INTRODUCTORY
STUDIES
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CONTENTS
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01
MAPPING PROJECT
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02
LIFE & DEATH
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03
THROUGH THE LETTERBOX
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04
WORKSHOPS
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05
EXHIBITIONS
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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MAPPING PROJECT
INITIAL IDEAS The aim of the Mapping Project was to visualise our journey from home to university. My Journey: 24 Melville Road - Stanfield Road - Talbot Avenue - BU - AUB
Initial Idea
Initial Idea
Initial Idea
People I notice wearing
Telephone wires I notice
Thoughts I have on my way
headphones on my journey
when I look towards the sky
into university
into university
After my critique, I realised my ideas were too vague. Next, I decided to visualise the sound on my way into university.
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SOUND I recorded the sound on my way into University from home.
Soundwaves move in circular vibrations, which is why I visualised the soundwave using circles below. The
I decided to do an animation of the soundwaves on my way into university, as I felt this would effectively communicate my journey.
Initial Idea Line moves in direction of travel. When it reachers a point, circles can appear to represent soundwaves. The more circles. the denser the sound wave.
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larger the circle, the larger the soundwave.
ADOBE AE I created an animation of the soundwaves using Adobe After Effects. The line moves in the direction I travel into university. When it reaches a point, the circles appear to represent sound waves. The circles fade out as the sound fades out. 1
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I did not think a moving line was the best way to show my journey into university. Instead, I have decided to animate footsteps to show my journey. The sound and footsteps fade out together. 1
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TUTORIAL The comments from my tutorial were as follows: 1. Because the soundwaves moved on top of the footsteps, it suggested the footsteps were making the noise 2. Perhaps a camera could move across the screen 3. No need to add colour 4. Perhaps try without footsteps
ADOBE AFTER EFFECTS After my tutorial, I realised I needed to adjust the placement of the soundwaves, so it didn’t seem like the footsteps were making the noise.
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LECTURE KIRSTEN: 07/10/2014
NEWSPAPERS • The Daily mail website is highly addictive • When we look at this website. we’re being channelled information through visual hierarchy. • Why is information presented in a specific way?
• • • • • •
PACKAGING • Study the language and tone of packaging - how good is the communication? • We have been fed secondary information as we grow up which creates images in our head • On packaging, countries are often used to show freshness/ goodness
LEARNING: RETENTION
WHAT IS GRAPHIC
RATES
DESIGN?
10% Read 26% Hear 30% See 50% See and Hear 70% what we say 90% of what we say as we do something
• Communication through visual language • magazine, design, posters, web, propaganda, typography, advertising, corporate identity, information design, signage, brochures, film titles, flyers, CD, stamps, book jackets 9
‘Designers should read about everything except design’ Paul Rand
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ONLINE TUTORIAL I felt the soundwaves looked like water droplets. I decided to experiment with a different technique, and make the circles move and spin like soundwaves.
I watched an online tutorial on YouTube.com, on how to create soundwaves using Adobe After Effects.
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FINAL 1 I experimented with the ‘audio waveform’ effect to create the animation below. I think this effect worked well, as it became clear I was visualising sound.
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CRITIQUE COMMENTS • Visually beautiful • If the sound faded in and out intime with the soundwaves, it would make the animation and journey process much more clear • Type could appear showing which road I’m travelling on so journey is more clear
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
I feel my strengths in this project were my technical skills, and using Adobe After Effects.
I did not undertake any research throughout this project. If I had done more research, I feel I could have created a more visually interesting final piece, and perhaps decided on suitable colours for my animation, instead of just black and white.
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LIFE & DEATH
BRIEF The brief to the ‘Life and Death’ project was to visually reinterpret 2 images to appear on the rear panels of lorry doors. • The left side must represent life • The right side must represent death The aim was to visualise a clear and meaningful graphic statement about life and death. I had to use Adobe Illustrator to complete this project.
Initial idea Chatting on the phone. Difference between life and death.
Initial Idea Time
Initial idea ECG Trace
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LECTURE KIRSTEN: 14/10/14
VISUAL CULTURE
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION • Body language • Key aspects - interpersonal skills
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• • • • • • •
Culture Understanding Shared experiences Codes Languages Dynamic history Movement in Visual Arts
AMANDA: 17/10/14
PERSPECTIVE • Think about perspective with lorry could create a visual illusion. • Spiral - most beautiful. common pattern in design. • How can you show life and death in a spiral? • Think about geometry and illusion. • Scale - adjusting the scale can make your work very dramatic • Composition - foreground and background
SYMBOLISM • What could symbolise life and death? • Cultures i.e. totem • Gladiator film - fields of corn • When you breath your last breath you become 21g lighter • Colour: death = grey
SEMIOTICS • Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols • i.e. in Korea, the number 4 means death • In Japan, the colour white means death • Universal codes are in everything we use • Always think about how your idea is commucated to an audience • Can offend other cultures with images - be careful
‘The meaning of everything changes depending who is looking at it’ 17
GABBI: 17/10/14
SEMIOTICS • Signifier: gesture, sign, object • Signified: meaning it conveys • i.e. red rose: signifies love, valentines day, sport (english rugby)
MESSAGE • You don’t need to spell things out to the viewer • You can just suggest and let them figure out the meaning • Target audience is so imporant - always think about culture, language and age
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CONTEXT • Think about context when designing • Politics • Depending what time you’re in can show the difference between life and death
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INITIAL IDEAS After Amanda’s lecture on culture, I decided to look at Ancient Egyptian history. In Ancient Egypt, Isis and Anubis were believed to be the Gods of life and death. Drawing of Isis: Goddess of Life
Drawing of Anubis: God of death
I scanned the images in and edited them on Adobe Illustrator. I placed Egyptian hyroglyphics in the
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background.
TUTORIAL In the tutorial, we discussed my various ideas, and how I could improve on them.
1. PHONE
2. ECG
• Bring design forward • Enlarge and crop • Think of other stupid ways people drive i.e, with knees • Take photos to achieve realistic proportions in the illustration
• Research medical equipment that can signify life and death. • i.e. defibrilators, blood pressure, X-ray, MRI scans, irst aid kit
3. EGYPT
4. TIME
• Could be one head of Isis and Anubis merged • Other myths: hades and persephone, vestal virgins, sirens, seven plagues • Gladiator - thumbs up/ down can mean difference between life and death
• Think of other things that show time i.e. clocks, candles. sundials, egg timers, calenders, hourglass, length of shadows, fire • Wax - voodoo doll with pins in
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ANCIENT EGYPT After my tutorial, I decided to continue with the Ancient Egypt idea. I decided to split Isis and Anubis’ face down the middle in order to show life and death. I drew the images below on Adobe Illustrator.
Drew a stereotypical face
Drew a stereotypical face of
of Isis
Anubis
I merged the two faces together
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DRINKING I changed my ancient egypt idea, as not many people know about the ancient gods, and therefore may not understand my design. My second idea was to draw a girl drinking too much vodka. As the design will be on the back of the van, it will clearly state the message that drink driving kills.
I drew this image using the pen tool on Adobe Illustrator.
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I used the colours red, white and black on the image I drew, as these are typical vodka colours (i.e. Smirnoff). However, I do not think the life and death sides of this image are very clear. Next, I am going to create a half water and vodka bottle to symbolise life and death.
The bottle splits down the middle - water symbolising life and vodka symbolising death. I think this idea is much more appropriate to present for my critique, compared to the Ancient Egyptian one, because the message is more clear - drinking kills!
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TUTORIAL POSITIVE • Good use of negative space. It is nice how the red shirt blends into the red background. Perhaps remove stroke to enhance idea. • Great illustration • Clever idea
TO CHANGE • Water/ Vodka bottle should be bigger so idea is more clear • Crop more - bottle and face are the most important points - don’t need anything else • Remove parts of van - image is strong enough on its own not to need it
STRENGTHS
NEXT TIME
I missed the first week of this project due to illness. However, I have managed to catchup on work and all the lecture notes I missed.
In my next project, I need to do visual research to improve ideas, and make them look more professional.
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THROUGH THE
LETTER BOX
BRIEF BRIEF For this brief, I had to select one of the three newspaper articles provided. • Article 1: Fracking • Article 2: Surveillance • Article 3: Wealth I had to form an opinion on my chosen article, and express my opinion to a chosen target audience.
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS My final piece has to be posted, and fit through a letterbox 250x50mm. I must demonstrate I have in some way used Adobe Illustrator and Indesign.
DEADLINE: 28TH NOVEMBER 2014
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LECTURE GABBI: 27/10/14
STAGES • Create a timeplan - time management is so important • Sumarise articles you read • Include names, dates, figures and quotes
IDEA GENERATION • Encourage wild, risky and exaggerated ideas • Quantity of ideas is important, not quality • It is easier to tame a wild idea than to think of a valid one
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1. 2. 3. 4.
Research Idea Generation Design appilcation/ refinement Production
ANDY: 27/10/14
RESEARCH SOURCES
LIBRARY
Use a wide range of research sources, and consider the pros and cons of each:
Use the library website to search for key words i.e. • Surveillance - surveillance and society - big brother - 1984 George Orwell Remember e-Books cover a wide range of topics
1. Books: indepth but not necessarally up to date 2. Magazines and journals: research based, up to date 3. Newspapers: up to date 4. Videos
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KIRSTEN: 28/10/14
SEMIOTICS Semiotics is the study of the meaning of signs and symbols • Images have strong connotations • An image can become a symbol • The commercial world is filled with symbols • i.e. the ‘X’ has many different meanings There are 3 ways we understand semiotics: 1. The signs 2. The way the signs are organised 3. Context
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SIGNS • Sign: images and text that can be read • Sign systems of culture • i.e. The colour white means life in the west and death in the east There are 2 components to every sign 1. Signifier: object/ thing. Denotation. 2. Signified: meaning/ associated value. Connotation.
ORIGINS OF SEMIOTICS 1. Syntagm: relations of signs. Relationship/ difference of signs that come before/ after other signs 2. Paradigm: relationship of signs that can replace one another
CODES Particular meanings e.g. dress codes - codes of behaviour
• 1857-1913 Ferdinand de Saussure: concerned with language • 1839-1914 Charles S Pierce: American Philosopher • 1957 Roland Barthes: Mythologies • Umberto Eco: ‘signification is made up of 4 elements’ • Stuart Hall: Popular Culture • 1975 Laur Mulvey: film theorist/ writer
• By using codes in images you can attract/ alienate a market Visual language: different cultures attach different language, values and meanings to different things
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ARTICLE 2 POLICE MISUSE OF RIPA LAW THREATENS OUR CIVIL LIBERTIES AND PRESS FREEDOM The article ‘Police misuse of RIPA law’ explains how the police’s misuse of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA) is threatening our civil liberties and press freedom. The Kent police misused RIPA to access the bill and call data of 2 Journalists - David Dillon and Andrew Alderson to investiage the Chris Huhne speeding points scandal.The police defended their actions and ‘proportionate, lawful and necessary.’ The RIPA law is meant to be used in cases of terrorism, organised crime and murder. RIPA’s misuse inhibits journalists on acting on behalf of the public and threatens our civil liberties.
I have chosen to continue with article 2, which explains how police are misusing the RIPA law to hack into journalists phones. I chose to continue with this article because I personally find the idea of constant surveillance creepy and would like to raise awareness on this topic.
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RESEARCH After reading article 2 (about police misuse of RIPA laws) I was shocked at how easy it is for third parties to access phone data. This lead me to research phone apps, and how easily they can access data on your phone.
'THE FACEBOOK MESSENGER BACKLASH: REVIEWERS FLOCK TO RAISE CONCERNS ABOUT ITS PRIVACY CONTROLS' The ‘Facebook Messenger Backlash’article by Victoria Woollaston, discusses the Facebook Messenger App. Users have no choice but to use Facebook Messenger on their phones if they want to access their messages. However, the app has access to: • Texts • USB storage • Pictures • Videos • Microphone • Network Connectivity • Control Vibration This has led users to complain that that the app is a violation of their privacy. The app received 1 star ratings on the play store. It can listen to conversations and turn your camera/ recorder on when not in use. ‘Big Brother!’
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GHCQ VIEWS DATA WITHOUT A WARRANT, GOVERNMENT ADMITS The ‘GHCQ’ article by James Ball, explains that the GHCQ views data without a warrant. The GHCQ can access raw material collected from the NSA and other foreign spy agencies. The information obtained included communications of UK citizens, provided the request does not deliberately break RIPA.
‘Data from any call, internet search, or website you visited over the past 2 years could be stored in GHCQ’s database’
UK citizens could be subject to warrantless monitoring by the GHCQ.
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GHCQ The GHCQ is a British intelligence and security organisation, responsible for providing signals intelligence (SIGNIT) and information assurance to the British government and armed foces.
NSA
The National Security Agency (NSA) is a US intelligence agency, responsible for global monitoring, collection, decoding, translation and analysis of information and data for foreign and counter intelligence purposes (SIGNIT).
EVERYONE IS UNDER SURVEILLANCE NOW, SAYS WHISTLEBLOWER EDWARD SNOWDEN The ‘Everyone is under surveillance now’ article by Associated Press, explains that everyone is under surveillance. People’s privacy is violated without any suspicion of wrongdoing. Surveillance is no longer based on a certain individual suspected of wrong doing. Surveillance now covers: • • • •
INITIAL IDEAS Could design a phone case to raise awareness about surveillance.
Phone Calls Emails Texts Search History
‘What you buy, who your friends are, where you go and who you love.’ The US government has programs in place to spy on ‘nearly everything a typical user does on the internet’.
EDWARD SNOWDEN Edward Snowden is a former NSA contractor, who leaked classified information about the NSA in June 2013.
Quote based on George Orwell’s ‘1984’
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EE, VODAFONE AND THREE GIVE POLICE MOBILE CALL RECORDS AT CLICK OF A MOUSE The article ‘EE, Vodafone and Three give police mobile call reocrds’ by James Ball, explains how the three major UK phone companies give police our call records through automated systems. This information is given automatically through RIPA. O2 is the only major phone network that requires staff to review all police information requests. Mobile operators must store a year of call records of all customers. which police forces and other agencies can access without warrant, through RIPA. NSA and GHCQ have access to our phone information. and now the police do too!
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SURVEILLANCE SOCIETY
The ‘Surveillance Society’ article by David Skenk discusses the constant surveillance in our society today. Governments are increasinly prying into our lives, and corporations seek to learn more about our habits and preferences. Websites ‘silently record every click’, and e-mail services expose our messages to machine analysis. ‘We are, without question, heading into a world in which mostly by our choice- the minute details of our bodies. lives and homes will be routinely tracked and shared...’ Police have surveillance cameras trained on 700,000 commuters passing through Grand central everyday. We are hurtling towards constant electronic scrutiny. We are in a ‘landscape of total surveillance’. ‘What George Orwell did not prophesy in his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four was just how pervasive surveillance would be in free societies’ With more than 4 million CCTV cameras natinowide, Britons should assume their behaviour outside the home in monitored. Citizens have the right to now when and how they are being monitored.
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After researching various newspaper and journal articles, I was surprised how many compared our current society and surveillance to George Orwell’s dystopian novel ‘1984’.
GEORGE ORWELL: 1984
George Orwell’s ‘1984’ is a dystopian novel, published in 1949 The novel is set in London, in the nation of ‘Oceania’. The ruling party watches everyone through tele-screens everywhere they go. Everywhere people look, they see faces of the parties omniscient leader, a figure known as ‘Big Brother’. The party controls everything in Oceania, including the people’s history and language.
IDEA Writing ‘2014’ over ‘1984’ shows how similar Orwell’s dystopian society is compared with todays. I could redesign the book cover of 1984 to shock an audience.
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I found ‘1984’s relevance to surveillance by the government today shocking. Everywhere we go, CCTV cameras are watching us. Even at home, when we search oniine or text our friends and family, it is stored in a database. I may play on Orwell’s ‘1984’ in my final piece, to shock and appall my audience.
DO WE CARE? SPOOKS AND SECRETS: WHAT IS THE PUBLICS RIGHT TO KNOW? The article ‘Spooks and Secrets: What is the publics right to know?’ is a debate between Shami Charkrabarti and Nigel Inkster about the rights and wrongs of secret surveillance. Chakrabarti argues that personal privacy is not the same as guilty secrecy, but essential to ‘dignity, intimacy and trust between people’. The police investigate grieving friends and supporters in investigations just because they can. The new MI5 director general ‘justifies blanket snooping on entire populations and suggests that even scrutinizing and debating his capacity undermines national security’. Monitoring which websites we visit paints an ‘intimate’ picture of our lives shopping, banking, politics, health, faith and sexuality. The government storing the online activity of every user to work out who is suspicious is the equivilant of ‘planting cameras and microphones in every family home lest we become suspects later on’. It is a giant leap from targeting suspects to intrusion into the lives of entire populations. The public and private divide is becoming increasingly unreal, in a world where ‘corporations sell mercenaries, prisons and data to governments in return for global power, influence and wealth.’ If gathering data without legal authority or explicit consent is wrong for search engines and social networks, it’s wrong for the governments of great democracies aswell. ‘The dystopian future of 100 movies beckons and we resist the call’.
SHAMI CHAKRABARTI Human rights lawyer. Director of ‘Liberty’.
NIGEL INKSTER Ex MI6 officer
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‘The dystopian future of 100 movies beckons and we resist the call’ Shami Chakrabarti
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LECTURE KIRSTEN: 04/11/14
ADVERTISING • Sony Bravia Advert by Fallon • Cadbury’s Gorilla Advert by Fallon • Hovis 122 years Advert: plays on hertiage, nostalgia • Advertising changes depending on the time of year i.e. Christmas, Halloween • In the build up to Christmas, companies will play on their heritage • Companies often play on their heritage i.e. packaging has crests, signatures and dates on it
FORMS • Commercial propaganda • False needs • Creativity • Commercial Culture • Public Perceptions • Infomercials
CONTEXTS • • • • •
TV Cinema Billboards Posters Bus Shelters
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MARKETING APPROACHES
SOCIAL GRADES Specific groups are targeted in advertising • A: higher managerial, administrative, professional • B: intermediate managerial, administrative/ professional • C1: supervisory, clerical and junior management • C2: skilled manual • D: semiskillrf and unskilled manual • E: lowest level of subsistence i.e. widows, casual workers, unemployed
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• Manipulate: appeal to audiences emotions • Emotional appeals: feelings • Fear • Stereotypes: myths
CODING SYSTEMS • • • • • •
Light Colour/ monochrome Sound Editing Costume Facial Expressions
ADVERTISING HISTORY • Ancient Egyptian: town criers announce new events • Ancient Greeks and Romans: signboards • Middles Ages: Town criers, Inn signs • 15th Century: advertising bills, posters • C1470: William Caxton - printing press • 1655: first use of word ‘advertisement’ • 18th Century: ornate publishing, newsletters • 19th Century: newspapers, pictorial advertising, display typefaces, buses • 1850’s: golden age of outdoor advertising • 1860’s: colour posters, copy, magazines
KEY COMPANIES & TERMS • ASA: Advertising standards authority (bans adverts) i.e. Calvin Klein Jeans advert banned for looking like a rape scene • Advertising association (pro adverts) • USP: Unique Selling Point
On average we see 3000 adverts a day
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Calvin Klein Jeans Advert banned for looking like a rape scene
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TARGET AUDIENCE
In order to decide on my target audience, I researched an article about smartphone addiction: ‘Addicted to smartphones: the latest Ofcom communications results’. The article showed teenagers and younger generations use their phones the most, so this is the audience I need to make aware that their privacy is no longer safe.
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QUESTIONNAIRE I sent out a questionnaire to 16-21 year olds (my target audience) to see if they knew, or even cared about where their private data was going, and who it was going to.
RESULTS
1. Are you aware that your mobile phone calls and texts are automatically given to the police?
60% aware 40% unaware
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2. Are you concerned by this?
50% not concerned 30% concerned 20% not sure
3. Do you use the Facebook Messenger App?
90% use the facebook messenger app
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4. Are you aware that the Facebook Messenger App has access to the following:
People are mostly aware fb messenger has access to their photos. Only a couple of people are aware facebook messenger has access to USB storage.
Only 10% were aware of all the data fb messenger had access to.
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5. Are you concerned that the Facebook Messenger App has access to the following:
People were mainly concerned FB messenger had access to their text messages
80% were concerned FB messenger had access to their data. 20% weren’t concerned
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6. Are you aware the police/ government have access to the following:
Most people were aware of everything the police/ government has access to.
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7. Are you aware the police/ government have access to the following:
The majority were concerned by access to texts
60% were concerned by some or more. 40% were not concerned at all
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RESULTS The results of the questionnaire were not what I was expecting, as I thought more people would be concerned by the police/ governments access to their private lives. 10% more people were concerned by Facebook Messenger’s access to their photos than the police/ governments access. People were mainly concerned about the access the Facebook Messenger and the police/ government had to their text messages. I may play on text messages in my final piece to try and make more people care about privacy and shock them.
WHEN YOU
TEXT YOUR FRIENDS, YOU'RE ALSO TEXTING THE
POLICE Idea Could design a phonecase to raise awareness about who your texts really go to.
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CRITIQUE COMMENTS • • • •
•
Phone case could: Block camera Block microphone Block signal Possibly include moveable/ adjustable parts to choose what your block Look up materials that block signal
I found the tutorial incredibly useful. It gave my many ideas, such as I could design an iPhone/ phone case that blocks all signal so you can’t be tracked, and so the Facebook Messenger app can’t access your information via the internet.
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RESEARCH HOW TO BLOCK A CELL PHONE GPS SIGNAL WITH FOIL The article ‘how to block a cell phone gps signal’ by Arthus Ramsay explains what materials you need to block a cell phone signal. • Aluminium foil • Copper wire
Idea Could create a phone case out of material that blocks signal - aluminium foil and copper wire Could make detatchable parts that block camera and microphone
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EXPERIMENT After researching how to block a phones GPS signal, I decided to conduct some experiments to see if aluminium foil and copper wire really would disrupt the signal on my phone.
CONSTRAINTS • Experiment completed in same room • Experiment completed within a 2 minute time frame • Same phone used
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Screenshot of phone before experiments started.
There was no change in signal or wifi strength after I placed my phone on aluminium foil and copper wire.
Phone placed on aluminium foil and copper wire.
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2 Wrapped phone 5 times in aluminium foil and placed on copper wire
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I took a screenshot of my phone after it was
Next I wrapped my phone 5 times in
wrapped in aluminium foil and placed on
aluminium foil but did not place it on the
copper wire. There was no service.
copper wire.
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There was 1 bar of signal and 1 bar of wifi.
INITIAL IDEAS After the conducting experiments to test the signal strength on my phone, I realised the signal strength only lowers if the phone is wrapped in aluminium foil. This means that a phone case (only on one half of the phone) would not effect the signal strength. I could, however, design a pocket to put the phone into when you don’t want signal, or a phone case that has a front flap.
Could design a phone
Could design a phone
pocket with a front flap
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LECTURE KIRSTEN: 12/11/14
CREATIVITY Creativity is the ability to create new ideas and approaches
• • • • •
Creativity can be a: Constraint focused experience Process focused experience Product focused experience Transformation based experience Fulfillment based experience
• • • • • •
Cognitive process to creativity: Selecting Relating Combining Evaluating Selectively retaining Communicating
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PACKAGING
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Considerations: Recycled Rubbish Collected Social/ cultural artefacts Historical document Physical Context of use Relationship with packaging Ergonomic Eye appeal vs buy appeal Provides information Communicates immediately Reassures consumer emorable Entice purchase
‘In an average day, you can expect to have contact with 15000 trademarked products’ Kenn Roberts
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PACKAGING • Characters: are often on packaging i.e. Frosties - Tony the Tiger • Signatures: are often on packaging to show trust and responsibility i.e. Kelloggs • People: often appear on packaging to highlight quality i.e. celebrities, farmers on meat • Limited edition packaging i.e. Absolut Unique • Child Safe Packaging: i.e. press down and twist caps • Intelligent packaging: i.e. smart barcodes and stickers tell the consumer the temperature of the food they are buying • Edible packaging: i.e. rice paper
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Absolut Unique Limited Edition Vodka Bottles
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TUTORIAL MATERIAL
BRANDS
Think about what material you want to use: • Stylish and light • Foamy material to protect phone • Perhaps make out of neoprene
Look at clean and simple brands, such as: • Muji • Bam - bamboo clothes. Simple and clean • Pentagram brands
LOGO Design a logo for the phone case. Could call it: • Ban • Block
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TYPOGRAPHY Before deciding on a font for my logo, I researched typography, using the book ‘The fundamentals of typography’ by Gavin Ambrose and Paul Harris.
SERIF
SANS SERIF
Font: Bembo
Font: Helvetica Neue
Serif fonts are those in which the characters contain small strokes at the end of the main vertical or horizontal lines. These strokes help lead the eye across a line of text and facilitate reading. Serif fonts are generally the older, more traditional fonts, although new serif fonts are still produced. 66
Fonts that do not have small serif strokes are called sans serifs. These are ore modern fonts and typically have less stroke variation, a larger x-height, and less stress in rounded strokes.
After researching Serif and Sans Serif fonts, I decided I wanted to use a Sans Serif font for my logo, as this would give it a more modern feel, and appeal to my target audience. Below I researched types of Sans Serif fonts. The categories are based on the ‘Vox Classification System’.
NEO GROTESQUE GEOMETRIC
HUMANISTIC
Neo Grotesque typefaces have broad characters, and possess a ‘g’ with a loop.
Geometric typefaces are based on simple geometric shapes. They are rounded, and distinquishable by their splayed nature. Humanistic typefaces are similar to geometric fonts. Humanistic fonts possess splayed characters, but have a greater stroke weight and contrast than geometric fonts.
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LOGO EXPERIMENTING WITH TYPE After researching typography, I decided I wanted to use a Sans Serif Geometric font for my logo. I downloaded various Sans Serif Geometric typefaces online.
BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK
BLOCK 68
KIRVY BOLD
NEWS GOTHIC MT REGULAR
TEX GYRE ADVENTOR BOLD
PT SANS CAPTION REGULAR
PT SANS CAPTION BOLD
MYANMAR SANGAM MN REGULAR
KRUNGTHEP BOLD
I have decided to use the font PT SANS CAPTION REGULAR for my logo, as it is a simple. geometric Sans Serif font and I think the modern feel would appeal to my target audience.
BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK
ORIYA SANGAM MN REGULAR
ORATOR STD MEDIUM
NOVA REGULAR
NEWS GOTHIC MT REGULAR
MICROSOFT TAI LE REGULAR
MICROSOFT TAI LE BOLD
INAIMATHI REGULAR
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DEVELOPMENT
I started experimenting with the placement of my logo. At first I played around with square shapes, as I thought a square would reinforce the ‘block’ meaning.
BLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCK I started looking at negative space, to see if it would make my logo more dramatic.
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I realised placing my logo in a physical block may confuse my target audience as to what the product does, as the word ‘block’ has multiple meanings.
Next, I replaced the ‘O’ with an on and off button. I thought this would reinforce the message that my product blocks signal.
I played around with negative space, to see if it would make my logo more dramatic.
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MOCK-UP I created a simple mock-up of an iPhone case that would block signal. I constructed it out of aluminium foil and scrap material.
WHY AN IPHONE CASE? According to ComTech, the iPhone 5S and 5C were the topselling phones in the UK in May 2014.
Notes on fabric size
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STEPS: CASE LINING 1. I cut out two pieces of black cotton Size: 9 x 14 cm 2. I pinned and sewed them together, before turning inside out 3. I placed my phone in the case I had created and wrapped it 5 times in aluminium foil
Sewing phone case
STEPS: OUTER CASE 1. I cut out two pieces of black cotton Size: 11 x 16 cm
3. I placed the tin foil and lining inside the outer case
2. I pinned and sewed them together, before turning inside out
4. I hand stitched the lining and outer case together to hide the aluminium foil
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The phone was slightly too big for the case, as I had not taken into account needing to fold the fabric over to sew the lining and outer lining together.
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DOES IT BLOCK SIGNAL?
Signal before
Signal after Signal on my phone did not change after being placed in the case.
The mockup phone case did not block signal. Next, I am going to create an iPhone case with a fold over flap, and see if that blocks signal. 75
MOCK-UP 2 As the previous phone case I created did not block signal. I decided it would be more appropriate to create a phone case with a fold over flap, as this would more likely block the signal on my phone.
STEPS: CASE LINING 1. I cut out two pieces of black cotton Size: 9 x 21 cm 2. I pinned and sewed them together, before turning inside out 3. I placed my phone in the case I had created and wrapped it 5 times in aluminium foil
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DIMENSIONS • Lining: 9 cm x 21 cm • Outer case: 11cm x 21 cm
STEPS: OUTER CASE 1. I cut out two pieces of black cotton Size: 11 x 21 cm 2. I pinned and sewed them together, before turning inside out 3. I placed the tin foil and lining inside the outer case 4. I hand stitched the lining and outer case together to hide the aluminium foil
Step 3 Case before being hand stitched
5. I placed my phone inside the case, and folded the remainder of the case over. I then sewed on poppers so the case shut.
Step 5 Sewing poppers onto phone case
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DOES IT BLOCK SIGNAL?
Signal before
Signal after The phone case did block the signal on my phone.
I did not use copper wire when I created this phone case as it would alter the shape. However, the phone case successfully blocked signal with just aluminium. I also called my phone and it did not ring whilst it was inside the case. I am very pleased the phone case I created successfully blocked signal. 78
RESEARCH After creating a phone case that successfully blocked signal, my next step was to decide where I would place my logo on the phone case. I researched ‘The Golden Section’ and ‘The Fibonacci Sequence’ in ‘The Fundamentals of Typography’ by Gavin Amrbose and Paul Harris.
THE GOLDEN SECTION The golden section forms the basis of paper sizes, and its principles can be used as a means of achieving balanced designs Ratio: 1:1.618
Objects have golden ration proportions in the natural world i.e. the growth of shells
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THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE The fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers. The fibonacci sequence is important becaues of its link to the 1:1.618 ratio (the golden section), The fibonacci sequence are also used as measurements for typeface seizes and text block placements because of their harmonious proportions.
0+1=1 1+1=2 1+2=3 2+3=5 3+5=8 5+8=13 8+13=21 13+21=34 21+34=55 34+55=89 55+89=144 84+144=233...
Golden Ratio used for standard UK paper sizes
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LOGO GOLDEN RATIO I played around with the golden ratio (1:1.168) in order to figure how how to place my logo on the phone case in an aesthetically pleasing way.
10cm
Final phone case measurements: 9 x 16 cm
16cm length
6cm
9cm wide
6cm
16cm length
16cm length
10cm
3.5cm wide
5.5 cm wide 9cm wide 9cm wide
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FINAL PLACEMENT
16cm length
3.5cm wide
5.5 cm wide 9cm wide
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PRINTING LOGO
I needed to print my logo onto fabric, so I talked to various technicians about how I could do this. I spoke to Chloe Atkins in the textile department about using the fabric printer. Apparently I could only print my logo onto polyester fabric, which meant I would have to sew it on to my final piece. If I was making my logo in industry, I would print it directly onto the fabric.
Logo printed onto Polyester Fabric
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MATERIAL I needed to decide what fabric to make my final phone case out of. Below is a list of materials I considered:
1. NEOPRENE
3. FELT
Originally, I was going to make the phone case out of neoprene (a fabric used for laptop and phone cases). However, after making the phone case mockup’s, I realised the phone case would need to fold over to block signal, and neoprene does not bend.
I think felt would be a good material to make my phone case out of, as it is soft and would cushion and protect the phone. It is also easy to fold.
2. COTTON The phone case mockup’s I made were created using cotton fabric. However, although I think cotton would be good for the phone case lining, I do not think it would be good for the outer case as it would not protect the phone.
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I have decided I will use felt for the outer case, and cotton for the case lining.
COLOUR Adding colour to the lining would make my phone case more appealing to my target audience, as a black and white colour scheme could be considered boring. I researched colour theory in the book ‘Colour Management: A comprehensive guide for Graphic Designers’ by John T. Drew and Sarah A. Meyer.
WARM COLOURS
COOL COLOURS
Warm Colours advance in space. They elicit
Cool colours recede in space. They elicit
a psychological response of warmth and
a psychological response of cold and
hardness.
scattered space.
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TARGET AUDIENCE The book ‘Colour Management: A comprehensive guide for Graphic Designers’ by John T. Drew and Sarah A. Meyer explains that: ‘Colour preference is also gender related: boys prefer (in order of preference) blue, red, green, violet, orange, and yellow; girls prefer blue, green, orange, violet, red, yellow and white...’ As the favourite colour for both males and females is blue, I am going to make the lining colour of my phone case blue.
ASSOCIATIONS WITH BLUE Dignity, spaciousness, sobriety, calm, height, lively, pleasing, rich levels, vertical, honesty, strength, relaxed, work, upward, deep, feminine, relaxed, mature, classy, expensive, unique, electric, energetic, vibrant, happy, drama, childhood, love, non violet, quiet, water, sky, ice, calm, security, peace, thought provoking, serenity, empty, sadness, mournful, distant, fearful
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LECTURE KIRSTEN: 18/11/14
PHOTO JOURNALISM • Photo journalism emerged as a distinctive form of photography in the late 1930’s • It is a particular form of journalism that creates images in order to tell a news story
PHOTOS • 1971: Boy fell out of a plan • 1988: two off duty soldiers at an IRA • Eddie Adams: man pointing gun at boys head • Tim Page: Vietnam photographer
FALSE IMAGES • If an image is false, is black and white more believable?
DESIGNERS • Iconic and powerful photos are often reused by designers • Designers re-invert the meaning of photographs
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Tim Page
Eddie Adams
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TUTORIAL • Always think about who you are designing the product for and why you are doing it • Packaging: could be made out of cardboard and see through material • Great logo: idea has really come along • Lining: Don’t use red for the case lining, as black and red may look too ‘sexy’ and not appeal to a male audience
WHO? Phone case designed for 16 to 21 year olds, both male and female.
WHAT? Phone case designed for any phone smaller than 8 x 14 cm (most phones).
WHY? Phone case designed to stop facebook messenger accessing texts, photos, USB storage, camera and voice recorder when the phone is not in use If you’re going somewhere you don’t want anyone to know about, the case can be used to stop GPS tracking.
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FINAL CASE DIMENSIONS • Lining: 9 cm x 23 cm • Outer case: 11cm x 24 cm
STEPS: CASE LINING 1. I cut out two pieces of blue cotton Size: 9 x 23 cm
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2. I pinned and sewed them together
3. I placed my phone inside the blue lining and wrapped it 5 times in aluminium foil
STEPS: OUTER CASE
STEPS: LOGO
1. I cut out two pieces of black felt Size: 11 x 24 cm
1. As my logo was printed onto polyester it frayed easily. This meant I needed to pin the edges down to stop it from falling apart. I used wundaweb (a glue) to do this. I then sewed my logo onto the felt outercase.
2. I pinned and sewed them together, before turning inside out
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STEPS: OUTER CASE
1. I placed the tin foil and lining inside the outer case. I also cut out stiffener and placed this inside to give the phonecase shape.
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2. Next I stitched the lining and outercase together.
3. Finally, I sewed poppers on so the case would fasten.
DOES IT BLOCK SIGNAL?
Signal before
Signal after The phone case completely blocked the signal on my phone.
The phone case I created successfully blocked the signal on my phone. I also called my phone and it did not ring whilst it was inside the case. 93
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LECTURE KIRSTEN: 25/11/14
WHY IS BRANDING BRANDING • Gives a product identity • Visualisation of a companies characteristics • History: we grow up with brands i.e. Tony the Tiger
CONSIDERATIONS • Aspirations of brand: target audience • Employee Motivation • Customer Satisfaction • Increase company visibility • Increase company image and association • Brand Loyalty
IMPORTANT? • • • • • •
Differentiation Competition Reputation Consumer Awareness Personality Individuality
DAMAGED BRANDS If a brand is damaged, it has to change its identity. For example: • Pepsi brand was damaged after featuring Michael Jackson in a campaign
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BRANDING REQUIREMENTS Visibility, application, competition, legal protection, simplicity, attention value, decency, colour, black and white production, timelessness, fashionability, description, graphic excellence, ‘buy me’, film and TV, tone of voice, holding power, likeability
CULTURE JAMMING There is a backlash against branding: • • • •
Adbusters Hacktivists Guerrilla Artists ‘Semiotic Robin Hoodism’
• Anti-branding: exposure/ corruption of facts • Consider the extent to which you engage in a branded culture
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KEY TERMS • Trademark: a sign • Brand Equity: a set of assets linked to a brand’s name • Brand image: how a brand is perceived - quality, loyalty, associations • Brand identity: aspirational. How the brand would like to be perceived.
Adbusters
Adbusters
Calvin Klein: Obsession for Men
Absolut Impotence
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PACKAGING My next stage is to design the packaging the phone case will be posted in.
REQUIREMENTS Must accommodate: • • • •
Address Stamp Postal mark Maxiumum size: 250mm x 50mm
Notes on possible packaging for phone case
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uBear Phone Packaging
Mobilize Phone Packaging
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Feel it Liquid Emotions Packaging
Beautao Botanicals Packaging
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INITIAL IDEAS
Initial Idea
Initial Idea
Could create packaging
Could create packaging
with a detachable top
with a transparent layer so you can see the phone case inside
Initial Idea Could create packaging with a sliding compartment
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NET I decided I was going to create a basic box shape for my packaging, possibly with a transparent front. Below is the net I created. Phone case size:
Net Size:
• Width: 95 mm • Height: 170 mm • Depth: 23 mm
• Width: 105 mm • Height: 180 mm • Depth: 30 mm
30mm
30mm
30mm
180mm
180mm
105mm
30mm
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105mm
RESEARCH I researched hierarchy in order to establish where to place information on my packaging.
HIERARCHY Hierarchy helps the audience read the design, and faciltates the delivery and content of the message. Establishing a hierarchy of elements helps to express the importance of each. Ways of establishing hiearchy: • • • • •
Grouping Colour Commonality Orientation Scale Each design piece should contain a strong focal point to draw the eye of the audience around the design.
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Scale
Colour
Experimenting with scale can introduce a
Colour adds a hierarchical value to a
hierarchy and can control the reader’s flow.
layout, as well as providing contrast to the main text.
Orientation
Commonality
Never assume images and text should be
Shape, scale and alignment lead to
placed straight. Experiment with aligning
harmony within the structure of a layout.
vertically, or placing elements at angles and
By grouping similar elements, through
varying orientations.
colour and commonality, content can be organised clearly.
Grouping The thoughtful grouping of elements together in a layout will aid expression and give importance to certain elements.
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HIERARCHY I considered hierarchy in the packaging design below. I ensured the logo (on the back and front of the packaging) was the focal point by adjusting the scale. I placed information about the product on the side of the packaging. However, the text is rather small, which does not encourage a viewer to read it.
Transparent Material
Privacy is no longer safe. All the data on your phone can be accessed by the police or government. ‘Block’ is a phone case designed to disable the gps signal on your phone.
iPhone 5 Protective Case
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________
iPhone 5 Protective Case
It won’t be necessary to create transparent window on the packaging, as the phone case has a simple design, and I can hint at the colours used through the packaging. 105
For the design below, I created a border in the shape of an iPhone to reinforce the message the product is for iPhones. Again, I ensured the logo (on the back and front of the packaging) was the focal point, by adjusting the scale and placing it in the centre. On the back of the packaging, I ensured the information about the phone case was relatively large, so my audience’s eye would be drawn to it next. The information is much more clear and legible than my previous design.
iPhone 5 Protective Case Disables iPhone Signal
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DEVELOPMENT I used the colours black, white and blue in the design below, as these are the colours of the phone case I created. In addition, according to research, blue is the preferred colour of my target audience. I considered information hierarchy when adding colour to the design below. I ensured my logo was the focal point, by contrasting its white colour against the black background. I also added a blue border to the address label, so when my design is posted, the address will be clear.
iPhone 5 Protective Case Disables iPhone Signal
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I replaced the circle from the previous design with the ‘Block’ logo. I ensured the logo was centred so it was the focal point. I am going to print the design below on to card. I am printing this design because I think the use of information hierarchy and colour is dramatic and will appeal to my target audience.
iPhone 5 Protective Case Disables iPhone Signal
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MAKING STEPS: PACKAGING 1. I printed the net for my packaging onto card.
2. I then used a scalpel to cut the net out accurately.
3. Next, I used boning to fold the net precisely. I then stuck the net together using double sided tape.
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Packaging Flap opens at top
Packaging and Phone Case
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EVALUATION My project aim was to raise awareness about the constant surveillance we are under and protect people’s privacy. I created an iPhone case that blocked signal, to ensure people’s personal information could remain safe and so they could not to be tracked. I have done continuous research throughout this project to aid idea development. My initial research involved exploring the topic of surveillance through newspaper and journal articles. I researched various design theories, including typography, colour theory, the golden ratio and information hierarchy. This research has aided the development of my logo, phone case and packaging. The problems I have solved concerned my target audience, who were young adults aged 16-21. After sending out a questionnaire on surveillance, I realised not as many people as I anticipated were concerned about the police and governments access to their private lives. As my project was based around this concept, I had to present my final piece in a way that was appealing to my target market. I therefore focused on blocking phone signal, as my target audience were mainly concerned about the government’s access to their texts.
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Another problem I encountered was figuring out how to block the signal on iPhones. After undertaking research and conducting various experiments, I was able to successfully block the phone signal. Considering weaknesses of my project, I could have undertaken more visual research, and studied phone cases currently on the market. This could have made my final phone case more visually interesting. In addition, if I had managed my time more efficiently, I would have been able to finish my project sooner and evidence the entire project in my printed book. One of my strengths in this project was experimenting with materials that blocked signal in order to create the phone case. I have also considered tutor feedback in every stage of my design work, to help refine my ideas.
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4
WORKSHOPS
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ILLUSTRATOR WEEK 1 In this workshop. I learned the basics of Adobe Illustrator, including how to set up a document and how to use the pen tool.
EXERCISE The aim of the exercise was to recreate 2 logos using Adobe Illustrator.
Recreated Moto Land Asia Logo
Recreated Fishork Logo
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ILLUSTRATOR WEEK 2 In this workshop, I experimented with varoius 3D tools. as well as shadows. the blend tool and masks.
Extrude and Bevel effect
3D revolve effect applied
applied
LOGOS: BRANDING MYSELF I thought about branding myself. I wanted to create a simple, bold, fun and eye catching logo. The most memorable logos are often the simplest. In order to make my logo simple, I focused on the use of symmetry. 116
Created a subtle shadow using the blend tool
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INDESIGN WEEK 1 In this workshop, we learned the basics of Adobe Indesign.
BASICS: • When setting up a document for print, ensure the bleed is 3mm • Keep an organised file system, as indesign uses links • Make sure to open the necessary tools for your workspace: character, paragraph, character styles, paragraph styles • How to construct a grid
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EXERCISE Start to think about branding yourself. Create a double sided business card with your name, contact details and a logo. Use different weighted and sized fonts to create hierarchy and think about how colour and image will work together on the card. Use what you have learnt in Illustrator and Photoshop to design the card.
ELEANOR RUSSELL-JONES Graphic Design
07540049895 eleanorxrj@yahoo.co.uk
Business card The logo I created last week is on the front of the card. Considered information hierarchy for the back of the card.
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PERFECT BINDING Perfect binding has its advantages and disadvantages, which need to be taken into consideration. You need to check if this binding method is appropriate for the book you are trying to make.
ADVANTAGES • Quick and cheap • Can bind single leaves, or folios
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DISADVANTAGES • Doesn’t lie perfectly flat (may snap the spin) • Better with cheaper, more porous paper • Doesn’t stand up to very heavy use
METHOD • Check Paper Grain (especially important when binding with glue) • Trim paper so that the spin edge is perfectly straight/ flat • Add at least two extra leaves of paper on each side of book block • Place into ‘Binding Press’, spine down • Glue, from both directions • Leave glue to dry whilst in press • Remove from press. discard ‘extra’ pages, cut notches fro thread • Apply thread in loops down spine
SOFT COVER • Glue a paper stripe against pine • Tip in end papers • Leave under weight with 5mm spine protruding
HARD COVER • Glue mull against spine, slightly wider than spine width • Apply a 2nd piece of mull. slightly shorter than spine. same width • Glue a paper strip against pine the exact width of spine • Tip in end papers • Leave under weight with 5mm protruding
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PAPER GRAIN Before beginning book binding, it is essential to ascertain the paper grain of the paper/ board you are using. There are three main ways of ascertaining this.
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FLEXING
TEARING
WETTING
Gently bend the paper over in each direction; the one with the least resistance is the grain.
With a spare sheet of paper, tear in both directions. It will tear in a straighter line in the direction of the grain.
Also with a spare paper, wet the paper along the top of the side edge. It will ripple against the grain, and curl with the grain.
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5
EXHIBITIONS
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V&A VICTORIA AND ALBERT MUSEUM
I went on a trip to London with the University, to see the ‘Disobedient Objects’ exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
DISOBEDIENT OBJECTS The ‘Disobedient Objects’ exhibition examines the powerful role of objects in movements for social change. It demonstrates how politics drives design ingenuity. The exhibition focuses on the period of the late 1970’s onwards. On display are arts of rebellion from around the world.
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Disobedient Objects
Disobedient Objects
Totems of Solidarity
Badges against apartheid
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Victoria and Albert Museum
Victoria and Albert Museum
Sculpture
Sculpture
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WEDDING DRESSES: 1775-2014 The ‘Wedding Dress’ exhibition displayed the most iconic, glamorous and romantic wedding dresses from the last 200 yeras. The exhibition highlights exceptional craftmanship, and brings together couture and designer made wedding garments from key fashion designers, including Vivienne Westwood, Vera Wang and Charles James.
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Victoria and Albert Museum
Victoria and Albert Museum
Wedding Dress Exhibition
Wedding Dress Exhibition
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Victoria and Albert Museum Wedding Dress Exhibition
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SCIENCE MUSEUM 3D PRINTING EXHIBITION The Science Museum, which is renowned for its historic collections. The 3D printing exhibition at the Science Museum shows how innovators can use 3D printers to turn computer data into life changing physical objects. The 3D printing exhibition focused on the future of medicine, shopping and industry. It may be possible to print 3D organ parts in the future.
Science Museum 3D printing
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Absolut Vodka (2012) Absolut Unique (Online Image) Available from: http:// theinspirationroom.com/daily/design/2012/9/absolut_unique_bottles.jpg Adams, E (01/02/1968) Nguyễn Ngọc Loan executing Nguyễn Văn Lém (Online Image) Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Adams_ (photographer)#mediaviewer/File:Nguyen.jpg Adbusters (1996) Absolut Impotence (Online Image) Available from: https://www. adbusters.org/content/absolut-impotence (2011) Calvin Klein: Obsession for Men (Online Image) Available from: https://www.adbusters.org/content/obsession-men-1 Ambrose, G & Aono-Billson, N (20/12/2010) Basics Graphic Design 01: Approach and Language p. 128-129 Ambrose, G & Harris, P (26/09/2011) The Fundamentals of Typography p. 68-69, 102, 107 Associated Press (03/05/14) Everyone is under surveillance now, says whistleblower Edward Snowden (Online Article) Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/ world/2014/may/03/everyone-is-under-surveillance-now-says-whistleblower-edwardsnowden Ball, J (10/10/14) EE, Vodafone and Three give police mobile call records at the click of a mouse (Online Article) Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/ oct/10/automatic-police-access-customers-mobile-phone-records-like-cash-machineripa-three-ee-vodafone (29/10/14) GHCQ views data without a warrant, government admits (Online Article) Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/ oct/29/gchq-nsa-data-surveillance Ballistic (2014) Ballistic Logo (Online Image) Available from: https://www.goballisticcase. com
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Bamboo Clothing (2014) Bamboo Clothing Logo (Online Image) Available from: https:// bambooclothing.co.uk Calvin Klein Jeans (2010) Calvin Klein Jeans Ad Campaign: Starring Lara Stone (Online Image) Available from: http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/10/22/article-13228150BB84386000005DC-441_634x475.jpg Chakrabarti, S & Inkster, N (12/10/13) Spooks and secrets: what is the public’s right to know? (Online Article) Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/ commentisfree/2013/oct/12/observer-surveillance-debate Chchchekit (23/05/2013) Sleek Audio Reaction After Effects Tutorial (Online Video) Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDtMup-5BzU Cuban Council (2006) Facebook Logo (Online Image) Available from: www.facebook. com Cygnett (2014) Cygnett logo (Online Image) Available from: http://uk.cygnett.com Drew, J & Meyer, S (2005) Colour Management A comprehensive guide for graphic designers p197-198, 214 Forkscrew Graphics (2004) Iraq Abu Ghraib Prisoner (Online Image) Available from: http://www.politicalgraphics.org/iraq/ (2004b) Iraq Man with Whip (Online Image) Available from: http://www.politicalgraphics.org/iraq/ (2004c) Man with rocket propelled grenade (Online Image) Available from: http://www.politicalgraphics.org/ iraq/ (2004d) Iraq Man with Rifle Held Aloft (Online Image) Available from: http://www. politicalgraphics.org/iraq/ Greensdale, R (01/10/14) Police Misuse of Ripa Law Threatens our Civil Liberties and Press Freedom (Online Article) Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/media/ greenslade/2014/oct/01/police-press-freedom
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Griffin Technology (2014) Griffin Logo (Online Image) Available from: http:// griffintechnology.com Hype Type Studio & Mash Creative (2014) uBear packaging (Online Image) Available from: http://www.mashcreative.co.uk/project/ubear/ Incipio (2014) Incipio Logo (Online Image) Available from: http://www.incipio.com Miller Creative (2007) Beautao Packaging (Online Image) Available from: http://www. dermapeuticsinc.com/main/beautao.html Muji (2014) Muji Logo (Online Image) Available from: http://www.muji.com.sg Nina99 Design (2005) Feel It Packaging (Online Image) Available from: https://www. flickr.com/photos/nine99design/3306992838/sizes/o/ Page, T (March 1966) A wounded American soldier is brought to the landing zone north or Saigon (Online Image) Available from: http://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/vietnamhad-good-food-and-beautiful-women Proporta (2014) Proporta Logo (Online Image) Available from: http://www.proporta. co.uk QDOS Sound (2014) QDOS Sound logo (Online Image) Available from: http://www. qdossound.com Ramsay, A (n.d.) How to Block a Cell Phone GPS signal with foil (Online Article) Available from: http://www.ehow.com/how_7199953_block-phone-gps-signal-foil.html (Accessed: November 2014) Scosche (2014) Scosche Logo (Online Image) Available from: http://www.scosche.com Sedghi, A (04/08/2011) Addicted to Smartphones: The Latest Ofcom communication results (Online Article) Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/news/ datablog/2011/aug/04/smartphones-usage-ofcom-report
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Siegal, J (01/07/14) Despite iPhone 6 hype, Android continues to dominate iOS Market Share (Online Article) Available from: http://bgr.com/2014/07/01/android-marketshare-2014/ Skenk, D (01/08/06) Surveillance Society (Online Article) Available from: http://embor. embopress.org/content/7/1S/S31 Speck (2014) Speck Logo (Online Image) Available from: http://www.speckproducts. com V&A (03/05/2014) Wedding Dresses 1775-2014 (Online) Available from: http://www.vam. ac.uk/whatson/event/3070/wedding-dresses-17752014-4463/ (26/07/14) Disobedient Objects (Online) Available from: http://www.vam.ac.uk/ content/exhibitions/disobedient-objects/disobedient-objects-about-the-exhibition/ Vandes (05/04/13) Mobilize Packaging Design (Online Image) Available from: http:// www.designcrowd.co.uk/design/1648560 Woollaston, V (14/08/14) The Facebook Messenger Backlash: Reviewers flock to complain as experts raise concerns about its privacy controls (Online Article) Available from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2724728/The-FacebookMessenger-backlash-Reviewers-flock-complain-experts-raise-concerns-privacy-controls. html
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ELEANOR RUSSELL-JONES
BA GRAPHIC DESIGN: LEVEL 4
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