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>E @K:G <HE><<BHGBLM: Por lo que toca a los trabajos del profesor emérito, refiere el investigador que “él analizaba todos los materiales que se llevaban, en parte eso propició que la colección de huesos fósiles con trabajos humanos más amplia que se conoce es la del Museo Regional, se la debemos a él; es un conjunto de anzuelos, agujas, cinceles y demás instrumentos de una época en que la gente no conocía la cerámica ni los metales”. Como persona, evoca Schöndube, “era siempre muy amable, platicábamos muy a gusto; le en-

cantaba coleccionar pero también viajar y la geología —tuvo una gran colección de rocas y cristales— ; después, también reunió un conjunto extraordinario de armas antiguas, tanto de fuego como las denominadas ‘blancas’, aunque cansado de tramitar licencias se fue deshaciendo de ella (pero era muy buena)”. Por otra parte, continúa, “lo que creo —no estoy seguro— que sigue en manos de la familia es una colección de piezas en rocas que conocemos como ‘de grano fino’ —jadeíta, cristal de roca, amatista— y que no es antigua, pero que reúne trabajos donde artesanos copiaron piezas prehispánicas, que se exhibieron como arte lapidario”.

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BG=>?BGB;E> R =>FH<KàMB<H Aunque predomina su intertextualidad y la particularidad de que mezcla géneros en poca extensión, el microrrelato lucha por no ser definido, a decir de Friedhelm Schmidt-Welle. Explica que el intento de definir por parte de los académicos ocurre por la necesidad de poner las cosas en su lugar a causa de que en las redes sociales hay cada vez más información, aunque no signifique más comunicación, algo que hace más difícil ordenar la vida y nuestra visión del mundo. “Ordenar o definir ciertos textos también es una respuesta al caos to-

tal que produce la sobreinformación que vivimos”. A su vez, la variedad de los microrrelatos lo vuelve un género democrático en el que convergen muchas visiones, aunque de manera aislada, como pasa con los textos de Guillermo Samperio y Bernarda Solís. Es así que el espectador entra a un museo de palabras o de miradas, en el caso de las películas. En estos recintos se juntan las piezas sueltas que a la mejor formarán una colección de fragmentos en el cual dejan ver la complejidad del mundo

que representan. La condensación y la elipsis estética permitirán un diálogo entre el escritor y el lector de cine y el espectador. El microrrelato abre un espacio para ese diálogo democratizador o que permita al visitante del museo construir referencias subjetivas que complementan los discursos de las piezas de su colección. Lo que Schmidt-Welle trata de ver es si en ese museo de letras e imágenes hay más que una muestra de piezas sueltas; un mosaico que permita acceder al contexto de la sociedad como conjunto.

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