Tapatío 1 de noviembre 2015 by EL INFORMADOR

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<HEFBEEHL :?BE:=HL El irlandĂŠs Bram Stoker fue de los primeros en â&#x20AC;&#x153;humanizarâ&#x20AC;? las leyendas y mitos sobre seres fantĂĄsticos y abominables que rondaban entre la sociedad. Sin duda, darle vida a DrĂĄcula a travĂŠs de la literatura fue uno de los mayores ĂŠxitos de su vida que determinaron a personajes posteriores que toman su personalidad y caracterĂsticas fĂsicas como un referente inamovible. â&#x20AC;&#x153;DrĂĄcula tambiĂŠn se convirtiĂł en un clĂĄsico. Bram Stoker logrĂł crear la imagen del vampiro literario que permanece en la actualidad. La cultura del vampiro ha estado en el folclor de muchos pueblos, en sus leyendas, y ĂŠl recogiĂł muchas de las caracterĂsticas de esas creencias, las unificĂł para su personajeâ&#x20AC;?. AĂąade que la obra de Stoker se popularizĂł con tanta fuerza en el imaginario colectivo que desde su publicaciĂłn el personaje del vampiro saliĂł de las letras para instalarse con los mismos elementos en otras disciplinas artĂsticas como el cine o el teatro: El vampiro es un monstruo que sigue vigente a mĂĄs de 100 aĂąosâ&#x20AC;?.

>E =KĂ <NE: F>QB<:GH MĂŠxico tambiĂŠn tiene a sus cartas fuertes en la creaciĂłn de literatura de terror y para muestra estĂĄ el escritor poblano JosĂŠ Luis ZĂĄrate, que enfocado en lo contemporĂĄneo la literatura de gĂŠnero (ciencia ficciĂłn, fantasĂa y terror) y ha llamado la atenciĂłn por su obra â&#x20AC;&#x153;La ruta del hielo y la salâ&#x20AC;?, novela que toma a la figura del vampiro como pilar de toda su narrativa. â&#x20AC;&#x153;En esta novela JosĂŠ Luis ZĂĄrate recrea un momento tomado de la novela â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;DrĂĄculaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; de Bram Stoker, quien en la historia de su vampiro seĂąala que DrĂĄcula hace un viaje por barco en el que misteriosamente muere toda la tripulaciĂłn y el ataĂşd llega solo al puerto, pero nunca se dice que pasĂł realmente, y JosĂŠ Luis recrea todo lo que no explica Bram Stoker, lo que pasĂł en este trayecto del barcoâ&#x20AC;?.

>E L>GMBFB>GMH FĂ L HL<NKH Edgar Allan Poe, considerado el experto del relato corto y las penumbras mĂĄs bohemias. El autor, nacido en Boston en 1809, predomina en la popularidad de aquellos lectores gustosos del terror. Vanessa GarcĂa Leyva seĂąala que una de sus principales caracterĂsticas fue la personalizaciĂłn de un gĂŠnero a travĂŠs de las narraciones breves. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Por la naturaleza misma del cuento, Edgar Allan Poe es muy recomendado para los lectores primerizos. Fue un maestro indiscutible en el arte de narrar, tambiĂŠn en crear historias macabras, en las que elaborĂł un mundo con personajes muy extraĂąos que actĂşan movidos por impulsos que son muy negativos. Poe conocĂa muy bien toda esta psicologĂa y espectro de negatividad del humanoâ&#x20AC;?. â&#x20AC;&#x153;La caĂda de la casa Usherâ&#x20AC;? es para Vanessa una de las obras que mĂĄs consagraron a Poe en el gusto del pĂşblico, al grado de convertir a este cuento en un clĂĄsico de la literatura universal donde destacan elementos como la integraciĂłn de muertos que se levantan de sus tumbas o un asesino psicĂłpata en â&#x20AC;&#x153;CorazĂłn delatorâ&#x20AC;?, otra obra que tambiĂŠn marcĂł ĂŠxito en su trayectoria. â&#x20AC;&#x153;La fascinaciĂłn que logran estos cuentos se debe tambiĂŠn a la capacidad del autor para crear ambientes muy densos y muy compactos, logrando que el lector se sumerja de una manera muy profunda en el terror y los horroresâ&#x20AC;?.

<HG BG@>GBH ?>F>GBGH Mary Shelley, originaria de Londres, es otra autora que logrĂł marcar un estilo propio en el mundo del terror a travĂŠs de â&#x20AC;&#x153;Frankensteinâ&#x20AC;?, novela gĂłtica que dio nacimiento a uno de los monstruos mĂĄs emblemĂĄticos de la literatura universal. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Es un monstruo que tambiĂŠn encarna el miedo que se tiene a lo desconocido y a lo horrible, porque Frankenstein estĂĄ construido de partes de cuerpo humano. Es curioso, porque varios monstruos de la literatura de terror tienen ese caracterĂstica, son hombres que han muerto y resucitado, como tambiĂŠn lo manifiesta el vampiro, que le quita la sangre a los vivos para seguir vivoâ&#x20AC;?. Vanessa GarcĂa Leyva comenta que tras la creaciĂłn de Frankenstein, la idea de inventar monstruos con esta peculiaridad dio paso a otros personajes icĂłnicos como el zombie: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Todos los miedos reflejados en la literatura de terror vienen del hombre que causa horror porque se ha convertido en algo diferente, en algo que la sociedad ya no reconoce y rechazaâ&#x20AC;?.

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