Tamilnadu State Board Syllabus Tamilnadu State Board Syllabus Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education, established in 1910, is under the purview of the Department of Education, Government of Tamil Nadu, India. Up to and ending at the secondary (class 10) level, the following streams of education are offered: the SSLC (Secondary School Leaving Certificate) stream, the Anglo-Indian stream, the Oriental School Leaving Certificate (OSLC) stream and the Matriculation stream. And for higher secondary (classes 11 and 12) there is single unified stream leading to the award of the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC). The Tamil Nadu State Board of School Examination evaluates students' progress by conducting two board examinations-one at the end of class 10 and the other at the end of class 12. The scores from the class 12 board examinations are used by universities to determine eligibility and as a cut-off for admissions into their programmes. The jurisdiction of the board extends to schools located in the state of Tamil Nadu. Schools can choose to affiliate themselves to the Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education or to other boards-the CBSE or the ICSE-that are authorized to conduct secondary (class 10) and higher secondary (class 12) final examinations and award certificates to successful candidate. H.S.S. Lawrence is regarded in Tamil Nadu to be the Architect of Higher Secondary Education in Tamil Nadu. As Special Officer for restructuring Educational Pattern in Tamil Nadu and as Director of School Education, Dr. Lawrence planned and implemented the All India 10+2+3 pattern of education in 1978.
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Methods of Natural and Social Sciences Science is a methodical approach to study the natural and social world. Science asks basic questions such as how does the world work? How did the world come into existence? What was the world in the past, what is it like now and what will it be in future? These questions are answered with the help of observation and experiments. The data received is analyzed and interpreted with the help of logic. Scientific knowledge is systematic, unified and organized. Science attempts to bring particular facts under general laws forming parts of a consistent whole. It collects as many facts as possible and then seeks to unify them by finding out their mutual relations and inter connections. Science employs special means and methods to render true and exact knowledge. The task of a scientist is to discover facts but a haphazard collection of facts cannot be said to constitute a science. A geographer, for example, may be interested in describing the exact configuration of a particular coastline or a geologist in more precise nature of rock strata in a particular locality, but in more advance science basic descriptive knowledge of this or that particular fact is of little importance. The scientist is eager to search out more general truths, of which particular facts are instances and for which they constitute evidences. Isolated particular facts may be known by direct observation but the scientist seeks more than a mere record of phenomena. He seeks to formulate general laws which state the patterns of all such occurrences in a systematic way. A scientist is engaged in a search of the natural laws according to which all particular events occur. Particular facts challenge the scientist to unify and explain them by discovering their lawful connections, and plurality of general laws challenge the scientist to unify and explain them by discovering a still more general principle that subsumes the several laws as special cases. This can be made clear by the following examples:
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