Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 3 Historic context ................................................................................................................................... 4 Beaver Business District ..................................................................................................................... 5 Current Business District Sustainability Programs ......................................................................... 6 Clock Tower Facelift ................................................................................................................... 6 Duquesne Light Grant ................................................................................................................. 6 Street Furniture Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 6 Community Vision .............................................................................................................................. 7 Goals ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Objectives .................................................................................................................................... 7 Deliverables................................................................................................................................. 7 Stakeholder analysis ............................................................................................................................ 8 Sustainable Toolkit.............................................................................................................................. 9 Energy Efficiency.......................................................................................................................... 10 Possible uses for LED lighting .................................................................................................. 11 Street furniture .............................................................................................................................. 12 Bike Racks ................................................................................................................................ 12 Plantings and Hanging flowers ................................................................................................. 12 Awnings .................................................................................................................................... 13 Community Identifiers .............................................................................................................. 14 Stormwater management ............................................................................................................... 16 Rain Barrels ............................................................................................................................... 16 Deep Root Silva Cell ................................................................................................................. 17 Biofilters/Bioswales in Urban areas .............................................................................................. 19 Previous Pavement ........................................................................................................................ 20 Recycling....................................................................................................................................... 24 Community Engagement ............................................................................................................... 25 Suggested Community Events .................................................................................................. 25 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 26 Existing Conditions Analysis ........................................................................................................ 27

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Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Energy Efficiency...................................................................................................................... 27 Street Furniture.......................................................................................................................... 27 Stormwater Management .......................................................................................................... 27 Recycling................................................................................................................................... 28 Community Engagement ........................................................................................................... 28 Phasing .............................................................................................................................................. 29 Phase I ............................................................................................................................................... 30 Strategies Recommended in Phase I: ............................................................................................ 30 Phase II .............................................................................................................................................. 34 Strategies Recommended in Phase II: ........................................................................................... 34 Phase III ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Strategies Recommended in Phase I ............................................................................................. 37 Moving Forward and Next Steps ...................................................................................................... 40 References ......................................................................................................................................... 41

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Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Executive Summary The Borough of Beaver and the Beaver Business Authority, in collaboration with Town Center Associates through the Beaver County Main Street Network, would like to develop a sustainability plan for the Beaver Business District. While Beaver has been taking necessary steps towards a more sustainable future through the Downtown Firsts Program and an LED lighting grant from Duquesne Light, the Borough would like to serve as a model of sustainability within the municipality and the region.

The following report, which is the culmination of a semester long project in the Sustainable Community Development course at Carnegie Mellon University, outlines sustainability best practices that can be implemented in Beaver. In addition, these recommendations can be used as a marketing tool to promote and educate sustainable best practices to other business districts. The “Sustainable Toolkit” developed is intended to serve as the starting point for Beaver’s Sustainable Vision Plan, but can be tailored to meet the needs of any community committed to a more sustainable future.

In addition to a list of recommendation, phasing plans, as well as visual tools were developed to help the Borough of Beaver envision sustainability best practices in use. Each of the three phases introduces the tools outlined in the toolkit and demonstrates the potential that exists within the Beaver Business District.

To conclude the report, a series of next steps and resources are provided to help the Business Beaver District identify and implement its sustainability goals. With a list of recommendations and a plan for moving forward, the Sustainable Toolkit along with the help of the Sustainable Community Development team from Carnegie Mellon University can help the Borough of Beaver become a paradigm of sustainability.

As a reference point for moving forward, the Sustainable Toolkit is divided into five categories:     

Energy Efficiency Street Furniture Stormwater Management Recycling Community Engagement

Within each category are a set of tools and recommendations that range from the most cost efficient techniques to more expensive sustainability strategies. However, each can be used by the Borough of Beaver as well as other communities.

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Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Historic context Founded as the county seat of Beaver County in 1800 and named an official Borough in 1802, the Borough of Beaver is considered one of the first planned communities in the United States.

Developed around Fort McIntosh during the American Revolution, the community was set for success because of its structured plan. In 1996, almost the entire community of Beaver was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.

The town was laid out in 1792, and in 1800, it became the county seat of the newly formed Beaver County. The first county court was established in the town in 1804, and the town's growth continued to grow until 1879 when the arrival of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad caused a major outward expansion.

Perhaps one of the most noteworthy historic landmarks in Beaver is Fort McIntosh. Built in 1778, the fort was home to the largest army to serve west of the Allegheny Mountains. It was also the site of the signing of the Treaty of Fort McIntosh in 1785 which opened much of the US territories for future development. Between 1784 and 1785, Fort McIntosh was home to the First American Regiment. The fort was restored in 1978, 200 years after it was originally built. The site was dedicated on October 7, 1978 by the Beaver Heritage Foundation.

Figure 1: Beaver Locator Map

Figure 2: Beaver Business District Location Location of Beaver Business District

In late 2007, local officials proposed the consolidation of Beaver with [Beaver County, Pennsylvania]. According to a report by the Governor's Center for Local Government Services, the two municipalities would possibly derive a significant financial benefit from uniting into a single municipality.

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Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Beaver Business District Centered on Beaver's commercial Third Street, the buildings in the district date primarily to the nineteenth century, although some twentiethcentury structures are present. Some of the district's most prominent buildings are five churches, the county jail, and the county courthouse, although most of the district consists of residential neighborhoods. Included in the boundaries of the district is the Matthew S. Quay House, the National Historic Landmark home of Beaver native Senator Matthew Quay, and the site of Fort McIntosh, a fort constructed in the 1780s.

This historic community’s commercial Third Street, the Beaver Business District is home to many thriving businesses. The district was rezoned

as a C1 district, which requires ground floor commercial retail within the business district to create an active main street. In recent years, the Borough of Beaver has undergone a successful streetscape improvement with the assistance of Town Center Associate’s Beaver County Main Street Network. The scope of the project included removing overhead utility lines from the Third Street corridor, repaving the sidewalks and crosswalks, as well as removing all parking meters. Eight businesses in downtown Beaver were recently awarded the Downtown First “Sustainable Business Certification” for their commitment to recycling and Beaver hopes this will serve as a catalyst for sustainable practices municipality wide.

Currently, Beaver’s business district has the following demographic profile:

Occupant Type Units % of CBDi Core Square Feet % of CBD Core 15 20 % 24,778 15 % Food Service 1 1% 4,050 3% Municipal Service 27 36 % 74,831 47 % Retail Business 25 33 % 48,414 30 % Service Business 7 9% 7,896 5% Vacant 75 100% 159,969 100% Total Figure 3: Central Business District is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city.

Types of Businesses 9%

20% 1%

34% 36% Food service Retail Business Vacant

Municipal Servic Service Business

Figure 4 Business District Profile

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Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Current Business District Sustainability Programs Clock Tower Facelift In December 2011, the signature clock tower at College Avenue and Third Street underwent restoration, receiving a power-wash and detailed repainting. In addition, all tower lighting has been renewed, including the illumination of the tower pinnacle. The 10-year-old clock tower replicates that of the 1877 Court House, which was destroyed by fire in 1932. It also displays the original bell, which was restored. The tower was given by the Michael Baker Corporation in memory of Michael Baker, Jr. The chimes were given by the I.B.E.W. in honor of International President Edwin D. Hill.

Duquesne Light Grant Beaver Borough recently obtained a $125,000 Grant from Duquesne Light, which will enable Beaver to retrofit the 83 ornamental light poles in the business district with new, redesigned LED light fixtures. These fixtures will replace the present incandescent light bulbs that consume 100watts of power with long-lasting, brighter, 36-watt LED fixtures. The new lighting will also be reconfigured to direct more of the lighting downward, while eliminating glare for motorists.

The new system would result in an annual savings to the Borough of $14,000 and, over a 10-year period, could total $125,000.

Street Furniture Maintenance In recent years, a total of 20 memorial benches have been purchased by local citizens and placed along Third Street. With continuous exposure to the elements, some benches have developed surface damages. Since January 2012, all the benches were temporarily removed and returned to the manufacturer for refinishing, at no charge to the Borough. In early spring 2012, the benches were returned to their original locations.

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Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Community Vision Goals The Borough of Beaver and the Beaver Business Authority, in collaboration with Town Center Associates through the Beaver County Main Street Network, would like to create a vision for building a more sustainable business district.

Objectives The Borough of Beaver and the BDA would like to learn more about applicable sustainability best practices and solutions that are currently being implemented in central business districts across the county. They would like to create a vision for a sustainable business center that would capitalize on the assets of the existing business corridor while enhancing the public realm and pedestrian experience. As a paradigm for sustainability, the Borough of Beaver aims to serve as regional model for sustainable practices for other business districts.

Deliverables The success of the project will be realized through documentation of the project recommendations, which can be used as future marketing and education tools. Deliverables that will be provided upon completion of the project include:  List of sustainable practices recommendations, the associated costs of implementation, and the potential cost and environmental benefits  Plan for Phase II of Power of Light Program, focused on innovative architectural lighting recommendations  Timeline for phasing recommendations  Computer generated drawings and diagrams that graphically show potential location of sustainable suggestions

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Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

the public lighting of the Business District from incandescent bulbs to LED lights, representing a significant energy savings.

Stakeholder analysis The main drivers for the Sustainable Vision Plan for Beaver are the Beaver Borough Government, the Beaver Business Authority and their partner: Town Center Associates. Between the three entities they have boosted sustainability best practices in Beaver’s central business district.

Together, they have sought the support of different actors with the purpose to improve and maintain the measures already implemented. One of these support agents has been Duquesne Light that awarded a grant to Beaver of $125,000 to change

Also assisting in the process is Carnegie Mellon University. By capitalizing on the existing assets and taking advantage of future potential Beaver can move towards employing sustainability best practices.

The ultimate beneficiaries of this network of stakeholders are Beaver’s residents and visitors that will enjoy the vibrant and dynamic “third place” in the heart of the Beaver Business District.

The relationship among all the stakeholders involved in the Sustainability Plan for Beaver’s Business District can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 5: Stakeholder Analysis

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Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Sustainable Toolkit The following toolkit has been developed to help the Borough of Beaver achieve its sustainability goals. The toolkit is divided into five categories:     

Energy Efficiency Street Furniture Stormwater Management Recycling Community Engagement

Each of the strategies outlined in the five categories can be implemented to create as Sustainable Beaver Business District. As a model of sustainability, the Borough of Beaver can use the Sustainable Toolkit to market sustainability best practices to other Business Districts and communities committed to sustainable futures.

Because the Sustainable a Toolkit is amendable, communities can modify and implement the tools and strategies to meet their individual needs.

Figure 6: Sustainable Toolkit Categories

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Energy Efficiency

Light emitting diodes are electronic components that let electricity pass in only one direction. They emit visible light when electricity is applied, much like a light bulb. When many LEDs are side-byside, they can create pictures, such as the scrolling red LED signs found everywhere.

Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights have several ecological and safety benefits. On the safety front, LED lights are brighter and can be seen from further away. The longer life, up to 10,000 hours, can reduce maintenance costs for replacement, as well as reduce the overall cost of bulbs. The long life lamps also save energy and can be operated with alternative energy sources such as solar panels or wind energy.

In public spaces LED lighting have a number of different uses. Some of those are: LED traffic lights: efficient because they are usually shock and vibration resistant due to polycarbonate bulb coverings.

LED outdoor lights: These lights bring energy and maintenance savings to many existing lighting applications, such as track lighting, recessed lighting and landscape lighting.

While architects and artists are exploring the use of LEDs and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in building and building facade screens, cities adopting LED street lighting technology are not using its unique and beneficial characteristics to its fullest potential. These cities typically ignore additional applications such as dimming, variable color treatment, and emergency communication functions. The aesthetic and place making potential of LEDs has also generally been overlooked.

Cost LEDs use 50 to 90 percent less energy than other light sources while maintaining the same light output. LEDs have two to three times longer life than conventional light sources (except induction).

Estimates vary because the technology is new and constantly improving, but it is commonly reported that LEDs can last 20 to 30 years depending on the quality of the product, power usage, and other factors. However, the practical LED life expectancy for street lighting application is typically estimated at 10 years, when a 30% lumen deterioration is anticipated. The reduced relamping costs of long-lived LEDs are a contributing factor to the lower maintenance cost of LEDs. A longer life also means less landfill waste.

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

The current purchase cost of LED lighting products is higher than standard options and varies widely, with good quality products at a cost premium. However, the DOE reports that the cost per lumen of LEDs falls by a factor of 10 every decade while the amount of light generated increases by a factor of 20. From 2009 to 2010, the prices for warm white LED packages declined by half, from approximately $36 to $18 per thousand lumens (kilo lumens/klm). Prices are expected to fall to $2/klm by 2015. When operational costs, such as electricity, maintenance, and lamp replacement, are considered, the overall values of LEDs are increased.

Possible uses for LED lighting

Beaver has a historic, well preserved Business District that could benefit widely by some of the applications of LED lighting. Some of those uses are:  Safety lighting: Traffic lights and crosswalks.  Landscape lighting: gardens, trees, buildings in general. We suggest and upward indirect lighting for commercial building of the area.  Information purposes: light kiosk that may have general information and/or adds from the different businesses of the district on display.

They can be placed under the trees to offset the shadow that may be projected by them.

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Street furniture The importance of street furniture such as benches, fountains, trash cans, bike racks, planting, and awnings often resides on the fact that it can contribute to the comfort and character of a neighborhood and particularly to pedestrian areas or sidewalks. It is also useful to define space and pedestrian movement patterns. Decorative and interesting street furniture can give streets an identity, helping to differentiate them from otherwise similar streets.

Bike Racks During the design of a streetscape, locations for bike racks are identified within commercial districts. Depending on the other street furniture proposed in the streetscape, bike racks are located with an average frequency of two per block. The standard style of bike rack is a square tube, black powder-coat finished, U-shaped rack bolted to the sidewalk. It is used in cities like Detroit, Chicago, London and Canberra. This type of bike rack allows several bicycles to be locked at once without being damaged.

The lack of secure bicycle parking facilities is often quoted as a reason why more people do not cycle. They therefore need to be carefully located and designed to minimize their visual impact, and the potential to create an obstruction to pedestrian traffic. Every cycle parking facility should be highly visible and well lit and in clear view of pedestrian and vehicle sight lines. Locations under overhanging trees should be avoided.

The International Bicycle Fund has created a twopage fact sheet on bicycle parking criteria that discusses many factors in more detail and provides further advice on planning for bicycle parking can be found that relates specifically to shopping , or commuting .

Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Making main streets more walkable can require major infrastructure changes. Such initiatives are best implemented at the municipal or county level.

However, individual business owners, employees, and residents can also have an impact. For example, installing bicycle racks in front of businesses can remove one of the major barriers to increased bicycle use. Assisting downtown businesses in creating carpools can reduce the number of cars on the road and make the downtown more pedestrian and bicycle-friendly.

Organizations such as BikeWalk and Walkable Communities, Inc. offer walkability audits for communities and workshops to find practical solutions to transportation issues.

Costs1  Cost to purchase and install bike racks: $150 to 300 each (parks two bikes)  Cost to purchase and install bike lockers: $1000 to $4000 each (parks two bikes)  Cost to provide car parking space: $2200 surface lot, $12,500 garage  Number of bike spaces in one car space: 10–12

Plantings and Hanging flowers Plant material adds color, interest, and texture to a streetscape. The goal of implementing planters is to maximize green space wherever possible.

Overall, planting and trees define spatial volume and rhythm along the length of the streetscape.

They also provide spring bloom, summer shade, fall foliage color, and an opportunity for holiday lighting and decorating during the winter. In addition to softening an otherwise hard urban environment, plantings provide a defense against the “urban heat island effect” and help protect residents from harsh weather conditions.

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http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/engineering/parking.cfm

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Researchers have also found evidence of improved air quality and lower energy costs.

There are a number of items that must be considered to ensure a successful landscape. The height of the plantings must be short for safety and security reasons. Visibility of pedestrians and vehicles must be ensured from all angles and times of the day.

Hanging baskets are specially designed hanging flowerpots. They are constructed of open metal bands and filled with a lightweight planting soil.

Baskets can be hung at a defined height from the light posts. Hanging baskets add interest and color to a streetscape and are a way to introduce plant materials when there is no room for trees or planters. Both freestanding planters and hanging baskets require constant maintenance and require frequent watering. The ability of the community to maintain these elements, creating a sense of civic pride is a critical factor in the decision to include them in a given project.

Costs During the winters, the use of salt is a necessity for the traffic and pedestrian flow. Consequently, the plant materials installed must have a degree of salt tolerance.2 Although it is recommended that salt tolerant plants are used, other features can be implemented to help ensure the maturity of plants in the streetscape. For example, carriage walks and raised planter beds can be used to increase the distance of the plants from the road. Temporary salt fencing can be installed during the winter to further protect this investment. The introduction of water in the spring to flush out accumulated salts is also recommended.

2

For a list of salt tolerant trees and shurbs and other related information visit: http://www.mortonarb.org/tree-plantadvice/article/845/salt-tolerant-trees-and-shrubs.html

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There are several methods of irrigation, but automatic irrigation and hand watering are the most common and sustainable methods. The hand watering method can use quick-couplers with hose bibs or could take the water from the rain barrels proposed as part of this strategic plan. The hose bib is a separate piece that is easily installed and removed to prevent undesired use.

Before deciding to install planters and trees, a careful check of underground utilities must be made. If large-size utilities are present, such as a 24� or 36� water main or gas lines, they must be relocated if trees or in-ground planters are to be installed above them. This can add significantly to the cost of a project. If the utilities cannot be moved, landscaping cannot be accommodated.

Awnings Awnings are a canvas roof supported by a frame to give protection against the weather. It is also often constructed of aluminum understructure with aluminum sheeting. Awnings are used for both residential and commercial purposes, and can create a cohesive look to the street edge. The main use of awnings is sun protection, cutting glare and UV rays both indoors and outdoors and providing shade and reducing heat. Different types of awnings are available, and can be coordinated to match the architectural design of any home or any commercial building.

There are different types of awnings; and each and every type of awning has its own benefits. The first type is the retractable awning that usually has sufficient slope so that it can protect outdoor areas from rain. These awnings are made with water resistant fabric. It also protects indoor spaces from fading, yet keeps the room bright. By using retractable awnings, stores and businesses can reduce heating and cooling demands, enabling significant cost saving benefits.

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

The shade awning is a canopy supported on pillars over an altar, a statue or a fountain. Awnings are always attached to a building. It may be metal, wood, or canvas. On the other hand, canopy refers to a canvas or cloth covering.

Some of the major benefits of the use of awnings are:  It cools home interiors, reduces A/C costs, low maintenance.  It provides good health, by reducing excess heat, protects from Ultraviolet rays, rain, inclement weather and harsh sun.  It provides shade, comfort, various levels of privacy and expands customer commercial space.

Costs Awning prices can vary according to the fabric and style chosen and the size of the awning itself.

In general prices are between the range of $300 and $1,200 depending on the criteria stated above.

Many companies include installation costs with the purchase price.

The maintenance and operation of the awnings is relatively easy and can be performed by business owners. It is recommended to clean or rinse with water periodically.

Community Identifiers Community identifiers are sculptural elements within a streetscape that seek to bring a unique identity to a neighborhood commercial area. This character can be drawn from different sources: cultural ethnicity, architectural styles or elements, special cultural or historic institutions, or the general historical background of a neighborhood.

In general, community identifiers represent a good

opportunity to take advantage of the variety of uses of LED aesthetic benefits.

The following represent some of the elements that may be used as community identifiers.

Gateways and Area Markers: An area marker or gateway is generally a large sculptural element placed either at the end of a streetscape or along a streetscape. These elements serve the purpose of marking the entranceways and throughways into the commercial/retail district. A variety of structures have been used for gateways in cities like Chicago or Milwaukee, using lighthouses with bronze community name plaques and large steel vertical elements with the name of the area.

Kiosks: The purpose of a kiosk is to present information about both the commercial area, as well as local events taking place within the community. The kiosk may present permanent information or include a plexi glass case that allows for the change of information.

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Banners and Pole Identifiers: Banners are rectangular fabric signs that are mounted in flag fashion on one or two sides of the light posts along a streetscape. Pole identifiers, unlike banners, are more permanent and are generally manufactured from metal. The new Beaver light poles can easily be fitted to accommodate most pole identifiers and banners. Although banners can be changed seasonally or for special events, both pole identifiers and banners can represent the unique character of a community group, its individual identities, or commercial members.

and complexity, there is often a direct correlation to increased costs for manufacturing, installing, and maintaining these items. Although identifiers are often dramatic statements, if they are not designed, located, and constructed properly they can become more of a liability than an asset to the community.

Whenever feasible, gateway identifiers should be protected with bollards.

Via community meetings and design charrettes, a symbol or idea may be developed to be used repeatedly in a variety of forms throughout a neighborhood, such as:

Sidewalk Medallions: Pavement markers, or sidewalk medallions, are ornamental emblems that are set or stamped into sidewalks along a streetscape, usually at intersection corners. These medallions are typically precast concrete and can be logos or other representations of community identity. 

Large, single-use elements that act as gateways, either in the street or on the sidewalk Smaller, repetitive elements such as fabric banners or permanent pole identifiers Pavement medallions and pavement treatments along the streetscape Modifications to standard streetscape elements to include identity elements, such as special medallions placed on railings

Public Art: Public art is another way that communities can distinguish themselves in the streetscape. The Percent for Art Ordinance and its amendments stipulate that a percentage of construction and renovation costs for municipal buildings be set aside for the acquisition of artwork for use in conjunction with the buildings.

Costs Since these elements can be expensive and are unique to each community, separate funding must be identified in order for community identifiers to be included in a streetscape project. Often times, a community desires to have lighting incorporated into the design of their community identifier. This requires careful design and consideration of maintenance.

The constructability of a design as well as maintenance concerns must be at the forefront of the design process for identifier elements, whether large or small. As ideas for identifiers grow in size

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Stormwater management Rain Barrels Rain barrels are the most inexpensive way to assist in stormwater management. Ran Barrels are simply known as a water tank which is used to collect and store rain water runoff. The process of collection is from rooftops through downspouts and other water capturing devices. The water can then be used for different uses within homes, business areas, or agriculture areas for irrigation.

The goal and purpose of rain barrels is for economic and environmental reasons, and overall self-sufficiency. The first economic benefit for the Beaver community is the significant savings in watering the plants and trees in the Business District. In addition, the environment will benefit from less stormwater runoff and pollution which is prevented from entering rivers and water bodies in Pennsylvania. The water can be stored and released at necessary time when rain fall is low.

In addition, the stored water can be used in multiple ways, but in the case of Beaver’s downtown area, it can be used to water the plants that are part of landscape, as well as for future sustainable practices. The second environmental and economic benefit is the elimination of gas fueled special trucks that water the landscape in the downtown area.

Calculating the water use The following methods for calculating rain barrels collection are as follows: 1 inch of rain on a 1,000 square feet (93 m2) roof yields 623 gallons (2358 liters) of water; or 1 cubic foot equals (12 inch by 12-inch (300 mm) by 12-inch (300 mm) cube) equals 7.48 gallons; or 1 millimeter of rain on a 1 square meter surface yields 1 liter of water.

Beavers Creativity with Rain Barrels The Beaver Business District can serve as a great example for installing and using rain barrels for the rest of the community and other downtown communities. Capturing water is important for the sustainability for the downtown area. Not depending on water trunks for the landscaping area in downtown will lower cost for the Beaver Borough tremendously in the future. When the rain barrels are installed, residents can actively participate in the installation and design of the rain barrels. As a creative way to develop awareness for the rain barrels and sustainability best practices, Beaver residents can participate in decorating and creating art with barrels. In addition, it can be also be used to promote community events or announcements. To continue the trend in the rest of community, rain barrels can be auction out to other residents to encourage the use. (Rain Barrel, 2012) Cost New rain barrels may have a high (perceived) initial cost. Specifically for the Beaver downtown area, each building should have an adequate size rain barrel. The cost could range from $150 to $300. This is overall cost minimum cost of 7,000 for each main building in the downtown area able to capture the rain. However it can also be less expensive if using recycled barrels. For example,

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan recycled transport barrels or whiskey and wine aging barrels can be used as a rain barrel. In addition, constant maintenance with proper filtering or closed loop systems can prevent mosquitoes and health risks. (Rain Barrel Source, 2012) Case: White Fish Bay, Illinois Thirty artist-designed rain barrels were displayed in White Fish Bay on their annual green day event and decorated the village streets throughout the month of May. This event with rain barrel art inspired the community to express their ideas, sparked discussions, and promoted community.

The Whitefish Bay Rain Barrel Street Art program challenged artists to use 30 rain barrels as canvasses, and their work debuted at a local park.

Following the event, they decorated the streets of the downtown area. All of the barrels were sponsored by different local businesses.

Using rain barrels as canvasses has multiple layers of benefits to the community. The streetscape is enlivened; the works of local artists are showcased, and the culture and community of a town is celebrated. Additionally, salvaged industrial food containers are recycled for rain water storage, creating jobs in the process. A free good becomes a display of art in the local community.

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practice” by architecture programs being considered in this community. Rain barrels and bioswales could assist to perhaps prevent floodwaters.

Keeping polluted runoff from entering community water assets makes good economic sense as well as provides for a better recreational experience. (Water and Community, 2011) Deep Root Silva Cell Another component to stormwater management is the use of Silva Cell technology. This simple technology of modular suspended pavement system uses soil volumes to support large tree growth and provide powerful on-site stormwater management through absorption, evapotranspiration, and interception.

The Silva Cell box is composed of a frame and a deck. The frames are 48'' (1200 mm) long x 24’’ (600 mm) wide x 16'' (400 mm) high. These can be stacked one to three units high and adjacent before they are topped with a deck to create a maximum containment area for lightly compacted loam soil. Silva Cells are versatile where they can be spread laterally and as wide as necessary. At

Rain barrels are increasingly being used commercially and residentially to capture rain displaced by rooftops rain that otherwise might become polluted runoff in local lakes, rivers, and groundwater sources. The stored rainwater has multiple uses and can be used to water lawns, trees, plants, flowers and gardens. At the same time, the rain barrels informational sheets can be placed next to rain barrels to promote the benefits of barrels and use within homes.

On-site water retention via rain barrels and rain gardens (bioswales) are now considered “best

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan the same time, the unit still gives approximately 92% void space, accommodating new and existing utilities. This segmented system allows for horizontal and vertical rooting spaces and overall prevents uprooting. Room is not only available for soil and proper tree growth, but space is also available for water capturing. The Silva Cell has a permeable covering where storm water is stored and used for the trees growth. Approximately 80% of the area is compacted to allow stormwater runoff to enter the silva cells. Tree root growth follows water distribution and is a critical factor for the life of the tree.

Cost

Not only do Silva Cells help the tree growth but they also prevent sidewalk injuries. Trees are planted in urban areas with good intentions; however, the roots of trees can push sidewalks out of position and create unsafe walkways. Also, the heavy gravel compacted soil prevents natural root growth and limits their ability to absorb stormwater runoff. The Deep Root Silva Cell framework is made of glass-reinforced polypropylene and then installed with nutrient-rich soil, preventing uprooting. At the same time, this framework allows roots to spread even if the tree is surrounded by heavy cement. The Silva Cell can be used in any urban area and or in residential applications. (Silva Cell, 2011)

Case: Downtown Pittsburgh

Maintenance & Repair  The columns are freestanding columns and are isolated and precise for any need for excavation  Removal of columns are easy and rest of the Silva Cells  No utility lines will be disrupted when excavation is needed to place Silva Cell  Maintenance & Repair is manual and simple

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Each Silva Cell installation is unique depending on the site. Costs will vary based on different site characteristics, quantity of frames, decks required for the project, tree size, storm water treatment goals, and the design objectives. Remember that each frame is 48'' (1200 mm) long x 24'' (600 mm) wide x 16'' (400 mm) high and holds about 10 ft3 (.28 m3) of soil.

The Silva Cell system generally costs $14 - $18 per cubic foot installed.

Downtown Pittsburgh is a perfect example of the nearest community to use Silva cells. The intention for this technology was to give the area more green space. Because of the high cost associated with Silva Cells, not all spaces in downtown will be able to afford this technology.

The majority of those asked did believe that it was worth the cost to provide the right environment for a city tree.

Many Pittsburgh residents expressed that they did not want to see trees die and have to be replaced with other trees, adding additional maintenance and replacement costs. People that work or live in downtown will have beautiful trees to see and also benefit from health benefits of cleaner air.

The city of Pittsburgh and the partnership with Western Pennsylvania Conservancy has committed to reach the goal of 20,000 trees by 2012. (Group Hopes Silva Cell Technology Helps Urban Trees Flourish, 2011)

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Biofilters/Bioswales in Urban areas Bioswales have several names including vegetated swales, grassy swales, bioretention areas, and filter strips. They are named differently depending on its purpose and function, as well as how they are engineered. Simply, bioswales are garden landscape spaces designed to remove pollution from surface water runoff. Bioswales are linear rain gardens planted with local native plants to be conducive to the naturally process. The linear rain garden serves as a stormwater management tool by receiving and absorbing stormwater runoff from impervious asphalt or cement surfaces. The bioswales can consist of draining course material with gently sloped sides with less than six percent filled with any native vegetation or compost. The swale area which is in a wide and shallow ditch is designed to trap the pollutants for long periods of time before going to the stormwater system.

Breakdown of certain pollutants depend on the areas climate and land factors.

The most useful area to place bioswales is near or around parking areas. The location is ideal because major automotive pollution is collected by the cement and accumulates with the runoff water.

The bioswale then allows for pollutants to be trapped and treated before releasing it to the storm sewer system or ground water sources.

Bioswales can trap several classes of pollutants.

For instance, inorganic contaminants, organic chemicals and pathogens can be filtered through the bioswales. Examples of inorganic pollutants are metallic compounds such as lead, chromium, cadmium and other heavy metals. Lead is the most prevalent chemical of this class, especially from automotive residue like leaded gasoline. Organic chemicals are also found in pesticides which are used in agricultural and urban landscaping. These chemicals can cause a variety of organism poisoning, thus disturbing the ecosystem. These different pollutants come from the surface water

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runoff and can lead to a variety of diseases in humans and aquatic organisms. (Bioswales and other stormwater features, 2011) List of benefits:  Reduces impervious water runoff volumes and rates.  Recharges groundwater and sustains stream base flows.  Native flowering can be attractive landscaping features that provide food and shelter for birds and butterflies to provide an improved public realm.  Replaces storm sewers within parking lots.  Reduces cost premium where parking islands are already required.  Reduces detention volume and land area necessary for detention.

Cost Unit costs range from $3 to $10 per square foot depending on complexity of system and landscape plan.

Case: Oakland California Bioswales and trees can create greenbelts in any area and has proven to have a great capacity in removing carbon and producing oxygen.

Greenbelts may also mitigate noise pollution and provide visual calmness from busy highways, industrial areas, or main streets.

In Oakland California, a new Urban Biofilter will be used to eliminate SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, Ozone, PAH & other VOC. In the case of this community the use of bamboo trees provides erosion control as well as filters and treats stormwater. Other trees and bioswales can be used depending on the native plants available. The bamboo tree is the fastestgrowing plant that can be used to reforest an area, and it produces 35% more oxygen. Usually most

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan trees take 25 years or longer to achieve maximum pollution filtration; however, bamboo trees have higher effective filtration as it is planted.

The partnership between Port of Oakland and The California Air Resource Board has created a greenbelt plan throughout the areas where high emissions exists. They have analyzed the cost benefits of this proposal and the long term benefits that will last 20-30 years. Any plan implanted with greenbelts needs to analyze and recommend species lists which will be compared against the local temperature, rainfall and other climate predictions.

Partnering and collaborating with organizations is key for any new plan. In the case of Oakland, California, the Rainwater and Greywater Taskforce which include the East Bay Municipal Utility District. This taskforce is pursuing more extensive collaboration with East Bay MUD regarding green infrastructure strategies for utilizing city reclaimed water. This can serve as an example on how different community agencies and local government can come together to create urban bioswales or greenbelts to fulfill irrigation requirements as well as pursue and assess pilot projects for wastewater reuse. (Greenbelt Campaign, 2011)

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pollution flowing into storm sewers and directly to water bodies are greatly reduced. As a result, this protects water quality, maintains more stable base flows to streams, reduces flood peaks, and reduces stream bank erosion.

With infiltration, groundwater is recharged and streams are replenished with cool, clean groundwater in a more natural way. Pervious paving is one component of Low Impact Development, which minimizes the effect of development on the natural environment.

Although every site is different, pervious paving systems can have significant savings by eliminating required retention and detention ponds and reducing the need of conventional storm sewers.

Previous Pavement Pervious paving surfaces are another mechanism that has proven to be an effective tool in managing runoff from paved surfaces. The concern with large volumes of urban stormwater runoff is that it causes serious erosion and siltation in surface water bodies.

Some pervious paving allows water to infiltrate into layers of limestone placed below the paving and then into soil and groundwater below. By having this type of system in place, most of the on-site stormwater runoff and the amount of

Pervious paving surfaces keep the pollutants in the soil or other material underlying sidewalks or parking lots. This allows water seepage to recharge groundwater sources while preventing stream erosion problems. These pervious surfaces capture heavy metals that fall on them, preventing them from washing downstream and accumulating in rivers and oceans. In the void spaces of the pavement, naturally occurring micro-organisms digest car oils, leaving little but carbon dioxide and water. Rainwater infiltration is usually less than that of an impervious pavement with a

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan separate stormwater somewhere downstream.

management

facility

In addition pervious pavements may give urban trees the rooting space they need to grow to full size. The pervious pavement with its structural soil base combines soil and porous surface where it admits vital air and water to the rooting zone. This method incorporates healthy ecology and thriving cities with the tree canopy above, the city's traffic on the ground, and living tree roots below.

An important key to remember about pervious pavements is that there are designed to replace Effective Impervious Areas (EIAs), not to manage stormwater from other impervious surfaces on site.

Use of these permeable or pervious pavements should be part of an overall on-site stormwater management system, and is not a replacement for other techniques. In addition, porous pavement can expand and rise in the case of a flood, preventing stormwater runoff from being absorbed into the ground.

Sources differ on whether low or medium traffic volumes and weights are appropriate for porous pavements. For instance, porous pavement is sometimes cited as being inappropriate around truck loading docks and areas of high commercial traffic. However, given the variability of products available, and the growing number of existing installations in North America, pervious pavement can still be installed in high traffic areas. Targeted research by manufacturers and user agencies, have found that the range of accepted applications for pervious pavements are expanding. Currently, some concrete paver companies have developed products specifically for industrial applications.

Some existing examples are located in busy retail complex parking lots, and on public and private roads, including intersections in parts of North America with quite severe winter conditions.

(Pervious Concrete Pavement, 2011)

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Design Pervious paving systems may be installed in any new site or existing building site. Specifically on a new or existing site, careful planning is essential and should include soil testing. In order to ensure the systems work effectively, it is essential to follow design standards developed by manufacturers and government agencies.

If planned effectively and efficiently, pervious pavement can be used more strategically, using less costly traditional paving. Because the first flush of stormwater carries the most pollutants, cleaning stormwater runoff has measurable water quality benefits.

Some maintenance such as annual inspections is required. In addition, vacuuming the pavement periodically to remove any build-up of leaves and dirt is key for durability. Vacuum-type street sweeping is most effective.

Types of Pervious Pavement Pervious pavement comes in several forms such as porous asphalt or porous concrete installed over as storage bed of uniformly graded limestone.

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Another example is permeable pavers which fit together with funnel-like openings installed over and infiltration storage bed of uniformly graded limestone. (Pervious Concrete Pavement, 2011) Installation of porous pavements is conducted similarly to traditional paving, but has different specifications and procedures which must be strictly adhered to. There are currently nine different families of porous paving materials which present distinctive advantages and disadvantages for specific applications. The following are some examples: Pervious concrete is widely available and can deal with frequent traffic. It is universally accessible and depending on the quality, and the installer's knowledge and experience, it could have tremendous benefits.

Porous asphalt is mixed at conventional asphalt plants, with fine (small) aggregate omitted from the mixture. The rest of the large, single-sized aggregate particles leave open voids that give the material its porosity and permeability. Underneath the porous asphalt surface is a base course of further single-sized aggregate. Porous asphalt surfaces are currently being used on highways to improve driving safety by removing water from the surface.

Single-sized aggregate is placed without any binder, e.g. loose gravel, stone-chippings, as another alternative to traditional paving. This type of permeable pavement can be used in low-traffic, low-speed areas such as car parks and drivers.

These large areas can be great absorption spaces.

Porous turf, if properly constructed, can be used for occasional parking at churches and other venues. The plastic turf is reinforced with grids and may be used to support the increased load.

Living turf transpires water through and actively

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counteracting the "heat island" effect with what appears to be a green open lawn.

Permeable interlocking concrete pavements are tone pieces with open, permeable spaces between the units. These units give an architectural appearance, and can tolerate both light and heavy traffic, particularly interlocking concrete pavers, excepting high-volume or high-speed roads Permeable clay brick pavements are fired clay brick units with open, permeable spaces between the units. Clay pavers provide durable surfaces that allow stormwater runoff to permeate through the joints.

Resin bound paving is a mixture of resin binder and aggregate. The clear resin is used to fully coat each aggregate particle before it is laid out on the surface. Enough resin is needed to allow each aggregate particle to join to one another and to the base while leaving space for water to permeate through the surface. Resin bound paving provides a strong and durable surface and can be used for pedestrian and vehicular traffic in applications such as pathways, driveways, car parks and access roads.

Elastomerically bound recycled glass porous pavement has a bonding process with postconsumer glass and a mixture of resins, pigments, and binding agents. The product trademarked as FilterPave provides a permeable paving material that also reuses recycled materials that would otherwise be disposed in landfills. To have an idea of how much glass is placed in landfills; approximately 75 percent of glass in the U.S. is disposed.

Cost Pervious pavements are up to 25% cheaper or at least no more expensive than the traditional

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan forms of pavement construction. When construction and drainage costs are taken into accounts, the costs for pervious pavement are the same as traditional paving, with higher benefits.

The underground pipework is the most expensive piece of the porous pavement, while the soil and asphalt are the same cost.

Case – City of Atlanta Urban areas are now turning towards using pervious pavements for stormwater management.

For instance the City of Atlanta constructed a parking lot in 2001 for 55 cars with pervious concrete. The location of the parking lot is at the corner of Pryor St. and Memorial Dr, and is used for employee parking at the Bureau of Corrections.

This parking lot is walkable to other government offices like City Hall, the Convention Center, and other downtown locations. A partnership was created with Cool Communities, the Georgia Concrete Products Association, and Trees Atlanta, who were instrumental in coordinating efforts to build the facility and secure landscaping.

The following are some important considerations that the City of Atlanta considered:

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more) depending on the local conditions and requirements for water detention. And for this specific case a six-inch sub base of #57 stone was used in the Atlanta Jail parking lot.

• Most concrete producers have pervious concrete mix that is available for purchase. A typical mix contains no fine aggregate (sand), with a # 89 washed stone, and a high percentage of cement. In the case of Atlanta, six inches of aggregate was used with a void content of about 15 – 20%.

• Since pervious concrete mix is relatively dry a control of moisture is a critical element of proper installation.

• A plastic sheet is necessary on the surface immediately after rolling to assure proper curing.

The plastic should completely cover the pervious concrete surface for 5 to 7 days to allow complete hydration of the cement. If not properly placed and compacted it could result in raveling and loose stones.

• Porous pavements can last up to 25 years or more if properly designed, installed and maintained. (City of Atlanta Project Overview, 2001)

• The pavement and supporting structure should be designed as a drainage system to minimize erosion of soils beneath the site. Water beneath the surface must be able to percolate into the soil, flow into other collection areas, and conveyance or storage systems beneath the surface.

• The site is graded to minimize slope. In a typical installation where relatively impervious soils are present, a non-woven geo-textile fabric is put on the soil, and crushed stone (usually a #57 stone) is put down as a sub-base material.

• The stone commonly used is #57 and is applied as sub-bases which vary (from 2 to 12 inches or

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Recycling Currently there are no recycling methods in Beavers Downtown area. Separate containers for recycling items and litter are not available.

Many cities and municipalities are experiencing tighter budgets during current economic times.

Any type of sustainable mechanism used can assist any fiscal budget. Waste Management can become expensive depending on the number of times trash is picked up a week. Most recently, many cities have placed solar compact trash bins in the most heavily traveled areas. One of the largest waste companies signed a contract with BigBelly Solar in June 2009 to be the sole waste distributor of BigBelly’s technology in North America. Waste Management contracted BigBelly technology to save both money and time. The capacity of the solar compactors is approximately 180 gallons and is self-powered through built-in solar panels. This solar compact bin is able to store five times more trash than a standard city receptacle. Most importantly, the compactor decreases the trash pickup by 80 percent. Overall, the solar compact bin reduces production costs, fuel use, and greenhouse gas emissions. Beaver’s Business District can be one of the most eco-friendly places in the county and surrounding areas.

The inventors of solar compact bins, or currently known as BigBelly, are James Poss and several of his college classmates.

The solar compact bins indicate pickup time by lights on the front panel. Green means the bin is working and has room for more trash; yellow means it is almost full; and red means it is full.

The company has now implemented a tool that sends city workers a text message or a wireless signal when the bin is full. (Waste Management video, 2012)

Case: Philadelphia Another city in Pennsylvania that has taken recycling and its cost savings benefits into account is Philadelphia. The downtown area looked into becoming more environmentally friendly and at the same time cut waste management costs.

Over 500 solar powered trash compactors installed in Philadelphia will reduce weekly collections from 17 to less than 7 times per week. Ultimately, the city will dramatically lower labor and fuel costs in addition to lower CO2 emissions from fuel emissions. It is projected that this plan will save millions of dollars within 10 years, creating independence from the waste management companies. Not all residents were happy with the new technology because it was seen as a waste of money; however, benefits such as less trash, cost savings in fuel, and a more sustainable public realm are some of the long term benefits. (Case Study: City of Philadelphia, 2009)

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Community Engagement Not all capital is tangible. Communities often generate underappreciated assets called social capital, the relational glue that holds communities together, or as political scientist Robert Putnam defines it, “connections among individuals—social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them.” Creating a third place is essential for the Beaver Business District. As individuals in a community interact, work together, and trade favors, a level of trust and feelings of reciprocity is formed to create a third place. Therefore, traveling to and from work  or venturing outside the home, people are able to interact in a sustainable downtown area. This is the foundation of place-making which allows people of the community to engage and interact  with one another in a public forum such as the Beaver Business District.

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and maintain sustainability best practices when they have a feeling of ownership and a stake in the project.

Another component of community engagement is community events centered on the Beaver Clock Tower that promote sustainability.

Improved streetscape designs, new community events, and enhanced pedestrian experiences can help establish Downtown Beaver as the heart of the community, and ultimately a “third place.”

(The US Partnership for Education for sustainable development, 2011) Suggested Community Events Celebrate Earth Day by engaging schools, faithbased organizations, restaurants and business for an annual event.

Bike rack competition designed by local residents.

The bike rack can become the signature piece in the streetscape plan to promote walkability, biking and alternative modes of transportation.

Experience

Engage

Educate



Create an event where the municipality raffles off rain barrels to residents of Beaver to educate and engage them in stormwater management practices.



Initiate an art exhibition with locally designed rain barrels. Place custom art rain barrels around downtown Beaver to serve as educational pieces demonstrating the benefits of stormwater management.

In order to promote sustainability goals within the Business District, education, engagement, and experience is needed. A beautiful downtown area attracts shoppers, tourists and new business which overall creates a better place to live, work and play. The success of a sustainable community depends largely on getting people involved and showing them that they can make a difference.

Informed, motivated, and dedicated citizens and business owners are needed to promote the sustainable vision of Beaver. An important step of civic engagement is to encourage residents to reduce their impact on the environment.

Businesses and citizens are more likely to monitor

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Existing Conditions Recommendations for a sustainable Beaver Business District begin with an analysis of existing conditions. The three block area along Third Street between Insurance Street and Beaver Street is supported by a mix of vibrant commercial retail properties.

While the commitment of local businesses, existing

streetscape design, and wide sidewalks of the Business District compliments the historic character of the Borough, strategies such as stormwater management, improved lighting, and traffic calming can make the business district a model of sustainability.

Figure 7: Plan, Existing Business District Conditions

Figure 8: Section, Existing Conditions at Third Street and College Street 26

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Existing Conditions Analysis After visiting the Beaver Business District at various times throughout the day, the following observations and recommendations can be made in regards to the Sustainable Toolkit. Building upon the three E’s of sustainability, ecology, economy, and equity, these recommendations can improve sustainability practices within the community as well as build social capital.

Energy Efficiency Lighting in the Beaver Business District currently uses incandescent bulbs for street lighting.

Through the Duquesne Light Grant, the district can retrofit their existing lamp posts for LED bulbs which have significant cost saving benefits through longer bulb life and increased safety measures by providing brighter light emission and less heat generation. Additional energy efficiency strategies that Beaver can employ include LED uplighiting on buildings and landscaping and LED crosswalk lighting. These additions to the lighting scheme enhance the safety of the public realm for both pedestrians and drivers as well as create a more inviting environment at night.

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Street Furniture Within the past ten years, the Beaver Business District has undergone extensive streetscape improvements with the help of Town Center Associate’s Beaver County Main Street Network.

The scope of the project included removing overhead utility lines from the Third Street corridor, repaving the sidewalks and crosswalks, as well as removing all parking meters in the three block area. In addition, 20 memorial benches which have been purchased by local citizens and placed along Third Street were refurbished beginning in January 2012. Building upon these recent initiatives, additions to the streetscape include retractable awnings which reduce heating and cooling demands for storefronts as well as create a cohesive look to the Business District.

Hanging flowers and community identifiers can also be added to the lamp posts which will improve the aesthetic quality of the public realm and foster a sense of civic pride by announcing Beaver. Greening of the streetscape also includes the addition of planters which can hold seasonal flowers and plantings with no change to the existing sidewalk. Lastly, bike racks located at major crossings can encourage walkability and the use of alternative modes of transportation within the Business District.

Stormwater Management The Borough of Beaver can improve stormwater management within the Business District, evident in impervious pavement and downspouts that tie into the storm sewer system. As a way to reduce the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff entering storm sewer system and groundwater sources, rain barrels, bioswales, silva cells, and pervious pavement can be implemented in the Business Distract. These techniques, introduced in phases, can cut down on the amount of potable water that is used for irrigation and improve groundwater recharge. Street calming techniques such as bump-outs and medians not only slow the traffic along Route 68 (Third Street) and make 27

Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan pedestrian crossings easier, but can incorporate rain gardens and bioswales to manage stormwater runoff. A unique feature of the Beaver Business District is the fact that there are no overhead utility lines to restrict the growth of street trees.

However, small planter boxes prevent trees from maturing, ultimately reducing the amount of shade generated along the sidewalk. Increasing the tree canopy along the business district through silva cells and larger planters will reduce stormwater runoff, allow for healthy tree growth, as well as provide shade along the sidewalks and storefronts.

Recycling While the Business District provides waste receptacles along the sidewalks of Third Street, there is no formal recycling program in Beaver.

Evident by overflowing trash cans and no trash sorting system, a more stringent recycling program can improve sustainability strategies within the Business District as well as municipality- wide.

Recommendations include solar compacting trash bins which reduce the frequency of collection and saves money through reduced fuel costs. By separating recyclable materials from regular trash, the Borough can reduce the amount of trash that is sent to local landfills.

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Community Engagement Community engagement is centered on the ideas of education, engagement, and experience through the development of new learning programs, implementation of sustainability practices, and designating downtown as a central gathering place within the community. Beaver has many programs in place that encourage civic engagement and participation such as a farmer’s market, light-up festival, and heritage festivals, but by designating a formal gathering space within the Business District, the Borough can create a more engaging public realm. The group has identified the Clock Tower Plaza, which has recently undergone restoration, as a central location within the Business District and a symbol of Beaver’s strong history and culture. By improving the street scape in this location through bike racks, benches, and planters, a meeting place can be developed. In addition, annual events, both existing and new related to sustainability and civic pride can take place in the Clock Tower Plaza.

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan Phasing At the client’s request, the Sustainable Toolkit has been broken down into three phases.

The recommended ideas, which come from the developed toolkit and range from the easiest to implement to the most radical, are tailored to meet Beaver’s needs, but can be used as a marketing tool for other Business Districts. Phase I include

the most cost effective strategies and can be employed within 0-1 years. Phase II deals largely with stormwater management and reconfiguration of the public realm and can be achieved in 2 to 3 years. Phase III completes the sustainable vision plan, reducing the number of parking spaces, introducing a bike lane, and adding bike signage and can be completed in 3 to 5 years.

Phase I (0 – 1 year) - Rain barrels - Bike racks - Community Identifiers - LED retrofitting - Awnings & Planters - Education programs - Recycling bins

Phase II (2 – 3 years) Phase III (3 – 5 years)

- LED outdoor up-lighting - LED crosswalks - Parallel parking - Bike racks - Bike signage - Retractable awnings - Bioswales / Silva cells - Median

Figure 9: Phasing Strategies

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Phase I Phase I recommendations include initiatives that are achievable in a short period of time and are the most cost efficient for creating a more sustainable business district. Strategies employed in Phase I include and mix of energy efficiency strategies, streetscape improvements, stormwater management techniques, recycling plans, as well as civic engagement and education programs.

Strategies Recommended in Phase I: Energy Efficiency: LED Street light retrofitting Street Furniture: Bike Racks Retractable Awnings and Planters Hanging Flower Baskets Community Identifiers Stormwater Management: Rain Barrels Recycling: Recycling Bins Recycling Education Program Community Engagement: Education Programs

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

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Figure 10: Plan, Phase I Recommendations

Figure 11: Section, Phase I Recommendations at Third Street and College Street

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Figure 12: Plan, Phase I Recommendations

LED retrofitting has significant cost saving benefits Retractable awnings reduce energy demands Planters improve the quality of the public realm

Figure 13: Section, Phase I Recommendations for Business District Sidewalk

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Water, sediments, and pollutants are directed towards storm sewers through downspouts.

Impervious pavement collects water and prevents groundwater recharge.

Figure 14: Existing Alley Conditions

Rain barrels help reduce the quantity of water that enters stormwater drainage systems Pervious pavement reduces quantity and improves quality of stormwater runoff, allowing for groundwater recharge.

Figure 15: Rain Barrel Implementation

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Phase II Phase II recommendations have the largest impact on the physical appearance of the streetscape and public realm in the Beaver Business District.

Through stormwater management and subsequent street calming techniques, the Borough can begin to address sustainability as it pertains to ecology, economy, and pedestrian experience. As a way to make the Business District safer for pedestrians, street calming techniques such as bump-outs and a median slow the fast moving traffic that travels along Third Street.

Strategies Recommended in Phase II: Energy Efficiency: Faรงade and Landscape Uplighting LED crosswalk lights Community Engagement: Suggested Community Events Stormwater Management: Install Pervious Pavers along sidewalk, parking bays, and crosswalks Rain Gardens and Silva Cells Increased Tree Canopy Parking Bump-outs Center Median

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Figure 16: Plan, Phase II Recommendations

Figure 17: Section, Phase II Recommendations at Third Street and College Street

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Figure 18, Plan, Phase II Recommendations

LED uplighting improves energy efficiency and illuminate downtown businesses

Bioswales and rain gardens reduce stormwater runoff and allows for groundwater recharge Figure 19: Section, Phase II Recommendations for Business District Sidewalk

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Phase III Phase III recommendations address the traffic patterns in the Beaver Business District, placing priority on the pedestrian and alternative modes of transportation. By changing the parking from diagonal to parallel and adding a bike lane that tie into the existing walking routes in Beaver, more emphasis is placed on alternative modes of transportation, promoting health and environmentally friendly transportation.

In addition, larger sidewalks increase the public realm, providing more room for activity to take place.

Strategies Recommended in Phase I Stormwater Management: Parallel Parking and Reduction of Spaces Pervious Pavement Community Engagement: Bike Lanes Bike Signage

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Figure 20: Plan, Phase III Recommendations

Figure 21: Section, Phase III Recommendations at Third Street and College Street

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Figure 22: Plan, Phase III Recommendations

Parallel parking Bike racks encourage alternative modes of transportation Figure 23: Section, Phase III Recommendations for Business District Sidewalk

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Moving Forward and Next Steps

4. Secure Sources of Funding and Consultation The goal of creating a Sustainable Beaver Business District cannot feasible without securing proper funding and planning. It is suggested that the group look to the following sources for grant opportunities and consultation:

With current sustainability practices in practice and future goals of becoming a paradigm for sustainability, the following steps have been identified for making Beaver’s sustainable vision a reality. In addition, a list of recommendations and resources can help Beaver move forward with the recommended phasing strategy.

  

1. Organize a Task Force By mobilizing a group of Borough leaders, business owners, and residents, sustainability goals within the Beaver Business District can be identified. It is important to represent all stakeholders involved in order to address the broadest base of ideas, opinions, and concerns.

  

2. Adopt a Guiding Principle It is suggested that the Borough of Beaver utilize and build upon the Sustainable Toolkit developed for the vision plan. By using the recommended strategies as a framework for implementation, Beaver can move towards achieving tangible goals and objectives.

3. Appoint a Director of Sustainability It is recommended that the Borough of Beaver appoint a Director of Sustainability, whether in through an existing maniple office or by creating a new Department of Sustainability.

Full success can be achieved by creating accountability and ownership of sustainable practices and vision plans.

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5.

Local Waste Management Pennsylvania’s Main Street Program Santa Monica Office of Sustainability and the Environment http://www.smgov.net Cranberry Township http://www.cranberrytownship.org EPA Green Reserve- Green Streets: A Conceptual Guide to Effective Green Streets Design Solutions http://water.epa.gov/

Promote Sustainable Vision While the Sustainable Beaver Business District only encompasses a three block area, success cannot be realized without the support of the community.

It is important to encourage civic engagement and sustainability education municipality-wide. With support from residents and business owners, the project will have more leverage and create a sense of pride and ownership within the community.

In addition to promoting sustainability within Beaver, the Borough can share sustainability best practices with surrounding communities. As a paradigm of sustainability, the Borough of Beaver and the Business District can help other communities reach their sustainability goals.

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References

ArticleBase.com (September 22, 2009). Awning – types and their importance. Retrieved from: http://www.articlesbase.com/home-improvement-articles/awning-types-and-their-importance1256219.html Remaking Cities Institute. (September 2011). LED Street light Research Project. Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved from: http://www.cmu.edu/rci/images/projects/led-updated-web-report.pdf City of Chicago. (November 2003). Streetscape Guidelines for the City of Chicago Streetscape and Urban Design Program. [PDF document]. Retrieved from: http://www.cityofchicago.org/content/ dam/city/ depts/cdot/Streetscape_Design_Guidelines.pdf City of Milwaukee. (March 2011). Streetscape elements. Milwaukee streetscape guidelines. [pdf document] Retrieved from: http://city.milwaukee.gov/ImageLibrary/Groups/cityDCD/planning/ plans /Streetscape/pdf/StreetscapeElements.pdf City of San Gabriel, California (2006). Chapter 5: Sustainable & Green. Valley Boulevard Neighborhoods Sustainability Plan. [PDF document]. Retrieved from: http://www.sangabrielcity.com/ index.aspx?NID=406 Maryland Deparment of Housing and Community Development and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (2010). Going Green Downtown, A Sustainability Guide for Maryland's Main Streets.

[PDF document]. Retrieved from: www.mdhousing.org/website/documents/green_guide.pdf Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center. (n.a.). Bicycle Parking . Retrieved from: www.bicyclinginfo.org/engineering/parking.cfm

http://

Rain Barrel Source (2012) Retrieved from: http://www.rainbarrelsource.com/rainbarrels/benefitsarticle.cfm Water and Community: A Street Art Exhibit for Whitefish Bay (2011) Retrieved from: http://wfbcivicfoundation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Ite mid=26 Silva Cell (2011) Retrieved from: http://www.deeproot.com/products/silva-cell/silva-celloverview.html Group Hopes Silva Cell Technology Helps Urban Trees Flourish (2011) Retrieved from: http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2011/11/03/group-hopes-silva-cell-technology-helpsurban-trees-flourish/

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Beaver Business District Sustainable Vision Plan

Gabriela Luongo Rosa Rendon Elia Sorice

Bioswales and other stormwater features (2011) Retrieved from: http://habitatsnursery.org/raingardensandbi.html Greenbelt-Campaign (2011) Retrieved from: http://urbanbiofilter.org/greenbelt-campaign/ Pervious Concrete Pavement (2011) Retrieved from: http://www.perviouspavement.org/ Icons from: http://thenounproject.com

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