IBPSA News Vol 33 No 2

volume 33 number 2

FEATURES

SOFTWARE NEWS CALENDAR OF EVENTS plus

Oct 2023

ibpsaNEWS www.ibpsa.org

Notes from BS 2023, three approaches to remote learning and experiential teaching, progress on IBPSA Project 2, and NASA’s POWER Project: Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources from DesignBuilder, Trane Technologies, Climate.OneBuilding.org & Oikolab 11 conferences and other events for your diary Ask A Modeler Q&A, a list of the latest papers published in the Journal of Building Performace Simulation, and Calls for Papers for two Special Issues

The newsletter of the International Building Performance Simulation Association

ISSN 1993-8586

Contents President’s message Notes from BS 2023 Best of ‘Ask a Modeler’: BEM practitioners share tips and updates Transforming Education: Remote learning & experiential teaching POWER: NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources IBPSA Project 2: Building Optimization Testing Framework (BOPTEST)

3 5 16 19 26 30

Forthcoming events

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Calendar 2024 ASHRAE Winter Conference SimBuild 2024: Celebrating Two Decades of SimBuild eSim 2024: Stimulating Sustainability Together BSA 2024: IBPSA-Italy’s 6th Building Simulation Applications Conference CLIMA 2025: Buildings for the climate of the future BS 2025: 19th IBPSA International Conference & Exhibition

Software news

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DesignBuilder news: v7.3 Beta released, weather data, and ASHRAE Award 41 TRACE 3D Plus meets Spawn: integrating building models with controls 43 Updated Canadian & Uruguay datasets on Climate Data Climate.OneBuilding.Org 45 Oikolab’s ERA5 Reanalysis data 46

About IBPSA

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IBPSA on social media Benefits of Supporting Membership Affiliates Committee chairs & contacts

Books by IBPSA Fellows

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Building Performance Analysis (Wiley, 2018) Building Performance Basics (Amazon KDP, 2022) Building Performance Simulation for Design & Operation Fundamentals of Building Performance Simulation

Journal of Building Performance Simulation

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Journal of Building Performance Simulation: recent papers 54 Journal of Building Performance Simulation: Calls for Papers for Special Issues 60 Journal of Building Performance Simulation: Journal metrics 62

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President’s message

President’s message Dear IBPSA Colleagues and Friends

The International Building Performance Simulation Association exists to advance and promote the science of building performance simulation in order to improve the design, construction, operation and maintenance of new and existing buildings worldwide.

President & Director at Large Dru Crawley Bentley Systems dbcrawley@gmail.com Vice-President & Director at Large Pieter De Wilde University of Strathclyde, UK pieter.dewilde@strath.ac.uk Secretary & Director at Large Carrie Brown carrie@resourcerefocus.com Treasurer Wangda Zuo Pennsylvania State University, USA wangda.zuo@psu.edu Directors-at-Large: Charles “Chip” Barnaby chipbarnaby@gmail.com Andrea Gasparella andrea.gasparella@unibz.it Matthias Haase mathaase@gmail.com Christina Hopfe C.J.Hopfe@tugraz.at Danielle Monfet Danielle.Monfet@etsmtl.ca Clarice Bleil de Souza bleildesouzac@cardiff.ac.uk Immediate Past President & Director-at-Large Lori McElroy University of Strathclyde, UK lori.mcelroy@strath.ac.uk

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What a wild weather year… we didn’t see warm temperatures (above 38oC / 100oF) in Washington, DC until September (normally in July/August). This while the rest of the world was seeing exceptionally high temperatures – including Antarctica and global records above 50oC / 122oF in many places.

Back to IBPSA – as you probably saw, we held our annual election over August/ September, selecting 5 directors-at-large as well as 11 affiliate directors. Five directorsat-large were re-elected. Let’s welcome new affiliate directors Neveen Hamza (IBPSAEngland, Newcastle University), Vishal Garg (IBPSA-India, Plaksha University), Paul O’Sullivan (IBPSA-Ireland, Munster Technological University), and Yohei Yamaguchi (IBPSA-Japan, Osaka University). The full list of members of your board is at www. ibpsa.org/board-of-directors.

Also, of note – IBPSA-Germany(+Austria) and IBPSA-Switzerland recently merged to form the new IBPSA-DACH (German-speaking affiliate).

If you haven’t looked at the IBPSA Publications web page, you should. It’s now completely indexed with DOIs, PDFs, and organized by conference: https:// publications.ibpsa.org. Congratulations and thanks to the Publications committee for their hard work in pulling together the hundreds of papers and thousands of pages of Building Simulation and Regional Conference proceedings.

Speaking of conferences, I was happy to be able to participate in Building Simulation 2023 in Shanghai in early September. It was fantastic to see friends and colleagues post-Covid. Great attendance – both in person and in online-only sessions scheduled for Europe/Africa as well as North American time zones. See the Building Simulation 2023 organizers’ report on page 5. I want to extend personal thanks to Prof. Yiqun Pan, Conference Chair; Prof. Da Yan, Conference Co-chair; Prof. Borong Lin, Scientific Chair; and Prof. Jun Gao, Scientific Co-chair; on behalf of IBPSA for all their hard work. And particularly thanks to IBPSA-China and to Tongji University and Tsinghua University for allowing these and many others to support the conference. The result was a very successful conference!

At Building Simulation 2023, we announced three awards – Lori McElroy, Distinguished Achievement; Sen Huang, Outstanding Young Contributor; and Rebecca Ward, Godfried Augenbroe Award. 12 new IBPSA Fellows were also recognized in Shanghai - Adrian Chong, Bing Dong, Jing Liu, Michaël Kummert, Zoltan Nagy, Sukumar Natarajan, Masaya Okumiya, Yoshiyuki Shimoda, Liangzhu Wang, Monika Woloszyn, Fu Xiao and Yanping Yuan.

volume 33 number 2

President’s message

Next year, look for regional conferences. I’m already aware of announcements from IBPSA-USA (SimBuild, May 2024), IBPSA-Ireland (Student Research Symposium, May 2024), IBPSA-Nordic (BuildSim-Nordic, June 2024), IBPSA-Italy (Building Simulation Applications, June 2024), IBPSA- Canada (eSim, June 2024), and IBPSA-DACH (BauSim, September 2024). I’m sure we’ll soon be hearing about upcoming ASim (Australasia) as well as U-Sim (Scotland) conferences.

And time to start planning for our next international conference, Building Simulation 2025, in Brisbane, Australia in August 2025: https://bs2025.org Reminder – all IBPSA board and committee meetings are open. We have our Annual General Meeting of the IBPSA membership on 27th October in Dublin. This will be followed by a board meeting on the 27th and 28th. For more info, watch the IBPSA web page. If you are interested and can participate in regular committee meetings, please contact the committee chair (see the website www.ibpsa.org/contacts for specific contacts).

Check out the forthcoming calendar of events on page 35. Also, of note in this issue of the newsletter is the article on Transforming Education: Innovations in Remote Learning and Experiential Teaching of Building Performance Simulation on page 19.

Other useful items include software updates, book announcements, and the open calls for submissions to two special issues of the Journal of Building Performance Simulation.

I look forward to seeing more of the IBPSA community over this next year.

Dru Crawley President IBPSA

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Notes from BS 2023

Notes from BS 2023 Simulation shapes the better future: A conference of simulation for low carbon design, operation and city Yiqun Pan and Da Yan, Conference Chairs

IBPSA’s 18th International Conference and Exhibition (Building Simulation 2023, BS2023) was held in Shanghai from 4 to 6 September 2023, hosted by Tongji University and Tsinghua University with endorsement from the regional affiliate, IBPSA-China. Professor Yiqun Pan and Professor Da Yan, conference chairs, together with the BS2023 organizing committee, created an efficient, interactive, warm, and safe event.

BS2023 was a hybrid event with a total of 650 attendees from more than 40 countries and regions (441 onsite and 209 online participants). It was one of the largest IBPSA conferences in IBPSA history and the largest international academic conference in the building energy domain in China since the pandemic. Focusing on the theme of Simulation for the low-carbon design/operation/city, this conference included 5 keynote speeches, 19 invited speeches, 68 parallel sessions (43 physical and 25 virtual) and 8 workshops (6 physical and 2 virtual), covering 474 oral presentations (266 onsite and 208 online) and 48 poster presentations related to diverse hot topics in the building simulation field including performance-driven design, smart building systems, modeling for the digital world, simulating future metropolis, human-centered simulation/design and so on. The 3-day conference provided a platform for participants to share their latest academic and research progress, including cutting-edge technologies and innovation in building simulation for low-carbon design, operation, and city development.

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Notes from BS 2023

Conference Review The conference began with a warm welcoming reception and cocktail in the coffee bar at the conference hotel on Sunday evening.

DAY 1 - 04 September The first full day opened with a welcome from the organizers Yiqun Pan (conference chair) and Da Yan (conference co-chair), who provided information on the conference and the venue. The opening address was given by Professor Zhiqiang Wu, representing the host - Tongji University, who first welcomed scholars from all over the world to visit China, and by IBPSA’s president, Drury Crawley, who introduced the organization and its mission.

The first keynote speech was given by Zhiqiang Wu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a Tongji University professor. Zhiqiang Wu gave an engaging and timely presentation From Cities to Buildings: Digital Tracking for Carbon Neutrality, emphasizing the city’s decarbonization pathway and the inseparable role of individual buildings in it.

The second keynote speaker was Qingyan Chen, chair professor of building thermal science from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the Editor-in-Chief of Building and Environment, whose talk on Simulations of Airborne Disease Transmissions in Enclosed Environments analyzed ways to effectively protect people from airborne diseases in enclosed environments such as an airplane cabin.

The first virtual keynote speech was given in the evening by Tianzhen Hong.

Tianzhen Hong, a senior scientist in the Building Technology and Urban Systems Division of LBNL, focused his presentation on the nexus of building decarbonization regarding sufficiency, energy efficiency, demand flexibility and climate resiliency.

The day concluded with the conference banquet in the ballroom, with elaborate performances, gifts and toasts to celebrate this wonderful building simulation event and the hard-won biennial gathering.

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Notes from BS 2023

DAY 2 - 05 September The second day commenced with the IBPSA award ceremony, where IBPSA announced its new fellows and awardees. Lori McElroy received the IBPSA Distinguished Achievement Award, Sen Huang received the IBPSA Outstanding Young Contributor Award, and Rebecca Ward received the IBPSA Godfried Augenbroe Award, a new award in honor of the late Professor Godfried Augenbroe, recognizing a recent outstanding PhD thesis on the topic of building performance simulation. Finally, 12 people were recognized for their contributions to the field over many years by being made IBPSA Fellows and 5 people received Student Travel Awards for their excellent work in building simulation. In addition, the 2022-2023 Best Paper Award of the Journal of Building Performance Simulation was given to Clotilde Pierson, Marielle P.J. Aarts, and Marilyne Andersen for their co-authored paper Validation of spectral simulation tools in the context of ipRGC-influenced light responses of building occupants. The awardees are listed on the following pages. Congratulations to all!

On the evening of 05 September, Lori McElroy, professor of Smart, Resilient Cities in the Department of Architecture at the University of Strathclyde, gave the second virtual keynote speech, Building Performance Simulation: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing World, highlighting the future development of building simulation technology.

After a full day of academic communication, the conference provided the participants with a great opportunity to relax and enjoy the great view of Shanghai – the Huangpu Night River Cruise. The 2-hour cruise tour along the Huangpu River offered a unique view of the distinctive contrasts between classical European architecture and soaring modern skyscrapers from the two sides of the Huangpu River. It was a captivating journey and an unforgettable night for all the participants along the shimmering waters of the Huangpu River, as the iconic lights on the Bund in Shanghai illuminated the night sky.

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Notes from BS 2023

DAY 3 - 06 September The third and final day started with keynote speaker Mattheos Santamouris, professor from the University of New South Wales and the Editor-in-Chief of Energy and Buildings. Professor Santamouris delivered a speech on Regional and Global Overheating and its Impact on Human Beings, focusing on the relationship between increasingly severe global warming and changes in human physiological and psychological activities.

Finally, the conference ended with the closing ceremony, where the BS2023 Awards for the Student Modeling Competition, Best Poster and Best Student Paper were announced as summarized on the following pages. At the closing ceremony, conference chairs Yiqun Pan and Da Yan gave a full review of the conference from its preparation through to its culmination on the final day. The hard work, collaboration, determination, resilience, and unwavering commitment of the whole organizing committee enabled the conference to achieve an excellent outcome. The chairs expressed their sincere thanks to all the participants, sponsors, co-organizers and volunteers who contributed to this. Finally, Quentin Jackson, the current IBPSA Australasia President and the Building Simulation 2025 Conference Chair, sent a cordial greeting to all the participants and warmly welcomed everyone to Brisbane for the next IBPSA event in 2025.

In parallel with the presentations, the conference also organized visits for participants to the Shanghai Tower, Disney Resort Energy Center, and the Student Center of Tongji University, focusing on the energy-saving and low-carbon design of building energy systems.

Such demonstration projects provide the most convincing scientific basis for the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction in the building sector to mitigate climate change.

The 3-day conference ended far too soon, but we believe that by creating an environment that encourages the expression of new ideas and sowing the seeds of continued creative impact, it will bring some lasting benefits. As we bid farewell to this event, let us not forget the bonds we have forged and the friendships we have made. As we look to the future, let us carry forward the spirit of this event. Let us continue to push the boundaries of our potential, explore new frontiers, and strive for excellence in everything we do. The lessons we have learned, the connections we have made, and the inspiration we have gained will guide us towards a brighter tomorrow, so let us use them to shape a better, more inclusive, and prosperous future!

Albums, posters, and recordings are available on the BS2023 website at https://bs2023.org/gallery, and proceedings will be soon available on the IBPSA website at https://publications.ibpsa.org .

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Notes from BS 2023

IBPSA Awards 2023

IBPSA Distinguished Achievement Award Presented to Lori McElroy (above left), this award recognizes her ‘distinguished record of contributions to the field of building performance simulation over a long period’.

IBPSA Outstanding Young Contributor Award This award recognizes an individual at the beginning of their career ‘who has demonstrated potential for significant contributions to the field of building performance simulation’: Sen Huang (centre) IBPSA Godfried Augenbroe Award This new award, in honor of the late Professor Godfried Augenbroe, was presented to Rebecca Ward (above right) to recognize her ‘outstanding PhD thesis on the topic of building performance simulation’.

New IBPSA Fellows 2023 IBPSA Fellowships are awarded to members who have attained distinction in the field of building performance simulation (or in the allied arts or sciences), by either the teaching of major courses in said arts and sciences, or by way of research, simulation code development, original work, or the application of building simulation on projects of a significant scope. The recipients in 2023 are:

Adrian Chong

Bing Dong

Jing Liu

Michaël Kummert

Zoltan Nagy

Sukumar Natarajan

Masaya Okumiya

Yoshiyuki Shimoda

Liangzhu Wang

Monika Woloszyn

Fu Xiao

Yanping Yuan

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Notes from BS 2023

Student Travel Award In BS2023, IBPSA continues to award students with excellent work in building simulation and sponsor their trips to the conference:

Blair Birdsell

Amr Auf Hamada

Yu Li

Maria Coral Ness

Chengnan Shi

JBPS Best Paper Award (2022-2023) The Journal of Building Performance Simulation (JBPS) is the official journal of IBPSA and has been published since 2008. Every second year the Journal of Building Performance Simulation bestows the “best paper” award to the authors of an article that has been published over the preceding two years. The 2022-2023 Best Paper Award of Journal of Building Performance Simulation was given to Clotilde Pierson, Marielle P.J. Aarts, and Marilyne Andersen for their co-authored paper Validation of spectral simulation tools in the context of ipRGC-influenced light responses of building occupants.

Student Modelling Competition To provide direct engagement and participation opportunities for student members, BS2023 organized a Student Modelling Competition as a crucial part of the conference. This year’s competition program aimed to design and optimize a nearly net zero carbon emission building using Building Performance Simulation.

The building for analysis was the Student Activity Center of Tongji University, located in Jiading Campus, Shanghai. It synthesizes multiple functional spaces within a promenade circulation. Experimenting with the idea of thermal-dynamic architecture, it also provides an opportunity for natural ventilation by linking different prototype units. Participating teams were encouraged to use active measures (such as photovoltaic, battery storage, charging pile or ice storage) and passive measures (such as fluctuating room temperature, thermal storage in walls, controllable lighting, and other demand side management) for carbon reduction in the operation phase.

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In total, 20 young and energetic teams from 14 institutes spanning 7 countries in Asia, Africa, America, and Europe participated in this competition and 2 teams were selected as finalists.

Eventually, the CEPT team from India emerged as the winner of this year’s competition. Two Highly Commended prizes are awarded to the DTU+PolyU joint team (group) and Juan Manuel Gavieiro (individual) from Argentina. The organizers would like to thank all participants for their efforts and creations in this modeling project, and would also like to express their appreciation to Prof. Christina Hopfe and Dr. Xin Zhou for organizing the competition, and to our panel members: Mary Myla Andamon, Eleonora Brembilla, Francesca Cappelletti, Jianlin Liu, Wei Tian, Zhun Yu, and Wangda Zuo for their valuable insights. Special thanks to Prof.

Linxue Li for sharing this project and its underlying design philosophy.

Winner: Team CEPT Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) University, India

Arjita Gupta Debanjana Das Mohammed Umar Mohi Saxena with IBPSA President Dru Crawley

Highly Commended (group): Team DTU + PolyU Technical University of Denmark The Hong Kong Polytechnic

Reza Mokhtari (DTU) Hanbei Zhang (PolyU) Wei Liao (PolyU) Rongling Li (DTU)

Highly Commended (individual): Juan Manuel Gavieiro Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Juan Manuel Gavieiro

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Notes from BS 2023

Winner: Team CEPT

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Notes from BS 2023

Highly Commended (group): Team DTU + PolyU

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Notes from BS 2023

Highly Commended (individual): Juan Manuel Gavieiro

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Notes from BS 2023

BS2023 Award for the Best Poster n Predicting air infiltration and window state in residential dorms using deep neural networks coupled with EnergyPlus Pratik Raj Pandey, Nina Sharifi, Bing Dong Syracuse University

BS2023 Awards for the Best Student Papers n Pricing scheme design for vehicle-to-grid considering customers risk-aversive behaviors Yi Ju University of California, Berkeley

n Occupancy based optimization of energy-saving control method for indoor heating equipment in exhibition hall buildings RuoXi Liu Southeast University

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Best of ‘Ask a Modeler’’

Best of ‘Ask a Modeler’: BEM practitioners share tips and updates ‘Ask a Modeler’ is an advice column for the building simulation community. Each month, a question posed by the IBPSA community is answered by recognized building professionals to get their expert perspectives. The Ask a Modeler Subcommittee’s mission is to disseminate building energy modeling (BEM) ideas and knowledge by bringing world-class BEM experts, practitioners, and enthusiasts to an accessible, curated advice column.

Below, we are reprinting a recent question and answer from this column. For everything from updating energymodeling software to strategic advice for leveling-up your BEM career, you can find it here!

How do you model novel or atypical envelope materials or assemblies?

— Loves the Leading Edge Dear Leading Edge, Energy modeling is a critical tool in evaluating the performance of new envelope technologies under diverse sets of conditions – building type, operation, climate conditions, and others.

Laboratory testing of envelope technologies is typically limited in scale and often performed under a prescribed set of standard conditions. Field testing is usually expensive, may still be limited in scale and can really be performed only under a handful of operational and climate conditions.

The properties of traditional envelope technologies like cavity insulation and exterior rigid insulation are well understood and captured within various building energy modeling tools.

Kaushik Biswas, PhD However, there are emerging technologies for envelope applications, like vacuum insulation panels (VIPs), passive energy storage via phase change materials (PCMs), anisotropic materials, Senior Engineer, GTI Energy kbiswas@gti.energy etc., that need additional consideration.

For this column, I’ll focus on my experience with characterizing VIPs in envelope applications for modeling and simulations. VIPs are made of a micro- or nano-porous core material – typically fumed silica and fiberglass – that is evacuated and encapsulated within a sealed barrier film.[1] The combination of the micro-/nano-porosity and vacuum provide VIPs an ultra-low thermal conductivity, at least 10x less than traditional fibrous or foam insulation. The rated conductivity of VIPs is what is known as the center-of-panel (COP) conductivity, i.e., the central portion of the VIP that coincides with the evacuated core and is sufficiently away from the edges. However, the performance of an envelope assembly containing VIPs needs to consider the “effective” conductivity of VIPs, which includes the heat transfer along the high-conductivity barrier film along the edges of the VIPs. VIP with a polymer based barrier film (produced by NanoPore Inc)

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When modeling an envelope assembly containing VIPs, it is not realistic to explicitly model the heat transfer through the VIPs’ barrier films due to orders-of-magnitude difference in their length scales. The dimensions of the modeled envelope assembly can span a meter or several meters, while the thickness of the barrier film is of the order of 10-100 µm, so a ratio of >=104 in largest to smallest dimension that would need to be modeled.

Instead, there are several methods of approximating the impact of the barrier films on the effective thermal conductivity of VIPs. The simplest is to refer to available literature on measurements and numerical studies focused on VIPs. For example, Sprengard and Holm (2014)[2] performed detailed numerical analysis of the heat flows along the VIP edges for two different VIP sizes and several barrier film configurations. They noted that the effective conductivity of the VIPs can increase by 2% to 65% due to the “edge effects” depending on the VIP size and barrier film type. In general, the impact of edge effects is larger in smaller VIPs. A more assembly-specific method is to combine small-scale measurements of VIPs and VIP assemblies with analytical methods to estimate the effective conductivity or thermal resistance of VIPs and apply them for modeling larger envelope assemblies. This is what our team did in 2017[3], where we measured the heat flows across multiple small-scale (0.61 m × 0.61 m) VIP assemblies in a multi-transducer heat flow meter apparatus (HFMA). This HFMA was equipped with thirteen 5.1 cm × 5.1 cm heat flux transducers which measured the heat flow through different sections of the VIP assemblies – COP areas, interfaces with two VIP edges, an interface with one VIP edge and two VIP corners, and an interface with four VIP corners. These measurements were combined with analytical calculations to estimate the effective conductivity of the VIPs. These calculations were then extrapolated to larger (2.44 m × 2.44 m) test wall assemblies containing VIPs to numerically estimate the overall thermal resistance of the test wall. The numerical estimations matched the test wall resistance measurements within 8-18%.

Sample heat flow measurements through different sections of a VIP assembly

In 2019[4], I also developed a finite element model using a “thin layer” feature in COMSOL to model the heat flows through the barrier films of VIPs within the 0.61 m × 0.61 m VIP assemblies noted above. By running parametric simulations and error minimization compared to the HFMA measurements, a set of barrier film properties (thickness and conductivity) were determined. The barrier film properties combined with the COP measurements of the VIP were used to model a 2.44 m × 2.44 m test wall assembly containing VIPs. In this case, the modeled test wall resistance was within 4.7% of the measured thermal resistance. These estimations of the effective thermal resistance of VIPs can then be used in whole-building energy modeling tools like EnergyPlus.

As a general cautionary note, care is needed when extrapolating the results of the effective VIP conductivities to different scenarios. Some obvious things to note are the core materials and VIP dimensions. The core material has a significant impact on the initial and long-term performance of VIPs. Fiberglass VIPs tend to have a lower initial thermal conductivity than silica VIPs. However, the conductivity of fiberglass VIPs rises sharply with any [1] https://vipa-international.org/features-of-vips [2] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.03.027 [3] https://vipa-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Abstrack-book-complet-BDcoul-1.pdf [4] Energies 2018, 11, 2228; doi:10.3390/en11092228

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Best of ‘Ask a Modeler’

increase in the core pressure (from gases leaking in through compromised seals). Conversely, the rate of change of conductivity with pressure in a silica VIP is lower.

Care must also be taken not to apply the measured/modeled effective conductivity of VIPs of a given dimension to other VIPs that are of significantly different sizes or thickness. When estimating the effective conductivity of VIPs, it is recommended that VIPs of a range of dimensions and thicknesses be evaluated, and the results be applied to envelope assemblies containing VIPs of similar dimensions.

Furthermore, the conductivity of VIPs is temperature dependent. The conductivity is typically lower at lower temperatures. So instead of adopting a single, constant conductivity, a temperature-dependent conductivity function should be implemented in numerical models.

It is great to consider advanced assemblies in our building designs, and it’s important to consider the steps one must take in order to accurately represent the emerging envelope technology. Luckily, there is a significant body of past and ongoing research on developing tools and models to estimate the performance of these emerging technologies to help inform the industry and begin designing buildings that utilize these technologies.

COMSOL modeling of VIPs embedded within foam boards

We want to hear your interesting, entertaining, or just-plain-odd questions about life and building performance simulation. Submit your questions to askamodeler@ibpsa.us to be answered by prominent building performance simulation experts. Note that questions requiring an immediate response should be submitted to the community of experts at https://unmethours.com. Read our other past columns at www.ibpsa.us/ask-a-modeler. If you are interested in replying to a question as a featured expert or have any other feedback about Ask a Modeler, please email askamodeler@ibpsa.us. n

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Transforming Education: Innovations in remote learning and experiential teaching

Transforming Education Innovations in remote learning and experiential teaching of Building Performance Simulation Eleonora Brembilla, TU Delft, The Netherlands Three years later, the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting lockdowns feel like distant and surreal memories.

Beside the many sacrifices, that period sparked a handful of positive changes, born from necessity and from a collective reimagination of how it is possible to feel connected without actually leaving our houses.

Education systems at all levels have been revolutionised from one day to the next, leaving us with innovative communication tools and teaching approaches. Not all of them can still be deemed suitable once back to ‘normality’ – and there is probably nothing that replaces the interaction and adrenaline you get from teaching in-person classes – but there are a few gems that are worth saving. The possibility to reach audiences that were previously left out from access to top universities, courses, teachers, is especially valuable.

Building performance simulation is a discipline that can easily leverage online tools, being largely based on computer software and virtual models. Still, the most successful education strategies are those that provide learners with means to experiment on their immediate surroundings and put new knowledge into practice.

Here we present three excellent examples of innovative educational programmes to teach building performance simulation that managed to combine remote strategies with effective experiential learning. The first one – MIT’s Sustainable Building Design for Online Audiences – is based on the now established format of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) but places a special emphasis on concept and design exercises aimed at engaging learners with practical tasks. The second one – the Erasmus+ NLITED project – offers a flexible platform to learn all aspects of daylighting through lectures given by Europe’s top experts in the field, coupled with practice-based summer schools where one can meet teachers and other learners. And the third one – the Erasmus+ DESRes project – set up a network of European university courses which can be attended remotely, and which facilitate online collaboration among groups of students, hence training them also for professional remote collaboration – a skill that is ever so important in our present work environments.

Sustainable Building Design for online audiences Christoph Reinhart and Rowan Elowe, MIT Alpha Arsano, Northeastern University, Boston The climate crisis is upon us with many parts of the world experiencing heat waves never seen before, flooding, cold spells, and drought. Since climate patterns now change on generational scales, society needs the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector to quickly deliver climate-driven buildings that consistently offer comfortable and healthy interiors, operate resources efficiently, and symbiotically interact with the electric grid and transportation sector. The digitalization of architectural design and seamless integration of environmental performance simulations into popular design environments have put sustainable design analysis workflows – from daylighting and glare to thermal comfort and operational building energy use – within reach

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Transforming Education: Innovations in remote learning and experiential teaching

of designers and even homeowners interested in sustainable, net zero building design. To facilitate the productive use of these simulation-based workflows, learners need to understand the underlying physical phenomena, know how to interpret simulation results, and - critically - be open to change their designs based on the feedback received. The ensuing evidence-based design approach aims to liberate design teams from oversimplified rules of thumb, trigger new design ideas through productive constraints, and elevate fact over dogma.

For over a decade, MIT’s 4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings class has taught the basics of climate analysis, daylighting, electric lighting, and operational building energy use in conjunction with weekly BPS exercises. Our class is co-taught to first year students in MIT’s professional Master of Architecture (MArch) degree program as well as undergraduate students in Architecture, Energy or Environmental Studies. The underlying course exercises are documented on the MIT Sustainable Building Design Lab’s Net Zero Buildings site.

To make the whole course content, including lecture recordings, available to a global audience, the MIT Energy Initiative supported the development of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) version of the class. Between February 2020 and August 2023, 50,000 learners from 190 countries – led by the US, India, Brazil, the UK, and Canada – have enrolled in the class. It currently runs once a year for 13 weeks with an estimated required time effort for learners of 8-10 hours per week. Anybody can take the class for free or register for a certificate.

The MOOC is part of MITx’s Future Energy Systems XSeries Program.

Members of the American Institute of Architecture (AIA) qualify for learning units if they purchase and earn the edX verified certificate for Fig 1: edX course on Sustainable Building the course.

Design

Online teaching approach Similarly, as for the in-residence version of the class, online learners must complete weekly assignments that culminate in a two-week-long design project of a mid-sized commercial building. The MOOC version has two tracks: Track 1 learners conduct the simulation exercises using the ClimateStudio daylighting and energy plugin for Rhinoceros 3D. While access to all required software is free, those learners need access to a newish computer. Track 2 was developed to ensure that learners from all socio-economic backgrounds can access, understand, and enact the course content. For this group, the MIT instructor team developed additional versions of all class exercises that can be conducted using the ClimaPlus web app which was custom developed for this purpose by Alpha Arsano during her doctoral studies at MIT. ClimaPlus is a climate-responsive design platform that utilizes weather data files from around the world to build local climate profiles and allows users to model how various design decisions affect a building’s finances, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Using either simplified or state-of-the-art design tools, all learners can thus explore the complex interactions between building design decisions, operational energy costs and the impact of a building on climate change.

Challenges A considerable challenge in translating the residential course online was scaling open-response assignments for a large number of learners. Much of the assignment content, quantitative in nature, is well suited to automated machine grading on the edX platform, with learners answering calculation-based or conceptual questions in multiple choice, numeric input, and text input formats. Design tasks, however, do not produce uniform responses that can be machine graded, and staff grading at this scale is infeasible. The MOOC design team therefore built new assignments leveraging a peer-review function in edX, while maintaining the key learning objectives of the assignments.

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Week 2’s direct shading assignment illustrates several nuances of the course’s approach to the open-response assignments. The goal of the exercise is for learners to verify the accuracy of digital modeling software that replicates natural light behavior in design models and facilitates the incorporation of natural daylighting versus electrical lighting in these models. When conducted at MIT, this exercise is quite straightforward. Students photograph an object in the sun at 2 different times of the day, and then use ClimateStudio to recreate the object digitally and replicate the shading effect photographed. However, the assignment required careful retooling for the online platform. First, what if the weather is too rainy or overcast and online learners cannot photograph an object casting shade? To avoid a spate of extension requests, the course team uploaded stock images of objects along with the dimensions and date/time information needed to replicate the lighting conditions. For learners without access to modeling software, the course team identified two free online, browser-based resources. The first, 3D Slash, allows learners to quickly and easily create detailed digital models which can be exported as object (.obj) files (www.3dslash.net/index.php). 3D Sun-path then allows users to import their object file and input locational and date information to realistically render direct shading effects (http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/staging/ sunpath3d.html). Thus, learners may freely model the object they photographed and compare the results.

Fig 2: Comparison of a photographed and modeled shaded object (Image Jeff Geisinger)

Image pairs such as the one in Figure 2 are the online deliverables for the Week 2 Direct Shading assignment.

As a teaching assistant could not possibly review thousands of submissions of photographs and digital models, the MOOC team uses the edX platform’s open-response assessment (ORA) function to automatically assign a learner’s submission to other submitters for evaluation based on a customized assignment rubric. Each learner is assigned 3 evaluations. The rubric was carefully designed to be intuitive and so that peers did not need to be experts in the software or analysis to evaluate submissions. Instead, they graded 3 key components:

n whether the required photographs and models were submitted (4 points) n the degree to which the digital models resembled the photographed objects (2 points) n a small discretionary percentage for the complexity of the object modeled. (1 point) The learner’s final grade is the median score across the peer reviews received. Learners are also able to provide feedback on how they believe the ORA process operated, and how fair their scores were, after reading their reviews. The course staff review the feedback and may override grades as appropriate. The benefit of this open response peer review system is not only a scalable grading mechanism, but a chance for learners to critically evaluate others’ approaches to the assignment prompt, reflect on their own, and receive feedback from their peers.

A similar approach is adopted for the final, two-week design project. More information on the course including a comparison between expert and peer reviewed grading results for select final projects can be found in the ‘Lessons Learned from Teaching Thousands of Learners Worldwide’ chapter in the forthcoming Energy Education in a Transitioning World, edited by Valentini Pappa and Antje Danielson and published by Cambridge University Press.

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NLITED Summer School Mandana S.Khanie, Technical University of Denmark The NLITED Summer School is an intensive one-week training program on daylighting in buildings. It is part of the New Level of Integrated Techniques for Daylighting Education (NLITED) project, funded by the EU through the Erasmus+ programme. The project is run by four universities: Unviersità Degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Italy, led by Federica Giuliani; Technical University of Denmark, coordinated by Mandana S.Khanie; Polytechnic Gdansk Poland, coordinated by Natalia Sokol; and Lund University, Sweden, coordinated by Niko Gentile.

The NLITED educational project is held in two parts:

n The first part is an online platform providing theoretical daylighting knowledge. The platform is divided into modules covering specific aspects of daylighting in buildings, such as daylighting basics, simulation, and daylight design. n The second part is a one-week intensive training seven-day bootcamp at a university in one of the four participating countries. During the summer school, participants learn how to apply the theoretical knowledge they have gained from the online platform to real-world projects. They also have the opportunity to network with other professionals in the field of daylighting.

The summer school is taught by a team of experienced daylighting professionals from different European universities and industry partners. Participants have the opportunity to learn from the experts, gain practical experience in daylighting design, and network with other professionals in the field. The program covers a wide range of topics related to daylighting, including:

n Daylighting basics n Daylight simulation n Daylight design n Daylight and human health n Daylight and energy efficiency n Daylight and architectural design The main objectives of the summer school are to: Foster an Engaging Learning Experience: Develop an interactive and captivating approach to learning.

Provide Comprehensive Work Exposure: Allow participants to gain holistic work experience.

3. Facilitate Networking with Industry Experts and Firms: Create opportunities for participants to connect with professionals and companies in the industry.

4. Meet the needs of both Master’s and Ph.D. students and Professionals: Tailored to benefit not only Master’s and PhD students but also professionals seeking an immersive study program.

4. Culminate in a Presentable Final Product (Event/Competition): Conclude with creating a tangible and presentable final project, which may involve events or competitions.

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2.

In 2022, the NLITED Summer School was held in Copenhagen at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU).

After an intensive one-week training program on daylighting in buildings, the participants of NLITED presented their work in BuildSim 2022, the 10th BuildSim Nordic conference and 2nd IBPSA-Nordic International conference, hosted by DTU and chaired by Christian Anker Hviid and Mandana Sarey Khanie. The presentations were evaluated by a panel of experts, and the best presentation was given an award by VELUX A/S. In 2023, the summer school was held in Gdansk and organised by DTU and Polytechnique Gdansk. In a similar structure, the participants presented their final work at the Gdynia Design Day event, hosted by PPNT Gdynia.

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To learn more about the summer school and see the participants’ presentations, please visit the NLITED website: www.nlited.eu/copenhagen-2022 and www.nlited.eu/gdansk-2023.

NLITED Summer School

NLITED 2022

NLITED 2023

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DesRES - Digital Erasmus - a roadmap to using building performance simulation to achieve resilient design Christina Hopfe, TU Graz, Austria How the idea came about Delivering good projects requires a good team. In this project, we had three different project partners: TU Graz, TU Delft and Strathclyde University. Three staff members from TU Graz, Prof Robert McLeod, and Dr Matej Gustin and myself (Prof Christina Hopfe) participated in the project. TU Delft was represented by Dr Eleonora Brembilla. At Strathclyde University the project team members were Prof Lori McElory and Dr Daniel Costola.

The original project idea was developed during the beginning of the pandemic by Eleonora, Rob, Lori and myself. All of us had started new positions at this time and (in the case of Eleonora, Rob and myself) had even moved to a different country. Feeling isolated in lockdowns, and with an uncertain future ahead of us, we wondered what we could do to encourage students, in particular internationals, to engage more actively with teaching. Another key part of the project sought to address inclusivity using digital learning and teaching methods. Such approaches can help to overcome some of the traditional barriers to participation through their partial anonymity and enhanced flexibility. In so doing we hoped to encourage under-represented groups to engage with the subject area of building performance and simulation.

Description of the programme Our project is entitled DesRES, abbreviated from ‘Digital Erasmus - a roadmap to using building performance simulation to achieve resilient design’. It seeks to provide safe, remote student teaching by transforming the learning experience of students in built environment disciplines. Our objective was to develop a dynamic, experiential methodology aimed at maximizing student engagement and learning opportunities in a digital and transnational environment.

Building simulation is traditionally taught in a classroom setting with access to computer labs, where students learn how to use the software in direct contact with staff. During the Covid-19 pandemic this was no longer possible. We were therefore targeting students enrolled in MSc programmes that included courses on building performance and resilience, but who were no longer able to participate in live classroom-based activities. Our aim was to design a concept that would make it easier to target students from all over the world, allowing them to participate in learning events digitally but without the high enrolment costs charged by some universities.

For example, subscribing as a student at TU Graz in Austria, students do not have to pay any student fees.

It’s for free, whether you are a native of Austria, Europe, or an international student. With this collaboration, students subscribed in any of the participating universities were able to digitally participate in the other universities’ DesRES courses.

By adopting this approach, we were able to take into account both the uncertainties imposed by the pandemic and the personal obstacles that many students with disabilities might face in normal classroom settings, as well as the often unacknowledged barriers faced by those who cannot attend conventional classes (for a variety of other reasons).

In short, DesRES offers a pandemic-proof working environment that also enhances equality, diversity, and inclusion (ED&I) opportunities.

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Relation to Building Performance Simulation It’s all about simulation: in line with our inclusive and digital teaching framework, three new modules (each taught by one of the partnering universities) were developed to challenge students to work in interdisciplinary transnational teams, digitally, across borders, thereby offering some of the benefits of the classical Erasmus ‘year abroad’ experience. These modules range across measuring, monitoring, and analysing data, modelling, simulation, and calibration, looking at diverse performance aspects such as health and comfort, energy and indoor air quality and moisture and indoor environmental quality. We have developed three new modules, one at each university, offering a different challenge. The whole series of modules together develops a deeper understanding of building performance simulation. More information on the different modules can be found on our website www.desres.eu.

What are its strengths/novelties We expect the opportunity to undertake transnational studies using an interactive approach to appeal to those who might not have had the opportunity to consider becoming an engineer and studying simulation in the past, and that the project will provide them with as close to an immersive experience as is possible in a digital realm.

Our learning format combines live data-streams from real buildings with the use of validated simulation models of the same buildings in order to create a highly realistic and interactive learning environment. This concept helps to overcome the barriers imposed by the absence of site-visits and studio tutorials, which have been a common feature of experiential learning in the built environment. This learning format is designed to immerse the students in real-world problem solving and experimentation, commensurate with the attainment outcomes of master’s level programs. Through our Digital Erasmus approach, the students gain valuable additional experience in interdisciplinary working and critical thinking.

We hope to widen the concept out to other programmes and modules and are currently in the process of applying as a new IBPSA project. So stay tuned!

More information on the project can be found on www.desres.eu.

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POWER: NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources

POWER: NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources Supporting building information modeling, sustainable design, and decarbonization efforts Introduction One of the three main areas of focus for NASA’s Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) Project is supporting the building modeling community, including information relevant to renewable energy. POWER, which is part of the newly forming NASA Earth Action program, provides access to data from Earth-observing satellites and atmospheric assimilation models to enable sustainable decision-making across multiple disciplines anywhere in the world. POWER provides freely available global, surface solar irradiance and meteorological datasets from NASA Earth observations and modeling through a suite of web services. POWER data, now spanning over 40+ years, is made accessible in formats conducive to building applications, within a few days of real-time and with documented uncertainties. The data are made available as time series, statistical tables, images, and GIS compatible formats.

Data products & services Utilizing NASA’s Earth Observation and global model datasets, NASA POWER provides solar and meteorological parameters such as:

n Hourly and daily time series: mean/maximum/minimum temperature, wet bulb temperature, relative and specific humidity, precipitation, solar irradiance (within two months of real-time; solar quantities are daily only) n Daily/monthly/annual time series: heating and cooling degree days n Climatological Averages: Climate design conditions report and Building Climate Zones (both using ASHRAE Definitions) The sustainable infrastructure industry has historically used NASA POWER data for many broad applications, including infrastructure design standards, Building Information Modeling (BIM), green building design and operations, reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and increased system resilience.

POWER is currently providing data via the following basic services:

n Application Programming Interface (API) n Data Access Viewer (DAV) n Geospatial feature & image services NASA managed AWS open data registry The POWER API delivers data in formats such as EPW, CSV, NetCDF, GeoJSON, ASCII, and more. For instance, building energy model users often request our data in the EnergyPlus Weather (EPW) file format supported by multiple modeling decision tools. The API, invoked through a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) command, provides timely responses, and can be easily integrated into external applications.

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The Data Access Viewer – which is currently in its Beta release – is a web mapping application that provides easy-to-use visualization tools, data sub-setting, downloading, and charting. Users can also efficiently complete data requests to generate integrated climate reports and building thermal zones, which is based off the ASHRAE (formerly known as the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) standards.

The tools and charting resources available through the enhanced POWER Data Access Viewer (DAVe) Credit: NASA POWER

POWER’s geospatial and feature image services give users the option to visualize their data using Esri ArcGIS. These services are available through NASA’s ArcGIS Online platform. POWER provides the following image services:

n Monthly, Annual, and Climatology solar radiation and meteorological parameters (see above) n Value-added parameters such as Tilted Surfaces Irradiance with associated solar geometric quantities and Battery Sizing parameters, and soon-to-be released wind power classes (as defined by National Renewable Energy Laboratory) n Examples of Building Thermal Climate Zones & Building Thermal Moisture Climate Zones fusing ASHRAE(R) definitions, including difference maps comparing periods at the beginning and end of the records Finally, users can seamlessly access POWER’s central data directly from the NASA managed Amazon Web Services Open Data Portal in a specialized large file format. Python libraries are available to efficiently gain direct access and process POWER’s data products from these files. These standardized POWER datasets are tailored for quick long-temporal and cross-variable analysis and are readily accessible to support machine learning applications. This service provides the most complete near real-time data access available.

Future climate products and services There is an active effort to expand the data offerings from POWER to include climate services with data from future climate projections. These services will help POWER users make informed decisions that better account for projected climate change scenarios. For instance, this information will help users design future HVAC

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(Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) systems providing estimates of energy used by these systems under projected future climate conditions. The future climate services aim to help master planners account for projected climate change while making better informed decisions about future HVAC energy needs and the desire to meet net zero building goals.

The future climate services are based on the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections climate dataset derived from 22 different General Circulation Model (GCM) runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and across three of the four “Tier 1” greenhouse gas emissions scenarios (NEX-GDDP-CMIP6; Eyring et al. 2016). The downscaled data is provided by NASA Earth Exchange (Thrasher et al. 2022). The basic data provided include daily averages of 9 surface variables (daily mean/ maximum/minimum temperature, daily sum of precipitation, daily mean downward longwave and shortwave radiative flux, daily mean surface wind speed, and daily mean specific/relative humidity), covering the years 2015 to 2100 (North of 60 degrees South latitude). Data from three emissions scenarios (low [ssp1_26], medium [ssp2_45], and high [ssp3_70] emissions) are included to provide a contrast of potential future climates (O’Neill et al. 2014;2017). We have performed our own additional analyses to bias correct these to the historical data products noted above. As these initial simulations are daily averaged, an effort is ongoing to create data products based on hourly-based statistics.

The figures show the projected changes in the annual total and the monthly average of cooling degree days (defined with an 18 degrees Celsius threshold) at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, CA. Both annual changes from 2015-2100 (line plot) and 50-year monthly changes (bar plot) are shown. The table highlights the change in ASHRAE thermal and moisture zones at selected NASA centers in the future climate (Goddard Space Flight Center – GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, JPL, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA) Credit: NASA POWER

The ability to calculate statistics for 3 climate scenarios relative to the current base state will be included in the future climate services. Users will be able to calculate annual means and sums, along with long-term statistics such as extreme values and interannual variability for arbitrary periods. The information will be provided for multiple scenarios to provide a measure of the statistical changes in key climatological variables as a function of time and projection.

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Conclusion The NASA POWER Project strives to provide the building modeling community with the data and tools needed to visualize data, make decisions, and develop standards that help enable the modeling and assessment of building energy systems from NASA’s Earth observations and modeling research. Alongside our active efforts in data processing and parameter improvement, POWER’s plan to continuously provide solar and meteorological data will support the development of sustainable infrastructure and efforts toward achieving decarbonization and net-zero goals. To learn more about the NASA POWER Project or to communicate your data needs users are encouraged to visit our website (https://power.larc.nasa.gov), or email our team directly at larc-powerproject@mail.nasa.gov. Dr Paul Stackhouse, the POWER Project PI can be reached at paul.w.stackhouse@ nasa.gov References Eyring, Veronika, Sandrine Bony, Gerald A. Meehl, Catherine A. Senior, Bjorn Stevens, Ronald J. Stouffer, and Karl E. Taylor. 2016. “Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Experimental Design and Organization.” Geoscientific Model Development 9 (5): 1937–1958. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016.

O’Neill, Brian C., Elmar Kriegler, Kristie L. Ebi, Eric Kemp-Benedict, Keywan Riahi, Dale S. Rothman, Bas J. Van Ruijven, et al. “The Roads Ahead: Narratives for Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Describing World Futures in the 21st Century.” Global Environmental Change 42 (January 2017): 169–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.gloenvcha.2015.01.004.

O’Neill, Brian C., Elmar Kriegler, Keywan Riahi, Kristie L. Ebi, Stephane Hallegatte, Timothy R. Carter, Ritu Mathur, and Detlef P. Van Vuuren. “A New Scenario Framework for Climate Change Research: The Concept of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.” Climatic Change 122, no. 3 (February 2014): 387–400. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10584-013-0905-2.

Thrasher, Bridget, Weile Wang, Andrew Michaelis, Forrest Melton, Tsengdar Lee, and Ramakrishna Nemani.

“NASA Global Daily Downscaled Projections, CMIP6.” Scientific Data 9, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 262. https://doi. org/10.1038/s41597-022-01393-4. n

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IBPSA Project 2: Building Optimization Testing Framework (BOPTEST)

IBPSA Project 2 Building Optimization Testing Framework (BOPTEST) David Blum1 and Lieve Helsen2 Project Overview IBPSA Project 2 (https://ibpsa.github.io/project1-boptest/ibpsa/index.html) will continue development of the BOPTEST framework to meet the growing needs of control strategy development and benchmarking for building and district energy systems worldwide. This project extends the work that was started under IBPSA Project 1 Work Package 1.2 (https://ibpsa.github.io/project1/index.html). Software development will continue under the same open-source license to facilitate community development and to enable access to all, including third-party developers to build applications utilizing BOPTEST. The project runs from 2023 to summer 2027 and coordinates and further develops the work of participating organizations on BOPTEST. The expected project outcomes are as follows: Outreach and community building activities that encourage community feedback on development and usage.

2. Enhanced framework software infrastructure for improved performance and additional features.

3. New emulators representing additional application scopes of interest to the community.

4. Benchmark performance results from control strategy solutions using BOPTEST. 1.

This article describes the motivation, objectives, organization, and ongoing work within IBPSA Project 2.

Motivation Needs for advanced and improved control strategies (CS) in building and district energy systems are growing due to requirements for reducing energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and operating costs, providing flexibility to the electrical grid, as well as ensuring performance of novel hybrid and collective system architectures. Examples of such CS are advanced rule-based control, such as ASHRAE Guideline 36 [ASH21], Model Predictive Control (MPC) [Drg20], and Reinforcement Learning [Wan20]. However, while these and other CS show promise, three challenges slow their widespread adoption: The performance of each CS is typically demonstrated on individualized case studies and quantified using different metrics, making it difficult to benchmark and compare their performance, identify the most promising approaches, and identify needed development.

2. Demonstrations in real buildings and district energy systems pose large operational risks and difficult environments for controlled experiments.

3. Development of realistic simulation models for CS testing and evaluation requires significant building science and modeling expertise not necessarily held by experts from fields which could contribute to new CS development, such as process control, optimization, and data science.

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The building simulation (BS) community can address these challenges by providing suites of publicly available, high-fidelity simulation models to be used for benchmarking CS. Furthermore, providing a comprehensive 1 2

Building Technology and Urban Systems Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven - EnergyVille, Belgium

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framework to deploy, interact with, and generate key performance indicators (KPI) from these emulators would ensure their benchmarking capability and make them readily available to related control and data science fields outside of the BS community. There exists precedent for such an approach within the BS field with the development of the BESTEST [Jud95] and subsequent ASHRAE Standard 140 [ASH11] as well as the optimization fields (e.g., Decision Tree for Optimization Software [Mit22]) and data science (e.g. Gymnasium [Far23]).

The BOPTEST Concept and Approach BOPTEST is a software framework developed with the goal of testing Advanced CS (ACS) and objectively comparing ACS on a set of standardized test cases, as shown in Figure 1, and described in detail by Blum et al. [Blu21]. BOPTEST has been implemented such that predefined, high-fidelity building models (so-called “test cases”) are used for virtual test cases which can be simulated interactively with test controllers using a containerized run-time environment (RTE) and exposed API. The simulation data generated during tests is then used to compute standardized KPIs within the RTE, allowing a comparison of different ACS on the same test setup. The building models are developed with sufficient level of physical detail and temporal resolution for simulating closed-loop control behavior. Furthermore, the framework provides a library of test cases that can readily be used to test the performance of a controller across a set of buildings. To ensure transparency, all development is open-source. The following section will provide more details on the test cases, RTE, test design, and KPIs.

Fig 1: BOPTEST, consisting of accessing a run-time environment, choosing a test case from a repository of test cases, conducting the test of the control strategy, and obtaining a standardized report of the control performance.

The developed test cases cover a range of complexities and system types, including single and multi-zone residences and offices with air and water-based systems. Test cases are written using Modelica [Mat97] and packaged using the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) [Blo11], as a Functional Mockup Unit (FMU). The test case FMUs contain all needed resources to not only simulate the building, such as weather and internal load schedule data, but also calculate KPIs, like electricity prices, carbon dioxide emission factors, and target zone temperatures. A set of specialized Modelica blocks have been developed to aid in the development of

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the models for specifying which control points can be written to and which measurements are made available.

Only points that are deemed reasonable for a controller to have access to in real applications are exposed. In addition, baseline control is implemented in the building models which include both supervisory and local-loop controllers, as Modelica allows for such explicit control representation. It is left to the test controller to choose which points to overwrite, while those not overwritten will continue using the embedded control. This allows a test controller to, for example, only overwrite supervisory control points like zone temperature set points or static pressure set points and leave local-loop controllers to maintain the set point, or to directly control actuators like motor speeds and valve positions.

The RTE is delivered using containerization with Docker. This allows for the exact specification and deployment of the framework’s computing environment on virtually any computing resource, whether it be locally or in the cloud, and on Linux, MacOS or Windows. Note that a publicly available web-service has been made available that allows users to work with BOPTEST without needing to deploy it locally. The Docker container uses Python to manage the simulation, using the PyFMI package [And16], calculate KPIs, generate forecasts, and generally manage data. An HTTP RESTful API is exposed for a user and controller to interact with BOPTEST and a test case. The API includes methods to view the available control inputs and measurement outputs from a test case, initialize the simulation to a specific time, choose from predefined testing scenarios (e.g. specific time period of test or electricity price profile), choose a controller communication step size, advance the simulation time with any control overwrite values, read measurement data, retrieve forecasts of weather, energy prices, and internal loads, and retrieve calculated KPI values. The design and use of the RTE ensures that experimentally consistent and sufficiently detailed results are obtained regardless of the deployment platform. Furthermore, the controller can be implemented in any computer language as long as it can communicate through the HTTP-based API. Additional interfaces have been developed on top of the HTTP API, including for Gymnasium [Far23], BACnet [ASH16], and VOLTTRON [VOL23].

To evaluate the performance of a controller, a set of key performance indicators (KPI) are calculated within the RTE based on data from test simulations. The currently available KPIs include energy use, energy cost, CO2 emissions, peak demand, thermal comfort, indoor environmental quality, and computational time of the controller. To facilitate benchmarking, predefined testing scenarios are available for a user to choose for each test case. Currently, these include specific time periods consisting of two-week tests around peak and typical heating and cooling periods as well as a choice of three different electricity price profiles consisting of constant, dynamic, and highly dynamic, which can be used to test the capability for load shifting by a test controller.

Finally, an online dashboard is being developed that will allow for users to share results of tests and for others to view and sort such results.

Project Plans and Coordination IBPSA Project 2 will extend the work begun under IBPSA Project 1 to develop the BOPTEST framework within an open, international collaboration. The project is organized into four primary tasks, which are each summarized below.

Task 1: Outreach and Community Building This task focuses on activities that encourage, facilitate, and disseminate BOPTEST usage, adoption, and feedback to development. This includes several objectives. First, surveying and engaging with the research and practitioner communities to inform software and test case development, such as suggesting useful software functionality and identifying the most interesting control problems or applications. Next, this task includes collecting known case studies making use of BOPTEST and testimonials from various stakeholders in the

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control design, delivery, ownership, and policy-making process who find value in BOPTEST. This also includes collecting, tracking, and reporting usage statistics, such as papers citing BOPTEST, number of tests run using the web-service, number of results reported to online results dashboard, and software release downloads. This task will also develop and deliver workshops and tutorials on the usage of BOPTEST, either stand-alone or in coordination with conferences sponsored by IBPSA or other relevant organizations. Finally, this task will maintain a project website to provide information for the various components of BOPTEST as well as listing and making available outreach material such as publications, tutorials, and meeting information.

Task 2: Methods and Infrastructure This task focuses on development and maintenance of core framework software and closely related extensions in response to needs identified by Project participants and community feedback. Related components include test case and framework software architecture specification and implementation, FMU simulation and data management, KPI calculation, forecast delivery, API changes and extensions, online results sharing dashboard, web-service deployment, interface extensions, public GitHub repository management, and continuous integration testing.

Task 3: Test Cases This task focuses on development and maintenance of virtual building models that serve as test cases. Model development will continue to utilize the Modelica language and Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) standard, particularly open-source libraries that extend from the Modelica IBPSA Library developed through IBPSA Project 1 WP1.1 and continuation IBPSA Modelica Working Group to maintain and extend the IBPSA Modelica Library.

One focus of this task will be maintaining the test cases developed as part of IBPSA Project 1 WP1.2, in coordination with Task 2, including migration to new Modelica compilers and updated Modelica libraries.

Another focus of this task will be creating new test cases depending on participant and community interest, as well as consideration for relevant standards and guidelines. Example new applications of interest might include for example: District heating and cooling systems 2. National building stock representation 3. Active thermal energy storage and other distributed energy resource management 4. Electric grid integration 5. Integrated multi-energy district systems 1.

An extension to BOPTEST for evaluation and benchmarking of district-level or aggregated control of multiple buildings has been prototyped as the District Optimization Testing Framework (DOPTEST). The prototype has been described by Arroyo et al. [Arr23].

Task 4: Controller Testing This task focuses on testing and benchmarking CS developed by both participants in this Project, and also comparison with CS developers external to the Project, using the framework developed in Task 2 and test cases developed in Task 3. The outcome will be results, in the form of KPIs and additional performance details, published in public literature and on the developed online results dashboard, which can be used for informing future directions of new controller development, performance expectations, and policy.

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Further information For further information about IBPSA Project 2 and how to join this joint collaboration, please visit https:// ibpsa.github.io/project1-boptest/ibpsa/index.html. For more information about BOPTEST and access to software, please visit https://ibpsa.github.io/project1-boptest .

References And16 Andersson, C, Åkesson, J and Führer, C. (2016). “PyFMI: A Python Package for Simulation of Coupled Dynamic Models with the Functional Mock-up Interface.” Technical Report in Mathematical Sciences, nr. 2, vol. 2016, vol. LUTFNA-5008-2016, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University.

Arr23 Arroyo, J., Verleye, L., Bex, L., Hermans, L., Saeed, M., Lu, Y., Depoortere, J., Balint, A., Delarue, E., Driesen, J., Deconinck, G., Blum, D., and Helsen, L. (2023). “Prototyping the DOPTEST Framework for Simulation-Based Testing of System Integration Strategies in Districts.” In Proceedings of the 18th International IBPSA Conference and Exhibition, Building Simulation 2023, Sep 4-6, Shanghai, China.

ASH11 ASHRAE (2011). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2011. Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer Programs. ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA. ASH16 ASHRAE (2016). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-2016. BACnet-A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks. ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA. ASH21 ASHRAE (2021). ASHRAE Guideline 36 - 2021. High-performance sequences of operation for hvac systems. ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA. Blo11

Blochwitz, T., Otter, M., Arnold, M., Bausch, C., Clauß, C., Elmqvist, H., Junghanns, A., Mauss, J., Monteiro, M., Neidhold, T., Neumerkel, D., Olsson, H., Peetz, J., Wolf, S., Gmbh, A., Berlin, Q., Scai, F., and Augustin, S. (2011). “The functional mockup interface for tool independent exchange of simulation models,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Modelica Conference. Dresden, Germany, Mar 20-22.

Blu21

Blum, D., Arroyo, J., Huang, S., Drgona, J., Jorissen, F., Walnum, H. T., Chen, Y., Benne, K., Vrabie, D., Wetter, M., and Helsen, L. (2021). Building Optimization Testing Framework (BOPTEST) for SimulationBased Benchmarking of Control Strategies in Buildings. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 14(5), 586-610.

Drg20 Drgoňa, J., Arroyo, J., Cupeiro Figueroa, I., Blum, D., Arendt, K., Kim, D., Ollé, E. P., Oravec, J., Wetter, M., Vrabie, D. L., and Helsen, L. (2020). All you need to know about model predictive control for buildings. Annual Reviews in Control, 50, 190–232.

Far23

Farama Foundation (2023). Gymnasium. Available online at https://gymnasium.farama.org.

Jud95 Judkoff, R. and Neymark, J. (1995). International Energy Agency Building Energy Simulation Test (BESTEST) and Diagnostic Method. Technical Report NREL/TP-172-6231, NREL, Golden, CO. Available online: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/6231.pdf.

Mat97 Mattsson, S. E. and Elmqvist, H. (1997). “Modelica-an international effort to design the next generation modeling language.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 151–155.

Mit22 Mittelmann, H. D. (2022). Decision Tree for Optimization Software. Available online: http://plato.asu. edu/guide.html.

VOL23 VOLTTRON (2023). Available online at https://volttron.org.

Wan20 Wang, Z., and Hong, T. (2020). Reinforcement Learning for Building Controls: The Opportunities and Challenges. Applied Energy 269: 115036. n

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Forthcoming events

Forthcoming events Date(s)

Event

Further information

20-24 January 2024

2024 ASHRAE Winter Conference Chicago, Illinois, USA

www.ashrae.org/conferences/2024-winterconference-chicago

May 2024 (TBC)

IBPSA-Ireland+ ASHRAE Ireland Student Research Symposium Munster Technological University (MTU), Cork, Ireland

21-23 May 2024

SimBuild IBPSA-USA Conference Denver, Colorado, USA

www.ibpsa.us/simbuild-2024

05-07 June 2024

eSIM IBPSA-Canada Conference Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

https://idobe.engineering.ualberta. ca/esim-2024

09-11 June 2024

BuildSim Nordic IBPSA-Nordic Conference Espoo, Finland

http://ibpsa-nordic.org https://buildsimnordic2024.ibpsa-nordic. org

26-28 June 2024

Building Simulation Applications Conference 2024 https://bsa.events.unibz.it Bozen-Bolzano, Italy

September 2024 (TBC)

BauSIM Vienna, Austria

September 2024 (TBC)

BSO 2024: Building Simulation & Optimisation IBPSA-England Conference UK

November 2024 (TBC)

uSIM Conference Scotland, UK

2024

2025 04-06 June 2025

CLIMA World Congress 2025 Milan, Italy

www.climaworldcongress.org

24-27 August 2025

BS 2025 18th IBPSA International Conference & Exhibition Carbon and Climate Responsive Brisbane, Australia

www.BS2025.org

Note that the dates in this calendar may, but do not necessarily, include pre and/or post-conference workshop days

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20-24 January 2024 Chicago, Illinois, USA www.ashrae.org/ conferences/2024winter-conferencechicago

2024 ASHRAE Winter Conference Technical program 1.

Key components of fundamentals including thermodynamics, psychrometrics, fluid and mass flow, concepts, design elements, and shared experiences for theoretical and applied concepts of HVAC&R design.

2.

The development of new HVAC&R systems and equipment, improvements to existing systems and equipment and the proper application and operation of systems and equipment.

3.

Synergies between the various uses and technologies of refrigeration systems from which both industrial and commercial systems might benefit, also, but not only, from the points of view of reducing direct and indirect GHG emissions.

4.

As the standards authority for energy usage in buildings in the USA, ASHRAE recognizes that our long-standing initiatives in energy efficiency should be expanded to building decarbonization. This track seeks papers and programs that demonstrate the industry’s decarbonization efforts.

5.

Many different hydronic systems are used in the built environment. This track looks at heating hot water, domestic water, chilled water, condenser water, etc.

6.

The interaction of the many parameters involved in design & construction.

7.

The effect on final projects and on each other of ASHRAE Standards 55, 62 and 90, and Guideline 10.

8.

Control strategies and their application within the built environment.

9.

The unique challenges of decarbonizing critical environments such as laboratories.

10. This track focuses on the necessary considerations for tall buildings.

11. AI and machine learning in HVAC&R controls & equipment.

Key dates The deadline for submitting full conference papers has passed.

n Paper accept/revise/reject notifications n Revised papers due n Paper accept/revise/reject notifications

08 November 2023 24 November 2023 06 December 2023

For information about speakers, exhibitors, travel, registration fees, the social program and other issues visit www.ashrae.org/conferences/2024-winter-conference-chicago n

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21-23 May 2024 Denver, Colorado, USA www.ibpsa.us/ simbuild-2024

SimBuild 2024 Conference Celebrating Two Decades of SimBuild SimBuild 2024 marks the 20th anniversary of the first SimBuild conference, held in 2004. The theme in 2024 is Celebrating Two Decades of SimBuild.

SimBuild is the premiere US conference for building performance simulation users, researchers, and developers. IBPSA-USA hosts the conference every other year, in alternation with IBPSA’s international Building Simulation conferences. After joint conferences with ASHRAE from 2014 to 2022, IBPSA-USA returns to hosting SimBuild as an independent conference in 2024, in Denver, Colorado.

Denver, known for attracting “architecture aficionados,” is the perfect choice of location to celebrate Simbuild’s Platinum Anniversary. The town had its beginnings in 1858, and since the Gold Rush era it has evolved to be one of the most exciting urban skylines in the country. From Union Station to the Fredric C. Hamilton Building: Denver Art Museum, we invite you to take a trip through time and discover Denver’s history through some of its most striking architecture.

Join us as we commemorate IBPSA-USA’s contributions to sustainability and building performance simulation and look toward the future. The program will highlight the work of IBPSA-USA and its members and provide a platform to envision the future of simulation, as we explore emerging technologies, trends, and strategies that will continue to drive building performance excellence in the years ahead.

Sample topics include:

n Climate Resilience and Forecasting n Intelligent Building Operations n Workflows and Simulation Case Studies n Simulation Technologies and Applications n Human Factors Key dates

n Call for papers closes n Oral presentation proposals due n Early bird registration opens

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Don’t forget to follow us on our website www.ibpsa.us/simbuild-2024 For questions, please contact events@ibspa.us We can’t wait to meet you at SimBuild 2024!

05-07 June 2024 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada https://idobe. engineering. ualberta.ca/eSim2024

n

eSim 2024 Conference Stimulating Sustainability Together We are excited to announce eSim 2024, an event that promises to be a continuation of eSim’s successful legacy. eSim conferences cover important and arising topics in building performance simulation, including modeling methodologies, design practices, and case studies. eSim 2024 focuses on Stimulating Sustainability Together, hoping to engage a wide variety of stakeholders in advancing building performance.

Located at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, eSim 2024 will have in-person presentations and a hybrid audience. Highlights will include:

n Around 100 presentations from industry experts, researchers, and practitioners n Workshops and tutorials n A group trip to Jasper National Park after the conference n Interactive discussions on emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities in building simulation.

We invite you to contribute your research and expertise by submitting an abstract for consideration.

Key dates

n Abstract submission deadline n Notification of acceptance n Paper submission deadline n Notification of paper acceptance n Camera-ready submission n Early Bird registration

01 November 2023 15 November 2023 15 March 2024 15 April 2024 15 May 2024 now until 03 May 2024

For updates regarding the conference program, keynote speakers, and additional details, and to register for eSim 2024, please visit our conference website at https:// idobe.engineering.ualberta.ca/eSim-2024. We encourage you to register early to take advantage of the discounted rates.

If you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to contact us at idobe@ualberta.ca.

Thank you for your continued support, and we hope to see you at eSim 2024!

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26-28 June 2024 Bozen-Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy https://bsa.events. unibz.it

BSA 2024: 6th Building Simulation Applications Conference IBPSA-Italy and the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano are pleased to announce the 6th Building Simulation Applications Conference, BSA 2024, which will take place at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy on 26-28 June 2024. The official language is English.

Target audience Participation is welcomed from researchers in the general sector of building simulation and energy modelling, policy makers and public agencies & utilities, all sectors of industry, and building designers. International attendance is warmly welcome.

Key dates

n Abstract submission n Acceptance communication n Full paper submission n Full paper review notification n Final submission

31 December 2023 31 January 2024 31 March 2024 30 April 2024 20 May 2024

Please visit https://bsa.events.unibz.it for updates about BSA conferences! n

04-06 June 2025 Milan, Italy www. climaworldcongress.org

CLIMA 2025: Buildings for the climate of the future The REHVA HVAC World Congress CLIMA is a leading event in the field of HVAC. CLIMA 2025 will be organised jointly by REHVA and AiCARR and will take place in Milan, Italy, from June 4th to 6th, 2025.

The theme this time is Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates, a topic that highlights the fundamental importance of the HVAC sector in all its aspects. CLIMA 2025 will offer professionals, academics, and companies in the HVAC sector a unique opportunity for international discussion about these ‘hot’ subjects.

Achieving the decarbonization of the European building stock by 2050 requires deep energy renovation of buildings and neighbourhoods without compromising indoor health. We need to improve our design approach to reduce the carbon footprint of our buildings to achieve the new aim of Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB), to take account of health and threats such as COVID-19, and to take full advantage of the opportunities

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increased digitization and sensors are creating to optimize the design, operation, and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of new and refurbished net-zero buildings (NZEBs).

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed our lack of knowledge about the transmission of respiratory diseases in buildings. Technically advanced sensor-based measurement and control pose numerous challenges. We know the climate is changing: will more cooling or heating capacity be needed? What energy conservation technologies will be most effective in the future?

For updates on the programme, paper submission, venue, delegate registration and other issues visit www.climaworldcongress.org n

24-27 August 2025 Brisbane, Australia www.bs2025.org

BS 2025 Following the 2023 Building Simulation Conference in Shanghai, China, Australia will take the reins in hosting the next worldwide Building Simulation Conference, BS 2025.

With the theme Carbon and Climate Responsive, the conference will be held in Brisbane from August 24–27, 2025. It will be jointly hosted by the IBPSA-Australasia and AIRAH, and aims to bring together the interests of academics, practitioners, students, and policy-makers from around the world.

BS 2025 will focus on the leading issues that drive the use of simulation in the built environment, including how simulation relates to achieving net zero energy and carbon both now and in the future, without compromising people’s health and wellbeing.

Scientific research will be presented alongside practical examples and the latest in innovation, exploring how the building simulation community can contribute to the betterment of our world.

In addition to the technical program, the conference will include workshops, site visits, panel sessions, a conference dinner and awards ceremony, social functions and a partner program.

Visit www.bs2025.org for more information n

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Software news

Software news DesignBuilder news: v7.3 Beta released, weather data, and ASHRAE Award In the ever-evolving world of sustainable building design, staying at the forefront of technology and education is essential. This article explores the latest developments from DesignBuilder, including the release of the v7.3 beta version, the significance of high-quality weather data in building performance modelling, and the recent ASHRAE UK Education Award.

DesignBuilder’s v7.3 Beta Version: Elevating Modelling Capabilities

DesignBuilder has recently unveiled its v7.3 beta version, promising enhanced modelling capabilities and productivity. This update brings a host of powerful new features that promise to revolutionise the way professionals approach building design and performance analysis.

Detailed HVAC Systems: The inclusion of air and water source plant loop heat pumps, generic unitary AHU, and flexible options for CO2 control empowers modellers to simulate HVAC systems with greater accuracy.

ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G 2016: Improvements to Systems #11, #12, and #13 make compliance with energy standards smoother than ever, ensuring that buildings meet regulatory requirements.

LEED v4.1 MEPC Reports: DesignBuilder’s commitment to sustainable design extends to providing support for LEED certification, streamlining the reporting process.

Daylighting Calculations: Updates for sDA and ASE annual daylighting calculations, as well as right-to-light BS 8206-2 daylighting reports, enable designers to optimise natural lighting.

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Geometry Modelling Tools: Enhancements to the Boolean, Cutting, and Clone geometry modelling tools improve precision and efficiency in building geometry creation.

IGDB Glazing Database: The updated glazing database simplifies the selection of energy-efficient glazing options.

Linear Thermal Bridging: The addition of graphical linear thermal bridging length visualisation enhances thermal performance analysis.

The new features can be viewed here.

Weather Data in Building Performance Modelling: Harnessing Insights

Accurate weather data is the lifeblood of building performance modelling, and a recent virtual round table discussion shed light on this critical aspect. The discussion featured distinguished panellists who shared their insights on the sources, quality, and applications of weather data.

Dru Crawley, Director of Building Performance Research at Bentley Systems, discussed the importance of reliable weather data sources, emphasising the availability of hourly weather files at https://Climate.OneBuilding.org.

Andy Tindale, Co-founder of DesignBuilder Software, underscored the significance of tailoring weather data to specific modelling needs. He introduced the DesignBuilder Climate Analytics weather data service, which aims to provide high-quality, customisable weather data to enhance modelling accuracy.

Joe Huang, President and Founder of White Box Technologies, highlighted the offerings of White Box Technologies, including their weather data service, and discussed the sources of high-quality weather data.

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Throughout the discussion, various aspects of weather data, including its evolution, future climate considerations, data quality, and matching data to specific applications, were explored. A recording of the session can be viewed here.

DesignBuilder Wins ASHRAE UK Education Award: Fostering Sustainable Education

DesignBuilder’s commitment to education and sustainability extends beyond software innovation. The company has been honoured with the ASHRAE UK Education Award for its user-friendly interface and comprehensive on-demand training program, which have simplified and accelerated the learning process for students worldwide.

The on-demand training, developed by DesignBuilder’s expert technical staff, offers intuitive training videos, interactive quizzes, exercises, models, and supporting content. It complements university curricula and the user-friendly DesignBuilder interface, providing foundational skills and knowledge for sustainable building design.

DesignBuilder is dedicated to supporting the next generation of building professionals.

As a student, you can take advantage of their affordable student personal license, granting access to all the modules needed for your coursework and research studies.

This commitment to education and accessibility empowers students to focus on learning and research without the burden of prohibitive costs.

The ASHRAE UK Education Award stands as a testament to DesignBuilder’s collective efforts and their commitment to sustainable education. You can explore the on-demand training content for academia by visiting the DesignBuilder Online Training and DesignBuilder Software For Education pages on their website. n

TRACE® 3D Plus meets Spawn: integrating building models with controls Kaustubh Phalak, Trane Technologies In 2021, the US Department of Energy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and other partners released Spawn-ofEnergyPlus (Spawn), a next-generation engine intended to bridge the worlds of

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BEM and control workflows. Spawn integrates HVAC and control models developed in Modelica with envelope models from EnergyPlus. After the release of the Modelica package for Spawn in Modelica Buildings Library (MBL), Trane started using Spawn for research-oriented projects. While Spawn unlocks new possibilities, it introduces a hurdle for modellers: the need to write building envelope information in input data files (IDFs). To bridge this gap, we turned to TRACE® 3D Plus (TRACE).

TRACE is built on a modified version of the EnergyPlus engine, with additional features based on industry experience. These additional objects, fields, and control options, differentiate its IDF and input data dictionary (IDD) files from EnergyPlus and therefore we cannot directly use the IDF from TRACE with Spawn.

In 2022 Trane developed a workflow that integrates the building envelope models created in TRACE seamlessly with HVAC systems and control models built in Modelica and Simulink, and with other control-modelling tools used at Trane, but this is exclusively for internal use.

Prior to Spawn, we explored and used solutions like the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) and EnergyPlusToFMU for hard-coupling of controls with TRACE models.

These were satisfactory for the specific projects for which they were created, but usability and complexity limited their adoption for other projects. As our needs evolved to encompass the co-simulation of building models with Modelica-based refrigerant system models and controls, we sought innovative solutions to bridge this gap.

TRACE to Spawn To meet co-simulation requirements more effectively, we devised a solution that converts TRACE IDFs into Spawn-compatible IDFs. This uses a Python conversion script to compare TRACE and EnergyPlus IDD files, remove additional fields from a given IDF, and replace them with EnergyPlus-compatible alternatives, if needed.

While this process may entail sacrificing certain TRACE features, it ensures seamless compatibility. The flow diagram below illustrates this conversion process and shows a SingleFamilyHouse.AirHeating model from MBL with its IDF replaced by a similar model created in TRACE:

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Unlocking new applications In addition to addressing the use of HVAC with controls, this workflow simplifies the export of Functional Mockup Units (FMUs) from TRACE building models. Causal wrappers for Spawn can be developed in Modelica, enabling effortless TRACE building export as FMUs. These FMUs have proven invaluable for model sharing and facilitating testing of AI and ML-based controls.

Acknowledgments We are grateful to Michael Wetter, Scott Munns, Matt Biesterveld, Nagappan Chidambaram, Jim Spielbauer and the TRACE development team for their invaluable support. The work was presented at American Modelica Conference 2022, and our paper can be download at https://2022.american.conference.modelica.org/ documents/02_presentations/namodelica2022_Presentation_29.pdf n

Updated Canadian and Uruguay Climate Datasets published on Climate.

OneBuilding.Org We have updated to the latest version of CWEC 2020 on our web site with 564 Canadian locations, with data through 2017, including 72 northern locations which incorporate satellite solar radiation data. This update includes both TMY and TDY for data through 2017. (https://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/cmc/climate/Engineer_ Climate/CWEC_FMCCE) . These include:

n Typical Meteorological Years using the TMY/ISO 15927-4:2005 methodologies. n Typical DNI (direct normal insolation) Years with 100% weighting on DNI solar data (TMY weights solar 40%) Also updated was the AMTUes v 2.5 (Año Meteorológico Típico para aplicaciones de Energía Solar) data for 5 locations in Uruguay: https://les.edu.uy/en/products/ typical-meteorological-year-v2/ .

To see a list of the newly available data, visit https://climate.onebuilding.org/ WMO_Region_4_North_and_Central_America/CAN_Canada and https://climate. onebuilding.org/WMO_Region_3_South_America/URY_Uruguay or view the KMLs (https://climate.onebuilding.org/WMO_Region_4_North_and_Central_America/ Region4_Canada_EPW_Processing_locations.kml or https://climate.onebuilding. org/WMO_Region_3_South_America/Region3_South_America_EPW_Processing_ locations.kml) in Google Earth, Google Maps, or other mapping tools.

With this update, Climate.OneBuilding.org now provides TMYx climate data at no cost for more than 16,100 locations in more than 250 countries and another 21,000 files from other data sources. All data have been through extensive quality checking to identify and correct data errors and out of normal range values where appropriate.

For more information or to download any of the climate data (no cost), go to https:// Climate.OneBuilding.org n

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Oikolab’s ERA5 Reanalysis data Since 2018, Oikolab (https://oikolab.com) has been providing historical weather datasets to the building energy simulation community. In 2022, Climate One Building (https://climate.onebuilding.org) published updated TMY EPW files for 16,100 locations around the world using solar and other meteorological data derived from ERA5 Reanalysis data provided by Oikolab data service.

Reanalysis is a process of ‘cleaning’ noisy observation data to produce a consistent, gap-free, analysis ready dataset. This is done by correcting for observational noises and gaps using the latest advances in atmospheric science and all available sources of data, from ground station measurements to aircraft, weather balloon, and satellite measurements. This approach of combining observation data with atmospheric physics allows a complete re-construction of the state of the atmosphere for any given time and location that represents the latest scientific understanding of atmospheric physics. For building model simulations, this brings many advantages including the derivation of parameters not typically provided by ground observation data, such as the short-wave and long-wave radiation data needed to construct an EPW file. It also corrects any observational bias in the weather station.

The latest generation of reanalysis data published by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is called ERA5. This dataset is also used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to track global warming. This year, Oikolab’s Weather Data Downloader (https://weatherdownloader.oikolab.com) has been updated to create EPW files on the fly for any location and for any year from 1940, using either ERA5 data or a TMY file based on the latest 15 years (180 months) of data. EPW files are also programmatically accessible via an API. n

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About IBPSA

IBPSA on social media IBPSA has several internet presences on social media in addition to its main web site, its webinars, and affiliates’ sites. Thanks to Mike Barker for collating the list below: Main IBPSA web site

www.ibpsa.org

There is a wealth of material on the main web site, including past editions of ibpsaNEWS back to 1988 and links to affiliates’ web sites at:

www.ibpsa.org/affiliates

Linkedin: IBPSA

www.linkedin.com/company/ibpsaworld

IBPSA Group

www.linkedin.com/groups/75552

IBPSA - Daylighting & BIPV & Fenestration

www.linkedin.com/groups/78517

IBPSA - EnergyPlus + Modelica

www.linkedin.com/groups/2085105

JBPS

www.linkedin.com/company/journal-of-building-performancesimulation

YouTube (IBPSA University)

www.youtube.com/@IBPSAUniversity

X (Twitter)

https://twitter.com/IBPSA?s=20

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About IBPSA

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About IBPSA

IBPSA affiliates See the IBPSA Central web site at http://www.ibpsa.org/?page_id=29 for details of affiliate websites and contacts. Affiliate representatives are voting members of the IBPSA Board except where marked *.

ibpsaNEWS

IBPSA-Argentina contact: Raul Fernando Ajmat

IBPSA-Italy contact: Vincenzo Corrado

IBPSA-Australasia contact: P C Thomas

IBPSA-Japan contact: Yohei Yamaguchi

IBPSA-Brazil contact: Eduardo Graia da Cunha

IBPSA-Korea contact: Cheol-Soo Park

IBPSA-Canada contact: Karine Lavigne

IBPSA-Mexico contact: Ivan Oropeza-Perez

IBPSA-Chile contact: Massimo Palme

IBPSA-Netherlands + Flanders contact: Wim Plokker

IBPSA-China contact: Da Yan

IBPSA-Nordic contact: Laurent Georges

IBPSA-Czech Republic contact: Martin Barták

IBPSA-Poland contact: Piotr Narowski

IBPSA-DACH* contact: Christoph Nytsch-Geusen

IBPSA-Russia contact: Ilya Zavaleev

IBPSA-Danube contact: Marija Todorovic

IBPSA-Scotland contact: Nick Kelly

IBPSA-Egypt contact: Mohammad Fahmy

IBPSA-Singapore contact: Adrian Chong

IBPSA-England contact: Neveen Hamza

IBPSA-Slovakia contact: Jakub Čurpek

IBPSA-France contact: Simon Rouchier

IBPSA-Spain contact: Victor Moreno Solana

IBPSA-India contact: Vishal Garg

IBPSA-Turkey contact: Gülsu Ulukavak Harputlugil

IBPSA-Indonesia contact: Muhammed Nur Fajri Alfata

IBPSA-USA contact: Wangda Zuo

IBPSA-Iran contact: Zahra Sadat Zomorodian

IBPSA-Vietnam contact: Hoang Anh Dang

IBPSA-Ireland contact: Paul O’Sullivan

* IBPSA-DACH brings together three German-speaking countries: Germany, Austria & Switzerland

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IBPSA committee chairs & contacts Affiliate & Membership Development Committee

Publications Committee

Dru Crawley

Francesco Babich

Awards & Fellows Committee

Standards Committee

Liam O’Brien

Dru Crawley

Communications Committee

IBPSA News

Christina Hopfe

Renjith Jayapalan-Nair, Editor-in-Chief (Acting) Marion Bartholomew, Editor

Conference Committee Erik Kolderup

Rob McLeod

To submit Newsletter articles and announcements: Renjith Jayapalan-Nair (Newsletter Editor-in-Chief) DesignBuilder Email: Renjith.Jayapalan-Nair@designbuilder.co.uk

Education Committee

IBPSA Corporate Address

Pamela Fennell

c/o Miller Thomson 40 King Street West, Suite 5800 Toronto, ON M5H 3S1 Canada

EDI Committee

Projects Committee Matthias Haase

For additional information about IBPSA, please visit the Association’s web site at www.ibpsa.org. For information on joining, contact your nearest regional affiliate.

Members can subscribe to the IBPSA mail list (and, if desired, unsubscribe or edit) via a web interface which is available at http://lists.onebuilding.org/listinfo.cgi/bldg-sim-onebuilding.org. Note that this mailing list is solely for IBPSA-related notices and to ensure that you receive future important IBPSA updates (including the election process and announcements of IBPSA News releases).

For any other purposes, please use the BLDG-SIM list. BLDG-SIM is a mailing list for users of building energy simulation programs worldwide, including weather data and other software support resources. BLDG-SIM is intended to foster the development of a community of those users. Experienced and inexperienced users of building energy simulation programs are welcome and are expected to share their questions and insights about these programs.

If you have any questions with respect to the BLDG-SIM, please contact the list owner: Jason Glazer at jglazer@gard.com or +1 847 698 5686. This list is made possible courtesy of GARD Analytics, Inc., Ridge Park, IL, USA. For further information about this list server, see the web page located at http://lists. onebuilding.org/listinfo.cgi/bldg-sim-onebuilding.org. n

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Books by IBPSA Fellows

Books by IBPSA Fellows Building Performance Analysis (Wiley, 2018) Building Performance Analysis is the go-to resource for those who want to have a deep understanding of what building performance is. The book is endorsed by IBPSA. Offering a comprehensive and systematic overview of the concept of building performance analysis, Building Performance Analysis brings together many existing notions and ideas in one title. A substantial book, it has 11 chapters, 600 pages, and cites over 1600 references. Part I deals with the foundations of building performance, Part II deals with performance assessment, and Part III with the impact of applying of building performance analysis throughout the building life cycle. The book concludes with an epilogue that presents an emerging theory of building performance analysis.

Written for the building science community, it aims to make the following contributions to the field: 1 2

It reviews the significant body of knowledge on building performance that already exists.

It emphasizes that building performance has many aspects, and challenges the community to address those that get less prominence in the literature.

3 Going beyond simulation as a tool for building performance analysis, it also discusses physical measurement approaches, expert judgment, and stakeholder evaluation. It offers a review of the many analysis approaches available in each of these categories.

4 The emergent theory in the epilogue is intended as a key resource for researchers seeking to develop questions and hypothesis. This is intended as matter for discussion, debate, and deeper exploration. n

Building Performance Basics (Amazon KDP, 2022) Building Performance Basics is a short book intended as an introductory text for students at BSc and MSc level, a primer for those entering the industry, and a refresher for those who are already in practice but want to sharpen their view. As Building Performance Analysis (above) is rather encyclopaedic, this booklet has been written with a different tone and set-up: short and cheerful, published with Amazon KDP in order to be quick to market, brief and to the point, and more persuasive in order to champion the importance and role of building performance.

Building Performance Basics deals with core questions about building performance: Why is it important? What exactly is it? Where does it play a role? Who should champion building performance? How do we quantify it? And how much performance should we aim for?

Building Performance Basics aims to provide a solid foundation for further professional development and learning about building performance, and for claiming leadership about building performance in practice.

In academic courses, it provides context to modules that introduce students to hands-on performance quantification efforts using simulation, measurement and occupant surveys. In industry, this book can be used at any time where there is a wish to refresh a role as building performance champion. n

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20% Discount Available With This Flyer!

Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation /% &%*5*0/

Edited by Jan L.M. Hensen, Technical University of Eindhoven, the Netherlands and Roberto Lamberts, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil This new edition provides a unique and comprehensive overview of building performance simulation for the complete building life-cycle from conception to demolition, and from a single building to district level. It contains new chapters on building information modelling, occupant behaviour modelling, urban physics modelling, urban building energy modelling, and renewable energy systems modelling.

This new edition keeps the same chapter structure throughout including learning objectives, chapter summaries and assignments. It is primarily intended for building and systems designers and operators, post-graduate architectural, environmental or mechanical engineering students.

5BCMF PG $POUFOUT *OUSPEVDUJPO UP CVJMEJOH QFSGPSNBODF TJNVMBUJPO +BO )FOTFO BOE 3PCFSUP -BNCFSUT 5IF SPMF PG TJNVMBUJPO JO QFSGPSNBODF CBTFE CVJMEJOH (PEGSJFE "VHFOCSPF 8FBUIFS EBUB GPS CVJMEJOH QFSGPSNBODF TJNVMBUJPO $IBSMFT #BSOBCZ BOE %SVSZ $SBXMFZ 1FPQMF JO CVJMEJOH QFSGPSNBODF TJNVMBUJPO "SEFTIJS .BIEBWJ BOE 'BSIBOH 5BINBTFCJ 5IFSNBM MPBE BOE FOFSHZ QFSGPSNBODF QSFEJDUJPO +FGGSFZ 4QJUMFS 7FOUJMBUJPO QFSGPSNBODF QSFEJDUJPO +FMFOB 4SFCSJD *OEPPS UIFSNBM RVBMJUZ QFSGPSNBODF QSFEJDUJPO $ISJTUPQI WBO 5SFFDL BOE %BOJFM 8ÚMLJ $PNQVUBUJPOBM NPEFMJOH JO BSDIJUFDUVSBM BDPVTUJDT "SEFTIJS .BIEBWJ %BZMJHIU QFSGPSNBODF QSFEJDUJPOT $ISJTUPQI 3FJOIBSU .PJTUVSF NPEFMJOH BOE EVSBCJMJUZ BTTFTTNFOU PG CVJMEJOH FOWFMPQFT SFDFOU BEWBODFT "ZUBÎ ,VCJMBZ 9JBPIBJ ;IPV %PNJOJRVF %FSPNF BOE +BO $BSNFMJFU )7"$ TZTUFNT QFSGPSNBODF QSFEJDUJPO .JDSP DPHFOFSBUJPO TZTUFN QFSGPSNBODF QSFEJDUJPO *BO #FBVTPMFJM .PSSJTPO #VJMEJOH TJNVMBUJPO GPS QSBDUJDBM PQFSBUJPOBM PQUJNJ[BUJPO %BWJE $MBSJEHF BOE .JUDIFMM 1BVMVT .PEFMMJOH BOE TJNVMBUJPO JO CVJMEJOH BVUPNBUJPO TZTUFNT (SFHPS )FO[F *OUFHSBUFE SFTPVSDF GMPX NPEFMMJOH PG UIF VSCBO CVJMU FOWJSPONFOU %BSSFO 3PCJOTPO #VJMEJOH TJNVMBUJPO GPS QPMJDZ TVQQPSU %SVSZ $SBXMFZ " WJFX PO GVUVSF CVJMEJOH TZTUFN NPEFMMJOH BOE TJNVMBUJPO .JDIBFM 8FUUFS #*. BOE #14 " DBTF TUVEZ PG JOUFHSBUJPO DPTU NFUSJDT BOE EFTJHO PQUJPOT 5JNPUIZ )FNTBUI .BUUIFX (PMETCFSSZ BOE +PFM :PX .PEFMMJOH BOE TJNVMBUJPO PG CVJMEJOH HSJE JOUFSBDUJPO 8BOHEB ;VP .PEFMMJOH )7"$ BOE SFOFXBCMF FOFSHZ QMBOU BOE DPOUSPM $ISJTUPQIFS 6OEFSXPPE BOE 4JNPO 3FFT 6SCBO CVJMEJOH FOFSHZ NPEFMMJOH $ISJTUPQI 3FJOIBSU 6SCBO QIZTJDT NPEFMMJOH BOE TJNVMBUJPO #FSU #MPDLFO

20% Discount Available - enter the code &/( at checkout* Hb: 978-1-138-39219-9 | £76.00 * Offer cannot be used in conjunction with any other offer or discount and only applies to books purchased directly via our website.

For more details, or to request a copy for review, please contact:

For more information visit: www.routledge.com/9781138392199

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Books by IBPSA Fellows

Fundamentals of Building Performance Simulation Ian Beausoleil-Morrison, Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

August 2020: 372pp 64 illustrations Hb: 978-0-367-51805-9 | $155.00 Pb: 978-0-367-51806-6 | $85.95 eBook: 978-1-003-05527-3

Fundamentals of Building Performance Simulation pares the theory and practice of a multi-disciplinary field to the essentials for classroom learning and real-world applications. Authored by a veteran educator and researcher, this textbook equips graduate students and emerging and established professionals in architecture and engineering to predict and optimize buildings’ energy use.

Each subject is introduced without reference to particular modelling tools while problems at the end of each chapter provide hands-on experience with the tools of the reader’s choice.

20% Discount Available - enter the code FLR40 at checkout* Hb: 978-0-367-51805-9 | $124.00 Pb: 978-0-367-51806-6 | $68.76 * Offer cannot be used in conjunction with any other offer or discount and only applies to books purchased directly via our website.

For more details, or to request a copy for review, please contact: orders@taylorandfrancis.com

For more information visit: www.routledge.com/9780367518066

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New content alerts

Special Issues

Open access articles

Most read articles

Most cited articles

Current calls for papers: Special Issue: Machine Learning meets Simulation Special Issue: The Energy Performance Gap Special Issue: Methods for climate-resilient building performance simulations under impacts of changing climate

Recently published articles (since previous IBPSA News) = open access

= free access

Hugo Geoffroy, Julien Berger, Benoît Colange, Sylvain Lespinats & Denys Dutykh (2022) The use of dimensionality reduction techniques for fault detection and diagnosis in a AHU unit: critical assessment of its reliability, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:3, 249-267 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2080864 Hugo Geoffroy, Julien Berger, Evelyne Gonze & Catherine Buhe (2022) Experimental dataset for an AHU air-to-air heat exchanger with normal and simulated fault operations, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:3, 268-290 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2097311 Kevin Cant & Ralph Evins (2022) Improved calibration of building models using approximate Bayesian calibration and neural networks, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:3, 291-307 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2137236 Dariusz Heim & Tomasz Kułakowski (2022) Thermal model of heat transfer in a PCM multilayer construction using Moving Mushy Volume Approach – verification, validation and sensitivity analysis, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:3, 308-326 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2138548 Juanli Guo, Zhoupeng Wang, Mingchen Li & Yongyun Jin (2022) Uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis of energy consumption in substation buildings at the planning stage, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:3,327-345 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2141881

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Francesco Carlucci, Roel C.G.M. Loonen, Francesco Fiorito & Jan L.M. Hensen (2022) A novel approach to account for shape-morphing and kinetic shading systems in building energy performance simulations, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:3, 346-365 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2142294 Mario Alves da Silva, Rafael de Paula Garcia & Joyce Correna Carlo (2022) Performance assessment of RBFMOpt, NSGA2, and MHACO on the thermal and energy optimization of an office building, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:3, 366-380 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2143568 Muhammad Zeeshan, Zaib Ali & Emad Ud Din (2022) Thermal performance prediction of street trees inside isolated open spaces – evaluations from real scale retrofitting project, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:4, 381-397 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2038270 Dilini Wickrama Achchige, Dong Chen, Georgios Kokogiannakis & Massimo Fiorentini (2022) Probabilistic modelling of occupants’ thermostat preferences for residential building energy simulation and rating, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:4, 398-414 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2147674 Hanieh Nourkojouri, Arman Nikkhah Dehnavi, Sheida Bahadori & Mohammad Tahsildoost (2023) Early design stage evaluation of architectural factors in fire emergency evacuation of the buildings using Pix2Pix and explainable XGBoost model, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:4, 415-433 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2163422 Andrea Carlo D’Alicandro & Alessandro Mauro (2023) Experimental and numerical analysis of CO2 transport inside a university classroom: effects of turbulent models, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:4, 434-459 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2163423 Zhen Miao, Zhendi Ma, Qiongxiang Kong & Yaolin Jiang (2023) Factors affecting air distribution in air conditioning air supply room based on SUPG finite element and zero equation, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:4, 460-476 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2177731 Chen Chen, Lup Wai Chew & Catherine Gorlé (2023) Characterizing spatial variability in the temperature field to support thermal model validation in a naturally ventilated building, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:4, 477-492 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2179115 Zhujing Zhang, Kevin J. Kircher, Yuan Cai, Jonathon G. Brearley, David P. Birge & Leslie K. Norford (2023) Mitigating peak load and heat stress under heatwaves by optimizing adjustments of fan speed and thermostat setpoint, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:4, 493-506 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2180538 Young Sub Kim & Cheol Soo Park (2023) Real-time predictive control of HVAC systems for factory building using lightweight data-driven model, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:5, 507-525 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2182363 Juanli Guo, Jian Zhou, Mingchen Li & Siao Lu (2023) Based on ANN and many-objective optimization to improve the performance and economy of village houses in Chinese cold

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regions, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:5, 526-536 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2183259 Nima Izadyar, Wendy Miller, Behzad Rismanchi, Veronica Garcia-Hansen & Soha Matour (2023) Balcony design and surrounding constructions effects on natural ventilation performance and thermal comfort using CFD simulation: a case study, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:5, 537-556 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2185682 Hao Ding, Guoqing Yu, Lin Gu & Daina Luo (2023) Experiments and simulations on the energy performance of semi-transparent photovoltaic roof-integrated skylight glazing, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:5, 557-573 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2185683 Hyeong-Gon Jo, Seo-Hee Choi & Cheol Soo Park (2023) Linear regression based indoor daylight illuminance estimation with simple measurements for daylight-linked lighting control, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:5, 574-587 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2185684 K. F. Fong, C. K. Lee, M. K. H. Leung, Y. J. Sun, Guangya Zhu, Seung Hyo Baek, X. J. Luo, Tim Ka Kui Lo & Hetty Sin Ying Leung (2023) A hybrid multiple sensor fault detection, diagnosis and reconstruction algorithm for chiller plants, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:5, 588-608 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2189303 Rebecca Ward, Ruchi Choudary, Melanie Jans Singh, Flora Roumpani, Tomas Lazauskas, May Yong, Nicholas Barlow & Markus Hauru (2023) The challenges of using live-streamed data in a predictive digital twin, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 16:5, 609-630 https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2187463

Latest articles (published online but no volume, issue or page numbers yet)

Muhammad Zeeshan, Zaib Ali, Muhammad Sajid, Majid Ali & Muhammad Usman (2022) Modelling the cooling effectiveness of street trees with actual canopy drag and real transpiration rate under representative climatic conditions, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead-of-print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2080865 Na Luo, Xuan Luo, Mohammad Mortezazadeh, Maher Albettar, Wanni Zhang, Dongxue Zhan, Liangzhu (Leon) Wang & Tianzhen Hong (2022) A data schema for exchanging information between urban building energy models and urban microclimate models in coupled simulations, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead-of-print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2142295 Rebecca I. Pinto & Ian Beausoleil-Morrison (2023) Experimental validation of a numerical model for a sand-based seasonal thermal energy storage, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead-of-print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2191338

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Sen Huang, Robert Lutes, Cary A. Faulkner, Draguna L. Vrabie, Srinivas Katipamula & Wangda Zuo (2023) An open-source framework for simulation-based testing of buildings control strategies, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2191220 Jinjun Ye, Zhengtao Ai & Yufan Chang (2023) Aerosol transmission in queuing and dining scenarios in canteens and the effectiveness of control measures, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2193559 Luigi Bottecchia, Mattia Dallapiccola, Lukas Kranzl & Pietro Zambelli (2023) Discussing the needs of high resolution data: their impact in evaluating solar potential considering the horizon height, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2195838 Mona Subramaniam A., Tushar Jain & Joseph J. Yamé (2023) Bilinear observer-based robust adaptive fault estimation for multizone building VAV terminal units, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2196971 A. Carratt, G. Kokogiannakis & D. Daly (2023) Development and performance evaluation of a minimum input model calibration methodology for residential buildings, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2195828 Tuule Mall Parts, Andrea Ferrantelli, Hendrik Naar, Martin Thalfeldt & Jarek Kurnitski (2023) Wax actuator’s empirical model development and application to underfloor heating control with varying complexity of controller modelling detail, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2201818 M. Y. C. Van Hove, M. Delghust & J. Laverge (2023) Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of building-stock energy models: sampling procedure, stock size and Sobol’ convergence, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2201816 Alice Maury-Micolier, Lei Huang & Olivier Jolliet (2023) Coupled mass and heat transfer modelling in building envelopes to consistently assess human exposure and energy performance in indoor environments, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2200377 Zhihong Pang, Xing Lu, Pingfan Hu, Zheng O’Neill & Qingsheng Wang (2023) SIREN – smart ventilation for infection risk mitigation and HVAC energy efficiency: a case study amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2208558 F. Ochs, N. Franzoi, G. Dermentzis, W. Monteleone & M. Magni (2023) Monitoring and simulation-based optimization of two multi-apartment NZEBs with heat pump, solar thermal and PV, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2227605 Ankit Kumar, Jyoti Ranjan Mishra & Suresh Pandian Elumalai (2023) Importance of measuring the temperature of paved surfaces to study the changes in the microclimate of an

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urban area, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2232336 Marzio Piller, Gabriele Bulian & Carlo Antonio Stival (2023) Assessment of infection probability indices for airborne diseases in confined spaces: combination of CFD and analytical modelling, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2232341 Charalampos Vallianos, Matin Abtahi, Andreas Athienitis, Benoit Delcroix & Luis Rueda (2023) Online model-based predictive control with smart thermostats: application to an experimental house in Québec, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2243602 Siqi He, Hankun Li, Yonghong Yan & Hongyi Cai (2023) Calibrating lighting simulation with panoramic high dynamic range imaging, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2242306 Melina Sirati, William O'Brien & Cynthia A. Cruickshank (2023) Household energy and comfort impacts under teleworking scenarios via a zoned residential HVAC system, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2245796 Yan Ding, Wanyue Chen, Zhiyao Wang, Shian Maun Nicole Kueh, Shen Wei & Fan Yang (2023) A comprehensive model considering multiple types of occupant behavior for building energy performance prediction and simulation – taking a university campus as an example, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2250310 Ashraf Alghanmi & Akilu Yunusa-Kaltungo (2023) An ensemble-based faults detection and diagnosis approach for determining faults severities at whole-building level, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2247382 M. Y. C. Van Hove, M. Delghust & J. Laverge (2023) Quality assurance for building-stock energy models: a performance comparison of eleven uncertainty and sensitivity analysis methods, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2248063 Seongkwon Cho, Jin-Hong Kim & Cheol Soo Park (2023) Integrated control of radiant floor heating systems in residential buildings, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2251435 Laura Maier, David Jansen, Fabian Wüllhorst, Martin Kremer, Alexander Kümpel, Tobias Blacha & Dirk Müller (2023) AixLib: an open-source Modelica library for compound building energy systems from component to district level with automated quality management, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2250521 Alessandro Stracqualursi (2023) Climate adaptivity of urban form: an evaluation by the case study of Medina of Fès, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2251935 ibpsaNEWS

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Deepak Amaripadath, Mitali Yeshwant Joshi, Mohamed Hamdy, Steffen Petersen, Brian Stone, Jr. Junior & Shady Attia (2023) Thermal resilience in a renovated nearly zero-energy dwelling during intense heat waves, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2253460 Rustam S. Zakirullin & Irina A. Odenbakh (2023) Simulating annual autoregulation of daylight by grating smart window with angular-selective transmission, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2256690 Minu Agarwal, Luisa Pastore & Marilyne Andersen (2023) Risk of incorrect choices due to uncertainty in BPS evaluations of conceptual-stage neighbourhood-scale building designs, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2253458

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Special Issue: Machine Learning meets Simulation Manuscript deadline: 31 January 2024 Context: Contributions are invited for a Special Issue on the topic of Machine Learning meets Simulation. This builds on a previous Special Issue ‘Data-driven approaches to building simulation for enhanced building operation and grid interaction’. This time the scope is shifted from operation to design, including surrogate modelling and related topics that apply machine learning to aid in simulation at the design stage.

Topics: n Surrogate modelling (a machine learning model fitted to simulation outputs to approximate the performance of the detailed model) n Applications of surrogate models or other ML-related methods, including in the areas of building stock modelling, design exploration tools and modelling of existing buildings. n Physics-informed machine learning, where physical constraints are incorporated into machine learning algorithms directly n Calibration or optimization of simulation models using machine learning approaches (note that pure optimization using e.g. genetic algorithms with simulations directly are not in scope) n Any other ways of combining machine learning with more traditional physics-based simulations n Developments in machine learning to aid in integration with simulation tools, for example in time series modelling n The challenges of integrating machine learning with simulation, including assessing model accuracy, concerns of bias and gaining confidence from users Special Issue Editor: Ralph Evins, University of Victoria revins@uvic.ca Instructions for authors: https://think.taylorandfrancis.com/special_issues/machine-learning-meets-simulation

Special Issue: The Energy Performance Gap Manuscript deadline: 31 January 2024 Context: Typically predictions of building energy performance that stem from simulation tools do not fully map measured energy performance from these buildings once constructed and in use. Whilst some discrepancy can be expected, often the difference is significant, with some authors reporting a magnitude of 2 or 3. This

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Journal of Building Performance Simulation: Call for Papers for two Special Issues

Journal of Building Performance Simulation: Call for Papers for two Special Issues

Underlying the challenge of the energy performance gap are questions about the quality, credibility and ultimately utility of building performance modelling and simulation. In order to support the design and construction of buildings that meet quantified ambitions, to maintain customer confidence and credibility of the building engineering community, and to continue as a serious discipline, the building simulation community needs to reduce the energy performance gap to manageable dimensions, and be able to explain discrepancies between predictions and measurements. This is especially important if we move towards long term predictions with significant uncertainties, such as the performance of buildings subject to climate change. A good grip of the energy performance gap is also required for simulation to play a role in energy performance contracting.

Aims: This Special Issue intends to bring together recent developments that quantify the energy performance gap, explore underlying causes, and suggest approaches to reduce the magnitude of this gap. It will do this while taking into account that there are different types of energy performance gaps, such as a design performance gap, procurement gap, or regulatory performance gap, and that the magnitude and behaviour of these gaps may differ with different socio-economic contexts.

Topics of interest: Original research on the energy performance gap, aligned with the aims and scope of JBPS, focussing on:

n Status and magnitude of the energy performance gap: work that assesses the current situation and developments in the field, developing the evidence base and deeper assessment of the challenge.

n Underlying causes for the energy performance gap: studies that explore the root causes of the energy performance gap, helping to capture and manage the different factors that lead to the gap. n Model validation, verification and calibration: efforts in modelling and simulation that help to manage the gap, and which provide tools to manage the gap within the domain of scientific computing n Novel approaches to reduce the energy performance gap: work that aims at managing the performance gap which sits outside the more traditional validation, verification and calibration efforts, for instance quality control on site, new legislative frameworks and similar n District and urban energy performance gaps: studies at other spatial resolution levels n Performance gaps in other domains than energy performance: work that looks at other domains where there is a discrepancy between predicted and measured performance, such as lighting, acoustics or indoor air quality.

It is important to highlight that the following topics are outside the journal’s scope and will not be considered: case studies involving the routine application of commercially available building performance simulation tools that do not include validation or aspects that make a novel contribution to the knowledge base.

Special Issue Editors: Pieter de Wilde, University of Strathclyde pieter.dewilde@strath.ac.uk Cheol Soo Park, Seoul National University cheolsoo.park@snu.ac.kr Instructions for authors: https://think.taylorandfrancis.com/special_issues/energy-performance-gap n

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difference between predicted and measured energy performance is named the ‘energy performance gap’, and has been the subject of significant research efforts over the past decade.

Journal of Building Performance Simulation

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volume 33 number 2