1.4.25 ● Optimisation

1.4.25 ● Optimisation

TINA’S enhanced optimisation tool can tweak one or more unknown circuit parameters to achieve a predefined target response. The target circuit response (voltage, current, impedance, or power) must be monitored by meters. For example, you can specify several working point DC voltages or AC transfer function parameters and have TINA determine the values of the selected components.

1.4.26 ● Post-processor

Another great new tool of TINA is its post-processor. With the post-processor, you can add new curves of virtually any node and component voltage or current to existing diagrams. In addition, you can post-process existing curves by adding or subtracting curves, or by applying mathematical functions to them. You can also draw trajectories; i.e., draw any voltage or current as a function of another voltage or current.

1.4.27 ● Presentation

With TINA you can make quality documents incorporating Bode plots, Nyquist, Phasor, Polar and Smith diagrams, transient responses, digital waveforms, and other data using linear or logarithmic scales. You can also customise presentations easily using TINA’s advanced drawing tools and can print your plots directly from TINA, cut and pasting them into your favourite word processing package, or export them to popular standard formats. Customisation includes complete control over texts, axes, and plot style; e.g., setting line width and colour, fonts in all sizes and colour, and automatic or manual scaling for each axis. In TINA v12 and later versions, the cursor display is integrated into the diagram window and it is possible to display all curves under the cursor.

1.4.28 ● Interactive mode

When everything is in order, the ultimate test of your circuit is to try it in a real-life situation using its interactive controls (such as keypads and switches) and watching its displays and other indicators. You can carry out such a test using TINA’s interactive mode. You can not only play with the controls but can also change component values while the analysis is in progress. In addition, you can assign hotkeys to component values and switches to change them simply by pressing a key. You will immediately see the effect of the change. You can also test MCU applications in TINA’s interactive mode. You can not only run and test them using the several lifelike interactive controls e.g keyboards, but you can also debug them while the MCU executes ASM code step-by-step, and displays the register contents and TINA’s outputs in each step. If necessary, you can modify the ASM code on the fly and test your circuit again without using any other tool.

1.4.29 ● Virtual instruments

In addition to standard analysis presentations such as Bode and Nyquist plots, TINA can present its simulation results on a wide range of high-tech virtual instruments. For example, you can simulate the time response of your circuit using a virtual square wave generator and a virtual oscilloscope. Using TINA’s virtual instruments is a good way to prepare for the use of real test and measurement equipment. Of course, it is important to remember that the measurement results obtained with virtual instruments are still simulated. TINA also includes virtual instruments (to be found under the Meters component tab) for Efficiency, Average values, and Frequency.

1.4.30 ● Real-time Test & Measurements

TINA can go beyond simulation when supplementary hardware is installed on the host computer. With this hardware, TINA’s powerful tools can make real-time measurements on real circuits and display the results on its virtual instruments.

1.4.31 ● Training and Examination

TINA has special operating modes for training and examination. In these modes, under TINA’s control, the students solve problems assigned by the teacher. The solution format depends on the types of problems: they can be selected from a list, calculated numerically, or given in a symbolic form. The interpreter providing several solution tools can also be used for problem-solving. If the student cannot solve the problem, he/she can turn to the multilevel Advisor. The package includes all the tools needed to produce educational materials. A collection of examples and problems worked out by teachers is also part of the package. Another special educational function of TINA is the software or hardware simulation of circuit faults to practice troubleshooting. Using TINA, you can transform existing PC classrooms into contemporary electronics training labs at a low cost.

1.4.32 ● Mechatronics Extension

With this optional add-on package, you can create and simulate multidisciplinary designs including electronics, 3D mechanics, and control engineering. You can place light sources, light sensors, motors, and actuators in TINA’s mechanical window and connect their counterparts in analog and digital mixed electronic circuits. You can control the mechanics from the electronics part of TINA even with complex software written in C or assembly language and then compile and execute the code in the MCUs while running the electronic and 3D mechanical simulation simultaneously.

Chapter 2 ● TINA Versions

2.1 ● Overview

TINA is distributed in two major versions: TINA and Design Suite. The difference is TINA includes simulation only, while Design Suite includes a PCB designer. In addition to these versions, there is the web-based TINACloud.

The following versions and features are available:

• Industrial • Educational • Classic • Student • Basic • Basic Plus • TINACloud

A detailed comparison of all the versions is available at the following website:

https://www.tina.com/version-comparison/

2.2 ● Version features

Brief descriptions of the various versions are given below:

Industrial: This is the most detailed version and includes all features and utilities of TINA.

Educational: It has most features of the Industrial version but the following features are not included:

• Transient noise analysis • Power dissipation and efficiency calculation • IBIS model import and analysis • Auto converge Automatic solution of convergence problems • Steady State Solver (SMPS analysis) • S-block wizard • Separated nonlinear controlling components • Nonlinear controlled source wizard • Stress (Smoke) Analysis • Verilog, Verilog-A, Verilog-AMS maximum 1000 lines

Classic: It has the same features as the Educational version above, except the following features are not included:

• Hierarchical and Team Design with Version Control • Parameter Extractor/Model Maker • RF models given by S-parameters • Included number of components and models is 25,000 • Full Scaled Smith Diagram • Network Analyser • Analog and digital data acquisition • Real-time (hardware) fault simulation • Experiment modules

Student: Has the same features as the Classic Edition, except the following features are not included:

• Global parameters • HDL extension (Verilog, Verilog A & AMS, SystemC) • Number of pads limited to 100 • Max. number of external nodes and nodes in macros limited to 100 • VHDL simulation maximum 5000 lines • Teacher utilities for problem construction • Class and student evaluation

Basic: Has the same features as the Classic Edition, except the following features are not included:

• Number of pads limited to 100 • Max. number of external nodes and nodes in macros limited to 200 • Training and Examination Mode

Basic Plus: Has the same features as the Classic Edition, except the following features are not included:

• Number of pads limited to 800 • Max. number of external nodes and nodes in macros limited to 800

TINACloud: This is the web-based version that is accessed from a web browser. TINACloud has the following versions: TINACloud Industrial, TINACloud Educational, TINACloud Classic, TINACloud Basic, and TINACloud Student.

TinaCloud Industrial: This version is the same as the Industrial version but the following features are missing:

• Integrated Schematic Symbol Editor • Component Toolbar Editor • Hierarchical and Team Design with Version Control • IBIS model import and analysis • Steady State Solver (SMPS analysis) • S-block wizard • Separated nonlinear controlling components • Nonlinear controlled source wizard • Analysis directly from Netlist • Multiple Axes • Pole-Zero Diagram • Drawing tools to enhance diagrams • MathCAD and Excel export • XY Recorder • Multimeter • Network Analyser • Logic Analyser • Digital Signal Generator • Real-time (hardware) fault simulation

TinaCloud Classic: Has the same features as the TinaCloud Industrial, but the following features are not included:

• Transient Noise Analysis • Power dissipation and efficiency calculation • Auto converge Automatic solution of convergence problems • RF models given by S-parameters • Number of components and models 25,000 • Verilog, Verilog-A, Verilog-AMS max 1000 lines • Stress (smoke) analysis

TinaCloud Educational: Has the same features as the TinaCloud Industrial, but the following features are not included:

• Power dissipation • Stress (smoke analysis)

TinaCloud Basic: Has the same features as the TinaCloud Classic, but the following features are not included:

• Global parameters • HDL extension (Verilog, Verilog A & AMS, SystemC) • Number of pads 200 • Max. number of external nodes and nodes in macros 200 • Verilog, Verilog-A, and Verilog-AMS

TinaCloud Student: Has the same features as the TinaCloud Basic, but the following features are not included

• Number of pads limited to 100

2.3 ● Options

The following options are available:

• HDL Extension: Extends the default VHDL hardware description language in TINA with

Verilog, Verilog A, VerilogAMS, and SystemC. • Mechatronics Extension add-on package: Create and stimulate multidisciplinary designs simultaneously including electronics, 3Dmechanics, and control engineering.

2.4 ● Supplementary hardware

The optional LabXplorer hardware is available with TINA, with its details given in the next section.

2.4.1 ● LabXplorer: Multifunction Instrument for Education and Training with local and remote measurement capabilities

LabXplorer (Figure 2.1) turns your desktop, laptop, tablet, or smartphone into a powerful, multifunction test and measurement instrument for a wide range of applications. Instruments, whatever you need, are at your fingertips. LabXplorer provides a multimeter, oscilloscope, spectrum analyser, logic analyser, programmable analogue, and digital signal generator, impedance analyser, and also measures the characteristics of passive electronic components and semiconductor devices.

Figure 2.1 LabXplorer hardware

LabXplorer can be used with its virtual instruments both stand-alone or remotely through the Internet or LAN.

It also supports the TINA circuit simulation program and its cloud-based version TINACloud for comparison of simulation and measurements as a unique tool for circuit development, troubleshooting, and the study of analog and digital electronics.

In remote mode, Labexplorer’s virtual instruments run on most OSs and computers, including PCs, Macs, thin clients, tablets, smartphones, smart TVs, and e-book readers. You can use LabXplorer anywhere in the world that has internet access. LabXplorer comes with various, remotely programmable, plug-in analogue, digital, and mixed circuit experiment boards.

● Index

Symbols

7-segment 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 412, 415, 428 555 196, 197

A

ABCD parameters 136, 138 AC analysis 21, 54, 80, 82, 85, 160, 367, 378 AC transfer characteristics 54, 55, 64, 353

Amplitude 50, 57, 75, 103, 104, 106, 107, 109, 141, 203, 351, 378, 379, 381 Arduino 20, 246, 263, 264, 265, 266

ASM 22, 247, 254, 255, 259, 262 ATTINY13 258, 261 Auto convergence 19 Autoroute 301, 305, 309, 318, 319, 356

B

band-pass 209

BCD 217, 219, 220, 221, 275, 415, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422 Bipolar transistor 118, 147, 293 Bode diagram 203, 367, 378 Breadboard 17, 359 Bus Tracks 309 Butterworth 201, 206, 207, 209, 210

C

Colpitts oscillator 132, 133, 192 Common emitter transistor amplifier 119, 125 Common mode rejection 162 Component explorer 362 Conveyor belt 284 Copy Macro 316, 319 C programming 257, 258, 263, 266 Current to voltage converter 169, 170

D

DC analysis 19, 122, 123, 145, 158, 382 Debugger 20, 233, 252, 256 Digital logic circuits 212

E

Electrical Rules Check 17 Equation Editor 18, 55, 56, 58

F

Find component 363 Finite State Machine 384 Flowchart Editor 20 Footprint editor 335 Footprint name 295, 296 Fourier analysis 19 Fourier spectrum 14, 19, 65, 66, 123, 367 Frequency meter 78, 79 Frequency Spectrum 65

G

GCode 302

H

Half-wave 103, 104, 115, 176 HDL Debugger 233 HDL simulation 20 high-pass active filter 207 h parameters 136, 138, 139, 140

I

IBIS 18, 24, 26, 365 Impedance Meter 71, 72, 87, 91 Input step analysis 290 Interactive Mode 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 79

Interpreter 46, 47, 48, 58, 59, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 432 Interpreter window 58, 59, 378 Inverting amplifier 163, 171

J

JFET transistor 142, 146

L

LabExplorer 16 LabXplorer 16, 27, 28, 432 Ladder logic 278, 279 Latching circuit 281 Line voltage 93 Load step analysis 291 low-pass 183, 201, 205, 206, 207, 210

M

Macro Pins 128, 223, 224 MCU code debugger 252 Multimeter 26, 43, 122

N

Netlist 15, 26, 131, 132, 304, 365 Network Analyser 25, 26 Noise analysis 19, 21, 367, 369 Non-inverting amplifier 163, 164

O

Ohmmeter 73, 74

P

parameter extractor 382 Phase shift oscillator 187 Phase voltage 93 PIC microcontroller 253, 266, 268, 307 Power dissipation 19, 24, 26, 362, 369, 370 Power Meter 68 Pre_Q 231, 232, 234, 235 Protect circuit 364

R

RC circuit 49, 53, 61

S

S-block 24, 26 Schematic Editor 38, 230, 307, 379 Serial monitor 362 Signal definition 379 signal-to-noise ratio 19, 21, 368 smoothing capacitor 108, 109

SMPS 3, 24, 26, 286, 288, 289, 290, 291, 348, 436 SPICE 14, 15, 21, 305, 387, 388 stress analysis 293, 360 Symbolic analysis 21

T

Thevenin’s Theorem 86 Thyristor 149 Toggle Breakpoint 233, 234, 257 Transient analysis 19, 46, 57, 63, 290, 354, 369, 370 Transient noise analysis 19, 24 triac 151, 152

V

Verilog 3, 16, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 225, 233, 235, 236, 237, 348, 391, 395, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 414, 436 Virtual instruments 14, 23 virtual Multimeter 43 virtual Voltmeter 44 Voltage adder amplifier 165, 166 Voltage differentiator 168, 169 Voltage follower 164, 165 Voltage integrator 167, 168 Voltage Pin 43, 44, 51, 62 Voltage subtractor 166

X

Xilinx FPGA 226, 235

Y

Y parameters 136, 137

Z

Z parameters 136

Circuit Simulation

with TINA Design Suite & TINACloud

TINA Design Suite is a professional, powerful and a ordable circuit simulator. It is a circuit designer and PCB design software package for analysing, designing, and real-time testing of analogue, digital, IBIS, VHDL, Verilog, Verilog AMS, SystemC, MCU, and mixed electronic circuits and their PCB layouts.

In this book, top-selling Elektor author, Prof. Dr. Dogan Ibrahim aims to teach the design and analysis of electrical and electronic circuits and develop PCB boards using both TINA and TINACloud. The book is aimed at electrical/electronic engineers, undergraduate electronic/electrical engineering students at technical colleges and universities, postgraduate and research students, teachers, and hobbyists. Many tested and working simulation examples are provided covering most fields of analogue and digital electrical/electronic engineering. These include AC and DC circuits, diodes, zener diodes, transistor circuits, operational amplifiers, ladder diagrams, 3-phase circuits, mutual inductance, rectifier circuits, oscillators, active and passive filter circuits, digital logic, VHDL, MCUs, switch-mode power supplies, PCB design, Fourier series, and spectrum. Readers do not need to have any programming experience unless they wish to simulate complex MCU circuits.

This book comes with a free licence of TINACloud for 1 years including all example files in this book.

Prof. Dr. Dogan Ibrahim has a BSc, Hons. degree in Electronic Engineering, an MSc degree in Automatic Control Engineering, and a PhD degree in Digital Signal Processing. Dogan has worked in many industrial organizations before he returned to academic life. He is the author of over 70 technical books and has published over 200 technical articles on electronics, microprocessors, microcontrollers, and related fields.

Elektor International Media BV

www.elektor.com