to England.

My mother has an accident with a train.

Mommy! No! Mommy!

She dies…

Well, girls. Do you like your new home?

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My stepfather doesn’t want to be a doctor now. He takes us to his big house in the village of Stoke Moran.

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My stepfather changes.

He does not make friends and he often has fights with people in the village.

No Roylott, no! Don’t put me in the river!

The police often arrest my stepfather and many people in Stoke Moran are frightened of him. He is a strange and difficult man.

Here you are again, Dr. Roylott.

Fighting again? What is it about this time?

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His only friends are the traveling people. They live near his house. He sits and talks to them for many hours.

He also has Indian animals.

There is a baboon and a cheetah in the gardens.

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Years go by. My sister and I are lonely because we don’t meet new people.

We don’t make friends. People are frightened of the baboon and cheetah.

They don’t come to the house.

Hello, Aunt Honoria!

Hello, girls – it’s so good to see you! Please come in and put your things in your rooms.

But sometimes we visit our Aunt Honoria in London.

We love seeing our aunt. She is a very nice woman.

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My stepfather says nothing.

Julia, please marry me. We can be happy together.

We stay with my aunt at Christmas.

Julia meets a nice man in London.

He wants to marry her.

She dies? Your stepfather kills her?

Miss Stoner, tell me everything and tell me now!

First, tell me about your stepfather’s house.

But two weeks later, my twin sister is dead.

Yes, Mr. Holmes.

My stepfather’s house is very big...

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es. er’s big...

Julia and I have rooms on the first floor next to Dr. Roylott’s. The windows look over the garden.

The doors of the rooms open into a corridor.

You cannot go from one room into the next room.

One night, my sister comes into my room.

Helen, I’m frightened and I can’t sleep. I can hear a strange noise. It’s a long whistle.

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The next night, I cannot sleep. I am worrying about my sister.

Suddenly I hear a scream.

I jump from the bed and run to Julia’s room.

Oh no, Helen!

The yellow band!

The yellow band!

And then my beautiful sister dies.

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Chapter Three

Helen Finds a Husband

The police work on the problem. They know my stepfather is a bad man but they cannot understand how my sister dies…

…because her bedroom door is locked...

…and the shutters on her windows are closed.

The traveling people are staying at Stoke Moran. Some of them wear yellow bands on their heads. Maybe they killed her?

But no one knows.

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Two years go by. My sister is dead and I’m very lonely. But then an old friend from Leatherhead, Percy Armitage, wants to marry me. I say “yes”.

My stepfather says nothing and Percy and I plan to marry in the spring. But two weeks later, Dr. Roylott starts building work on my bedroom at Stoke Moran. I must sleep in Julia’s old room.

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It is my first night in Julia’s bedroom.

I wake up at 2 a.m. There is a strange whistle. The noise frightens me because I remember Julia’s words.

I know this whistle means death.

Who is it?

What’s that noise!

I wait for morning. Then I leave the house and I take a trap to Leatherhead, and then a train to Baker Street; because I need your help, Mr. Holmes.

Quickly! Quickly!

I must see Mr. Holmes!

I get the lamp. But I can see nothing in the room.

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Thank you for telling us your story, Miss Stoner. You are doing the right thing. But are you telling us everything?

Chapter Four

At Stoke Moran

Yes, Mr. Holmes.

No, you are not.

Look at these bruises on your arm.

Your stepfather is not good to you.

Yes, he is a cruel man sometimes.

Miss Stoner, you are in a lot of danger. Dr. Watson and I must go to Stoke Moran. We must visit your stepfather’s house today.

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Thank you, Mr. Holmes. I feel much better now.

Go back to Stoke Moran, Miss Stoner, and wait for us there.

Helen Stoner leaves and Holmes sits down in a chair. He is thinking.

It is a dark mystery, Watson.

Yes. What is the strange whistle? And Julia Stoner’s words, “The yellow band” – what does it mean?

Holmes. I don’t understand. The door is locked. The shutters are closed. Julia Stoner is the only person in the room.

Suddenly the door opens and a strange man comes into the room.

I want to speak to Mr. Holmes!

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That is my name, sir. And who are you?

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I am Dr. Grimesby Roylott, from Stoke Moran. I am Helen Stoner’s stepfather.

Please sit down, Dr. Roylott.

I don’t want to sit down, Mr. Holmes.

Tell me. Why is my stepdaughter here?

But my friend only smiles and does not answer.

It’s cold. But look!

I can see spring flowers in the gardens.

You are an interesting man, Dr. Roylott. Now please leave us. And close the door behind you.

I see. You don’t want to answer me.

I know you, Holmes! You meddle in people’s lives.

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Before I leave, I must speak. I know Miss Stoner is here in London and I know she wants your help.

Be careful, Mr. Holmes. I am not your friend.

I am telling you this only once, Mr. Holmes. Don’t speak to my stepdaughter and don’t meddle in my life. I can be a very dangerous man.

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What a bad, cruel man! This makes the mystery more interesting, Watson.

Let’s have breakfast.

Then I must see Helen’s mother’s will.

After breakfast, Mr. Holmes leaves. He comes back two hours later with some papers.

So Roylott has a good motive for Julia Stoner’s death. And a motive for Helen’s death, too. Let’s go to Stoke Moran now, Watson. Please get your gun.

I’m with you, Holmes.

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Here is Mrs. Stoner’s will, Watson. It tells us a lot about Dr. Grimesby Roylott. At the moment, Roylott gets £750 every year from his dead wife. After they marry, Julia gets £250 and Helen gets £250. This leaves Dr. Roylott with very little money.

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We travel fast. First we take the train to Leatherhead. Then we take a trap from Leatherhead to Stoke Moran. I can see Holmes is very worried.

After two hours, we arrive at Stoke Moran.

Is that Dr. Grimesby Roylott’s house?

Come on! Come on, quickly! Helen Stoner is in great danger!

That big house? Yes, sir.

You can see his stepdaughter, Miss Stoner, walking in the garden.

And that’s the village of Stoke Moran. You can get out here. A quick walk through the trees takes you to Dr. Roylott’s house.

Thank you.

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We walk through the trees and meet Helen Stoner.

Mr. Holmes and Dr. Watson! You are here.

Things are going well. Dr. Roylott is in London. He comes back this evening.

Hello, Miss Stoner.

Yes, Miss Stoner. And now I understand more.

Your stepfather is not a nice man.

Holmes tells Miss Stoner about Dr. Roylott’s visit to Baker Street.

Oh no!

He is watching me then.

Now, Miss Stoner.

I would like to see the bedrooms.

Yes, Miss Stoner.

You must lock your bedroom door tonight. Your father is very cruel and he has a bad plan for you.

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So this is my old room.

You can see the building work. That room next to it is Julia’s – but I am sleeping there now. The room at the end is Dr. Roylott’s.

And these rooms open on to a a corridor.

Are there windows into the corridor from the rooms?

No, there are no windows.

I see. Why does your room need building work?

It doesn’t, Mr. Holmes.

And you lock your door at night?

Yes, Mr. Holmes. I lock it every night.

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And the shutters? Do you close them?

Holmes pulls at the shutters but they don’t move.

No, Watson. You cannot go into Miss Stoner’s room from the garden.

Now, let’s look in the bedroom.

Yes.

Please go into your room and close them now.

What is this bell rope for?

I don’t know.

We go into to Julia Stoner’s old bedroom.

And this is Julia’s old room.

But you are sleeping here now?

Is it new?

Yes.

Yes. It’s only two years old.

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Holmes pulls the bell rope.

Hmmm. There is no bell. Look, the rope goes into that ventilator.

A ventilator between two rooms. That’s interesting. Why doesn’t it go out to the garden? Is the ventilator two years old, too?

That doesn’t surprise me. Now, Miss Stoner, please take me to Dr. Roylott’s bedroom. I am very interested to see it.

Yes.

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Helen Stoner takes us into Dr. Roylott’s bedroom.

Yes… This is very interesting.

What’s locked in this safe?

A plate of milk?

For the cheetah maybe? But a cheetah can drink this very quickly.

My stepfather’s money.

Hello, what’s this?

28

It’s a dog whip.

But Dr. Roylott doesn’t have a dog.

This is very strange. Look, Watson. It is in a circle… Why is that?

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Listen to me, Miss Stoner. You are in a lot of danger. You must sleep in your old bedroom tonight.

Dr. Watson and I must wait in your sister’s room. Now, let’s go back to the garden.

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t ep ght. ait in et’s

Is that the village of Stoke Moran?

Yes. And that must be the village inn.

Can we see your bedroom windows from there?

Mr. Holmes.

Do you know my sister’s killer?

Yes, of course.

Yes, Miss Stoner. I think I do.

Please tell me. Who is it?

No, Miss Stoner. First I must be sure. I have a plan for tonight. Please go to your room now. After your stepfather comes back, open the shutters and put a lamp there. Then go to your old room.

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Holmes and I take a room at the village inn.

Have you got a room for two at the front of the inn?

Yes, Sir. Please, come this way.

We sit in our room and watch Dr. Roylott’s house.

This is good. We can see everything from here, Watson.

Now, here is Dr. Roylott.

I hope Miss Stoner remembers my plan.

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At 11 p.m., Helen Stoner opens the shutters and puts a lamp in the window of her sister’s old bedroom.

I hope Dr. Watson and Mr. Holmes can see this lamp and they come soon. Now I must go to my old bedroom and lock the door.

There is Miss Stoner’s lamp. It means Dr. Roylott is in his bedroom.

Let’s go, Watson. We have very little time!

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Chapter Five

The Yellow Band We walk across the gardens to Julia Stoner’s bedroom.

Ah, here is the window.

And the shutters are open! Good work, Miss Stoner!

It is easy for us to get in. Now let me put my foot in your hands, Watson.

Suddenly, a strange animal is in front of us. It has long arms.

What’s that?

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It must be Dr. Roylott’s baboon! Be careful, Watson! The cheetah must be in the garden, too. Let’s get into the room quickly.

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We climb through the open shutters into Julia Stoner’s bedroom.

Come in quickly, Watson. And don’t make a noise! We don’t want Dr. Roylott to hear us.

I understand, Holmes. Now pull my hand before the cheetah comes!

There can be no light, Watson. Dr. Roylott mustn’t see us through the ventilator.

Of course, Holmes.

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We wait in the dark room for many hours.

Then, at 3 a.m., we see and hear something strange.

That is Julia Stoner’s strange whistle, Watson. Do you remember? She hears it for three nights, and then she dies.

Suddenly Holmes is on his feet. He takes his cane and starts hitting something.

Look, Holmes.

I can see a light through the ventilator! And what’s that strange noise?

Look, there it is, Watson! Can you see it? It’s there – at the end of my cane!

I can see nothing, Holmes!

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Suddenly, we hear a scream!

Listen, Holmes!

Who is that? What does it mean?

It means it’s the end. Now come with me, Watson. And you need your gun.

Holmes and I go into Dr. Roylott’s bedroom. He is sitting in a chair and has something strange around his neck.

“The yellow band...”

Yes, Watson. Dr. Roylott is dead.

It’s Roylott! Is he dead? What is that around his neck?

Then the strange thing around Dr. Roylott’s neck moves.

Be careful, Holmes. It’s moving!

What is it?

It’s a “swamp adder” – a yellow snake from India. Its poison kills a person in ten seconds.

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Holmes takes the dog whip and puts the snake into Dr. Roylott’s safe.

Now I understand about this whip.

You can go back in your home, snake!

Close the safe door after him, Holmes.

Now, Watson, let’s find Miss Stoner. Then we must go to the police.

Holmes and I take Miss Stoner to her Aunt Honoria in London.

Miss Stoner is not in danger now, Watson. The police know about Dr. Roylott.

Our work here is finished. I can tell you everything on the trap home to Baker Street.

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Chapter six

Dr. Roylott’s Plan On our way home, Holmes tells me about Dr. Roylott’s plan.

You see, Watson, Julia’s bedroom door is locked on the night of her death - and the window doesn’t open.

So I know a person cannot get into that bedroom. Then I see the bell rope and the ventilator. But the bell rope doesn’t work, and the ventilator comes from Dr. Roylott’s bedroom.

Why does it do that? And why does Dr. Roylott have a plate of milk in his room?

So every night, Roylott puts the snake in the ventilator. The snake goes into Julia Stoner’s bedroom.

Then Roylott calls the snake back with a whistle and gives it the milk. The snake does not bite Julia Stoner the first night, or the second night. But on the third night it finds her.

The ventilator is too small for a cheetah or a baboon, but I remember the doctor has animals from India. I soon think of a snake. A snake’s poison leaves the body quickly. Doctors cannot find it.

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We go into Julia Stoner’s bedroom. I see the ventilator and the bell rope, and I know I’m right.

We wait and the yellow snake comes through the ventilator. I hit it with my cane and it gets angry.

The angry snake goes back through the ventilator – and bites Dr. Roylott! Ten seconds later, Dr. Roylott is dead.

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You see, Watson.

Dr. Roylott is dead because of me. But do I worry about that? No, I don’t. Because I cannot feel bad about a bad man.

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WHILE READING ACTIVITIES

Read pages 5 to 17.

1

Answer the questions.

1. Why does Holmes wake up Watson?

A young woman needs their help.

2. How does Holmes know about the train and the trap?

3. How does Helen’s mother die?

4. What animals does Dr. Roylott have at Stoke Moran?

5. What does Julia hear at night?

6. What does Julia say before she dies?

Read pages 5 to 17.

2

Who are these people?

1. This man is a doctor. He marries a rich

woman in India.

Dr. Roylott

2. This man is a doctor. He helps

a detective.

3. This young woman tells her sister about

a whistle at night.

4. This young woman worries about her

sister. She goes to see Sherlock Holmes.

5. This woman lives in London. She is

Helen and Julia Stoner’s aunt.

6. This woman dies in

an accident with a train.

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Read pages 5 to 17.

3

Check the correct answers.

1. The police work on the problem but... a. they do not know how Julia Stoner dies.

P

b. they like Dr. Roylott and do not want to arrest him. c. they are frightened of cheetahs and baboons.

2. Helen talks about the traveling people because… a. they live in the garden. b. they wear yellow bands on their heads. c. they know Dr. Roylott.

3. An old friend… a. kills Julia Stoner. b. comes to the house. c. wants to marry Helen.

4. Helen must move to Julia’s bedroom because… a. Dr. Roylott starts building work on her old bedroom. b. her bedroom is too cold. c. she likes Julia’s room.

5. Helen wakes up because… a. she’s cold. b. she hears a strange whistle. c. it’s morning.

6. Why does Helen travel to London? a. To see Sherlock Holmes. b. To see Percy Armitage. c. To see her Aunt Honoria.

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WHILE READING ACTIVITIES

Read pages 18 to 31.

4

Are these sentences True (T) or False (F)?

F

1. Helen Stoner is telling Holmes everything.

2. Dr. Roylott is cruel to Helen.

3. Holmes thinks Helen is in danger.

4. Holmes travels back to Stoke Moran with Helen.

5. Dr. Roylott is watching Helen Stoner.

6. Holmes wants to talk about Helen Stoner with Dr. Roylott.

7. Holmes wants to know about Mrs. Stoner’s money.

8. Watson takes his gun to Stoke Moran.

9. Helen’s bedroom needs building work.

10. Helen closes the shutters every night.

11. There is a bell at the end of the bell rope.

12. The ventilator goes into the garden.

13. Dr. Roylott has a dog.

14. Tonight, Helen must sleep in her old room.

Read pages 32 to 36.

5

Use these words to join the sentences together. and but because 1. Helen opens the shutters because

Watson want to get into the bedroom.

2. There is a strange animal. It is brown

long arms.

Holmes and has

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3. Holmes and Watson see the baboon

they

don’t see the cheetah.

4. There can be no light

Dr. Roylott mustn’t see

Holmes and Watson.

5. Holmes sees the snake

Watson doesn’t.

6. Holmes and Watson hear a scream

know

it’s the end.

7. It’s a yellow snake from India

its poison kills

a person in ten seconds.

8. Dr. Roylott dies

the snake bites him.

9. Dr. Roylott is dead

and Watson must be careful.

the snake is not. Holmes

10. Holmes takes the dog whip

puts the snake

into Dr. Roylott’s safe.

Read pages 37 to 39.

6

Complete the sentences with a word from the box. cane cheetah dead finds locked milk poison rope ventilator whistle 1. The bedroom door is locked

Julia’s death.

2. The bell

on the night of

doesn’t work.

3. Some snakes can bite a person and the

leaves the body.

4. The ventilator is too small for a

.

5. Roylott puts the snake into the

and it goes

into Julia’s bedroom.

6. Roylott calls the snake back with a 7. Then he gives it a plate of 8. The snake

. .

Julia on the third night.

9. Holmes hits the snake with his 10. Ten seconds later, Dr. Roylott is

. .

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AFTER READING ACTIVITIES

1

Answer the questions.

1. Why does Helen visit Holmes? What is worrying her?

2. “My stepfather doesn’t want to be a doctor now.” Why is this,

do you think?

3. Why do the village people think Dr. Roylott is strange?

4. Dr. Roylott has a baboon and a cheetah living in his garden.

Why, do you think?

5. Why does Dr. Roylott kill Julia Stoner?

6. How does he kill her?

7. Why must Helen sleep in Julia’s old bedroom?

8. Why is there a ventilator in Julia’s bedroom?

9. How does Dr. Roylott call the snake back?

10. At the end of the story, Helen is safe. How is she safe?

2

Match the beginnings and endings of these sentences.

1. A woman is here. She’s

a. because we don’t meet

2. It is not a mystery! I can

b. but they cannot

3. He does not

c. on Helen’s old bedroom

4. My sister and I

d. open the shutters and

5. The police know my

e. and don’t meddle in my

6. Dr. Roylott starts

f. and she needs our

7. Don’t speak to my

g. and he often has fights

8. After they marry,

h. and one arm of your

9. After your stepfather

i. a yellow snake

very frightened

see your train ticket,

make friends are lonely

stepfather is a bad man building work stepdaughter,

comes back,

10. It’s a “swamp adder”

new people.

understand how my sister dies. at Stoke Moran.

put a lamp there. life.

help.

with people.

coat is muddy. from India.

j. Julia gets £250 and

Helen gets £250.

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3

Do the crossword.

2

3

1 4 6 5

S

W A

M

P

A

D

D

E

R

7

Across 1. Honoria is Julia and Helen’s...

5. The name of the snake in the story.

7. People do not like Dr. Roylott because he is...

Down 2. The people in the story sometimes travel in this.

3. The traveling people wear these. They are sometimes yellow.

4. The police do this to bad people.

6. Holmes’ friend.

4

Write a summary of the story. Use the words and phrases in the box. snake ventilator Baker Street Helen Stoner Julia Stoner trap and train call with a whistle bell rope stepfather traveling people Holmes cane yellow band marry Stoke Moran aunt cheetah and baboon Dr. Roylott accident building work Watson

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Glossary accident something bad that happens when you don’t expect it arrest take someone to prison for a crime baboon a big monkey band a long thin piece of cloth bell a metal thing that makes a noise when you hit it bruise a blue or brown mark on the skin after someone hits it cruel wanting to hurt people cheetah a dangerous animal; it is a big cat danger the chance that something will hurt or kill someone death when life stops detective a person who tries to solve crimes frightened afraid because something is dangerous inn a small hotel lock close with a key so that it cannot open lonely unhappy because you have no friends marry become the husband or wife of someone meddle do something that is not your business motive the reason for doing something

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muddy with a lot of wet earth mystery something that is difficult to understand plan something that you want to do poison something that can kill you rope a long, thick string safe a metal box that you can put things in and lock with a key scream give a loud, high cry shake move from side to side shutter a kind of door that you can put across a window snake a long, often dangerous, animal with no legs strange not usual surprised when something happens that you don’t expect trap a small car with two wheels that a horse can pull ventilator a hole in the wall of a room to let air in and out village a small town whip a long thin piece of rope with a handle, used for making animals move whistle a long high noise; the thing that makes that noise will a legal paper that says what you want to do with your money after your death

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StandFor Readers StandFor Readers provide a range of extensive reading materials for learners of all ages. The readers are carefully selected to cater for a range of interests, and are available across nine levels. Each title is meticulously graded for both vocabulary and structure, and topics have been selected to reflect the age and ability of students. Standfor Graded Readers are graded according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Factual titles respond to the need for Content and Language Integrated Learning materials.

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