SERIES EDITOR
3
is a course designed for students in the last three years of secondary education. Students at this stage have acquired the fundamental concepts of English, but they need to develop the language they need for the real world. In the future they will use and interact with English in university entrance exams as well as in their future studies and employment. Perspective introduces them to the real English that they will meet there.
Student Book and Workbook Perspective | Student Book and Workbook
For teachers: • Teacher Book with all the Student Book and Workbook pages plus notes for teachers and photocopiable extra reading material; • Developing Exam Skills (with answer key) booklet that prepares students for their university entrance exams; • Audio CD; • LED to be used as a personal digital version of the Teacher Book or as an interactive white board tool with all the teacher and student content plus interactive educational resources; • Access to StandFor Digital for extra resources and support. For students: • Student Book with Workbook combined; • Developing Exam Skills (with answer key) booklet; • Audio CD; • LED to be used as a digital version of the Student Books but with interactive educational resources such as videos, infographics, games, puzzles, and activities; • Access to StandFor Digital for extra resources.
SERIES EDITOR
ISBN 978-85-96-00443-5
CAPA_PERSPECTIVE_LA_V3.indd 1-3
B 1.1 B 1.2 B 2.1 B 2.2
788596 004435
Perspective 1 Perspective 2 Perspective 3
11687423
Nick Bullard
9
CEFR Levels
Nick Bullard
3
7/28/16 1:43 PM
Teacher Book
SERIES EDITOR
Nick Bullard
Born in London, Nick Bullard has worked in English Language Teaching for many years, first as a teacher and then as an author and developer of teaching materials. He has given methodological talks and conference presentations in more than twenty countries in Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa. He lives and works in Oxford.
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Contents / Book 3 Unit
Part A
HAPPY AND HEALTHY
Part
Starter
1 2
Title
Text Genre
Workbook Text Genre
Evolving English
• An online article – How the Internet Is Changing Language
• A newspaper article –
• A magazine article – What
Positively Happy
• Online scientific article on happiness • An infographic on happiness around the world
• An article about a
Healthy Living
• An executive summary of a teenagers’ health report • The Healthy Lunch Challenge
Writing Genre
New Methods of Learning English
Happy Teenagers Do Differently
• Recipes
Brazilian healthy eating guide
Part B
THE WORLD AT YOUR FEET
Review Units 1 and 2: Vocabulary, Grammar, Self-Assessment, Writing
3 4
• An online article –
Here and There
• A personal documentary article about undocumented aliens • A website of an organization supporting immigrants
• An online article –
Us and Them
• A newspaper article about culture clash • An online tips section on cultural differences
Definitions of Undocumented Immigrants
• A guidebook entry
U.S.: customs, habits, and etiquette
Part D
MOVING ON
Part C
LIVING TODAY AND INTO THE FUTURE
Review Units 3 and 4: Vocabulary, Grammar, Self-Assessment, Writing
5 6
• An online list –
Intexticated
• Statistics on texting and driving • An online article about driving on the left.
• A newspaper article
Fairness and Equality
• An online petition on access for disabled students • An online campaign about female empowerment
Driving regulations
• Online petition
about the power of online petitions
Review Units 5 and 6: Vocabulary, Grammar, Self-Assessment, Writing
7 8
• An online article –
Milestones
• A college application essay • Online information for prospective college students
• Online tricks and tips –
Parting Words
• A graduation commencement speech • An infographic on graduation traditions
Survival tips for life in college dorms
• A personal statement
Graduation Party Planner and Ideas
Review Units 7 and 8: Vocabulary, Grammar, Self-Assessment, Writing
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Spoken Genre
Social Issues
Grammar Focus
• A talk about
• English in a changing world
• Review of verb tenses
• An audio report
• Issues about healthy and happy lifestyles
• Reported questions
World Englishes
on happiness around the world
• An audio
• Cultural encounters
• “Surprising
• Acting responsibly in an evolving world
• An audio report
about the college application process
uncountable nouns
• Intonation in tag questions
• Gerunds as Subjects
• Stress in phrasal verbs
or Objects • Phrasal verbs
• A graduation
commencement speech
• Causative forms:
have / get something done
• False cognates
with migration
similes
• Driving and traffic
collocations
• Comparative,
Infinitives
• Making the transition from school to life
• Vocabulary associated
• Metaphors and
• Gerunds and
on the work of UNICEF
• A presentation
used to • Tag questions
• Gradable and non–
• Countable and
• Review of conditionals • Wish and If only
things” for visitors to the U.S.
driving safety
• To be used to and
Vocabulary Focus
gradable adjectives
requests, and advice
about an undocumented student
• A podcast on
• Sentence stress
• Reported orders,
presentation on obesity
• A news report
Pronunciation
Contrastive, and Concessive Conjunctions
• Tongue twisters
• Adverbs of cause
and effect
• Nouns to describe
stages in life
• Stative verbs
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Starter Unit Evolving English FIRST IMPRESSIONS 1. How often do you use the Internet? 2. What languages do you use online? BBC
+
3. Do you use the Internet to practice or study English?
www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20332763
Meet the
Topic
1 Read the following statements about using
the Internet. Do you agree or disagree with the statements? 1. On the Internet, you can communicate with other non-native English speakers successfully in English, at your own pace.
BBC How the Internet Is Changing Language By Jane O'Brien
2. People can read online newspapers in English and, whenever they have some difficulties, they can turn to e-dictionaries and e-tools. 3. Using the Internet broadens the types of people a person can speak to in chat rooms, via e-mail, through social media, or on online discussion forums. 4. People can use free online language tutoring classes available on the Internet to learn English and communicate with other people. 5. While interacting online, people do not worry about grammar or spelling; they just want to socialize.
2 The article on the right is about how the Internet is changing language. Which of the following do you think will appear in this article? 1. Advice on ways to pronounce English words. 2. The story of one of the first dictionaries of American English. 3. An introduction to computer repair. 4. The way in which English is dominating the Internet. 5. Links to websites where you can practice your listening skills.
4
Online, English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process, the language itself is changing. When America emerged from the ashes of a bruising war with Britain in 1814, the nation was far from united. Noah Webster thought that a common language would bring people together
Starter Unit
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6. Variations of English used around the world.
4 Look at the text again and write down the
7. The dangers of carbon emissions.
information.
8. How different languages relate to each other on the Internet.
1. The number of entries in the American Dictionary of
9. How people use language to improve their self-
2. The length of time it took to complete the
confidence.
3 Read the article. Check your answers in
the English Language: 70,000 dictionary: 3. The approximate number of web pages worldwide:
Activity 2.
4. What people don’t pay much attention to on the Internet: 5. What really matters on the Internet:
Magazine
6. Examples of different “Englishes”: 7. Common language for users around the world:
and help create a new identity that would make the country truly independent of the British. […] An American Dictionary of the English Language took 18 years to complete and Webster learned 26 other languages in order to research the etymology of its 70,000 entries. The Internet is creating a similar language evolution, but at a much faster pace. There are now thought to be some 4.5 billion web pages worldwide. And with half the population of China now online, many of them are written in Chinese. Still, some linguists predict that within 10 years English will dominate the Internet – but in forms very different to what we accept and recognize as English today. That’s because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And increasingly they use it to communicate with other nonnative speakers. […] Users of Facebook already socialize in a number of different “Englishes” including Indian English, or Hinglish, Spanglish (Spanish English) and Konglish (Korean English). While these variations have long existed within individual cultures, they’re now expanding and comingling online. […] Adapted from <www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20332763>. Accessed July 11, 2016.
8. The nation that the United States was at war with in 1814:
5 Answer the questions using information from the text. 1. Why did Noah Webster decide to write the American Dictionary of the English Language? 2. Why is English evolving? 3. Who is English on the Internet mostly used by? 4. What other language makes up much of the content of the Internet? ➔
Spoken
Workbook p. 100
Expression 1
1 Answer the questions below. Then check if your
classmates think the same way and discuss opinions and ideas. 1. Why do you think English is so widespread? 2. Is it good to have a common language for people to use to communicate with people from other parts of the world? 3. How much has English influenced your mother tongue? Evolving English
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Words and
Meanings
1 Put the highlighted phrases from the text on
3 What is the meaning of the highlighted idioms? 1. The whole nation was
a. pay attention to what you are saying
appalled when they
pages 4 and 5 in other words.
heard the president using
1. When America emerged from the ashes of a bruising war with Britain in 1814, the nation was far
language that would fry
from united.
c
bacon.
the damage
2. The Internet is creating a similar language evolution, but at a much faster pace. 3. That’s because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. 4. And increasingly they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers. 5. While these variations have long existed within individual cultures, they’re now expanding and comingling online.
2 Read the following definition and answer the
questions. idiom NOUN [C] /Ιd.i.ǝm/ 1. a group of words whose meaning considered as a unit is different from the meanings of each word considered separately: […] “Shoot yourself in the foot” is an idiom that means to do something that hurts yourself.
2. That’s too confusing.
b. say something in simple, clear, and Please say it again in plain straightforward English. language
3. Mary speaks Fred’s language. They get along
c. swearing and threatening
fine. 4. People on the Internet are murdering the English
d. learn a language easily or casually
language.
5. You shouldn’t talk to your
e. speak a language very badly, making boss that way! Watch your many mistakes mouth!
6. Darren believes he can
f. have similar ideas, tastes pick up a language just by talking to foreigners.
Extracted from <http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ idiom?a=british>. Accessed March 11, 2016.
1. Where is this definition taken from?
➔
Workbook p. 102
a. a magazine b. a dictionary c. a thesaurus 2. What are idioms? a. ways of saying something b. ways of finding something out c. ways of eating something 3. What does “Shoot yourself in the foot” mean? a. Your foot hurts. b. You have hurt your foot. c. You have damaged yourself.
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Spoken
Expression 2
1 Talk to a classmate. Ask and answer the questions below.
1. In what ways could the Internet help you improve your English? 2. Do you know anyone who posts on blogs or participates in discussion forums in English? 3. Is playing multi-player games online a good way to study English?
Starter Unit
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Working with
2 Read the online article by two academics and
Grammar
Review of Verb Tenses 1 Read the sentences below and match them to
the explanations in the Deductions box. 1. The president of the company has been talking to his staff about new technologies since last year. 2. The Internet is creating a new language in order to connect the whole world. 3. Some linguists estimate that English will dominate the Internet within ten years. 4. Nowadays, a learner of the English language needs a new set of interpretive skills. 5. I once read a report about how English as we know it today will have disappeared from the Internet before the end of this decade and different forms will come. 6. Since its conception, the Internet has revolutionized human communication. 7. Schools will be using more technological devices in the near future.
Deductions a. We use the simple present to talk about things that always happen, things that are true in general, or to refer to a permanent situation. It’s not important whether the action is happening at the time of speaking. b. We use the present progressive to express the continuity of an action. It is also natural to use it to talk about arrangements. c. The present perfect emphasizes the result of a past action that is still going on, an action that stopped recently, or an action that has an influence on the present. d. When we talk about an action which is repeated over a period of time, we use the present perfect progressive. We can also use it to ask or say how long an action has been continuing. e. We use the simple future for predictions, for spontaneous or instant decisions, and for actions in the future that cannot be influenced. f. For actions that are in progress at a certain time in the future, the future progressive is used. g. When the action will be finished at a certain time in the future, we use the future perfect.
circle the correct alternatives. […] the demand to learn English has considerably increased / increasing. David Crystal observing / observed that “English has become / became the language of international business, diplomacy, trade, computer and even science, and is taught / teaching as a foreign language in more than 100 countries around the world”. Despite the diversity of languages in Asia, such as Arabic, Malay, Urdu, Tamil, and Mandarin, English remains / remained the lingua franca for communication with each other in the same community or interaction with others from other communities […]. The demand to learn English being / is high among people whose mother tongue is not English. Hence, a high level of competence in the English language is seek / sought by non-native English speakers. Extracted from <http://springerplus.springeropen.com/ articles/10.1186/2193-1801-3-460>. Accessed March 11, 2016.
3 Read the sentences and write the verb tenses of the highlighted verbs.
simple past past progressive past perfect past perfect progressive
1. Susan had been working hard on the Portuguese paper for hours when she realized she had been working on the wrong file. a. past perfect progressive b. simple past 2. Shakespeare wrote most of his plays while he was living in London. a. b. 3. Dr. Johnson had published three books before he became head of the Math Department. a. b. 4. The student was reading out loud when the school dean knocked at the door. a. b.
4 Read the following statements. Write A for active voice or P for passive voice.
1. The students signed up for an online course. A 2. The course was attended by over 2,000 people around the world. Evolving English
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3. The students felt that the course was hard to
3. When settlers arrived in America they saw a lot of
follow.
new animals and plants.
4. Some of the students were criticized for not
4. Words like moccasin were unknown in England
completing the course.
before Europeans went to America. ➔
Spoken
5. Once they arrived in America the settlers had no
Workbook p. 103
contact with England. 6. All countries in the world have English as an
Expression 3
important language at some level. 7. Changes in English typically take place first of all in
1 Work in groups and talk to your classmates. Ask
vocabulary.
and answer the questions.
1. How can students profit from social networking tools for educational purposes? 2. Have you ever tried to attend free (or paid) classes on the Internet? Why (not)? 3. What current Internet trend worries you most? 4. How would you react if you found out that a friend of yours was making up stories about someone and posting them online?
Listening and
Understanding 3
2 Listen to the second part of the talk by David Crystal. Then answer the questions. 1. How many purely South African words can you find in a South African dictionary? 10,000 2. What other country does David Crystal mention where some of these words are spoken? 3. Why wouldn’t Non-South Africans understand some South African words?
2
1 Listen to the first part of a talk by David Crystal
about World Englishes. Then read the sentences and write T (True) or F (False). 1. It takes a long time for new varieties of English to grow. F 2. American English started developing in England before people even went to America.
8
4. How was David Crystal traveling around in South Africa? 5. What was the South African word that David Crystal didn’t know? 6. What did the word mean?
Starter Unit
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Part
A
Happy and Healthy
Unit 1 Positively Happy Unit 2 Healthy Living
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1
Positively Happy
FIRST IMPRESSIONS Read the statements below. Check the ones that are true for you. Work with a classmate to discuss them. 1. Some people are born naturally happy, others aren’t. 2. You’re more likely to be unhappy if you live in a cold place. 3. The older you get, the happier you feel. 4. Music makes you feel happier.
Meet the
Topic
1 How would you define happiness? What do
people really need in order to feel happy? Talk to a classmate.
2 Read the magazine sections below. Check the correct title for each section.
5. Having fun does more to make you happy than being grateful does.
+
Text A
Popular Science
www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-03/fyi-can-scientists-measure-happiness?dom=PSC&loc=recent&lnk=5&con=fyi-can-scientists-measure-happiness
FYI Can Staying Positive Extend Your Life? Can Scientists Measure Happiness?
By Adam Waytz
In 1881, the British economist Francis Edgeworth envisioned a “hedonimeter” that would measure economic utility by “continually registering the height of pleasure experienced by an individual.” Edgeworth was only engaging in conjecture, but in 2001, Brian Knutson, a Stanford University professor, arranged an experiment that would use functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI] to do just that. Knutson and his colleagues at the National Institutes of Health asked participants attached to a brain scanner to watch a screen as colored shapes appeared. He told them that if they pressed a button when certain shapes 10
flashed onscreen, they would earn a cash reward. Other shapes offered no opportunity for “earning” money. All the participants later rated, on a four-point scale, how they felt when viewing different shapes and colors. They said that seeing the shapes associated with the reward made them happy – and their neural firing patterns agreed, with the fMRI displaying increased blood flow to a brain region associated with reward. In another experiment, subjects were told that they were drinking an expensive wine, and positive neural activity heightened. Then, drinking the same wine, subjects were told that it was an inexpensive brand. Their palates, and neurons, were fooled, and participants enjoyed the same wine less than before. So in some cases the fMRI could be seen as a reliable hedonimeter – though one with a very limited set of parameters. Have a science question you’ve always wondered about? Send an email to fyi@popsci.com. Extracted from <www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-03/fyi-can-scientistsmeasure-happiness?dom=PSC&loc=recent&lnk=5&con=fyi-can-scientistsmeasure-happiness>. Accessed March 4, 2016.
Unit 1
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3 Read the questions and answers again. Then write A or B for the text where you found the information.
4 Write the statements in Activity 3 that best summarize each of the texts. Text A:
1. The study followed 72 patients for 60 months. B 2. Participants’ opinion about wine changed based on its price. 3. There is no convincing evidence that positive thinking actually helps patients. 4. Recent research contradicts the result of the 1979 study. 5. To a certain extent, brain scans can be used to measure happiness.
Text B:
5 Work with a classmate. Think about a question
related to happiness that you would like to know more about. Write the question for a magazine. Compare your questions with the whole class. ➔
6. Some shapes made participants feel happy.
Text B
Workbook p. 104
+
Popular Science
www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/fyi-can-staying-positive-extend-your-life
FYI Can Staying Positive Extend Your Life?
Can Scientists Measure Happiness?
By Daniel Engber
MAYBE, BUT NO ONE HAS EVER PROVED IT. The belief that optimism can keep you alive – or at least stave off cancer – gained traction after the release of a study in the Lancet medical journal in 1979. The study followed six dozen recovering breast-cancer patients for five years. Researchers found that those who responded to their situation with a “fighting spirit” fared better – longer survival, fewer signs of residual cancer – than those who had feelings of “helplessness” or “hopelessness.” Subsequent studies seemed to corroborate the result, and the benefits of optimism crept into medical doctrine. Rather pessimistically, a few recent large-scale meta-analyses [reviews of multiple studies] have found a lack of convincing
evidence that optimism really extends the lives of cancer patients. Neither positive emotions like fighting spirit nor the absence of negative ones such as helplessness or hopelessness reliably predict a better outcome. “There will always be new claims, and if people look for associations, they can find them,” says James Coyne, director of the Behavioral Oncology Program at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Coyne gives one explanation for the earlier results: “If you’re healthy, and if you’re living in conditions that make you healthy, then you’ll probably be happier.” Despite the lack of definitive data, the belief in the power of positive thinking has become so widespread that it might actually be doing harm. Cancer patients may feel inclined to act upbeat even when they’re distraught, hide their despair instead of seeking solace or treatment, or blame themselves if their disease progresses. In fact, this sort of pressure could even complicate future scientific studies of positive thinking, since it’s hard to know if a patient truly has a fighting spirit, or if she’s just pretending because she knows that’s how patients are “supposed” to act. Have a burning science question you’d like to see answered in our FYI section? Email it to fyi@popsci.com. Extracted from <www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/fyi-can-stayingpositive-extend-your-life>. Accessed March 4, 2016.
Positively Happy
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Words and
2 Work with a classmate to discuss the meaning
Meanings
1 Check the adjective in each pair to which the adverbs on the left can be applied. 1. a little / intensely / very
cold freezing
2. extremely / slightly / sort of 3. a little / fairly / very
terrified scared dead sick
Hot HotTip Tips Most adjectives have different degrees. They’re called gradable adjectives. Gradable adjectives can have comparative and superlative forms such as long, longer, the longest or busy, busier, the busiest. You can use adverbs such as very, a little, rather, extremely, and slightly with them. My mother was very unhappy with me. It’s a little hot in the living room. Let’s open a window. A few adjectives cannot have comparative and superlative forms and the adverbs above aren’t used with them. (For example, a person is alive. This person can’t be “aliver”.) They are called nongradable adjectives. These adjectives describe something absolute (dead, impossible), extreme (terrified, excellent), or classifying (domestic, digital). A different type of adverb is used with them: nongrading adverbs. These adverbs usually only add extra impact to the adjective. Some of these adverbs are almost, mainly, essentially, virtually, nearly, totally, and completely. The doctors examined the patient. He was dead. Several other victims of the accident were nearly dead. When I saw the chair move, I felt completely terrified.
12
of each word below. Then write G (Gradable adjective) or N (Non-gradable adjective) beside each one. 1. important G
6. chemical
2. perfect
7. unknown
3. awful
8. young
4. rich
9. warm
5. talented
10. enormous
3 Read the sentences, circle the adjectives, and complete the table. 1. My doctor told me to try to stay positive. He felt that would help me live a long life. 2. Your problem might not be physical. It could be psychological. 3. If you’re healthy, then you’ll probably be happy. 4. This medicine will cause a chemical reaction in your body. In a few days, you won’t feel sick. 5. I haven’t read anything like this in scientific journals. This topic is truly unique.
Non-gradable adjectives
Gradable adjectives
positive
➔
Workbook p. 106
Unit 1
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Working with
1 Match the expressions from the texts on pages 10 and 11 to their definitions.
1. become so widespread
the participants the subjects of the experiment breast-cancer patients the wine the reader
Text
a
a. was so generalized
2. corroborate the result
b. respond better to treatment
3. earn a cash reward
c. looking for medical care and consolation
4. fare better
d. confirm the research findings
5. gained traction
e. get some money
6. seeking solace or treatment
f. was taken seriously
Reading Hot TipsTip As we saw in Perspective 1, it’s important to pay attention to pronouns in a text. They’re used so that writers don’t have to use the same words again. It’s important to recognize that these can be subject, object, or possessive pronouns. Look at this sentence:
Julia is going to Julia’s apartment because Julia’s father is waiting for Julia there.
The belief that optimism can keep you [ the reader ]alive – or at least stave off cancer – gained traction after the release of a study in the Lancet medical journal in 1979. The study followed six dozen recovering breast-cancer patients for five years. Researchers found that those who responded to their [ ] situation with a ‘fighting spirit’ fared better […] In another experiment, subjects were told that they [ ] were drinking an expensive wine, and positive neural activity heightened. Then, drinking the same wine, subjects were told that it [
] was an inexpensive
brand. Their [ ] palates, and neurons, were fooled, and participants enjoyed the same wine less than before. So in some cases the fMRI could be seen as a reliable hedonimeter – though one with a very limited set of parameters.
In the Genre In magazines, there are usually sections dedicated to readers’ questions. In Popular Science Magazine, the section where readers’ questions are answered by the magazine’s writers is called the “FYI” section (FYI = For Your Information). In this case, the purpose of the answers is to discuss scientific questions or curiosities that interest the readers of the magazine. These articles may include facts, dates, or detailed information about the questioned subject as well as quotes from experts or interviewers.
3 Check the features you can find in the texts on pages 10 and 11.
Using subject, object, or possessive pronouns, the sentence sounds much more natural like this:
readers’ comments
Julia / She is going to her apartment because her father is waiting for her there.
name of the magazine
name of the magazine section ü header graphics
2 Read parts of the texts again. Use the words in the box to write what the pronouns in bold refer to.
contact readers’ questions Positively Happy
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Working with
Grammar
Reported Questions 1 Write the correct punctuation at the end of each sentence; use either a period (.) or a question mark (?). 1. What are the benefits of positive thinking ?
1. Does this magazine have a question and answer section?
2. Where can I read more about this topic?
3. How can I get more information about being happy?
2. Marcus asked where he could find the research results 3. The researchers wondered if the results of the study were accurate 5. What time 4. Is there is it? a good research laboratory at this hospital?
4. Is it possible to measure happiness 5. My mother wanted to know why I wasn’t at school
Deductions
1. He wants to know if this magazine has a question
1. Complete the sentences with words from the box.
and answer section.
2. She wonders ask direct meaning if reported
a. Sentences 1 and 4 are questions.
direct
b. Sentences 2, 3, and 5 are questions. c. Reported questions give the of the question, but they aren’t the exact question. d. Reported questions use expressions like , wonder, and want to know to report what the person is asking. e. Words like when, what, which, or how are used in both direct speech and reported questions. With yes/no questions, words like and whether are used.
2 These people have questions for a magazine. Write what they want to know.
14
3. He asks 4. She wonders 5. She wants to know ➔
Spoken
Workbook p. 106
Expression
1 Interview a classmate. Find out three things he
or she wants to know about another person in the class. 2 Write the questions your classmate wants to ask. 3 When everyone has finished writing down three questions, walk around the class. Use reported questions to talk to other classmates. Write down their answers. 4 Tell your classmate the answers you discovered.
Unit 1
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Pronunciation
1. Making money
Practice
2. Depression 3. Happiness
Sentence Stress 4
1 Listen to four sentences. Then choose the
alternative that best gives the meaning of the sentence you hear. 1. a. when Lilian bought a car b. who bought a car c. what Lilian bought ü d. what Lilian did – fix, sell, or buy a car
2. a. when Lilian bought a car b. who bought a car c. what Lilian bought d. what Lilian did – fix, sell, or buy a car 3. a. when Lilian bought a car b. who bought a car c. what Lilian bought d. what Lilian did – fix, sell, or buy a car 4. a. when Lilian bought a car b. who bought a car c. what Lilian bought d. what Lilian did – fix, sell, or buy a car
4. World peace 6
2 Listen to the complete audio text and check your
6
3 Listen again and choose the correct alternatives.
answer to Activity 1.
1. Who named an official day of happiness? a. Google Analytics. b. The United Nations. ü c. The United States government. d. The happiest people. 2. In a recent report on world happiness, how many countries came out happier than the United States? a. 18
c. 70
b. 17th
d. 16
3. Which of these have studies shown to be correct? a. You need to be happy to be successful. b. You need to be successful to have a good job. c. You need to work hard to be successful. d. You need to have lots of professional success to be happy. 4. Which of the options below is not something that studies show happens to optimistic people? a. They live longer. b. They experience less stress. c. They make more money. d. They have high blood pressure. 5. How can we change from being negative to being positive? a. We have to focus our time and energy. b. We have to wait till we make more money. c. We have to choose to change. d. We have to reduce our anxiety.
Listening and 5
6. What difference can one happy person make?
Understanding
1 Listen to the first part of an audio text. Then
check which topic you think the audio is going to talk about.
a. It takes 1,000 people to make a difference. b. That person can spread happiness to 1,000 people. c. One thousand people can’t change one person. d. You have to become happier. Positively Happy
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Further Reading 1 What do you think makes the people of a country feel optimistic and happy? Number the items 1–5, beginning with number 1 for what you think is the most important to a country’s happiness. 1. low violence and crime 4. economic prosperity 2. a warm, sunny climate 5. a solid and supportive community 3. living in peaceful times and the absence of war
2 Read the infographic and, if possible, find your country. Are people generally happy or unhappy? Then
check your answers in Activity 1. Did you choose the correct reasons for a country to be rated as happy?
+
The New York Times
www.perspective/blog/news/global-emotions-report/
Atrocious weather, financial hardship, and destructive volcanic eruptions. But the people of Iceland are among the happiest in the world thanks to traits like solidarity, neighborliness, and resilience in the face of adversity.
Although Canadians make less money than their southern neighbors, they show higher levels of happiness, ranking regularly in the top ten happy countries across the world.
The lives of many Mexicans are blighted by lack of security and poverty. But Mexicans are pretty cheerful. Only Costa Rica ranks happier in Latin America.
Costa Rica scored among the three highest countries in the world for happiness. It has no army, and half of the country is covered by trees.
In a survey in 2015, Finland was revealed as the happiest country in Europe – despite having a rather high suicide rate.
Irish people are more satisfied with their lives than average, although the country has been going through an economic crisis.
Somalia is in the middle of a bloody civil conflict – but according to a 2016 survey Somalis are the happiest people in Sub-Saharan Africa.
In the Happy Planet index, Brazil ranked 21st out of 151 countries in the world.
South Africa is the economic powerhouse of the African continent. But its people are unhappier than those of Ethiopia, Iraq, or Nigeria.
Who’s Happy around the World? Wherever you are in the world, happiness is hard to find Afghanistan has been ravaged by with wars for decades. Yet in a study from September 2009, it was discovered that Afghans were happier than the world average. It is suggested that Afghans have adapted to their difficulties and are happy despite them. Singapore’s wealthy population is the unhappiest in Asia – less happy than Iraq’s or Afghanistan’s. China’s GDP increased fourfold between 1990 and 2005. But life satisfaction levels fell, while the suicide rate and the incidence of mental illness rose.
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Afghanistan has been ravaged by with wars for decades. Yet in a study from September 2009, it was discovered that Afghans were happier than the world average. It is suggested that Afghans have adapted to their difficulties and are happy despite them.
China’s GDP increased fourfold between 1990 and 2005. But life satisfaction levels fell, while the suicide rate and the incidence of mental illness rose.
Singapore’s wealthy population is the unhappiest in Asia – less happy than Iraq’s or Afghanistan’s. There is a strong sense of community and high levels of civic participation in Australia, where 95% of people believe that they know someone they could rely on in time of need.
New Zealanders are not as wealthy as their Australian neighbors, but they live in the happiest country in the region.
Irish people are more satisfied with their lives than average, although the country has been going through an economic crisis. In a survey in 2015, Finland was revealed as the happiest country in Europe – despite having a rather high suicide rate. Atrocious weather, financial hardship and destructive volcanic eruptions. But the people of Iceland are among the happiest in the world thanks to traits like solidarity, neighborliness, and resilience in the face of adversity. The lives of many Mexicans are blighted by lack of security and poverty. But Mexicans are pretty cheerful. Only Costa Rica ranks happier in Latin America. Although Canadians make less money than their southern neighbors, they show higher levels of happiness, ranking regularly in the top ten happy countries across the world.
Unit 1
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3 Match the words and expressions from the infographic to their definitions. 1. GDP 2. powerhouse 3. blighted
4. ravaged 5. atrocious
c
a. severely devastated or damaged b. a very strong organization or country c. Gross Domestic Product: a broad quantitative measure of a nation’s total economic activity d. very bad e. spoilt and damaged in a bad way
4 Read the infographic again and write T (True) or F (False).
1. Some very negative people live in Singapore, even though their economy is in great shape. T 2. Americans make less money than Canadians, but are significantly happier. 3. Good social relationships are part of the reason that Australians are happier than some other nations. 4. South Africans are happier than people in some less fortunate countries like Iraq and Ethiopia. 5. Costa Ricans may be happy because they don’t have an army.
5 Look at four extracts from the infographic. Then answer the questions.
New Zealanders are not as wealthy as their Australian neighbors, but they live in the happiest country in the region. There is a strong sense of community and high levels of civic participation in Australia, where 95% of people believe that they know someone they could rely on in time of need. South Africa is the economic powerhouse of the African continent. But its people are unhappier than those of Ethiopia, Iraq, or Nigeria. Somalia is in the middle of a bloody civil conflict – but according to a 2016 survey Somalis are the happiest people in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the Happy Planet index, Brazil ranked 21st out of 151 countries in the world. Costa Rica scored among the three highest countries in the world for happiness. It has no army, and half of the country is covered by trees. Adapted from <http://www.world-economics-journal.com/Well-being%20 and%20Public%20Attitudes%20in%20Afghanistan.details?AID=387>; <http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/21/world/asia/singapore-leasthappy/>; <http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2015/06/ happiness-health-progress-china>; <http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/ countries/ireland/>; <http://www.euronews.com/2015/07/02/finlandtops-european-countries-in-latest-happiness-survey/>; <http://www. bbc.com/travel/story/20160509-the-truth-about-icelandic-happiness>; <http://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/mexico-happy-country-and-ahappy-language/>; <https://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/ heres-where-canada-is-ranked-in-world-happiness-report/65066>; <http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/77974225/New-Zealandersamong-worlds-happiest-people>; <http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex. org/countries/australia/>; <http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/ stnews/international/2016/03/16/Nigeria-Iraq-happier-places-tolive-than-South-Africa>; <http://www.radiodalsan.com/2016/03/17/ somalia-ranked-happiest-country-in-sub-saharan-africa/>; <http://www. happyplanetindex.org/countries/brazil/>; <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/ world/americas/8498456.stm>. Accessed June 21, 2016.
Singapore’s wealthy population is the unhappiest in Asia – less happy than Iraq’s or Afghanistan’s. The lives of many Mexicans are blighted by lack of security and poverty. But Mexicans are pretty cheerful. Only Costa Rica ranks happier in Latin America. South Africa is the economic powerhouse of the African continent. But its people are unhappier than those of Ethiopia, Iraq, or Nigeria. Somalia is in the middle of a bloody civil conflict – but according to a 2016 survey Somalis are the happiest people in Sub-Saharan Africa.
1. What is the difference between Singapore and Mexico in terms of each country’s economic situation? 2. What is the difference between the happiness level of each country? 3. Does this type of data surprise you in any way? 4. How does this compare to the situation in your country? 5. Why is it surprising that South Africans are not as happy as some of their neighbors? Can you suggest reasons for this? 6. Are Somalis happier than or less happy than South Africans? 7. How might it be possible to be happy in a country in a civil conflict? 8. Would you prefer to live in South Africa or Somalia? Give reasons for your answer. Further Reading
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