EM October issue 2022

An outlook of the Electrical & Power Industry

EDITOR’S DESK

Editor Ms. Alka Puri Sub Editor

Roopal Chaurasia Monika Chahar Shipranshu Pandey

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Dear Readers,

In the upcoming ten years, India is anticipated to be one of the world's top power growth markets. At the same time, the mix of the world's electricity supply is shifting, largely because of the increase of renewable energy.

Aside from renewable energy, the transition in the Indian electricity sector today also includes near-zero energy and peak deficits, stranded capacity in the coal sector, projected slowdown in demand due to structural factors and energy efficiency, and electrification of new applications like cooking, transportation, and industry. On the policy front, the focus has shifted from merely increasing capacity to minimising deficits, maximising efficiency, developing risk-reward frameworks (reforms of the power industry), and tackling current issues like fuel security and air pollution.

After taking into account scenarios of captive use, electric vehicles, and other growth and development factors directly affecting power, a separate paper on bottom-up modelling of India's electricity demand in 2030 indicates a significant slowdown in electricity demand growth rates compared to the past.

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Editor : Ms. Alka Puri

Following the grand success of LED Expo India, Light + LED Expo India is all set to raise its curtains from 3 – 5 November 2022 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. Deemed to be India’s biggest lighting exhibition, the mega trade event will deliver a strong impetus to local lighting and component manufacturers.

Implementation of road, housing infrastructure, and smart city development plans, coupled with the Indian government’s rally for localisation have created a manifold of opportunities for lighting manufacturers in the country. By capitalising on its manpower and technological strength, the Indian lighting industry can not only meet domestic demands but also emerge as a global leader in lighting technology production.

Strongly aligned with this transformational objective, Messe Frankfurt India and ELCOMA (Electric Lamp and Component Manufacturers Association of India) are geared up for the grand launch edition of Light + LED Expo India on 3 November 2022 in New Delhi.

As India’s most equipped and all-encompassing lighting exhibition, Light + LED Expo India will showcase an endless variety of lighting technology ranging from neoteric smart lighting solutions to LED semiconductor chips and other fine lighting components.

During the three-day fair, over 175 brands, including leading lighting and component manufacturers like Syska LED, iTvis, Utkarsh Pipes, Cygnus Lighting, Crescent Opto, Uniglobus (Polycab), LC Tech, Dominar,, Rabyte, Fulham, Semiconic, Componix, and Juki India will unveil their latest advancements in the presence of architects, interior designers, builders, professionals from construction industry, government agencies, public authorities, ESCOS (Energy Service Companies), as well as distributors and retailers. The event will also attract small and large scale

lighting businesses from across the domestic value chain under one roof.

Highlighting the shifting focus towards localised manufacturing and the launch edition of Light + LED Expo India, Mr Shyam Sujan, Secretary General, ELCOMA, stated: “As far as manufacturing of finished goods is concerned, the entire base has shifted from assembling of lighting to the manufacturing of end products. It is now desired to revive the manufacturing of maximum components and finished products in India.

Since the Government’s push for ‘Aatmanirbhar’ with the issuance of PLI Schemes by DPIIT (LED light components) and MEITY (Semiconductors), it is expected that in the next four to five years, India will witness the creation of an ecosystem of component manufacturing thus reducing the dependency on imports. This sets up the context for organising Light + LED Expo 2022 where the industry shall witness a fabulous display of component manufacturing and finished LED light products. The exhibition is also expected to showcase a fascinating display of IoT enabled lighting & digital LED Technology which has a promise of excellent futuristic lighting applications in India.”

According to ELCOMA Vision 2024 report, IoT LED Lighting technology will be the future of lighting in India and on a global scale, it will grow at a CAGR of 19%.

Mr Raj Manek, Executive Director and Board Member, Messe Frankfurt Asia Holding Ltd, underlined the significance of the exhibition: “Light + LED Expo India will induce business

Light + LED Expo India mega launch edition to beacon India’s growing technological excellence in the lighting sector

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interactions of an unprecedented scale. It will provide a perfect platform for local lighting manufacturers to showcase their extensive technological capabilities before local and global industry players. We are confident that it will have a burgeoning impact in the progress of India’s domestic lighting sector.”

“Building a localised supply chain is the ultimate pathway to India’s ascent as a global lighting technology hub and through our mega trade fair launch we strongly aim to support the lighting industry in this pursuit,” Mr Manek further remarked.

LED lights and the invention of smart and energy-efficient

lighting systems as a whole have become an integral part of modern infrastructure, majorly contributing to industry demand. However, the dearth of domestic semiconductor manufacturers has continued to be a major drawback to the massive growth potential of the Indian lighting sector. With a PLI scheme of INR 76,000 Crore, the Indian government is currently working towards the development of semiconductors fab units and upscaling domestic production capacity within India.

Poised to be the most anticipated lighting exhibition in India, Light + LED Expo India 2022 will highlight India’s potential to become the world’s most lucrative lighting market.

PXIL introduces ‘Any-Day SingleSided Reverse Auction Contract’

PXIL introduced the ‘Any-Day Single Sided Reverse Auction Contract’ today. This contract enables Buyers to procure power through a reverse auction process to meet their power requirement for period up to 90 days ahead. The introduction of this Reverse Auction based Contract is in line with the approval granted by Hon’ble Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) vide Order in Petition no 229/MP/2021 dated 07.06.2022.

In this Contract, a Buyer can initiate a Reverse Auction event by prescribing requirements in terms of quantum (in MW), minimum quantum from any Seller (in MW), delivery duration (‘T+2’ to ‘T+90’) and date of reverse auction event.

The Reverse Auction happens in two stages, i.e., Initial Price Offering (IPO) and Reverse Auction (RA). Interested Sellers can submit their Offers specifying quantum (in MW) and price (in Rs. /MWh) in the IPO stage. Later in the Reverse Auction stage, the qualified Sellers may improve their Offers within defined period of two-hour session.

On completion of Reverse Auction, the Offers would be

ranked from ‘lowest-to-highest’ price till the buyer’s requisitioned quantum is fulfilled. Buyer then has a right to accept or reject the ranked Offers. On receipt of acceptance from the Buyer, the Exchange will submit application for scheduling delivery of power.

Commenting on the development, Mr. Prabhajit Kumar Sarkar, MD & CEO, Power Exchange India Limited (PXIL) said, “The introduction of ‘Any-Day Single Sided Reverse Auction Contract’ marks a new chapter in the Power exchange based transaction in the country as it allows greater planning, effectiveness, and transparency in power transactions. With commencement of 90-day contracts, power will be traded for a longer duration allowing Discoms to meet their power requirement in transparent and cost-effective way.”

The ‘Any-Day Single Sided Reverse Auction Contract’ introduced from today, enables participants to transact in Conventional power and in different types of Renewable energy i.e., Solar, Wind, Hydro, and other Renewable sources enabling Buyers to meet their Renewable Purchase Obligations as well. EM

CHINT India opens its First Exclusive showroom in Uttarakhand

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Backed by good sales volume and increasing interest in its products & solutions, CHINT India leading global provider of smart energy solutions, opens its first exclusive retail shop at Rudrapur in Uttarakhand. The retail hub will be showcasing CHINT’s entire range of low voltage products & solutions.

On the occasion of opening of the first ever dedicated retail shop of CHINT India, Mr. Nitheen Nataraja, Director Sales and Marketing said, “It is a very proud moment for the entire CHINT India family to open our very first physical store in Uttarakhand India. We were always present through our dedicated dealers’ network, but opening of the exclusive showroom for CHINT products shows our commitment to serve the customers here and our intention to have firm footsteps in this market. We are committed to bring our world class products to people and many such showrooms will be opened in the coming months.”

The momentous occasion in Rudrapur is graced by Shri. Shiv Arora Ji - MLA, Rudrapur and Shri. Rampal Singh Ji - Mayor, Rudrapur.

Shri. Shiv Arora, MLA Rudrapur, inaugurated the showroom and said, “The decision by CHINT to open its first exclusive

store in Rudrapur shows that people here are receptive of quality products that are efficient, reliable, intelligent electrical products with best-in-class energy-saving technology. We welcome more such enterprises that are green and has sustainable value propositions.”

CHINT India has been successfully operating in India more than last 10 years across segments like telecom, photovoltaic equipment, energy storage, power transmission & distribution, low-voltage apparatuses, and control automation. In Rudrapur, CHINT India is associated with its business partner M/s. Arora Electricals.

Shri. Pulkit Arora – Distributor, Arora Electricals said, “We are happy that CHINT has chosen to work with us and open its first showroom with our partnership. Uttarakhand is an eco-friendly state and thus the green-products of CHINT have a lot of demand in the state. It will surely post great business results.”

Power Finance Corporation

Power Finance Corporation Limited has successfully resolved the country’s largest stressed asset in the power transmission sector of South East U. P. Power Transmission Company Limited. The project, comprising about 1500 km of 765 kV & 400 kV transmission lines and 5 sub-stations in Uttar Pradesh, will significantly benefit the consumers of Uttar Pradesh. PFC was the Lead Financial Institution for the project, with REC and Bank of India as co-lenders in the consortium. This is a landmark resolution through the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) under the IBC (2016), which has resulted in lenders recovering in excess of 100% of the principal amount.

The project was originally allocated by Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Company Limited on BOOT basis to Isolux Corsan Concessions SA of Spain in 2011. Through the CIRP mechanism under IBC (2016), the project has now been acquired by Resurgent Power Ventures Pte. Ltd., which is co-sponsored by India’s Tata Power and ICICI Ventures, with reputed sovereign wealth funds as other major shareholders.

The transaction involves a one-time upfront settlement amount of Rs.3,251 Crs along with pay out of part of the existing cash balance in line with the Resolution Plan.

The project was handed over to Resurgent Power Ventures Pte. Ltd. after receipt of the upfront payment on 16.09.2022. The implementation documents were signed in the presence of Sh. Ravinder Singh Dhillon, CMD (PFC), Smt. Parminder Chopra, Sh. Rajiv Ranjan Jha and Sh. Manoj Sharma, Directors of PFC, Sh. Ajay Chaudhary and Sh. V. K. Singh, Directors of REC and senior officials of Tata Power and Resurgent Power Ventures. Sh. Shailesh Verma acted as the Resolution Professional/ Managing Agent and was assisted by Deloitte India Insolvency Professionals LLP in successfully completing the transaction.

PFC is India’s leading power sector financer with a consolidated loan book of about Rs.7.58 lakh crore and is focusing on areas like renewables, refinancing, private transmission projects among others, including non-power sector related infrastructure projects, for business growth. EM

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International technology group ANDRITZ received an order from Greenko MP01 IREP Private Limited, for the electrommechanical works of the Gandhisagar Pumped Storage project (1440 MW) located in Kheemla block village in Neemuch district in Madhya Pradesh, India. The project envisages utilizing existing Gandhi Sagar reservoir as lower reservoir and construction of an upper reservoir.

Greenko, one of India’s leading Renewable Energy companies is committed towards transforming renewable energy from real-time energy to a dispatchable and controlled medium, through digitization and storage solutions to support the economy-wide shift towards a carbon-neutral electricity mix in India.

The contract includes design, manufacture, supply,

transportation, erection, testing, and commissioning of five 240-MW units, two 120-MW reversible pump units, main inlet valves, and associated auxiliaries.

The works will be undertaken by ANDRITZ’s multiple locations led by its Indian subsidiary with state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities in India. Greenko has again reposed faith in ANDRITZ due to its execution excellence with the second contract after having awarded Pinnapuram PSP earlier in 2020.

This order not only confirms once again ANDRITZ’s strong position in the Indian hydro market, but also for pumped storage technology, which plays an important role in providing grid stability to cope with volatile solar and wind power supplies. EM

ANDRITZ

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IEEMA Appoints Rohit Pathak as the New President for 2022-23

The Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers' Association (IEEMA), the apex association of the Indian electrical equipment manufacturing industry today announced the appointment of Mr. Rohit Pathak as its new President for the year 2022-23. Mr. Pathak, CEO of Birla Copper (Hindalco Industries Limited), took over the reins from Mr. Vipul Ray at the 75th Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the association today. In addition to this, the association also announced the appointment of office bearer Mr. Hamza Arsiwala, Managing Director at STELMEC Ltd. and Mr Sunil Singhvi, CEO Energy SBU, Secure Meters as Vice President for the year 2022-23.

Mr. Pathak has been with the Aditya Birla Group (ABG) for over a decade. He is currently serving as CEO of Birla Copper, the leading Copper player in India. Rohit had joined ABG in 2011 as the Principal EA to the Group Chairman, Mr Kumar Mangalam Birla, and then went on to head Aditya Birla Insulators as its CEO. Prior to joining ABG, Rohit was with McKinsey & Company for a decade, where he co-led the Automotive, Basic Materials and Procurement practices of the firm.

Mr. Rohit Pathak, President of IEEMA, said, “Our focus for the year would be on four areas. Firstly, to help the Association and Members explore and pursue emerging growth areas (e-Mobility, Renewables, Exports to EU/US as they look for China+1 sources). Secondly, driving Public Policy efforts to address pain areas of the members and to shape IEEMA strategy for the new opportunities, positioning IEEMA as a

thought leader. Thirdly, work with colleagues to strengthen membership engagement & regional connect, and drive key priorities such as ‘Women in Power’ and ‘Young@IEEMA’. And lastly, work to drive capability building of the IEEMA Operations Team and strengthen the processes & systems, as the IOT steers the Association into the Green, Digital Era.”

Agreeing the same Mr Hamza Arsiwala, Vice President, IEEMA, said, “Even as we continue to support on some of our existing challenges, we will bring greater emphasis this year to showcase these emerging opportunities and bring together all stakeholders, start-ups, financial investors, and the government) to revive & accelerate the growth for the industry.”

Mr Sunil Singhvi, Vice President, IEEMA outlined the priorities for the year, “Our foremost priority is to encourage the industry to become export competitive and growth oriented. We will further enhance our relationship with the government and its agencies, on issues of concern and challenges faced by the industry, and undertake activities which will help in capacity building of our members.

Speaking on the occasion, Ms. Charu Mathur, Director General of IEEMA, said, "We are pleased to have Mr. Rohit Pathak as the new President, and Mr. Hamza Arsiwala and Mr. Sunil Singhvi as Vice Presidents. Their extensive professional experience and vast knowledge of the industry will add immense value to the association and guide the association to achieve its strategic goals." EM

IEEMA Organizes Northern Region Member’s meet and Curtain Raiser for the 15th edition of ELECRAMA Road Show

• Aims to secure $6 billion worth of business queries from ELECRAMA 2023

• Display of entire spectrum of products, solutions and technologies in electrical and allied equipment area

• New markets with exhibitors and visitors from over 70 countries

• International pavilions from Canada, France, Germany, Romania, Taiwan, UK

• With inclusion of the clean energy initiatives the overall lifestyle will evolve and be uplifted

The Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers' Association (IEEMA), the apex association of the Indian electrical equipment manufacturing industry today hosted an interactive session with members which also acted as a curtain raiser for the 15th edition of ELECRAMA.

ELECRAMA, the largest stand-alone showcase of the Indian Electrical and Allied Electronics Industry by IEEMA is slated to commence from February 18th to 22nd, 2023 at India Expo Mart, Greater Noida. IEEMA and its members will work together with the Government of India to achieve a 100-year

partnership of electrifying, digitalizing, and greening India. The theme of ELECRAMA 2023 is “ReImagine Energy - For Sustainable Future” and will be heavily based in showcasing innovation and future technologies in many areas including Storage, Green Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, AI, and IoT. This edition will also focus on sustainability through Energy Conservation, Carbon Net Zero, and Smart Consumption.

Mr Vinamra Agarwal, Chairman, IEEMA Northern Region cited, “The energy transition currently underway is propelling electricity as a dominant form of energy so much so that very shortly energy will be synonymous with electricity. There is a huge business potential riding on the increasing relevance of EVs, Charging Infra, RE and Green Hydrogen, and Energy Storage. The transition of the transportation sector from the fossil fuel-driven sector to the clean energy-driven sector would be a key to the energy goals of the country. The upcoming 15th edition of ELECRAMA 2023 will mainly focus on such opportunities and position India as the fulcrum of futuristic technologies and solutions required for achieving sustainable growth.”

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On the occasion, Mr Jitendra K Agarwal, Chairman, ELECRAMA stated, “The 15th edition of ELECRAMA will focus mainly on displaying innovation and future technologies in a variety of fields. For the industry's growth and success, certain areas present unlimited business opportunities in the future including start-ups and new businesses where massive capital investments are being made i.e. Railways, Metro, Airport, Defense, Smart Cities, Buildings, and the EV ecosystem; small, medium, and micro-businesses should be able to participate in the global supply chain as well; to reinforce the core of transmission and distribution, electrical products and equipment must be reliable, high-quality, and safe; this speaks volumes of the scale of the event that it is. Needless to say, this vision will necessitate right skilling through talent up-gradation, which will be ELECRAMA's primary priority. With the beginning of global energy transitions, we envision a bright future for our industry, as electricity will be the prominent type of energy.”

Mr Sunil Singhvi, Vice President, IEEMA said, “We have reworked the themes for the year 2023 focusing on firstly Quality, Reliability, standardization, Sustainability Secondly New opportunities:

New energies & Storage systems and E-Mobility

Thirdly exports incl. creating global foot prints and Lastly Technology and Innovation in new areas”

Ms. Charu Mathur, Director General of IEEMA, commented, one of the primary reason to be here for this curtain raiser is the good membership base in the Northern region comprising of LV, MV T&D equipment like Switchgears Transformers, Panels, Meters to name a few. Some of them are good exporters across the globe. Through ELECRAMA we aim showcase India’s strength to engage more deeply with the rest of the world. We will be focusing on connecting the equipment manufacturers, suppliers, and service providers to the key decision makers and end customers like utilities, EPCs, private power producers and adding our MSME units to global value chains.”

This edition will also host a series of events and exhibitors under the marquee event viz. World Utility Summit, eTechnxt, Change X Change - Reverse Buyers and Sellers Meet, DBSM – Domestic Buyer Seller Meet, and Buildelec. EM

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Hitachi Energy is ahead of schedule with its purpose-driven growth plan

Hitachi announced acquisition of remaining shares from ABB ahead of schedule further supporting Hitachi Energy's 2030 Plan

Hitachi Energy Ltd ("Hitachi Energy") today announced that Hitachi, Ltd. (TSE: 6501, "Hitachi") has signed a share transfer agreement for the remaining 19.9% shares from ABB Ltd (SIX: ABBBN, "ABB"), pursuant to the acquisition agreement signed on December 17, 2018(1). This is in line with the plan and ahead of schedule, and the transfer of shares will be completed by end of December 2022, subject to regulatory approvals.

“We are pleased with the progress of Hitachi Energy and we look forward to supporting the Hitachi Energy 2030 Plan, as announced during Hitachi Investor Day 2022,” said Yoshihiko Kawamura, Executive Vice President and Executive Officer, CFO of Hitachi, Ltd., and the Chair of the Board of Hitachi Energy.

Hitachi Energy is making good progress with its portfolio offering that is strengthening, expanding, and evolving the power system supporting customers and partners across the entire lifecycle to enable a sustainable, flexible and secure energy system. The company is also well-positioned to accelerate the growing electrification of transportation, industry and building sectors with its long-term Hitachi Energy 2030 purpose-driven growth plan.

Executive Officer of Hitachi and CEO of Hitachi Energy.

The good progress of the company is underpinned by the commitment from Hitachi, a diverse and passionate global team of 40,000 Hitachi Energy employees, and the tailwind from the development and deployment of innovative technology for a carbon-neutral vision where electricity will become the backbone of the entire energy system.

Based on the combined knowledge of close to 250 years between Hitachi Energy and Hitachi, the business has also leveraged its energy platform in combination with digital solutions from Hitachi, and launched solutions like Lumada Asset Performance Management and, most recently, Lumada Inspection Insights.

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"Electricity will be the backbone of the entire energy system and the urgency of the energy transition requires us to collaborate and innovate across stakeholders and sectors, and the good news is that we can act now. Hitachi and Hitachi Energy have been generating synergies by combining digital and energy technologies that are contributing to the global energy transition. We will accelerate the drive for synergies, digitalization and service and we will continue to offer deployment of both IT and operational technology (OT) at scale and with speed, as we are advancing a sustainable energy future for all," said Claudio Facchin, Senior Vice President and

Strengthening the power system with High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology for bulk renewable integration and interconnections between countries and continents, as well as the launch of an eco-efficient EconiQ™ portfolio for high-voltage products, transformers, and consulting, all initiatives that have contributed to the purpose-driven growth: advancing a sustainable energy future for all. In addition, we are expanding with digital solutions and services that are enabling carbon reductions. And we are evolving the power system through partnerships and new business models, as an integral part of the Hitachi Energy 2030 Plan.

The solid commitment from Hitachi to the announced acquisition of the remaining shares of Hitachi Energy ahead of plan will help accelerating synergies and implementation

of the 2030 Plan enabling our agile and committed team to support customers and partners addressing the global challenge of the energy transition EM

NTPC and GE Gas Power Sign MoU for demonstrating Hydrogen co-firing in Gas Turbines to FurtherDecarbonize Power Generation

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In its efforts to adopt advanced powering technology to decarbonize power generation in India, NTPC Ltd., the country’s largest power generating utility, and GE Gas Power signed today a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for feasibility to demonstrate of hydrogen (H2) co-firing blended with natural gas in GE’s 9E gas turbines installed at NTPC’s Kawas combined-cycle gas power plant in Gujarat. Under this significant collaboration, the two companies will jointly explore the pathways to reduce CO2 emissions from Kawas gas power plant and further implementation at scale across NTPC’s installed units in India.

NTPC’s Kawas gas power plant is powered by four GE 9E gas turbines operating in a combined-cycle mode and has an installed capacity of 645 megawatt (MW). Further, GE’s advance E- Class gas turbine portfolio currently has the capability to burn up to 100% by volume of hydrogen when blended with natural gas. This capability varies depending on the type of combustion system used. For fuels with over 5% hydrogen by volume, gas turbine accessories need to be evaluated and possibly modified to reliably deliver the fuel to the combustors.

In this first-of-its-kind MoU with NTPC in India, GE Gas Power will evaluate the possible modifications in the gas turbine unit and auxiliaries required for blending of H2 with natural gas. Thereafter, a pilot project for 5% Co-firing of hydrogen may be implemented at the Kawas gas power plant in a safe environment based on the feasibility report.

NTPC shall provide H2 required for the project.

“NTPC, with a large fleet of power generation facilities delivering more than 70 GW across India, has been at the forefront when it comes to piloting new hydrogen-related initiatives. NTPC is committed to playing a key role in India’s energy transition journey as the country marches ahead to achieve net-zero target and climate goals. In parallel, it’s crucial to invest and effectively utilize the proven technology that can generate electricity, which is affordable, accessible and reliable. This MoU is among the steps we are taking in the direction to meet the objectives under the National Hydrogen Mission. As our collaboration with GE grows deeper, we are more focused to use advanced technology and leverage our gas power assets with higher percentage of zero-carbon fuels such as H2, as the availability of the fuel becomes viable.” said, Shri Ujjwal Kanti Bhattacharya, Director (Projects), NTPC Ltd.

“India’s power landscape is strengthened by the emerging technologies that are at various stages of development and industrial competitiveness. Hydrogen has a significant potential to play a complementary role along with other low-to-zero carbon fuels in generating electricity at scale. We applaud NTPC’s leadership, commitment and investment in hydrogen that can further set new industry benchmarks in terms of discovering low-cost hydrogen industry going forward and achieving energy self-reliance.” said Shri Deepesh Nanda, CEO, GE Gas Power South Asia. EM

•In a first-of-its-kind MoU with NTPC in India, GE Gas Power and NTPC will collaborate for feasibility to reduce carbon intensity at NTPC’s Kawas gas power plant in Gujarat

•The 645 megawatt (MW) gas power plant is powered by four GE 9E gas turbines

•NTPC and GE to explore hydrogen co-firing blended with natural gas in GE’s 9E gas turbine installed at the power plant

grid A vITAL COMPONENT OF THE SMART GRID IS THE SMART METER

Energy today is much more than a mere natural resource; it is considered as a geopolitical, economic and strategic resource. The world is also waking up to the realization that uncontrolled energy consumption can have adverse effects on the environment. With this as the backdrop, companies operating in the Energy and Utilities sector are facing serious challenges in trying to keep pace with the complexities and the challenges in the business of Energy and Utilities.

According to Everest Research, utilities companies are under pressure trying to deal with increased regulatory systems, intensifying competition, and informed and demanding consumers. In addition, the industry needs to respond to the challenges of aging infrastructures and new technology. A combination of these factors has led to the development of a new distribution model, the smart grid (with the smart grid technology at the core) that allows generators, suppliers and consumers to be integrated by intelligent control, monitoring and communication of

energy consumption.

A vital component of the smart grid is the smart meter – an energy meter that records the consumption of electrostatic potential energy in intervals of an hour or minutes and communicates this data to the utilities player for billing purposes. It enables a two-way communication between the meter and the central system.

Unlike home energy monitors, smart meters can collect information for remote reporting. This Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI) makes smart metering different from the traditional Automatic Meter Reading (AMR). These smart meters, with In-Home Displays (IHDs) will allow consumers to see and adjust in real time how much energy they are using. The rollout of smart meters began in early 2000 but took on significance in 2009, when the United Kingdom's Department of Energy and Climate Change announced its objective to install smart meters in all homes by 2020.

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Switching to Smart Meters

The deployment of smart meters is fast gaining popularity world-wide. Pike Research reports that the global full year shipment of smart meters was 73 million in 2011. China has seen a massive deployment of smart meters and has in fact, driven as much as 71 percent of this annual volume. Significant expansion was witnessed in the United States Consumers Energy announced that it would use Smart Synch's communications network technology for the 1.8 million smart meters that will be starting in August 2012. In Canada, Hydro-Quebec chose Landis+Gyr to supply most of its planned 3.75 million smart meters, while BC Hydro selected Itron to provide 1.8 million Open Way meters over the next two years.

The U.K. Parliament declared that between 2014 and 2019, Britain would roll out more than 50 million new smart meters to 30 million homes and businesses in the country. More than eight million smart meters have been deployed by United States' electric utilities with 60 million expected to be in use by 2020. The shift to using smart meters is expected to revolutionize relationships between energy suppliers and their consumers.

It is important to gauge the pros and cons of implementing smart meters.

The main advantages of using smart meters are:

• Control over consumption and cost: Smart metering will provide customers and businesses real-time information on usage. It will show the exact usage of each appliance and will also help budget the energy bill.

• Accurate billing: Smart meters will ensure transparency for consumers to control their energy consumption: The era of estimated reads will be done away with, reducing the burden on meter operators collecting meter readings manually.

• Innovative pricing models: Over time, smart meters will help define energy consumption patterns that will enable the industry to develop multiple tariff offers (as in the mobile phone market). This will give consumers the choice of selecting a provider best suited to their individual needs. With accurate information, suppliers

can work with generators and infrastructure providers to create a stable balance between energy demands and supply ensuring a sustainable environment in the longer term.

• Environmental benefits: With advanced control and communications, peak load diminution and the amount of energy supplied will be possible. This will, in turn, reduce unnecessary energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions. Smart metering will also aid in effectively integrating renewable energy sources such as solar panels and windmills.

• Studies conducted by doctors in January 2012 state that there is health hazards that are caused by wireless radiation, especially to those individuals who have metal (prosthetic devices, pacemakers, insulin pumps and so on) in their bodies. However, these studies remain inconclusive.

• Another concern is that the use of smart meters can lead to data misuse, as it discloses the behavior of citizens inside their residences, and this can be exploited by unauthorized users. Hence, there is a need to formulate and implement adequate cyber and privacy regulations.

• There is also one faction of consumers who believe that there could be billing inaccuracies. The accuracy of smart meters is dependent on a Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) chip, interfacing of power lines with meters and the measurements by the Analog Front-End (AFE) team. There is a possibility that billing inaccuracies can take place, if there are problems with the AFE.

Utilities and Outsourcing: Building the Smart Metering Grid Together

The Utilities industry is grappling with operational issues, namely inefficient processes, manual procedures and outdated technology. There is a growing need to reduce operational costs, increase customer retention, optimize load management, enhance meter data management and meet regulatory demands.

Utilities players have had to face increased competition due to the de-regulation of retail utilities markets world-wide and are struggling to maintain their customer base. In addition, customers are more informed and demanding and expect rapid issue- resolution, improved customer

service and accurate billing. It is important that excellent business processes are fused with customer-first Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies such as proactive communications and user-friendly technologies. By partnering with an experience Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) provider like WNS, utilities can realize productivityrelated benefits and reduce their overall cost-to-serve per customer and thereby improve their price competitiveness.

For the utilities sector to remain viable and strong, futureproof business processes are an absolute requirement and this is especially so with respect to the Meter-to-Cash (M2C) process. The Everest Group estimates the potential of M2C BPO to be nearly USD 50 Billion to USD 70 Billion globally, but current penetration remains in the low single digits. The best way to optimize the M2C process is by partnering with an experienced outsourcing player. The M2C process has requirements specific to the utilities industry such as meter data management, smart metering, field services, customer billing, multiple legacy systems and inconsistent meter reads. BPO companies can provide technology platforms that allow for M2C processes to be delivered by utilities companies without any upfront capital expenditure. BPO firms can help standardize processes that result in enhanced performance.

Another essential task for utilities is to streamline their processes in order to support the rapidly increasing smart meter implementation. An experienced BPO service provider can offer pre-implementation services by conducting a feasibility analysis and building an execution roadmap. Implementation services include work order management, device and meter data management, and meter provisioning support. BPO service providers can also offer smart metering analytics support allowing utilities to gain from the data explosion created by the smart meter network.

Managing smart metering services is a challenging and expensive operation but can deliver significant advantages if done effectively. In order to boost business performance, utilities should look at working together with BPO firms like WNS that have domain expertise and gain from their process expertise to overcome challenges.

What Makes a Grid “Smart?”

In short, the digital technology that allows for two-way communication between the utility and its customers, and the sensing along the transmission lines is what makes the grid smart. Like the Internet, the Smart Grid will consist of controls, computers, automation, and new technologies

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and equipment working together, but in this case, these technologies will work with the electrical grid to respond digitally to our quickly changing electric demand.

What does a Smart Grid do?

The Smart Grid represents an unprecedented opportunity to move the energy industry into a new era of reliability, availability, and efficiency that will contribute to our economic and environmental health. During the transition period, it will be critical to carry out testing, technology improvements, consumer education, development of standards and regulations, and information sharing between projects to ensure that the benefits we envision from the Smart Grid become a reality. The benefits associated with the Smart Grid include:

• More efficient transmission of electricity

• Quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances

• Reduced operations and management costs for utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for consumers

• Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates

• Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems

• Better integration of customer-owner power generation

systems, including renewable energy systems

• Improved security

An electricity disruption such as a blackout can have a domino effect—a series of failures that can affect banking, communications, traffic, and security. This is a particular threat in the winter, when homeowners can be left without heat. A smarter grid will add resiliency to our electric power System and make it better prepared to address emergencies such as severe storms, earthquakes, large solar flares, and terrorist attacks. Because of its two-way interactive capacity, the Smart Grid will allow for automatic rerouting when equipment fails or outages occur. This will minimize outages and minimize the effects when they do happen. When a power outage occurs, Smart Grid technologies will detect and isolate the outages, containing them before they become large-scale blackouts. The new technologies will also help ensure that electricity recovery resumes quickly and strategically after an emergency—routing electricity to emergency services first, for example. In addition, the Smart Grid will take greater advantage of customer-owned power generators to produce power when it is not available from utilities. By combining these "distributed generation" resources, a community could keep its health center, police department, traffic lights, phone System, and grocery store operating during emergencies. In addition, the Smart Grid is a way to address an aging energy infrastructure that needs

to be upgraded or replaced. It’s a way to address energy efficiency, to bring increased awareness to consumers about the connection between electricity use and the environment. And it’s a way to bring increased national security to our energy System—drawing on greater amounts of home-grown electricity that is more resistant to natural disasters and attack.

Giving Consumers Control

The Smart Grid is not just about utilities and technologies; it is about giving you the information and tools you need to make choices about your energy use. If you already manage activities such as personal banking from your home computer, imagine managing your electricity in a similar way. A smarter grid will enable an unprecedented level of consumer participation. For example, you will no longer have to wait for your monthly statement to know how much electricity you use. With a smarter grid, you can have a clear and timely picture of it. "Smart meters," and other mechanisms, will allow you to see how much electricity you use, when you use it, and its cost. Combined with real-time pricing, this will allow you to save money by using less power when electricity is most expensive. While the potential benefits of the Smart Grid are usually discussed in terms of economics, national security, and renewable energy goals, the Smart Grid has the potential to help you save money by helping you to manage your electricity use and choose the best times to purchase electricity. And you can save even more by generating your own power.

Building and Testing the Smart Grid

The Smart Grid will consist of millions of pieces and parts— controls, computers, power lines, and new technologies and equipment. It will take some time for all the technologies to be perfected, equipment installed, and systems tested before it comes fully on line. And it won’t happen all at once—the Smart Grid is evolving, piece by piece, over the next decade or so. Once mature, the Smart Grid will likely bring the same kind of transformation that the Internet has already brought to the way we live, work, play, and learn.

What are smart meters?

Smart meters, a common form of smart grid technology, are digital meters that replace the old analog meters used in homes to record electrical usage. Digital meters can transmit energy consumption information back to the utility

on a much more frequent schedule than analog meters, which require a meter reader to transmit information.

Electric energy use will be recorded every hour or less at your home. Smart meters will enable you to monitor your consumption more precisely so you can make more informed energy choices. Depending on the feature set, the meter may also notify the utility of a power outage or allow the utility to remotely switch electricity service on or off.

How do I know if I have a smart meter?

If your electricity meter has been replaced since January 2009 with a digital meter, it is likely a smart meter. Smart meters have a white face, with an LCD display, short for liquid crystal display, which is similar to the display used in digital watches and many portable computers and televisions. If you still have a meter reader visiting your house to take regular readings then you don’t yet have a smart meter. Another way is to check is that sometimes, depending on your utility, your monthly utility bill will have a statement in the "Notes" section indicating that your home is equipped with a smart meter.

Who has the control over my energy consumption with smart meters? Advanced metering gives you more control. Participating in residential energy management and other energy efficiency programs is completely optional. Customers who participate can use the information they receive to manage their energy usage day by day. Or, they can set preferences and let the system automatically make adjustments based on the cost or availability of energy. Either way, the customer is in complete control and will have the option to override signals or not participate in energyefficiency programs at all. No. Actually, you control your usage, not the utility. Advanced metering gives you more control. Participating in residential energy management and other energy efficiency programs is completely optional. Customers who participate can use the information they receive to manage their energy usage day by day. Or, they can set preferences (select a maximum temperature for air conditioning, for instance) and let the system automatically make adjustments based on the cost or availability of energy. Either way, the customer is in complete control and will have the option to override signals or not participate in energy-efficiency programs at all.

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The smart meter takes frequent readings of your energy usage, but it only measures the electricity used in your household, it does not control it. If you have opted in to a program such as a Peak Rewards program, you’re smart meter will not change how this program operates. The utility will continue to cycle air conditioner compressors and hot water heaters on and off as needed during peak usage times, the same as when you first signed on to this program. In the future, the smart meters will enable utilities to remotely turn service on and off at customer premises. This feature will be used when customers move out of their current homes and start service elsewhere. This cost effective feature eliminates the need for a utility field visit when customers move or start service. The remote connect feature will also enable the utility to place customers back into service more expeditiously.

Smart Meters and a wiser Grid

The standard electrical grid could be an assortment of transmission lines, substations, transformers, and additional that delivers electricity from the facility plant to your home or business. A wise Grid includes digital technology that permits for two-way communication between the utility and its customers, and also the sensing on the transmission lines.

A smart meter, within the context of a wise Grid, is your home's association between your electricity desires and also the remainder of the grid.

So, what is the distinction between an everyday digital meter and a wise meter, and the way will a wise meter save energy? In a very word: Interactivity.

A traditional electrical meter measures the overall consumption of electricity in your home. Sensible meters will communicate with in-home displays to allow you to shrewdness a lot of energy you are victimization, and even tell you the time of day the energy was used. You’ll be able to use this kind of data to watch usage throughout peak versus off-season hours and, as a result, manage your energy potency and prices. Additionally, this energy data returning to and from your home through your sensible meter are often run through a home energy management system, which can enable you to look at it in Associate in nursing easy-to-understand format on your pc or hand-held device.

All of this starts to sound like Associate in nursing episode of The Jetsons, however it's extremely simply an excellent concept that is commencing to become a reality. If you do not have a wise meter, do not worry—your utility can give it as a part of your service, and you definitely will not get one if a wise Grid is not offered in your space.

If you are as interested in sensible stuff as i'm, consider SmartGrid.gov—this website is packed with easy-to-absorb data. The sensible Grid data Clearinghouse is additionally an honest supply of data, together with a map of comes within and many of consumer-oriented publications.

While you are anticipating this fascinating technology to return to your neighborhood, there are many ways in which to chop your bill by following Energy Savers tips:

• Lighting

• Appliances

•

Home office and residential physics

• Heating and cooling

• Insulation and protection air leaks

Role of Smart Meters in Smart Grid

The Government of India’s initiatives like ‘Make in India’ and ‘Smart Cities’ would like the economical, reliable and continuous power offer. India’s power sector within the gift day is facing a great deal of issues like AT & C losses, inefficient distribution and transmission thanks to age previous infrastructure and power thieving. The advanced energy management and accrued use of renewable energy resources are the foremost areas to concentrate by governments for the event of country. The govt. cannot take initiatives for complete modification of electrical instrumentation across the country however there's a desire for ever-changing the manner of operation and management of the electrical instrumentation. For this Ministry of Power has initiated ISGF (Indian sensible Grid Forum) that works terribly closely with public, personal and analysis organizations for developing standards and policies therefore on deploy the ‘Smart Grid’ to assure economical and price effective power for all stakeholders. The sensible meter is incredibly vital constituent for sensible grid and is anticipated to produce cost-efficient, social and ecological benefits for varied stakeholders. the foremost vital key factors that determines the success of the sensible meters is information analysis that deals with information

acquisition, communication, process and elucidation that edges to client, utility company and government.

The idea of sensible grid will increase the potency of power usage by the introduction of bi-directional flow of knowledge from utilities to client and vice-versa. This may be potential by the introduction of ‘Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)’. The information regarding electrical consumption of a client is recorded during a timely manner and this data is mass and analyzed by ‘smart meter’ put in at client premises. The analyzed information is communicated to utilities victimization AMI. The AMI includes the advanced communication system as well as home space networks (HAN), neighborhood space networks (NAN) and wide space networks (WAN). Thus, AMI not solely communicates the sensible meter information to utilities however conjointly transmits data to client from utilities regarding the height demand, value of energy consumption facultative the buyer to shift peak hundreds to another time. Sensible grid victimization sensible metering and AMI technologies establish the wide space watching, protection and management.

Traditional Electricity Meters

In India, largely electricity utilization of a client is recorded by ancient mechanical device meter or associate electronic meter (with digital display). The bills are generated by utility personnel simply by recording usage for a particular amount of your time (monthly or bimonthly). This ancient method has no relation with advanced watching or management. In general, the normal meter has following design as shown within the figure1.

Smart Meters

The sensible meter is future for power trade associated is an interface between client and also the utility company. The sensible meter records the facility usage of client and communicates this information during a timely manner to utility center. For sensible meter, it's terribly essential to gather precise and applicable information during a timely manner which has gathering of information, its communication and storage. The sensible meter permits the bi-directional flow of knowledge, as shown within the figure two, from client to utility and contrariwise.

The systematic analysis from the info no inheritable can cause several prospective selections by utility center that assures the potency and responsibility of sensible grid. This permits the utility center for higher watching and management. The info communication in real time basis permits the utilities with benefits like real time valuation, outage detection and identification of power thieving, avoids meter information change of state and provides higher service. With the info received in timely manner utilities shall have a much better a stronger chance to figure better with accrued stability.

Smart meters will undoubtedly cut the domestic or industrial energy consumption by giving a great deal of helpful data to the buyer; however this data is helpful given that client appearance into it. Sensible meter provides best home energy management solutions for sensible homes victimization wireless technologies like (Zigbee or WiFi). Many sensing element and actuators based mostly appliances are commissioned in sensible buildings to manage the association of electrical load remotely supported the buyer selection or utility selections envisaging the requirement of the sensible meter.

According to reliable industry sources, Power Grid has postponed the tender date by 10 days, as the technology in focus is the latest platform and connectivity solution called Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) that can work with 4G and 5G networks.

The PGCIL first floated a tender for the smart meters based on older and dated second generation (2G) and RF mesh frequency. Later, the PGCIL modified the tender to include NBIoT technology. However, there was another revision in the bid on August 18, where the new and 5G-ready NB-IoT technology was again excluded by the central transmission utility. They said that it is essential that the latest technology be deployed into the power sector in order to ensure longevity of the systems being put into place.

Ignoring the latest technology defeats the very idea of modernization, they added. EM

T HE DEMAND FOR GENSETS IN THE COUNTRy IS EXPECTED TO GROw

Market OverviewMarket Overview

The Indian diesel genset market is estimated to generate $816.0 million revenue in 2021 and grow at a CAGR of 9.4% during 2021–2030. The key factors responsible for the growth of the market include the advance of the manufacturing industry and rising demand for power for construction projects.

The pandemic had a negative impact on the market for DG set in India, owing to the shutting down of manufacturing plants in order to curtail the spread of the disease. Furthermore, the production of diesel gensets was temporarily put on hold, and the demand for diesel gensets in 2020 also decreased due to the lockdown of various commercial establishments, including retail stores, offices, hotels, and airports. The reduction in the demand resulted in a price drop for diesel gensets, which further hampered the market progress.

5 kVA–75 kVA Category and Residential Category Held Largest Shares

The 5 kilovolt-Ampere (kVA)–75 kVA category estimated to hold the largest share in the Indian diesel genset market, both in terms of volume and value, in 2021, under segmentation by power rating. This is attributed to the high-volume demand for these gensets from residential facilities, commercial complexes, small industries, restaurants, and telecom towers. Furthermore, macroeconomic growth in the country and surge in the number of construction and infrastructure projects are expected to result in a high demand for these gensets for meeting prime and auxiliary power requirements.

Moreover, the residential category is estimated to account for the larger share in the market in 2021, based on application. This is mainly ascribed to the rising demand for backup and prime power in residential facilities. Additionally, the growth of this category is complemented by the rapid construction of residential buildings.

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Telecom Towers and Manufacturing Category to Witness Fastest Growth

Telecom towers are expected to be the fastest-growing category in the market for diesel genset, during the forecast period (2022–2030), based on commercial application. This can be ascribed to the recent investments in the telecom sector to improve urban and rural connectivity and meet the requirements of a growing subscriber base. This is driving the installation of telecom towers across India, which, in turn, is resulting in the increasing demand for diesel gensets in the country.

The manufacturing category is expected to be the fastestgrowing category in the market during the forecast period, based on industrial application. This will mainly be due to the high demand for medium- and high-power diesel gensets among small and large manufacturing companies in India. In the near future, fiscal initiatives, coupled with the foreign investments and improvements in the transportation and logistics network, are expected to drive the growth of the Indian manufacturing sector and, in the process, offer impetus to the demand for diesel gensets in the country.

Karnataka to Witness Fastest Growth

Geographically, Karnataka is expected to witness the fastest growth in the Indian diesel genset market during the forecast period. This can be mainly ascribed to the swift development of the commercial infrastructure and rising number of residential facilities. For instance, according to news published in Business Today in December 2020, the Center would undertake infrastructure projects worth $15.68 billion (INR 1.16 lakh crore) in Karnataka in the coming years. Moreover, according to the Economic Times in July 2021, the Karnataka government has decided to construct 900,000 houses over two years under different housing projects in the state.

Implementation of Stringent Regulations to Curb Emissions Is Key Market Trend

On account of the significant outcry over the high pollution level in India, the government has adopted stringent laws

for regulating the emissions caused by equipment and vehicles powered by diesel and other fossil fuels, including gensets. The country proposed the rollout of Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) emission standards, which were implemented nationwide. They are primarily aimed at reducing vehicular pollution, especially from diesel-propelled automobiles. The standards also cover emissions from diesel generators and other internal combustion engines.

Growing Manufacturing Industry and Demand for Power for Construction Projects Are Key Drivers

According to the India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), the foreign direct investment (FDI) in India’s manufacturing industry amounted to $89.2 billion during April 2000–December 2019. India witnessed a major increment in the FDI during this period as a result of the easing of tax laws, provision of incentives, and rapid advancements in infrastructure in the country. Moreover, several mobile phone and automobile manufacturers have either commissioned or are in the process of establishing their manufacturing bases in India. Thus, with the growing manufacturing industry, the diesel genset market of India is expected to advance at a significant rate.

Diesel generators are an indispensable part of the construction industry as they ensure a secure and constant supply of power at construction sites. Moreover, in recent years, India has witnessed strong economic growth, in addition to the initiation of several construction projects, including highways, roads, buildings, ports, and refineries, by both public and private players. Furthermore, the government support for infrastructure projects has amplified in terms of budgetary allocations and regulatory reforms, which are opening new sectors to private involvement and investments.

Strengthening construction sector, booming transportation systems coupled with growing social infrastructure in the country would spur India diesel genset market forecast revenues over the next six years. Diesel gensets have become a major source of power in the construction of modern infrastructure. Further, gensets are also heavily deployed

to provide back-up power across several application areas such as construction, residential and commercial verticals.

India Diesel Genset Market Size is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6% during 2019-25. Diesel gensets with 5 kVA-75 kVA rating accounts for significant India diesel genset market share due to their wide usage across various applications, ease of availability, and low cost. Increasing utilization of lower rating gensets across domains such as telecom infrastructure in unreliable and off-grid areas would help 5 kVA-75 kVA diesel genset market segments to maintain its dominance during the forecast period.

By region, the Southern region accounted for the highest revenue share in the overall market in 2018. The Northern region would however, witness a significant increase in demand for diesel gensets over the coming years on account of upcoming large-scale infrastructure projects such as Delhi Metro expansion and Lucknow Metro.

India Diesel Genset market report thoroughly covers market by kVA ratings, applications and regions. India diesel genset market outlook report provides an unbiased and detailed analysis of the on-going India diesel genset market trends, opportunities/high growth areas and market drivers which would help the stakeholders to devise and

align their market strategies according to the current and future market dynamics.

According to report, “India Diesel Gensets Market By Rating, By End User, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2011 –2021”, the diesel gensets market in India is anticipated to register market revenues of around $2.9 Billion by 2021. Diesel gensets play a crucial role in providing reliable and high-quality power backup during power outages as well as stand-alone power generation systems. Diesel gensets are increasingly being used for meeting power requirements from various end users across industrial, commercial and residential sectors. Broadly, diesel genset finds application as standby power system when prime source of power is unable to meet electricity requirements. Diesel gensets are also used as prime power source as well as for peak shaving purpose.

As per the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), India’s retail sector is anticipated to increase from USD600 billion in 2015 to USD1, 300 billion by 2020, exhibiting a CAGR of 16.72% during 2015 – 2021. While, the FMCG sector of the country is likely to grow at a CAGR of 20.61% during 2016 – 2020, reaching USD103.7 billion by 2020. In 2016, India surpassed the United States to become the second largest smart phone market in the world, with around 220

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million active unique smart phone users registered in 2015. According to the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), the telecom infrastructure has expanded at a CAGR of 20% during 2008 – 2015, reaching 571,000 towers in 2015. On an average, the country’s telecom tower network consumes over 11 billion kWh annually, and this is likely to increase to 17 billion kWh by the end of 2016. Hence, with anticipated high growth in the end user sectors of diesel gensets in India, the demand for diesel gensets in the country is expected to grow at a healthy pace during forecast period.

“Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has mandated telecommunications companies to switch from diesel gensets to renewable sources of power generation, as the total switch-over cost from diesel gensets would save nearly 2 billion litre per year of diesel, amounting to around USD1.19 billion annually. This is expected to curb the carbon footprint in the country over the next few years. In addition, the Department of Telecommunications has mandated many telecom companies to increase the proportion of hybridpowered tower sites to 75% in rural areas and 33% in urban areas by 2020. All these developments are expected

to positively influence the country’s diesel gensets market over the span of next five years.”

“India Diesel Gensets Market by Rating, By End User, Competition Forecast & Opportunities and 2011 – 2021” has evaluated the future growth potential of India diesel gensets market and provides statistics and information on market size, structure and future market growth. The report intends to provide cutting-edge market intelligence and help decision makers take sound investment evaluation. Besides, the report also identifies and analyses the emerging trends along with essential drivers, challenges and opportunities in India diesel gensets market.

Power generation industry in India is largely split into conventional & non-conventional ways of generating electrical power. Historically, in India, prominent sources of generating electrical power are, hydel (water based), thermal (coal based), nuclear (atomic based) along with these sources diesel engine based electrical power generation has been popular. Indian diesel generator set market (only based on high speed diesel) has been witnessing growth

owing to infrastructure expansion, establishment of new industries & changing business environment in the country. Strong economic growth coupled with power deficits in many parts of the country would foster the demand for diesel generator sets. Also, growing number of telecom towers in the country are expected to boost the diesel generator set market. Diesel engine-based power generation has been growing during this decade, in applications such as prime power or continuous duty as well as in backup or standby. It is worthwhile to understand the significance of start-ups in this industry in the context of challenges & opportunities. ‘Power generation’ is a casually used term but when it comes to receiving end of usage, power generated gets transmitted through transmission network which is then followed by local distribution using distribution network.

Power generation industry

Imagine a day or night without electrical power. Every day or night, any human being needs electrical energy.

Presently, in India, the electrical power need is fulfilled using conventional & non-conventional sources of energy. Basic electrical need across the nation gets catered using boiler (coal fired) or turbine (steam or nuclear or hydel operated) & diesel generator set. Day-by-day, with the influence of ‘Make in India’ initiative, infrastructure segment in India & other industries across India have started peaking up the electrical power demand. In the year 2015, IBEF has done extensive survey on ‘Electrical Machinery’ potential mapping in the Indian market, till year 2022. They have covered power generation machinery, distribution machinery & transmission machinery under ‘Electrical Machinery. Study indicates that electrical power generation machinery installed capacity is expected to grow from 267 GW to 350 GW from year 2015 to year 2022 which is CAGR of 3.9% whereas power demand is expected to have growth at CAGR of 17%. This clearly indicates that there is high probability of having peak demand for electrical power across country. During the same research, IBEF, in reference

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with a report published by Ministry of Heavy Industries, GoI, indicated to have CAGR of 27.2% for backup power generation units. Generators are expected to have 5-fold growth till 2022.

Boilers are contributing to 63% of total generator industry followed by turbines with 27% & remaining approximate 10% is catered by Diesel engine driven power generator. High Speed Diesel is the one which is famous ‘Diesel’ utilized to power automobiles or generator sets. Presently, in the Indian market, High Speed Diesel engine-based power generation is enjoying 72% of market share against other sources. IBEF report indicates that the electrical machinery market has been opened for 100% FDI starting 2013 end, which is in line with the Central Pollution Control norms implementation strategy by the GoI. Even though there are government efforts to make India free from power-cuts & generate surplus power with continuity in supply & better quality of power, still there are gaps in present establishments & hence the option like UPS or Diesel engine-based power generation is becoming a popular source of back-up electrical supply.

With this change in pollution level norms on diesel enginebased power generation, various multinational generator set manufacturers have invested in India & have started challenging the established domestic giants. In the recent past, government has assigned various regional SEZ’s which are attracting these multinational giants to set up plants or factories & become competitive in global market as well. Some of them are directly investing or some of them are coming in via joint venture route. One of the well-known research organizations in this field, RNCOS, have indicated in their report ‘India Diesel Market Outlook-2018’ that generator set market in India is on a growth path primarily due to peak demand in electrical power & also due to lack of continuous availability of power with better quality. Also, the ‘back-up’ power availability has started playing a crucial role in Indian industries such as engineering, infrastructure, realty, hospitality & many more. This report indicates that the generator market has seen a growth of 9.5% in the year 2013 over its previous calendar year.

It further indicated that it would have similar growth in next 5 years to come. The Indian diesel generator market

is expected to grow at 11% CAGR in the product range of below 100 KVA & higher rating product ranges are expected to grow at CAGR of 7.8% till the year 2018. Power generation industry has been through various phases of evolution. Generator manufacturers have started understanding the need of market or customers from their product than merely selling the generator sets. One of the critical evolution phases was sustaining in the change of pollution norms laid down by the GoI. First norms were laid down 10 years ago (CPCB-1) & the second were laid down in the year 2014 (known as CPCB-2). These have compelled the industry players to work on the structured or well organised sales process. The reason to change norms was purely based on environment protection & bringing in technical advancement in product, buying options for the buyers including the imported & domestic products. This has resulted in introduction of full-time availability of imported generator sets in India. Imported generator-set manufacturers have increased their capacities in India helping in boosting the Indian economy. To start with, the boost in economy looks to be negligible but the plans for next five years would attract investment of approximately USD 10 Bn. In the era of CPCB-1, India power generation segment has seen most dominating domestic players like Cummins India Ltd., Kirloskar Oil Engine, Greaves, Ashok Leyland & to some extent Mahindra & Mahindra.

As compared to presence of only 4 major domestic players in the past, there are 8 major players now, essentially adding 4 giants from global market (Caterpillar, Perkins, MTU & Mitsubishi). Over the years, since 2013, market potential for diesel generator sets has gone up from 75,000 units per year to 100,000 units per year, making it to approximate increase of turnover in value terms as INR 3000 crore annually. This estimates out to 25% growth in potential & doubling the number of players.

Power generation industry evolution

Power generation industry has travelled a long way from its first articulate level of ‘chaotic or chaos’ to present days ‘reportable’ stage. In one of the recent articles by ‘Markets & Markets, on generator set industry growth prospects worldwide (till year 2020), growth indicated to be around US

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$ 20 Bn USD from present level of US $13 Bn (2015) which means at CGAR of 5.4%. Primary reasons for this growth are indicated to be growing need of continuous power supply & increasing power outages. The report also segments the diesel generator market on the basis of end-user, which includes industrial (power generation/ utilities, oil, gas & others), commercial (IT & telecom, healthcare, & others) and residential. The industrial segment is one of largest users of diesel generators and occupies more than 50% of the total market share in the end-user segment of the diesel generators market. This market is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, owing to chronic power outages & rapid growth of industries, infrastructure, IT & tele-communication industry across the world. Growing industrialization & frequent power outages are driving the demand for diesel generators in this region.

The diesel generator market in India is expected to grow at the highest CAGR, owing to growing IT, data centre, telecom, & ongoing infrastructure development programmes in the country. Start-ups are essentially of two kinds. The first one starts ground up or the one which no one has thought about. In last two to three years, many such start-ups came in & vanished on their own. This type of start-up is difficult to create but once created often sees unprecedented growth. The second type is primarily the ones that do not want to reinvent the wheel. They are interested to adding old sauce in a new dish with little value addition, either superficial, or in actual, to create something new &innovative. Both these major types of start-ups are seen in all industries. Whatever

may be the kind of start-up, Indian start-ups face their own set of challenges & some stellar opportunities.

Conclusion

A trend boosting market growth for gensets is technological advances. Improved fuel economy continues to be the most significant advancement in diesel engine technology. Though many end-users prefer gasoline-powered equipment, the diesel engine segment has a solid end-user base in data centers as it is an economical option - an important parameter considered for owning power backup equipment.

Over the years, several initiatives and changes have been implemented to improve the overall efficiency of engines in a diesel genset. Most of the modifications involve igniting of power within the engine itself, derived from a combination of oxygen and fuel.

According to the report, a key growth driver is frequent power outages. Power outages form one of the common problems faced by developing countries such as India. India, being one of the fastest developing nations in the world, depends largely on electricity for its industrial, commercial, infrastructure, transport, and other sectors. India is the third largest electricity producer and consumer in the world after the US and China. However, an estimated 27% of the energy generated in India gets lost during transmission or is stolen. Peak supply falls short of 9%, and frequent power outages last for an average of 10 hours in many regions of the country.

EM

SINGLE PHASE

THREE PHASE HIGHLY INSULATED

FEATURES :

Material

Process

(11KV, 11-33KV)

(33-66KV)

feet Length (66-132KV, 400KV)

(220KV-400KV)

— Earthing : Die cast Alu. Earthing instrument for 30mm Dia (11KV, 11-33KV) Die cast Alu. Earthing instrument for 50mm Dia (33-66KV, 66-132KV, 132-220KV)

— Cable : 4sq. mm copper cable 06 mtr. long. (11KV) 6sq. mm copper cable 06 mtr. long. (11-33KV)

10sq. mm copper cable 07 mtr. long. (33-66KV) 16sq. mm copper cable 08 mtr. long. (66-132KV) 25sq. mm copper cable 10 mtr. long. (132-220KV) 16sq. mm copper cable 10 mtr. long. (220KV) 35sq. mm copper cable 10 mtr. long. (400KV)

— Clamp : Crocodile grounding clamp.(11KV, 11-33KV) Aluminium “C ” grounding clamp. (33-66KV, 66-132KV, 132-220KV, 220KV, 400KV)

— Cover : including.

SINGLE PHASE THREE PHASE

Er. P.K.Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as General Manager, EHT (O&M) Circle Bhubaneswar

- Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems.

Having 29 years of technical experience on various HT and EHT voltage level in the field of transmission sector. Specialization on the development techno-economical design of protection control schemes for system development and planning. At present involved with various on-going projects on GIS, SAS and updated Remote SCADA control stations of OPTCL.

Published 105 technical papers in National and International arena and is a regular contributor to the National journals like Electrical Mirror,

Introduction:

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd….

blowing of Y phase fuse at PT secondary console box.

For the last few months, the response of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronization of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station.

2.1. 132 KV PT Fuse replacement: Replacement of 132 Kv BUS PT fuse without availing Total Bus Shut down.

Observations:

1. Once, one of the 132 KV BUS PT was suffered with

2. This was of 220/132/33 KV Grid, having important 132 KV feeders catering supply to few other important systems.

3. The PT secondary box was on top of the Structure base and attending of the fuse replacement needs Shutdown of the Total Main Bus due to safety consideration.

4. Now to avail such shutdown in regular manner, the supply need to be interrupted, as this PT arrangement had not been provided with any Primary Isolating Switch (Refer Fig 2.1).

5. Moreover, keeping out of PT fuse for longer time may cause issues on the non-operation of protection system and system disturbance in the event of fault occurrence.

6. So, it was decided to avail Bus Section Shut-down by dis-connecting the BUS-SECTION isolators on either side of the Main Bus PT on arranging equipotential concept.

Action Taken:

1. On operational system, the Bus-Coupler arrangement was closed to energise the Transfer Bus system by closing the Isolators and corresponding Breakers. ( Refer Fig 2.1 )

2. The Transfer isolator of Feeder 2 was closed with ONLOAD on equipotential concept.

3. Now across both terminals of BUS-SECION ISOLATOR-1 (Left side of the Main Bus as shown in fig 2.1) on main bus, voltage becomes equal.

4. So, this isolator was allowed to make open with ONLOAD condition without affecting the system load flow.

5. After opening of this BUS-SECTION isolator-1, the Main Bus got splited.

6. Now the BUS-SECTION isolator-2 was attempted opening on the same equi-potential concept by closure of Feeder-3 transfer isolator, developing parallel path.

7. So the BUS-SECTION-2 isolator was also opened successfully without any system outage.

8. After opening of the both Bus-section Isolators smoothly, the Bus-coupler breaker and associated isolators on both side of the BC was also opened to make Main BUS PT section free from potential.

9. Then availing necessary PTW the secondary fuse at the PT secondary box was replaced.

10. During this process of PT fuse replacement, all directional protection schemes were made NONDIRECTIONAL due to non-availability of main BUS PT supply.

11. The revival process was also attended in the same concept of Equi-potential method to bring back the Main BUS-PT into system.

12. All the Protection schemes were made directional and ensured about its functionality before taken into action.

Technical Analysis:

1. Any of the AIR BREAK SWITCH (Isolator/disconnectors) should not be operated with ON –LOAD

condition.

2. Because, on doing so the current arching cannot be quenched successfully in air medium. The contact of the isolator may burn out and may cause flashing in the system with system disturbance due to un-wanted current flow to the surrounding medium.

3. But by the concept of Equi-potential (Availing of equal potential on either side of the Isolator), the isolator limb can be opened with ON-LOAD condition.

4. Because on equal potential, current flow never happens in the system. So operation could be made possible with loading arrangement.

5. In this mode of exercise, all the isolators were made opened and closed as per situational requirement by maintaining equi-potential concept.

6. When any of the situation does develop to act on the isolator operation, the concept of equi-potential should be explored if possible to avail by developing parallel path in the system.

7. If not, then extension of potential with NO-LOAD attempt can be tried. If not further, then Bus to be taken shut-down to make free of the system, that need to be attended for rectification.

8. In all the case proper earthing should be done during rectification work.

Recommendations:

It is always recommended for the safe operation of Isolator on EQUI-POTENTIAL method

2.2. Improper Earth connecting Link: At one of the newly commissioned running 220/132KV Grid Sub-station, it was found with improper Earth resistance on few of the earth system.

Observations:

1. On suspecting so, the investigation was done on the earth integrity.

2. The maintenance engineer was asked to test the individual earth pits available in the system.

3. On checking it was found few of the earth pit was having higher value.

4. The detail checking was done on removal of the earth electrode and found few of the pits with lesser length electrode of 1 mtr approximately instead of allowed 3.3 mtrs.

s E s T udy

5. On inquiry to the executing team. It was revealed that, this action was done due to non-approach of electrode pipe for internal stone availability issues.

6. Now to avoid this, special plate electrode system was done with of allowed earth surface.

7. But to the surprise it was found with other kind of discrepancies regarding the workmanship of earth link connection to the main system.

8. This was connected with Earth plate link with hole arrangement for better connection and dis-connection during testing and maintenance of the earth pits.

9. This earth link was having holes on its body, prepared by welding (As shown in fig 2.2).

10. These holes were not uniform, resulting with improper connectivity to the Earthing System and developing higher value of earth resistance due to improper links.

11. So all such links were replaced by arrangement of proper drilled holes.

12. Though this is one of the small issues, but this may lead to big range of technical problems due to improper current flow during fault condition in the system.

13. On improvement of the earthing system, the values were checked and found within the allowable limit.

2.3. Burning of Station Transformer: One of the Station transformer loaded from Tertiary winding of ICT was burnt with HV winding insulation during a series lightening stroke day.

Observations.

1. This Auxiliary station transformer was connected on

the tertiary winding nearby to the ICT with its required protection and lightning arrestors.

2. On the day of inspection aftermath burning of the Station transformer, it was found with few of the following points.

i. The Station Transformer HT winding was found with scattered damage of R phase (severe) compared to other two phases with its burnt insulation. The tank found ruptured being enbuldged.

ii. The LINE CT used for Station transformer were found with pitting holes on the Top Tank with holes and blackening of supports.

iii. The 33 KV Station LAs, PTs, PIs, connected Isolator Power contacts found with severe arcs especially on R and Y Phase.

iv. The Earth Pit near to Station Transformer was checked and found with Severe sparking.

v. Few Physical Discrepancies were observed regarding Protection System as reported by protection team.

1. Non-operation of BUCHOLTZ relay, No Oil spilling from explosion vent.

2. Non-actuation of Relays used for Station Transformer Protection IED.

3. Non-blowing, Intact of PT Primary Earth Link with no abnormality.

4. No physical fault current tracing for Secondary CT windings found from CT console Box (Neither in Station Transformer CT nor in Differential CT).

vi. Further observation from CCTV camera that at the time of fault occurrence, it was resulting with series

Fig 2.2 Improper Holes on Earth Link

Fig 2.3. Burnt Winding and Insulation

hitting of External Lightening. From the visuals, the lightening was seen from background only, nothing such DIRECT STROKE.

vii. From recording retrieval, it was also found that from the last lightening observance, the HEAVY FLASHING had been found with elapse of around 4 seconds.

viii. Some preliminary observations on Protection Actuation.

1.3 winding Differential Relay picked up, but tripping blocked due to CROSS BLOCKING FEATURE actuation (HARMONICS BLOCK).

2. After 943 mSec, the Main Differential tripped.

3. Fault current as recorded from 220KV side of around 2 Kamp, with equivalent 33 KV fault current being 13.33 Kamp approx.

ix. Some Other Discrepancies and Deficiencies.

1. One Extra Set of 3 CTs (used for Differential Protection) has been used with its position being away from ICT.

2. Inside Differential Zone, 1 set of LA, 33 KV Breaker, Isolator, PTs have been found.

3. Station Transformer CTs are of lower Ratio with lesser Dimension.

4. Positioning of Station Transformer is very near to the ICT with no any fire wall protection.

5. Station Transformer Vector Group is Dy11, fed from D11 winding DELTA tertiary.

6. Protection on the Station Transformer was not adopted with few of the followings

a. High set Tripping b. Voltage Protection.

c. Non-coordinated O/C and E/F setting.

d. Non-Integration of mechanical protection.

3. Recommendation from different observations:

a. Review of Station Transformer:

i. Physical CT Dimension, Ratio and specification needs to be reviewed.

ii. Design and Specification of Station Transformer to be reviewed.

iii. Mechanical Protection and its integration with circuit need to be investigated.

iv. Earthing integrity to be checked.

v. BIL of HT insulation need to be co-ordinated with ICT Tertiary Winding insulation.

b. 33 KV Differential CT Positioning: CT should be positioned near to the transformer as possible, keeping 33KV controlling equipment beyond Differential Zone. Preferably to be provided with Turret CT winding if available.

c. Activation of Station Transformer

Protection IED:

i. High set current setting.

ii. Broken vt protection

iii. Co-ordinated back up protection.

iv. Sensitive earth falut from station transformer nct.

v. All mechanical protections (buch relay, oti, wti) to be included in the scheme after investigation

d. Earth System Integration Check :

Detail Checking of ERATHING SYSTEM to be done and confirmed regarding its value.

e. Revisit and review of lightning mask design:

On the day of incident, it was found with series of lightning resulting, in some case as apprehended its effect might have travelled and caused ELECTROSTATIC VOLTAGE STRESS upon the DELTA windings of transformers. Simultaneous voltage on ICT TERITARY winding and Primary winding of Station Transformer. Lesser BIL insulation on Station Transformer, might have caused insulation failure and the consequence as observed. Detail LIGHTNING ZONE and its calculation to be re-visited and strengthen if required.

f. Re-visit to LA installation:

All LAs in the system need to be checked and confirmed. g. Re-check and testing of differential relay features:

From DR of the activated relay, it was found that CROSS BLOCK FUNCTIONALITY has been activated after initiation of differential feature and caused tripping delay of 943 milli-sec. In practice no cross functionality should block tripping function except 2nd harmonic restraint during intial charging of transformer only. So, this Relay needs to be tested and setting as appropriate and suitable to be provided.

Ixxat® SG-Gateways enable communication between Industrial Automation devices and Energy Networks. HMS Networks is now extending the Ixxat SG-Gateway line with new versions including a 4G / LTE modem for cellular connectivity as well as 4-port Ethernet switching capabilities, giving users additional Energy Networking options for substa-tions and power plants.

The Energy sector is developing fast in India, driven by the transformation to renewable ener-gies, electromobility and the move from pure energy consumers to prosumers (producer and consumer). The changes result in high demands on communication within the Energy distri-bution Networks. Highly flexible and secure solutions are required to adapt the existing infra-structure to the new conditions, including mitigation of the increasing risk of cyber-attacks.

The new, extended IXXAT SG-gateways from HMS meet both the need for more flexibility and for more security. For several Energy Networking use

cases – mini-RTU, Gateway and remote access

Ixxat SG-Gateways are used in many areas of Energy Automation, e.g. in modern power plants and in largescale Energy consumer installations for retrofitting systems and digitalizing substations. The SG-Gateways are used for different purposes: They connect Energy control Networks with Industrial Automation systems, enable remote access, act as Gateways be-tween different protocols and thus enable the development of state-of-the-art IIoT applications.

Fast Cellular communication for increased data availability and insight

With the new, integrated 4G modem and the extensive protocol support, the Ixxat SG-Gate-ways are ideal for easy digitalization of small, outlying energy distribution stations. The 4G CAT1 connection offers 10 Mbps downstream and 5 Mbps upstream communication with low latency,

high network coverage and a universal data channel –independent of wired Ethernet, DSL or fiber optics. 4G can be used as either the main or backup communication channel. All supported IP-based protocols – including IEC 61850, IEC 60870-5-104, MQTT and OPC-UA – can be transmitted over the wireless link. The 4G modem can also be used as an independ-ent communication channel for device maintenance and alarm messages (SMS or MQTT), enables straight-forward implementation of predictive and remote maintenance applications.

New, versatile 4-port switch versions introduced

In addition to the 4G option, new multi-port versions of the Ixxat SG-Gateways are now able to securely connect Networks through several independent interfaces on data level. This sim-plifies data exchange between Energy Automation Networks and Industrial Ethernet systems (such as PROFINET or EtherNet/IP) as well as connection to IoT-systems and cloud applica-tions. Each network segment is connected separately and can still exchange data with all other segments. Thanks to integrated security functions, including a firewall, the overall system is easy to design and maintain, as well as being considerably more robust

and secure against unauthorized access, compared to the use of conventional gateway and switch combinations.

Most commonly used and Popular protocols support

All the IXXAT SG-Gateways support the communication protocols used in modern Smart Grid Networks, e.g. IEC60870-5-104 Client / Server, IEC61850 Client / Server, GOOSE and VHPready. In addition, they also include Modbus TCP Client / Server and Modbus RTU Master / Slave functionality. IXXAT SG-Gateways also communicate with Industrial fieldbus or Indus-trial Ethernet Networks such as Profibus, PROFINET and EtherNet/IP.

Ready for the future with OPC-UA and MQTT

Mr. Santosh Tatte, Country Manager

Ixxat SG-Gateways now also offer functions for data aggregation and simple controlling tasks. Thanks to the new support for the popular OPC-UA and MQTT standards, SG-Gateways can be used to feed data from various Energy and Industrial Networks to established services from Microsoft, Google and other providers, where the data can be evaluated and reacted upon via a secure bidirectional connection. OPC-UA and MQTT are now available for all SG-Gateway versions at no extra cost.

EM

HMS Networks is the leading independent supplier of solutions for Industrial Communication and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). HMS develops and manufactures products under the Anybus®, Ewon® and Ixxat® brands. Communication solutions for Building Automation are offered under Intesis® product brand. Development and manufacturing take place at Sweden, Germany, Belgium, and Spain. Local sales and support in India is handled by qualified team operating from Pune as well as through a network of distributors and partners.

E NERG y SECTORS ARE EXPECTED TO DRI vE UPS MAR k ET IN I NDIA

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

inverter battery systems in the recent years are playing significant role in achieving protection against power interruptions and in improving efficiency and cost effectiveness of the power networks. In this article, an assessment of harmonic load model of battery energy storage system is carried out by a detailed experimentation on 10kVA single-phase UPS inverter battery. Experimental results are obtained for fundamental powers drawn by the battery during charging, along with harmonic currents generated at various voltage levels. From the measured values, functional relations between voltage and power (real and reactive) have been developed. Results of experimentation are then integrated with radial distribution systems to investigate the impact of harmonic load model of UPS battery on the distribution network. The proposed method is tested on a radial distribution feeder integrated with UPS battery system. Load flow results of integrated distribution system demonstrate that non-linear load model of UPS battery can cause considerable harmonic distortion in the distribution network and increase power losses. Chennai-based provider of uninterrupted power offer (UPS) systems diplomatist Neowatt nowadays declared it’s started the world’s largest preparation of lithium-ion

UPS answer in province.

The firm same it had been provision UPS systems - a tool that gives battery backup once the power fails or dropswith lithium-ion battery to power the net Protocol CCTV cameras that were being put in across the state as a part of a government programme for increased safety.

Sriram Ramakrishnan, chief military officer and administrator, diplomatist Neowatt said: “Our client came to North American country with the demanding demand of an extended life and maintenance-free UPS answer for outside setting to power the CCTV cameras, that area unit contact length and breadth of province.”

The company same that the choice to travel with lithium-ion batteries rather than the traditional lead acid batteries was taken keeping in mind the lifetime of the battery in high heat condition and additionally as a result of the lithium-ion battery had a lower weight and smaller footprint compared to steer acid batteries.

“The in-house R&D team at diplomatist Neowatt evaluated and selected a lithium-ion battery technology, which might face up to higher close temperatures and has 5 times a lot of cyclic life than valve-regulated lead acid batteries,” Ramakrishnan side.

s & BATTERIE

This project needs a 24-hour operation of the cameras put in on poles in key areas across the state that wants an assured power offer. Diplomatist Neowatt was additionally provision high power three-phase UPS for command management centres (CCC) all told the districts of province for this project.

All the UPS provided for this project area unit web of things prepared and would be monitored at the district three hundred at the side of the video feed from the informatics CCTV cameras to make sure uninterrupted operations of the cloud-based closed-circuit television, the firm same.

If one is getting to purchase a brand new electrical converter battery and is confused regarding the way to choose the most effective electrical converter battery in India, then this is often the proper article to achieve information regarding the choice of an honest electrical converter battery. One doesn’t have to be compelled to be nonplussed any longer regarding the sizes and kinds of electrical converter battery on the market.

A thorough analysis has been exhausted order to guide the shoppers for getting the most effective electrical converter battery. It’s forever a tough task to organize a prime list, anyways; an inventory has been ready for the sake of shopper’s Indian agency area unit in a very hurry to shop for the most effective battery for electrical converter like a shot, with no time to analysis on shopping for an applicable battery. Though it should appear a straightforward task to

put in writing this text, it’s quite herculean task.

In modern-day life, inverters area unit established to be essential as we have a tendency to need electricity daily for varied functions. An electrical converter is useful to store the electricity and provide it once there’s no power on the market. Within the absence of electricity, inverters play a significant role. The other activity of a rectifier is performed by the electrical converter. Inverters were necessary before too. However they need gained a lot of importance currently thanks to the load shedding downside that is increasing day by day.

Providing backup power within the absence of electricity is their main task. The battery provides power to the electrical converter and therefore the electrical converter provides it to the electrical appliances whenever necessary. Thus, it’s an awfully handy aid to the appliance. Varied varieties of electrical converters area unit on the market nowadays and other people purchase an inverter just in case of load shedding issues. Once there’s no offer of electricity, everything involves a standstill during this present time. Hence, installation of an electrical converter generator is often helpful.

An electrical converter is capable of running all devices within the absence of power offer. Electric battery provides power to the electrical converter. Whereas shopping for an electrical converter for home, forever choose the most

effective home electrical converter. There’s a requirement to charge the battery because the electrical converter obtains its power from the battery. The car motor should be unbroken running so as to charge the battery.

The battery also can be charged with the assistance of gas generator and star panels. There’s additionally another thanks to charge the battery by connecting it to an AC outlet. The energy that is hold on within the battery is remodeled to different power by the facility electrical converter. This power is employed in business moreover as industrial systems. It’s additionally helpful all told sorts of homes and offices.

For storing the electricity, an electrical converter wants batteries. Electric battery is a necessary a part of an electrical converter. Several firms within the market area unit manufacturing electrical converter batteries. The most effective electrical converter battery listing varies as per the producing firms. It’s equally necessary to settle on a right battery as selecting electrical converter. The guts of UPS system are its Battery. If a high-end branded electrical converter is hooked up to an affordable battery, then there’s a risk of spoiling the lifetime of the branded electrical converter.

Even among the pledge amount, non-branded batteries fail at any time. Excessive or low voltage to inverters is given by non-branded batteries, which can go bad the system of UPS. Such batteries area unit sometimes equipped with battery plates of low-quality. Throughout an influence failure, an extended backup isn’t given by the affordable batteries. The AH rating in such battery could undoubtedly be faux. Extreme care maintenance is required by these batteries. Reliable batteries area unit ISO certified.

While getting batteries for an electrical converter, the hollow batteries ought to be the popular selection. Compared to the opposite sorts, there are a unit slightly a lot of expensive; however they’re pricing their prices. Compared to alternative batteries that solely have a life up to four years, hollow batteries have a protracted lifetime of up to eight years. For the batteries to run well, one has to often prime them up with H2O.

One should additionally comprehend the pledge that is provided by the manufacturer of the electrical converter a minimum of a minimum pledge of one year is provided by most of the makers. Some makers additionally give specific pledge periods for various spare elements of the electrical converter. One ought to additionally enquire regarding the

& BATTERIE s

extended pledge. Before shopping for an electrical converter battery for an electrical converter, one ought to analysis and decide the best electrical converter battery combination.

What to seem for in electrical converter Batteries

One should always search for best electrical converter battery brands as a result of guarantee, smart client service/support, and safety area unit offered by the branded electrical converter batteries. Shopping for unbranded electrical converter battery for an electrical converter is going to be the same as card-playing hard-earned money on stocks that area unit falling. The unbranded electrical converter battery could look profitable from the value purpose of read. However it’ll not be a right product to use in terms of safety and it’d not meet the desired standards. As per the arranged down standards in Asian nation, the merchandise while not Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence mark will increase the expenses thanks to service prices and alternative things. If one needs for an electrical converter battery that has lower maintenance prices, then one ought to choose an electrical converter battery that is Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence approved and marked.

Selecting the most effective battery for home use depends on 2 things – the desired capability of the battery and therefore the form of battery required.

India UPS Market: Overview

Growing demand from diverse sectors such as IT and IT enabled services (ITeS); banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI); government, manufacturing, telecom, and energy sectors continues to drive the UPS market in India. Government’s initiative to computerize its various departments coupled with ‘The National e-Governance Plan’ is expected to boost the demand for low-end UPS systems through 2025. Increasing demand for high-end UPS is expected to emanate from growing installations of high-end electronic equipment and machineries in industrial set-ups. Increasing penetration of IT/ITES sector in Tier-II & Tier II cities of the country is also anticipated to boost the demand for UPS systems in the coming years. India UPS Market is expected to grow with a CAGR over 8% during the forecast period 2018-2025. Growing need

for continuous and smooth power supply in various end-use sectors including residential, commercial and industrial, provides a huge growth opportunity for UPS manufacturers in India.

Particularly, growing demand from IT/ ITeS, BFSI, government sector, manufacturing, telecom, and energy sectors are expected to drive UPS market in India in the coming years. However, regardless of various government efforts towards increasing power generation over the last decade, there is still a huge mismatch between power supply and demand. Poor power infrastructure and high transmission losses are anticipated to drive demand for UPS systems in India over the forecast period.

Growing demand from diverse sectors such as IT and IT enabled services (ITeS); banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI); government, manufacturing, telecom, and energy sectors continues to drive the UPS market in India. Government’s initiative to computerize its various departments coupled with ‘The National e-Governance Plan’ is expected to boost the demand for low-end UPS systems through 2025. Increasing demand for high-end UPS is expected to emanate from growing installations of high-end electronic equipment and machineries in industrial set-ups. Increasing penetration of IT/ITES sector in Tier-II & Tier II cities of the country is also anticipated to boost the demand for UPS systems in the coming years.

India UPS Market Analysis: By Type

• Online segment is growing significantly with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. For applications where power losses due to inefficiencies are less of a concern and eliminating the delay from grid power available to back power is paramount, Online (also called Double Conversion) is the only solution. Online systems followed line interactive systems due to its popularity among large organizations and data centers. Moreover, online systems are slightly more expensive considered to line-interactive systems.

• Offline/Standby segment is growing significantly with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. They are the most common type of UPS used for personal computers. The systems are considered as best value for

s &

personal workstations, however, for other applications, line interactive and online are better. For backup applications where low cost is critical, it doesn’t matter if the load loses power briefly and backup times are short, an offline solution is adequate, although it will not provide adequate protection against spikes or sags from the grid.

• Line Interactive segment is growing significantly with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. For typical applications where power often needs conditioning but is usually available and very short transfer times from grid to backup power are acceptable and daily energy consumption is a concern, Line Interactive is the preferred solution. These types of UPS systems are demanded by majority of commercial establishments

India UPS Market Analysis: By Application

• The Commercial UPS application is growing at a rapidly with a significant CAGR during the forecast period owing to the growing commercial sectors like public and private offices, restaurants, hospitals, cafes, etc.

• The Industrial UPS application is growing with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period due to rapid

industrialization.

• The Residential UPS application is growing with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. The growing population is one main driver behind the residential usage of UPS. As people are increasing, the residential areas are also increasing simultaneously, surging the demand for UPS in their homes.

India UPS Market: Competitive Dynamics

The India UPS Market is dominated by a number of players, amongst them, the major players are Consul Neowatt Power Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Delta Power Solutions (India) Pvt. Ltd, Eaton Power Quality Pvt. Ltd, Emerson Network Power (India) Pvt. Ltd, Hitachi HI-REL Power Electronics Pvt. Ltd, Microtek International Pvt. Ltd, Novateur Electrical & Digital Systems Pvt. Ltd, Schneider Electric IT Business India Pvt. Ltd, Socomec Innovative Power Solutions, Uniline Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. Companies in this industry are following different strategies to strengthen their market position. EM

CAPACITOR INDUSTRy HAS FEw MANUFACTURERS IN THE ORGANISED SECTOR IN I NDIA Abstract

Indian electrical capacitor market is projected to develop from 394 million in 2017 to 625 million by 2023 on account of surging penetration of smart devices and growing demand for renewable energy sources as they use inverters to Power factor correction is the method to reduce the lagging power factor in inductive loads by fixing a high value capacitor across the phase and neutral close to the load. When the Voltage and Current are in phase with each other in an AC circuit, the energy from the source is fully converted into another form to drive the load and in this case power factor is in unity. When the power factor drops, the system becomes less efficient. As a rule a drop from unity to 0.9 in the power factor increases the current requirement to 15% or more. A power factor of 0.7% increases the power requirement to around 40%. This is much severe in the case of inductive loads such as Motors, Refrigerators, Inverters etc. In these inductive loads, current “lags” the voltage leading to “lagging power factor”. But opposite condition occurs

if current “leads” the voltage. This is called “leading power factor”. Power factor correction is the method to reduce the lagging power factor in inductive loads by fixing a high value capacitor across the phase and neutral close to the load. These capacitors have leading power factor so that it will neutralize the lagging power factor of the load. Power factor correction has the following advantages.

1. Load becomes more efficient

2. Prevents wastage of energy though heat

3. Maintains voltage stability

Being a cheaper product when compared to other components, and with the increasing need for energy efficiency, the demand for capacitors is rising rapidly. According to an Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association (IEEMA) report, the Indian capacitor market registered a growth of 17.3 per cent during the first quarter of FY 2018-2019.

Despite the wide application of capacitors, the Indian capacitor industry has very few manufacturers in the organised sector. One of the major concerns in the recent past has been the rising cost of materials, coupled with the falling market price for the finished product. Prices of imported capacitors are lower when compared to what is available in the domestic market. Although the capacitor segment has seen relatively good growth, year on year, the actual volume of capacitors necessary to bring down the transmission and distribution losses is much below the required level. However, manufacturers are always on the lookout for new materials or variants of older materials that can be incorporated into passive components. Here’s a quick look at what’s new in the capacitor industry and the latest trends being followed globally.

Current global trends

Demand for ultra-capacitors: Experts believe that electrochemical double layered super capacitors (EDLC), also known as ultra-capacitors, will be in demand through the current year. Ultra-capacitors offer a very efficient, high energy solution, with high performance across a wide range of temperatures and a long lifespan with little to no maintenance. “Worldwide, efforts are being made to improve EDLCs for their high energy density. These innovative capacitors are used in transportation, grid scale energy storage, wind turbines, server memory, consumer electronics applications, etc,” shares SK Jain, managing director, Sumitron Exports Pvt Ltd.

Higher capacitance value: According to A Bali, vice president, Deki Electronics Ltd, the current trend is towards smaller sizes in the high frequency environment along with the use of high capacitance value items. “A large capacitance means that more charge can be stored. Electrolytic capacitors are capable of providing the highest capacitance values of any type of capacitor. There are two types of electrolytic capacitors in common use—aluminium and tantalum,” he adds.

Low equivalent series resistance: Moving along with the current trend towards lower voltage and higher current circuits, designers are now specifying capacitors with minimal ESR. Higher levels of functionality in today’s designs mean that

despite the fall in voltage levels, circuit power levels should not drop. In simple words, a lower voltage means higher current levels. Thus, there is an increased demand on the power management circuit to deliver energy during periods of high current. Therefore, capacitors or capacitor banks that are used in the power management circuit need to exhibit low ESR characteristics.

Multiple SMT electrolytic capacitors: With surface mount technology (SMT) picking up fast, capacitors for surface mount devices (SMD) are used in vast quantities. There are different types of SMD capacitors, ranging from the ceramic variety to the tantalum and electrolytic type. SMT low ESR type electrolytic capacitors are more in demand as they offer a combined solution of high capacitance, to supply energy during high speed load stepping, and low ESR to reduce the output filter ripple (noise) voltage. Where liquid electrolytic capacitors offer high values of capacitance and low ESR that tends to be lower in cost, solid electrolytic capacitors feature reduced ESR, very high ripple current ratings and reduced size at a higher cost.

Miniaturisation of capacitors: Miniaturisation is another new trend that is catching on. Miniaturisation of multi-layer ceramic chip capacitors has not only brought about reductions in product sizes, but also contributes to the efficient use of resources and saves energy in manufacturing, secondary materials, transport and customer processes. It has allowed customers to reduce storage space by a bout 80 per cent.

Multi-layer ceramic capacitors: Increased adoption among design engineers across many industries has pushed multilayer ceramic capacitors into the mainstream in the past few years. Certain variants have even replaced tantalum type of capacitors. Faced with the miniaturisation trend, manufacturers are keen to develop smaller yet more efficient products. Shares Aloysius Ang, field application engineer, Murata Electronics (India) Pvt Ltd, “Multi-layer ceramic capacitors of 0201 size are going to be in the mainstream, led by demand from mobile phones and other portable markets. These capacitors are now being used in netbooks, e-book readers, gaming devices and other touch panel applications.”

Global technological innovations

Technological advancements are taking place worldwide to make capacitors more efficient. For the fast supply of electrical energy, SuperCaps are being used. A SuperCap combines the advantage of conventional capacitors as fast suppliers of electricity with that of batteries as notable energy reservoirs. These capacitors take advantage of the charge stored in the electrochemical double layer and provide extremely high capacities of more than 1000 Farads. Explains C Satish, managing director, Filcon Electronics Pvt Ltd, “SuperCap modules are developed as a replacement to conventional batteries in a large number of applications. Their energy density is typically hundreds of times greater than conventional electrolytic capacitors. They also have a much higher power density than batteries or fuel cells.”

Harmonics flow to capacitors causes overloading and possibly even premature failure in the production line. There is also a risk of resonance with any of the harmonics present in the system. In such a case, it can damage not only the capacitor but also other equipment in the line. It is, therefore, important to provide properly designed harmonics filters after carrying out an analysis of proper harmonics with different load conditions, eliminating the possibility of resonance, checking transformer fault levels,

impedances, etc. Thus, these filters block the harmonics and improve the power factor.

Moving ahead in innovation, Deki has been in the forefront of introducing new products into the Indian market. Informs a Bali, “Lighting being the main area of focus, Deki introduced its PES series and patented polyester self-healing (PSH) series. PES is a unique six film design, which helps to achieve better minimum breakdown with similar or smaller sized capacitors. PSH is yet another unique patented design that has an inductive construction with self-healing properties.”

A wide variety of materials with dielectric properties that enhance energy density, frequency response, equivalent series resistance (ESR), equivalent series inductance (ESL) and temperature range are registering huge growth. EIA Class 2 dielectrics are being used in various temperatures and tolerance ranges, allowing manufacturers to produce capacitors for particular purposes. Multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) are an excellent example of such passive components that have enjoyed robust growth, through the use of a wide variety of dielectric materials and by making improvements in device design. There are many engineered dielectric materials that have been used in MLCC devices,

CAPACITOR

which allow an array of devices to be built to meet specific design requirements.

R&D efforts are geared towards improving the electrical characteristics covering capacity density per unit volume, frequency response, DC bias voltage and loss coefficient. Increasing the reliability of capacitors is also a priority, especially among suppliers targeting automotive and industrial applications that demand rigorous operating attributes both in the temperature range and in voltage.

Where does India stand?

Despite its shortcomings, the Indian capacitor market— unlike the world capacitor market—is expected to grow by 10 to 15 per cent, annually. Domestic manufacturing lags far behind demand, as a result of which India has to import almost 60-65 per cent of its requirements for capacitors from China, who is the world leader in capacitor manufacturing and a small quantity comes from Taiwan, Korea and Japan. While the manufacturing sector in India needs a big fillip, it is important for manufacturers to follow the many new trends that have emerged in the global markets. India needs to attract more investment in this sector. “India needs to adopt a two-prong action plan—one is to increase R&D efforts to match international quality, and the second is to increase production volumes to meet the demand at lower prices,” shares S K Jain. Adding to this, C Satish feels, “For India to compete with the global players, it is essential that domestic manufacturers pay more attention to price and quality. This can only happen by automating production lines and moving ahead with volume production.”

A major concern in the recent past has been increasing input material costs coupled with increasing price levels.

According to Vikram Desai, managing director, Desai Electronics Pvt Ltd, “Worldwide DC plastic films capacitor market is expected to be flat or may even shrink by 5 per cent over next 5 years, provided the world economy does not shrink further. The demand for plastic film capacitors has now flattened out with deliveries matching the demand. The availability of raw material, especially metallised films, has improved with shortening of delivery times. There is a pressure to increase the prices, in light of the devaluation of the rupee.” There has been an upward trend in the

Indian prices due to low volume production and increased manufacturing input costs. Hence, major EMS companies in India are generally procuring capacitors from foreign suppliers through their Indian distributors. However, when it comes to quality, domestic companies are doing far better than various other leading countries. Adds A Bali, “Today, cheap film capacitors are flooding the country but the discerning purchaser knows that buying from a domestic player is a much better option, even if the price is 10 to 15 per cent more as there is the assurance of quality, flexibility and service.”

India not only has the manufacturing capability but it also has global technology available within the country. “But electronics manufacturers are not using the latest capacitors—the capacitor sizes being used in India were in vogue 10 years ago. Indian manufacturers are still commonly using capacitor sizes of 0603, 0805, etc, which are usually more costly. Local manufacturers should speed up the progress to MLCC usage downsizing into 0402 size or smaller,” informs Aloysius Ang.

India’s power sector is growing at a healthy rate and with the increase in the megawatts of electricity generated capacitors play a very important role in improving power utilisation. It is well known that India’s transmission and distribution losses are very high. Indian manufacturers must invest in the latest technology to cut these losses and meet the rising demand for capacitors in the country.

What’s on offer in India?

Desai Electronics Pvt Ltd is among the leading manufacturers of plastic film capacitors. Its product range covers interference suppression—Class X2 with UL approval and Y2 capacitors, plain (inductive and non-inductive) and metallised (polyester and polypropylene) capacitors. Informs Vikram Desai, “Although the worldwide market for plastic film capacitors would remain flat, the sale of plastic film capacitors in India has increased owing to the demand from the lighting industry (CFL and LED).” The application areas for plastic film capacitors constitute lighting (CFL and ballast), fan regulators and dimmers, energy meters, automobiles, instrumentation, LED lamps and drivers, power electronics, telecom, etc.

Sumitron Exports Pvt Ltd, a major distributor of capacitors, is a supplier for NIC Components Corporation. NIC in association with Nippon Industries Co Ltd is a designer, manufacturer and worldwide supplier of passive components. NIC offers 175 product series which include aluminium and tantalum E-caps, ceramic capacitors, DC film capacitors, thick and thin film resistive products and a growing line of power inductors, chip inductors and ferrite chip beads. “As technological upgradation is happening on the high energy density front, with low ESR that remains stable over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies, we have to offer technologically advanced capacitors; we are able to do this through our principal, NIC,” adds SK Jain. Moving with the trend, Sumitron offers all types of technologically advanced ESR capacitors including film capacitors, tantalums, aluminium electrolytic capacitors, solid polymer aluminium electrolytic capacitors and multilayer ceramic chip capacitors.

Filcon Electronics Pvt. Ltd. is yet another key player in this segment. The company manufactures metallised polyester, metallised polypropylene and polypropylene film and foils capacitors of high stability and close tolerance. It also offers mixed dielectric capacitors for railway signalling and

defence applications in round and box-type variants. “The capacitors manufactured by us have various applications including wave-traps and diesel locomotives. We have automatic lines for winding and testing; hence, our products meet international standards, with assured in-time delivery and competitive prices,” informs C Satish.

Deki Electronics Ltd, one of the largest manufacturers of DC plastic film capacitors, has been highly focused on developing new products and has filed a patent for one such product. Its wide range of capacitors include the Ultima range of safe fan regulator capacitors, mixed dielectric capacitor plain polypropylene and plain polyester film (PEP) capacitors for high stability and switching in CFL ballasts; polyester extra strength (PES) capacitors which give better minimum breakdown voltage in reduced sizes, and inductive self-healing capacitors.

With over 20 years’ experience, Power Palazzo Pvt Ltd has been supplying high quality active and passive components for the electronics and semiconductor industry. The company offers a complete range of superior quality electrolytic capacitors under the brand name Aishi to satisfy various customer needs by continually investing in R&D and

CAPACITOR

manufacturing facilities.

Murata Electronics Singapore (Pte) Ltd, a subsidiary of Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd, Japan, one of the largest MLCC manufacturer in the world, offers wide range of capacitor line-up in both low and high voltage that include consumer grade and automotive grade MLCC. It also manufactures disc lead type capacitors, aluminium polymer capacitors and EDLC.

Says Aloysium Ang, “Murata offers high capacitance value (above 1µF) capacitors from 4-50 V, which can be used at a maximum temperature of 85°C. The miniaturisation and large capacitance of these capacitors makes them ideal for the decoupling and smoothing applications of mobile devices.”

India making super capacitors for strategic use

India has developed super capacitors using indigenous materials for strategic use in defence and space sectors as an import substitute and to overcome energy deficiencies in critical equipment, a senior official said.

“We have developed super capacitors of different voltage for specific use in defence and space equipment as they store more energy than ordinary capacitors and discharge faster than batteries,” Centre for Materials for Electronics

Technology (C-MET) director Arun Sachdeva told IANS here.

The state-run C-MET, under the department of electronics and information technology, (DeitY) has developed the super capacitors under a pilot project at its Thrissur laboratory in Kerala and given them for trials to state-run defence and space agencies in the country as a power source for diverse applications.

“Once we complete testing in trials and standardise them for strategic use, we will transfer the technology to the private sector for volume production under our supervision, as they can also be used for industrial and consumer needs,” Sachdeva said at electronics’ summit here recently.

As super capacitors use electrostatic double-layer capacitance instead of the conventional solid dielectric of ordinary capacitors, they are used in applications that require rapid charge or discharge rather than long-term compact energy storage.

“Besides defence equipment like battle tanks, radarmounted vehicles and artillery guns, super capacitors can be used in space applications like satellites and launchers, as energy supply is critical for their operations,” Sachdeva asserted.

Super capacitors or ultra capacitors are also used in high-end cars, luxury buses, high-speed trains, heavylifting cranes and speedy elevators in tall skyscrapers as regenerative braking, short-term energy storage.

As an autonomous scientific society, C-MET is mandated to attain self-sufficiency in electronic materials, components and devices for catering to the country’s strategic and industrial applications with indigenous resources.

“There is a huge market potential for super capacitors in the country as they can store 10-100 times more energy per unit than electrolytic capacitors and bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries, Sachdeva noted.

The centre, which has two more labs at Hyderabad in Telangana and Pune in Maharashtra, had invested around Rs.2 crore-Rs.5 crore ($295,000-$738,000) to set up the facility for developing super capacitors of different voltage per unit volume or mass.

“In the absence of a fab (fabrication plant) to make silicon wafers, we have to import them in the form of chips for making super capacitors, using graphene-based electrodes with raw materials like carbon aerogel,” Sachdeva admitted.

As storage device with fast charging ability, superior low temperature performance, long service, cycle life and reliability, super capacitors have the potential to replace traditional batteries and capacitors in a wide range of electronic applications for defence, space, automotive and renewable energy.

According to a joint market study by the New Delhi-based Electronics Industries Association of India (Elcina) in partnership with the Mumbai-based multi-country market research firm IMRB, the super capacitor market worldwide is estimated to reach $8.3 billion by 2025, growing at 30 percent over the next 10 years.

capacitors,” Elcina president Vikram Desai told IANS on the margins of ‘Electronics India Week’, a three-day summit held here last week.

When super capacitors are developed for use across industrial and consumer verticals and produced in volumes, they will become affordable by its makers and end-users spanning transportation, wind energy, solar energy, consumer electronics and strategic sectors like defence and space.

The total addressable market for super capacitors in India is 1.3 billion units by 2020. In defence applications, the market size is projected to be Rs.20 crore-Rs.50 crore over the next four years.

Tata Motors has been testing super capacitors for hybrid electrical vehicles, while three private firms - Spel and Chheda Electrical at Pune and Aartech Solonics at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh are involved in developing them in the private sector.

Conclusion

“Super capacitor technology has not yet been commercialised in India and is not yet common in use due to high costs initially and low-energy density. Only C-MET is working on indigenous production of carbon aerogel-based super

Capacitor is one of the most extensively useable components in all electrical and electronic circuits. Current engineering syllabus covers only fundamental aspect of it. Many important problems of it are covered in distributed manner in various subjects. Material properties, type of capacitor it forms and use of it, needs to be co-related to give better understanding of this device. Some aspects such as advances in materials and manufacturing need of material parameters co-relation to applications, development of SDM and importance of stray capacitance is presented briefly in this article. There are so many techno commercial aspects which can be included in engineering syllabus. Indian capacitor industries need to put money in research and development. Due to computer sector lucrative jobs, there is tremendous shortage of skilled manpower at production and research work level. In this scenario, industries should collaborate with public and private sector research labs/ institutes. Industry sponsored materials and equipment with research lab sponsored manpower model should be adopted. Use of locally available material can be key for addressing commercial issues. EM

A LL yOU NEED TO k NOw ABOUT L ED LIGHTING ! Abstract

Indian electrical capacitor market is projected to develop from 394 million in 2017 to 625 million by 2023 on account of surging penetration of smart devices and growing demand for renewable energy sources as they use inverters to Power factor correction is the method to reduce the lagging power factor in inductive loads by fixing a high value capacitor across the phase and neutral close to the load. When the Voltage and Current are in phase with each other in an AC circuit, the energy from the source is fully converted into another form to drive the load and in this case power factor is in unity. When the power factor drops, the system becomes less efficient. As a rule a drop from unity to 0.9 in the power factor increases the current requirement to 15% or more. A power factor of 0.7% increases the power requirement to around 40%. This is much severe in the case of inductive loads such as Motors, Refrigerators, Inverters etc. In these inductive loads, current “lags” the voltage leading to “lagging power factor”. But opposite condition occurs

if current “leads” the voltage. This is called “leading power factor”. Power factor correction is the method to reduce the lagging power factor in inductive loads by fixing a high value capacitor across the phase and neutral close to the load. These capacitors have leading power factor so that it will neutralize the lagging power factor of the load. Power factor correction has the following advantages.

1. Load becomes more efficient

2. Prevents wastage of energy though heat

3. Maintains voltage stability

Being a cheaper product when compared to other components, and with the increasing need for energy efficiency, the demand for capacitors is rising rapidly. According to an Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association (IEEMA) report, the Indian capacitor market registered a growth of 17.3 per cent during the first quarter of FY 2018-2019.

LE d & LIGHTI n G

With growing urbanization, energy saving journey involves connecting light with the application; application with time & time with the user. There is a growing demand for better control of energy, reduced light pollution & wider compatibility with diverse digital systems. This can only be achieved when you understand the wider application. Globally, there is a trend to use LED & white light that is enabling us to both lower the energy required for lighting & lower the required lighting level. Research demonstrates that we simply see more efficiently in whiter light than under conventional light sources. This combined with LED challenges us to control & dim our street lighting, setting light in the right place & quantity, using Thorn systems/ by integrating your preferred controls. Changes in technology & legislation help us to support you with your carbon reduction targets, to control obtrusive light & to reduce energy, all moving you towards achieving tough environmental standards. Switching off is no longer your only choice, dimming positively impacts energy usage & keeps our road sv & streets safe for all. Another notable trend is within outdoor lighting controls. Today, LED means controls are easily accessible to all, either by local presence detection, part night dimming, linked groups of fittings responding to a wider influence/ through digitally connected cities. The ability to interact with lighting, use data to fine tune the energy & performance profiles is enabling municipalities to react to the needs of the population, to lengthen the life of an installation & to plan for the future. Lighting more than ever can be efficient, respects our need for dark & yet stimulate a truly smart city. To achieve all these aims takes a team working with & that has experience, practice & a heritage of great projects.

Performance

The optical system of an outdoor luminaire has to be designed to satisfy a number of criteria. The main factors are the type of light distribution required & the choice of light source. Previously the main light sources were traditionally sodium, mercury, ceramic metal halide-based discharge & even CFL but these are now surpassed by LED. Size of light source influences the options open to the designer. The shape of CFL dictates a longer, narrower lantern with little scope for varying the light distribution in the plane of the lamp axis; compact metal halide lamps enable increased choices through moving lamp within reflector. LEDs because of their

size & directionality grants themselves to a greater variety of optical arrangements resulting in distributions with excellent control. Thus, modern optical designs, materials & techniques can deliver more controlled light distributions & maximize performance. An intelligent electronic driver is required that dims pairs of LEDs in relation to each other & as a result tunes the light distribution of the lantern to the specific road conditions. The greater use of luminaires with “white light” sources (LED, metal halide & compact fluorescent) enhances visual performance due to the output spectrum being more suited to the eyes’ own response at low levels of illumination. It allows equivalent recognition at lower light levels.

Efficiency

A luminaire design, including optics, & the right light source & gear combination, have a direct impact on energy consumption & maintenance costs. Miniature metal halide & LEDs in particular are sources renowned for high quality optical performance with low energy consumption in many applications. Electronic ballasts with high frequency possess the operational edge of better lamp efficacy & life, lowered energy consumption, with capacity for dimming/ power reduction & automatic control, in a lightweight one-piece housing. To maximize energy efficiency, LED drivers can take advantage of flexible drive currents. Used to their full potential in well-designed luminaires these technologies can achieve energy savings in excess of 80% on refurbishment projects. In addition, the S/P ratio properties of these white light sources enable lighting levels to be lowered in certain applications & countries, such as residential areas, thus saving further energy & emissions. LED can last longer compare to other conventional light sources with correct thermal management. When combined with lighting controls that dim & provide feedback as well as the longer life of LED light sources, impact on maintenance demands & costs can be notable, lessens the need for night-time scouting, & lessens need to change lamps. Lighting design software’s, helps calculate savings quickly & assess the life cycle cost of a project. Emphasis on sustainable practices is required, such as designing products to last longer, to use materials that can be recycled & easily dismantled at the end of life, & to minimize the use of toxic materials & packaging.

Comfort

Lighting to suit modern transport routes is not just about delivering optimum levels of light for effective performance & energy saving. The right light can generate feelings of safety, reduce stress, increase focus & orientation, improve confidence & provide reassurance. Today’s LED luminaires are not limited by the traditional design constraints & with the use of digital technology enable the lighting to be adapted to suit the needs of the user.

Outdoor Lighting Controls

All outdoor lighting applications require a control mechanism to enhance energy savings & comfort levels. The most basic is provided by photocells/ time-controlled switches. The swift run-up times of modern light sources enables the user to trim annual burning hours. Many luminaires are now available with integral bi-power switches, a flexible device used in conjunction with the power reduction facilities offered by electronic ballasts & LED drivers. Bi-power enables light source power to be varied by switching between power levels controlled by a dedicated control line/ standalone device within the luminaire, /by mains bourne digital signals. Simplicity with which LED can respond to changes in power underlines their suitability to this form of control. A central management

system (CMS) offers a different dimension. Utilizing either power line/ radio frequency data transmission, it allows control of all the light points of a road network from a centralized/ decentralized point. CMS functions best with lamps optimized for use with digitally controlled electronic ballasts & LED drivers. Some of the benefits area facility to dim/ turn off luminaires at specific times based on pedestrian & traffic flows; Energy use optimization; Flexibility to incident adaptability; Monitor & report failures & streamline maintenance programs, CMS is a basic step in creating intelligent roads as it can integrate with renewable energy & smart grids.

Highways/Motorways

Road lighting should aid its user to travel to their destination safely & securely at high speed, dependant on the prevailing weather & traffic conditions. Any object at the road edge must be seen without excessive & obtrusive light encroaching on the immediate surroundings. It is of prime to select energy efficient, easy to install & maintain luminaire & light source combination. The goal is to meet regulations & standards that specify light levels with correct uniformity & glare control, relevant to the conditions & geography. The Luminaires should offer a choice of body size, shallow/ flat glass enclosures, R-PEC LED optics,

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post-top/ side entry & numerous light sources & control options. This means that the luminaire must provide the best performance regardless of the road layout. Outcome is less spill-light away the road surface with better uniformity & savings in initial expenditure, less energy per meter of road & reduced future maintenance costs. Highways & motorways are designed for high speeds (>60km/h) where no pedestrians, cyclists/ slow vehicles are involved. There are no intersections & access is controlled. Traditional mounting heights are above 12m to correctly light a twin carriageway with 3/ 4 lanes, plus a hard shoulder at either side. Twin-arm brackets should be considered to optimize performance. Though conventionally, columns have been installed in a central reservation, an opposite installation with columns behind the hard shoulder can simplify maintenance operations & reduce traffic disruption. Glare is a major concern & an optimally designed optic and/or the use of flat glass enclosures are necessary. Luminaires mounted on column ought to be discovered to reduce impact risk, give visual guidance of the route ahead, for instance curves, junctions & other hazards, yet blend effortlessly with the surrounding landscape.

Main Roads

The essential difference between the lighting requirements for high speed roads & main roads is determined by the element of speed & the type of road users. Main roads have a wider variety of road users, increasing the need for visual clarity. Lighting is provided for reasons of safety, to aid navigation & orientation of the user on the road, albeit at a more moderate speed. Roads may not be separated by a central reservation. Consideration also needs to be given to cost efficiency in terms of installation, energy use & maintenance through life and, from the perspective of the driver, the perception of safety through the correct levels of light, uniformity & low glare. Using highly engineered heat sinks integrated into the canopy & combinations of LED optics superior optical performance can be delivered for lighting classes up to ME3a, while providing comfort through good glare control as well as energy efficiency & maintenance cost savings. In most cases it is unsafe to simply switch off the lighting, unless there are times when the roads are completely empty. What is required is from full central control to group dimming, & individual mini-photocell &

bi-power options to ensure optimum energy management, which is rightly the major aim after safety. The main use of main roads is for vehicles at high speed (>60km/h) but pedestrians, cyclists/ slow vehicles may also be present on footpaths, cycle paths & slow lanes. Intersections can be present & need special attention. A common installation will use columns at around 8-12m high & in an opposite/ twin central configuration. Installations always need to be related to the road layout, the number of lanes involved & the lighting criteria. Centenary mounted solutions, where luminaires are mounted over the centre of the road, are popular options in some countries, especially in urban environments. Reducing the number of lighting columns should be balanced with the visual effect of additional suspension wires in architecturally sensitive areas. As for controls the use of dimming, suited in reaction speed to fast moving vehicles & also to smaller slower pedestrians, will either dim automatically when it is known there are less users, / will react directly to traffic density, time of day & daylight.

Minor Roads

A mix of traffic will be found on minor roads including: motor vehicles, cyclists & pedestrians, all of which should be moving at a slower pace. The lighting levels are generally set at lower levels than for major roads as road users should be more attentive & have a longer time to react. The requirements of pedestrians, who need to see & be seen, particularly at intersections & crossings, now become vitally important & light will need to extend from the road across to cycle paths & footpaths. A good vertical element to the lighting distribution will help with facial recognition, reducing the fear of crime but also allowing drivers to read body language with other road users & predict what they are likely to do. White light is preferable, but use of high color temperatures should be avoided. The application performance, energy management & glare control requirements will all help in luminaire & controls selection & the aesthetic may have to tie into the surrounding architectural style & feel. Remember that minor roads may sit within urban environments & light spill behind the luminaire should be limited to those surfaces required by the standards with less onto surrounding property. Where these roads pass though rural zones they may remain unlit

except for safety. In this case linked detection & controls systems can be used to detect oncoming traffic & maximize energy saving while preserving darkness when the road is empty. Minor roads are normally medium to low speed roads with a large number of slow vehicles & pedestrians. Intersections are common. Regional roads & urban roads are mainly part of this group as well as commercial streets. Columns 6-8m high are commonly used in a single sided/ staggered layout, although in some commercial streets with wide footpaths an additional column & luminaire may be used to achieve high quality lighting & differentiate areas. Visual comfort is achieved with good uniformity, low glare & lamps with good color rendering which will promote a feeling of safety, particularly for pedestrians. The luminaires & support systems, which must be carefully located to minimize potential impact, should be in harmony with their surroundings. This will include the impact of dimming/ switching of luminaires on surrounding domestic premises & their occupants.

Residential Roads

Generally residential roads should be lit with light levels & color rendering that enhances the neighborhood & encourages people to go out at night without the fear of crime. Luminaires should have a good spacing window to allow for the considerable number of junctions/ obstacles to column positioning. They should be easy to install, maintain & be resistant to potential vandalism. The luminaires should be energy efficient & reliable in function with lighting controls monitoring their performance, & when necessary bringing failures to the attention of maintenance teams. Care should be taken to ensure light nuisance is not caused

to residential properties, but be aware some residents may be used to light spill providing access & security lighting to their dwelling. Luminaires that accept light guillotines may be necessary where the terrain will cause light through windows. These roads are normally used by low speed mixed traffic where parked vehicles are common & column heights of 6m/ less are frequently chosen. Single sided layouts may be used to reduce installation costs although layouts may vary due to multiple access points to private car parks/ properties. It is more common to light from back of path, allowing free movement to pedestrians, etc. The use of staggered layouts is common when parking lanes & wide footpaths are present. In applications where crime ratios are high & facial recognition is required, vertical & semi-cylindrical luminance classes should be applied & the use of good color rendering lamps to improve perception is recommended. Low glare lanterns should be considered to reduce light trespass onto adjacent residential housing. Vandal & impact resistant luminaires may be required. Lanterns can be themed/ styled to suit the neighborhood road & architectural layout. Lighting controls should dim slowly & avoid nuisance switching.

Pedestrian Crossings

It is important to ensure that all pedestrian crossings are lit to provide a safe route to users across all traffic routes, whether they are routes with heavy volumes of traffic, / relatively rural areas where traffic density is much lower. Specific lighting is recommended to the crossing zone & pedestrian routes leading to the crossing as well as warning signals appropriate to the type of crossing. Lighting levels should generally be increased compared to those of the

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approach road. Dimming/ switching the crossing lighting may be inappropriate. Pedestrian crossings must be as safe in the dark as during the daytime. Safety can be provided by the use of additional signaling & the use of a separate lighting system. Lanterns are normally mounted between 5-6m & require an asymmetric light distribution spreading light from the direction of the approaching traffic over the marked crossing & surrounding area without leaving areas of shadow & dazzling drivers. Care should be taken where traffic can approach from multiple directions. Vertical illuminance should be generous – highlighting pedestrians on & around the crossing. By positioning lighting columns at a distance of 0.5-1.0 times the mounting height from each side of the pedestrian crossing, good positive contrast is achieved in the zone. This will help motorists quickly see pedestrians. Light sources with a different color temperature to the general road lighting will create additional alertness/ signaling effects.

Roundabouts

At roundabouts vehicles converge from many directions. Lighting therefore has to increase awareness & provide guidance to drivers, cyclists & motorcyclists in relation to the geometry of the area & the position of oncoming users. Strategic positioning of luminaires will increase visual guidance as well as safety & highlight upcoming changes in road layout in time for traffic to slow down & navigate the turns safely. Positioning & height should minimize glare, whilst an increase in lighting level, mounting height, a change in light source/ color temperature, can

aid early awareness of a change in road layout. The highest applicable CE class should be used on roundabouts, based upon the highest class of the incoming roads. Access & exit lanes should be highlighted, including a short section of these lanes away from the roundabout. This is to ensure that any obstacles & approaching vehicles are visible. A common technique is to place columns & luminaires around the outside of the roundabout, at spacing no greater to that used for the approaches. Columns can also give guidance to the geometry of the area. For instance, different heights of columns & increased light levels can provide advanced notice for those approaching the area. Lanterns should be easy to install, maintain & clean. They should also be well sealed to maximize their effective life.

Bridges

Bridge lighting may impact the surrounding area/ traffic underneath the bridge widely, depending on what the bridge crosses. The lighting should highlight the direction & form of the bridge & clearly identify the limits of width/ any height restrictions. Where the bridge is historical in nature care should be taken to choose a sympathetically designed lantern, but this should still contain a light source & optics suited to the road deck & traffic type. Particular problems may be encountered with wind loading & the strength of the mounting positions. This coupled with often increased risk for maintenance workers may call for low mounted solutions to be used, typically at less than 0.8m above the deck level to avoid glare to drivers. Entrance roads leading to the bridge itself should be lit accordingly for some distance to enable

drivers to see any hazards/ restrictions & safely navigate across. Where pedestrian access is mixed with vehicles, care should be taken to light the pathway but also to provide sufficient light to head height for drivers to predict movement onto/ across the road. The main objective is to provide a safe environment for traffic and/or pedestrians. At the design stage consideration should be given to the structure of the bridge & the surrounding area, especially landscaped features, approach routes & the proximity of other forms of transport. As the lighting equipment should be sympathetic to the structure the designer needs to consider the common viewing directions before selecting the most suitable system: columns, floodlighting, catenary/ low-level lighting. It is also important to recognize that lighting not only illuminates the task, but can contribute aesthetically. Color should be used with care, but can be effective. Luminaires should be suitable for the environmental conditions as well as the maintenance programmes employed & should be positioned to ease maintenance access. Fixing positions & environmental impact are also important considerations. Occasionally additional navigation & air obstruction lights are required. Lighting of the bridge should connect aesthetically with the surrounding area.

Car Parks

In terms of lighting design, car parks present a particularly challenging brief – finding the acceptable balance between safety issues, security, reduced energy consumption & obtrusive light. White light is generally preferred & specified

by many safer car parking schemes. Care should be taken to provide lighting at an appropriate height & spacing to enable drivers to safely navigate congested routes/ tightly parked vehicles, & at the same time avoid glare. Lighting should be chosen carefully to work with CCTV & other security systems, to minimize dark areas, especially when obstructed by vehicles. It should highlight areas with particular driving hazards/ provide vertical emphasis, for example entrance areas, ramps, ticket machine & emergency exit routes. Particular care should be taken over obtrusive light where car parks are multi-storey/ in sensitive environmental zones. Lighting levels should be suited to vehicles as well as pedestrians & may need to be increased in areas designed for the disabled. The speed & direction of the movement of users within the space is an important consideration. A common approach is to use 6-12m lighting columns, either on the edge of the car park/ centrally mounted to provide a good level of horizontal & vertical luminance at ground level. Care must be taken to avoid spill light onto adjacent housing/ transportation routes. Supplementary lighting at entrance barriers & exits can help aid color & perception. All lighting equipment should be IP&IK rated for environmental conditions & vandal resistance. Units should also utilize lighting controls to conserve energy. Mounting & maintenance access should be carefully considered where parking is multi-storey. EM

Implementation of Modern Revolutionary Live Line Maintenance Techniques in Power Transmission & Distribution Sector.

Abstract

The ever-increasing demand for electric energy reflecting on national productivity and economy necessitates higher requirements as regards reliability in transmission and distribution of electrical energy. Increasing complexity of transmission networks coupled with inter-regional/ inter state ties transporting huge quantum of power and less redundancy in the transmission system has rendered shut downs on transmission line/substations almost impossible, thus resulting in the need for live line techniques. It is obvious that for system stability and for ensuring quality of power supply to the consumers, an almost uninterrupted availability if transmission lines is required. The need gets further reinforced considering the fact that the use of electricity has grown phenomenally over the years in all sectors like domestic, agricultural, industrial etc. Providing redundancy in transmission lines though could be a solution, which

however is quite costly and therefore preventive maintenance deploying live line Maintenance Technique (LLMT), proves to be the best solutions for power T & D utilities.

Indian utilities have prominently adopted live line working for transmission lines and switchyards, more number of young technicians and engineers had undergone the live line training and they are utilizing the skills audaciously.

During these previous two decades, we have seen the introduction of puncture insulator detector (PID) equipment, insulated modular scaffold assembly and insulated aerial work platform in India. This is a great privilege for the various power utilities of Transmission & Distribution Sector adopted this hot line Techniques worldwide.

Keywords: - Electrical Engineering, Hotline, Insulated aerial work Platform, Bare Hand Method (BHM), T & D, LLMT.

T & d

METHODS OF HOT LINE MAINTENANCE : -

With an increasing number of UHV transmission lines & Switchyard being commissioned in India with higher potential; this is a decisive phase to advance our present live line working capabilities well within time as the vast 765 kV transmission network established in recent years and it will definitely demand attention after some years. Most of these transmission networks are based upon the TBCB model and the revenue is directly linked to availability with strict regulatory monitoring. Under this scenario, options of uninterrupted maintenance technologies must be explored by all the leading transmission companies.

In an electrical engineering, live-line working, also known as hotline maintenance & working on shut down off condition is known as Cold line maintenance ,often operating at high voltage, while the equipment is energized. Although this is more hazardous for personnel than working on electrical equipment with the power off, live-line maintenance techniques are used in the electric power distribution industry to avoid the disruption and high economic costs of having to turn off power to customers to perform essential periodic maintenance on transmission lines and Substations, working on shut down off condition on line is known as Cold Line Maintenance which is used in Transmission & Distribution Sector as a Preventive Measure.

Hotline work can be classified into given below methods as follows:(a) Hot Stick Method:- In this method the lineman will be at ground potential working with Hot Sticks (Live line tools) keeping safe clearance from the line by using the Conductive Suit & Hot line Tools.

(b) Bare Hand Method:- In this method the linemen will be working at line same potential as Conductor, keeping safe clearance from ground. From this insulated suit made of 25% microscopic stainless steel and 75% Nomex shall be used.

(c) Combination of both Hot Stick and Bare Hand Method: This method is used for special application to overcome the constraints in tower top geometry.

(d) Insulating Glove or Rubber Glove Working: Gloves protect the worker from exposure to the live part being worked upon sometimes referred to as the 1st point of contact; the point where current would enter the body should an inadvertent contact be made. Covers of insulating material such as blankets and line hose are employed in rubber glove working to protect the worker from exposure to a part at a different potential sometimes referred to as the 2nd point of contact; the point where current would leave the body should an inadvertent contact be made. Most utilities require work to be performed from an insulating platform to provide isolation from earth/ ground potential hence the term "insulate and isolate".

(e) Hot Line Washing :- The Live line Insulators washing of Line & Substation by pressurized demineralized water with resistivity more than 30,000ohms is used for the washing of insulators on line with the safe distance of 6.1 meter for the 400kV an d 4.57m for the 220kv,Crew will work on the ground potential. A poly plastic nylon reinforced nonconductive hose is handled by the crew on tower with proper earthing.

f) Insulated Aerial Work Platform:- The Insulated Bucket Truck is used for live line working is an extraordinary tool and exceptionally safe and highly efficient to perform more number of tasks per day. Further, productivity and safety of a Live Line Crew will be increased manifold by using Aerial Insulated platform. The high access work platforms that is build for electric utility construction and maintenance are engineered for productivity, reliability, performance, speed and safety and user friendly high reach aerial lifts include a broad range of equipment, by using this fast fault rectification can be done.

Different potential sometimes referred to as the 2nd point of contact; the point where current would leave the body should an inadvertent contact be made. Most utilities

require work to be performed from an insulating platform to provide isolation from earth/ground potential hence the term "insulate and isolate".

(e) Hot Line Washing:- The Live line Insulators washing of Line & Substation by pressurized demineralized water with resistivity more than 30,000ohms is used for the washing of insulators on line with the safe distance of 6.1 meter for the 400kV an d 4.57m for the 220kv,Crew will work on the ground potential. A poly plastic nylon reinforced nonconductive hose is handled by the crew on tower with proper earthing.

f) Insulated Aerial Work Platform:- The Insulated Bucket Truck is used for live line working is an extraordinary tool and exceptionally safe and highly efficient to perform more number of tasks per day. Further, productivity and safety of a Live Line Crew will be increased manifold by using Aerial Insulated platform. The high access work platforms that is build for electric utility construction and maintenance are engineered for productivity, reliability, performance, speed and safety and user friendly high reach aerial lifts include a broad range of equipment, by using this fast fault rectification can be done.

T & d

HOT LINE OPERATIONS in Transmission lines & Substations is below:-

Some of the hot line maintenance operations that can be carried out are given below: -

For Lines :-

i) Changing of insulators

ii) Changing of hardware components ,spacers & dampers, application of repair sleev,Maintainance and replacement of mid span joint.

iii) Replacement/Repair of damaged sections of conductor

Testing of insulators (one line insulator tester (PID)

v) Tension string replacement

Changing of cross -arm (for HV Systems)

Changing of poles

line washing

ix) Jumper online tightening & Nut - Bolt changing) strengthening of dead end hardware.

Replacement of Arcing horn and Corona ring hardware.

For Substations or Switchyard.:-

i) Insulator Testing strings replacement ,Live line washing of switchyard insulators, Change out

of jumper and pilot insulator string.ii) Various rectification on Switchyard bus, extension of main bus, Connection of new bays and feeder. Nut-Bolt changing.

ii) Isolators maintenance and replacement ,Bypass connection in case of urgency, Lubrication of energized rotating mechanism, Attending various hot spots of Switchyard.

iii) In switchyard Insulators, The PID equipment Testing has meticulously redefined the insulator diagnostic process and subsequently assisted the transmission system engineers to comprehend failure of transmission lines and analyze the behavior of insulators. The computerized graphical output for each insulator string is very handy to determine the maintenance strategy for a specific transmission line, more economically and timely by well utilizing the available resources.

iv) An insulated modular scaffold system is being prominently used to work on energized bus-bars of Switchyard and equipment nowadays live line working is well accepted throughout the country and world.

Live line compression crimping, bus-bar repairs and maintenance of isolator’s switching contacts in EHV switchyards Launching linemen on live wires becomes extremely easy, safe and effective by the robotic arm of this truck mounted platform.

With an increasing number of UHV transmission lines being commissioned in India with higher potential; this is a decisive phase to advance our present live line working capabilities well within time as the vast 765 kV transmission network established in recent years and it will definitely demand attention after some years. Most of these transmission networks are based upon the TBCB model and the revenue is directly linked to availability with strict regulatory monitoring. Under this scenario, options of uninterrupted maintenance technologies must be explored by all the leading transmission companies.

Advantages of Hot line Techniques: -

a) Uninterrupted maintenance of transmission system and reduction in technical losses.

b) Safe and practical technique to allow continuous flow of power supply.

c) To save regulatory penalty and to prevent costly outages and forced outages.

d) Early attention to the transmission system problems.

e) Reduction in technical losses.

f) Suitable use of manpower as the live line work is performed every day.

g) Savings of huge expenditure incurred in breakdowns.

h) Increased availability and reliability of transmission lines. By overseeing the major expansion of our transmission system and in view of entering of private players in transmission sector during recent years, we shall look forward and adopt the modern techniques of maintaining for transmission system to put at par with the Global trend of maintenance techniques. The adoption of such a new live line working technology will definitely reduce the interruptions and increase the availability of transmission system which is vital to generate more revenue and maintaining the stable grid.

T & d

Insulated Aerial bucket

Photographs.

Specific Challenges & Advancement: -

It requires deeper study of stringent electrical and mechanical characteristics of transmission lines. Deep analysis of transient over voltage (TOV) and diverse switching surges will become more significant in determining protective equipment and potential approach distances. Further, dimensions of insulator string yoke plates, hardware and insulators will require redesigning various live line tools and equipment. After theoretical calculations, 3-D graphic models of live line tools are necessitated to analyze the compatibility with line hardware by the team of experts to look into each electrical and mechanical phenomenon. These newly developed tools must be tested according to the standard procedures described in various international standards.

Moreover, with every changed design of insulator and hardware, the entire procedure shall be repeated. The skilled manpower is also not available for operating Hot Line tools the proper training will be provide to working Technicians & Engineers on hot Line maintenance.

NEW TRENDS IN HOT LINE: -

1. By integrating maintenance aspects into the structure design at planning stage rather than as afterthoughts, safety and efficiency can increase. Clearances can be preestablished, and working ease can be assured through scaled layouts utilizing human factor considerations. This should encompass the structures, insulators, hardware and tools to be used and the approach interfaces of these with the line workers (accessibility, steps, hand holds, platforms, attachments, weight, visibility, etc.).

2. Nowadays there are several different telerobotic systems for live-line maintenance being developed around the world. Each of these systems is specially designed to fulfill a series of requirements for the application they are suited for. In order to fulfill these requirements the designers had to cope with different solutions and approaches, some specific of their application and others of general relevance for all the systems. The solutions taken define the practical and efficient use of the telerobotic system, and have to be taken with care, being fairly conservative but always looking what would be needed in the future.

3. The latest techniques also employ helicopters, useful where transmission lines traverse inaccessible terrain or where a bucket truck would damage crops or don’t have the access road for the insulated truck.

CONCLUSIONS: -

The live-line working, also known as hotline maintenance, is the maintenance of electrical equipment, This paper strive on various hot line methods on Transmission line Maintenance and EHV substation maintenance methods by the government utilities and many private parties globally . The efforts made to highlight the present maintenance techniques and advanced development of maintenance technology based on predictive maintenance & monitoring of line for future perspective. Paper also shows the insulated aerial Work platform Aerial devices and how it is game changer for the Line Maintenance of EHV Transmission Line & substation Advance useful maintenance techniques with the advanced development. To provide the interrupted power to the Customers to avoid the forced shutdowns costly outages, Increase of Substation & Transmission lines to safeguard the interconnected grid network. This paper has discussed the live line maintenance Considering the fact that system availability can be greatly increased keeping the revenue loss due to shutdowns and inconvenience to customers to a minimum, Live line maintenance has proved to be a must choice for Power utilities.

At the same time it must be kept in mind that electricity is hazardous and strict Regulations for live working and

rigid adherence to protocols must be ensured.

REFERENCES

(1) “International Conference on Global Trends in Signal Processing, Information Computing and Communication”EHVAC Transmission Lines Maintenance Techniques in Indian Perspective ” - A ,2016.

(2) Review”.978-1-5090-0467-6/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE New Techniques and Approaches for Live Wire Maintenance of Transmission Lines, IJRASET, Volume 3 Issue VI, June 2015, ISSN: 2321-965

(3) Products catalogue on Live Line Work Techniques by M/s Madhav engineers Pvt.Ltd.

(4) Manual for Maintenance of transmission lines by CBI. EM

Mr.Harshal Malewar is a graduate in Electrical Engineering from Govt.College of Engineering Chandrapur, Maharashtra, Nagpur university in 2006 & has correspondence MBA in Power Management & Operations in 2010.He is Certified Chartered Engg from Institute of Engineers India. He has experience of 15 years in the Power Transmission & Distribution with various power sectors companies such as RECTPCL, MSETCL, Sunflag Steel & Power, Jyoti Structures Ltd and Currently working in NETCL(POWERGRID & OTPC JV,6 NER States ) .He has good diversified exposure in Project Monitoring, Contracts & Procurement. Project Management, O &M and Construction of EHV Substations & Transmission Lines. He has authored & co-authored technical papers in various National and International forums like CBIP & CIGRE, Published various papers on national journals of power sector.

Mr.Harshal Malewar

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