Biophilic Design - ITDS 5114 by Erin K. McGuire

CONTENTS Chapter one.....................2 chapter two.....................4 chapter three.....................6 chapter four.....................8 chapter five...................12 chapter six...................14 chapter seven...................16 chapter eight...................20 chapter nine..................22 chapter ten...................24 the produce pod...................26 durkan carpet design...................30 sketches...................32 references...................36

CHAPTER ONE Dimensions, Elements, and Attributes of Biophilic Design -

environmental features natural shapes and forms natural patterns and processes light and space place-based relationships evolved human-nature relationships

Environmental Features 2

color water air sunlight plants and animals natural materials views and vistas facade greening geology and landscape habitats and eco-systems fire

Natural Shapes and Forms

Natural Patterns and Processes

- botanical motifs - tree and columnar shapes - animal motifs - shells and spirals - egg, oval, and tubular shapes - arches, vaults, and domes - shapes resisting straight lines and right angles - simulations of natural features - biomorphy, geomorphy, biomimicry - biomorphy: looks like a form you’d find in nature (organic language) but not actual life form -geomorphy: integrating part of a local landscape or geology into a project

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter One

“Biophilia: the connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the resT of life.” “Nature holds the key to our aesthetic, intellectual, cognitive, and even spiritual satisfaction.” - E. O Wilson

sensory variability information richness age, change, and the patina of time growth and effervescence central focal point patterned wholes bounded and transitional spaces linked series and chains integrations of parts to whole complementary contrasts dynamic balance and tension

Light and Space -

natural light filter and diffuse light light and shadow reflected light light pools warm light

light as shape and form spaciousness spatial variability space as shape and form spatial harmony

Place Based Relationships - geographic, historic, ecological, and cultural connections to place - use of indigenous materials - landscape features that define building forms - landscape ecology - integration of culture and ecology - consideration of spirit of place - avoiding placelessness, lack of identity, “fast food chain” effect

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter One

Evolved Human - Nature Relationship -

prospect and refuge order and complexity curiosity and enticement change and metamorphosis security and protection mastery ad control affection and attachment attraction and beauty exploration and discovery information and cognition fear and awe reverence and spirituality

What do you keep in your life, and why? What makes it worth it? There are evolutionary reasons for some behavioral choices and ways of interpreting designs.

CHAPTER TWO

THE GECKO’s FOOT

“The Biophilia Hypothesis” by E. O. Wilson - attests that there is an instinctual

“Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature” by Janine Benyus affiliation between humans and nature, - proposed that good human design and that humans have an ingrained desire to be connected with natural and biological systems - Wilson also wrote on the idea of consilience, which proposed that theories and conclusions are often drawn by the act of unrelated sources coming together at the same time. This multidisciplinary approach is integral to the essence of biophilic study. - Also introduced by Wilson was the idea of epigenic rules, or human tendencies that have evolved from human socialization combined with genetics.

features a “constant emulation of nature’s genius.” - asserts that a good biomimetic design looks to mimic natural form, process, and system for strong depth of concept and biological ties - Benyus and her book quickly became one of the leading resources for biophilic research and biomimetic design study. - Benyus went on to be a co-founder of the Biomimicry Institute as well as a world-wide authority on the subject, speaking at numerous engagements and encouraging the rise of biomimicry as a holistic discipline.

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Two

By PETER FORBES

Biomimetic Examples - wind turbines utilize the form of whale flippers to improve fluid dynamics - buildings eliminate need for HVAC systems by mimicking temperature regulation methods seen in termite mounds - structures of trees and skeletons influence construction and design for systems that optimize strength while minimizing material and form density - sustainable food growth systems are informed by prairies - Japanese bullet train utilizes the form of the Kingfisher to allow it to soundlessly exit tunnels - building facades become selfcleaning by using technology inspired by the leaf of a lotus plant

This exceprt lays out the history of advances in science, engineering, and design related to an increasing understanding of natural systems and their extreme complexity, as well as how small of a scale nature is able to operate on. Forbes introduces the idea that all of our so called “innovations” have been done by nature already, and that we have barely scratched the surface when it comes to being able to interpret and replicate natural systems efficiently enough to truly say we have advanced, particularly in the nano realm. Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Two

CHAPTER THREE Importance of Water - moralistic: it ethical that everyone has clean water - scientific: we have to work with our water resources to make them usable and accessible across distances - symbolic - utilitarian

Water and Buildings - Traditionally want to keep water outâ&#x20AC;Ś what if we bring it in? How do we address the moisture issues that arise? - roof gardens and green roofs - introducing and increased load and moisture - indoor plumbing - interior pools/basins

- recreation - surfing, sailing, swimming - natural functions with aesthetics - soothing, calming Designing for Water: Engineering and Urban Planning - interior ecosystems - series of ponds that filters out waste from the water system of a building - exterior water gardens - mini ecosystems acting as a destination - consider establishing a connection with existing features - engineered water settings - hydromimicry - mimicking the shapes, forms, and process of water

Water and People

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Three

interior water handling on site storm water routing - the more developed the surface area, the more surface runoff; the more green surfaces, the more the water gets absorbed back into the ground (pervious surfaces) neighborhood scale water handling - stormwater: area of opportunity for water catchment to supply water to cities that need it, not utilized enough Biological wastewater treatment - another under utilized area; most buildings flush toilets with potable water when wastewater could be used

The Appeal of Water - waterfall - energizing, soothing, attractive to most people

- water for sound - bringing in white noise with features such as fountains

- water as art - kinetic sculptures

- cascade of water as interior feature -blurring inside and out

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Three

CHAPTER FOUR Conceptions of Human Beings - mechanical - biological (in terms of physical responses) - transcendental (self-reflective and responsive vs just acting)

Essential Geometric Qualities

Architecture from Human Nature

- What does “parts to whole” actually mean? In terms of nature it’s a proportional relationship, how are you using that? - nature develops by mathematical relationships; fractals

- E.O. Wilson ‘On Human Nature’ - proposes that social behavior and humanities are influenced by biological factors - tactile, perceptual, and mental processes for well-being in designs

Healing - there is a connection between human healing and exposure to ordered geometries inspired by biological forms - seen to have been taken advantage of as early as classical times, with the heavy use of the Fibonacci sequence

Neurological Nourishment - merging of artificial structures with natural ones... How do you bring the language of nature into the language of design? 8

Cooperation is Key

The Big Questions

- informational connection - conscilience is necessary - symbiosis between disciplines - conclusion drawn from multiple sources simultaneously

- What feelings are pleasant vs disconcerting?

- How DO species adapt?

Abstract Human

We want environments to reinforce and benefit the organism. if a species doesn’t adapt to its environment, it dies off. We adapt the environment to us and its killing the planet. How can our experience support our well-being? Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Four

- When is risk and fear pleasant?

- lives in technological world - possesses notions of form and space - What areas of the brain are being triggered in being in certain spaces? - What really is more pleasing?

Biological Human

- What IS underlying geometry? - How DO these processes work? - We can DO EVERYTHING but is it good for human beings or is it just a “cool thing to do”?

- sensory system dictates behavior - physical responses to the geometry of the environment

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Four

“Pattern Language of Design” by Christopher Alexander - studies behavior and choices of designers vs. non-designers and the disconnect between their tastes and choices as seen in vernacular design - considers humans as a species and what we are adapted to do to create a “human habitat”

Human-machine vs Human Animal - Even being able to conceptualize the ideas of body vs soul, place in the universe, etc, takes an exceptional amount of mindfulness capability. It distinguishes us from other species. - consciousness towards resources and the world around you

“14 Steps to More Humane Architecture” - We tolerate a LOT without realizing it.. why don’t we create spaces that are comfortable and that work?

Biomimicry for Designers

Biophilia and Health

- Nature created conditions conducive to thriving life, not just survival. - What is motivating you as a designer to do the things you are doing for the human? - If you’re going to EMULATE nature, you have to know something about nature. (form, process, system) - There is an ETHOS, understanding of you as a species - There must be moments where you can RECONNECT with bioinspiration

- evidence based design coming out of healthcare design - Roger Urlich - 50 rigorous quantitative design studies compiled and made available to public - measured observable signs such as satisfaction, safety, and economic benefits - stress on patients, families, visitors, employees monitored… what is stressful and how can that be mitigated?

Processes for Design - scoping - what is your problem? - discovering - what natural solutions can apply? - creating - brainstorm - evaluating - can it work?

Health Benefits of Nature - view of nature as pain mitigation - building the evidence base and then applying it… if you know views of nature are beneficial to health, then where do you put your patient rooms? - use of art, gardens, and daylightiing

Adapt to changing conditions be locally attuned and responsive use life-friendly chemistry be resource efficient integrate development with growth evolve to survive

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Four

CHAPTER Five Howard Franklin: Evidence Based Medicine and Public Health - looks at trends in the community of healthcare and medicine - clinical epidemiology - double blind randomized trials, with controls - reversal of common practices - Franklin looked at population statistics, treatment of patients and related measurements and outcomes and their statistical significance - there is potential bias that might compromise validity - can it be generalized? There needs to be research on the effect of nature on human health â&#x20AC;&#x201C; we assume there are benefits but the justification comes mostly from opinion or flawed studies. 12

Inside/Outside Relationship - windows and doors - views - daylight/sunlight/circadian rhythms - fresh air ventilation - passive heating and cooling - access to outdoors - access to activity

Restorative Design - stress perspective - universal - environmental - coping perspective - how do we adapt? - restoration perspective - what can we do to restore well-being?

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Five

Theory of Restorative Environments - protective - walls, roofs, etc - instorative - heat, water, etc - restorative goes beyond basic needs to level of restoration - spiritually, mentally, physically

Attention Restoration Theory

Maslowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hierarchy of Needs

- more stress means less basic needs are being met, and the ability to focus decreases - attention is restored when you can get away - elements of restorative design include benign visual or other sensory elements, or elements that protect from danger - it is beneficial to have multiple restorative things happening at once - however, the more impact you have on the environment, the more opportunities you have of introducing stressors - people continuously cycle through stress and restoration

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Five

CHAPTER SIX

Healthy Children - Claire Cooper Marcus and Robin C. Moore - direct experience - playing outside - indirect experience - structured activity - vicariously -through tv, books , games -most common in this generation - new threats to children like stranger danger means that they spend more time indoors -

Health Benefits of Nature for Children (Wells and Evans 2003, Wells 2000, Kuo et al 1998) - knowledge comprehension - application of knowledge - analysis 14

- synthesis - evaluation - aesthetic development - aids understanding of order, symmetry, underlying patterns, and imagination - diminuistic development - ability to cope with adversity - humanistic development - ability to trust others, engage in intimacy - moralistic development - feelings of purpose and meaning in life - understanding of good and bad - majority of children around the world live in cities and have less access to nature that isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t structured.

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Six

Biophilic Urban Design

Outdoor as a Protective Shield

New Cultural Reality

- trending towards including native populations of wildlife in urban planning, ranging from parks to green roofs - designing for â&#x20AC;&#x153;in-between spacesâ&#x20AC;? allows access to nature in the city - ideas of shared spaces incorporated into cities

- benefits of nature include - more activity - boosting the immune system - teaching to play

- institutionalized childhood - What to do? - rethink schools and school sites

Childhood Lifestyle Threats - sedentary behavior, especially in the United States - automobile traffic - both pollution and safety risks - impact on cognitive development - attention functioning

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Six

CHAPTER SEVEN

Skype Interview with Bill Browning : “ Design that Connects People to Nature” His group, terrapinbrightgreen, started with case studies on green buildings and found that productivity was greatly increased, absenteeism decreased, and worker well being was all around increased. They wondered what was causing this. 16

Biophilia is intuitive in its nature; it offers a language to describe WHY some environments feel better than others. Early studies by Ulrich were done on access to nature and how it affects recovery time and healing. Later studies found that just showing patients videos or art featuring nature improved health and recovery benefits as well, like lower blood pressure and heart rate. Of course the effects of this was not as prevalent as the access to the real thing due to our binocular vision allowing us to psychologically detect 2D vs 3D very easily. In Japan, Biophilia is known as “Forest Bathing”. Studies there also found correlations between lower cortisol levels when exposed to nature, and these drops in cortisol last for a while even after returning to a built Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Seven

environment. Substantial physical benefits can be seen when exposed to nature in just 5 minutes. Attention Restoration Theory says that your brain literally functions differently when exposed to nature; your prefrontal cortex “calms down” and shifts modes within 40 seconds. Opioid receptors in the visual pathway synthesize information by processing – detection – association (the more visual information an image has, the farther it travels down into the visual cortex). The brain can differentiate between the natural/living and the man made when processing images (ex: person moving a saw), even when the images are just reduced to motion capture dots.

80% of our sensual processing is related to vision, but obviously tying other senses in can drastically improve thing. Researchers synthesized the average sound signature between highway traffic and ocean waves, and played that sound over a video of a highway vs an ocean. Ocean sounds showed positive responses processed in natural receptors in the brain, while highway was either neutral or negative, and was processed by receptors which identify man-made stimuli. Fractals are most interesting to humans in the third iteration, and humans are very fascinated when they move, like watching fire or waves roll in.

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? Productivity costs are 87 times greater than energy costs for private sector operating budgets. Improving productivity by 1% would account for the annual energy budget. A call center in Sacramento saw a 299% return on investment when they applied biophilic principles to increase productivity. They increased daylighting, allowed employees to have temperature controls, and moved workstations 12 degrees off the perpendicular to the window so motion in the windows now trigger you in your Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Seven

peripheral so you refocus and even enter attention restoration. The results seen by making these changes are real financially, and can help companies in the long term very drastically. Not only does the company benefit in that aspect, but more importantly the people benefit. If you aren’t designing for people, then why are you designing?

REMEMBER: It’s About the People. 17

14 Patterns of Biophilic Design commentary by Bill Browning

that allows you to witness the living changes in the system over time is very important - people become more involved and engaged with the ecosystem, and perception is shifted

- when incorporating living biological elements into a space, biodiversity is more important than size - combining experiences of senses elicits a stronger response - water is very important to humans, - analogues especially the sound - natural patterns, materials, - our brains ignore other sounds forms in favor of moving water. - Why? - variety of light conditions in a space - semantic content make it a much better place for - visual information and humans variance including fractals - our hormone balance shifts  - complexity is naturally with variations of light color attractive to us (again, 3rd level - connection with a natural system fractals)

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Seven

- experience - prospect: uninterrupted view  - refuge: protection, something against your back  - mystery: compels one to further explore a space  - risk/peril: implied danger, identifiable safety - Savannah hypothesis - extended views - calm grazing animals - signs of human habitation - copses of shade trees - view down a hill

CHAPTER EIGHT - how to live well in place During a Typical Day on Planet - appropriate scale Earth, We Will... - limits of technology - lose 116 sq miles of rain forest (about  - the idea that we can solve all an acre per second) - carrying capacity of the problems we have - lose another 72 sq miles to - laws of thermodynamics created as humans with our encroaching deserts -energy can transform but can’t advances in science in - lose 40-100 species disappear technology is just an IDEA - experience human population - laws of ecology - sustainable agriculture and forestry increase of 250,000  - everything is connected to  - our method of “big business - add 2700 tons of chlorofluorocarbons everything else farming” is not sustainable to the atmosphere  - everything has to go - steady-state economics somewhere  - almost in the face of  - nature knows best capitalism, which is designed to We need domains to cooperate; it  - nothing comes from nothing; always aim for MORE, should be science AND design, not there is always a cost - environmental ethics science VS. design. - energetics  - humans need to reexamine - least-cost, end-use analysis their relationship to nature, and  - you have to ask what the understand we don’t hold cheapest way to do what you dominion over all want is -

Ideas an Educated Person Should Know and Understand by David Orr

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Eight

Biologists at the Design Table - How would nature solve this?     

organisms systems patterns principles strategies

Life’s Principles: Life on Earth is Interconnected and Interdependent - evolve to survive - be resource efficient - adapt to changing conditions

Form    

- whalepower (Dr. Frank Fish)  - flippers of the humpback whale inspired tubercle technology on windmills - advancement in understanding of fluid dynamics - overcomes biggest hurdles in wind power- noise, turbulence, and resistance

Process

- integrate development with growth - be locally attuned and responsive - use life-friendly chemistry

- calera- new method based on  biomimetic process mimics the creation of limestone deposits - corals make aragonite  in saturated salt water by crystal nucleation- a small crystal acts as a seed to the geochemical second phase - calera produces aragonite from co2 in saturated brine - sequesters co2 Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Eight

System - symbiosis (coexistence of diverse organisms which benefit from one another) -Kalunborg Denmark - self-organizes symbiotic relationship between companies and services - the companies exploit each other’s waste products for their own processes

CHAPTER NINE Biomimicry in Practice - using -

nature as a model and mentor - millions of years of research and development - cross domains to design - retest

HOK: Biomimicry for Green Building, Paul Woolford on How Biomimicry Inspired the Design of the San Francisco Museum at the Mint

“the most environmentally innovative project in the 21st century”

HOK converted an old mint factory, looking at the actual building structure as “the most important artifact in the museum”.  They organized circulation around public spaces and used the roof to tell a pedagogical story of the buildings’ role in its environment  The designers also used a combination of active, passive, and self-generated strategies to produce a net-zero building.  Any construction done on the building was seen as an intervention to preserve and highlight special artifacts (those being the existing parts of the building). 



Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Nine

“When the city was founded in the 19th century, the San FRan Cay’s edge and marshland area were just a few hundred feet from where the history Old Mint building sits today. We suggested a design idea that incorporates lessons from the local biome while creating new ways to produce energy.” Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Nine

CHAPTER TEN Building for Green People: Design for Sustainable Behavior - people tend to have good intentions, but it doesn’t always work out - design can have a social impact; social behavior can be altered by the way people interact with their environments

Influence of Design - social impact - Piano Stairs - environmental impact -Interactive Institute - wilting lamp - bullseye trashcans - power aware cord

“Axis of Influence”

Principles of Persuasive Design

- spectrum from user in control to product in control - levels of influence, ranging from informing to persuading to deciding - inform - feedback - enabling - encouraging - guiding - steering - forcing - automatic

- motivation - assume responsibility of predictable outcomes - your privacy is my privacy - always disclose your motivation - Golden Rule: the creators of a persuasive technology should never seek to persuade a person or persons of something they themselves would not consent to be persuaded to do

It’s necessary to have an idea of what you want your product to do and to what extent the user can interact with it. Should they have a choice in how they behave or do you want them to absolutely respond a certain way? Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Ten

Tools for Designers - Social Issue Cards by Dr. Vicky Lofthouse - Design with Intent Toolkit by Dr. Dan Lockton

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Chapter Ten

Identifying the Problem Currently, there is a brewing debate in the world of food packaging, regarding pre-packaged and pre-peeled fruits and vegetables, and more specifically, peeled oranges. Sparked by a tweet posted earlier this year that reads, “If only nature could find a way to cover these oranges so we didn’t need to waste so much plastic on them,” people seemed to immediately side with one end of the spectrum or the other. Some, such as environmentalists and opposers of laziness, rejoiced at that fact the so much plastic would be “saved” as a result of this realization. Whole Foods, where this picture was originally taken, has supposedly agreed to remove the pre-peeled oranges from their stores. 26

However, what this “solution” fails to ignore, and what the other end of the spectrum is advocating for, “completely ignores how preprepared food impacts people with disabilities. The most common complaints about the sale of these oranges is either the wastefulness of the additional packaging...or that anyone who buys this must be incomprehensibly lazy.” One blogger that reacted to this debate stated that, “as a person with limited hand dexterity, I look at this and see an easier way to eat healthy food. I actively avoid eating oranges, not because I dislike them… but because I have so much difficulty peeling them” (Sauder).

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - The Produce Pod

The Produce Pod is designed to be a sustainable and accessible solution to the ongoing debate regarding the packaging and prepreparation of produce and, more specifically, oranges. The target market is people with limited dexterity and accessibility needs, as well as those who may be looking for an “on-thego” product. With several accessibility considerations in mind, including a compact and organic form, side grips that fit the contours of the hand, and a flexible hinge, the Produce Pod maximizes ease-of-use for all users. The product, as a whole, draws inspiration from several natural forms, systems, and processes. Its shape mimics the structure of the fruit it holds (i.e. oranges) and is small enough in size to be easily

carried or thrown into a purse or bag without having to worry if the fruit will be damaged. We intend to use biodegradable, bio-based materials in the package structure to optimize the eco-friendliness and environmental awareness of the product, and to reduce the overall impact of prepackaged produce on the environment.

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - The Produce Pod

Accessibility Considerations Based on ergonomics research, we made certain form decisions to maximize ease of use of our packaging. We implemented concave grooves to allow for a more secure grip around the circumference of our package. The grooves are symmetrical to allow for the package to be held easily by either hand, and by any combination of finger positions. A large tab with a small groove on the underside was chosen as the opening mechanism because it can easily be grasped using any method of hand positioning to open the package. Alternatively, the tab can be “flicked” open from the underside using the groove. These considerations were integral to our design process because they ensured that all users regardless of ability or dexterity can find a way to easily use our product.

Biological Inspirations For the Form: - Attachment of bat wings (specifically the Grey Bat, Indiana Bat, and Corynorhinus Bat, all endangered species in Virginia) -Clamshell hinges For the System: - Anatomy of fruit (specifically oranges, peaches, etc.) - Natural moisture-loss prevention •Cockroach (waxy coating) •Spikemoss (sugar as moisture barrier) For Packaging Materials: - Orange Oil - Bulrush - Sugar Cane - Acacia (specifically Acacia gum)

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - The Produce Pod

The final design was based on the anatomy of fruit, the three layers that nature has designed to protect the object in question. Immediately surrounding the seed in the core is the endocarp. This layer may be hard and stony or more like paper. The middle section is called the mesocarp and is the fleshy tissue. To finish it off is the exocarp, the skin or rind of a fruit. Collectively, the three capri regions are known as the pericarp. Based on the pericarp found in fruit, the packaging was designed to be biologically friendly and universally accessible. For the endocarp layer, beeswax paper was considered with a final decision on that paper soaked in orange oil for a clearer, thinner feel. Coating the paper surrounding the fruit with the oil will also act as a moisture resistant barrier, keeping the peeled fruit fresh. The mesocarp would be composed of acacia gum as padding for the fruit enclosed, and finally, for the exocarp, Tetra Pak would be utilized as the hard outer protection method. All materials would be made of natural materials and be completely biodegradable.

Connection to Nature 1.Nature recycles all materials. - We have chosen to use only biobased, natural, biodegradable materials in our packaging system. Because of this, all material used in our product can be returned to the earth and recycled by natural systems. 2.Nature uses chemistry and materials that are safe for living beings. - Since all of our materials used are entirely natural or bio-based, our product is extremely life-friendly. Almost all natural organisms are made from a similar limited palette of elements, which we know are safe in contact with humans. Using natural materials eliminates risk of harm from chemicals from synthetic materials or manufacturing processes.

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - The Produce Pod

3.Nature uses shape to determine functionality. - Our product has three functional goals: 1) to protect the fruit inside, 2) to allow for ease of use in opening the package, and 3) to withstand stresses faced in transport and stocking. The form follows the function of the product to ensure there is no waste. Using natural adaptations as inspiration, such as fruit structure or biological hinges, allows us to create a product that has a form that logically allows for the function of the package.

blue

morpho

The design for this carpet draws inspiration from the Blue Morpho butterfly, a species native to South and Central America. The brilliant iridescent blue tones of the butterfly’s wing scales make the species easily recognizable as well as highly appreciated. Studies have found that the scales on the wings of the Blue Morpho are naturally constructed to be self-cleaning. The shingle-like arrangement of microscopically textured scales repels water, causing it to bead and roll off the Morpho’s wings, taking dirt and other contaminates with it

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Durkan Carpet Design

DURKAN CARPET DESIGN Applying this principle to the ballroom carpet by using a thick-fibered weave made to replicate the texture of the Blue Morpho’s wings would create a flooring solution able to withstand the demands of a high-traffic event space, displaying utmost durability and ease of cleaning. Incorporating the colors and patterns inspired by the butterfly brings an elegance and depth to the ballroom that would suit a variety of functions and bring event guests closer to nature, a proven psychological health benefit. This project could have benefitted from a more thorough analysis and understanding of the patterns in the wings to create more complexity.

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Durkan Carpet Design

Biophilic Design and Biomimicry - Sketches

contents http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2011/mar/01/zaha-hadid-guangzhou-opera-house-in-pictures

chapter one http://www.indesignlive.com/articles/interface-reconnect-your-space-design-competition#axzz2pxogEViP https://jordanfel.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/eowilson1.jpeg

chapter two http://a.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/codesign/imagecache/1280/poster/2012/10/1671053-poster-1280-umass-gecko-skin-tape-picture-451.jpg

chapter three http://www.archdaily.com/220462/update-smithsonian-national-museum-of-african-american-history-and-culture/nmae_100618_f2/ http://www.archdaily.com/453596/4-courtyard-houses-think-architecture/529ca907e8e44ec16e0002364_ -courtyard-houses-think-architecture_ _x4c1662-jpg/ https://phillymotu.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/pwd_green_streetd_ esignm _ anual.png http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/hammarby-sjostad-stockholm-sweden/

chapter four http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/2-synapses-artwork-science-photo-library.jpg https://www.verywell.com/what-is-a-synapse-2795867?utm_source=pinterest&utmm _ edium=social&utmc_ampaign=shareurlbuttonsn_ip http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/lightning-gallery-14.jpg https://approximatefield.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/synapse.jpg

chapter five http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/10/27/health/hudson4_ 80.jpg

chapter six http://www.familybydesign.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/kids-playing-outside.jpg http://assets.inhabitots.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/free-play-in-childhood-537x416.jpg http://www.happeningsmagazinepa.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/KidsPlaying.jpg

chapter seven http://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/img/fourteenpatterns-patternlead-p01.jpg http://llenrock.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/biophilic-design-corridor.jpg http://imby.com/ghent/files/gravity_forms/2-b7630dff50dd9ce9d746e1119cafc43f/2016/01/Bill-Browning-photo.jpg

chapter eight http://ben.biomimicry.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Web-Dew_shutterstock_125644733-e1362090536744.jpg

chapter nine http://www.hok.com/uploads/2012/10/23/the-mint05.jpg

chapter ten http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/G6zbNT7IVX0/maxresdefault.jpg

Erin McGuire Spring 2016 ITDS 5114 36