Tapatío 6 de septiembre de 2015

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NG Ă‹>C|K<BMHĂŒ => =HL FBE /** ?NG<BHG:KBHL =>?B>G=> >E I:MKBFHGBH LBKBH Tras sobrevivir a mĂĄs de dos mil aĂąos con sus guerras desde el imperio romano al otomano, el yacimiento de Palmira sucumbe en el siglo XXI por los ataques yihadistas. En el intervalo de 10 dĂ­as, los milicianos del autoproclamado califato volaban en pedazos los milenarios templos de Baal Shamin y de Bel. SĂ­mbolos de idolatrĂ­a pagana para los yihadistas, para el resto de la humanidad se trata de dos tesoros menos en el patrimonio cultural. Los otros cinco yacimientos sirios catalogados por UNESCO como patrimonio cultural tambiĂŠn estĂĄn en peligro. Ante la destrucciĂłn, Maamoun Abdulkarim —director general de AntigĂźedades y Museos en Siria— prosigue su propia batalla cultural dentro de la guerra que desangra a su paĂ­s. Para ello

cuenta con el apoyo de su propio ejĂŠrcito compuesto por dos mil 500 funcionarios del Ministerio de Cultura. Han logrado poner a salvo 300 mil piezas, en “un lugar seguro en Damascoâ€?, asegura sin ocultar una orgullosa sonrisa. Pero a Abdulkarim le sobran desafĂ­os: “Antes Al Qaeda y ahora el Estado IslĂĄmico sacan provecho colaborando con los traficantes de arteâ€?. Desde 2013 se intensifica el pillaje sistemĂĄtico de yacimientos como el de Apamea, al norte del paĂ­s. A cambio de un porcentaje, los yihadistas permiten a los contrabandistas usar a una hambrienta poblaciĂłn local como peones para arrasar con los vestigios arqueolĂłgicos del lugar. Éstos son posteriormente extraĂ­dos del paĂ­s por vĂ­a terrestre a travĂŠs de TurquĂ­a o LĂ­bano para caer en manos de los grandes merce-

narios del arte en Estados Unidos, China, Europa o el Golfo. No todo son derrotas en la lucha contra reloj por preservar el patrimonio histĂłrico sirio. Aparte de la evacuaciĂłn de los museos, Abdulkarim ha logrado establecer un plan de protecciĂłn en varias zonas del paĂ­s. “En las ĂĄreas controladas por Al Qaeda o el EI no podemos hacer nadaâ€?, se lamenta. “Pero en otras zonas rebeldes hemos logrado acuerdos con los armados mediante la poblaciĂłn local. Es el caso de Bosra (al sur del paĂ­s y donde yace uno de los mĂĄs famosos anfiteatros romanos), de Idlib o de la regiĂłn kurda. AllĂ­ los funcionarios del ministerio de cultura, con nĂłminas pagadas desde Damasco, prosiguen su laborâ€?. El PaĂ­s

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