London Journal_Sample

GRE EUS

TAT

HAC

THAMES CLI FRIENDS

HOPKINS

FRIENDS H HORNS VICTO PASS GLO

SPITAFIELDS MARKET HIGH HOLBOR IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM TOWE BLOOMSBURY ISTANBUL O2 SOU LONDON BRIDGE BEDZED HAMMERSMITH IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM DESIGN MUSEUM PASSFIELD HALL TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD

ALLIES AND MORRISON EUSTON SQUARE SEVEN DIALS BEDZED WESTMINSTER LABAN

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MACHYNLLETH

SERPENTINE PAVILION CAT RESTORE TATE MODERN LSE

MILLENNIUM VILLAGE ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR+ PARTNERS THAMES CLIPPERS ST. PANCRAS

GREENWICH

MACHYNLLETH

EDWARD CULLINAN

NOTTINGHAM OXFORD

AHMM

BLOOMSBURY PICCADILLY LINE TOWER BRIDGE

LAMBETH O2 ARUP ECO-HOUSE HIGH HOLBORN BEDZED CHISWICK PARK CIRCLE LINE BEDZED ST. PAULS HAMMERSMITH RESTORE

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TATE MODERN

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THAMES WHARF HIGH HOLBORN

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GREAT PORTLAN

AHMM RUSSELL SQUAR HYDE PARK TOTTENH HAMMERSMITH PADDINGTON STA CHISWICK PARK LINCOLN’S IN

DUKE OF WELLINGTON LSE THAMES CLIPPERS RESTORE HACKBRIDGE SPITAFIELDS MARKET ALEXANDRA PALACE O2 THAMES CLIPPERS SOHO

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GREENWICH BRITISH MUSEUM PLANET ORGANIC CAMDEN MARKET ROAF ECO-HOUSE REGENT’S PARK O2 RUSSELL SQUARE WATERLOO BRICK LANE

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ANNE THORNE

BRADSHAW GLOBE THEATRE

HYDE PARK

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TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD ST. PANCRAS JUBILEE MILLENNIUM VILLAGE AHMM LEICESTER SQUARE O2 RUSSELL SQUARE ST. JAMES’S PARK TOWER BRIDGE PLANET ORGANIC

ANGEL STATION NOTTINGHAMRESTORE NORTHERN LINE PASSIV HAUS WATERLOO LONDON BRIDGE NORTHERN LINE

BRADSHAW

LONDON

FOSTER + PARTNERS

FOSTER + PARTNERS

RESTORE

JUBILEE CAMPUS ST. PANCRAS LEICESTER SQUARE LSE

EDWARD CULLINAN

RESTORE

MACHYNLLETH

ST. PAULS RESTORE

CAMDEN MARKET HORNSEY O2 MOORGATE FRIENDS HOUSE VICTORIA STATION CUTTY SARK KEW GARDENS CAT BLACKFRIARS ST. PANCRAS

ST. PANCRAS AHMM LSE CUTTY SARK CIRCLE LINE O2 BRICK LANE LSE

TATE MODERN

ARUP HORNSEY

RES

GTON DS HOUSE E T D N

CAT

ANNE THORNE

CAT

HYDE PARK

NBBJ

JUBILEE BRICK LANE PASSFIELD HALL SOHO VICTORIA STATION ROAF ECO-HOUSE LSE O2 HACKBRIDGE SPITAFIELDS MARKET RESTORE COVENT GARDEN SOHO TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD KEW GARDENS

HOPKINS JUBILEE CAMPUS

GRIMSWHAW

ICK LANE ARBICAN ES’S PARK CKBRIDGE AMMERSMITH ARRING CROSS TLAND ISTANBUL ON BRIDGE HE PLOUGH LEXANDRA PALACE O2EMBANKMENT LSE SOUTHWARK THAMES WHARF CAT BLACKFRIARS JUBILEE BRADSHAW O2RESTORE MOORGATE CAT HIGH HOLBORN LABAN

LETH

CAMDEN MARKET

KEW GARDENS LONDON EYE TAVISTOCK SQUARE RESTORE ECO-HOUSE GLOBE THEATRE WESTMINSTER LABAN CHISWICK PARK LAMBETH CITY LINE FOSTER + PARTNERS AHMM THWARK TAVISTOCK SQUARE CIRCLE LINE SOHO SEVEN DIALS MILLENIUM BRIDGE PICCADILLY LINE GREENWICH LABAN WARREN STREET STATION LAMBETH DINGTON STATION RDENS MOORGATE BLACKFRIARS LONDON EYE RESTORE O2 PADDINGTON STATION OXFORD LABAN NG’S CROSS ST. PANCRAS NOTTINGHAM PA EXANDRA PALACE CUTTY SARK LONDON EYE HOLBORN LINCOLN’S INN FIIELDS RESTORE CIRCLE LINE STER SIR JOHN SOANE’S MUSEUM SEVEN DIALS LABAN ROY STREET VICTORIA STATION EU JUBILEE O2 LAMBETH GANIC PA LAMBETH LABAN HAMMERSMITH ON EYE KE GREENWICH DESIGN MUSEUM MILLENIUM VILLAGE ISTANBUL G S MARKET RUSSELL SQUARE BR TAVISTOCK SQUARE LSE WARREN STREET STATION N COVENT GARDEN GLOBE THEATRE WARREN STREET STATION O2 LEICESTER SQUARE GLO VICTORIA STATION CIRCLE LINE BRITISH MUSEUM LAMBETH DON SQUARE KEW HIGH HOLBORN RUSSELL SQUARE RUSSELL SQUARE LONDON EYE BARBICAN BRIC THE PLOUGH DUKE OF WELLINGTON EUSTON STATION SEVEN DIALS HORNSEY NO ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR+ PARTNERS WARREN STREET STATION HAMM KMENT KEW GARDENS GREAT PORTLAND STEET LINCOLN’S INN FIIELDS RESTORE WHARF CIRCLE CHISWICK PARK SEVEN DIALS ALLIE BLACKFRIARS MILLENIUM BRIDGE ECO-HOUSE VICTORIA STATION LINCOLN’S INN FIIELDS GREAT PORTLAND ST ALLIES AND MORRISON SIR JOHN SOANE’S MUSEUM DESIGN MUSEUM KEW GARDENS CUTTY SAR IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM TAVISTOCK SQUARE MILLENIUM VILL SERPENTINE PAVILION

MUSEUM FIIELDS

F E

EDGAR REYES Arch 502 College of Art and Architecture University of Idaho

Contents INTRODUCTION 4 Overview

CULTURE 6 London, Camden, Westminster, Southwark, Lambeth, Islington, Grenwich

PROJECTS 14 Haringy Passivhaus, BedZED, Chiswick Park, Beaufort Court, Roaf Ecohouse, Jubilee Campus

ARCHITECTURE 20 Hopkins, Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, Foster + Partners, Allies Morrison, Edward Cullinan, Arup, NBBJ, Grimshaw, AHMM

DESIGN 25 Centre for Alternative Technology Module, Serpentine Pavilion Design Charrette

4 Overview

LONDON 2011

This journal is an overview of a study abroad course in the United Kingdom that focused on issues of sustainability. The course consisted of visits to sustainable projects throughout London and the United Kingdom. While in London, numerous architecture firms were toured including many with a special focus on sustainabilility. During this time, a short design charrette was undertaken as well as a module at the Centre for Alternative Technology in Wales.

The journal is divided into four categories, cultural sites, sustainable projects, architectural firms, and design. Cultural sites are categorized into the neighborhoods, boroughs. The Sustainable Projects portion details the projects that were visited during the course and many of the aspects that make them sustainable. The portion dealing with architecture firms describes various firms practicing in London. Lastly, the design chapter details both design problems that were undertaken while at the Centre for Alternative Technology and during the charrette design session for the Serpentine Pavilion.

JULY 2011 SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

City of London

Passive Haus Camden

Hopkins BedZED Greenwich

Westminster Rogers + Partners

Chiswick Park Foster+ Partners

Islington

3

4

10 CAT

11 Oxford Roaf Eco-House

17

18 Grimshaw

24

INTRODUCTION

5

RES Allies Morrison

6

7

12 Regent’s Park Edward Cullinan

19

13 Arup Globe Theatre

14 Nottingham Jubilee Campus

20

21

9

15

16

22

23

26

27

NBBJ

Kew Gardens

Serpantine Pavilion Design Charette Hyde Park AHMM

25

8

Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT)

28

29

30

5

6 5 7 12

1

11

9

LONDON 2011

10

8

3 4

City of London Oxford Nottingham Machynlleth Camden Islington City of Westminster Sutton Greenwich Richmond Upon Thames Southwark Lambeth

2 1

INTRODUCTION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

6 City of London

CULTURE

LONDON 2011

The actual City of London is quite small and only makes up a very small portion of Greater London.

The City of London consists of the historic core and contains many of London’s most historic structures including St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London. Despite its historic architecture, the City of London is also the financial center of the city and contains many well known modern skyscrapers such as 30 St. Mary Axe. and the Lloyd’s Building.

7

Camden

LONDON 2011

The Borough of Camden is located just north the City of London and is very centrally located within Greater London. Most of the time spent in London was spent in Camden as it was the location of University College London where we were hosted.

Camden was a convenient neighborhood to stay in.

It’s central location makes it a convenient location when getting around in Greater London. Many locations were easily accessible by foot. Camden also contains many rail stations including Euston Station, King’s Cross, and St. Pancras which were all used to access other parts of England. Within Camden are numerous cultural sites including the British Museum, a portion of Regent’s Park, and Sir John Soane’s Museum. Camden is also well known for its markets and squares specifically within the neighborhood of Bloomsbury.

CULTURE

8 City of Westminster

CULTURE

LONDON 2011

The City of Westminster contains many of London’s well known attractions. Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, and the Palace of Westminster are all located here. Westminster also contains well known public spaces such as Trafalgar Square, Hyde Park, St. James Park and Picadilly Circus.

Though not much time was spent in Westminster, the borough contains many cultural attractions for both visitors and residents. A great view of Westminster is available from the London Eye just across the Thames River.

9

Southwark

LONDON 2011

The Borough of Southwark is located to the south of Westminster and the City of London. Located on the southern side of the Thames river, Southwark houses the well known Tate Modern as well as the Globe Theatre. Other monuments within Southwark are the Tower Bridge and the Millennium Bridge. Southwark also contains sustainable architecture such as Norman Foster’s London City Hall. The borough also shares Tower Bridge with the City of London. This area of London has great views of the skyscrapers of London’s financial district. The Design Museum is located in Southwark along with the offices of NBBJ, where our course design charrette took place.

CULTURE

10 Lambeth

CULTURE

LONDON 2011

The Borough of Lambeth is located on the south bank of the Thames River just west of the Borough of Southwark. Though this neighborhood was not visited often during the course, it does contain the London Eye as well as the Imperial War Museum.

The area also contains the South Bank which is an active public space along the Thames River.

The London Eye is located along the South Bank.

Its close location to Westminster allows for great views of the Palace of Westminster and all of London from the London Eye.

11

Islington Islington is located just east of the Borough of Camden and just north of the City of London.

Islington was visited on a few occasions most notably to visit the offices of Edward Cullinan. Near Edward Cullinan’s offices are a series of canals that run through Islignton. The Canals are filled with narrowboats and the banks contain walkways that are often used by pedestrians, joggers and bikers.

LONDON 2011 CULTURE

12 Greenwich

CULTURE

LONDON 2011

The Borough of Greenwich is located to the east of the City of London, on the southern bank of the River Thames. Greenwich is the home of the O2, Millenium Village, and contained an active antiques market during the day of our visit. While in Greenwich a tour of the Laban Dance Center in nearby Deptford and a tour of a local Sainsbury’s also took place. The Sainsbury’s was notable because of its use of daylight throughout the building and use of vertical axis wind turbines, something unusual for supermarkets anywhere.

13

Greater London Many cultural events and sustainable projects were located in other boroughs of Greater London. Richmond Upon Thames is the location of Kew Gardens, a large collection of gardens and botanical glasshouses containing plants from many parts of the world. The expansive site includes the world’s largest public glasshouse featuring the world’s largest indoor plant.

LONDON 2011

Hornsey, located in the borough of Haringey, contains a home designed by Anne Thorne Architects and built to Passivhaus standards. This neighborhood also contains Alexandra Palace, a recreation and entertainment venue that was built as a counterpart to the Crystal Palace. This suburb was notable because of the clusters of development that were surrounded by clusters of park space such as Alexandra Park and Queens Wood.

Hackbridge, in the Borough of Sutton, contains the Beddington Zero Energy Development (BedZED) project which will be discussed later in the journal.

Hackbridge, a suburb, seemed to be more compact than a typical American suburb and was easily accessible by rail. This seemed to be the case for most London suburbs as all trips in and around London were made by rail or by foot.

CULTURE

14 Haringey Passivhaus

PROJECTS

LONDON 2011

The Haringey Passivhaus is a project designed by Anne Thorne Architects. The project is a retrofit of an Edwardian terraced house in the borough of Haringey. The home has been retrofit to Passivhaus standards.

Passivhaus is a rigorous energy performance standard that strives for ultra-low energy buildings that focus on space heating and cooling efficiency.

To achieve Passivhaus standards many buildings focus on having high levels of insulation, great airtightness and whole house mechanical ventilation. Passivhaus standards require that no more than 15 kWh/m² per year (4746 btu/ft² per year) be used for heating and that total energy consumption not exceed 120 kWh/m² per year (3.79 x 104 btu/ft² per year).

This project was particularly interesting because it was part of a retrofit, which is usually not the case for a Passivhaus project. Because the project is still new it still is being monitored for user comfort and energy use and will continue to be for the next two years.

15

Beddington Zero Energy Development The Beddington Zero Energy Development (BedZED) is perhaps the most well known and most published project that was toured during the course. Touring the site allowed us to see how well the project was functioning.

LONDON 2011

BedZED was planned as a large-scale mixed use sustainable community. The community was designed around the idea that each resident would live within only their share of the planet’s resources. The project includes 99 units, 25% of which are for social housing, achieving a density of 100 units per hectare.

PROJECTS

16 Chiswick Park

LONDON 2011

Chiswick Park is an office development designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour and Partners and engineered

by Arup. The 33 acre, 12 building complex is designed around the idea of creating a pleasant work environment for employees.

An energy efficient displacement ventilation system, a system not common in office buildings at the time, was used in all the buildings at Chiswick Park, this allowed for flexible office spaces through an open floor plan. All the structures were designed with full-height windows allowing for the maximum amount of daylight to enter the structure. The resulting design is a glass box with shading devices along the eastern and southern sides.

A phased project such as Chiswick Park has the benefit of learning how different strategies work or don’t work in previous phases and adapt better strategies in new phases. One such adaptation was the decrease in u-value and the amount of glazing in new structures to conserve energy. The shading devices were also slightly modified in new structures to minimise solar heat gain, and provide better control of light and glare. The shading device modifications can be found on the seventh building in the project, which was the first in the complex to contain a motorized shading device system.

PROJECTS

Though the project was constructed on a a brownfield, having primarily one use, workers must commute for a single purpose. However, the project was created in this neighborhood partially because of the lack of quality employment opportunities in the area, in the future more employees of Chiswick Park may choose to live closer.

17

Beaufort Court, RES RES is a renewable energy developer that primarily focuses on wind energy. RES has been in the wind energy industry since the 1970’s. Aside from developing, designing and financing wind technology, RES owns and operates their own wind farms as a private power producer in the UK.

During our visit we were given a tour of the complex as well as introduced to some of the energy issues the United Kingdom is currently facing. Though, previously a net-zero complex, the expansion of the office has caused it to require more energy than it produces, however the complex is still low-carbon.

LONDON 2011

Their headquarters are located just outside of London in what was formerly a disused poultry farm and is now a state-of-the-art eco-friendy office known as Beaufort Court. Beaufort court has an arrangement of renewable energy technologies on-site that provide heat, power and cooling while educating visitors about how such technologies work.

PROJECTS

18 Roaf Ecohouse

LONDON 2011

The Roaf Ecohouse, also known as the Oxford Ecohouse, was the United Kingdom’s first lowenergy home with an integrated photovoltaic roof.

Designed by Sue Roaf and David Woods, the six bedroom home is the residence of Sue Roaf.

Probably the second most published project on our tour, next to BedZED, this home is well-known for being one of the lowest energy homes in the United Kingdom from more than 15 years ago.

The project produces only 148 kg CO2/annum m² compared to a comparable UK home which produces 5000 kg CO2/annum m².

The project used a few strategies similar to that of Passivhaus to achieve low-energy. Insulation and thermal mass are used extensively in the home as well as triple-glazing throughout the home with the exception of the sun room. An integral part of the low-energy strategy is the homes ability to produce its own energy which is done by using 48 photovoltaic modules. These modules produce a surplus in the summer months and energy is taken from the grid in the winter months. Alongside the photovoltaic panels, a solar hot water system provides hot water for the home, again reducing the amount of energy required by the home.

PROJECTS

The tour was conducted by someone who knew the home very well which allowed us to gain an insight into how comfortable the home was. Our guide explained that growing up in the home he didn’t recall the home ever being uncomfortable.

19

Nottingham University, Jubilee Campus Now more than a decade old, the University of Nottingham’s Jubilee Campus is built upon a former industrial site. This former brownfield has been transformed into a modern campus that serves as part of the University of Nottingham system.

LONDON 2011

One of the most easily visible elements of the transformation are the various ponds and lakes located throughout the campus. These water bodies are meant to retain storm water and play a vital role in cooling the buildings. Upon the structures of the campus, green roofs provide habitat for various grasses and help maintain steady temperatures throughout the year. Other less visible elements that help make the Jubilee Campus energy efficient include the use of passive ventilation in certain areas such as the many atria located within the campus, heat recovery mechanical ventilation systems, sensors to help reduce energy consumption, and the ability to produce its own energy through photovoltaic panels.

Though no actual numbers on energy generation were given, and likely not a net-zero project, the University of Nottingham is very active in pursuing sustainability and will likely continue its strong efforts to become more sustainable.

PROJECTS

20 Hopkins Architects

LONDON 2011

Hopkins Architects have been practicing architecture for over three decades. The firm believes architectural craft, innovative design and environmental responsibility have been the keys to their success. The firm has an extensive portfolio of national and international projects and has won many major architectural awards. Their offices are located just outside of London.

During our visit, our guide discussed the construction of the Hopkins Practice office, a project that was done early on in the firms career. When designing the office, the architects were looking for a design that showed how the firm could be versatile with many materials. The Patera building system was used on the project, a building system that had been developed by the firm for a previous project. This system consists of a tubular-steel lattice frame on the exterior of the building envelope.

Insulated panels are then used for the walls and roof of the building. As the practice grew, the firm had the ability to alter the Patera system slightly in new buildings, creating a more simple columnar supports, rather than a tubular-steel lattice.

The open floor plan that the Patera system created allowed for an office environment that was well lit and gave all employees access to daylight. As the first office visited for the course, Hopkins Architects provided a great introduction to the practice of architecture in the United Kingdom.

Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

ARCHITECTS

Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners was among the most well-known firms that were toured. Having a career that spans more than three decades and having won the Stirling Prize multiple times, Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners has been a well established international firm for quite some time.

Our visit consisted of an overall tour of the office as well as a discussion of current projects including 3 World Trade Center, the firms high-rise structure on the former World Trade Center site. Apparent through the work on display in their lobby, the firm values model-making and has numerous staff members dedicated entirely to model making. A tour of the shop allowed us a glimpse at the time and precision required to complete such elaborate models.

21 The practice is located in a multistory structure along the Thames. Though the office was located a few miles outside of central London, many employees used bicycles to commute to work . The overall office environment seemed quite relaxed and many workers seemed to be encouraged to dress casually.

Foster + Partners

Touring the office allowed to experience how the firm worked. Our tour consisted of an overview of the primary office building on their campus.

The primary space consists of an open floor plan with full-height windows allowing for views of the Thames. The workspaces are laid out very logically in rows and service spaces such as the shop or conference areas are located in the back portion of the building. Model making was highly stressed in the practice, as it seemed to be for most UK firms.

The firm had advanced 3D printing technology which aided them in the creation of conceptual models.

LONDON 2011

Foster + Partners was among the most well established international firms we toured. They described their design approach as being tied to the spiritual and material needs of people as well as a concern physical context, climate and culture.

They also described environmental awareness as being an integral part the of the practice’s culture.

ARCHITECTS

22 Allies and Morrison Architects

LONDON 2011

Allies and Morrison Architects has been in practice since the mid 1980’s. The practice stresses how buildings work, how they are made and pays close attention to the public spaces buildings can create.

During our tour we were shown many aspects that make their office a comfortable place to work. Among the buildings best features are the outdoor patio space located on the southern portion of the building and the terraced gardens that run along the exterior of the building. These garden spaces provide views and greenery for the workers throughout the building. One of the most important features of the building in creating user comfort is the thin footprint of the structure.

This allows for every occupant to have access to daylight through full-height windows on the northern facade. From the model workshop to the highly polished concrete, the attention to detail that the firm stresses is noticed throughout the building.

The practice is located in their RIBA award winning studios in Southwark. Among the firms visited in London, this office seemed to have the most relaxing atmosphere, no doubt partially because of the building design.

Edward Cullinan Architects

ARCHITECTS

Edward Cullinan Architects has been a practice since the mid 1960’s when it was established by Ted Cullinan. The practice has been incorporating sustainability into its designs for almost 40 years and also pays close attention to historical and physical context, During our visit we were taken through a few project that employed the values of the firm. One particular project was the Centre for Mathematical Sciences at Cambridge University. The center was able to used thermal mass, natural ventilation, night cooling, and solar shading to make all of the buildings low-energy. Special attention was also paid to public space in the organization of the seven buildings in the complex.

The practice is located in a retrofitted building along one of the many canals of Islington in North London. The office operates out of a single building that blends in well with the character of the neighborhood.

23

Arup and Associates Among the largest firms that we visited, Arup and Associates has an extensive international portfolio that includes projects involving architecture, planning and engineering.

LONDON 2011

During our visit, Arup and Associates discussed the Serpentine Pavilion. As the engineers for the Serpentine Pavilion they were able to discuss previous pavilion designs and problems they have run into during construction. The firm was able to discuss the construction of the current pavilion in great detail even discussing the construction of the furniture. The firm also discussed the future endeavors of Arup as well as their creation of Drivers of Change, a set of issues they have identified that help drive change in the world.

Arup has played a role in an immense amount of projects around the world and as such have many international offices as well as the greatest amount of staff of any firm we visited. The majority of Arup’s interdisciplinary staff is located in their London office not far from Central London.

Though our visit was brief, Arup appeared to be developing innovative technology. Having an interdisciplinary staff allowed the firm to specialize in various niche areas of architecture and design.

As a large interdisciplinary firm they no doubt had the greatest variety of work.

Allford Hall Monaghan Morris Allford Hall Monaghan Morris described their work as creating buildings that are satisfying, enjoyable, and beautiful. The practice has been in existence for about 20 years and believes that architecture should be positive and inspirational, but never overbearing.

ARCHITECTS

Our visit consisted of presentations from people at various levels in the firm. We discussed sustainability, model making, and the firms projects. When visiting this office we were also able to get an insight into the workings of this office through someone with our background, an American intern. The intern described British practice as being different from American practice in how relationships are carried out with clients.

She believed that the relationships with English firms and their clients were more personal than those of American firms.

24 Allford Hall Monaghan Morris also had a dedicated model making team that we were able to visit with.

The firm used color extensively in its projects and could often be seen carried from their conceptual models to the completed building.

Though this firm was among the younger firms we visited, they already have a lengthy list of awards and nominations. Their portfolio also features diverse projects and they have recently began to work internationally.

LONDON 2011

NBBJ NBBJ is a global architecture firm with offices throughout the world. Their London office is located in Southwark near Tower Bridge and the Design Museum. The London office has a small staff and includes many people that have worked internationally, including an alumnae of the University of Idaho and our host Crysta Falcon.

Durring our visit Crysta went through an overview of the work done at the London office. The London office focuses heavily on the design of hospitals and educational facilities. Crysta explained NBBJ’s approach to the design of a specific facility, their BioEnterprises Innovation Centre for Queen Mary at the University of London, which had been recently nominated for a RIBA award. This specific project used an innovative preservative that was used in the wood cladding found throughout the structures exterior.

ARCHITECTS

Crysta was able to give us more insight from our perspective, having completed the same program.

Though one of the smallest firms we toured during the course, the London offices of NBBJ have undertaken many complex and program intensive projects. Like most firms we toured the firm had a strong focus on model making, despite not having any dedicated model making staff.

25

CAT: Post Occupancy Analysis Module The Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) has been teaching sustainability near Machynlleth, Wales for over 35 years. The Centre serves as a display and education center for sustainable practices for both visitors and postgraduate students. The Graduate School of the Environment at CAT offers courses through five day modules.

One particular module dealt with post-occupancy evaluation (POE).

LONDON 2011

Post-occupancy evaluations are becoming more common in the United Kingdom as part of the Soft Landings Framework, which is a comprehensive commissioning process. Post-occupancy evaluations seek to evaluate if a building is working as intended and assess user satisfaction with the building. As part of the module, the Wales Institute for Sustainable Education (WISE) building on the CAT campus was evaluated.

As an introduction to the module, we were given a tour by the architect of the WISE building. The tour allowed us to understand the architect’s intentions behind the design of the building. The architect also showed us how different passive systems were designed to work. Identifying how the building’s passive systems are designed to work helped us identify one of the reasons some users may not have found their comfort level in the building to be optimal, lack of knowledge of how such systems worked.

A portion of the module also consisted of attempting to determine the most important questions a POE might ask. During this process, we attempted to create our own POE survey questions by identifying what we thought mattered most in comfort. This gave us an insight into the thought and neutrality that must go into a survey.

DESIGN

Lastly, we conducted a POE survey developed in part by Bill Bordass, whom we later met with. The surveys were conducted throughout the day and involved faculty, staff and students who used the WISE building throughout the day.

Percentile

26

A | Nseover

21

32

Unsatisfactory :1 :2

LONDON 2011

Post-occupancy analysis of the WISE building revealed that occupants were overall satisfied with the ambient quality of the building. Issues that were revealed through the post occupancy survey were problems with the amount of noise comfort in the building.

Of the forty seven survey questions posted in the survey, six crucial questions are shown at the right.

Among comfort overall, design, winter conditions, summer conditions, and lighting conditions, the survey results showed high levels of comfort when compared to similar buildings and ranked highest overall in summer conditions.

The survey results are shown in both a bar graph representing all of the survey responses, as well as a plot graph showing where the building ranks when compared to data from similar buildings. The data collected for both the winter and the summer season analyzed air quality for dryness, freshness and odor. The overall results for both seasons showed that most occupants were quite comfortable.

3

6

12

:4

4

:5

5

:6

:2

21 26

:4

9

Satisfactory: 7

Nseover

80 60 40 20

v

4

^

Temperature in winter: overall L

2

Benchmark

© BUSMethodology 2011

Scale midpoint

Unsatisfactory: 1

0

10

20

Noise Overall

30

Mean

36

7: Satisfactory

Ltover

4.44

3.8

4.2

4

50

60

Study mean

70

Percentile

A 80

90

Uncomfortable :1 :2

0

0

3

:3

7

:4

4

:5

6

:6

15

Comfortable :7

Uncomfortable :1

Per cent

8

L Benchmark Scale midpoint

© BUSMethodology 2011

Unsatisfactory: 1

100

0

10

20

33

WISE building

30

3.82

4.18

4

midpoint 60Scale 70 80

99

A 90

100

58

Percentile

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Study mean: 6 | Study building percentile: 99 | Quintile: 5!

Uncomfortable :1 :2

16

:4

9

Uncomfortable :1

7: Comfortable

Comfortable: 7

6

0

2

4

17

Comfortable :7

19

0

6

:6

35

Per cent

3

:5

14

Count 0

:3

Twover

U 3.88

Building code: 1178 | Benchmarks: BUS 2011 UK benchmark!

Lighting Overall Web content © BUSMethodology 2011

7

Twover

Mean

3.52 3.7

Study mean 40 50

Percentile

A | Tsover

Study mean: 5.09 | Study building percentile: 86 | Quintile: 5!

Building code: 1178 | Benchmarks: BUS 2011 UK benchmark!

Web content © BUSMethodology 2011

20

Score: 6

40

Count

40

2

Scale midpoint

86

80 60

4

U

4.04 4.24

40

Percentile

A | Twover

WISE building

In several instances not shown, survey data showed “Best in Study”, including humidity and summer comfort overall.

18

0 7

13 37 39

7: Comfortable

Tsover

Tsover

6

5

5

80 60

v ^

40

4 v

20

^

3

DESIGN

30

v

3

Score: 5.09

80 60 40 20

3

2

2

A

© BUSMethodology 2011 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Uncomfortable: 1

100

Conditions in Winter Overall

A

© BUSMethodology 2011 0

Percentile

WISE building

19

^ Temperature in summer: overall

3

Uncomfortable: 1

17

4

Ltover

5

5

4

2

9

6

6

Comfortable: 7

0

1

14

Satisfactory :7

Unsatisfactory :1

0

9

:6

7: Satisfactory

Nseover

Per cent

2

:5

9

Count 4

:3

19

4

13

Unsatisfactory :1

11

9

Satisfactory :7

Satisfactory: 7

Per cent

10

:3

Unsatisfactory :1

Count

96

Study mean: 5.68 | Study building percentile: 96 | Quintile: 5!

Building code: 1178 | Benchmarks: BUS 2011 UK benchmark!

Web content © BUSMethodology 2011

Study mean: 3.87 | Study building percentile: 21 | Quintile: 1!

Building code: 1178 | Benchmarks: BUS 2011 UK benchmark!

Web content © BUSMethodology 2011

Post-Occupancy Analysis

Percentile

A | Ltover

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Percentile

43

Conditions in Summer Overall

WISE building

40

Percentile

82

A | Comfover

12

Study mean: 5.47 | Study building percentile: 91 | Quintile: 5!

Building code: 1178 | Benchmarks: BUS 2011 UK benchmark!

Web content © BUSMethodology 2011

Study mean: 5.6 | Study building percentile: 82 | Quintile: 5!

Building code: 1178 | Benchmarks: BUS 2011 UK benchmark!

Web content © BUSMethodology 2011

Unsatisfactory :1 :2

1

2

1

:4

2

:5

16

:6

18

Satisfactory :7

Satisfactory: 7

Per cent

0

:3

Unsatisfactory :1

Count

9

Unsatisfactory :1 :2

0

:3

4

:5

34

Unsatisfactory :1

7: Satisfactory

Design

Satisfactory: 7

Design

0

2

4

8

22

Satisfactory :7

19

0

2

:6

38

Per cent

4

:4

2

Count

9

27

A | Design

9 4

17 47 19

7: Satisfactory

Comfover

Comfover

6

6 80

4

20

4

40 20

^

3

3

2

2

Unsatisfactory: 1

60

v

40

^

80

5

60

v

LONDON 2011

5

A

© BUSMethodology 2011 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Unsatisfactory: 1

100

10

Percentile

WISE building Design Overall

A

© BUSMethodology 2011 0

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Percentile

18

Comfort Overall

WISE building

17

DESIGN

28 Serpentine Pavilion

LONDON 2011

The Serpentine Pavilion is an annual commission by the Serpentine Gallery located in Kensington Gardens in Hyde Park. The gallery commissions an international architect to design a pavilion on their lawn. The temporary pavilion is then used throughout the summer to host outdoor events and is removed at the end of the season.

Using the idea of creating a temporary design that could be disassembled and assembled anywhere, the idea behind our pavilion design was to create a transient structure that could adapt to a new location and new views, while maintaining all the program requirements of the pavilion.

The design of this pavilion creates three separate spaces to accommodate the three main areas of the program, an open enclosed space, a seating area, and a cafĂŠ space. These spaces are separated through a series of platforms and connected through a circular ramp around the perimeter of the structure. The structure is composed of tubular steel and wrapped in an architectural fabric that will make the structure easy to deconstruct and reassemble.

DESIGN VALUES OPEN FLEXIBLE SPACE VIEWS LIGHT VENTILATION OPEARABLE

MINIMAL SITE IMPACT

DESIGN

TRANSIENT

AIRY

RESPONDS TO ENVIRONMENT ADAPTABLE

GALLERIA

STREET

PATHS

UNIVERSAL DESIGN NON-SLIP FLOOR

ACCESSIBILITY

MONUMENTS

29

SITE PLAN

WATER CATCHMENT TROUGHS

3 2

LONDON 2011

BOUNDS OF CONSTRUCTION SITE COMPACTED EARTH PLAZA

1

STONE PAVERS

4

SERPENTINE PAVILION

JARED CASTO

KELLY HALLSTROM

KATHERINE WOOD VARELA EDGAR REYES

CAFE FLEXIBLE SPACE RAISED SEATING INFO AREA

DESIGN

1 2 3 4

30 LONDON 2011

NORTH-SOUTH SECTION

3

DESIGN

2

1 2 3

CAFE FLEXIBLE SPACE RAISED SEATING

SERPENTINE PAVILION

JARAD CASTO CASTO KELLY KELLY HALLSTROM HALLSTROM KATHERINE KATHERINE WOOD WOOD VARELA VARELA EDGAR EDGAR REYES REYES JARED

1

31

DESIGN DIAGRAMS

LONDON 2011

PROGRAM

DESIGN

STRUCTURE SERPENTINE PAVILION

JARED CASTO

KELLY HALLSTROM

KATHERINE WOOD VARELA EDGAR REYES

GRE EUS

TAT

HAC

THAMES CLI FRIENDS

HOPKINS

FRIENDS H HORNS VICTO PASS GLO

O2 PADDINGTON STATION LONDON EYE CIRCLE LINE SEVEN DIALS O2 LAMBETH HAMMERSMITH

FOSTER + PARTNERS

NOTTINGHAM

BRADSHAW TAVISTOCK SQUARE LSE

LIN

MACHYNLLETH

JUBILEE CAMPUS ST. PANCRAS LEICESTER SQUARE LSE

EDWARD CULLINAN

AHMM LABAN

RESTORE

JUBILEE LAMBETH LABAN GREENWICH DESIGN MUSEUM

RESTORE

ST. PAULS

LABAN

RESTORE

RES RESTORE

CAMDEN MARKET HORNSEY O2 MOORGATE FRIENDS HOUSE VICTORIA STATION CUTTY SARK KEW GARDENS CAT BLACKFRIARS ST. PANCRAS

OXFORD

RESTORE LABAN

ST. PANCRAS AHMM LSE CUTTY SARK CIRCLE LINE O2 BRICK LANE LSE

LONDON EYE

MACHYNLLETH

LONDON EYE TAVISTOCK SQUARE ECO-HOUSE LAMBETH

MILLENNIUM VILLAGE ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR+ PARTNERS THAMES CLIPPERS ST. PANCRAS

EDWARD CULLINAN

DUKE OF WELLINGTON LSE THAMES CLIPPERS RESTORE HACKBRIDGE SPITAFIELDS MARKET ALEXANDRA PALACE O2 THAMES CLIPPERS SOHO

SERPENTINE PAVILION CAT RESTORE TATE MODERN LSE

ALLIES AND MORRISON EUSTON SQUARE SEVEN DIALS BEDZED WESTMINSTER LABAN

TATE MODERN

ICK LANE ARBICAN S’S PARK KBRIDGE MMERSMITH ARRING CROSS TLAND ISTANBUL N BRIDGE E PLOUGH LEXANDRA PALACE O2EMBANKMENT LSE SOUTHWARK THAMES WHARF CAT BLACKFRIARS JUBILEE BRADSHAW O2RESTORE MOORGATE CAT HIGH HOLBORN LABAN

ANNE THORNE

CAT

ARUP HORNSEY

NBBJ

BLACKFRIARS NG’S CROSS ST. PANCRAS EXANDRA PALACE CUTTY SARK HOLBORN LINCOLN’S INN FIIELDS STER SIR JOHN SOANE’S MUSEUM ROY STREET VICTORIA STATION GANIC ON EYE MILLENIUM VILLAGE ISTANBUL S MARKET RUSSELL SQUARE WARREN STREET STATION LEICESTER SQUARE DON SQUARE BARBICAN HORNSEY KMENT WHARF

PA

F E EU

PA KE G BR

N COVENT GARDEN GLOBE THEATRE WARREN STREET STATION O2 GLO VICTORIA STATION CIRCLE LINE BRITISH MUSEUM LAMBETH KEW HIGH HOLBORN RUSSELL SQUARE RUSSELL SQUARE LONDON EYE BRIC THE PLOUGH DUKE OF WELLINGTON EUSTON STATION SEVEN DIALS NO ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR+ PARTNERS WARREN STREET STATION HAMM KEW GARDENS GREAT PORTLAND STEET LINCOLN’S INN FIIELDS RESTORE CIRCLE CHISWICK PARK SEVEN DIALS ALLIE BLACKFRIARS MILLENIUM BRIDGE ECO-HOUSE VICTORIA STATION LINCOLN’S INN FIIELDS GREAT PORTLAND ST ALLIES AND MORRISON SIR JOHN SOANE’S MUSEUM DESIGN MUSEUM KEW GARDENS CUTTY SAR IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM

FOSTER + PARTNERS

GTON S HOUSE E T D N

CAT

MACHYNLLETH

TAVISTOCK SQUARE CIRCLE LINE SOHO PICCADILLY LINE MILLENIUM BRIDGE WARREN STREET STATION LAMBETH

HYDE PARK

SEVEN DIALS

JUBILEE BRICK LANE PASSFIELD HALL SOHO VICTORIA STATION ROAF ECO-HOUSE LSE O2 HACKBRIDGE SPITAFIELDS MARKET RESTORE COVENT GARDEN SOHO TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD KEW GARDENS

THWARK GREENWICH DINGTON STATION RDENS MOORGATE

HOPKINS JUBILEE CAMPUS

LETH

SPITAFIELDS MARKET HIGH HOLBOR IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM TOWE BLOOMSBURY ISTANBUL O2 SOU LONDON BRIDGE BEDZED HAMMERSMITH IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM DESIGN MUSEUM PASSFIELD HALL TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD

PARK GRIMSWHAWCITY LINE FOSTER + PARTNERS

CAMDEN MARKET

FIIELDS

LONDON EYE

AHMM

GREAT PORTLAN

AHMM RUSSELL SQUAR HYDE PARK TOTTENH HAMMERSMITH PADDINGTON STA CHISWICK PARK LINCOLN’S IN

GREENWICH

PASSFIELD HALL

FOSTER + PARTNERS

CAT OXFORD

BLOOMSBURY PICCADILLY LINE TOWER BRIDGE

LAMBETH O2 ARUP ECO-HOUSE DZED BEDZED CHISWICK PARK HIGH HOLBORN TATION CIRCLE LINE BEDZED ST. PAULS HAMMERSMITH RESTORE LINAN NOTTINGHAM OXFORD KEW GARDENS MUSEUM

NWICH

ANNE

PASSFIELD H PLANET ORG

JUBILEE CAMPU NBBJ NOTTINGHAM

TATE M

THE PLOUG HACKBRID ST. JAMES’S BARBICA LONDON ALEXAN BLACKFRI HORNSEY

GRIMSWH

KING’S CROSS TH

EUSTON SQUARE GREENWICH

TATE MODERN

THAMES WHARF HIGH HOLBORN

RESTORE GLOBE THEATRE WESTMINSTER LABAN CHISWICK

TATE MODERN

VICTORIA STATION

GREENWICH BRITISH MUSEUM PLANET ORGANIC CAMDEN MARKET ROAF ECO-HOUSE REGENT’S PARK O2 RUSSELL SQUARE WATERLOO BRICK LANE

GRIMSWHAW

O2

GLOBE THEATRE

CHARRING CROSS SOHO CIRCLE LINE

RES

RESTORE

ANNE THORNE

BRADSHAW GLOBE THEATRE

HYDE PARK

MACHYNLLETH

TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD ST. PANCRAS JUBILEE MILLENNIUM VILLAGE AHMM LEICESTER SQUARE O2 RUSSELL SQUARE ST. JAMES’S PARK TOWER BRIDGE PLANET ORGANIC

ANGEL STATION NOTTINGHAMRESTORE NORTHERN LINE PASSIV HAUS WATERLOO LONDON BRIDGE NORTHERN LINE