ELAINE STOKES MLA CANDIDATE [2016] HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN B.A. IN ARCHITECTURE [2014] WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTACT : 2 PARK PLACE, #2 SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 E : ESTOKES@GSD.HARVARD.EDU T : [651] 808 2745
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE TUNING PROJECT PARKWAY
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SITE ANALYSIS + URBAN DESIGN INHABIT -- HABITAT DELMAR CORRIDOR COMMUNITY WALMART HYDROPHILICITY : A STUDY OF ACTIVE PUBLIC SPACE ALONG THE RIVER THAMES7 DAM[N] IT : MAPPING THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN
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ARCHITECTURE SUSPEND -- CONDENSE DELMAR CORRIDOR : FLEX ROOM
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DRAWINGS + PUBLICATIONS GRAPHITE, WATERCOLOR, + ACRYLIC ISSUES MAGAZINE
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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
A C
B
D
TUNING
FrameworkD Plan // Broad Channel, New York
Critic : Chris Reed, Harvard Graduate School of Design Project Partner : Christianna Bennett
A C
Intersecting Forces : Landform & Fluid Interface 1 : 25,000
Landform Scale : High density development
Fluid Scale :
B
Highlands
Height Field : Landform Low density development
1 : 10,000
A
Intense Slope
Pond
Paved
Height Field : Marsh Landform Pond / Marsh Coast
Open field
Open water
A
D
C
Fluid Interface Analysis
Landform Intensity Analysis 1
1 : 25,000
1 : 25,000
Fluid + Landform Analysis
1 : 25,000
1 : 10,000
A - Fluid, 1 - Landform, 5 intense slope, open fields
Open water
C
1 : 10,000
1 : 10,000
1 : 25,000
Fluid Scale :
Landform Scale : High density development
B
B and This project explores the way subtle shifts in topography and bathymetry Low density development
Highlands
Intense Slope
deployment of “weak� infrastructure can transform the island of Broad Channel in Jamaica Bay into a site for new forms of urban living. Through site analysis (as seen above and to the left), Tuning proposes an inversion of the existing water-land relationship, encouraging land building to protect a new form of settlement that occupies light structures above water rather than land.
D - Fluid 5 - Landform 4 open water
B - Fluid, 4 - Landform 1 coast, low density development
Paved
Pond
Pond / Marsh
Marsh
Open water
Coast
Open field
Open water
C - Fluid, 0 - Landform 5 highland, open field
D
Initial sample sites :
D - Fluid 5 - Landform 4 open water
A - Fluid, 1 - Landform, 5 1 : 25,000
A
intense slope, open fields
1 : 10,000
B
C
D
Fluid Scale
Landform Scale : High density development
High highland, open field
B - Fluid, 4 - Landform 1 coast, low density development
Low density development
B - Fluid, 4 - Landform 1 coast, low density development
Inte
D
Paved
Pond
Pond / Marsh
Mars
Open water
1 : 25,000
1 : 10,000
Open field C - Fluid, 0 - Landform 5 highland, open field
Coa
C - Fluid, Ope 0 highland, op
D - Fluid 5 - L open water
Landform Intensity Analysis 2
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High density development
Low density development
Paved
Pond / Marsh
Open water
Open field A - Fluid, 1 - Landform, 5
intense slope, open fields
Landform Scale High densit developmen D - Fluid 5 - Landform 4 open water
A - Fluid, 1 - Landform, 5 intense slope, open fields
Low densi developme
Landforms
1 : 300
Pressure Effects
Merged Typologies Combined Interventions
1 : 300
Specific Typologies
Air : Laminar
Water : Pooling
Topographic Types
Air : Turbulent
Mounds
B - Structures, 2 - Landform 1 light surface treatment paved lands, dynamic shorelands
Landform & Remediative Plants
Water : Channeling
C - Plant, 2 - Landform 4 mild-high contamination and saltwater, open water
B - Structures, 2 - Landform 1 light surface treatment paved lands, dynamic shorelands
Drumlins
Landform & Structure A - Structures, 0 - Landform, 5 no structures, open fields
Terracing
A - Fluid, 1 - Landform, 5 intense slope, open fields
Landform & Fluid Interface B - Fluid, 4 - Landform 1 coast, low density development
Landform Typologies
Landform + Structure Typologies
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Phase 1
Phase 2
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Phase 3
Jamaica Bay Expansion Plan
Assemblies + Deployments
Pilings + Mesh
Marsh Formation
Post Fence and Mesh
Floating Docks
Occupiable Platforms
Broad Channel Implementation Plan
Deployable Structures
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PROJECT PARKWAY
Costal Resilience Framework Plan // Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Critics : Pierre Belanger, Rosetta Elkin, Harvard Graduate School of Design Project Partners : Ivy Pan, Max Sell
Through a planting strategy incorporating regenerative species that stabilize the ephemeral ground, Project Parkway engages Cape Cod with a project to protect Highway 6 as the critical evacuation route for the area. This strategy also creates a more durable landscape that bolsters the tourism economy of the Cape and invites diverse forms of recreational occupation along Highway 6.
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Initial studies (shown below) explore the shifting coastline of Cape Cod in relation to sea level rise, inundation, and erosion. This understanding of the coastline led to the development of a grid system applied across the Cape (shown at right) to guide the planting of stabilizing species. Zones with the greatest risk of land loss adjacent to Highway 6 became the focal moments of the project.
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Populus Tremuloides
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Panicum Amarum
Rhus Typhina
Rhus Typhina Growth Progression
Asphalt Surface Tack Coating Aggregate Base Panicum Amarum Rhus Typhina Populus Tremuloides
Planting Instructions
Highway 6 Adjacent Planting Infrastructure
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SITE ANALYSIS + URBAN DESIGN
INHABIT - HABITAT HABITAT INHABIT
The Livable Harborfront The HarborfrontFramework Framework/ ///Copenhagen Copenhagen
Critic DanishInstitute Institutefor forStudy StudyAbroad Abroad Critic :: Bianca Bianca Hermansen, Hermansen, Danish
Low-Lying Snake Sloped Bridge
Central City Connection
Dybbølsbroparken
Butikhavn Fisketorvet Harborfront Entrance
Backdoor Parking
The area surrounding the Fisketorvet shopping center The area surrounding the Fisketorvet shopping consists of zones extremely high andhigh extremely center consists of of zones of extremely or low low use. While the bridge crossing over the Dybbølsbro use. While the adjacent bridge experiences such S-Train station experiences such high pedestrian high pedestrian usage that people overflow sidewalks usage that people overflow sidewalks and the an crowd the cycling lane, the land below crowd the bridge lane, the unused land below the bridge is left iscycling completely devoid of occupation. Additionally, the completely vacant. Additionally, road despite space the majority of road space is devotedmost to cars, leading flow up toofFisketorvet is allocated to cars, even heavier cycling traffic throughout the day. though car traffic falls far behind cyclist and pedestrian traffic during hours of the day. To remedy these issues,allthe Inhabit - Habitat proposal seeks to remedy the Fisketorvet-Dybbolsbro Instead, the Inhabit—Habitat proposal seeks to area by creating accessible connections between remedy the Fisketorvet-Dybbølsbro by also creating retail, harbor, and open green spacearea while improving water management accessiblestorm connections between retail,and thepotential ecosystems on site. plan callswhile for a also complete harborfront, and openThis green space, restructuring of the area’s traffic hierarchy. improving storm water management and the natural habitats of the site. Instead of simply remedying the cyclist route through the area, this proposal calls for a complete restructuring of the traffic hierarchy of the 16 site.
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INHABIT
HABITAT
Framework Components
Fisketorvet Harborfront Entrance
Butikhavn Retail Expansion
Dybbølsbro S-Train Station + Bridge Reconstruction
Fisketorvet Site Cross Section : Harbor, Retail, Residential, Green Space
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DELMAR CORRIDOR : HOME VALUE, 2000 Urban Analysis // St. Louis
Critic : Kees Lokman, Washington University in St. Louis
The Delmar Cooridor project crafts a series of urban design proposals for the neighborhoods bordering Delmar Boulevard based on intensive research. Working at a variety of scales, the first phase documents home values, considering the critical juxtapositions of forces as play in the city.
Delmar Blvd. $15,000-$40,000 $40,001-$55,000 $55,001-$75,000 $75,001-$100,000 $100,001-$150,000 $150,001-$300,000 $300,001-$600,000 No Home Value Data National Historic District Local Historic District Information courtesy of the Missouri 2010 Census accessed through ArcMap, http://www.zillow.com, http://www.arcgis.com, and http://http://www.stlouis-mo.gov
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4037 Enright Ave: $35,800 4035 Enright Ave: 4011 Enright Ave: 4002 & 4006 Enright Ave: Built 1894 $33,700 $33,200 $38,900 3 Bed Built 1887 Built 1884 Built 1968 2 Bath 2 baths 1 bath 2 bath 2396 sq ft 2608 sq ft 3260 sq ft 2444 sq ft 2 stories 2 stories 3 stories 1 story .16 acres .16 acres .15 acres .32 acres
DELMAR CORRIDOR : ESTIMATED INDIVIDUAL HOME VALUES, 2013 Urban Analysis // St. Louis
3655 Finney Ave: $36,100 Built 1894 2 bath 2950 sq ft .25 acres
$29,457
$38,750 $81,538 $333,871
3972 Enright Ave: $47,200 Built 1884 2 Bed 1 Bath 2308 sq ft 2 stories .11 acres
$39,375
$70,000 $41,667
$161,905 $241,346 $158,654
$54,615
$193,750
$22,500
$283,333
$97,500 $30,625
$421,429
3653 Finney Ave: $33,200 Built 1888 2 Bath 3270 sq ft .08 acres
3646 Finney Ave: $27,300 Built 1903 1 Bath 2748 sq ft 3 stories .06 acres
3644 Finney Ave: $122,700 Built 2001 3.5 Bath 1986 sq ft 3 stories
$20,000 - $40,000 $40,001 - $60,000 $60,001 - $80,000 $80,001 - $100,000 $100,001 - $150,000 $150,001 - $200,000 $200,001 - $300,000 $300,001 + Delmar Blvd.
No Data $26,667
4153 Westminster Pl: $143,200 Built 1989 2.5 Bath 1676 sq ft 2 stories .13 acres
4147 Westminster Pl: $138,300 Built 1989 2.5 baths 1914 sq ft 2 stories .17 acres
4109 Westminster Pl: $126,400 Built 1989 2.5 bath 1216 sq ft 2 stories .08 acres
3807 Westminster Pl: $79,300 Built 1996 2.5 bath 1594 sq ft 2 stories .1 acres
3763 Westminster Pl: $54,100 Built 1892 2712 sq ft 3 stories .14 acres
3757 Westminster Pl: $63,700 Bult 1887 5550 sq ft 3 stories .17 acres
3010 Locust Ave: $151,300 Built 1920 1 Bath 1830 sq ft Mixed use building 2nd floor living space
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DELMAR CORRIDOR : LET IT GROW
Urban Agriculture Framework Plan // St. Louis
Based on neighborhood characteristics including availablity of vacant land, building types, average age, and employment rate, the Let It Grow Framework Plan develops a series of corridors and nodes that would act as the heart of the city’s agricultural practices where urban forestry, aquaponics, aquaculture, and argiculture education would flourish.
Critic : Kees Lokman, Washington University in St. Louis Partners : Erika Abate, Andrew Druding
The proposal also includes an agricultural tax credit to encourage residential and commerical sites to increase the local productivity of the city.
15 min. walking radius
Delmar Corridor Agriculture Corridor Agriculture-Related Residential Zone Compost Site Major St. Louis Institution
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Proposed Corridor Connection Route Delmar Blvd. School Restaurant Using Local Produce Existing Farmer’s Market Existing Grocery Store Bike Cafe and Repair Stop
The Let It Grow master plan includes site-specific agricultural implementations for six nodes within the corridor. The neighborhood surrounding Cole Elementary School is one of these nodes, and the existing conditions of this area make it a prime location for rainwater collection, composting sites, and large scale urban agriculture and aquaponic facilities.
Aquaponics Center Rainwater Collection New Housing Large-scale Agriculture
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COMMUNITY COMMUNITYWALMART WALMART
Pruitt-Igoe Now Competition Louis Urban Development Proposal////St.St. Louis
Independent Project Pruitt-Igoe Now Competition, completed with design partner Jamie Niekamp
When asked what would be the ideal development on the Pruitt-Igoe site, a resident living just north of the urban forest resonded:
“
“ PHARMACY FURNITURE GROCERY CLOTHING HOME REPAIR
Inspired surrounding neighborhoods, fellow University student Jamie Niekamp Inspired by bythis thiscomment commentand andintensive intensivesurveys surveysofofthethe surrounding neighborhoods, thisWashington proposal suggests concentrating residential and proposed concentrating residential andnear small-scale developement nearthan nodes of existing residency. ThisCommuensures that and Ismall-scale commercial development nodes ofcommercial existing occupation. Rather bringing in a big-box store, all of proposes a super-store are provided to the community through support local ownership rather than outsourcing. nityaspects Walmart growth of local businesses that provide allbusinesses aspects of that a super-store while supporting local ownership, not Additionally, scale interventions as pathways andaslighting would forestconnect to the surrounding area, establishing a outsourcing.small Additionally, small scalesuch interventions such pathways andconnect lightingthe would the vacant Pruitt-Igoe site to the cohesive network Pruitt-Igoe and itsnetwork surroundings. surrounding area,between establishing a cohesive between the site and its surroundings. This proposal was selected as one of 31 finalists out of 352 competition entries.
Existing Site
Occupied residential Vacant Occupied commercial School Church Fire department Pruitt-Igoe site
Proposal
Residential occupancy expansion Commercial + community activity expansion
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HYDROPHILICITY : A STUDY OF ACTIVE PUBLIC SPACE ALONG THE RIVER THAMES HYDROPHILICITY : A STUDY OF ACTIVE PUBLIC SPACE ALONG THE RIVER THAMES Bemis Research Scholarship // London
HYDROPHILICITY : A STUDY OF ACTIVE PUBLIC SPACE ON THE RIVER THAMES
Gabriel’s Wharf : Sample Site Analysis Gabriel’s Wharf : Sample Site Analysis
Bemis Research Scholarship Independent Project // London Independent Project
Independent Project
friar’s
1000 500 0
The Southbank area of London is comprised of a range of highly active public spaces. This research takes The Southbank area of London is comprised of a rangeactivity of highly activespace. public spaces. ThisGardens, researchatakes three case studies and analyzes the pedestrian in each The Jubilee traditionally three case studies and pedestrian activity in each space.area; Theand Jubilee Gardens, a traditionally landscaped park;analyzes Gabriel’sthe Wharf, a small-business shopping Millennium Bridge, the landscaped park; Gabriel’s a small-business area; and Millennium connection between Wharf, St. Paul’s Cathedral andshopping the Tate Modern Museum, wereBridge, chosenthefor their diversity of connection between St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tate Modern Museum, were chosen for theirthat diversity of facilitating design and scale. Comparison of concrete statistics gathered from each sites reveals spaces design informal and scale. Comparison concrete offer statistics gathered each than sitesformalized reveals thatspaces. spaces facilitating human use and of interaction a wider range from of activity informal human use and interaction offer a wider range of activity than formalized spaces.
4 sec
4 sec
M
PM
M
0P
0P
5:0
5:0
0 5:0
M
15,867 15,867
0
9:00 AM 9:00 AM
9:00 AM 9:00 AM 0P
Millennium Millennium BridgeBridge
500
1 min 1 min. 37 se 37 sec.
5:0
2,5792,579
1000
3 min. 3 min. 32 sec. 32 sec.
5,5095,509
Gabriel’s Gabriel’s WharfWharf
1500
Pedestrian Traffic Volume Pedestrian Traffic Volume
15 min
15 min
THE NUMBERS: THE NUMBERS: Pedestrians Daily Daily Total Total Pedestrians Gardens JubileeJubilee Gardens
2000
e
ridge
1500
Bridg
iar’s B
Black fr
Bridge
Bridge
2000
Black
oo Waterl
oo Waterl
River Thames River Thames
Bemis Research Scholarship // London
Average Time Spent on Site Average Time Spent on Site
Pedestrian Routes, 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM Pedestrian Routes, 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Average Time Spent on Site 23 6 Average Time Spent on Site
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DAM[N] IT : MAPPING THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN Water Use Study // Campbell, Wyoming Faculty Supervisor : Kees Lokman
10.97 MILLION GAL/DAY Surface-water used for Mining
54.6 MILLION GAL/DAY Ground-water used for Mining
BLACK THUNDER MINE: Thunder Basin Coal Company 100.7 MILLION TONS Coal exported in 2013, as reported at http://www.archcoal.com/
642,000 GAL/DAY Ground-water + Surface run-off water used at Black Thunder Mine
1.78 MILLION GAL/YEAR
16.93 in Campbell :
Wyoming : 15.66 in
United States :
38.67 in
Water Used for Dust Control at Black Thunder Mine
Average Annual Precipitation
2.37 MILLION GAL/DAY Water Discharged from Black Thunder Mine http://waterplan.state.wy.us/ Little Thunder Creek
Cheyenne River
Missouri River
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ARCHITECTURE
SUSPEND - CONDENSE
Riverfront Pool + Spa // Bellerive Park, St. Louis
Critic : Derek Hoeferlin, Washington University in St. Louis
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A series of conceptual models served as the starting point for this design. Inspired by water condensation and layering, as well as the dramatic topography of Bellerive Park, these models explore methods of connecting areas above and below the cliff that bisects the site. Ultimately, the pool and spa was suspended above the cliff’s edge, allowing the structure itself to serve as a visual connection between the various areas of the park and the adjacent Mississippi River.
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DELMAR CORRIDOR DELMAR CORRIDOR: FLEX : FLEXROOM ROOM
Louis Tangible Solution SolutionforforPublic PublicSchools Schools////St.St. Louis
Critic : Kees Lokman, Washington University in St. Louis To continue the possibilities for interaction between urban agricultural practices and education, the final stage of this process is an independent design d to create a multi-purpose, affordable, and easily constructable space that act as anofoutdoor classroom, farmer’s or community meeting location. To begin the design, possibiltiesofwere considered foraffordable, each element the structure. Acould continuation the Delmar Corridor : Let itmarket, Grow Framework Plan, this phase of design focuses on theseveral implementation a multi-purpose, andofeasily constructable space. The Flex Room can serve as an outdoor classroom, farmer’s market, or community meeting location.
112.5 sq ft
550 sq ft
225 sq ft
600 sq ft
550 sq ft
1
3A
2 Roof Cover
3B
600 sq ft
Roof Pitch
300 sq ft
Floor Plans
625 sq ft
Floor Elevation
Floor Plan Combinations
Siding + Apertures
Room Division
Construction Materials
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One (1) 3’ x 7’ 6” wood panel door Three (3) 13’ 3” x 4’ x 2’ wood benches Fourty-two (42) 9’6” x 3/4” x 6” wood sill plates One (1) 9’ 3” x 4’ x 2’ wood bench Fifty-four (54) 9’ 6” x 2” x 6” wood beams Sixteen (16) 4’ 6” x 7’ 6” x 6” rotating wood panel Thirty-four (34) 14’ x 2” x 6” wood beams windows Twenty-eight (28) 7’ x 2” x 6” wood beams Three (3) 13’ 3” x 2’ x 2’ wood shelves Twelve (12)9’ 3” x 2” x 6 “ wood beams One (1) 9’ 3” x 2’ x 2’ wood shelves 33’ 6” x 42’ corrugated aluminum Three hundred thirty (330) 13’ 6” x 2” x 6” wood beams
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DELMAR CORRIDOR : FLEX ROOM DELMAR CORRIDOR : FLEX ROOM// St. Louis Tangible Solution for Public Schools ROOM DELMAR CORRIDOR : FLEX ROOM Tangible Solution for Public Schools // St. Louis
This flexible, constructible design Public Schools Schoolsis// //anSt. St.attainable Louis improvement for St. Louis City public schools, where budgets and resources are tight. This stage considers the research and framework plan conceived earlier in the Tangibleeasily Solution for Public Louis This flexible, easily constructible an attainable improvement for St. Louis City public schools, budgets and resources are tight. This stage considers the research and framework plan conceived earlier in the semester to inform a streamlineddesign designis that addresses the spatial and economic challenges within where the Delmar Corridor. This to flexible, constructible design an for City schools, where research and framework plan conceived earlier in the easily constructible design anattainable attainable improvement forSt. St.Louis Louis Citypublic public schools, wherebudgets budgetsand andresources resourcesare aretight. tight.This Thisstage stageconsiders considersthethe research and framework plan conceived earlier in the semester informeasily a streamlined design thatisisaddresses theimprovement spatial and economic challenges within the Delmar Corridor. semester to inform design addresses spatial and economic challenges within the Corridor. inform adesign a streamlined streamlined design that that addressesthe the andCity economic challenges within theDelmar Delmar Corridor. are tight. This stage of design considers the research and framework plan to inform a design that This flexible is an attainable improvement for spatial St. Louis public schools, where budgets and resources addresses the spatial and economic challenges within the Delmar Corridor.
North / South NorthNorth / South // South North South
East / West
East West East East// West / West
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DRAWINGS + PUBLICATIONS
Bath, U.K. Graphite + Watercolor Critic : Carolyn Gaidis Washington University in St. Louis
Ikebana Graphite on Bristol Critics : John Mueller, Kevin Le Washington University in St. Louis
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At Left: Light Study Sequence Graphite + Watercolor At Right: Shadows and Depth Graphite Critic s: Catalina Freixas, Jaymon Diaz Washington University in St. Louis
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Pieces Charcoal, Acrylic, and Tape on Stonehenge Critic : Robert Hansman Washington University in St. Louis
ISSUES MAGAZINE
Design and its Social Ramifications // St. Louis
Student-run Biannual Publication, Co-founder (2011), President (Fall 2012- Spring 2013), Editor-in-Chief (Fall 2012 - Spring 2014)
Letter from the Editor, Spring 2013 An issue is not simply a problem, a negative, a difficulty. An issue is the beginning of a discussion, the intersection of multiple opinions, something unsettled that needs attention. This semester, we are addressing the issue of vacancy in St. Louis. This condition is impossible to overlook: nearly any street you pass in St. Louis city has at least a handful of unoccupied storefronts, decaying houses, or empty lots. Only the most affluent neighborhoods have been able to evade this trend, which has been evolving for several decades. Delving into the past, several of our writers explore the impact certain historical events have had on St. Louis, from the practice of redlining to the elimination of the Mill Creek Valley community to the demolition of the Pruitt Igoe housing project. As a result of these events and many other circumstances, the population of St. Louis has declined from 857,000 to 318,000 over the past six decades. Now, the city is left with an extremely low population density and thousands of vacant lots. Without the resources needed for maintenance, the city has allowed such properties to fall into disrepair. Neglect only exacerbates the issue; St. Louis needs relationships, activism, and innovation to reach its full potential. Could vacancy be an asset for St. Louis? We invite you to read this issue and see the potential rather than the problem.
- Elaine Stokes
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