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La muerte de Satoshi fue sorpresiva para su pĂşblico, que inesperadamente conociĂł la enfermedad que el director sufriĂł luego de que ĂŠl mismo publicara una carta de despedida en su web konstone.s-kon.net, en la que agradeciĂł a sus seguidores la confianza y respaldo , ademĂĄs de explicar su acercamiento a la muerte. “Le preocupaba dejar un trabajo inconcluso. Estaba consciente de que era una persona talentosa y buena en lo que hacĂ­a, estaba demasiado concentrado en su trabajoâ€?, puntualiza Laura Michel refiriendo la esperanza que existe de que algĂşn dĂ­a se retome los inicios que Satoshi dejĂł de lo que serĂ­a su Ăşltima creaciĂłn “Dream machineâ€?. Aunque no existe una traducciĂłn oficial en inglĂŠs o en espaĂąol de la Ăşltima carta de Satoshi, algunas interpretaciones rondan en la web donde rememoran el legado del artista nipĂłn y se destacan los pĂĄrrafos mĂĄs emocionales y cruciales con los que el director se despidiĂł.

Satoshi Kon, LA DIVINIDAD del anime oscuro

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šNG MKB;NMH9 Tras el ĂŠxito que Christopher Nolan alcanzĂł en 2008 con “The Dark Knightâ€?, donde se adjudicĂł dos Premios Oscar, el cineasta britĂĄnico brillĂł por un prestigio que se reafirmarĂ­a al llegar con “Inceptionâ€? a la pantalla grande en 2010, con la que obtuvo cuatro preseas de la Academia. ÂżQuĂŠ tiene que ver Nolan en el legado de Satoshi? Aunque nunca lo hablĂł, los fans del cineasta nipĂłn inmediatamente refirieron que “Inceptionâ€? era una copia modernista de “Paprikaâ€?. “A Satoshi lo empezaron a copiar cineastas estadounidenses, can adienses, britĂĄnicos. ‘Paprika’ es una pelĂ­cula sumamente surrealista, tiene un mensaje que te calienta el corazĂłn, te hace reflexionar sobre ti, sobre cĂłmo son las personas, cĂłmo quieres que los demĂĄs te veanâ€?. TambiĂŠn Darren Aronofsky fue blanco de crĂ­ticas por “Cisne negroâ€?, que le valiĂł el Oscar a su protagonista, pues los fans de Kon afirman que la historia de la bailarina “Ninaâ€? tiene su inspiraciĂłn en los ĂĄlter egos y presiones que el japonĂŠs puso en “Perfect Blueâ€?. “A Satoshi yo lo considerarĂ­a como un caso Ăşnico entre los suyos, no encontraremos a ningĂşn otro animador que se le parezca de los aĂąos noventa en adelanteâ€?. Rumbo al aĂąo 2000, la animaciĂłn japonesa comenzĂł a oscurecer sus historias con temĂĄticas para adultos; Laura seĂąala que Satoshi evitĂł caer en los clichĂŠs de estas producciones mĂĄs “madurasâ€?.

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