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E: >LMBKI> Pero Joyce no se hizo solo: es heredero de una tradiciรณn literaria, de una forma de hacer literatura que se remonta siglos atrรกs. Xavier de Maistre y su โ Viaje alrededor de mi habitaciรณnโ ; Laurence Sterne y su โ Vida y opiniones del caballero Tristram Shandyโ , โ El Quijoteโ de Cervantes y Franรงois Rabelais con โ Gargantรบa y Pantagruelโ son algunos de sus antecedentes. ยฟY los posteriores? Buena parte de la literatura del siglo XX se divide entre los hijos putativos de Kafka, Proust y Joyce. Del irlandรฉs podemos nombrar a muchos escritores fuertemente influidos: en el รกmbito hispano estรกn el mencionado Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Jesรบs Dรญaz, Juliรกn Rรญos, Fernando del Paso y Salvador Elizondo.

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