Reuse and Urban Transformation in Eastern Lisbon - Human Scale

REUSE AND URBAN

TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON HUMAN SCALE

A ESCALA HUMANA

NO REUSO E

TRANSFORMAÇÃO URBANA EM LISBOA ORIENTAL

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

A escala humana No reuso e

Transformação urbana em Lisboa Oriental

Eleonora Curado Vieira Carvalho

Diplomação 2 ano acadêmico de 2020

Oerientadora

Vânia Teles Loureiro

UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA Arquitetura e Urbanismo agosto | 2020

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

Reuse and Urban

Transformation in eastern Lisbon

human scale Eleonora Curado Vieira Carvalho

Barchelor’s degree final work academic year of 2020

Supervisor

Vânia Teles Loureiro

UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA Architecture and Urbanism august | 2020

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

A escala humana No reuso e

Transformação urbana em Lisboa Oriental

Apresentação

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

O presente projeto é um produto fruto de dois trabalhos diferentes, entre-

tanto complementares. O primeiro volume consiste na tese, trabalho final de dupla diplomação desenvolvido na instituiçao Politecnico de Turim, e leva o título de “Reuso e transformação urbana em Lisboa Oriental”. O presente trabalho consiste no volume 2: um produto produzido para a Diplomação 2 para a Universidade de Brasília. Ele se equivale a um aprofundamento, por isso mantém o mesmo título apenas com o acréscimo de “escala humana”, que será o foco do aprofundamento. É, portanto, uma continuação que se respalda na perspectiva humana do espaço já projetado anteriormente. O inglês foi o idioma adotado para o desenvolvimento dos dois volumes, já que o volume 1 já havia sido desenvolvido em tal formato.

Em sua primeira fase, a tese contou com a orientação da professora Silvia

Gron, pela Politecnico de Turim, e do professor Sérgio Padrão, pela Universidade de Lisboa. A ideia de desenvolver uma transformação urbana sempre foi presente.

Lisboa, como muitas outras cidades pós industriais, urge de mudanças no tecido urbano e arquitetônico. Após fazer o contato com o professor Sérgio, me mudei para Lisboa por 4 meses para desenvolver o trabalho final.

A tese começou a se desenrolar com as concepções que tive da cidade

como turista, que se mesclaram com a de um residente com o passar dos meses.

Um amplo estudo sobre a história da cidade foi realizado, assim como análises sócio-espaciais, sobretudo da parte oriental de Lisboa: a mais afetada com a obsolecência industrial e portuária. Feita a escolha da área específica de intervençao, zona sul da freguesia de Marvila, e todo o seu diagnóstico, os princípios e premissas do projeto foram pensados.

Ao retornar a Turim, junto à professora Gron, foi decido o estilo gráfico que

conduziria o projeto. Desenvolvi a masterplan da área e esquemas que ilustram as principais propostas pontuais, além do reuso adaptativo da antiga fábrica de tabaco na região. Após a defesa da tese em Turim, iniciou-se uma segunda etapa do projeto, o presente trabalho, pela Universidade de Brasília.

O trabalho de diplomação ocorre, portanto, no sentido de complementa-

ção a um trabalho já realizado pela Politecnico. Nesta etapa contei com a orientação da professora Vânia Loureiro, que me ajudou a entender as lacunas que poderiam ser preenchidas no projeto. A conclusão chegada foi que o projeto deveria ser mais detalhado e pensado no âmbito da escala humana, ou seja, levando em conta os futuros usuários do espaço. Com novas referências bibliográficas e com uma área de projeto mais restrita, esta nova fase trás então um projeto mais sensível e detalhado dos espaços livres.

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

Reuse and Urban

Transformation in eastern Lisbon

human scale Presentation

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

The present project is a product of two different works, however comple-

mentary. The first volume consists of the thesis, a final double diploma work developed at the Politecnico de Turin institution, and takes the title “Reuse and urban transformation in Eastern Lisbon”. The present work consists of volume 2: a product produced for Diploma 2 for the University of Brasília. It is equivalent to a deepening, so it maintains the same title only with the addition of “human scale”, which will be the focus of the deepening. It is, therefore, a continuation that is based on the human perspective of the space already projected previously. English was the language adopted for the development of the two volumes since volume 1 had already been developed in such a format.

In its first phase, the thesis was supervised by Professor Silvia Gron, from

the Politecnico de Turin, and Professor Sérgio Padrão, from the University of Lisbon. The idea of ​​developing an urban transformation has always been present.

Lisbon, like many other post-industrial cities, is in need of changes in the urban and architectural fabric. After making contact with Professor Sérgio, I moved to Lisbon for 4 months to develop the final work.

The thesis began to unfold with the conceptions that I had of the city as a

tourist, which merged with that of a resident over the months. A wide study on the history of the city was carried out, as well as socio-spatial analyzes, especially in the eastern part of Lisbon: the most affected by industrial and port obsolescence.

After choosing the specific area of ​​intervention, in the southern part of the

parish of Marvila, and all its diagnosis, the principles and premises of the project were thought out. Upon returning to Turin, with Professor Gron, the graphic style that would lead the project was decided. I developed the masterplan for the area and schemes that illustrate the main specific proposals, in addition to the adaptive reuse of the old tobacco factory in the region. After defending the thesis in Turin, a second stage of the project, the present work, began by the University of Brasília.

This work takes place, therefore, in the sense of complementing a work

already carried out by Politecnico. At this stage, I had the guidance of Professor Vânia Loureiro, who helped me understand the gaps that could be filled in the project. The conclusion reached was that the project should be more detailed and thought on the human scale, that is, taking into account the future users of the space. With new bibliographic references and with a more restricted project area, this new phase then brings a more sensitive and detailed design of free spaces.

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

O trabalho será apresentado seguindo sua ordem de desen-

volvimento: primeiramente será apresentada a tese desenvolvida pela Poliectnico e, em seguida, o trabalho final de diplomação pela Universidade de Brasília. O segundo contempla já um resumo e apresentação das principais propostas, bibliografias e conceitos da primeira parte do projeto. Por isso, é se faz possível o entendimento do trabalho apenas com a leitura do volume 2.

The work will be presented following its construction order:

the thesis developed at Politecnico will be presented first, and then the final for the University of Brasilia. The second already includes a summary and presentation of the main proposals, bibliographies, and concepts from the first part of the project. Therefore, it is possible to understand the work just by reading directly volume 2.

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

Index

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

0. Introduction

0.1. THEMATIC FRAMEWORK AND goals

0.1.1. Gentrification 0.2. GOALS 0.3. work structure 0.4. methodology

1. New theoretical references

1.1. THE HUMAN SCALE

1.1.1. Jan Gehl

2. New guidelines

2.1. SPACES FOR MOVEMENT AND SPACES FOR PERMANENCE

3. New diagnosis

3.1. previous diagnosis: photos 3.1.1. Oriental Lisbon 3.1.2. South Marvila 3.1.3. Project area 3.2. LOCATION OF THE URBAN deepening 3.3. EXISITING URBAN PLANNINGS FOR THE ZONE AND MAIN FLOWS 3.4. THE RESIDENTS OPINIONS 3.5. URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

3.5.1. Ground and buildings uses in oriental Lisbon

3.5.2. Ground and buildings uses in the project area

3.5.3. Roads hierarchy

3.5.4. Flows of activities

3.5.5. Free spaces potential

4. New final results

4.1. road interventions 4.2. NEW ZONING 4.3. NEW BUILDING USES 4.4. PERSPECTIVES FROM HUMAN SCALE

4.4.1. Spaces of movement: shared street

4.4.2. Spaces of permanence: Braรงo da Prata garden

5. Final considerations

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

Introduction

0.1. THEMATIC FRAMEWORK

The present work has as main purpose the implementation of the human

scale in the context of the project, as a deepning of the first volume attached to work. In the first volume, regarding the work conducted at Politecnico, an extensive diagnosis of the area of South Marvila had already been carried out: full and empty spaces, green and attractive locations, land use, and architectural typologies mapping. After the diagnosis, some urban proposal were made. The main results were a road intervention following the Plan of Matinha; a proposal for new urban plazas in strategic locations; the removal of buildings with a high level of degradation to make room for new greens, and a proposal for mixed-use in buildings that were rehabilitated for reuse. These suggestions were consistent, but made vaguely, due to the magnitude of the intervention area. With this in mind, the main objective of this final work, developed at the University of Brasilia, is to deepen and detail strategic free urban spaces in this large project area.

The territory focus will be the free spaces located between the train station

and the riverfront. This route from the station to the riverside must be stimulated so that it becomes increasingly dynamic and attractive to reach the shore on foot.

Currently, this area is full of urban voids that have already been mapped in the previous work. The proposal to make them public plazas may not be enough to truly occupy them. Therefore, each space must be carefully studied to generate a specific proposal for each field.

Some empty spaces have already been occupied by residents, as vegetable

gardens were created in the open spaces existing in the context of old villages.

Even so, there are voids that have been occupied and reinvented in another way.

These spaces can be filled with activities related to residents simbologies and expectations for their neighbourhood.

Taking into account its privileged location in the city and the view over the

Tagus River, this riverside area is undergoing major transformations. It is becoming a pole of attraction for public and private investment, aimed at the rehabilitation of the building and the regeneration of the urban grid. The transformations taking place in this territory are many, from the expansion of public infrastructure to the construction of new housing. In South Marvila real estate investment and the conยน Falanga, R. Ferheij, J. e Berardi, F. (2020). Marvila: vazios urbano cheios de passado, presente e futuro. Retrieved from https://www.publico.pt/2020/06/14/local/noticia/marvila-vazios-urbanos-cheios-passado-presente-futuro-1920182

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

struction of luxury condominiums along the river have been determining a profound transformation and gentrification phenomena that reflect, to a large extent, what has happened in almost the entire city, manly on the center.

0.1.1. GENTRIFICATION

The gentrification has already been treated in the past work as a negative

consequence of some transformations in the project area and in the intire city of Lisbon. It is a huge paradox that the parish of Marvila, which is predominantly made up of residents of medium or low purchasing power, is the target of projects of a big scale and audiences. This area is home to a high rate of needy people and, currently, it receives architectural interventions that are not primarily aimed at the well-being or even the needs of this group of residents.

Since 2016, western cities have been suffering gentrification caused by

newcomers who no longer seek to reside in the cities, but visit them for a short stay ². As the new Portuguese tourism legislation, in force, since 2012, radically liberalized the hotel accommodation markets, it became possible to rent rooms for a few days - turning them into improvised hostels and AirBnBs.

In addition to gentrification by accommodation, urban gentrification also

occurs in this area of Lisbon. Urban gentrification is understood as isolated or associated rehabilitation and requalification processes aimed at altering and refurbishing historic centers or even other areas, such as old industrial buildings.³

Currently, entire parishes in Lisbon have been impacted by this change.

Even other non-residential activities, such as commerce and services of local capital, are targeting tourists and have no concerns with the needs of local inhabitants ⁴. The exponential increase in the amounts charged on rent renders the development of its activities unfeasible and gradually it is replaced by commercial activities linked to the large fast-food chains and counterparts, clothing, and others that are appropriate to the new consumption pattern imposed on that location.⁵ This makes the cost of the permanence of the activity unfeasible, due to the increasing value of the property lease. ² Bringue do Amaral, P. (2016). A segunda gentrificação de Lisboa. Retrieved from https://www. esquerda.net/dossier/segunda-gentrificacao-de-lisboa/44848 ³ Bringue do Amaral, P. (2016). A segunda gentrificação de Lisboa. cit. ⁴ Martins, S. F. (2020). Turismo, gentrificação urbana e (des) alojamento local na cidade de Lisboa - Portugal. ⁵ Martins, S. F. (2020). Turismo, gentrificação urbana e (des) alojamento local na cidade de Lisboa - Portugal.cit.

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

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The main challenge in the current situation is, therefore, to

regulate tourist activity so that it serves the interests of the city, its inhabitants, and those who visit it. This work aims to serve residents first, but also to create spaces capable of attract visitors to the region in order to create a dynamic zone in the neighborhood.

0.2. GOALS

The main objectives of the work are, therefore, to work the

free areas between the train station and the riverfront in a system that does not annul the local identity, but creates pleasant paths and spaces for residents. The second objective is to create a connection on a smaller scale with the Parque das Naçþes parish, an area already well consolidated with the Expo and a well-valued residential and commercial area, and with the center of Lisbon.

The specific objectives, which will work to guarantee the ful-

fillment of the two general objects, are: to create areas of interaction between buildings and streets, to include more green spaces in the lives of the people who live in the area, to include urban furniture for people to transform, over time, specific locations of these free spaces into spaces of permanence.

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

0.3. WORK STRUCTURE

The work is organized in 5 chapters plus the introduction. The

introduction concerns the context of the project and the timeline of the development of the product. It explains the work approach taking into account what was developed at Politecnico di Torino and the new goals from now on. Chapter 1 brings the new theoretical reference adopted during this new phase of the project, which mainly focused on bringing a human scale to the spaces. The second chapter is about the new guidelines that will conduct the improvement of the project.

In Chapter 3, the attention is focused on the area diagnosis. There is a brief description that resulted from the research of the urban area under study. The fourth chapter regards the practical references applied, that is, the repertory. Chapter 5 and last, is the project itself: a proposal of an urban intervention centered on the free spaces, adapted to real conditions and pre-existing urbanism and architecture.

0.4. METHODOLOGY

To explain the methodology adopted in the different stages

of this work, it was preferred to clarify the difference between the approach of the first part developed for this one. And to present, not only the theoretical and practical contributions used, but also how they complement and add to the work developed in the first phase.

As explained earlier, the focus of the second stage was the

humanization of urban design and respect for the local community amid urban and generalist interventions proposed for the place. Thus, design references and new theories were added or revisited with this perspective. An infographic on the next pages will show more clearly what was considered or dismissed from the first project to this one.

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

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previously 01

01

previous theoretical references

Roger Trancik explains the voids in the cities (�lost spaces�) and the importance of the urban redesign

new theoretical references

previous references + Jan Gehl takes the life of the usuaries of the space in the first place and argues about the importance of designing in a small scale. He goes along with the appeal of Jane Jacobs about the importance of the diversity of activities and brings this speech to create a pleasant neighborhood for pedestrians

helped to identify the causes of the urban voids in Marvila and to rethink the ground and building uses

Jane Jacobs observes the importance of a natural building ground and the preservation of the identity of a certain place

was the basis for the guidelines of the detailing project

influenced the decision of the reuse of the buildings with mixed-use and to maintain the diversity of architectonic typologies

Umut Pekin Timur brings the urban redesign to the context of the docks and the sea front was taken as a basis for the precepts and the concept adopted in the project

02

new guidelines

intervention in the area according to its

movement and permanence spaces

02

10

previous guidelines

1. Waterfronts are part of the existing urban fabric 2. The historic identity gives character 3. Mixed-use is a priority 4. Public access is a prerequisit

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

developed | will be developed

04

new final results

road interventions taking into account the comfort of pedestrians and cyclists; permanence spaces following the main pedestrian paths of residents and visitors; new green areas are also shaped by the paths identified; new land use zoning according to a survey of residents; consideration of the Jardim do Braรงo da Prata project on the riverfront united with the promenade;

03

04

previous final results

a road intervention following the Plan of Matinha; new urban plazas in strategic locations; removal of buildings with a high level of degradation to make room for new greens, mixed-use in buildings that were rehabilitated for reuse, the reabilitation and public access to the dock; a new boulevard next to the station

new diagnostic methodology

previous methodology +

urban morphlogical analysis

mapping road hierarchy, buildings and ground activities more closely, balconies that may work as transition spaces

03

previous diagnostic methodology

visiting the area, mapping full and empty spaces, degradated areas and buildings, green areas, types of activities and architectonic typologies

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5

previous results of the volume 1 of the project

Existing projects in development in the area maintained: Braço da Prata project Matinha’s urban plan The main drawings developed at the first volume of the project will be presented on this and the next pages. From this product obtained, the project will be detailed from the next chapter.

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

MASTERPLAN REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

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FINAL RESULT - first phase 14

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

From this drawing, is possible to recognize that the strategies adopted may be useful and coherent, but is still very difficult to imagine how people’s lives happen inside of the area.

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Buildings next to the station - CURRENTLY

The road for access -

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CURRENTLY

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

Buildings next to the station - PROPOSAL typology: small palace Palace of Marialvas low level of degradation small repairs and reuse of the building

typology: industrial medium level of degradation restoration and reuse

conserved and already with mixed-use activities

conserved and already with mixed-use activities low level of degradation small repairs and reuse of the building

conserved and already with mixed-use activities

The road for access - PROPOSAL

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The public spaces

CURRENTLY David Leandro da Silva Square

Braรงo de Prata Playground

The station area - CURRENTLY

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

The public spaces - PROPOSAL new public plazas following the main roads

new green public areas following the main roads

The station area - PROPOSAL

SHOP

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SHO

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

1

chapter new theoretical references

1.1. THE HUMAN SCALE

At this new step, new references were explored to complement the previ-

ous product on the human scale. In the first phase of the work, the main theoretical references contributed significantly to a critical analysis of the urban-architectural fabric of the project area. However, this analysis was always done in an “aerial” way, that is, diagnosing from the plan, without thinking about the perspective of future users of the space. Thus, it is strictly necessary that the focus is now on the people: residents and even tourists who will make use of the space.

The basic design principles were maintained: the mixed-use as spoken by

Jane Jacobs and the importance of understanding the voids in the city, brought by Roger Trancik are good examples of this. Mainly the ideas of Jacobs, about how diversity, mixed-use, and small blocks compose a vibrant urban fabric will definitly serve as basis to the detailing of the free areas. The architectonic diversity is closely related to the mixed-use of an area.to maintain their vitality.

However, at this stage, not only does the fact of adopting mixed-use mat-

ter. Other questions should be raised, such as: which functions fit best in which space? How do these buildings relate to the road system and the city’s free spaces? How do residents get around the area? To answer those is necessary a close analysis of the urban morphology of South Marvila, which is going to be detailed furthermore on the topic “new diagnosis methodology”. For now is only important to recognize that new authors, the ones that prioritize the humanization of the spaces, will be given more attention at the present work- more than the other previous references.

1.1.1. Jan gehl

A new and necessary reference to the work was the urbanist Jan Gehl and

his main work: Cities for people. Gehl always places the city as a meeting place and social forum for residents. The city should be a space for encounters, whether casual or not, for expressive activities, child’s play, and, mainly: walking.

The 4 key objectives of a city, according to Gehl, are vitality, safety, sustain-

ability, and health.⁶ For these factors to coexist, good walking opportunities are a prerequisite. The more free spaces offered, the more life the city will have.

⁶ Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. p. 6

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

In the project area, there is a necessity for improvement in the

quality of the external environment, which especially encourages optional outdoor activities. Some examples of these motions are people greeting each other, casual encounters, meeting places.

to invite

to repel

without walls

with walls

long distances

short distances

high speed

low speed

at the same level

at different levels

face to face orientation

back to back orientation FIG 1-Source: Ian Gehl; Life between buildings

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2

chapter new guidelines

Based on Gehl’s ideas, the new strategy adopted for the project is to create

invitations for pedestrians. The urbanist divides the city into a space for movement, roads, and spaces for experience, squares. Here we will consider spaces of experience also boulevards, urban parks, and other public open spaces that mainly serve as permanence for people, and we will call them permanence spaces. As spaces for movement, we will focus on the pathways used by pedestrians, since the whole idea is to give them careful attention.

As for the roads, the hierarchy of the streets shouldn’t change since

they are already direct, clear, and logical. Some streets could get more narrow: they should not be so wide as not to encourage the use of cars.

The low speed on roads should also be adopted: there is more life in neighborhoods that people move slowly.

For the cyclists, more bike paths need to be made, mainly following the big

roads of access to North Marvila. Copenhagen-style bike lanes can also be adopted: a lane style that takes advantage of parked cars to protect cyclists.⁷

2.1. SPACES FOR MOVEMENT AND SPACES FOR PERMANENCE

Within the pathways, spaces of movement, the most important routes and

places will be analyzed taking into account, first, the necessary activities in the area and, after, the optional activities. Examples of necessary activities: working, going to school, waiting for the bus, going to the market; examples of optional activities: walking on a boardwalk, looking at the city, sitting and enjoying the good weather.

Depending on the route, certain urban strategies will be adopted.

The main strategy is to provide transition spaces between the interior of

buildings and the exterior, streets, and sidewalks. Changes in the floor, landscaping furniture, living deer, gates, and awnings can mark where the public space ends and where the transition or semi-private areas begin. Differences in height, steps, and staircases mark the transition zone, providing a smooth transition space as a link between inside and outside, between the private and the public.

As for the spaces of permanence, they should work as a meeting point and

self-expression areas, with fixed inviting structures but also with space for shortterm activities, such as street music, morning gymnastics, parades, festivals, etc. ⁷ Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. p. 94

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

strategy:

CREATE INVITATIONS

1. spaces for movement: pathways 2. spaces for permanence: squares, urban parks...

1. spaces for movement: pathways

The pathways must have transition spaces among the entrance doors and the street, points of exchange between the interior and the exterior.

The routes must be attractive, with scale, rhythm, transparency, appeal to many senses, textures and details, and diversity of functions. Sidewalks can be increased when appropriate, with floors created with the use of local stone, new urban furniture along the paths, and the planting of new trees.

1.1. necessary activities

work, go to school, wait at the bus stop, go to the market

1.2. optional activities walkthrough the seafront, watch the city’s movement, enjoy the good weather

2. spaces for permanence: squares, urban parks...

These spaces must be designed in attractive areas that generate the permanence of people.

The boulevard near the station, for example, has a strategic position, as many people go there to wait for the train or others, and naturally, end up staying there for some time.

definition of the new ground uses

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

3

chapter new diagnosis

3.1. previous diagnosis: photos

The new diagnostic methodology comes as a complemen-

tation to the first. At the beginning of the work, several photos were taken of the eastern part of Lisbon and of the project area. This step is very important and will also be brought to detail of the project. Street photos of the focus area will be brought by the google earth street view platform due to the impossibility of taking them in person.

3.1.1. Oriental Lisbon

The photos of eastern Lisbon show two main problems at the

area: the fact that the seafront is not publicly accessible by people; and a large number of abandoned buildings, many times in a bad situation.

FIG 2

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

FIG 3

FIG 4

FIG 5 REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

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FIG 6

FIG 7

FIG 8

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

3.1.2. SOUTH MARVILA

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

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FIG 10

FIG 11

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FIG 12 REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

FIG 13

FIG 14

FIG 15 REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

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36

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

FIG 17

FIG 18

FIG 19 REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

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3.1.3. PROJECT AREA

FIG 20- Top view of the project area

FIG 21- Street of the project area

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

FIG 22- Street of the project area

FIG 23- Street of the project area

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3.2. LOCATION OF THE URBAN DEEPNING

Inside the area of the previous final project, a smaller zone

was chosen to make the detailing of the free spaces. This zone is between the station and the riverfront and is limited by the two big avenues that make the connection to North Marvila.

RIVERFRONT

station

north

SOUth

Marvila

AREA OF DEEPNING

FIG 24- Limits of the project area

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

3.3. EXISITING URBAN PLANNINGS FOR THE ZONE

The plans for the area are the Plan of Matinha and Renzo Piano’s Braço da

Prata living complex: a luxury residential complex consisting of buildings across the coast and a garden in front.

The urban plan that has more participation in the project area is the Braço

da Prata project. The structures of the building-urban plan are already being built, as well as the Prata garden. For the present work, both will be considered, but, as it is a project of free areas, the garden will be rethought and adapted to the general strategy adopted by the project. As for the buildings, they will be maintained as they are in Renzo Piano’s design.

The spatial organization of the “Pormenor da Matinha” is based on the

distribution of lots designated for the implantation of buildings for housing, commerce, and services uses, according to the characteristics of architectural and functional homogeneous proposals; and on the distribution of spaces intended for the installation of equipment and green areas. The plan is also responsible for changing the road structure that crosses the zone and goes to the Expo, and adding a new road for connection to North Marvila.

Braço da Prata project

Matinha Urban plan

FIG 25- Existing urban plans

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FIG 26- Matinha Urban Plan

FIG 27- Braรงo da Prata project - under construction

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3.4. THE RESIDENTS OPINIONS

At this second phase, new research about the residents of

eastern Lisbon came to increased the work in a very sensible way. The research team of the project “Rock - Regeneration and Optimization of Cultural Heritage in Creative and Knowledge Cities”, financed by community funds, set out to reflect on the concept of urban void in Marvila and the challenges that it poses to both local populations.⁸ They developed a survey with residents of the eastern part of Lisbon, mainly the parishes of Xabregas, Beato, and Marvila.

Although this analysis was not made specifically with the res-

idents of the project area, is easy to visualize that the problems faced by them are more or less the same. For the question: “What services are missing in this part of the city?” The majority answered that essential services are lacking, such as post office, ATM, supermarket, pharmacy, police station, health post... When asked “What do you consider “urban void”?” most people answered vacant land, ruins of old factories, and empty stores and warehouses. Concluding that the underused spaces are very present, mainly these vacant lands that are often used as parking spots.⁹

Another interesting thing that was possible to understand

from the research is that many residents feel like the ongoing changes are in favor of the tourists, instead of them. New restaurants and tavernas, art ateliers, and creative industries, as well as museums and art galleries, are seen as equipment for the tourists. That would not occur if the most basic needs of the residents were attended. When the authorities prioritize the construction of entertainment over the essential services, something may not be right. ⁸ Falanga, R. Ferheij, J. e Berardi, F. (2020). Marvila: vazios urbano cheios de passado, presente e futuro. cit. ⁹ Research retrievied from: https://opendata.rockproject.eu/dataset/a-inquiry-crossings/resource/45997a5f-12a1-40be-98eb-2ace9347579f

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Parque das Nações not consolidated

Jardim do Passeio dos Heróis do mar urban park

Expo 98 structure

transportation, commerce and entertainment

Parque das Nações

urban park

Matinha’s Plan mixed-use

project area Braço da Prata project

urban park

Poço do Bispo dock port old infrastructure

Beato’s Creative HUB

entertainment and port infrastructure

Xabregas’ dock

port infrastructure

St. Apolônia station and docks commerce and transportation

Cruise Terminal Terreiro do Paço 44

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

Praça do Comércio

cruising area

commerce and entertainment

transportation, commerce and entertainment

3.5. URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

3.5.1. Ground and buildings uses oF ORIENTAL LISBON CRUISE TERMINAL

FIG 29- Cruise Terminal by Carrilho da Graรงa

FIG 30- Cruise Terminal, view from the river

By architect Carrilho da Graรงa and his team, The Cruise Ter-

minal, Lisbon, is inscribed within the walls of an old docked area, seeming to barely touch the ground. The building has a large public terrace that has incredible views of the Tagus river.

The Cruise Terminal consists of an architectural project re-

sponsible for a coastal urban transformation at the Jardim do Tabaco dock, west of Lisbon. With the construction of the building, the adjacent areas were upgraded and reconstructed. The dock was before totally abandoned and the surrounding equipment and buildings completely degraded. After the construction of the terminal, a number of old warehouses in the surrounding area have been converted into restaurants and shops.

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BEATO’S CREATIVE HUB

FIG 31- Model of the HUB

FIG 32- The HUB under construction

Beato’s Creative Hub is an innovation center for creative and

technological companies that is being born in a compact of disabled factories in the oreintal riverfront.

In this former industrial space of the Portuguese Army, for-

merly known as Military Maintenance, used to make flours, pasta, bread, cookies and other foods from the grain sector, today it is in deep rehabilitation works to welcome more than 3 thousand people from all over the world who want to produce innovation, alongside a wide range of catering, leisure and cultural services and equipment, open to the entire city. The place for entrepreneurs, startups, scaleups, investors, incubators, and talented professionals dedicated to the future of technological and digital innovation.

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EXPO 98: ORIENT STATION

FIG 33- Entrance of the Oriente Station

FIG 34- Structure of the Oriente Station

The Oriente Station, also called Gare do Oriente, in Lisbon,

was completed in 1998, with an architectural project by Santiago Calatrava. Built-in support of Expo’98, in Parque das Nações, the complex includes the train lines, on the surface, and the Metropolitano on the lower floor (“Oriente” stop), as well as the bus terminal at the area¹⁰. With more than 20 years, the Oriente Station is still a magnificent building and impresses tourists who pass by.

¹⁰ Estação do Oriente. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://lisbonlisboaportugal.com/pt/estacao-do-oriente-lisboa-br.html

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3.5.2. Ground and buildings uses OF THE PROJECT AREA

This mapping consists of the diagnosis map of the buildings

and urban spaces functions currently in the project area. The urban functions outlined are those that take place in a demarcated way in the territory: green zone, parking lots, and the cultivation of a vegetable garden. The specific areas demarcated as in “underused spaces” are strictly empty land, the main “urban voids” considered by the population.

0

50m

buildings' uses

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3.5.3. road hierarchy

The area’s road hierarchy is easy to understand. The main

access road is the one parallel to the riverfront, which connects the center of Lisbon to Parque das Nações, including the design area.

The other two main routes are those that connect to North Marvila.

One of them is still under construction because it is part of the Urban plan of Matinha. Within the area, the most important internal route is called Fernando Palha, and it comes from Santa Apolonia station connecting the internal eastern network. that is why many buses run.

The others are local street, with a small car flow, but as well important because make the connection between the north part of the area, where the train station is located, with the riverfront.

0

50m

ROAD HIERARCHY

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3.5.4. The flows

This a diagnosis of the flows of people in the area. This anal-

ysis is necessary so that we can follow the guideline of the project, which consists of creating spaces of transition in spaces of movement, paths, and creating spaces of permanence throughout the area. In green, we have the necessary activity paths, which are carried practically at the beginning of the road that connects the station to the riverfront and on the historic road. Optional activities have also been outlined. They were considered: go to Tabaqueira and walk along the Tagus coast. This flows mapped here bring a focus of working on the transition spaces there.

routes for necessary activities: going to the market, school,

train and bus stops, to the farmacy and to the restaurant

routes for optional activities: going for a walk on the river-

side, and going to the Tabaqueira after its adaptive reuse

0

FLOWS

50

50m

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3.5.5. POTENTIAL OF FREE SPACES

This map of the potential of free spaces represents the diag-

nosis really focused on the human scale. The balconies below the fifth floor were marked because they are considered transition spaces by Gehl, and here we are going to consider them too. The blind faรงades and commercial ground floor buildings were also marked for the creation of characteristic transition spaces.

Free spaces potential: pedestrian links bike lanes shared streets

permanence spaces Transition spaces potential: balconies that work as spaces of transition

0

50m

POTENTIAL OF FREE SPACES

blank facades: spaces where is stricly necessary to work the paisagism, plants, urban furniture possible places for kiosks and pergolas

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3.5.6. INTERPRETATIVE SUMMARY

Firstly, by interpreting the land use map, it is possible to no-

tice the lack of quality greens delimited in the north of the area. They are present only in the projects of Braรงo da Prata. In addition, in this area, there is a large empty space, with vacant land, which has great potential to serve the community. The disused area near the sports court could continue the sporting activity with more equipment, while the second disused area next door could provide green spaces for the local population.

The road hierarchy map is important for the choice of new

activities and new transition spaces for the area. While the wide main avenues should really focus on mobility, the smaller roads that lead to the coast, and the road that divides the two blocks of historical interest, have a more sensitive scale and should be thought of more carefully.

Flow analysis is complementary to road analysis in this sense.

Even having already noted the importance of these smaller alleys before, the flows confirm this idea. The flow of necessary activities is all concentrated on the street that connects the station and to the historic street. Here the road hierarchy is clear again: forming a kind of square around the area are the main roads, which stand out for the high flow of cars due to the importance of their connectivity; the orange route is the main internal route, and where there is access to public transport; the paths, spaces of movement that will be analyzed, in the places marked in green. The routes of optional activities can be said to attract more visitors and tourists passing by the coast. Then is essential to create an element there that connects with the river activities that happen before and after.

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After having a view of the two main pedestrian paths, the

map of potential free spaces comes to map, in these streets, the types of transition spaces that can be created. Buildings that have a blind facade should be worked with landscaping or urban furniture, for example. While buildings of mixed-use, with a commercial ground floor, is possible to place pergolas or kiosks to stimulate the path on the street.

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4

chapter new final results

5

1

6

2

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

MASTERPLAN SC: 1:2.500

1 New urban connection for pedestrians

3

- shared street that connects the train station to the riverfront.

- facades of the surrounding buildings, in vast majority, facing the pathway.

2 A strong and unified identity for Marvila - riverfront with human scale: the large Braรงo da Prata garden was adapted to a human scale: they are now smaller and do not harm the connection between the Tabaqueira and the Tagus River. In the area they serve as spaces for contemplation, but along the coastal connection can function as forms of flowerbeds with urban furniture.

- a hiking trail connects the area from Expo 98 to the Poรงo do Bispo dock, making a continuous link through Lisbon riverfront with a sensible human scale and identity.

3 New quality green spaces - greens are now everywhere and are shaped by the mapped flows of residents.

- can be private or semi-private, in lighter tone, or public, in a darker shade of green.

4 A structure that tells history - the Tabaqueira building goes through adaptive reuse and forms an esplanade to its surroundings on the riverside.

- serves as a space for contemplation and permanence, with kiosks that complement its gastronomic use.

5 Connectivity with the interior - new cycle paths make the connection between the area and North Marvila.

4

6 Human scale and microclimate buildings - blocks that create perimeters to their surroundings create well-defined facades and private and semi-private spaces for residents.

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4.1. ROAD INTERVENTIONS

The proposed road interventions always prioritize pedestrians and cyclists.

The avenues that go up to Marvila Norte currently have 3 lanes for cars for both directions. The proposal is to two lanes and to create a bike path following the road. The street Fernando Palha is also an important internal road for mobility and public transportation. In this specific case, it was decided to reduce the sidewalks a little so that a bicycle lane could be fitted next to the lane of parked cars. About the streets that will be shared, they must have sidewalks increased by a few meters to better accommodate the transition spaces.¹¹

2. Infante Dom Henrique Ave. currently the main access through North Marvila

5. Estevão de Vasconcelos St.

4. Fernando Palha St.

7. Fraternidade Operária St.

8. Lionila St. 6. Telhal aos Olivais St.

1. Infante Dom Henrique Ave. main access to the area through Lisbon center and Parque das Nações

0

50m

ROAD INTERVENTIONS

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

3. da Matinha Ave. future important access through North Marvila

2 and 3: bike paths separated by flowerbeds on high-flow car routes currently

proposal

3

3

3

3

3

1

2

4: Copenhagen-style bike paths currently

proposal

3

3

3

3

2

3

3

3

3

1,5 2 0,5

5 and 7: shared street with transition spaces

1,5 1,5

6

1,5 1,5

šš The designs of the roads and cycle paths were developed after consulting the Global Street Design Guide, available at https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-designguide/

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4.2. LAND USES

The zoning of the new uses was carried out taking into account the re-

search carried out with the residents of the eastern part of Lisbon. Many said they miss essential services, such as a supermarket, pharmacy, repairs, etc. Retail stores were also an option widely voted by them in this sense, and other uses such as restaurants and pubs serve to stimulate the area.

vegetable garden sport facilities permanence spaces retail stores mixed-use with foucus on basic needs commerce mixes-use with restaurants, pubs and enterteinments only residential use only institutional use

0

LAND USES

60

50m

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4.3. BUILDINGS USES

The uses of the buildings that were unoccupied were chosen according to

their position and their architectural typology. As explained in the caption, warehouses can only be used for commercial purposes, and buildings with more stories can and must house mixed-use. Some residential buildings became mixed-use ones with the proposal to occupy the ground floor with commerce following the proposed zoning.

commercial buildings

1. Warehouses and other industrial buildings 2. Abandoned houses near residential lots without any commercial assistance nearby

institutional buildings Building aimed at supporting the courts sports and sports activities in general in the Marvila region.

mixed-use buildings

1. Buildings with more than two floors with possibility of creating commercial dynamics downstairs in the historic block 2. Buildings with more than two floors with possibility of creating commercial dynamics on the St. EstevĂŁo

train station

0

50m

residential buildings under construction

BUILDING USES

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4.4. PERSPECTIVE FROM THE HUMAN SCALE SPACES OF MOVEMENT: SHARED STREET

transition spaces

wider sidewalks 62

REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

urban elements that bring rhythm

paisagism

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SPACES OF PERMANENCE: BRAÇO DA PRATA GARDEN

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REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

different types of paving to mark the riverfront pathway that makes the connection between Lisbon center and the Expo 98 gardens of The Braรงo da Prata project adapted to human scale, with paths that lead the residents to the riverfront

special spots to contemplate the Tagus river piers to support canoing and other water sports that will take place mainly at the dock REUSE AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN LISBON

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5. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

This second volume of the work supports that spaces must be designed for

future users. Thus, is essential to adopt a pedestrian and resident perspective of the area and its surroundings. If new spaces are created without this concern, they can be occupied in an unplanned way, or worse, not be occupied and become urban voids, just like those we tried to eliminate in this work.

The guidelines followed in the project were based on the principles of Gehl.

He divides the city into movement spaces and experience spaces, meanwhile, in the work, the city was divided into movement spaces and permanence spaces. The first was represented by the shared streets and their new strategies to increase the experience of the paths. The second was represented by the boulevard next to the train station and, mainly, the garden Braço da Prata that creates a contemplation space next to the Tabaqueira.

The objectives of this product were to mold the free areas between the

train station and the riverfront in a system that does not annul the local identity but creates pleasant paths and spaces for residents. Is possible to say that by the guideline adopted, the free spaces were treated in a very sensible way, respecting its surroundings and, most of all, the residents of the area.

The second goal was to create a connection on a smaller scale with the

Parque das Nações parish and with the center of Lisbon. With the project of the park on the riverside, it is reasonable to say that a very pleasant space was created for residents and also for visitors at the zone. Furthermore, it unites, in a single walk, the Expo 98 to the North and the dock of the Poço do Bispo and, consequently, the rest of the city, to the South.

Is feasible to notice the big difference between the first and the second

part of the work. The first’s final result presented some urban-architectonical vague proposals, while the present final results are consistent, more precise, and conceived in the human scale.

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bibliography books Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Washington, DC: Island Press.

Gehl, J., & Koch, J. (2011). Life between buildings: Using public space. Washington, DC: Island Press.

Global street design guide. (2016). Washington: Island Press.

MAGAZINE AND NEWSPAPER ARTICLES Martins, S. F. (2020). Turismo, gentrificação urbana e (des) alojamento local na cidade de Lisboa - Portugal. Geografia Ensino & Pesquisa, 23, 39. doi:10.5902/2236499437424

Melâneo, P. e Moreira, I.(2018). Epicentros pós-industriais Um futuro a Oriente. Jornal Arquitectos, 4.

Novo terminal de cruzeiros de Lisboa inaugurado hoje, meses depois do previsto.

(2017, November 10). Público. Retrieved from https://www.publico.pt/2017/11/10/ local/noticia/novo-terminal-de-cruzeiros-de-lisboa-inaugurado-hoje-meses-depois-do-previsto-1792048

Dejtiar, F. (2019, October 23). Documentário explora a luta por moradia e a gentri-

ficação em Lisboa. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com.br/br/927077/documentario-explora-a-luta-por-moradia-e-a-gentrificacao-em-lisboa

Farias Maiquita / FariasLab Digital Studio. (2020, February 28). Hub Criativo Beato ·

Centro de Inovação para Empresas Criativas e Tecnológicas. Retrieved from https:// hubcriativobeato.com

WEBSITES Estação do Oriente. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://lisbonlisboaportugal.com/pt/estacao-do-oriente-lisboa-br.html

Breathe a new way of living Prata Riverside Village. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:// www.pratariversidevillage.com/

Prata Housing Complex (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.rpbw.com/project/braco-de-prata-housing-complex

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FIGURES Fig. 1- Gehl, J., & Koch, J. (2011). Life between buildings: Using public space. Washington, DC: Island Press. Retrivied from academia.edu/28505069/Livro_Cidade_ para_pessoas_-_Jan_Geh

Fig. 2 until 19 - Made by the author Fig. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,25 and 28 - Retrivied from Google Maps Fig. 26 - Source: Lisboa Aberta. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://lisboaaberta.cm-lisboa. pt/index.php/pt/. ; Modificated by the author

Fig. 27 - Prata Riverside Village: Breathe a new way of living. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.pratariversidevillage.com/.

Fig. 29 and 30 - Novo terminal de cruzeiros de Lisboa inaugurado hoje, meses

depois do previsto. (2017, November 10). Público. Retrieved from https://www. publico.pt/2017/11/10/local/noticia/novo-terminal-de-cruzeiros-de-lisboa-inaugurado-hoje-meses-depois-do-previsto-1792048

Fig. 31 and 32 - Farias Maiquita / FariasLab Digital Studio. (2020, February 28).

Hub Criativo Beato · Centro de Inovação para Empresas Criativas e Tecnológicas.

Retrieved from https://hubcriativobeato.com

Fig. 33 and 34 - Estação do Oriente. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://lisbonlisboaportugal.com/pt/estacao-do-oriente-lisboa-br.html

Figures that oppen the chapters: Retrivied from https://unsplash.com/s/photos/ lisbon

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