ƣƔƚ 27 ƑƑƚ 86.37 Ɣ 40
Philip Jenkins LAYING DOWN THE SWORD Why We Can’t Ignore the Bible’s Violent Verses
ƟƵǀƵƲƾƴ ǁ ưƽƳƻƸƹǁƺƾƳƾ ƛƷDŽƯƷƺƯ ƖƯƱƯƺƽƱƯ ƜưƺƵǂ ƔƺƴƼNJ ƔƼƴƼƹƽ ƞDŽƾǀƼƻƵƽƸƵ ǁƵǀƸƸ ƞƴǁƿƯ ƞƴǁƿƽƱƯ
Ɣ 40
. ƒƾƹƽNj Ʒư ƑƾƳư : ƝưǁƸƻƸƵ Ʋ ƑƸƱƻƸƸ / ƤƸƻƸƿƿ ƔƶƵƽƺƸƽǁ ; [ƿƵǀ. ǁ ưƽƳƻ. Ɯ. Ƙ. ƗưƲưƻƾƲư]. — Ɯ. : ƭƺǁƼƾ, 2013. — 448 ǁ. —(ƠƵƻƸƳƸǏ. ƒƾƹƽư Ʒư ƑƾƳư). ISBN 978-5-699-63747-8 ƗưDžƲưǂƽƸLJƵǁƺƸƵ ƲƾƹƽNj, ƱƵǁƿƾljưƴƽNjƵ ǀưǁƿǀưƲNj ƽưƴ ƽƵƲƸƽƽNjƼƸ, ǀưǁƾƲưǏ ƴƸǁƺǀƸƼƸƽưdžƸǏ Ƹ ƳƵƽƾdžƸƴ Ʋƾ ƸƼǏ ƑƾƳư — DžƲưǂƸǂ ƻƸ ǁƾƲǀƵƼƵƽƽƾƼǃ LJƸǂưǂƵƻǎ ƑƸƱƻƸƸ ƴǃLjƵƲƽNjDž ǁƸƻ, LJǂƾƱNj ƿƾǁǂƸLJnj ǁƼNjǁƻ ƲǁƵDž ƺǀƾƲƾƶưƴƽNjDž ƸǁǂƾǀƸƹ ơƲǏljƵƽƽƾƳƾ ƟƸǁưƽƸǏ? ƟƾLJƵƼǃ ƼƽƾƳƸƵ ƲƵǀǃǎljƸƵ ǃƿƾǀƽƾ ƸƳƽƾǀƸǀǃǎǂ, ǁǂǀƵƼǏǂǁǏ ƿǀƵƴưǂnj ƷưƱƲƵƽƸǎ ƸƻƸ ǃǂƵLjưǎǂǁǏ ƽưƴǃƼưƽƽNjƼƸ ƾƱNJǏǁƽƵƽƸǏƼƸ ǂǀǃƴƽNjDž ƼƵǁǂ ƑƸƱƻƸƸ? ƚưƺ ƿƾƲƻƸǏƻƸ ƶƵǁǂƾƺƸƵ ǂƵƺǁǂNj ƑƸƱƻƸƸ ƽư Džƾƴ ƸǁǂƾǀƸƸ? ƚ ƺưƺƸƼ LjƾƺƸǀǃǎljƸƼ ƲNjƲƾƴưƼ ƼNj ƿǀƸƴƵƼ, ƴƾƱǀƾǁƾƲƵǁǂƽƾ ǁǀưƲƽƸƲ ƑƸƱƻƸǎ Ƹ ƚƾǀưƽ? Ƨǂƾ ƴƵƻưǂnj ǁ ƑƸƱƻƸƵƹ ǂưƺƾƹ, ƺưƺưǏ ƾƽư Ƶǁǂnj, ǁƵƳƾƴƽǏ? ƐƲǂƾǀ Ǎǂƾƹ ƿǀƾƲƾƺưdžƸƾƽƽƾƹ Ƹ ƾLJƵƽnj ǁƲƾƵƲǀƵƼƵƽƽƾƹ ƺƽƸƳƸ ƾ ƽưǁƸƻƸƸ Ʋ ǁƲǏljƵƽƽNjDž ǂǀưƴƸdžƸǏDž ƸǃƴưƸƷƼư, DžǀƸǁǂƸưƽǁǂƲư Ƹ ƸǁƻưƼư ƱǀƾǁưƵǂ ƲNjƷƾƲ ƲǁƵƼ ƽưLjƸƼ ƿǀƵƴǁǂưƲƻƵƽƸǏƼ ƾ ǀƵƻƸƳƸƸ, ƺǀƾƲƾƿǀƾƻƸǂƸƸ Ƹ ǂƵǀǀƾǀƵ. 27 86.37
ISBN 978-5-699-63747-8
© 2011 by Philip Jenkins. Published by arrangement with HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. © . ., , 2013 © , . « «Э », 2013
Ñîäåðæàíèå ƞƢ ƐƒƢƞƠƐ ................................................................................9 ƞƟƠƕƔƕƛƕƝƘƯ ......................................................................10 ƒƒƕƔƕƝƘƕ. ơƞƠƘƝƚƐ Ƙ ƑƠƕƒƝƞ ...................................13
ƝưǁƸƻƸƵ Ƹ ƚƾǀưƽ ........................................................... 15 ƗưƳƻǏƽƵƼ Ʋ ƑƸƱƻƸǎ ........................................................ 20 ƑƸƱƻƵƹǁƺƸƵ ƺưƽƾƽNj ƽƵƽưƲƸǁǂƸ ..................................... 26 ƟƾljưƴƸLjnj ƲǀưƳư — ƱǃƴƵLjnj ƿǀƾƺƻǏǂ ............................ 29 ơƲǏljƵƽƽưǏ ưƼƽƵƷƸǏ ....................................................... 34 ƗưƱNjǂnj — ƿƵǀƵǁǂưǂnj ƼǃLJƸǂnjǁǏ ....................................... 40 ƟƾLJƵƼǃ ƾƿưǁƽƾ ƷưƱNjƲưǂnj ............................................... 43 ơǂưǀưǏ ƑƸƱƻƸǏ Ƹ ƽƾƲNjƵ DžǀƸǁǂƸưƽƵ .............................. 47 ƖƵǁǂƾƺƸƵ ƱƸƱƻƵƹǁƺƸƵ ǂƵƺǁǂNj Ƹ ưǂƵƸƷƼ ....................... 51 ƟǀưƲƴư Ƹ ƿǀƸƼƸǀƵƽƸƵ .................................................... 53 I. ÊÐÎÂÎÆÀÄÍÛÅ ÒÅÊÑÒÛ ÑÂßÙÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÏÈÑÀÍÈß 1. ƣƝƘƧƢƞƖƬƢƕ ƒơƕ ƔƫƨƐƩƕƕ ....................................59
ƘǁǂƾǀƸƸ, ƿƾƻƽNjƵ ǃƶưǁư ................................................. 60 ƣƱƸƹǁǂƲƵƽƽưǏ ǁƲǏǂƾǁǂnj .................................................. 64 ƒƾƹƽNj ƘƸǁǃǁư ƝưƲƸƽư .................................................. 67 ƟǀƸƺưƷưƽƸƵ ǃƱƸƲưǂnj ....................................................... 73 ơƾƿǀƾǂƸƲƻƵƽƸƵ ƓƾǁƿƾƴƽƵ .............................................. 79 ƑƾƳ ƾƶƵǁǂƾLJƸƻ ƸDž ǁƵǀƴdžư ............................................... 82
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Ñîäåðæàíèå 2. Ɛ Ƒƫƛƞ ƛƘ Ƣƞ, ƞ ƧƕƜ ƝƐƟƘơƐƝƞ ƒ ƑƘƑƛƘƘ?......86
ƟǀƸǁƻǃLjƸƲưǏǁnj ƺ ǀưƷƽNjƼ ƳƾƻƾǁưƼ ............................... 87 ƒǂƾǀƾƹ Ʒưƺƾƽ................................................................... 90 ƟƾǂƵǀǏƽƽNjƵ 500 ƻƵǂ ƸǁǂƾǀƸƸ ........................................ 92 ƝƸƺưƺƾƳƾ ƷưƲƾƵƲưƽƸǏ ƗƵƼƻƸ ƾƱƵǂƾƲưƽƽƾƹ ƽƵ ƱNjƻƾ? .. 94 ƞǂƺǃƴư ƿǀƸLjƻƸ ǂưƸƽǁǂƲƵƽƽNjƵ ƵƲǀƵƹǁƺƸƵ ƲƾƸƽNj? ...... 99 ƚƾƼǃ ƿƾƽưƴƾƱƸƻǁǏ ƼƸDŽ ƾ ƳƵǀƾƸLJƵǁƺƾƼ ƿǀƾLjƻƾƼ? .. 106 ƠƾƺƾƲNjƵ ƿƾǀƾƺƸ ƶƸǂƵƻƵƹ ƥưƽưưƽư ............................. 110 ƝƵǂƾƻƵǀưƽǂƽNjƹ ƑƾƳ ...................................................... 112 ƘƽƾƷƵƼƽNjƼ ƶƵƽưƼ ƽƵ ƿƾƲƵƷƻƾ ................................... 118 3. ƯƗƫƚ ƜƕƧƐ ...................................................................... 122
ƓǀưƴưdžƸƸ ƶƵǁǂƾƺƾǁǂƸ Ʋ ǁƲǏljƵƽƽNjDž ǂƵƺǁǂưDž .............. 125 ƑƾƳ ǃƶưǁư Ƹ ǂƵǀǀƾǀư ..................................................... 127 ƐƴǁƺƸƹ ƾƳƾƽnj ................................................................ 131 «ơǀƾƺ ƳƾƴƽƾǁǂƸ» ǁƲǏljƵƽƽƾƳƾ ǂƵƺǁǂư .......................... 136 ƚƾǀưƽ Ƹ ƵƲǀƵƸ............................................................... 139 ƜƸDŽ ƾ ƽƵƽưƲƸǁǂƸ ƺ ƵƲǀƵǏƼ ......................................... 143 Ɲưǀƾƴ ƚƽƸƳƸ ................................................................. 146 ƟƾƴƴƵƻnjƽNjƹ ƚƾǀưƽ ...................................................... 149 ƚƽƸƳƸ Ƹ ƸDž ǍƿƾDžƸ......................................................... 153 II. ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÆÅÑÒÎÊÈÕ ÒÅÌ ÁÈÁËÈÈ ÍÀ ÕÎÄ ÈÑÒÎÐÈÈ 4. ơƫƝƫ ƘƘơƣơƐ ƝƐƒƘƝƐ ............................................ 159
ƝưǁƻƵƴƽƸƺƸ ƷưƲƾƵƲưǂƵƻƵƹ ............................................ 160 ƘƸǁǃǁ ƸƷ ƝưƷưǀƵǂư Ƹ ƘƸǁǃǁ ƝưƲƸƽ ............................ 162 ƓƻƸƽư Ƹ ƳƾǀLjƵLJƽƸƺ ...................................................... 165 ƐƲƳǃǁǂƸƽ: ƿƾǁƻǃLjưƽƸƵ ƿǀƸƺưƷưƼ ................................ 169 ƠƵDŽƾǀƼưdžƸǏ: ƑƾƶƸƹ ǁǃƴ ƽư ƿǀưƺǂƸƺƵ ........................ 172 ƟƾƿNjǂƺƸ ƱǃƺƲưƻƸǁǂƾƲ ƷưljƸǂƸǂnj ưƲǂƾǀƸǂƵǂ ƑƸƱƻƸƸ . 176 ƟǀƾƺƻǏǂNjƵ ǀưǁNj ........................................................... 178 ƭǀư Džƾƻƾƺƾǁǂư ............................................................... 185 ƗưljƸǂư ƳƵƽƾdžƸƴư .......................................................... 188 ƓƵƽƾdžƸƴ Ʋ ƘƽǂƵǀƽƵǂƵ ................................................... 192 5. ƟƠƘƚƐƗ ƞ ƟƠƞƒƕƔƕƝƘƘ ƓƕƝƞƦƘƔƐ...................... 195
ƒƾƹƽNj ƗưƲƵǂư ................................................................ 196 ơƲǏljƵƽƽưǏ Ʋƾƹƽư vs. ơƿǀưƲƵƴƻƸƲưǏ Ʋƾƹƽư................ 199 ƚưǂƾƻƸƺƸ Ƹ ưƼưƻƵƺƸǂǏƽƵ ............................................. 205
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ƐƼưƻƵƺ Ʋ ƐƼƵǀƸƺƵ ........................................................ 211 ƥǀƸǁǂƸưƽǁƺƸƵ ƸƼƿƵǀƸƸ................................................ 215 Vernichtung .................................................................... 218 Ƙ ƽưǀƾƴ ƾǂƲƵǂƸƻ: «ƐƼƸƽnj» .......................................... 222 6. ƐƜƐƛƕƚƘƢƯƝơƚƘƕ ƚƞƨƜƐƠƫ ................................ 225
ơƲǏljƵƽƽưǏ Ʋƾƹƽư ......................................................... 227 ƒƵLJƽNjƹ ưƼưƻƵƺƸǂǏƽƸƽ ................................................. 230 ƢƾƻƺƾƲưƽƸƵ ƸǁǂƾǀƸƸ ƾƱ ƐƼưƻƵƺƵ .................................................................... 236 ƝƾƲNjƹ ƘƷǀưƸƻnj ............................................................ 238 ƗƵƼƻǏ, ƺƾǂƾǀǃǎ ƿǀƵƴǁǂƾƸǂ ƿƾƺƾǀƸǂnj .......................... 241 ƐǀưƱNj ƺưƺ ưƼưƻƵƺƸǂǏƽƵ ............................................... 244 ơƲǏljƵƽƽƾƵ ƽưǁƸƻƸƵ ..................................................... 248 ƕƲǀƵƸ ƺưƺ ưƼưƻƵƺƸǂǏƽƵ ................................................ 251 ƝƵ ƷưƱNjƲưƹ ƾƱ ƐƼưƻƵƺƵ ............................................... 256 III. ×ÒÎ ÄÅËÀÒÜ Ñ ÆÅÑÒÎÊÈÌÈ ÁÈÁËÅÉÑÊÈÌÈ ÒÅÊÑÒÀÌÈ ÍÀÌ 7. ơƣƔ ƝƐƔ ƑƞƓƞƜ ............................................................. 261
Ɣưǀǂ ƒƵƹƴƵǀ .................................................................. 264 ƔƲƵ ƑƸƱƻƸƸ Ƹ ƴƲư ƱƾƳư ................................................ 267 ƢƾǀƶƵǁǂƲƾ ǀưƷǃƼư ......................................................... 271 ƑƾƳ ƿǀƾǂƸƲ Ʒưƺƾƽư ........................................................ 274 ƞǂƺưƷ ƾǂ ƑƾƳư ................................................................ 278 8. ƟƞƟƫƢƚƘ ƟƠƘƠƣƧƘƢƬ ƟƘơƐƝƘƕ .......................... 285
ƞƿǀưƲƴưƽƸƵ Ʒƻư ............................................................. 287 ơƼǏƳLJƵƽƸƵ Ƹ ƾƱƻưƳƾǀưƶƸƲưƽƸƵ ................................... 292 ƟƾƽƸƼưƽƸƵ Ʋ ƴǃDžƾƲƽƾƼ ǁƼNjǁƻƵ .................................. 295 ƒƽǃǂǀƵƽƽƵƵ ƷưƲƾƵƲưƽƸƵ ................................................ 299 ƝƵǀưǁƺǀNjǂưǏ ǂưƹƽư ....................................................... 301 ƠƵƷƽǏ Ʋ ƱƻưƳƾLJƵǁǂƸƲNjDž ƳƸƼƽưDž .................................... 305 ƦƵƽƷǃǀư .......................................................................... 308 ƛƵƺưǀǁǂƲƾ ƴƻǏ ƴǃǀƽNjDž ǂƵƺǁǂƾƲ .................................... 314 9. ƘơƢƞƠƘƚƘ Ƙ ƟƠƞƠƞƚƘ .............................................. 325
ƘǁǂƾǀƸǏ Ƹ ƲƵǀư ............................................................. 325 ƟǀƾƳǀƵǁǁ ƲƵǀNj .............................................................. 329 ƒƵǀư ƿǀƾǀƾƺƾƲ .............................................................. 333
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ƑǀƵƼǏ ƸƷƱǀưƽƽƸƺƾƲ ...................................................... 336 ƔƵƲǂƵǀƾƽƾƼƸǁǂ(Nj): ƿƾƿNjǂƺư ƴưǂƸǀƾƲƺƸ ..................... 342 ƕƴƸƽNjƹ ƑƾƳ ................................................................... 345 ƔƻǏ ƲǁƵƳƾ ƼƸǀư ............................................................. 348 10. ƟƠƞƟƞƒƕƔƬ ƝƐ ƞơƝƞƒƕ ơƐƜƫƥ ƝƕƒƫƝƞơƘƜƫƥ ƢƕƚơƢƞƒ ............................................. 352
ƗưƿǀƵljƵƽƽNjƵ ƿǀƸƵƼNj .................................................. 355 ƧƸǁǂƾƵ ƸǁǂƾƻƺƾƲưƽƸƵ ................................................... 363 ƦƵƻƾǁǂƽƾƵ ƸǁǂƾƻƺƾƲưƽƸƵ ............................................. 366 ƘǁǂƾƻƺƾƲưƽƸƵ «ǁƽƸƷǃ» ................................................. 370 ƟǀƸƼƸǀƵƽƸƵ ƿƾƴ ǁǂƾƻƾƼ.............................................. 374 11. ƢƞƛƬƚƞ ƟƘơƐƝƘƕ? ..................................................... 376
ƟƸǁưƽƸǏ Ƹ ƾƿNjǂ ........................................................... 377 ƖƵǁǂƾƺưǏ ǀƵƻƸƳƸǏ......................................................... 382 ƘǁƻưƼ Ƹ ƽưǁƸƻƸƵ .......................................................... 386 ƟƠƘƜƕƧƐƝƘƯ ..................................................................... 392 ƣƚƐƗƐƢƕƛƬ ƘƜƕƝ .............................................................. 441
Îò àâòîðà DžƾǂƵƻ ƱNj ƿƾƱƻưƳƾƴưǀƸǂnj ƺƾƻƻƵƳ Ƹ ƴǀǃƷƵƹ, ǁ ƺƾǂƾǀNjƼƸ ƼƽƵ ƿǀƸDžƾƴƸƻƾǁnj ƾƱǁǃƶƴưǂnj ǀưƷƽNjƵ ưǁƿƵƺǂNj ƴưƽƽƾƹ ƺƽƸƳƸ ƸƻƸ ƺƾǂƾǀNjƵ ƴưƲưƻƸ ƼƽƵ ǁƾƲƵǂNj. ƭǂƾ ǂưƺƸƵ ƻǎƴƸ, ƺưƺ ƝưDžƼưƽ ƑƵƽ-ƘƵDžǃƴư, ƚǀƸǁǂƸưƽ ƑǀǍƴƸ, Ɣƶƾƽưǂưƽ Ƒǀƾƺƾƿƿ, ƑưǀǃDž ƓưƻnjƿƵǀƽ, Ɵƾƻ ƥưǀƲƸ, ƢƾƼƼƸ ƚƸƴƴ, ƓưǀƸ ƚƽƾƿƿƵǀǁ, ƓǀƵƳƳ ƠƵƱƵǀ Ƹ ƭǀƸƺ ơƵƹƱƵǀǂ. ƕǁƻƸ ƽư ǁǂǀưƽƸdžưDž ƼƾƵƹ ƺƽƸƳƸ Ƶǁǂnj ƺưƺƸƵ-ƻƸƱƾ ƾLjƸƱƺƸ, ƺưǁưǎljƸƵǁǏ DŽưƺǂƾƲ, ǀƵƻƸƳƸƸ ƸƻƸ ƲƵǀƾǃLJƵƽƸǏ, Ʋ ƽƸDž ƽƵ ǁƻƵƴǃƵǂ ƲƸƽƸǂnj ƴưƽƽNjDž ƻǎƴƵƹ. Ư ǂưƺƶƵ ƱƻưƳƾƴưǀƵƽ ƓưǀǍǂǃ ƚǃƺǃ ƸƷ ƳưƷƵǂNj Boston Globe, ǁ ƺƾǂƾǀNjƼ Ǐ ƽưLJưƻ ƳƾƲƾǀƸǂnj ƾƱ ƸƴƵǏDž, ƸƷƻƾƶƵƽƽNjDž Ʋ ƴưƽƽƾƹ ƺƽƸƳƵ. Ư ƿǀƸƷƽưǂƵƻƵƽ ƼƾƵƼǃ ƻƸǂƵǀưǂǃǀƽƾƼǃ ưƳƵƽǂǃ ƭƻƸƷ ƧƵƽƸ Ƹ ƼƾƵƼǃ ǀƵƴưƺǂƾǀǃ Ʋ ƸƷƴưǂƵƻnjǁǂƲƵ HarperOne ƠƾƴƶƵǀǃ ƤǀƸǂǃ. Ƙ ƱƾƻƵƵ ƲǁƵƳƾ Ǐ DžƾLJǃ ƿƾƱƻưƳƾƴưǀƸǂnj Ƽƾǎ ƶƵƽǃ ƛƸƷ ƔƶƵƽƺƸƽǁ.
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Îïðåäåëåíèÿ ƾǁƽƾƲƽƾƼ Ʋ Ǎǂƾƹ ƺƽƸƳƵ ǀƵLJnj ƿƾƹƴƵǂ ƾ ǁƲǏljƵƽƽNjDž ǂƵƺǁǂưDž, ƺƾǂƾǀNjƵ ƵƲǀƵƸ ƽưƷNjƲưǎǂ ǁƻƾƲƾƼ «ƢưƽưDž» ƸƻƸ ƿǀƾǁǂƾ ƑƸƱƻƸƵƹ. ƥǀƸǁǂƸưƽƵ ǁLJƸǂưǎǂ, LJǂƾ ǍǂƸ ƺƽƸƳƸ ǁƾǁǂưƲƻǏǎǂ ƻƸLjnj LJưǁǂnj ƑƸƱƻƸƸ ƿƾƴ ƽưƷƲưƽƸƵƼ «ƒƵǂDžƸƹ ƗưƲƵǂ», DžƾǂǏ ƼƽƾƳƸƼ ƽƵ ƽǀưƲƸǂǁǏ Ǎǂƾǂ ǂƵǀƼƸƽ, ƿƾǁƺƾƻnjƺǃ ƾƽ ƺƾǁƲƵƽƽƾ ƿǀƵƴƿƾƻưƳưƵǂ, LJǂƾ ǍǂƸ ǂƵƺǁǂNj ƺưƺƸƼ-ǂƾ ƾƱǀưƷƾƼ ǃǁǂưǀƵƻƸ ƸƻƸ ƲNjLjƻƸ ƸƷ ƼƾƴNj. ƟƾǍǂƾƼǃ ƼƽƾƳƸƵ ưƲǂƾǀNj ƿǀƵƴƿƾLJƸǂưǎǂ ƸǁƿƾƻnjƷƾƲưǂnj ƽƵƹǂǀưƻnjƽNjƹ ǂƵǀƼƸƽ «ƕƲǀƵƹǁƺưǏ ƑƸƱƻƸǏ», DžƾǂǏ Ǎǂƾ ǂƾƶƵ ƿƾǀƾƶƴưƵǂ ǁƲƾƸ ƿǀƾƱƻƵƼNj. ƕǁƻƸ ƒƵǂDžƸƹ ƗưƲƵǂ — Ǎǂƾ ƕƲǀƵƹǁƺưǏ ƑƸƱƻƸǏ, ƷƽưLJƸǂ, ƝƾƲNjƹ ƗưƲƵǂ Ƽƾƶƽƾ ǁLJƸǂưǂnj ƓǀƵLJƵǁƺƾƹ ƑƸƱƻƸƵƹ ƸƻƸ ƓǀƵLJƵǁƺƸƼ ƗưƲƵǂƾƼ, ƽƾ ǂưƺƾƵ ǃƿƾǂǀƵƱƻƵƽƸƵ ǁƻƾƲ ƽƵ ƾǂƴưƵǂ ƴƾƻƶƽƾƳƾ ǂƾƼǃ DŽưƺǂǃ, LJǂƾ DžǀƸǁǂƸưƽƵ ǁLJƸǂưǎǂ ưƲǂƾǀƸǂƵǂƽNjƼƸ ƽưƴ ǍǂƸ LJưǁǂƸ ƟƸǁưƽƸǏ. ƘƽƾƳƴư Ǐ Ʊǃƴǃ ƸǁƿƾƻnjƷƾƲưǂnj ǂƵǀƼƸƽ «ƒƵǂDžƸƹ ƗưƲƵǂ», ƾǂLJưǁǂƸ
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Îïðåäåëåíèÿ
ƿƾǂƾƼǃ, LJǂƾ Ʋ ƼƾƵƹ ǀưƱƾǂƵ ǀƵLJnj ƿƾƹƴƵǂ ƿǀƵƸƼǃljƵǁǂƲƵƽƽƾ ƾ DžǀƸǁǂƸưƽǁƺƾƼ ƿƾƽƸƼưƽƸƸ ƟƸǁưƽƸǏ. ƢƵƼ ƽƵ ƼƵƽƵƵ, ƺƾƳƴư Ǐ ƸǁƿƾƻnjƷǃǎ Ǎǂƾǂ ǂƵǀƼƸƽ, ƵƳƾ ƼNjǁƻƵƽƽƾ ǁƻƵƴǃƵǂ Ʊǀưǂnj Ʋ ƺưƲNjLJƺƸ. ƑƸƱƻƸǏ, Ƹ ƾǁƾƱƵƽƽƾ ƒƵǂDžƸƹ ƗưƲƵǂ, ǁƾƷƴưƲưƻưǁnj ƽư ƿǀƾǂǏƶƵƽƸƸ ƼƽƾƳƸDž ǁǂƾƻƵǂƸƹ, Ʋ ƵƵ ǁƾƷƴưƽƸƸ ǃLJưǁǂƲƾƲưƻƾ ƼƽƾƶƵǁǂƲƾ ưƲǂƾǀƾƲ Ƹ ǀƵƴưƺǂƾǀƾƲ. Ɯưƻƾ ƺǂƾ ƸƷ ǃLJƵƽNjDž ǁƵƳƾƴƽǏ, ƽưƿǀƸƼƵǀ, ǁƾƳƻưǁƸǂǁǏ ǁ ǂƵƼ, LJǂƾ ƜƾƸǁƵƹ ƱNjƻ ưƲǂƾǀƾƼ LJưǁǂƸ ƸƻƸ ƲǁƵDž ƺƽƸƳ, ƺƾǂƾǀNjƵ ƽưƷNjƲưǎǂ ƘǁDžƾƴ Ƹ ƒǂƾǀƾƷưƺƾƽƸƵ. ƢƵƼ ƽƵ ƼƵƽƵƵ ƼƽƾƳƸƵ ƸƷ ưƲǂƾǀƾƲ, ƾ ƺƾǂƾǀNjDž ǀƵLJnj ƿƾƹƴƵǂ Ʋ ƼƾƵƹ ƺƽƸƳƵ, ƽƵ ƱNjƻƸ ƷƽưƺƾƼNj ǁ ƸDž ƲNjƲƾƴưƼƸ, ư ƿƾǂƾƼǃ, ǀưƷƼNjLjƻǏǏ ƾ ƒǂƾǀƾƷưƺƾƽƸƸ, ƴǃƼưƻƸ ƾ ǂƾƼ, ƺưƺ ǁưƼ ƜƾƸǁƵƹ ƼƾƳ ǁƺưƷưǂnj ǂƵ ƸƻƸ ƸƽNjƵ ǁƻƾƲư. Ɵƾǁƺƾƻnjƺǃ ƼƵƽǏ ƷƴƵǁnj Ʋ ƿƵǀƲǃǎ ƾLJƵǀƵƴnj ƸƽǂƵǀƵǁǃƵǂ, ƺưƺ ǂƵƺǁǂ ƿƾƽƸƼưƻƸ Ƹ ƷưƿƾƼƸƽưƻƸ, ƸƽƾƳƴư Ǐ Ʊǃƴǃ ƳƾƲƾǀƸǂnj ǂưƺ, ƺưƺ ƵǁƻƸ ƱNj ƒǂƾǀƾƷưƺƾƽƸƵ ƱNjƻƾ ǂƵƺǁǂƾƼ, ƽưƿƸǁưƽƽNjƼ ƜƾƸǁƵƵƼ. ƞǂƺǀNjƲ ƚƾǀưƽ, ƼNj ǁǂưƻƺƸƲưƵƼǁǏ ǁ ƿƾƴƾƱƽNjƼƸ ƿǀƾƱƻƵƼưƼƸ ưƲǂƾǀƸǂƵǂư Ƹ ưǃǂƵƽǂƸLJƽƾǁǂƸ. ƟǀưƲƾƲƵǀƽNjƹ ƼǃǁǃƻnjƼưƽƸƽ ǁLJƸǂưƵǂ, LJǂƾ Ǎǂƾǂ ǂƵƺǁǂ ƱNjƻ ƽƵƿƾǁǀƵƴǁǂƲƵƽƽƾ ƿǀƾƴƸƺǂƾƲưƽ ƑƾƳƾƼ, ư ƿǀƾǀƾƺ ƜǃDžưƼƼƵƴ ƽƵ ƸƳǀưƻ ƿǀưƺǂƸLJƵǁƺƸ ƽƸƺưƺƾƹ ǀƾƻƸ Ʋ ƵƳƾ ǁƾƷƴưƽƸƸ ƸƻƸ ǀƵƴưƺǂƸǀƾƲưƽƸƸ. Ƙ ǃƶƵ ǂƾƻnjƺƾ ƿƾǍǂƾƼǃ ƱNjƻƾ ƱNj ƽƵƿǀưƲƸƻnjƽƾ ƽưLJưǂnj ƿǀƵƴƻƾƶƵƽƸƵ ǁƾ ǁƻƾƲ: «ƚưƺ ƳƾƲƾǀƸǂ ƿǀƾǀƾƺ ƜǃDžưƼƼƵƴ Ʋ ƚƾǀưƽƵ…» Ɵƾǁƺƾƻnjƺǃ Ǐ ƽƵ ƼǃǁǃƻnjƼưƽƸƽ, Ǐ ƽƵ ƲƵǀǎ Ʋ ǂƾ, LJǂƾ Ǎǂƾǂ ǂƵƺǁǂ ǁƾƷƴưƲưƻ ƸǁƺƻǎLJƸǂƵƻnjƽƾ ƑƾƳ, Ƹ ƿƾƻưƳưǎ, LJǂƾ ƜǃDžưƼƼƵƴ Ʋ ǂƾƹ ƸƻƸ Ƹƽƾƹ ƼƵǀƵ ǃLJưǁǂƲƾƲưƻ Ʋ ƵƳƾ ǁƾƷƴưƽƸƸ. ƒƾƿǀƾǁ ƾƱ ưƲǂƾǀǁǂƲƵ ǁǂưƽƾƲƸǂǁǏ ƵljƵ ƱƾƻƵƵ ǁƻƾƶƽNjƼ Ʋ ǁƲƵǂƵ ƽƵƺƾǂƾǀNjDž ƽNjƽƵLjƽƸDž ǂƵƾǀƸƹ, ǁƾƳƻưǁƽƾ ƺƾǂƾǀNjƼ ƾǂLJư-
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Îïðåäåëåíèÿ
ǁǂƸ ƚƾǀưƽ ƾƱǏƷưƽ ǁƲƾƸƼ ƿǀƾƸǁDžƾƶƴƵƽƸƵƼ ƴǀǃƳƸƼ ƱƾƻƵƵ ƴǀƵƲƽƸƼ ǂƵƺǁǂưƼ, ƺưƺ DžǀƸǁǂƸưƽǁƺƸƼ, ǂưƺ Ƹ ƸǃƴƵƹǁƺƸƼ. ƕǁƻƸ Ǎǂƾ ƽƵ ƾƳƾƲƾǀƵƽƾ Ʋ ƿǀƸƼƵLJưƽƸǏDž, Ǐ ƲǁƵƳƴư ƿƾƻnjƷƾƲưƻǁǏ ƿƵǀƵƲƾƴƾƼ ƑƸƱƻƸƸ King James Version. ƒ ƾǂƴƵƻnjƽNjDž ǁƻǃLJưǏDž Ǐ ƾǂƴưƲưƻ ƿǀƵƴƿƾLJǂƵƽƸƵ ǁƾƲǀƵƼƵƽƽƾƼǃ ƿƵǀƵƲƾƴǃ, ƺƾƳƴư ƾƽ ƱNjƻ ƿƾƽǏǂƽƵƵ, ƱƻưƳƾƷƲǃLJƽƵƵ ƸƻƸ ǂƾLJƽƵƵ.
Ââåäåíèå Ñîðèíêà è áðåâíî Ơ ǁƽdžƹƷ ƶƿƴƼƷǎ ƾƿƯƹǁƷdžƴǀƹƽƲƽ ƷǀƾƽƺNjƶƽƱƯƼƷǎ ƼƯLJƴƲƽ ƷƼǁƴƺƺƴƹǁƯ ƶƯưƱƴƼƷƴ ƷƲƿƯƴǁ Ƽƴ ƻƴƼƴƴ ƱƯƵƼǂǍ ƿƽƺNj, džƴƻ ƶƯƾƽƻƷƼƯƼƷƴ. Âèëüÿì Äæåìñ
Nj ƷƽưƵƼ, ƾ LJƵƼ ƴǃƼưƻƸ ǂƵǀǀƾǀƸǁǂNjǁƼƵǀǂƽƸƺƸ ƿƾ ƿǃǂƸ Ʋ ưǍǀƾƿƾǀǂNj 11 ǁƵƽǂǏƱǀǏ 2001 Ƴƾƴư. ƔǀƵǁǁƸǀƾƲljƸƺƸ ƸƷ Ɛƻnj-ƚưƸƴNj ƿǀƵƴƿƸǁưƻƸ ƸƼ ǀưƷƼNjLjƻǏǂnj ƾ ƴƲǃDž ƿǀƾǁǂǀưƽƽNjDž ǁǃǀưDž, ǂƾ Ƶǁǂnj ƳƻưƲưDž, ƚƾǀưƽư: ƾ ǁǃǀƵ ƏƺNj-ƏƼǃƯƺNj («ƔƾƱNjLJư») Ƹ ǁǃǀƵ Əǁ-ơƯǂưƯ («ƟƾƺưǏƽƸƵ»). ƭǂƾ ƼǃLJƸǂƵƻnjƽNjƵ ǂƵƺǁǂNj. ƑƾƳ ƾƱƵljưƵǂ «ƱǀƾǁƸǂnj Ʋ ǁƵǀƴdžư ǂƵDž, ƺǂƾ ǁƺƻƾƽƵƽ ƾǂƲƵǀƳưǂnj ƸǁǂƸƽǃ, ǁǂǀưDž», Ƹ ƿǀƸƷNjƲưƵǂ: «ƱƵƹǂƵ ƶƵ ƸDž ƿƾ LjƵǏƼ». ƑƾƳ ƿǀƵƴƿƸǁNjƲưƵǂ ǁƲƾƸƼ ƼǃǁǃƻnjƼưƽǁƺƸƼ ƿǀƸƲƵǀƶƵƽdžưƼ ǃƱƸƲưǂnj ƽƵƲƵǀǃǎljƸDž, Ʊǀưǂnj ƸDž Ʋ ƿƻƵƽ, ƽưƿưƴưǂnj ƽư ƽƸDž ƸƷ ƷưǁưƴNj: À êîãäà êîí÷àòñÿ ìåñÿöû çàïðåòíûå, òî èçáèâàéòå ìíîãîáîæíèêîâ, ãäå èõ íàéäåòå, çàõâàòûâàéòå èõ, îñàæäàéòå, óñòðàèâàéòå çàñàäó ïðîòèâ íèõ âî âñÿêîì ñêðûòîì ìåñòå!
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Ââåäåíèå
Î ïðîðîê! Áîðèñü ñ íåâåðíûìè è ëèöåìåðàìè è áóäü æåñòîê ê íèì. Èõ óáåæèùå — ãååííà1… ƞǂ ǁƻƾƲư, ƺƾǂƾǀƾƵ ƿƵǀƵƲƾƴƸǂǁǏ ƺưƺ «ƱƾǀƸǁnj» Ʋ ƿƾǁƻƵƴƽƵƼ ƿǀƸƲƵƴƵƽƽƾƼ ƲNjLjƵ ǁǂƸDžƵ, ƿǀƾƸǁDžƾƴƸǂ ǂƵǀƼƸƽ ƳƵƷDŽƯƳ, Ƹ ƿƾƷƴƽƵƵ ǁǂƾǀƾƽƽƸƺƸ ƴƶƸDžưƴư ƾƿƸǀưƻƸǁnj ƽư ǍǂƸ ǂƵƺǁǂNj2. ƢƵǀǀƾǀƸǁǂNj ƽƵ ƴƾƻƶƽNj ƾǁǂưƽưƲƻƸƲưǂnjǁǏ ƿƵǀƵƴ ǃƱƸƹǁǂƲƾƼ ǁƲƾƸDž ƿƻƵƽƽƸƺƾƲ. ƚưƺ ƲƽǃLjƸƻƸ ƸƼ ƽưǁǂưƲƽƸƺƸ, ǁưƼ ƑƾƳ ǁƺưƷưƻ ƜǃDžưƼƼƵƴǃ, LJǂƾ «ƿǀƾǀƾƺ ƽƵ ƴƾƻƶƵƽ DžǀưƽƸǂnj ǃ ǁƵƱǏ ƿƻƵƽƽƸƺƾƲ, ƿƾƺư ƾƽ ƽƵ ƿǀƾƿƸǂưƵǂ ƷƵƼƻǎ ƺǀƾƲnjǎ». Ɲưƴƾ ǁƾƲƵǀLjưǂnj ƲǁƵ, LJǂƾ Ƽƾƶƽƾ, ǀưƴƸ ǁǂǀƵƼƻƵƽƸǏ ƺ ǁƲǏljƵƽƽƾƹ džƵƻƸ, ƾƿƸǁưƽƽƾƹ Ʋ ǁǃǀƵ ƏƺNj-ƏƼǃƯƺNj: «ǃǁǂǀưLjƸǂƵ ƲǀưƳư ƐƻƻưDžư Ƹ ƲưLjƵƳƾ ƲǀưƳư»3. ƑNjǂnj ƼƾƶƵǂ, Ʋ ƿƾǁƻƵƴƽƸƵ ƼƸƽǃǂNj ǁƲƾƵƹ ƶƸƷƽƸ ǂƵǀǀƾǀƸǁǂNj ƽưDžƾƴƸƻƸ ƾƿƾǀǃ Ʋ ǍǂƸDž ǂƵƺǁǂưDž, ƳƴƵ ǁưƼ ƑƾƳ ƾǂƺǀNjǂƾ ƿǀƾǁƻưƲƻǏƵǂ ưƺdžƸƸ ǃǁǂǀưLjƵƽƸǏ Ƹ ǃƱƸƹǁǂƲƾ. ƭǂƸ ƶƵ ǁƻƾƲư ƲƴƾDžƽƾƲƻǏƻƸ Ƹ ƴǀǃƳƸDž ǍƺǁǂǀƵƼƸǁǂƾƲ. ƚƾƳƴư Ƽưƹƾǀ ưǀƼƸƸ ơƨƐ ƝƸƴưƻnj ƥưǁưƽ Ʋ 2009 Ƴƾƴǃ ǃǁǂǀƾƸƻ ƺǀƾƲưƲǃǎ Ʊƾƹƽǎ Ʋ Ƥƾǀƴ-ƥǃƴƵ, Ljǂưǂ ƢƵDžưǁ, ƲƻưǁǂƸ ƿƾƿNjǂưƻƸǁnj ǀưƷƾƱǀưǂnjǁǏ Ʋ ǂƾƼ, ƺưƺưǏ ƸƴƵƾƻƾƳƸǏ ǁǂƾǏƻư Ʒư ǍǂƸƼ ƿǀƵǁǂǃƿƻƵƽƸƵƼ. ƒNjǏǁƽƸƻƾǁnj, LJǂƾ Ʒư ƴƲư Ƴƾƴư ƴƾ ƱƾƹƽƸ ƥưǁưƽ ƲƵljưƻ ǁƲƾƸƼ ƸƷǃƼƻƵƽƽNjƼ ƺƾƻƻƵƳưƼ-ƽƵƼǃǁǃƻnjƼưƽưƼ ƾ ǂǀƵƱƾƲưƽƸǏDž ƚƾǀưƽư Ƹ, Ʋ LJưǁǂƽƾǁǂƸ, džƸǂƸǀƾƲưƻ ǂưƺƾƹ ǁǂƸDž ƸƷ ǁǃǀNj Əǁ-ơƯǂưƯ: «ơǀưƶưƹǂƵǁnj ǁ ǂƵƼƸ, ƺǂƾ ƽƵ ƲƵǀǃƵǂ Ʋ ƐƻƻưDžư Ƹ Ʋ ƿƾǁƻƵƴƽƸƹ ƴƵƽnj, ƽƵ ƷưƿǀƵljưƵǂ ǂƾƳƾ, LJǂƾ ƷưƿǀƵǂƸƻ ƐƻƻưDž Ƹ ƕƳƾ ƿƾǁƻưƽƽƸƺ, Ƹ ƽƵ ƿƾƴLJƸƽǏƵǂǁǏ ǀƵƻƸƳƸƸ ƸǁǂƸƽƽƾƹ — ƸƷ ǂƵDž, ƺƾǂƾǀNjƼ ƽƸǁƿƾǁƻưƽƾ ƿƸǁưƽƸƵ, ƿƾƺư ƾƽƸ ƽƵ ƴưƴǃǂ ƾǂƺǃƿư ǁƲƾƵƹ ǀǃƺƾƹ, ƱǃƴǃLJƸ ǃƽƸƶƵƽƽNjƼƸ»4.
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Ñîðèíêà è áðåâíî
И н ы е места
в Коране могут нас
шокировать
ƘƽNjƵ ƼƵǁǂư Ʋ ƚƾǀưƽƵ ƼƾƳǃǂ ƽưǁ LjƾƺƸǀƾƲưǂnj. ƒ ƾƴƽƾƼ ǁǂƸDžƵ ƷƲǃLJƸǂ ǂưƺƾƵ ƿǀƵƴƾǁǂƵǀƵƶƵƽƸƵ: «ƒƾƷƴưǏƽƸƵ ǂƵDž, ƺƾǂƾǀNjƵ Ʋƾǎǎǂ ǁ ƐƻƻưDžƾƼ Ƹ ƕƳƾ ƿƾǁƻưƽƽƸƺƾƼ… Ʋ ǂƾƼ, LJǂƾ ƾƽƸ Ʊǃƴǃǂ ǃƱƸǂNj ƸƻƸ ǀưǁƿǏǂNj». ƔǀǃƳƾƹ ƽưLJƸƽưƵǂǁǏ ǂưƺ: «Ɛ ƺƾƳƴư ƲNj ƲǁǂǀƵǂƸǂƵ ƽư ƿƾƻƵ ƱƾǏ ǂƵDž, ƺƾǂƾǀNjƵ ƽƵ ǃƲƵǀƾƲưƻƸ, ǂƾ — ǃƴưǀ ƼƵLJƾƼ ƿƾ LjƵƵ». ƚƾƳƴư ƞǁưƼư ƱƸƽ ƛưƴƵƽ Ʋ 1996 Ƴƾƴǃ ƿǀƾƲƾƷƳƻưǁƸƻ ƾ ƲƾƹƽƵ ƿǀƾǂƸƲ Ɨưƿưƴư, ƾƽ ƿǀƾdžƸǂƸǀƾƲưƻ Ǎǂƾǂ ǁǂƸDž Ƹ ƴǀǃƳƸƵ ǂƵƺǁǂNj ǁǃǀ ƏƺNj-ƏƼǃƯƺNj Ƹ Əǁ-ơƯǂưƯ 5.
Íàñèëèå è Êîðàí ƚƾǀưƽƸLJƵǁƺƸƵ ǂƵƺǁǂNj ƾƱƻưƴưǎǂ ƾǁƾƱƾƹ ǁƸƻƾƹ ƿƾ ǂƾƹ ƿǀƸLJƸƽƵ, LJǂƾ ƿǀưƲƾƲƵǀƽNjƵ ƼǃǁǃƻnjƼưƽƵ ƲƸƴǏǂ Ʋ ƚƾǀưƽƵ ǁƲǏljƵƽƽƾƵ ǁƻƾƲƾ ƑƾƳư, ƱǃƺƲưƻnjƽƾ ƷưƿƸǁưƽƽƾƵ ƿǀƾǀƾƺƾƼ ƜǃDžưƼƼƵƴƾƼ. ƭǂƾ ƾƴƽƾ ƸƷ ƳƻưƲƽNjDž ƾǂƻƸLJƸƹ ƚƾǀưƽư ƾǂ ƑƸƱƻƸƸ.
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