Riccardo Chiappini Alison Smith
YOURSELF
LE 6C DELL’APPRENDIMENTO
SOFT SKILLS & MEDIATION
UNITÀ DEDICATA ALL'ORIENTAMENTO
PREPARAZIONE ALL’ESAME DI STATO
PROVE INVALSI E A2 KEY FOR SCHOOLS
POTENZIAMENTO GRAMMATICALE
NUOVA EDUCAZIONE CIVICA
Attività con IA
Gruppo
YOURSELF
VIDEO WORK
In apertura di unità un vlog accompagnato da una serie di foto ti farà scoprire tematiche di attualità. Il box BE REAL ti insegnerà tanti modi di dire, mentre a chiusura della sezione troverai una riflessione personale.
1 Plan your future
READ & WRITE
GRAMMAR
Nelle pagine di grammatica troverai tabelle complete, video-animazioni con esempi pratici, esercizi graduati. A fine libro troverai le mappe riepilogative con esercizi di consolidamento, e una ricca sezione di giochi nel GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY FUN
Un video di cultura introduce la sezione finale dello Student’s Book. Insieme al brano da leggere su aspetti della cultura anglosassone, ti eserciterai nell’abilità di scrittura che ti servirà per l’Esame di Stato.
VOCABULARY & COMMUNICATION
Una sezione in cui le parole nuove, accompagnate da un video, si inseriscono in contesti comunicativi che ti insegneranno a esprimerti e a comprendere con facilità. La doppia pronuncia britannica-americana ti sarà utile per la comprensione globale.
PRESENTATION SKILLS
Un’intera pagina dedicata all’abilità di ascolto e alla produzione orale con proposte di presentazioni alla classe, per metterti alla prova e misurare i tuoi progressi.
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING
Una pagina finale dedicata alla riflessione sui tuoi progressi, con un momento di verifica personale e di confronto con il resto della classe.
CULTURE
INVALSI TRAINING
In tutti i volumi, pagine di allenamento alla prova INVALSI del terzo anno con tutte le tipologie di attività e utilissimi consigli e strategie di studio.
Scoprirai il mondo anglosassone con le sue tradizioni in questa sezione che chiude ogni unità. Un video di civiltà ti guiderà verso la produzione di un elaborato che presenterai alla classe.
CITIZENSHIP & CLIL
Lezioni di Educazione civica con quiz e compiti di realtà, video e progetti da sviluppare insieme. Le rubriche CLIL ti aiuteranno ad affrontare temi di altre materie in lingua inglese.
Un’intera unità dedicata all’orientamento e alle scelte che farai in futuro con attività e quiz per conoscere meglio te stesso/a, riconoscere i tuoi talenti e le tue ambizioni.
VOCABULARY BOOSTER
Potrai consolidare e arricchire il tuo vocabolario in questa sezione con immagini, audio e attività divertenti di catalogazione e memorizzazione.
Per concludere, ti eserciterai con le prove scritte e orali dell’Esame di Stato nella sezione Exam Training. Una vasta offerta di argomenti cross-curriculari con attività che rispecchiano quelle dell’esame e tanti consigli ti aiuteranno a prepararti nel miglior modo possibile.
REVISION UNIT
Experiences p. 9
1 Plan your future p. 14
WORKBOOK p. 26
2 Protect the planet p. 38
WORKBOOK p. 50
What job are you going to do?
SEL Be confident
Jobs
Talking about what you can do
Plans for the future
Talking about plans for the future
The Cleanup Kids Project
SEL Be responsible
3 Share your experiences p. 64
WORKBOOK p. 76
4 Be happy p. 88
WORKBOOK p. 100
Have you ever heard of staycations?
SEL Be critical
The environment and climate change
Asking for and giving clarification
Natural disasters
Describing natural events
SOFT-SKILL: Self-awareness
Presentare la propria scatola del tempo
Types of holidays
Talking about experiences
Holiday activities
Giving recommendations
Have you ever experienced stress?
SEL Be mindful
Healthy habits
Making small talk
Food groups and eating habits
Making offers and promises
SOFT-SKILL: Self-management
Presentare il proprio daily check-in
Cities p. 10
Giving advice p. 11
GRAMMAR
VIDEO MAP be going to
Relative pronouns: who, which, that
Adjectives ending with -ed or -ing
Entry Test p. 12
PRESENTATION SKILLS READ & WRITE
Ascoltare la biografia di una persona famosa
Presentare la biografia di una persona famosa alla classe
THINKING ROUTINE
Leggere un articolo su alcune astronaute famose
Scrivere un’email informale
END OF UNIT
Self-assessment Test 1
Assessment for Learning: Writing about your future job
Culture: THE USAAmerican Firsts
VIDEO MAP will will or be going to? will, may, might
VIDEO MAP First conditional
Ascoltare una presentazione sui modi per vivere in modo più ecologico
Parlare degli aspetti positivi e negativi di uno stile di vita più ecologico
MEDIATION – MEDIATING TEXTS
Scrivere un post per i social media
Past participle
VIDEO MAP Present perfect
VIDEO MAP Present perfect with ever and never
Present perfect with How long, for and since
VIDEO MAP Present perfect with just, already and yet
Ascoltare una presentazione su alcuni luoghi turistici di interesse
Presentare alla classe un luogo turistico di interesse
THINKING ROUTINE
Leggere un articolo sull’inquinamento del Monte Everest
Scrivere un riassunto dell’articolo
Ascoltare la presentazione di un piatto tipico
Presentare alla classe un piatto tipico
MEDIATION – MEDIATING CONCEPTS
Organizzare alcune attività per la gestione dello stress
THINKING ROUTINE
Leggere un testo su alcune esperienze di viaggio
Scrivere un’email formale
THINKING ROUTINE
Leggere un articolo sul concetto di hygge
Scrivere un post su un festival
Self-assessment Test 2
Assessment for Learning: Talking about environmental problems
Culture: Australia and New Zealand –The natural world
Self-assessment Test 3
Assessment for Learning: Writing a report
Culture: South Africa
Self-assessment Test 4
Assessment for Learning: Talking with a friend
Culture: Canada
5 Use tech wisely p. 114
WORKBOOK p. 126
What will happen to us with AI?
SEL Be forward-thinking
SOFT SKILLS & MEDIATION 5 p. 138
ORIENTATION
Dream big p. 140
EXTRA GRAMMAR p. 152
INVALSI TRAINING p. 157
CITIZENSHIP & CLIL p. 162
Let's start p. 140
Dreams and talents p. 142
Soft skills p. 143
Technology
Giving instructions
Social media
Apologising
SOFT-SKILL: Decision-making
Presentare la propria digital detox challenge
Let’s play a game! p. 144
My interests and aptitudes p. 146
Now it’s your turn p. 147
World Energy Saving Day – 21st October
International Day Against (Cyber)bullying – 1st Thursday of November
International Holocaust Remembrance Day – 27th January
World Art Day – 15th April
SONGS p. 170 ‘Count on Me’ by Bruno Mars ‘We Are the Champions’ by Queen
FESTIVALS p. 172 Religious and political festivals
VOCABULARY BOOSTER p. 174
GRAMMAR MAPS AND PRACTICE p. 184
GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY FUN p. 194
PRONUNCIATION BANK p. 199
EXAM TRAINER p. 200
TOWARDS INVALSI p. 228
TOWARDS A2 KEY FOR SCHOOLS p. 238
GRAMMAR TABLES p. 252
WORDLIST p. 261
GRAMMAR
VIDEO MAP The passive –Present simple
VIDEO MAP The passive –Past simple
PRESENTATION SKILLS READ & WRITE
Ascoltare una presentazione sui droni
Presentare una importante invenzione
MEDIATION – MEDIATING CONCEPTS
Fare un dibattito su vantaggi e svantaggi di una digital detox
My skills p. 148
Fields of study and life paths p. 150
CLIL – Technology: Renewable energy
CLIL – Citizenship: Digital footprint
CLIL – History: World War II
CLIL – Art: Art movements
THINKING ROUTINE
Leggere un testo sulla nascita e le sfide di Internet
Scrivere un profilo personale per un social media
END OF UNIT
Assessment for Learning: Writing a social media post
Culture: Colours and contrasts of India
R Welcome back!
Last Saturday, I was at home and watched a horror film with my friends. It was so scary. After that, we also had a sleepover, which was fun! This Friday, we're going to the cinema. But we aren’t watching something scary this time – we're watching a comedy!
Two days ago, I went to my favourite band’s concert. It was amazing! I listen to them every day, and sometimes I hang out with friends and we talk about our favourite songs. I’m preparing for a singing competition now. I'm taking part in one next month. All of my friends are going. I’m so excited!
Entertainment
1 Read the texts quickly. What activities does each person talk about? 1 Rhona
watching films, going to the cinema
2 Now read and listen to the texts again. Complete the summary with the missing words.
Two weeks ago, Fran and his family went to Canada to visit some of his relatives. They also went (1) by the lake. This weekend, they are staying at (2) , but they’re going to a relative’s place next Sunday. Max went to his favourite band’s concert two days ago. He says it was (3) . He likes to (4) to his favourite band every day, and to (5) out with his friends and talk about their favourite songs. Last Saturday, Rhona watched a (6) film with her friends. They also had a (7) that night. Next Friday, they are watching a (8) film.
going to concerts, listening to music, singing/ visiting relatives, camping, staying at home with taking part in singing competitions family camping home amazing listen hang horror comedy sleepover
Two weeks ago, my family and I went to Canada to visit relatives. It was a great trip! We also went camping by the lake. The weather was perfect.
We’re staying at home this weekend – my brothers and I are building a tree house. But next Sunday, we're going to our uncle’s house in the countryside – he’s going to make lasagna, which I love!
3 Complete the sentences so that they are true for you.
Jazz concerts are/aren't fun because musicians play di erent songs every time.
1 Horror film are/aren't really scary because
2 I think sci-fi movies are/aren't interesting because
3 Pop music is because
4 I really like/don’t like heavy metal because
5 I really enjoy watching because
4 PAIRWORK Choose one of these topics.
A an interesting activity you did with your family or friends
B an activity or the activities you like doing with them
C an activity or some activities that you are doing with them in the future
Use the monologues in ex. 1 as a model and take turns to talk about it.
A B C
Tell your partner:
• the activity you did
• when you did it
• who you did it with
Tell your partner:
• the activity/ activities you do with them
• when you usually do them
• who you usually do them with
Tell your partner:
• the activity/ activities you are doing with them
• when you are doing it
• who you are doing them with
Rhona
@Elena!3 wrote: Yesterday evening, we got back from the best school trip ever! We went to the mountains and it was so much fun! The (1) changed every day – it was nice at times and not so great at others.
On the first day, it was (2) and warm, and we went hiking up a big hill. But then, in the afternoon, it was (3) and (4) ! Everything got covered in snow super quick.
On the afternoon of the second day, we went to see a beautiful waterfall in the (5) but it got all (6) and cold, and then it started to (7) so we couldn’t see the waterfall in the end and caught the (8) back to the cabin.
The last day was windy and cloudy, but it didn’t rain! So we took a (9) to get to the other side of a lake and we ate our lunch on this beautiful (10) .
I can’t wait to go on the next school trip!
Experiences
1 Complete the social media post. Translate the emojis into words. Then read and listen to the text and check your answers.
2 Read the social media post again. Answer the questions. Where did Elena go for her school trip? To the mountains.
1 What was different every day?
2 When did it start snowing on the first day?
3 Where was the waterfall?
4 Why did Elena and her classmates take the bus back to the cabin?
5 How did Elena and her classmates get to the other side of the lake?
Because it was foggy and cold, and then it started to rain. By boat.
6 Where did they eat?
On a beautiful beach by the lake.
3 Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
It was boiling / icy hot at the beach yesterday.
1 We have to get off / on the bus at the next stop.
2 We spent our summer holiday on a beautiful waterfall / island
3 You can catch / get in the car now, we’re ready to go.
4 The hill / river runs through the town and into the sea.
5 They travelled through the desert / sea on camels.
6 I rode my electric scooter / tube to school today.
7 It was warm / stormy last night, with lots of thunder and lightning.
8 The train / plane landed an hour ago.
4 PAIRWORK Take turns to tell your partner about one of your trips (or other experience). Use the social media post in ex. 1 as a model. Talk about:
• where you went or what you did
• what the weather was like
• how much you liked the trip or experience
REVISION UNIT
Cities
1 Complete the texts with the missing sentences (A-I). Then listen and check.
I live in a small town with lots of interesting places. In the centre, (0) H , and next to it is the town hall. Across the road, there’s a library where I like to study. The train station is not far from the square, (1) For sports, we have a big stadium and a sports centre where I go swimming. Oh, and when we drive, (2) , just after the traffic lights. My town is the best!
Hey! So, this is the quickest way to that comic book shop from your hotel: turn left when you leave the hotel. Then turn right at the traffic lights. After that, take the second road on the right. Keep walking and (5) . Cross the road when you see the cinema. The comic book shop is opposite the cinema. There is another comic book shop nearby – this one has got fewer books than the other one, but it’s cheaper (6) !
I love shopping. There are many clothes shops where I live, but I prefer shopping for clothes at our local shopping centre (3) . There’s also a shoe shop where I bought my last pair of trainers. I also like going to the bookshop because I love reading. After shopping, (4) . Oh, and when I need some new pens or notebooks for school, I go to the stationer’s. It’s next to the newsagent’s where I buy magazines.
A and it sells cooler stuff
B because I can always find something cool to wear there
C and there’s a bus stop just outside
D They have few main courses,
E I usually stop at a café with my friends to get a snack
I love going to a restaurant near my house. The food is amazing! For starters, I usually get garlic bread or soup. (7) , like pizza or pasta – but they are the best pizza and pasta you can find in the city. My favourite side dish is the fries – they’re super crispy! For desserts, (8) . And for drinks, I always get a lemonade. It’s my favourite place to eat out!
F we always stop at the petrol station near the roundabout,
G they have ice cream and chocolate cake
H there’s a big square with a fountain
I go past the café on the left
2 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. bank • chemist’s • main course • past • side dish • straight • take • hospital
My friend visited his grandma in the hospital yesterday.
1 Go the post office and you’ll see the cinema.
2 I ordered salad as a .
past side dish
3 the second road on the right to get to the library.
4 Go on until you see the school.
5 I picked up some medicine from the .
6 She went to the to take out some money.
7 The was spaghetti with tomato sauce.
Take straight chemist’s bank main course
3 PAIRWORK Take turns to tell your partner about a place in your city that you often go to. Use the texts in ex. 1 as a model. Talk about:
• what this place is
• what you can do there
• why you often go there
• how you can get there from your school
Giving advice
1 Read and listen to the texts. Then match them to the information below (A-G).
A Chores aren’t fun, but they’re important. We can make them easier when we follow a plan. Start by making your bed every morning. Helping with the dishes is easy – just load or unload the dishwasher or do the washing-up as soon as you finish eating. Once a week, you can also do the vacuuming and wash the floor. And when you’re watering the plants, remember not to waste water.
B When you’re feeling unwell, it’s important to know how to take care of yourself. But don’t feel like you have to take some medicine for every problem you have. Do you have a sore throat? Drink lots of water then. When you have a cough, just get some rest and keep warm to help your body get better. Of course, when you have earache or a toothache, though, it’s always best to go to the doctor or dentist as soon as you can – you don’t want your earache or toothache to get worse!
C It’s totally normal to feel different emotions. When we feel anxious or worried, we can talk to someone we trust. Things usually aren’t as bad as they seem. And we should also remember that we don’t have to feel happy or full of energy all the time – it’s okay to feel tired and unhappy sometimes. We should always be proud of ourselves for the good things we do, and we mustn’t be afraid to ask for help when we need it!
1 Some things are nicer than they look at first.
Sometimes it’s better not to use anything. 3 This activity isn’t difficult.
2 Read the texts again and complete the sentences. Doing chores is boring.
We should do this before it’s too late.
1 We should do the vacuuming and one day a week.
2 When you’re feeling unwell, sometimes it’s enough to and keep warm.
3 When you or your teeth hurt, you should see a doctor or dentist.
4 It’s a good idea to talk to people when we feel or worried.
5 It’s important to feel of ourselves.
3 YOUR TURN Prepare a short speech in which you give your partner advice on doing something (e.g. doing a chore, curing an illness, how to relax or feel better). Use the texts in ex. 1 as a model. In your speech, say:
• what piece of advice you want to give
• why this is an important or useful piece of advice
• how your partner can do it
ENTRY TEST
VOCABULARY
1 Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 I love watching comedy movies
2 I’m not a fan of musicals,
3 Documentary films are interesting -
4 He loves sci-fi films
5 We watched an animated film
a they teach you about real things like history or nature.
b with talking animals.
c I prefer watching films with no dancing or singing.
d because they make me laugh.
e because they show cool robots.
2 Complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 He part in a competition and won a medal.
2 This weekend, I’m going to my relatives who live in the countryside.
3 I’m going to a sleepover at my friend’s house this Friday.
4 We often go for the weekend to visit new places.
5 I hang with my friends at the mall after school.
3 Choose the correct alternative.
1 It was stormy / warm last night, with thunder and lightning.
2 It’s difficult to drive safely when it’s sunny / foggy.
3 The pavement was cold / icy, so everyone walked carefully.
4 It’s freezing / hot outside, so don’t forget to wear your coat.
5 The weather was boiling / windy, so we stayed in the shade.
4 Which of the options is NOT correct? Cross it out.
1 The hill / mountain / waterfall was steep, but we didn’t have problems to reach the top.
2 The hill / river / waterfall was beautiful, and the water was clear.
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs from the box.
catch • got in • got on • land • miss
1 She the train just before it left.
2 The plane an hour ago.
3 We need to hurry if we want to the bus.
4 I the coach, so I had to take the train instead.
5 She the car and left.
6 Match the descriptions to the places from the box.
library • roundabout • square • bank • post office
1 We can go to this place to take out money.
2 There is usually a fountain at the centre of this place.
3 We can borrow books from this place.
4 We go to this place when we need to send a parcel.
5 Two or more roads meet in this place.
7 Write the shop where you can buy these things. The first letter is given.
1 footwear like trainers and boots – s s
2 medicines – c
3 books – b
4 magazines and newspapers – n
5 school materials like pencils and rubbers –s
8 Complete the sentences with the missing verbs.
1 I the dog every morning before school.
2 You must the rules in class.
3 We shouldn’t resources because this damages the planet.
4 She likes to informed about her favourite topics.
post office hoe hemist’s ookshop ewsagent’s walk follow waste water be tationer’s hop roundabout got on landed catch missed got in have away out
3 We went for a walk by the river / island / lake and saw many trees and birds.
4 The beach /desert / river is very dry with lots of sand and few plants.
5 The island / lake / waterfall had beautiful beaches.
5 We the plants every day because it’s hot and they’re very thirsty.
GRAMMAR
1 Choose the correct answer (A, B or C).
UNIT 1
1 I for school at 8 o'clock.
A always leave B am always leaving C leave always
2 She a book right now.
A reads B is reading C read
3 Mark is sick so he to school tomorrow.
A doesn’t go B is going C is not going
4 does your brother play tennis?
A How old B How often C How much
UNIT 2
5 There a big storm last night.
A were B is C was
6 There a few dogs in the park this morning.
A were B was C wasn’t
7 there many people at the concert yesterday?
A Are B Were C Was
8 I born in 2010.
A was B were C weren’t
UNIT 3
9 There no taxis outside the station.
A were B was C is
10 They travelled by train, and then they on a boat.
A get B getted C got
11 It started raining so he his bicycle back home.
A rode B ridden C riden
12 She walked off before I say anything.
A couldn't B could C can
UNIT 4
13 she football yesterday?
A Did / play B Did / played C Does / played
14 I my grandparents last weekend.
A didn’t visit B didn’t visited C don’t visit
15 He to the party last Saturday.
A didn’t went B didn’t gone C didn’t go
16 They their homework on time.
A can’t finished B couldn’t finish C couldn’t finished
UNIT 5
17 My brother is as tall me.
A than B as C of
18 Today is colder yesterday.
A than B as C of
19 This film is exciting than the one we watched last night.
A more B most C as
20 Of all the fruits, I think apples are the .
A sweeter B most sweet C sweetest
UNIT 6
21 How much do we need?
A cookies B milk C apples
22 I don’t have money.
A many B much C some
23 There are students in the classroom.
A a few B any C a little
24 There is some .
A idea B juice C strawberry
UNIT 7
25 She wear a uniform at school. She can wear casual clothes.
A doesn’t have to B has to C mustn’t
26 You run in the classroom.
A don’t have to B have to C mustn’t
27 I to go to the doctor yesterday.
A must B had to C mustn’t
28 Is there at the door?
A everyone B someone C anyone
UNIT 8
29 She was playing outside when it to rain.
A started B was starting C start
30 When they , we were eating dinner.
A was calling B were calling C called
31 Tom to music while he was doing his homework.
A was listening B were listening C listens
32 He his leg while he was skiing last winter.
A breaked B was broking C broke
1 Plan your future
Ben’s vlog
What job are you going to do?
Hi everyone, welcome to Ben’s vlog! I love vlogging about everything. And today I’m going to talk about jobs. Well, about one job in particular. My future job.
I’m going to be a video game designer. I enjoy playing video games and I’m really good at drawing. I think I’m very creative, too. A video game designer develops new ideas for video games, writes the software code and uses creative skills to develop the virtual world of the game and the characters that live in it.
You don’t need to go to university to become a video game designer, but if you want to stand out, then you should study. You can study things like computer science, for example, or video game design or video game development. All cool stuff, don’t you think?
I also want to design educational games. They’re becoming a big deal because they help people learn new things and develop new skills. Playing games makes learning more engaging, improves motivation and collaboration in the classroom. You can play games to learn a foreign language, of course, but also maths, science and history. I know I’ve got a lot to learn, and it isn’t going to be easy, but I’m ready for it.
And you? What job are you going to do in the future? Write your comments below. Thanks for watching and remember to tune in next week for another episode. Bye!
develops sviluppa software code codice (di un) software if se
BE CONFIDENT
VIDEO WORK 1
1 Look at the photos. What jobs do you think the people do? Would you like to do any of these jobs? Why? / Why not?
2 Watch the video or listen. What job does Ben want to do?
Video game designer.
3 Now read and listen again. Tick (✔) the things Ben says in his vlog. I can draw well.
1 I have very little imagination.
2 I can be a video game designer without studying.
3 I only need to learn computer stuff to be a good video game designer.
4 I want to create video games that teach people to do something.
5 I need to learn many things about video game design.
BE REAL
Match these expressions to their translations. 1 stand out 2 don't you think
3 a big deal
c a b d
4 tune in a sintonizzatevi b distinguerti dalla massa c non credi d qualcosa di veramente importante
4 Reorder the words. Then check your answers using the text
1 about / to / jobs / going / talk / I’m
I’m going to talk about jobs.
2 a / game / going / designer / be / video / to / I’m
I’m going to be a video game designer.
3 isn’t / easy / It / be / going / to
It isn’t going to be easy.
4 in / to / the / job / you / What / do / going / future / are / ?
What job are you going to do in the future?
SEL Leggi la domanda e discutine in coppia.
Ben sembra avere fiducia nelle proprie capacità. Quanto credi sia importante essere sicuri di sé per raggiungere i propri obiettivi? Cosa si può fare per riuscirci?
VOCABULARY & COMMUNICATION
Jobs
1 Match the pictures to the words from the box. Then watch the video or listen and check your answers.
BE AMERICAN
Listen to the words from ex. 1 in American English. Vocabulary Booster pp. 174-175
factory worker • police officer • scientist • firefighter • law yer • journalist • plumber doctor • engineer • hairdresser • waiter • office worker
BE CAREFUL factory fabbrica factory operaio worker farm fattoria, azienda agricola farmer agricoltore
LEARN IT!
Per dire che lavoro fai, si usa I’m a… oppure I work as…
I’m a re ghter. / I work as a re ghter.
2 Listen again and repeat the words.
3 Match the definitions to the jobs in ex. 1. I put out fires and make buildings safe. re ghter
1 I design bridges and roads.
2 I write stories for newspapers and magazines.
3 I write emails and make phone calls.
4 I help people with legal problems.
5 I catch people who steal things.
4 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions in pairs.
journalist office worker lawyer police officer
1 Which jobs do you think have a lot of responsibility?
2 In which jobs do you have to wear special clothes?
3 In which jobs do you have to work at night or at weekends?
Talking about what you can do
5 Watch the video or listen. What would Chloe like to do in the future?
Some volunteering to help the environment.
6
Now read and complete the dialogue with the expressions from the box. Then listen again and check.
have you got any experience • interested in • would you like to do • Yes, I have
Ben What would you like to do in the future?
interested in
Chloe I’m not sure. For now, I’m (1) doing some volunteering to help the environment.
have you got any experience
Ben That’s great. And, (2) of volunteering?
Yes, I have
BE FLUENT
Chloe (3) . Last year, I went to the local park to plant trees.
Ben That’s wonderful. The environment needs hardworking people like you!
Have you got any experience? Yes, I have. Last… Can you work at weekends? Yes, I can. / No, I’m sorry I can’t. What would you like to do? I’d (really) like to…
What are you interested in doing? I’m into… / I’m interested in… How many hours a day is the job? It’s three/four/ ve hours a day.
7 Match the questions to the answers. There are two extra answers you don’t need to use.
d How many days a week is the job?
1 Are you interested in designing the posters?
2 Would you like to sell the concert tickets?
3 Can you work on Saturdays?
4 Have you got any experience with animals?
b f a h e
5 What would you like to do for the open day?
a No, I’m sorry I can’t. I have training then.
b Yes, I’d love to. I’m good at art.
c It’s two hours a day.
d It’s one day a week, either Monday or Thursday.
e I’d really like to show visitors the music rooms, if possible.
f Yes, I can help with that. No problem.
g No, I haven’t. I’m not into art or design.
h Yes, a little. I looked after my guinea pig and rabbit.
8 PAIRWORK Follow the instructions. Talk about what you can do.
Chiedi se ha esperienza con la musica o nell’organizzare un concerto.
Chiedi se può lavorare di sabato.
Rispondi tre o quattro ore.
Chiedi cosa vorrebbe fare.
Rispondi di sì. Sai suonare uno strumento musicale e hai partecipato a un concerto l’anno scorso.
Rispondi che non puoi la mattina. Chiedi quante ore servono nel pomeriggio.
Rispondi che ti piacerebbe aiutare a organizzare il concerto, non a suonare.
Chiedi cosa è interessato/a a fare. Rispondi che sei interessato/a a produrre dei poster. .
Student A
Student B
Plans for the future
BE AMERICAN
Listen to the words from ex. 9 in American English.
9 Match the verbs to the objects. Then listen and check. g do 1 attend 2 get 3 join 4 run 5 take part 6 visit
a in an exchange programme
b a famous city
c a marathon
d a charity organisation
e a course
f a (language) certificate
g an extreme sport
10 Write the expressions from ex. 9 under the pictures.
BE CURIOUS
The London Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors, along with races in Boston, New York, Chicago, Berlin, and Tokyo.
run a marathon visit a famous city get a language certificate take part in an exchange programme attend a course join a charity organisation take part attend run join get
11 Complete the sentences with the correct verbs. We’d like to visit Bari and Lecce.
1 You need to be 15 or older to in the lifeguard training programme.
2 I’m going to an intensive Italian language course.
3 My father is going to a 40 km marathon next month.
4 My hopes are to the Red Cross as a volunteer.
5 I want to study to a B1 certificate in German.
12 PAIRWORK Ask and answer questions with your partner using the phrases in 9. Use the examples below.
Would you like to attend a language course? What language would you like to learn?
Yes, I would.
I’d like to attend a German language course.
Talking about plans for the future
13 Watch the video or listen. Which of the activities in ex. 9 are Chloe and Ben talking about?
14 Now read and complete the dialogue with the missing words. Then listen and check.
Chloe What are you going to do this summer?
Ben I’m (1) the Northampton Marathon.
Chloe No way. That’s brilliant. And how (2) for it?
Ben I (3) 3 days a week for thirty minutes.
going to run are you training ’m running going to do Run a marathon.
Chloe Well, I’m sure you’re (4) great, but stop eating junk food, OK? It might help!
BE FLUENT
a What are you going to do this summer? I’m going to join a charity organisation.
b What are your plans for next year? My plans are to take part in an exchange programme.
c What would you like to do/try in the near future? I’d like to try an extreme sport.
d What are your hopes for your future plans? My hopes are to nd a job that I like.
15 Which question from the box above are the people answering? Match the people to the questions a-d.
For my future plans, my hopes are that I can turn my love for art into a job.
My plans next year are to get better at my drawing and start learning how to swim.
This summer, I’m going to visit my grandparents. They live in a beautiful little town in the mountains.
In the near future, I’d like to try travelling to di erent countries. I’ve always wanted to explore new places.
16 PAIRWORK Make a list of things you are planning or intend to do in the future. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then ask and answer questions with your partner.
I’m going to learn how to play the guitar. What are you going to do next year?
Mike
Anika
Martin
Paula
be going to VIDEO MAP
I’m going to talk about jobs. It isn’t going to be easy.
Forma a ermativa
Estesa Contratta
What job are you going to do in the future?
Forma negativa
Estesa Contratta
I am going to play. I’m going to play. I am not going to play. I’m not going to play. You are going to play. You’re going to play. You are not going to play. You aren’t going to play. He / She / It is going to play.
We / You / They are going to play.
Forma interrogativa
He / She / It’s going to play. He / She / It is not going to play. He / She / It isn’t going to play.
We / You / They’re going to play.
Am I going to play?
We / You / They are not going to play.
Risposte brevi
We / You / They aren’t going to play.
Yes, you are No, you aren’t
Are you going to play? Yes, I am No, I’m not Is he / she / it going to play? Yes, he / she / it is No, he / she / it isn’t Are we / you / they going to play?
Yes, we / you / they are No, we / you / they aren’t
p. 30
LEARN IT!
Si usa be going to per:
• esprimere l’intenzione di fare qualcosa I’m going to join a charity organisation.
• fare previsioni in base a dati evidenti It isn’t going to be easy. Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.
1 Choose the correct alternative.
Laura’s going to / going to become a doctor.
1 Mum and dad are going to / is going to have a big party for their anniversary.
2 I’m going to /’m going make pizza tonight.
3 It’s going to / go to be sunny tomorrow.
4 Don’t play with your glasses. You’re going to break / break them.
5 Annie and I am going / are going to learn Russian next year.
6 Look! That cat is going to fall / fall from the tree!
2 Write I if the sentences in exercise 1 express intention and P if they express prediction.
3 Make sentences using be going to. I / study I’m going to study. 1 she / play 2 they / travel 3 it / fall
She’s going to play. They’re going to travel. It’s going to fall.
we / start
We’re going to start.
he / eat
He’s going to eat.
you / dance
You’re going to dance.
Match each situation to a plan. b You failed an exam.
You forgot to meet a friend at the park. 2 You have to get up very early tomorrow. 3 It’s your grandpa’s birthday.
a I’m going to buy him a jazz record.
b I’m going to try again next week.
c I’m going to phone him and apologise.
d I’m going to set my alarm clock and my brother’s.
5 Complete the sentences with the negative form of be going to.
He’s not going to play tonight, he broke his leg.
1 The bus is late. I wait for it.
2 The forecast says it rain.
‘m not going to isn’t going to aren’t going to
3 They win this match. They aren’t very good.
4 I play tennis. I’m too tired.
5 Mum cook dinner tonight. She asked me and my brother to do it.
6 I hope you ride your bike in traffic. It’s very dangerous.
6 Complete the text with the affirmative or negative form of be going to and the verbs from the box.
see • meet • take • be • order • come • make
I’m going to meet Sara in Boston this weekend. We (1) the new Emma Stone film. Her last film was great, but Sara says this one (2) even better! Unfortunately, Julie and Mark (3) because they haven’t got any money. After the film, Sara (4) me to her place, but she’s a terrible cook so she (5) dinner. We (6) a pizza on the phone.
7 Listen and check.
8 Write questions and short affirmative (✔) or negative (✘) answers. Then listen and check.
you / do a challenging job? (✔) ‘Are you going to do a challenging job?’ ‘Yes, I am.’
1 our parents / buy a new car? (✔)
2 she / work in a hospital? (✘)
3 we / learn a new language? (✘)
4 Mum and dad / travel abroad next month? (✔)
5 we / change school next year? (✔)
6 it / be fun? (✔)
7 your brother / become an office worker? (✘)
8 our class / win the Maths Olympics? (✔)
People who do challenging jobs are heroes.
I like jobs which are di cult.
There was a story that I saw on the Internet.
Relative pronouns: who, which, that
‘m not going to isn’t going to aren’t going to are going to see is going to be aren’t going to come which which which which who who who who who which is going to take isn’t going to make are going to order
• Si usano i pronomi relativi who, which e that per speci care o identi care di quale persona o cosa stiamo parlando. Corrispondono all’italiano “che”, “il quale”, “la quale”, “i quali” e “le quali”.
• Si usa who per le persone, which per cose e animali. Entrambi i pronomi possono essere sostituiti da that
Choose the correct alternative.
I live in a house who / which has a big garden.
1 Did you know the man who / which sang in the concert?
2 The computer that / who Greg bought last year is very slow now.
3 The woman which / who you saw is the doctor.
4 This is the game which / who I borrowed from Sam.
5 I lost the book who / that you gave me.
6 We need a firefighter who / which speaks French.
Complete the sentences with who or which.
The Parthenon is a monument which is in Athens.
1 New York is the city is also called the ‘Big Apple’.
2 The Eiffel Tower is a monument is in Paris.
3 Someone drives a bus is called a bus driver.
4 I like the Leaning Tower is a famous building in Pisa.
5 UNICEF is an organisation protects children.
6 People don’t eat meat are called vegetarians.
7 John is the guy is staying with us for the summer.
8 My aunt works in New York is getting married in June.
9 The man is in front of you is my uncle.
10 I don't remember car she has got.
LEARN IT! Rules p. 31
Key p. 265
GRAMMAR 1
Adjectives ending with -ed or -ing
He’s an amazing person.
I’m amazed by the bravery of re ghters.
LEARN IT!
In inglese molti aggettivi corrispondono al participio presente (su sso -ing) o passato (su sso -ed) dei verbi. Gli aggettivi in -ing descrivono una persona o una cosa che causano un sentimento, mentre gli aggettivi in -ed descrivono i sentimenti che proviamo. The lm was boring. ➞ Il lm era noioso.
I’m bored ➞ Sono annoiato/a.
11 Choose the correct alternative.
The film was really exciting / excited.
1 That exercise was really confused / confusing
2 My dad gets annoyed / annoying when I don’t listen to him.
GRAMMAR ROUND-UP
13 Complete the dialogue with the correct option (A, B or C).
Prishna Hey Sam. What’s wrong? You look worried.
Sam Yeah, I am. Our German teacher is (1) us a really difficult test next week.
Sam Yeah, yeah, I’m going to start (3) but German is just so (4) .
Prishna Ah, he had an (8) party last year. Can I come too? Rules p. 32
3 Martin didn’t pass the exam! I was shocked / shocking!
4 I’m amazed / amazing you don’t like chocolate!
5 Running is really bored / boring, I prefer swimming.
6 It’s really surprised / surprising that she didn’t like the film.
12 Complete the adjectives with -ed or -ing
Patrick’s PE lesson is always very tiring
1 What an amaz sunset!
2 I think astronauts have such an excit job.
3 Greta is really excit about her birthday party.
4 We were shock to hear the news!
5 That horror film was too frighten
6 I’m really interest in robotics.
14
Prishna OK… well, (2) going to study?
Prishna Well, (5) to rain this weekend so you can’t go out anyway.
Sam Yeah, but you know Mike (6) lives next door… well, he (7) going to have a party on Saturday night and I really want to go.
going to give are you tomorrow boring it’s going who is amazing
A worry B worried C worrying
1 A going give B going to giving C going to give
2 A are you B is he C are they
3 A yesterday B tomorrow C last week
4 A bored B challenged C boring
5 A it’s going B it going C it was going
6 A which B where C who
7 A is B are C be
8 A shocking B amazing C disappointing
Find the mistake in the sentences.
This is the place who I was born.
This is the place where I was born.
1 Tim are going to make pasta for dinner.
Tim is going to make pasta for dinner.
2 That’s such an interested book.
That’s such an interesting book.
3 Who are you going meeting this weekend?
Who are you going to meet this weekend?
4 Do you have a pen where works?
Do you have a pen which works?
5 I think Una is a really amazed person.
I think Una is a really amazing person.
6 It’s going to rain last weekend.
It’s going to rain next weekend.
A biography
LISTENING
1 Look at the photo. Do you recognise him? Listen to the biography and complete the information.
Place of birth: Job:
Listen to the biography again and put these things in the order they appear in the audio.
Women in Space
1 Samantha Cristoforetti has several rsts to her name.
THINKING ROUTINE
Look at the photos. Answer the questions.
SEE Do you know any of these people? THINK What do you think they have in common? WONDER What would you like to know about them?
She was the rst Italian woman in space and she was the rst person who made an espresso on the International Space Station (ISS). Samantha joined the Italian Air Force in 2001 and was one of their rst women ghter pilots. She completed her basic astronaut training with ESA (European Space Agency) in November 2010.
During her training and her rst mission on the ISS in 2014 and 2015, which lasted 199 days, she wrote a memoir Diary of an Apprentice Astronaut
She went back to the ISS in the spring of 2022 for her second mission. She served as commander during this mission, when she became the rst European female commander of the International Space Station. She landed safely back on Earth on the 14th October of the same year.
2 Christina Koch also holds an impressive record. She spent 328 days on the ISS which is the longest single space ight for a woman.
She completed her astronaut training with NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) in 2015 and in March 2019 she joined the crew aboard the ISS as a ight engineer. While in space, she carried out experiments into dark matter, pharmaceutical research and 3D biological printers. Together with Jessica Meir she also conducted the rst all-female spacewalk. Back on earth, she enjoys activities like climbing, sailing and sur ng.
3 Jessica Meir has a list of incredible quali cations and had an impressive career before becoming an astronaut.
She has a Doctorate in Marine Biology and was Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School.
She took part in research ights on NASA’s reduced gravity aircraft and was an aquanaut in an underwater habitat as part of an Extreme Environment mission.
The NASA training which Jessica undertook to prepare her for her 205 days on board the ISS included scienti c and technical lessons to learn the systems of the ISS, as well as physiological and survival training.
1 Look at the photos. What do these people do? What qualities do you think you need for this job? Choose the five most important for you. Use a dictionary to help if necessary.
physical strength
Students' own answers
2 PAIRWORK Compare your answers with your partner’s. Did you have the same ideas? What differences are there?
3 Read and listen to the three profiles. What do these abbreviations stand for?
4 K Read the profiles again. Answer the questions. Which of the three astronauts…
2 has spent the longest period of time in space?
a has published a book about her experiences as an astronaut?
b has also participated in a mission under the sea?
c has taught before becoming an astronaut?
d has done different types of research while on the ISS?
5 Read the email quickly. What job would Bohdan like to do?
6 Tick (✔) the things Bohdan does in his email. 1 He includes a friendly greeting. 2 He explains how he’s doing.
He asks you to reply in a friendly way.
He signs out using his first name.
e has visited the ISS twice? Ricorda di usare le contrazioni e un linguaggio colloquiale quando scrivi un’email informale.
He includes the date when he wrote his email.
7 Reply to Bohdan’s email. Include all the points you ticked in ex. 6. Remember to answer all the questions he asks you.
How are things? All’s good here. Nothing’s changed –my parents are well and my little brother’s still a pain in the neck.
It’s What Job Day at school next week. Some visitors are going to come and talk about their jobs. They’re going to tell us what they do on a normal day, the skills you need to do their job, and what they like most about it. Do you have similar events in your school?
Anyway, I’m still not sure what I’d like to do in the future. My mother says I should study to become a lawyer, while my father says I should become a doctor. I think I’d like to be a journalist, though.
And you? What job would you like to do in the future?
Write soon, Bohdan
What job are you going to do?
1 Completa il riassunto del vlog di Ben a pagina 15 con le parole nel riquadro. Poi guarda o ascolta di nuovo e controlla le tue risposte.
creative • drawing • educational • fun • job learning • university • video game designer
In his vlog, Ben talks about his future job. He wants to become a (1) because he loves playing video games and he’s very good at (2) . He also says that he’s very (3) Ben says that you don’t need to go to (4) to become a video game designer, but it’s important to study hard if you want to be a very good designer and find a job more easily. According to Ben, video games are not just about having (5) . They are also about (6) and growing. This is why he wants to design (7) games to help people develop new skills.
video game designer creative university fun learning educational drawing
2 BE REAL Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
1 Many students want to join the school basketball team, so I need to train hard to stand out / tune in and get a place.
2 Hanna told me I should read The Hobbit, but I think it’s a bit too long, big deal / don't you think?
3 I don’t think it’s a stand out / big deal that you didn’t get the highest mark in the exam. You passed it – that’s the important thing.
4 This podcast is so good. I always tune in / big deal at 5 p.m. to listen to it.
5 In your class, only two students stand out / tune in in English: you!
MY GLOSSARY
1 00 Listen and repeat. Then write the Italian translation. Jobs astronaut doctor engineer factory worker firefighter hairdresser journalist lawyer office worker plumber police officer scientist waiter
accountant actor builder chemist cook dancer electrician farmer film director flight attendant IT technician mechanic nurse painter personal trainer shop assistant software developer vet
Plans for the future attend a course do an extreme sport get a (language) certificate join a charity organisation run a marathon take part in an exchange programme visit a famous city
astronauta dottore/dottoressa ingegnere/a operaio/a vigile del fuoco parrucchiere/a giornalista avvocato/a impiegato/a idraulico/a poliziotto/a scienziato/a cameriere/a
frequentare un corso fare uno sport estremo ottenere una certificazione (linguistica) unirsi a un’organizzazione di volontariato correre una maratona partecipare a un programma di scambio visitare una città famosa contabile, ragioniere attore/attrice costruttore/trice farmacista cuoco/a ballerino/a elettricista agricoltore/trice regista assistente di volo tecnico/a IT meccanico/a infermiere/a imbianchino/a allenatore/trice commesso/a sviluppatore/trice di software veterinario/a
VOCABULARY MAPS
2 Completa la mappa con i mestieri nel riquadro. Alcune parole possono andare in più di una categoria. doctor • office worker • engineer • waiter • factory worker • firefighter • police officer • scientist
I work in a laboratory.
3 Aggiungi alla mappa dell'es. 2 altri mestieri che conosci.
4 Completa le espressioni nella mappa con i verbi mancanti.
Education & Travelling attend a course a language certificate part in an exchange programme a famous city
PLANS FOR THE FUTURE
Sport an extreme sport a marathon
Volunteering a charity organisation
1 Abbina le due parti e forma i nomi dei mestieri.
Talking about what you can do
4 Ascolta le domande e scegli la risposta corretta.
Audioscript p. 265
1 A Yes, I have. I’ve written for the school magazine for three years now.
B I’d like to write a comic book.
2 A Last year, I took part in an exchange programme.
B I’m into maths and physics.
3 A It’s five hours.
B You can also work on Saturdays. 5 Completa i mini-dialoghi con le espressioni nel riquadro.
can you work • hours a day • are you interested in I am • into art and music • many hours a day really like • would you like
1 A What would you like to do?
Hi! I’m Lynn. I’m doing a project about jobs. The question I have to answer is this: What job would you like to do in the future? I don’t mind a job as a journalist / plumber because I like writing stories, but I think I really want to be a (1) hairdresser / video game designer because I love video games. My dad is an (2) engineer / animator – he designs roads and buildings – and my mum works in a lab –she’s a (3) factory worker / scientist But I really don’t want to do their jobs! My brother says he wants to be an (4) astronaut / doctor because he loves anything that has to do with outer space! And finally, my cousin Jess says she wants to be a (5) firefighter / police officer so she can help catch criminals!
B I’d to study medicine.
2 A at weekends?
B Yes, .
3 A How is the job?
B It’s two
4 A What doing?
B I'm
really like Can you work I am many hours a day hours a day into art and music are you interested in
Leggi le domande e completa il dialogo con risposte appropriate.
Students’ own answers
Mr M. At the school summer camp, we have several positions. Have you got any experience at a camp or with children?
Mr M. The camp is for six weeks, Monday to Saturday. Can you work every day?
Mr M. The job is five hours every day, either the morning or the afternoon. Is it a problem for you?
Mr M. What would you like to do?
Mr M. And what are you interested in doing?
Mr M. I see. Well, I can give you my answer tomorrow.
VOCABULARY
Plans for the future
7
Completa il dialogo con le espressioni nel riquadro.
extreme sport • joined • language certificate take part • visited
Ali I’d like to take part in an exchange programme next year.
Mia That’s cool. Don’t you need to get a (1) to do that?
Ali Yes, I do. I already have one.
Mia And where would you like to do that?
Ali Ottawa, in Canada. I (2) it last year and I fell in love with it.
Mia Great. I’m going to try to do some free climbing next year.
Ali Wow. Isn’t that an (3) ?
Mia It is, but I’m good at climbing.
Ali Are you going to do that on your own?
Mia No. I’m going to do it with this climbing organisation I (4) last year.
8 Correggi i verbi in ciascuna domanda. Would you like to attend an extreme sport?
do
1 Have you ever got a charity organisation? Would you like to?
Have you ever joined a charity organisation? Would you like to?
2 What language certificate would you like to join in the future?
What language certificate would you like to get in the future?
3 Which is the last city you have run?
Which is the last city you have visited?
4 I’m going to join the Brighton marathon next April.
I'm going to run the Brighton marathon next April.
5 I’m going to take part an online course on how to create a website.
I'm going to attend an online course on how to create a website
9 Rispondi alle domande dell’es. 8 in modo personale.
10 Sottolinea le sillabe accentate. Poi ascolta e controlla.
attend • extreme • certificate • charity marathon
Talking about plans for the future
11 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
1 What are your hopes / likes for next year?
2 Are / Would you like to go climbing next weekend?
3 Are you want / going to Erica’s party this Saturday?
4 How / What are your plans for Christmas?
5 What would you / are you going to like to do tonight?
12 Abbina le risposte alle domande dell’es. 11.
a We’re going to go to visit my grandmother in Lucca and spend the holidays there.
b I’m not sure. I’d like to stay home and watch a movie.
c I’d like to, but I’m quite scared of heights.
d No. I’m going to see my sister play water polo.
e 1 I’d like to get into dental school and become a dentist.
13 Scrivi le domande che senti. Poi rispondi in modo personale.
Would you like to run a marathon?
What are your plans for next week?
What are you going to do after this lesson?
What extreme sports would you like to try in the future?
Are you going to go to university when you finish school?
COMMUNICATION ROUND-UP
14 Completa il dialogo con le parole nel riquadro. Ci sono due parole in più. Poi ascolta e controlla.
• certificate • do • experience interested • into • really • part • would
Liam What are you interested in, Ivy?
Ivy I’m really (1) graphic design.
Liam Is that what you (2) like to do in the future?
Ivy Yes, I would (3) like to become a graphic designer.
Liam That sounds great! Have you got any (4) in graphic design?
Ivy No, but I (5) an online graphic design course last year. I also got a (6) from it.
Students’ own answers into really experience would attended certificate
be going to
Affirmative form
La forma a ermativa del futuro con be going to si ottiene con:
soggetto + am / is / are + going to + forma base del verbo
Il futuro con be going to si usa per:
• esprimere l’intenzione di fare o non fare qualcosa – in questo caso è spesso accompagnato da espressioni di tempo futuro
We’re going to have a party at our house tomorrow.
• fare previsioni su qualcosa che sta per accadere basate sull’osservazione dei fatti
There isn’t a cloud in the sky. I think it’s going to be a nice day.
1 Riordina le espressioni di tempo dal futuro più prossimo a quello più lontano.
in two weeks’ time • this weekend • tomorrow • in 2045 this evening • next week • in one hour the day
in one hour the day after tomorrow in two weeks’ time this evening this weekend in three years’ time tomorrow next week in 2045
2 Leggi le frasi. Scrivi I se si tratta di un’intenzione e P se si tratta di una previsione. Look! It’s going to rain! P
1 I’m going to be a scientist when I grow up.
2 Ylenia and Annie are going to buy pizzas.
3 My aunt is going to have a baby boy soon.
4 Mum and Gran are going to have lunch later.
5 Quick! The train is going to leave!
6 Oh no! There’s going to be a storm tomorrow.
7 We're going to play football tonight.
8 Luca is going to visit London next summer.
9 She is a very good tennis player, you are going to lose the match.
3
Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
We are going / are going to have lunch together.
1 Melissa are / is going to cycle to school.
2 I am going to / are going to wear that dress on Saturday.
3 Francesca and I is going / are going to take the bus tomorrow.
4 Rashid is going to make / making lasagne for dinner.
5 Tom going to / ’s going to cycle to the sports centre.
6 The test is going to / am going to be very difficult.
be going to
Negative and interrogative forms
La forma negativa del futuro con be going to si ottiene con:
soggetto + am / is / are + not (’m not / isn’t / aren’t) + going to + forma base del verbo.
I’m not going to study French next year.
La forma interrogativa si ottiene con: Am / Is / Are + soggetto + going to + forma base del verbo.
Are you going to come home soon?
What are you going to do?
Nelle risposte brevi si usa solo il verbo be:
Yes, + soggetto + am / is / are. No, + soggetto + ’m not / isn’t / aren’t.
4 Completa le frasi con la forma affermativa o negativa di be going to.
I’m going to see that new film – I can’t wait.
1 Fred buy any new clothes this month. He hasn’t got any money.
2 Mum and Dad take the train to Edinburgh – it’s quicker than the bus.
3 Pete and I have a holiday in Hawaii next year!
4 We get Max a video game for his birthday. He already has loads!
5 It's warm and sunny outside. It rain.
isn’t going to are going to are going to aren’t going to 's not going to is going to
6 Lucy have her birthday party at her grandma’s house this summer.
LEARN IT!
LEARN IT!
5 Completa le domande e abbina le risposte.
1 we (buy) the Christmas presents tomorrow?
2 he (be) upset if I don’t go to his party?
3 the children (get) bored on holiday?
4 it (rain) this weekend?
5 Mum (be) in time for dinner?
6 your team (win) the match?
a No, they aren’t. There’s lots of activities for them.
b Yes, we are. It’s going to be so much fun!
c No, she isn’t. She’s out until late this evening!
d Yes, he is. He really wants you to come.
e Yes, it is. The weather forecast says it’s going to be cold too.
f No, it isn’t. Look, the score’s already 2-0 for the other team.
6 Scrivi domande e risposte brevi. you / go to London next weekend? (✘) Are you going to go to London next weekend? No, I’m not.
1 Kelly / buy a new scooter? (✔)
Is Kelly going to buy a new scooter?
Yes, she is.
LEARN IT!
Relative pronouns: who, which, that 7 Completa le frasi con who o which.
2 you and your sister / visit / us? (✔)
Are you and your sister going to visit us?
Yes, we are.
3 Dad / play tennis on Saturday? (✘)
Is Dad going to play tennis on Saturday?
No, he isn’t.
4 David and Luke / work at Christmas? (✘)
Are David and Luke going to work at Christmas?
No, they aren’t.
5 Greta / be an astronaut in the future? (✔)
Is Greta going to be an astronaut in the future?
Yes, she is.
6 Tom and Emma / fly to England? (✔)
Are Tom and Emma going to fly to England?
Yes, they are.
7 English team / win the World Cup? (✘)
Is the English team going to win the World Cup?
b d a e c f next year. them.
Are Is Is Is Is Are going to buy going to be going to rain going to be going to win which which which who who which going to get
Le frasi relative si usano per dare ulteriori informazioni sulla persona o cosa di cui si parla. I pronomi relativi who, which, that corrispondono in italiano ai pronomi “che”, “il/la quale”, “i/le quali”.
• who si usa per le persone
The girl who is talking to Alice is my cousin.
• which si usa per gli animali e le cose
This is the lm which won an Oscar in 2024.
• that può essere usato al posto di who e which He’s the boy that I met at your party.
Show me the photos that you took in London.
The Parthenon is a monument which is in Athens.
1 I like the Leaning Tower is a famous building in Pisa.
2 The Eiffel Tower is a monument is in Paris.
3 New York is the city is also called the ‘Big Apple’.
4 People don’t eat meat are called vegetarians.
5 Someone drives a bus is called a bus driver.
6 UNICEF is an organisation protects children.
8 Unisci le due frasi con il pronome relativo corretto.
Where is the milk? I bought it this morning.
Where is the milk which/that I bought this morning?
1 This is the house. My aunt bought it in 2022.
This is the house which/that my aunt bought in 2022.
2 That is Nick. He came to your party.
That is Nick who/that came to your party.
3 These are the photos. I took them in Greece.
These are the photos which/that I took in Greece.
4 I really like the biscuits. They have chocolate on them.
I really like the biscuits which/that have chocolate on
5 I’m speaking to my friend. She is going to France next year.
I’m speaking to my friend who/that is going to France
No, it isn't.
GRAMMAR 1
-ed / -ing adjectives
LEARN IT!
Gli aggettivi che niscono in -ed descrivono le emozioni di una persona.
Gli aggettivi che niscono in -ing descrivono una situazione o una cosa.
I’m just worried about you. That’s an interesting job!
9 Completa le parole con -ing o -ed. That was such a bor film!
1 Are you interest in art?
2 My uncle has a really excit job – he’s a firefighter.
3 I love horror films – they’re so excit !
4 I’m disappoint that I can’t go to Tim’s party this weekend.
5 What are you worr about?
6 Our trip to America was amaz !
10 Completa il dialogo con le parole nel riquadro. amazing • annoyed • confused • disappointing interesting • bored • exciting
Fran What are you doing?
Tom I’m watching a really interesting documentary about air traffic controllers.
Fran Oh right. But there’s a really (1) film on Channel 3.
Tom No, I’ve seen that… I got (2) after five minutes.
Fran Oh that’s (3) … Keira told me the actors were (4) and the scenery was stunning.
Tom Maybe she got (5) with another film… anyway, ssh, I’m watching this.
Fran OK… don’t get (6) .
GRAMMAR ROUND-UP
11 Completa il testo con le parole nel riquadro. going to do • to take • excited • we’re going to which • are you going • interesting
I’m Greta and I’m 15. I’m going to do three weeks’ work experience in my aunt’s office this summer. She’s a lawyer. She says it’s a very (1) job. She works in an office (2) is on the 23rd floor of the Shard building in central London. I’m really (3) ! I’m going (4) the Tube to the office in the morning and (5) have lunch together in a café near the River Thames. What (6) to do this summer?
12 Ascolta il dettato e scrivi il testo.
Audioscript p. 265
ing ed ing ing ed ied ing exciting bored disappointing amazing confused annoyed interesting which excited to take we’re going to are you going
13 Traduci le frasi.
Key p. 265
Cosa farà Ollie questo weekend? What is Ollie going to do this weekend?
1 Non farò la pasta per pranzo.
2 Questo è il paese dove è nato mio papà.
3 Greg è eccitato per il suo nuovo lavoro.
4 Hannah e Will compreranno / hanno intenzione di comprare una nuova casa.
5 Questo film è molto deludente.
6 Non riesco a vedere chi sta parlando.
READING
1 Leggi velocemente il testo e scrivi sotto le foto di quale professione si tratta.
2 Rileggi e ascolta il testo. Abbina i titoli ai paragrafi.
A Advantages and disadvantages
1 Do you often think about what job you would like to do in the future? You probably imagine a job with standard working hours, say from about 8 or 9 in the morning to 5 or 6 in the afternoon, but there are many workplaces that require people round the clock
There are day shifts and night shifts. A night shift is usually from midnight to 8 a.m.
2 The rst jobs we think of where people work night shifts are nurses, police o cers and hotel sta . But night shifts are more common than you think. People connected with delivery and transport such as taxi and lorry drivers, warehouse sta and air tra c controllers, work night shifts. Many jobs in IT can also include night shifts because it is important for companies to have tech support 24/7 or to carry out maintenance and updates when other workers are not using the systems.
3 Tim, a 20-year-old hotel receptionist from Manchester, says it is not so common for young people to
3 INVALSI Rispondi alle domande usando un massimo di 4 parole.
B Working shifts C Types of jobs
start working night shifts immediately. ‘At rst it’s going to be di cult to adjust your sleeping habits. And it can be more challenging to have a good work / life balance. For example, I nd it very hard to see my friends! On the positive side, you can have more exibility during the day and you can earn more money.’
LISTENING
4
shifts turni round the clock tutto il giorno warehouse magazzino maintenance manutenzione
Ascolta due amici che parlano dei loro lavori futuri. Sottolinea in rosso il lavoro che vuole fare Maisie e in verde quello che vuole fare Johnny. teacher • mechanic • taxi driver • journalist
Key p. 265 Audioscript p. 265
1 What do we generally consider standard working hours?
2 What time is a night shift usually?
3 Name two sectors where people often work night shifts.
4 What is one difficulty associated with night shifts?
5 What can’t Tim do when he works night shifts?
6 What is one benefit associated with night shifts?
5 Ascolta di nuovo e indica se le frasi sono vere (T) o false (F).
Maisie thinks a vet is an interesting job. F
1 When she was younger, Maisie wanted to drive racing cars.
2 She is going to work in a garage during the winter.
3 Johnny would like to travel in the future.
4 His mother teaches a foreign language.
5 Maisie and Johnny agree that being a teacher is not the best job for Johnny.
air traffic controller
lorry driver receptionist
VOCABULARY
1 Completa i nomi dei mestieri.
1 t r
2 l er
3 e i e r 4 c
2 Completa le definizioni con le parole nel riquadro. Ci sono due parole in più.
astronaut • hairdresser • office worker • journalist video game designer • volunteer • waiter
1 A(n) designs virtual worlds.
2 A(n) helps an organisation without getting money for the work they do.
3 A(n) works in space.
4 A(n) fills out paperwork and documents.
5 A(n) serves people in cafés and restaurants.
6 A(n) fixes problems you have in your bathroom or kitchen.
3 Completa le frasi con le parole mancanti. La prima lettera di ogni parola è data.
1 I’m planning to a an online course in computer coding next month.
2 Last summer, I decided to do an e sport and went bungee jumping.
3 I studied hard to get a language c in French.
4 She wants to j a charity organisation to help those in need.
5 My goal this year is to train and run a m .
6 We plan to v Paris during the summer.
4 Completa le frasi con be going to.
5 Usa i suggerimenti per scrivere domande.
Key p. 266
1 see / Mike / class / ?
2 Who / bring food and drinks / ?
3 What / do after the match / ?
4 Moira / attend the training course / ?
5 we / play badminton on Wednesday / ?
6 Frank / come today / ?
6 Sottolinea l’alternativa corretta. Sottolinea tutte e due le alternative se sono entrambe corrette.
1 Tanya is the girl who / that comes from Moldova.
2 The children which / that you saw in the living room are my cousins.
3 Is he the boy who / which invited us yesterday?
4 What’s the name of the guy who / which was sitting next to Rohna?
5 This is the house that / who I rented last year.
6 This is the film that / which the teacher recommended.
7 Completa le frasi con la forma corretta degli aggettivi.
1 I’m so excit about the marathon.
2 The exchange programme wasn’t very interest .
3 She was surpris when she saw us.
4 It’s amaz how great you can feel after meditating.
5 I really don’t like watching extreme sports on TV. It’s bor .
6 He was annoy when he heard that we didn’t want to join the organisation.
COMMUNICATION
Completa le frasi con le espressioni nel riquadro.
Can you • Are you interested in Have you got any experience • How many hours a day I’m really into • What are your plans
1 Dad (not cook) lunch today. I am.
2 Mum (fly) to Dubai tomorrow.
3 We (study) for the exam.
is not going to cook is/’s going to fly are/’re going to study
is/’s going to start
4 Monica (start) her yoga classes next week.
Have you got any experience What are your plans
How many hours a day
of volunteering?
for next week?
is the job?
doing a surfing course?
5 They (not be) happy when they hear the news.
Are you interested in I’m really into
music. I like playing it.
Can you
work during the week?
6 What (happen) now?
are/’re not going to be is going to happen
Writing about your future job
1 Leggi questi post e completali con le parole nel riquadro. Poi ascolta e controlla.
experience • I’m really into • I would like to • My plans are to • that • who
Rina
Hi, I'm Alex, and I love biology. (1) learning about how living things work, especially genetics. (2) be a biomedical researcher and help find new treatments for diseases. I’m going to continue studying biology at school and then Biomedical Engineering at university. If I do this, I believe I can get a job I enjoy and (3) helps people, too.
I’m really into I would like to that
2 Preparati a scrivere un breve post sui tuoi interessi e su come questi possano aiutarti in futuro a trovare un buon lavoro. Usa i post dell’es. 1 come modello e includi il maggior numero possibile di parole ed espressioni dell’unità. Ricordati di dire:
1 what subject/activity you enjoy studying/doing
2 how it can help you find a good job in the future
3 what university degree/qualifications you need to do it
3 PAIRWORK Scrivete il vostro post. Poi scambiatevelo con il/la vostro/a compagno/a.
4 PAIRWORK Rispondete alle domande del box di autovalutazione. Poi confrontatevi tra voi. Siete d’accordo? Ripetete l’attività se necessario.
Hi, I’m Rina. I really like computer coding. I’m learning it on my own, doing online courses and tutorials. Coding is so cool because you can create anything from websites to applications. (4) get a certificate for different programming languages and start working as a professional programmer. This way, I can get a good job in tech without going to university. Companies are always looking for good programmers (5) have real-world experience. (6) is much more important than just a university degree.
My plans are to who
Experience
SELF-FEEDBACK
Nel mio post:
ho usato in modo corretto le forme di be going to per parlare di programmi e intenzioni per il futuro
ricordavo il lessico per parlare di programmi e aspettative per il futuro
ricordavo le strutture appropriate per parlare di programmi e aspettative personaggio
PEER FEEDBACK
Il post del/della mio/a compagno/a: è breve e facile da capire include tutti i punti indicati nell’es. 2 presenta un linguaggio appropriato e corretto
Alex
THE USA • American Firsts
1 ONLINE RESEARCH Complete the table with the information you already know about the USA, then do some research online to find out the missing information.
capital flag number of states language population government
Washington, D.C.
50
345, 4 million Stars and Stripes
American English Federal government
2 Who is the current president of the USA?
Have you heard of the following presidents and vice president? Complete the texts with the names from the box.
Franklin D. Roosevelt • Barack Obama • George Washington • Kamala Harris • Abraham Lincoln
1 The president of the USA is elected every four years. The first president was in 1879. His portrait is on the $1 banknote.
George Washington
Abraham Lincoln
2 was the first president who was assassinated. He was shot in the head while he was watching a play in a theatre in Washington. D.C.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
3 Today the president can serve a maximum of two terms, but won four presidential elections. However, he died before he completed his fourth term in office, in 1945.
Barack Obama
4 , the 44th president, was the first black president of the USA. He was in office for two terms, from 2009 to 2017.
3
Read and listen to the texts. Where did the Native Americans arrive from? And where did the first colonisers arrive from?
Siberia; Europe
Native Americans
The Native Americans are the people who rst occupied North America before the arrival of the Europeans in the 15th century. They probably arrived, in a series of migrations at least 12,000 years ago, by crossing the bridge of land that once linked Siberia to Alaska. They then gradually moved south and east, settling in di erent areas of North America, such as along the Paci c coast, in the mountains and deserts of the southwest and along the Mississippi River.
Each of these areas had a di erent climate and landscape so the people adapted to their environment and lived by gathering food, hunting or shing. The tribes wore di erent clothes, spoke di erent languages and developed their own distinct traditions and customs. However, after the arrival of the Europeans, all these Native American tribes became linked by a common and tragic history: millions of them died from epidemics, war and violence and they were forced to leave their ancestral lands.
The largest tribes today are Cherokee, Sioux, Navajo and Apache and there are about 3 million Native Americans in North America. Some of them live on reservations. These are areas of lands given to the tribes by the federal government where they live according to their own laws.
Kamala Harris
5 , the first female vice president and also the first person of colour to hold this position. She was elected together with Joe Biden in 2020.
The First Colonisers
After Columbus arrived in America in 1492, the next century was dominated by explorers and settlers. Following their conquest of Mexico, the Spanish moved into the south (New Mexico, California and Texas) and Florida. The French colonised Louisiana in the south, and the English founded settlements along the Atlantic coast. Their rst successful colony was Jamestown in Virginia in 1607. The Pilgrim Fathers arrived from England on the ship The May ower in 1620 and established a colony in Plymouth, Massachusetts. A year later, these settlers had what is now known as the rst Thanksgiving Day when they celebrated a harvest festival. The Dutch also established colonies on the east coast in areas which are now in the states of New York and New Jersey. New Amsterdam – a part of modern-day Manhattan – became an important trade centre for the Dutch.
All these colonisers brought their native language, traditions and foods, but they also brought diseases which killed thousands of Native Americans. In some cases, there was collaboration between the new settlers and the indigenous people, but there was violence and ghting over the land and its resources too.
settling stabilendosi gathering raccogliendo hunting cacciando founded fondarono settlements insediamenti harvest raccolto
4 INVALSI Read the texts again and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F) or if the information is not given (NG).
1 They settled in different parts of the country.
2 Tribes in the south west had a better quality of life.
3 Today not all Native Americans live on reservations.
4 The French and Spanish both colonised areas in the south of America.
5 The first Thanksgiving Day was in 1620.
6 The English colonies were more successful than the Dutch colonies.
7 The relationship between the colonisers and Native Americans was always peaceful.
CULTURE VIDEO
1 Watch the video or listen about California and answer the questions.
1 What is California’s nickname?
2 What was the Gold Rush?
3 What was the population of San Francisco in 1848? And in 1855?
4 How many hills are there in San Francisco?
5 What things are popular with tourists in San Francisco?
Native Americans migrated to North America in the 15th century. F
2 YOUR TURN Do some research about an Italian Prime Minister or President of the Republic. What is/was he or she famous for? Was he/she the first for anything?
3 ORAL PRESENTATION Present a short biography on this person to the rest of the class.
2 Protect the planet
Chloe's vlog
The Cleanup Kids Project
Hey everyone. This is Chloe’s vlog! Today, I want to tell you about The Cleanup Kids project. A boy from Tennessee named Cash started it. When he was seven, he found out that the Tennessee River was one of the most plastic-polluted rivers in the world. So, he decided to go out there with his family and clean up the river. Do you want to know how much rubbish they picked up that day? You won’t believe it. They filled about 30 buckets in just one hour! Isn’t that incredible?
After that, Cash and his family began picking up rubbish once a month. Soon, friends and other people from their community started to join in. This shows that if you want to do something good for the planet, people will help you. Cash’s clean-ups became really popular, and in 2019, he set up the The Cleanup Kids organisation with his best friend, Ella Grace. They teach kids all over the world about the environment and organise clean-ups to pick up rubbish from the streets, parks and rivers.
During the next five years, Cash and his volunteers picked up more than 13,000 pounds of rubbish from the Tennessee River and recycled 1.5 tons of aluminum. That’s super important because more than 5 million people get their drinking water from it. So, if you do a clean-up, you will help both the environment and the people around you!
Now, shouldn’t we do what Cash is doing? I will definitely give it a try. I mean, we must do something, otherwise our planet might die, right? Thanks for watching and catch you next time!
plastic-polluted inquinato a causa della plastica pick up rubbish raccogliere spazzatura pounds libbre (e.g. 1 pound = 453 g / 0,453 kg – 14,000 pounds = 6.350 kg)
VIDEO WORK 2
1 Look at the photos. What do you think the video is about?
2 Watch the video or listen. What is The Cleanup Kids project?
Key p. 266
3 Now read and listen again. Write T (true), F (false) or NG (not given). Cash did his first clean-up when he was seven. T
1 Cash and his family picked up 30 pieces of plastic on the first day.
2 Cash and Ella participate in all clean-ups they organise.
3 Some of the members of The Cleanup Kids live outside of the US.
4 Many people got sick from drinking water from the Tennessee River.
BE REAL
Find the English equivalent for these expressions in the text.
1 partecipare
2 fondare
3 provarci
4 ci vediamo
join in
4 Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box. Then look at the text to check your answers.
might die • want • will give • will help • won’t believe
1 You it. They filled about 30 buckets in just one hour!
2 If you to do something good for the planet, people you.
3 Now, shouldn’t we do what Cash is doing? I it a try.
4 We must do something, otherwise our planet
set up give it a try catch you want won’t believe will help will give might die
BE RESPONSIBLE
SEL Leggi la domanda e discutine in coppia.
Vera è preoccupata per l’ambiente ed esorta ognuno di noi a fare la propria parte per aiutare il pianeta. Sei d’accordo con lei? Cosa fai tu per aiutare l’ambiente?
The environment and climate change
1 Match the pictures to the words from the box. Then watch the video or listen and check your answers.
BE AMERICAN Listen to the words from ex. 1 in American English.
BE CURIOUS
Race to Zero is a global campaign organised by the United Nations that represents hundreds of cities, businesses and high education institutions around the world in aiming for zero carbon emissions by 2050.
2 Listen again and repeat the words.
3 Complete the definitions with the correct word. Deforestation is the destruction of forests for agricultural or other commercial reasons.
1 A(n) happens when there is very little or no rain in an area, and plants can’t grow.
2 contains dangerous chemicals and usually happens in places with high levels of pollution.
3 A(n) is a big area where people bury rubbish under the ground to keep it out of sight.
4 A(n) is when the weather is much hotter than usual.
4 PAIRWORK Ask and answer the questions with your partner.
1 Which of the environmental problems in ex. 1 happen in your country? Which is the biggest?
2 Which do you think is the most dangerous? Which is the scariest?
Asking for and giving clarification
5 Watch the video or listen and read. What are Chloe and Ben talking about?
Microplastics.
6 Now read and complete the dialogue with the expressions from the box. Then listen again and check.
Are you saying • In other words • Basically, What do you mean by • What I mean
Chloe Microplastics are everywhere.
Ben What do you mean by microplastics?
Basically,
Chloe (1) , they’re super tiny pieces of plastic, and they're really dangerous.
Ben (2) that you’re scared of tiny pieces of plastic? Come on!
Are you saying What I mean In other words
Chloe (3) is that they are practically invisible. (4) , fish, birds and other animals eat them every day – even you and me, in fact.
Ben Wait, what? We eat plastic? Ew, gross!
BE FLUENT
Are you saying that recycling is useless? What's that? What do you mean? What does that mean?
What I’m saying is that we should recycle more. In other words, it’s material that you can’t recycle. What I mean is that it’s dangerous. Basically, it’s when you create very little or no rubbish at all.
7 Complete the dialogues with the appropriate sentences. There is one extra sentence.
a It’s a type of fuel that comes from dead plants and animal material. • b What do you mean by that?
c What I mean is that now I’m only using my bike to move around. • d What’s that?
1 A Why don’t you take it to the tip?
B (1)
A Basically, it’s a place where you throw away big things, like old furniture.
2 A I’ve sold my car and motorbike.
B What do you mean?
A (2)
3 A What does biomass fuel mean?
B (3)
8 PAIRWORK Follow the instructions and talk about plastic pollution. Then swap roles.
Student A
Di' che sei preoccupato/a per l’inquinamento causato dalla plastica.
Student B
Chiedi cosa intende. Spiega che è un tipo di inquinamento che viene dai ri uti di plastica. È un grande problema, specialmente le microplastiche. Chiedi cosa è interessato/a a fare.
Di’ che le microplastiche sono piccoli pezzi di plastica che vengono da ri uti in plastica e che le persone e gli animali le respirano e le mangiano.
Chiedi che cosa sono le ‘microplastiche’.
Esprimi preoccupazione.
Natural disasters
BE AMERICAN
Listen to the words from ex. 9 in American English.
BE CURIOUS
Katrina, Dorian, Sandy, Michael… Every hurricane has got a name. Experts say that names reduce confusion when two or more hurricanes arrive at the same time.
Names are decided in alphabetical order by the World Meteorological Organization.
9 Match the pictures to the words from the box. Then watch the video or listen and check your answers. avalanche • blizzard • earthquake • flood • landslide • hurricane • tsunami volcanic eruption • wildfire
10 Listen again and repeat the words.
11 Choose the correct alternative.
Rocks and mud from the wildfire / landslide covered the road.
1 After the wildfire / flood, it took weeks before the streets were dry again.
2 The sky was full of smoke from the volcanic eruption / blizzard.
3 The hurricane / avalanche hit the islands in the north of the country.
4 Oh my goodness! Everything’s moving! Is it a wildfire / an earthquake?
5 The flood / avalanche destroyed some of the old houses on the side of the mountain.
12 PAIRWORK Student A, give a definition of a natural disaster from ex. 11. Use a dictionary if necessary. Student B, guess the natural disaster. Then swap roles.
volcanic eruption hurricane blizzard earthquake
VOCABULARY
Describing natural events
13 Watch the video or listen. What is Chloe describing?
14
Now read and complete the dialogue with the expressions from the box. Then listen again and check.
How did you • rain heavily • this loud noise to blow so hard • really intense • What was it
Ben How was the movie? I heard there’s a hurricane scene at the beginning. What was it like?
A hurricane scene at the beginning of a film she saw. really intense
Chloe It was (1) . Suddenly it started to (2) .
The wind began (3) . Then there was (4)
rain heavily to blow so hard this loud noise
Ben Wow. It sounds frightening. (5) feel?
How did you
Chloe Well, I felt just like the characters did – terrified.
Ben Oh my! I’m glad it was just a movie.
What happened? It started to snow heavily. / The sky turned dark. / The earth started to shake. / There was a sudden/loud noise. What did you see? We saw lots of snow coming down the mountain. / We saw lightning ashing across the sky. What was it like? It was intense. How did you feel? I was/felt scared/frightened.
15 Complete the mini dialogues with the questions from the Be Fluent box.
1 A
What did you see?
B We saw the sky turning dark.
2 A
What happened?
B Suddenly, it started to rain heavily.
3 A
How did you feel?
B We were very scared.
What was it like?
4 A B It was frightening.
16 Imagine a situation where you experienced one of the natural disasters from ex. 9 (it can also be a scene from a film you remember). Prepare to describe it to a friend, using the language from the Be Fluent box. Think about:
• the place where it happened
• what time of day it happened
• who you were with
17 PAIRWORK Student A, describe the natural disaster you chose to your partner. Student B, listen to your partner and take notes of the language from the Be Fluent box they use.
will VIDEO MAP
I will give it a try. You won’t believe it.
Forma a ermativa
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They will go.
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They’ll go.
Will you help the environment?
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They will not go.
Forma interrogativa Risposte brevi
Will I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they go?
LEARN IT!
• Will è uguale per tutte le persone.
• Per la forma negativa, solitamente si usa la forma contratta won’t.
1 Reorder the words to make sentences. you / I’ll / help / test / with / English / the I’ll help you with the English test.
1 the British Museum / visit / we’ll / Sunday / next
We’ll visit the British Museum next Sunday.
2 be / weather / will / tomorrow / sunny / the
The weather will be sunny tomorrow.
3 I’ll / tickets / buy / everybody / for
I’ll buy tickets for everybody.
4 be / it / weekend / an /will / exciting
It will be an exciting weekend.
5 take / Lincoln Square / bus / to / we’ll / the
We’ll take the bus to Lincoln Square.
6 Indian food / the / they’ll / festival / at / eat
They’ll eat Indian food at the festival.
2 Listen and check.
3 Turn the sentences in ex. 1 into the negative form.
I won’t help you with the English test.
We won’t visit the British Museum next Sunday.
The weather won’t be sunny tomorrow.
I won’t buy tickets for everybody. It won’t be an exciting weekend.
We won’t take the bus to Lincoln Square. They won’t eat Indian food at the festival.
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They won’t go.
Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they will. No, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they won’t.
4 Complete the conversation with will or won’t.
Irene Oh Connor, I’m so worried! I won’t remember anything at all!
Connor Don’t say that! (1) your parents be here tomorrow for the school play?
Irene My dad (2) be here, but my mum’s working, unfortunately.
Connor Oh no, she (3) see you perform!
Irene That’s okay, my dad (4) film it for her. What about your parents?
Connor No, they (5) , but my grandparents are coming.
Irene I hope they (6) all enjoy the play!
5 Write questions and short answers using the prompts.
be sunny tomorrow? (it, ✔) 'Will it be sunny tomorrow?’ ‘Yes, it will.’
1 have a picnic? (we, ✗)
‘Will we have a picnic?’ ‘No, we won’t.’
2 take photos at the event? (you, ✗)
‘Will you take photos at the event?’ ‘No, I won’t.’
3 eat traditional English food? (they, ✔)
‘Will they eat traditional English food?’ ‘Yes, they will.’
4 join us? (the girls, ✔)
‘Will the girls join us?’ ‘Yes, they will.’
5 watch the match? (everybody, ✗)
‘Will everybody watch the match?’ ‘No, they won’t.'
6 perform a traditional dance? (the actors, ✔)
‘Will the actors perform a traditional dance?’ ‘Yes, they will.’ Will will will will won’t won’t
Forma negativa Estesa Contratta Estesa Contratta
6
Complete the text with the correct form of will of the verbs in brackets.
In the future, the environment will be (be) very different if we don’t take action now. Scientists say that the climate (1) (not / change) quickly if we reduce pollution today. But if we continue to pollute the air, the weather (2) (become) more extreme. Many people are worried about natural disasters. (3) (we / see) more hurricanes in the future? Experts believe that, without changes, the number of hurricanes (4) (increase). They also predict that some animals (5) (not / survive) in these conditions. However, if we act now, things (6) (improve). (7) (people / start) using more renewable energy? Hopefully, yes. If we use less plastic and plant more trees, we (8) (help) the planet.
will or be going to?
LEARN IT!
• Si usa be going to per esprimere intenzioni per il futuro, parlare di progetti e per dire che qualcosa sta per accadere.
Great news! Aunt Mary’s going to have a baby!
• Si usa will per parlare di previsioni future, per fare promesse e per decisioni prese nel momento in cui si parla.
I’ll stop using plastic.
Rules p. 55
7 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of will or be going to.
I’m sure J.K. Rowling will write another book.
1 Don’t call me tonight. I play tennis.
2 We’re visiting Bath tomorrow. I think it be very cool.
3 In the future people probably only drive electric cars.
4 I think London become the greenest city in Europe!
5 Look at the sun! It be a very hot day.
6 I have to get up early tomorrow morning, so I go to bed at 9 p.m.
7 I promise I help you with your maths homework.
will, may, might
We will certainly have more oods in the future. Some marine species may / might disappear.
Forma a ermativa
won’t change will become Will we see will increase won’t survive will improve Will people start will help will will will ‘m going to ‘s going to won’t ‘ll may / might may / might may / might may not / might not ‘m going to ’ll
I / you / he / she / it we / you / they will go. may / might go.
Forma negativa
I / you / he / she / it we / you / they won’t go. may / might not go.
LEARN IT!
• Per esprimere certezza riguardo al futuro usiamo will Possiamo aggiungere certainly dopo will.
• Per esprimere probabilità possiamo usare may o might
Rules p. 55
8 Complete the sentences with will, won’t, may / might or may not / might not.
Don’t forget your water bottle. You may / might be thirsty after the excursion.
1 I’ve got flu. I come to school tomorrow.
2 A film? I’m not sure. I have a lot of homework.
3 It certainly be a great birthday party! All my friends are coming!
4 It’s very cold. They say it snow, but maybe only on the hills.
5 Pam study Spanish at Secondary School, she’s not sure yet.
6 We have so many glaciers in the future, if you think about it.
9 Listen and check.
Rules p. 55
GRAMMAR 2
First conditional VIDEO MAP
If we don’t take action, plastic will destroy our ecosystems. The coral reef will disappear if we don’t stop global warming.
if clause (ipotesi) main clause (conseguenza)
If temperatures rise, the ice caps will melt
If you go to London, when will you visit the Science Museum?
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I’ll walk to school.
LEARN IT!
Si usa il First conditional per parlare delle conseguenze di un evento probabile. L’ordine delle due frasi non è sso, può essere invertito.
Rules p. 55
GRAMMAR ROUND-UP
12 Complete the text with the words from the box. don’t • buy • will • when • if • walk • will
10 Choose the correct alternative.
We can have a picnic if it doesn’t / won’t rain.
1 We will reduce our carbon footprint if we use / will use a bike instead of a car.
2 We will lose all our forests if deforestation increases / will increase
3 If we won’t / don’t stop global warming, summer droughts and winter floods will become normal.
4 Your health will certainly improve if you walk / will walk twenty minutes a day.
5 If you will sit / sit in the sun for too long, you will get sunburnt.
6 Will children be happier if they play / will play in the garden instead of watching TV?
11 Complete the sentences with the First conditional.
If you use (use) public transport, you‘ll save (save) money and the planet.
You will reduce your carbon footprint if you (1) instead of driving to school or work. At home (2) you have a shower and not a bath, you’ll use less water. And switching off computers and lights after use (3) also help you save energy. (4) eat too much meat if you want to lower CO2 emissions. (5) locally produced fruit and vegetables. Another good habit is to recycle or donate things to charity (6) you don’t need them any more. Go on! Help the planet, be green!
1 If it (rain) tomorrow, we (take) the bus.
2 If you (ask) kindly, I’m sure Gemma (be) glad to help you.
3 If Tim (spend) all his money on clothes, he (not have) any left for his holidays.
4 If you (catch) the bus now, you (not be) late for school.
rains ask will be spends won’t have catch won’t be ’ll take
13 K Read about Daniel’s ideas for the future. Complete the text with the correct option (A, B or C).
Everything will be different, not only at home but also at school. If computers (1) even more popular, teachers will disappear. If teachers disappear, students (2) at home and there (3) be any books, only screens. We (4) not like it, but it’s the future! Some animal species (5) disappear, like some birds. But if we (6) to throw plastic in the oceans, all fish will disappear and the only food available will be potatoes. If you like potatoes, it (7) be too bad for you.
walk will Don’t Buy when become will study won’t won’t may/might may/might continue if
A is B are C will
1 A becomes B become C will become
2 A will study B study C studies
3 A won’t B might C may
4 A won’t B may/might C do
5 A may/might B won’t C are
6 A continue B will continue C continues
7 A may/might B will C won’t
Rules p. 55
A speech on ways to live greener
LISTENING
1 Which of these actions do you and the people in your family do? Tick (✔).
Students’ own answers
1 buy new clothes every month
2 drive to work every day
3 have baths instead of showers
4 drink coffee in paper or plastic cups
5 use air conditioning at home/work
6 print emails and documents
7 buy water in plastic bottles
8 throw away food leftovers
2 Listen to a presentation on ways to live greener. Which of the things in ex. 1 does the speaker talk about?
Audioscript p. 266
2, 4, 6
3 Complete the sentences with the expressions from the box. Then listen again and check.
Firstly • Finally • In this presentation • The second thing • In conclusion
In this presentation, I want to talk about three things they could do.
1 , they could use public transport.
Firstly
2 is paper.
The second thing
3 , think about coffee cups.
4 , small things can make big things happen.
Finally In conclusion
4 Match the two parts of the sentences.
c If teenagers already do it,
1 If more people use buses and trains to go to work,
2 They can also go by bike
3 If offices and schools become ‘paperless,’
4 It saves money because many coffee shops offer a discount
5 If we take action together in these simple ways,
e f b d a
SPEAKING
a we’ll have a better and cleaner world for future generations.
b we can save trees, water and energy.
c then adults need to do their part too.
d if you have your own mug.
e there will be less traffic and pollution in our towns and cities.
f if they live close to their workplace.
5 Prepare a speech on ways to live greener. Choose three pieces of advice and say what are the positive or negative consequences if people follow them. Use the useful phrases from ex. 3 and 4 and the language from the unit.
6 YOUR TURN Give your speech to the class. Speak for about two minutes.
LEAVE ONLY FOOTPRINTS
THINKING ROUTINE
Look at the photos. Answer the questions. THINK
1 Where are the people?
2 What rubbish do they produce when they visit such places?
3 Where do they leave their rubbish?
PAIR Share your ideas with a partner.
SHARE Do you have similar ideas?
Take only memories, leave only footprints. I just love this expression. It means that when you visit a place, the best thing to do is leave everything as you found it, without leaving any rubbish behind. Unfortunately, though, this doesn’t always happen, and Mount Everest is one of the many wonderful places that are su ering the consequences.
If you think about the Himalayas, you imagine snow and beautiful, clean nature. The reality is very di erent. If you go during the climbing season, you will see hundreds of people and there can be a queue to get to the highest point. All these climbers have tents, food containers, oxygen bottles and many of them just leave this rubbish on the mountain or at the camps. In addition, with global warming the ice and snow are melting. This means the rubbish from years ago is now visible and it will start to pollute the local water supply.
Today there are many people who are working to make sure that what goes up the mountain comes back down again. Sherpas – the local guides – have a deep respect for Everest and try to protect the environment and keep it clean. In 2014 the Nepali government introduced a deposit system. If climbers don’t bring down at least 8 kilos of rubbish with them (the same amount that each climber produces on average), they lose their deposit of $4,000.
Marion Chaygneaud-Dupuy is a French climber. The rst time she climbed Everest she was shocked by the quantity of rubbish. So, she decided to create the project Clean Everest. With a team of 50 people and yaks, she managed to clean 8.5 tonnes of rubbish.
Today, the Nepali government also sends its army on clean-up expeditions to Mount Everest. In 2023 alone, they collected 35 tonnes of waste! Several non-governmental organisations and private companies are also doing their best to organise clean-up campaigns and educate climbers and local communities on how to reduce solid waste on an expedition.
queue fila melting sciogliendo deposit cauzione on average in media
LET'S START
1 PAIRWORK Read the title of the article. What do you think it means? Discuss it with your partner. Then read the first paragraph and check your answer.
Students' own answers
READING
2 Quickly read the rest of the article. What problem does the writer talk about? What are the consequences of this problem?
Rubbish. Ice is melting and old rubbish is coming up.
3 Read and listen to the article again. Answer the questions.
Key p. 267
What does the writer say about the climbing season on Mount Everest?
It’s always full of people and looks quite di erent from the beautiful, clean nature one would expect.
1 What kind of rubbish do climbers leave on Mount Everest?
WRITING A summary
4 Read the text quickly. Choose the best title.
a The hottest year in Australia
b Teens against future disasters
c Australians must attend climate change preparation courses
5 PAIRWORK Tick (✔) the most important points from the first paragraph in the article. Then compare with a partner. Explain your choice.
Natural disasters hit Australia hard in 2024.
Natural disasters are terrible events.
Teens from different towns in Australia are preparing for future disasters.
6 PAIRWORK Now underline the most important points in the second and third paragraphs. Then compare with a partner. Explain your choice.
7 Write your summary using the key points in ex. 5 and 6.
WRITING TIPS
When you write a summary, paraphrase the key points to make them shorter – for example, ‘wild res, oods and tropical storms’ becomes ‘natural disasters’ and ‘Researcher Katitza Marinkovic Chavez from Melbourne University says that …’ becomes ‘Research says that …’.
2 How is global warming making the situation worse?
3 What is the Nepali government’s deposit system?
4 What is the purpose of this system?
5 What’s the Clean Everest project?
6 What other campaigns do the Nepali government and other organisations do?
In 2024, wildfires, floods, and tropical storms hit Australia hard, especially rural areas. Many Australians are going through these terrible events that destroy land and lives. However, teens from different towns are preparing for future disasters to protect their families and communities.
Spedding Pearce lived through a wildfire in 2020. It destroyed vast lands and homes near his family’s farm in Adelong, a small town in South-East Australia, very close to the capital city, Canberra. He was only 14 when it happened, but the experience taught him the importance of preparation. He and his family now are ready for natural disasters – they know what they need to do and have the right equipment to stay safe.
Researcher Katitza Marinkovic Chavez from Melbourne University says that young people are usually better than adults to prepare for natural disasters and do the right thing for the environment. She thinks this happens because they have experience of natural disasters early on in life. Spedding, now 18, plans to help others to prepare for extreme weather, thinking about how to resolve problems instead of being sad or angry for what he has lost.
The Cleanup Kids Project
1 Completa il riassunto del vlog di Chloe a pagina 39 con le parole nel riquadro. Poi guarda o ascolta di nuovo e controlla le tue risposte.
14,000 pounds • clean-ups • drinking water organisation • pick up • plastic-polluted • project
Chloe talks about a boy named Cash. He’s from Tennessee, US. He started The Cleanup Kids project after learning that the Tennessee River was one of the most (1) rivers in the world. He began to (2) rubbish with his family, and soon other people started to help them. The project became very popular, and now Cash and his friend Ella Grace organise (3) all over the world, teaching kids about the environment and how to protect it. The (4) picked up over (5) of rubbish from the Tennessee River, helping protect the environment and local (6) . At the end of her vlog, Chloe says that she also wants to take action and help the environment, and she tells us to do the same.
clean-ups
organisation 14,000 pounds
drinking water
MY GLOSSARY
1 Ascolta e ripeti. Poi scrivi la traduzione. The environment and climate change
acid rain
air pollution
deforestation
drought heatwave
landfill
land pollution
melting glaciers
water pollution
Natural disasters
avalanche blizzard
earthquake
flood
hurricane
landslide
tsunami
pioggia acida inquinamento dell’aria deforestazione siccità ondata di caldo discarica
inquinamento del suolo scioglimento dei ghiacciai inquinamento dell’acqua
valanga bufera di neve, tormenta terremoto alluvione uragano frana tsunami eruzione vulcanica incendio boschivo/incontrollato pick up
volcanic eruption wildfire
Environmental problems: Causes
industrial gases overfishing overpopulation
toxic waste
traffic fumes
urban development
2 BE REAL Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
1 Everyone decided to join in / give it a try the game after lunch.
2 I have to go now, so I’ll set up / catch you later, OK?
3 Playing rugby seems like a difficult sport but I want to catch you / give it a try
4 They want to set up / join in a community garden to grow vegetables.
gas industriali pesca eccessiva sovrappopolazione rifiuti tossici
gas di scarico sviluppo urbano
Environmental problems: Solutions bike sharing plant more trees protect endangered animals
recycle and reuse
reduce plastic
save water
use public transport
use renewable energy
bike sharing piantare più alberi proteggere gli animali in via di estinzione ricilare e riutilizzare
ridurre la plastica risparmiare acqua
usare mezzi di trasporto pubblico usare energia rinnovabile
2 Completa la mappa con le parole nel riquadro.
3 Completa la mappa con le parole nel riquadro.
The environment and climate change
1 Completa le espressioni con le parole nel riquadro. rain • land • glaciers • pollution • plastic • air plastic pollution 1 pollution 2 melting 3 water 4 pollution 5 acid
2 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
There was rubbish everywhere. It looked like a drought / landfill.
1 It didn’t rain for months and so there was a deforestation / drought
2 The COP conferences are global cooperation against melting glaciers / climate change
3 Every year we lose billions of trees to deforestation / landfill.
4 The water that comes from acid rain / heatwave contains poisonous chemicals.
5 Global warming is also causing the drought / melting of glaciers.
6 Air / Water pollution is the contamination of oceans, seas, lakes and rivers.
3 Trova l’intruso e spiega perché. air • climate • plastic • water
All the other words collocate with ‘pollution’.
1 air pollution - water pollution - acid rainmelting of glaciers
Asking for and giving clarification
4 Quale opzione NON è possibile?
If we recycle more today, there will be less rubbish tomorrow. In other words, / This means that there will be less landfills in the future.
A What I mean
B In other words,
C This means that
1 Eating well is important for your body. good food gives you energy.
A What I mean
B What I’m saying is that
C Basically,
2 I don’t feel like going to basketball training any more. I don’t know if I want to start a different sport.
A Basically,
B What I mean is that
C What I’m saying
3 Think about the process of photosynthesis in plants. how solar panels generate energy from sunlight.
A What I mean is that it’s similar to
B In other words, it’s
C Basically, it’s
5 Riordina le frasi per formare un dialogo.
1 Fae Did you know that recycling plastic is more important than recycling glass?
All the other words are related to water. It means what I’m saying What does that mean? Are you saying that
2 plastic pollution - landfill - droughtland pollution
All the other words are about rubbish/throwing away rubbish.
3 landfill - acid rain - water pollutionclimate change
All the other words are noun + noun collocations/ have two words.
Fae (1) that glass is made out of a natural substance. But plastic is not, and is much more dangerous.
Fae No, (2) is that glass is much less polluting than plastic.
Jamie Less polluting? (3)
Jamie Wait. (4) recycling glass is not important?
Jamie Ah, OK. I understand it now.
6 Completa il dialogo con le espressioni nel riquadro. C’è un’espressione in più.
It means • What I mean • What does that mean Are you saying that • What I’m saying
lanche
Describing natural events
Ascolta le frasi e abbinale all’immagine corretta.
p. 267
8 Completa le frasi con le parole dell'es. 7. The tsunami created waves that were as tall as skyscrapers.
1 The was strong and the snow that fell covered the entire valley.
2 Lots of rocks and mud fell down on the road because of the
3 The whole town was covered in water after the
4 The helicopters transported tonnes of water to put out the
5 The floor started shaking and that’s when the started.
6 There was a huge black cloud in the sky after the started.
9 Quali disastri naturali puoi abbinare a questi elementi? Puoi abbinare un disastro naturale a più di un elemento. snow avalanche, blizzard
12 Completa le frasi che hai sentito nell’es. 11 con le parole mancanti. Poi ascolta di nuovo e controlla.
We saw lightning flashing across the sky.
volcanic eruption started to shake very scared turned dark snow heavily coming down the mountain
flood, landslide, hurricane, tropical storm
blizzard, hurricane, tropical storm, wildfire volcanic eruption, wildfire earthquake, landslide, tsunami, volcanic eruption
10 Sottolinea la sillaba accentata. Poi ascolta e controlla.
avalanche • blizzard • earthquake • hurricane landslide • tsunami • volcanic eruption • wildfire
saw lots of
13 Completa il dialogo con le espressioni nel riquadro.
I felt calm • it was intense • the sky turned dark we saw lightning flashing across the sky What did you see? • what was it like?
Hanna Hey, Jake! I heard you were outside during the storm yesterday. What did you see?
Jake Oh, it was crazy! (1) really fast, and (2)
The sky turned dark
I felt calm we saw lightning flashing nami
Hanna Wow! (3)
What was it like?
It was intense
Jake (4) . The rain was heavy. But I wasn’t afraid – (5)
Hanna I’m happy you’re OK.
La forma a ermativa del futuro con will si ottiene con:
soggetto + will + forma base del verbo
I'll be in time.
Il futuro con will si usa per:
• fare previsioni sul futuro (spesso preceduto da I think…, I hope…)
I think we’ll go to a di erent school next year
• parlare di fatti certi che non dipendono dalle nostre intenzioni
They will be fourteen in May.
• prendere decisioni nel momento in cui si parla
I’ll pick up the rubbish.
• fare promesse (spesso preceduto da I promise…) I promise, I’ll help you.
1 Scrivi PRE (prediction) se le frasi esprimono una previsione o PRO (promise) se esprimono una promessa.
People will travel to space for their holidays. PRE
1 People will fight for water.
2 I’ll buy you a bicycle for your birthday.
3 Don’t worry Mum. I’ll call you.
4 I’ll give you the money back on Monday.
5 The TV says it will be warm and sunny tomorrow.
6 I’ll phone you tomorrow.
7 I think they will invite too many people to the party.
8 I'll visit my grandparents this weekend, I promise!
2 Scegli l’alternativa corretta. We will has / will have rain tomorrow.
1 The concert is at 8 p.m. but they will probably open / probably open the gates two hours earlier.
2 There will be / were lots of children at the pantomime next Christmas.
3 I'll help / Will I help you with your homework.
4 When will the museum open / open the museum?
5 I promise I will study / to study for my test.
La forma negativa del futuro con will si ottiene con: soggetto + won’t + forma base del verbo.
I won’t be late.
La forma interrogativa si ottiene con: Will + soggetto + forma base del verbo. Will it rain tomorrow?
Nelle risposte brevi si usano solo will e won’t: Yes, + soggetto + will
Yes, it will
No, + soggetto + won’t.
No, it won't.
3 Riscrivi le frasi alla forma negativa.
The weather will be good on Sunday.
The weather won’t be good on Sunday.
1 You’ll be late for school.
You won’t be late for school.
2 I’ll be able to see the show next Saturday.
I won’t be able to see the show next Saturday.
3 The students will spend all day visiting the Museum.
The students won’t spend all day visiting the Museum.
4 We will discuss our holiday plans at the weekend.
We won’t discuss our holiday plans at the weekend.
5 It will be possible to eat traditional Indian food.
It won’t be possible to eat traditional Indian food.
6 We’ll walk through London’s parks.
We won’t walk through London’s parks.
4 Completa le frasi con will o won’t.
It’s freezing outside! Do you think it will snow tonight?
1 I definitely go to Christian’s party. I didn’t get an invitation!
2 Hurry up! We be late for school!
3 I’m sure the hotel be lovely!
4 I'm sorry I can't come: I probably work this weekend.
5 Mum and Dad buy a new car this year –maybe next year.
won’t won’t won’t will will will
6 They open the new swimming pool on Saturday because it isn’t finished.
LEARN IT!
LEARN IT!
5 Riordina le parole e aggiungi will per formulare delle domande.
pass / final / exam / you / this year / your?
Will you pass your nal exam this year?
1 you / at the seaside / a holiday / have / this summer?
Will you have a holiday at the seaside this summer?
2 in September / to another school / go / you?
Will you go to another school in September?
3 dinner / tonight / with your family / you / have?
Will you have dinner with your family tonight?
4 afternoon / this / rain / it?
Will it rain this afternoon?
5 where / live / you / high school / after?
Where will you live after high school?
6 Rispondi alle domande dell’es. 5 in modo personale.
Students’ own answers
be going to or will?
7 Scegli l'alternativa corretta.
‘What are your plans for Sunday?‘ ‘I’ll / I‘m going to meet Paul.‘
1 Look at that car! It’ll / It’s going to crash!
2 I think I’ll / I’m going to sleep well tonight.
3 Too many black clouds. It’ll / It’s going to rain.
4 That film is so sad, I’ll / I’m going to probably cry.
5 Jo loves painting. She will / is going to start Art School in June.
will, may, might
LEARN IT!
May e might, come will, hanno la stessa forma per tutte le persone.
La forma a ermativa si ottiene con: soggetto + may / might + forma base del verbo.
La forma negativa si ottiene con: soggetto + may / might + not + forma base del verbo.
Si usano, come will, per fare previsioni sul futuro:
• will esprime certezza (spesso con certainly) Scienti c discoveries will certainly improve our lives.
• may e might esprimono possibilità The situation may / might change.
8
Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
Scientists say that climate change will / may be a bigger problem in the future.
1 I might / will go to David’s party. I’m not sure yet.
2 I’m sure your project may / will be a success!
3 Do you think it might / will rain this weekend?
4 Pollution will / might certainly rise in the future.
5 I may / will go to the cinema this weekend. It depends if I finish my homework.
6 You will / might get first prize… if you’re lucky!
9
Usa i suggerimenti per fare previsioni su cosa succederà o potrebbe succedere fra 10 anni.
more / less pollution in my town
I think there might be more pollution in my town.
1 we drive / electric cars
2 the population of my country / big
3 I / have a good job
4 more / natural disasters
First conditional
Il First conditional è formato da una proposizione principale (main clause) e una proposizione ipotetica (if clause):
if clause if + soggetto + Present simple main clause soggetto + will + forma base
La if clause può essere posta prima o dopo la main clause. If we recycle more, we'll help the planet. We'll help the planet if we recycle more.
Il First conditional si usa per parlare di eventi possibili e delle loro conseguenze.
If the global temperature rises, glaciers will melt.
BE CAREFUL
Diversamente dall’italiano, nella if clause non si usa mai il futuro.
If we destroy forests, pandas won’t survive. Se distruggeremo le foreste, i panda non sopravviveranno.
LEARN IT!
10
Abbina le due parti delle frasi. Poi riscrivi la frase per intero iniziando con if come nell’esempio.
Key p. 267
f you open the window,
1 you eat an apple a day,
2 you don’t do the recycling,
3 you study really well for your test,
4 you go to bed early at night,
5 you stay in the sun too long,
a you’ll be relaxed for the following day.
b you’ll cause more pollution.
c you’ll pass.
d you’ll keep the doctor away.
e you’ll get sunburnt.
f you’ll be cold.
If you open the window, you’ll be cold.
11 Completa il messaggio con la forma corretta dei verbi tra parentesi.
New message
School Environment Day
Hi Jack!
It’s snowing heavily and I’m so bored. If the weather doesn’t get (get) better, I’ll sit in front of the TV all day. If you (1) (not be) too busy and (2) (have got) transport, why don’t you come over?
e aren’t have got stops continues will won’t continues going to will make will start will use going to be
If it (3) (stop) snowing, we’ll build a snowman in the garden. But if it (4) (continue) like this, what can we do? I’ve got an idea! Bring your electric guitar if it (5) (be) in good condition, and we can practise the songs for our next performance. If you can stay for a few hours, I (6) (make) us some lunch and we can spend the afternoon together. Write soon
Tom
Send
It’s time to protect our environment. Remember:
• If global temperatures rise, glaciers (1) melt.
• If there are lots of forest fires, we (2) have any trees.
• If climate change (3) , it will destroy our planet.
So what are you (4) do?
Join us on Friday for the School Environment Day.
Mr Johnson (5) an opening speech at 10 a.m. and then activities (recycling games, making posters, building an insect hotel and lots more) (6) at 11 a.m. All activities will take place on the school field but if it rains, we (7) the sports hall.
Sign up at this link… (8) it’s a great day!
GRAMMAR ROUND-UP 12 Completa il testo con le parole nel riquadro. will start • going to be • won’t • continues rise • going to • will use • will make • will 13
Traduci le frasi.
Audioscript p. 267 Key p. 267
Se finisco i compiti presto, andrò al cinema. If I nish my homework early, I’ll go to the cinema.
1 Le cose potrebbero cambiare l’anno prossimo. 2 Penso che andrò a fare una passeggiata più tardi.
3 Bob e Sam compreranno una barca.
4 Frances farà il pompiere.
5 Non avrò tempo di aiutarti domenica.
6 Se pianteremo più alberi, ci sarà meno inquinamento dell'aria.
Ascolta il dettato e scrivi il testo.
READING
1 Conosci l'app Too Good To Go? Leggi e ascolta il post di Matt e scegli la definizione corretta di Magic Box.
a low quality food
b food that costs less than usual
c food that you can buy at any time
MAGIC BOXES
Matt here with some more eco-friendly ideas for you. Did you know a simple app can help you and your family save money, eat well and be good for the environment?
The app is Too Good To Go and it connects cafés, restaurants and bakeries to consumers, helping them all. It’s very simple but e ective. These places put any extra food at the end of the day into Magic Boxes and sell them at a reduced price. On the app, you can view all the Magic Boxes available near you, select one, pay on the app and then go to pick it up at the time indicated. My mum downloaded the app over 5 years ago and we use it once or twice a week. It can be strange at rst because you never know exactly what you are going to get in your box. It’s possible to get bread, fruit or vegetables but also sandwiches or cakes that can’t be
sold the next day. From a restaurant you can get meals like pasta and salads, and once we got eight portions of delicious sushi for only £10.
So that’s the saving money and eating well part, but what about the third point? How does this help the environment? Well, any unwanted food usually goes into the bin at the end of the day. This is a waste of the raw materials, energy and water necessary to grow, produce and transport the food. Secondly, this waste food decomposes and creates CO2, so you are also helping reduce the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Brilliant, yeah?
Have a look at the app and see what’s available near you. Trust me – you’re going to love it!
available disponibile raw materials materie prime decomposes decompone 2 INVALSI Leggi di nuovo il testo. Indica se le frasi sono vere (T), false (F) o se l’informazione non è presente (NG).
1 You pay for your Magic Box when you collect it.
2 Matt convinced his mum to download the app. 3 The contents of the boxes are usually a surprise.
Using the app means that we waste fewer resources.
5 The app is available all over the world.
BE READY for Test 2 2
VOCABULARY
1 Completa le parole.
1 d _ _ _ _ _ _
2 Completa le frasi con le parole mancanti.
1 Skiersquickly moved away when they saw the a coming down.
2 We didn’t leave the house because a heavy b covered everything in snow.
3 The e was quite strong – the floor and walls shook and all the glass broke.
4 The strong winds from the h blew trees down in many parts of the city.
5 We couldn’t visit the cave because the mud and rocks from the l blocked the entrance.
6 The waves from the t were very tall and reached many of the towns on the coast.
GRAMMAR
3 Completa le frasi con will o won’t.
1 I need to study this afternoon, so I play football with you guys.
2 Visiting the Natural History Museum be great. I love history and science.
3 Some people unfortunately think that recycling really help the environment.
4 You’re a good student. I’m sure you pass the exam with the highest score.
5 Look at those black clouds. I guess we go to the beach today.
6 I promise I let you use my computer.
4 Completa le frasi con la forma corretta dei verbi.
1 If it (rain) tomorrow, we (cancel) the picnic.
2 She (not pass) the test if she (not study) harder.
3 If you (leave) now, you (catch) the bus.
4 They (be) sad if they (not get) tickets to the concert.
5 If you (ask) him politely, he (help) you build your tree house.
5 Scegli l’alternativa corretta. Sottolinea tutte e due le alternative se sono entrambe corrette.
1 If you stop stealing my clothes, I promise I may / won’t call you little brother any more.
r o u g h t andfill cid i r ollution eatwave eforestation ain valanche are going to win going to watch will help will live What was it like the earth started aren’t going to leave aren’t going to get Are rains will cancel in other words are you saying that won’t pass leave will be don’t get ask will help will catch doesn’t study lizzard arthquake
2 My mum said it might / may not rain this weekend. Maybe we could go camping next weekend.
3 I’m late, so I might not / won’t get there on time.
4 AI technology may / will certainly change our way of studying and working.
5 This will / might be her last Olympic medal because she’s thinking of retiring soon.
6 This place might / won’t be a bit scary, but it’s perfect for our Halloween party.
6 Completa le frasi con il futuro con will o be going to dei verbi tra parentesi.
1 It’s the 85th minute and this is their second goal. They (win).
2 you (watch) the Olympic Games this summer?
3 I’ve got a good GPS, so we (not get) lost.
4 Try meditation. Maybe it (help) you concentrate more.
5 We definitely (not leave) the house today. The snow is blocking the door.
6 I don’t think we (live) on a different planet in the future.
COMMUNICATION
7 Completa con le espressioni mancanti.
1 A I heard you were there when the tsunami happened. ?
B It was quite intense, and scary.
2 A What happened?
B Well, to shake, and then all the pictures fell from the walls.
3 A How did you get out of the avalanche?
B Our ski instructor knew exactly what to do when it started – , no one got hurt thanks to her.
4 A There’s nothing for lunch.
Talking about environmental problems
1 Ascolta Maya fare una presentazione sul alcuni problemi ambientali e le loro possibili soluzioni. Rispondi alle domande.
Audioscript p. 268
1 Which of the environmental problems in the pictures does Maya mention in her presentation? Tick (✔).
2 Which environmental problem does Maya give a possible solution for?
3 What is the possible solution she gives?
2 Prepara una breve presentazione su un problema ambientale e su alcuni modi possibili per risolverlo. Usa le parole dell’es. 1 per aiutarti e includi il maggior numero possibile di parole ed espressioni dell’unità. Ricordati di:
• describe the environmental problem
• explain why it’s a problem
• suggest possible solutions to the problem
3 PAIRWORK Student A, descrivi il problema ambientale che hai scelto e le sue possibili soluzioni al/la tuo/a compagno/a. Student B, ascolta e prendi appunti per rispondere alle domande del box di autovalutazione. Poi scambiatevi di ruolo.
Students' own answers Students' own answers
4 PAIRWORK Rispondete alle domande del box di autovalutazione. Poi confrontatevi tra voi. Siete d’accordo? Ripetete l’attività se necessario.
SELF-FEEDBACK
PEER FEEDBACK
Nella mia presentazione: ho usato correttamente will e might per fare previsioni sul futuro ho usato correttamente il First conditional per parlare di eventi possibili e delle loro conseguenze ricordavo il lessico per parlare di problemi ambientali
La presentazione del/la mio/a compagno/a: è stata chiara e facile da capire ha incluso tutti i punti della consegna dell’es. 2 ha usato il lessico dell’unità in modo appropriato e corretto
AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND
The natural world
Australia and New Zealand have some of the most amazing landscapes anywhere in the world. Here we look at just four of them.
The
Great Victoria Desert
This is the biggest desert in Australia and it covers an area of nearly 349,000 square metres. The annual rainfall is less than 250 mm per year and the temperature can reach 40°C during the summer. Because of these extreme conditions, only a part of the desert is inhabited by indigenous Australians and the rest is uninhabited. A lot of the desert is a conservation area in order to protect the salt lakes, plants and animals that live there.
1 Match the names of the natural features to the correct photos.
Daintree Rainforest
This is the complete opposite to the Great Victoria Desert in that here there is an average of 2,000 mm of rain per year, most of which occurs in the wet season between December and March. This lush and verdant rainforest, located in northeast Australia, is estimated to be between 135 and 180 million years old. It is home to over 12,000 species of insects and 430 species of birds, as well as reptiles, frogs and other animals, many of which are endangered. You can also nd rare and primitive owering plants, including one called the Idiot Fruit.
2 Read and listen to the texts. Which places are in Australia and which in New Zealand?
BE CURIOUS
Movies made 'down under'
Many lm directors have chosen Australia or New Zealand to shoot their blockbusters, with locations both in cities and in the beautiful countryside. For example, parts of X-Men Origins: Wolverine were lmed in Australia. Perhaps because it is the home of the lm’s star Hugh Jackman. The Lord of the Rings trilogy was lmed in more than 150 locations in New Zealand.
Key p. 268
Great Barrier Reef
Not far from Daintree Rainforest, we can nd the Great Barrier Reef, the largest coral reef ecosystem in the world, with an incredible variety of corals, jelly sh, sharks and dolphins. Six out of seven of the world’s marine turtle species live on the reef and its islands. It is possible to admire the reef area by helicopter, as well as with snorkelling and scuba diving trips. However, tourism doesn't help and this means that, together with the e ects of global warming and rising sea temperatures, the reef is in danger and there are many initiatives to protect this unique ecosystem.
Tasman Glacier
We’re still connected to the theme of water with this next spectacular place, but it’s ice this time. Tasman Glacier is the largest glacier in New Zealand. Just below Mount Cook, the country’s highest mountain, the glacier currently measures 23,5 km in length and it covers an area of 101 square kilometres. The upper areas of the glacier are covered with snow, while the appearance of the lower end is always changing as parts of the ice shelf break o , forming icebergs in the terminal lake. This lake didn’t even exist 50 years ago, and now it measures more than 7 km. It is predicted that the glacier will disappear completely in fewer than 20 years.
reach raggiungere occurs si veri ca lush lussureggiante jelly sh meduse ice shelf calotta di ghiaccio to shoot girare
3 Read the texts again and tick (✔) the correct answer.
Which place… desert rainforest reef glacier is near a mountain?
1 is extremely hot in the summer months?
2 is home to many marine creatures?
3 has parts where some people live?
4 is getting smaller every year?
5 has plant species that are difficult to find in other places?
4 YOUR TURN Choose a natural feature in your country (beach, lake, mountain, etc.) and prepare a presentation. Include the following information.
• location
• how popular it is with national/international visitors
• what you can do/see there at different times of the year
• the flora and fauna
• risks or dangers it faces
5 ORAL PRESENTATION Present your natural feature to the rest of the class.
Students' own answers
CULTURE VIDEO
1 Watch the video or listen about Uluru. What spiritual significance does Uluru have? What can and can’t tourists do there?
Videoscript p. 268
My time capsule
STEP 1 – LET’S START
1 PAIRWORK Look at the photos and discuss these questions. Then compare your answers with another pair.
1 What is a time capsule?
2 Why do people make them?
2 Listen to Sara talking about her time capsule. Choose the correct option.
Audioscript p.
1 Why does she want to make a time capsule?
A To see how her life changes.
B As a historical record for anyone in the future.
C To leave personal memories for her children.
2 When does she want to open it?
A in 1 year
B in 5 years
C in 50 years
STEP 2 – THINK
3 PAIRWORK Sara is going to put some photos and a letter to her future self in her time capsule. What other possessions, objects and information could you put in a time capsule? Talk together and complete the mind map with your ideas.
STEP 3 – YOUR TURN
4 Follow these steps to create your time capsule.
• Decide the purpose of your time capsule.
• Choose which objects to include.
• Write a personal message.
• Decide where to keep/bury the time capsule.
• Write the date when you/someone can open it.
5 Present your time capsule to the class. If you want, you can make a short video of your presentation and share it with your classmates. Name Date
My social media post
LET’S START
1 PAIRWORK What should a social media post be like? Tick (✔) the adjectives and expressions that you think apply and add your own ideas. long positive offensive informative concise funny respectful full of emojis formal personal engaging creative fake other: lots of hashtags
INPUT
2 Sara wants to write a social media post about her time capsule. Read the three posts and choose (✔) which is best. Think about these questions.
1 Does the post reflect Sara's situation?
2 Is it in a good style for social media?
Time capsules are containers where you place items and open them in the future. I saw an idea to make one for a year, but I have decided to wait five years. I will include a letter, photos and other items of interest.
I saw this time capsule idea on here and I love it. The post said to open it after one year, but I’m waiting five. It’ll be so cool to see how much changes! I’m adding: A letter to future me Photos
My fave music, TV series and fashion Who else is doing this? What would you put in yours?
OUTPUT
#TimeCapsule #FutureMe 1 3 2
3 Create a social media post about your time capsule. Use your ideas from ex. 4 on page 62 and your presentation to help you.
PEER FEEDBACK
4 PAIRWORK Share your post with your partner. Answer the questions about your partner’s post.
1 Is it simple and concise?
2 Does it include all the most important points?
3 Has it got an effective hashtag?
4 Is the language informal?
5 Does it include abbreviations and emojis?
I had an idea for a time capsule! I’m putting a letter inside for fun and some photos. Don’t know when I will open it , but a cool idea, right? #TimeCapsule #coolideas #YOLO
AI ACTIVITY
Use a generative AI program and correct your social media post.
Step 1 Write a prompt for a generative AI program to revise/correct your text. Remember to say the style should be that of a social media post.
Step 2 Reflect on the result.
• What corrections and changes are there?
• Which do you want to keep/reject?
Step 3 If necessary, rewrite your social media post again.
3 Share your experiences
Ben’s vlog
Have you ever heard of staycations?
Hey everyone! This summer, my family has decided to have a staycation. Have you ever heard of staycations? It’s when you stay at home during the holidays instead of travelling. It's "staycation" - STAY and the American word for holiday – VACATION. Got it?
To be honest, I wasn’t very happy when my parents told me – I’ve never stayed at home for the whole summer before. But after thinking about it and doing some research, I changed my mind – I really think it’s going to be a positive experience. We aren’t going to stay home and do nothing all day. I read that for a staycation to feel like a real holiday, you have to plan some activities. You could cook a new recipe together with your family every day, or you might visit places in your town that you’ve never been to before. I’ve also read about the benefits of a staycation. And guess what? There are so many!
First, it’s cheaper than travelling somewhere – you don’t have to pay for plane, bus or train tickets, or for hotels and restaurants. It’s also less stressful – you don’t need to stand in long queues at train stations or airports. And you can relax without worrying about packing – there are always things that can go wrong with that. Have you ever packed your suitcase and forgotten something very important? Yeah, me too! Also, I’ve read that staycations are much more ecofriendly than traditional travel, because you don't use transport that produces carbon emissions!
If you’ve ever had a staycation, let me know what you did! And if you haven’t, try it this summer and then tell me how it went. I’ll do the same! bene ts vantaggi eco-friendly eco-sostenibile, non dannoso per l’ambiente
1 Look at the photos and discuss the questions.
1 Where are the people?
2 What are they doing?
3 Why do you think they are doing it?
2 Watch the video or listen. What kind of holiday is Ben and his family going to have this summer?
Staycation – they are going to stay at home.
3 Now read and listen again. Answer the questions.
Key p. 268
1 How did Ben feel about the idea of having a staycation at first?
2 What made Ben change his opinion about staycations?
3 What examples of staycation activities does Ben give?
4 What are the three reasons Ben says a staycation is better than traditionaltravel?
BE REAL
Match the English expressions to their Italian translations.
1 Got it?
2 I changed my mind.
3 Guess what?
4 go wrong
a Ho cambiato idea. b andare storto c Capito? d Indovina! / Sai cosa?
4 Match the two parts of the sentences. Then check your answers using the text.
1 Have you ever heard
2 I’ve never
3 You might visit places in your town that you’ve never
4 Have you ever packed
5 If you’ve ever had
BE CRITICAL
a your suitcase and forgotten something important?
b been to before.
c of staycations?
d a staycation, let me know what you did!
e stayed at home for the whole summer before.
SEL Read the question and talk with your partner. Ben dice di aver cambiato idea sulla staycation dopo aver fatto delle ricerche e aver capito quali sono i vantaggi. Pensi sia importante fare qualche ricerca prima di decidere che qualcosa non ti piace? Quanto spesso lo fai?
Types of holidays
1 Match the pictures to the words from the box. Then watch the video or listen, and check your answers.
BE AMERICAN
camping holiday • backpacking • beach holiday • adventure holiday package holiday • cruise • skiing holiday • city break • road trip
Listen to the words from ex. 1 in American English. Note that: trainers vacation package package holiday tour city break city tour
2 Listen and repeat.
3 PAIRWORK Answer the questions with a partner.
1 Which type of holiday would you most like to go on? Why?
2 What would you do and see on this type of holiday?
3 Who would you go with? Why?
4 What time of year would you go? Why?
Talking about experiences
4 Watch the video or listen. What type of holidays did Ben go on?
5 Now read and listen again and check your answer.
Chloe Hey, Ben! How was your weekend?
Ben It was awesome! I went camping with my family.
Chloe Cool!
Ben Have you ever been camping?
Chloe No, I haven’t, but I’d like to go. I want to learn how to put up a tent and cook with a camping stove.
Ben Well, I've learnt how to put up a tent. But I still can’t cook, not even with a normal kitchen stove.
Have you ever been on an adventure holiday? That’s so cool! Where/When did you go? What did you do? How was it? Did you enjoy it? / What was it like?
How was your weekend?
No, I haven't, but I'd like to go.
went on a camping holiday. Audioscript p. 268
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. But I would love to go on one. We went on a city break in Paris. / We went there last summer. We went skiing. / We tried many local dishes. / We visited lots of museums. Yes, I really enjoyed it. / It was lots of fun. / It was amazing.
7 Read the questions and match them to the correct answer. Then listen and check.
1 Have you ever been to
Follow the instructions and make a dialogue. Use the language from the Be Fluent box to help you.
Student A Student B
Chiedi a Student B delle sue vacanze estive.
Chiedi a A delle sue vacanze estive.
Holiday activities
9 Match the pictures to the words and phrases. Then watch the video or listen, and check your answers.
BE AMERICAN
Listen to the words from ex. 9 in American English.
BE CURIOUS
London o ers a range of popular bus tours. They are classic hop-on, hop-o tours which stop at famous places like Buckingham Palace, Trafalgar Square, St. Paul’s Cathedral and the London Eye. It also includes a cruise on the River Thames.
eat ethnic food • get lost • go on a guided tour • check in at/out of a hotel go on a bus tour • go snorkelling • pack your suitcase • see a show go sightseeing • sunbathe • visit a museum • go sailing
Listen again and repeat the words.
11 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs from ex. 9.
When I travel to a new country, I always try to eat ethnic food to experience the local culture.
1 When we go on a city break, we like to lost and discover the sights on our own.
2 The flight is going to be very long, so when we get there, I think we’ll at the hotel and take a nap.
3 On our beach holiday, we snorkelling and saw colourful fish and sea turtles.
4 While in New York, we a show on Broadway – the actors were incredible.
5 We the Louvre Museum – I was surprised by how small the Mona Lisa is.
Giving recommendations
12 Watch the video, or listen and read. Tick (✔) the things Ben recommends doing.
Visiting a museum • Going to a park
Going snorkelling • Walking in a famous place
Eating local food • Seeing a show
13
Now complete the dialogue with the expressions from the box. Then listen again and check.
should definitely • do you suggest recommend trying • must visit
Chloe Hey, Ben! I’m going to Berlin next month. What do you recommend I do there?
Ben Oh, Berlin is amazing! You must visit the Brandenburg Gate. It’s a beautiful monument.
Chloe That sounds great! What else (1) ?
BE FLUENT
What should I do/ see/visit there?
What do you recommend?
What else do you suggest?
You must visit the historical centre.
Don’t miss the National Park.
You should de nitely visit the castle. / I recommend trying the local speciality. / You must try the sh & chips.
14 Match each question to the two most suitable answers.
1 c Where should I go on holiday?
2 What should I wear to the party?
3 What dishes do you recommend?
a I recommend wearing something smart. It’s quite formal.
b Don’t miss the tiramisu for dessert. It’s delicious.
c I recommend Sicily. It’s a fantastic place.
d You must try the roast pork. It’s delicious.
e You should visit a European city, like Paris or Vienna.
f You should get something new.
do you suggest should definitely
Ben You (2) explore Museum Island, it’s full of fascinating museums. Also, I (3) the local currywurst – it’s delicious!
Chloe Uhm, I’m not sure what that is, but I’ll definitely do the other things you recommended!
15 PAIRWORK Follow the instructions. Swap roles and invent a similar dialogue, talking about another city.
Student A Student B
Chiedi se è stato/a a Edimburgo l’estate scorsa.
Di’ che vorresti andarci e chiedi consiglio su cosa visitare.
Ringrazia. Chiedi cos’altro suggerisce di fare.
Consiglia di provare i dolci tipici. Aggiungi anche di non perdere il festival d’estate (summer festival). recommend trying
Rispondi di sì e di’ che è una città bellissima.
Consiglia di visitare il castello perché è molto interessante.
Past participle
visit visited
eat eaten
Il participio passato dei verbi regolari si forma aggiungendo -ed alla forma base del verbo. I verbi irregolari hanno forme diverse, vedi pag. 235 per la lista completa.
Present perfect VIDEO MAP
I’ve visited Koyasan. I haven’t been there. Have you ever missed a train?
Forma a ermativa Forma negativa
I have (’ve) worked. I have not (haven’t) worked. You have (’ve) worked. You have not (haven’t) worked. He / She / It has (’s) worked. He / She / It has not (hasn’t) worked. We have (’ve) worked We have not (haven’t) worked
You have (’ve) worked You have not (haven’t) worked They have (’ve) worked They have not (haven’t) worked
Forma interrogativa Risposte brevi
A ermative
Have I worked?
Yes, I have
Negative
No, I haven’t
Have you worked? Yes, you are No, you haven’t
Has he / she / it worked? Yes, he / she / it has No, he / she / it hasn’t
Have we worked? Yes, we have. No, we haven’t.
Have you worked? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have they worked? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.
Il Present perfect si forma con l’ausiliare have / has seguito dal verbo al participio passato.
Il Present perfect si usa per parlare di azioni avvenute in un tempo non precisato del passato: l’attenzione è posta sull’azione e i suoi e etti sul presente, non su quando è avvenuta: I’ve visited Koyasan.
We have studied.
My sister has made.
Fred and Alicia have gone. It has started.
You and Martin have watched.
We haven’t studied.
My sister hasn’t made.
Fred and Alicia haven’t gone. It hasn’t started.
You and Martin haven’t watched.
LEARN IT!
5 Complete the sentences with the Present perfect of the verbs in brackets.
My mum has found (find) a really nice hotel in Brighton.
1 We (paint) our living room blue.
2 I (not make) anything for lunch.
3 Tom (finish) his maths homework.
4 It (not stop) snowing.
5 Jane and Nick (buy) a new car.
6 Brian (send) an important email.
7 The teacher (not teach) the Present perfect yet.
8 There (be) a lot of difficulties recently.
6 Complete the sentences with the Present perfect of the verbs from the box.
lose • be • not decide • start • not eat • miss • go
We’ve been to Paris twice.
have painted haven’t made has finished have bought has sent hasn't taught have been hasn’t stopped haven’t decided
1 Mum and Dad where to go on holiday.
2 Kay’s upset because she her smartphone.
3 Francesca sightseeing in Rome today.
4 Oh no! We the train!
5 Hurry up! The film .
6 Gavin and Nancy sushi before. This is their first time.
7 Write questions and short answers.
she / have / breakfast? (✘)
‘Has she had breakfast?’ ‘No, she hasn’t.’
1 you / meet / the new doctor? (✔)
‘Have you met the new doctor?’ ‘Yes, I have.’
2 Ben / understand / the rule? (✔)
‘Has Ben understood the rule?’ ‘Yes, he has.’
3 you / find / your cat? (✘)
‘Have you found your cat?’ ‘No, I haven’t.’
4 we / miss / the train? (✔)
‘Have we missed the train?’ ‘Yes, we have.’
5 Lucie and Sally / go / to the cinema? (✘)
‘Have Lucie and Sally gone to the cinema?’ ‘No, they haven’t.’
6 your cousin / pass / the French exam? (✔)
‘Has your cousin passed the French exam?’ ‘Yes, she has.’ has lost has gone have missed has started haven’t eaten
Present perfect with ever and never VIDEO MAP
Have you ever won the lottery? She’s never learned how to swim.
8
Ever e never si posizionano sempre fra l’ausiliare e il verbo principale.
Add ever and never in the correct position.
I have been to Egypt. (never)
I have never been to Egypt.
1 Has Brian visited London? (ever)
2 Anna has played basketball. (never)
Has Brian ever visited London? Anna has never played basketball.
3 Kath and Roger have stayed in a 5-star hotel. (never)
Kath and Roger have never stayed in a 5-star hotel.
4 Have you lost your passport? (ever)
Have you ever lost your passport?
5 My brother has been camping. (never)
My brother has never been camping.
6 Have your parents met a famous person? (ever) 7 Has your father played basketball? (ever) 8 We've read that novel. (never)
Have your parents ever met a famous person?
Has your father ever played basketball?
We've never read that novel.
Choose the correct alternative.
We’ve ever / never been snorkelling.
1 Has ever she / she ever had Mexican food?
2 Have you ever try / ever tried bungee jumping?
3 I’ve never swum / swum never in a lake.
4 Will and Mia haven’t never / have never seen that film.
5 ‘Have you ever won some money?’ ‘No, I never / never.’
6 My granny hasn’t never / has never learnt a foreign language.
LEARN IT!
10
Read the prompts and complete the questions with ever. Then answer them about yourself, using never when necessary.
swim / dolphins
Have you ever swum with dolphins? Yes, I have. / No, never. / No, I’ve never swum with dolphins.
1 visit / New York
Have you ever visited New York?
2 live / abroad
Have you ever lived abroad?
3 miss / train
Have you ever missed a train?
4 win / a prize
Have you ever won a prize?
5 study / French
Have you ever studied French?
6 meet / celebrity
GRAMMAR ROUND-UP
12 Complete the text with the correct option (A, B or C).
New message
Hi! I’m Kevin and this summer I’m going to do a homestay in England. I’ve never been abroad before so I’m really excited… and a bit nervous too!
Have you ever met a celebrity? studied ’ve seen been has done she’s gone decided written
been / gone
She’s been to New York once.
She’s gone home. She’s there now.
Rules p. 81
Usiamo been per dire che si è stati in un posto e ora si è rientrati, gone quando non si è ancora rientrati.
11 Choose the correct alternative.
Oh! The fridge is full! Have you been / gone to the supermarket?
1 Rebecca isn’t here. She’s been / gone to the gym.
2 Ssssh! Mum’s been / gone to bed.
3 Have you ever been / gone on a camping trip?
4 Granny is out. She’s been / gone to the cinema with her friend.
5 I’ve never been / gone to Ireland.
6 Viv and Tim have been / gone to America three times.
7 He's been / gone to the seaside. I don't know what time he'll be back.
8 I've been / gone to Paris twice.
I’ve (1) English at school of course and I (2) loads of films in English but I’ve never (3) to England. My sister (4) a homestay twice and she says it’s great. She isn’t here at the moment because (5) to Madrid for a week – she’s (6) to learn another language!
13
(7) done a homestay? Any advice?
Have you ever
I’ve (8) the first post… now it’s your turn to tell your story!
Send
A ’ve never B never C have ever
1 A studyed B studied C studed
2 A ’ve seen B ’ve saw C seen
3 A gone B went C been
4 A has did B has made C has done
5 A she gone B she’s been C she’s gone
6 A deciding B decided C decide
7 A Ever you has B Have ever you C Have you ever
8 A wrote B write C written
Choose the correct alternative.
I’ve never bought / buyed a car.
1 Tania has / have lived in three different countries.
2 Look at all those bags! Have you been / gone shopping?
3 Has your cousin never / ever studied German?
4 We’ve ever / never tried Thai food.
5 Alex has run / ran 10 kilometres today.
6 Frank and I hasn’t / haven’t seen Lucy today.
7 Dad has gone / been to the cinema. Let's wait for him at home.
8 A Have you seen Wicked?
B No, ever / never
LEARN IT!
A presentation on a place of interest
LISTENING
1 Look at the photos. What do you think the place is and what can you see there?
Students' own answers
2 Now listen to the presentation and complete the fact file on the right.
Audioscript p. 268
3 Complete the extracts from the presentation with the words from the box. Then listen again and check.
but • called • get to • for example here • in • lots of • my favourite part there is • when • where
I’d like to talk about a museum which I visited when I went to the USA last autumn.
1 I’ve been to museums with my family on holiday, and sometimes they can be a bit boring. this was fantastic.
Name
Location
Practical details
Cost
How to get there
Facilities
International Spy Museum
Washington DC, USA lots of
But called in Here
Description (Examples of what to do/see)
2 It’s the International Spy Museum and it’s Washington.
3 you can find the gadgets and tools which real spies have used.
Personal experience/opinion
$25 metro or bus shop
see gadgets and tools that real spies have used
fantastic; favourite part: the cryptology section
4 an area where you can learn about the history of spying, during World War II.
My favourite part
5 was the cryptology section you can try to crack a code.
There is for example where get to
6 The museum is easy to by metro and bus.
SPEAKING
4 Prepare a short presentation about a place you have visited. Use a fact file like the one in ex. 2 to organise the information. Include a description of what you can do/see there and a personal opinion of the place/experience.
Students' own answers
5 YOUR TURN Give your presentation to the class. You should speak for about two minutes. Remember to show the class a photograph and say why you chose this place.
Students' own answers
Name
Location
Practical details
Cost
How to get there
Facilities
Description (Examples of what to do/see)
Personal experience/opinion
I’ve never seen anything like this!
Do you want some inspiration for your next holiday? Read on for our readers’ experiences and some top tips.
Lizzie and Alice have had lots of holidays but the best was in South Africa. They started o in Cape Town and their advice is to take a sightseeing bus tour on the first day. ‘It helped us understand the city. We then organised trips by ourselves to places like Table Mountain and Robben Island,’ says Lizzie. Their trip also included a safari in Kruger National Park. ‘Amazing!’ says Lizzie, ‘we felt very to have this once-in-a-lifetime experience.’
WHAT MAKES YOU SAY THAT?
Look at the people in the photos. Which of the places in ex. 1 do you think they visited? What makes you say that?
has always loved adventure so when he was he went backpacking alone in India.
‘It was a long flight and I was exhausted when I arrived. I spent the first day
and Jaipur. ‘The Amber Fort in Jaipur was incredible. Luckily there weren’t many tourists that day and I took some fantastic photos.’ Andy stayed in hostels, which are a good idea both because of the low cost and as a way to get to know other solo travellers.
Megan, 16, and her family went to Florida. They flew from the UK to Orlando and spent five days at the theme parks there. ‘It was amazing,’ says Megan, ‘and the
family rented a villa with a pool by the beach in Sarasota for the second part of their holiday. ‘We needed to chill out after the adrenalin of the theme parks.’ If beach holidays aren’t for you, you can visit the Kennedy Space Centre, the Everglades ,
Have you had the holiday of a lifetime? Write to us and we’ll publish your story to help inspire other travellers!
sightseeing bus tour giro turistico in bus privileged privilegiate reworks fuochi d’arti cio rented a ttò
1 PAIRWORK Match the name of the place to the photos. Which of these places would you like to visit? Why?
READING
2 Read and listen to the text. Check your answers to exercise 1.
3 Read the text again and choose the correct option (A, B or C).
1 How did Andy travel to India?
A by train
B by plane
C by boat
2 What is one advantage of staying in hostels?
A They have rooms for solo travellers.
B They are close to major tourist attractions.
C You can save money.
3 What did Lizzie and Alice do on their first day in Cape Town?
A They went on a sightseeing tour.
B They visited Robben Island.
C They asked a tour guide for advice.
WRITING A formal email
4 Read the email quickly. Why has Jane written the email?
4 How was the second part of Megan’s holiday?
A It was more expensive than the first part.
B It included more sightseeing than the first part.
C It was more relaxing than the first part.
5 What is the purpose of this blog?
A to sell holidays
B to make people feel enthusiastic about travelling
She wants to visit the museum and would like to ask questions to know more about it.
New message
Dear Sir or Madam / Hi there,
(1) I want / I would like to to visit the Railway Museum during the Christmas holidays with my family. We have never been to York before, so I would like to ask you some questions.
(2) The first thing I want to know is / Firstly, I would like to know if there are any family tickets so that we can get a discount.
(3) And one more thing, / Secondly, are there any facilities for people with disabilities? My little brother uses a wheelchair.
My last question for you is, does the museum offer guided tours?
(4) Could you please send me a reply as soon as possible? / Just let me know.
(5) Thanks / Thank you so much for your help.
(6) Best regards / See you
(7) Jane / Jane Davies
C to tell tourists what to do on holiday Send
WRITING TIPS
5 You want to visit a new museum in your town tomorrow. Write an email to the museum. Ask about:
• the types of exhibitions you can visit
• ticket prices and discounts
• the types of tours the museum offers
• Remember to use more formal vocabulary and polite language, for example: o er instead of have, We have never instead of We’ve never, I would like instead of I want
• If you don’t know who is going to read your email, you can use ‘Dear Sir or Madam’ (more usual today) or ‘To whom it may concern’.
Have you ever heard of staycations?
1 Completa gli estratti del video vlog di Ben a pagina 64 con le espressioni nel riquadro. Poi guarda o ascolta di nuovo e controlla le tue risposte.
more eco-friendly • changed my mind the benefits • staycations • before have you ever packed • let me know
Have you ever heard of staycations?
1 I’ve never stayed home for the whole summer
1
MY GLOSSARY
Ascolta e ripeti. Poi scrivi la traduzione. Types of holidays adventure holiday backpacking beach holiday camping holiday city break
cruise
viaggio avventura
2 But after thinking about it and doing some research, I .
before changed my mind the benefits
3 I’ve also read about of a staycation. And guess what? There are so many!
4 your suitcase and forgotten something very important?
package holiday road trip
skiing holiday
pacchetto turistico viaggio su strada settimana bianca
5 Also, I’ve read that staycations are much than traditional travel.
6 If you’ve ever had a staycation, what you did!
Have you ever packed more eco-friendly let me know
2 BE REAL Traduci le frasi in inglese. Poi ascolta e controlla.
1 Lucy ha cambiato idea. Non vuole più andare in vacanza in campeggio.
Lucy changed her mind. She doesn’t want to go on a camping holiday any more.
2 Ho sentito della settimana bianca della scuola. Indovina! Partiremo fra un mese!
I heard about the school skiing holiday. Guess what? We’ll leave in a month!
3 Dovremmo imparare a vivere in modo più ecosostenibile. Capito?
We should learn to live in a more eco-friendly way. Got it?
4 Che cosa potrebbe andare storto?
What could go wrong?
Holiday activities check in at / out of a hotel eat ethnic food get lost go on a bus tour go on a guided tour go sailing go sightseeing go snorkelling
pack your suitcase see a show sunbathe visit a museum
Holiday accommodation B&B cabin campsite
caravan guest house
health spa
holiday village homestay
hotel
motor home
resort
youth hostel
fare il check in/out in hotel mangiare cibo etnico perdersi
fare un tour in autobus
fare un tour guidato andare in barca visitare una città fare snorkeling fare la valigia vedere uno spettacolo prendere il sole visitare un museo zaino in spalla vacanza al mare vacanza in campeggio soggiorno breve in città crociera
B&B - bed and breakfast baita
campeggio roulotte pensione spa
villaggio turistico alloggio in famiglia hotel
camper resort ostello
VOCABULARY MAPS
2 Completa la mappa con le espressioni nel riquadro. Alcune espressioni possono andare in più di un gruppo.
TYPES OF HOLIDAYS
3 Completa la mappa con le espressioni nel riquadro.
Types of holidays
1 Scrivi le parole o sillabe mancanti. camping holiday 1 ture holiday 2 beach 3 trip 4 city 5 packing
2 Sottolinea l’alternativa corretta. They planned a backpacking / beach trip through the mountains for the summer.
1 They rented a house for their cruise / beach holiday and spent their days swimming and sunbathing.
2 We went on a camping holiday / city break by the lake for a few days.
3 Mel said we can use her car for our road trip / cruise.
4 The weekend was perfect for a quick camping holiday / city break in Paris.
5 A skiing holiday / beach holiday in Hawaii was just what they needed to relax.
6 We went on an adventure / a skiing holiday in the Amazon Rainforest.
3 Completa il post di Alice con le espressioni degli es. 1 e 2.
There are so many different types of travel adventures I’d like to try one day! One of my favourite ones is a backpacking adventure. I love the idea of packing a bag and exploring new places on foot. Another holiday I’d love to try is a (1) . There’s nothing better than relaxing among trees and sleeping under the stars. A (2) also sounds amazing. Visiting a capital city for a few days would be so cool. I’m also curious about (3) . The idea of sliding down snowy mountains sounds perfect to me. Another fun idea is going on a (4) . Driving with friends or family and stopping at cool spots along the way would be unforgettable. Finally, I think I would also enjoy some kind of (5)
Exploring caves, going bungee jumping or even going on a safari.
I can’t wait to start exploring the world!
And you?
Talking about experiences
4 Scegli l'opzione corretta (A, B o C).
My weekend was great.
A How was yours?
B Have you ever done it?
C I’ve never been there before.
1 We did lots of sightseeing, but we couldn’t see everything – it’s such a big city.
A Yes, I have.
B I would really love to go.
C Have you ever been to Rome?
2 We visited the Eiffel Tower.
A It was amazing.
B I’m sure that was lots of fun.
C That sounds so cool.
3 ‘Have you ever been to New York?’ ‘ ’
A I’ve never been there before.
B Yes, I have.
C No, I haven’t.
4 Did you go skydiving?
A Have you ever done it?
B It was amazing!
C That’s so cool!
5 Riordina il dialogo. Poi ascolta e controlla.
Jake Oh, I didn’t do much. I went out with Paul. I’m sure Prague was lots of fun for you!
1 Jake Hey, Amy! How was your weekend in Prague?
Jake No, I haven’t, but I’ve always wanted to go. Did you enjoy it?
Amy Yeah, it really was.
Amy It was amazing! We’ve had the best time ever! Have you ever been there?
Amy A lot! My cousins there are so much fun. And we saw all these amazing buildings. And you? How was your weekend?
6 Completa i mini-dialoghi con informazioni vere per te.
Students’ own answers
1 Ben Have you ever ?
You No, I’ve never tried it, but I’d like to.
2 Pam How was your summer? You
3 Iris
I’ve never been there before. But I’d love to.
VOCABULARY
Holiday activities
7 Abbina le due parti delle frasi.
g You need your passport or other form of ID
Giving recommendations
10 Completa i mini-dialoghi con le espressioni nel riquadro.
1 I love to eat
2 It's easy to get lost
3 We decided to go on a guided tour
4 After a busy morning, we spent the afternoon
5 I didn’t enjoy the bus tour
6 I always make a list of the things I have to pack
c f e a b d
a sunbathing on the beach.
b because I think the driver drove a bit too fast.
c ethnic food when travelling to new countries.
d before a trip, so I don’t forget anything.
e to learn more about the history of the place.
f in the streets of the old city.
g to check in at a hotel.
8 Completa le frasi con le espressioni nel riquadro. C'è un'espressione in più.
bus tour • check in • get lost • go sightseeing pack • sunbathing • see a show snorkelling • sailing
I always check the map app on my phone so that I don’t get lost.
1 They didn't let us because the room was not ready.
2 The water was crystal clear, which was perfect to go .
3 I need to my suitcase for my trip tomorrow.
4 We’re so excited to at the local theatre tonight.
5 Tomorrow, we’ll and explore the most famous attractions.
6 After walking all morning, we went by the pool in the afternoon.
should I buy • I recommend watching • do you suggest • don’t miss • you should also visit • you must have
1 A Have you ever been to So Sushi in the town centre?
You must have
B Yes, it’s fantastic. the tuna poke bowl.
2 A the latest FIFA game?
B Yes, it’s much better than the last one.
3 A Which film should I see this weekend?
7 Yesterday we went along the coast. What a wonderful trip!
9 Sottolinea le sillabe accentate. Poi ascolta e controlla.
ethnic • guided • package snorkelling • sightseeing • backpacking adventure • sunbathe
Should I buy do you suggest
You should also visit I recommend watching pack see a show go sightseeing sunbathing sailing
B The Bob’s Burgers Movie. It’s really funny.
4 A What ?
B I recommend staying in a campsite.
5 A What rides should I go on at the theme park?
B Gravity Race. It’s awesome.
Don’t miss
6 A What else do you suggest?
B the safari park if you have time.
11 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
Jake Have you ever been to Dublin?
Amy Yes, I went there two years ago.
Jake check in snorkelling
Jake (1) How / What was it like? I’m going there next month.
Amy Great! There’s lots to see. Don’t (2) miss / lose the Guinness factory tour!
Jake What (3) suggest / should I visit?
Amy I (4) recommend / must going to Trinity College library.
Jake A library? Maybe. What (5) other / else do you
Amy
Past participle
LEARN IT!
Verbi regolari
Forma base Past simple Past participle clean cleaned cleaned
Il participio passato dei verbi regolari è uguale al Past simple, con le stesse variazioni ortogra che.
Verbi irregolari
Forma base Past simple Past participle do did done
Il participio passato dei verbi irregolari ha una forma propria, che va imparata a memoria.
Irregular verbs, pp. 259-260
1 Indica se i verbi sono regolari (R) o irregolari (IR). Poi scrivi il participio passato. have IR had
Present perfect Affirmative form
La forma a ermativa del Present perfect si ottiene con: soggetto + have/has+ participio passato del verbo.
Il Present perfect si usa per:
• azioni o esperienze avvenute in un momento non speci cato del passato
We’ve seen this show twice.
• azioni o eventi avvenuti in un periodo di tempo non ancora concluso He’s got lost, so he won’t arrive on time.
3 Completa le frasi con il Present perfect dei verbi tra parentesi.
I’ve done (do) the washing-up.
2 Completa le frasi con il participio passato dei verbi tra parentesi.
We’ve seen (see) that film three times.
1 I’ve (speak) to him before.
2 Nell and Ana have (drive) to Paris.
3 My parents have (go) to the theatre.
4 Molly has (visit) her aunt.
5 Gavin has (make) dinner for everyone.
6 Ollie and Frank have (do) their homework.
1 I (watch) the news today.
2 We (miss) the bus!
3 Francesca (see) Alex this week.
4 The French teacher (give) us a difficult test.
have watched ’ve missed has seen has given has taken
5 Tom (take) the train to Manchester.
have walked
6 Alice and I (walk) all the way.
Present perfect Negative and interrogative forms, short answers
LEARN IT!
La forma negativa del Present perfect si ottiene con: soggetto + hasn’t/haven’t + participio passato del verbo.
I haven’t seen you for ages.
La forma interrogativa si ottiene con: Have/Has + soggetto + participio passato del verbo. ‘Have you done your homework?’ ‘Yes, I have.’/‘No, I haven’t.’
Nelle risposte brevi si usano solo have/has e haven’t/ hasn’t: Yes, + soggetto + have/has. No, + soggetto + haven’t/hasn’t
LEARN IT!
4 Completa le frasi con la forma affermativa o negativa del Present perfect dei verbi tra parentesi.
Andrew’s family has taken (take) the train to London.
1 Ivan and I (not see) Richard for ages.
6 Completa il messaggio con il Present perfect. Usa la forma contratta dove possibile.
do • choose • not find • buy • study • look
2 I (make) a cake for my sister’s birthday.
3 Louis (not start) his geography project.
4 It (rain) all day.
5 Janine and Bill (work) together for years.
have made hasn’t started has rained have worked has used
6 My dad (use) the Underground since he was a teenager.
5 Riordina le parole per formare domande e poi scrivi risposte brevi affermative (✔) o negative (✘).
before / video game / you / have / played / this / ? (✘)
'Have you played this video game before?'
'No, I haven’t.'
1 dog / seen / you / the / have / ? (✘)
Have you seen the dog?
' ' ' '
2 stopped / it / snowing / has / ? (✔) ' ' ' '
Has it stopped snowing?
Yes, it has.
3 Lorna / back / has / Germany / come / from / ? (✘) ' ' ' '
Has Lorna come back from Germany?
Matt, what have you done with my Switch Lite? I (1) a lot for our maths test but now I want to relax. I (2) everywhere but I (3) it. Text me immediately. (4) you other games recently? It isn’t fair, we (5) always them together.
have studied have looked haven’t found Have bought have chosen been gone been gone been No, I haven’t.
Present perfect with ever and never haven’t seen
7
Per dire che qualcuno è andato e tornato, si usa have/has been. He’s been to Edinburgh twice.
Per dire che qualcuno è andato ma non è ancora tornato, si usa have/has gone. She’s gone to the cinema.
Completa le frasi con been o gone.
Has Evan ever been on a cruise?
1 Where have you ? You look really tired!
2 ‘Where’s mum?’ ‘She’s to see her friend.’
3 I’ve to Wales three times.
4 I can’t find the cat. Where’s it ?
5 Rebecca has to a 5-star hotel once.
Have you bought Joe’s birthday present?
4 bought / you / Joe’s / present / have / birthday / ? (✔) ' ' ' '
IT! been / gone
Have you sent that important email?
Yes, I have. Yes, I have.
5 email / you / important / sent / have / that / ? (✔)
' ' ' '
6 George and Sara / train / missed / have / the / ? (✘)
Have George and Sara missed the train? No, she hasn’t.
' ' ' '
No, they haven’t.
Ever e never signi cano “mai” e si usano per parlare di esperienze e azioni che si sono fatte o non fatte nora.
Ever si usa nelle frasi interrogative.
Have you ever been snorkelling?
Never si usa nelle frasi a ermative ma il signi cato è negativo!
They’ve never eaten ethnic food. (Non hanno mai provato cibo etnico.)
LEARN IT!
LEARN
Hi Dan, I’m in Scotland. Have you ever been here?
My family has never been abroad. ’ve come never been has have haven’t seen 's gone ’ve met haven’t heard
Have you ever tried watching a film in English?
I’ve never written a postcard in my life.
Have you ever made pizza at home?
We have never taken photos with this camera.
Have they ever been to an activity camp?
Students' own answers
11 Scegli l’opzione corretta (A, B o C) per completare l’email. New message Send
It’s beautiful but a bit cold! I (1) camping with my cousin, Paul. I’ve (2) camping before but Paul (3) done it loads of times so he knows what to do. We’re staying on a campsite near Loch Ness but I (4) Nessie! We (5) some people from Argentina who are travelling around Europe by train. They (6) cooked us a few great dinners so it’s our turn now! Paul (7) to the supermarket to get the ingredients for spaghetti bolognese! Anyway, text me soon! I (8) from you for ages…
Bye, Charlie
A ever B never C gone
1 A ’s come B ’ve come C ’ve came
2 A never did B never do C never been
3 A has B is C have
4 A has seen B have saw C haven’t seen
5 A ’s met B ’ve meet C ’ve met
6 A have B haven’t C has
7 A ’s been B ’s gone C ’s go
8 A have hear B haven’t heard C have hear 12 00 Ascolta il dettato e scrivi il testo.
Audioscript p. 269
13 Traduci le frasi.
Key p. 269
Viviamo qui da anni. We’ve lived here for years.
1 Hilary è andata a fare un giro turistico oggi.
2 Non sono mai stato/a in Australia.
3 Ivan ha alloggiato in famiglia in Inghilterra due volte.
4 Abbiamo prenotato un B&B vicino alla spiaggia.
1 Leggi e ascolta il testo. Abbina i paragrafi alle foto.
Looking for a different holiday? Have a look at this!
1 Glamping
Have you ever slept in a tent? It’s great fun to be in the middle of nature but uncomfortable to sleep on an airbed in a sleeping bag. Glamping has all the fun of camping but with added comforts and glamour – that’s where the name comes from: glamorous camping! When you arrive, you nd your tent ready for you, with proper beds and other essentials, leaving you more time to explore the countryside and toast marshmallows.
2 Youth hostels
These hostels started over 100 years ago as simple places in the countryside where school groups could stay. Today there are over 4,000 hostels in big and small cities and tourist spots around the world that are part of the Hostelling International organisation. Contrary to the name, you don’t have to be young to use them…so your parents are welcome too!
2 Rileggi il testo e indica quale tipo di vacanza (1, 2, 3 o 4) has a long history?
1 involves visiting more than one place?
2 can teach you new skills?
3 uses an eco-friendly form of transport?
4 offers a more relaxing version of a standard holiday?
5 is suitable for nature lovers?
LISTENING
3 Ascolta due amici, Susan e Isaac, parlare delle vacanze. Di quali quattro tipi di vacanze parlano?
and
3 Interrail
We know ying has a negative impact on the environment so have you thought about taking the train instead? Interrail passes o er families and individuals a variety of options for unlimited rail journeys within Europe so you can travel from Amsterdam to Athens and anywhere in between. You don’t have to book each journey in advance so your plans can change at the last minute.
4 Dude ranches
This is a way to get a unique view of America and perfect if you love the outdoors and animals. Private ranches, often in states like Montana or Wyoming, o er a taste of the cowboy lifestyle to visitors. You can try horse riding and other outdoor activities. It’s a form of agritourism where you stay with local people and learn their way of life. airbed materassino gonfiabile sleeping bag sacco a pelo
4
Ascolta di nuovo e indica se le frasi sono vere (T) o false (F).
Susan’s parents want to go on a cruise with her.
1 Isaac has been to Greece and Italy.
2 Isaac thinks interrail is a good option for Susan’s holiday.
3 Isaac’s camping experience was without his parents.
4 Susan enjoyed her experience in a youth hostel.
5 They agree a cruise is the best holiday for Susan.
VOCABULARY
1 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
1 They went on a city break / cruise round the Bahamas.
2 They took their car to the garage for a full check before their package holiday / road trip.
3 A quick city break / adventure holiday in Budapest was just what my parents needed.
4 I love both snow and sports but I’ve never been on a package / skiing holiday.
5 We packed / sunbathed snacks and music for our long road trip.
6 The girls are excited about our next cruise / camping holiday because they’ve never slept in a tent.
2 Completa il dialogo con le espressioni nel riquadro.
check out • eat ethnic food • get lost go sightseeing • see a show • sunbathe
1 She loves to , especially Ethiopian and Lebanese.
2 It’s easy to in a big city like Beijing.
3 The man at reception told us that we need to before 12pm tomorrow.
4 I just want to go to the beach to and relax.
5 We want to in the historical centre this afternoon.
6 They have reopened the old theatre and we are going to there next weekend.
GRAMMAR
4 Scrivi il participio passato di questi verbi. 1 be
finished
learned/learnt tried made walked Key p. 269 Key p. 269 get lost check out sunbathe go sightseeing see a show
3 In quale tipo di vacanza faresti queste attività? Cerchia.
1 see a show camping holiday / adventure holiday / city break
2 go snorkelling skiing holiday / cruise / road trip
3 go on a guided tour package holiday / adventure holiday / cruise
4 sunbathe backpacking / road trip / beach holiday
5 go sailing adventure holiday / backpacking / skiing holiday
6 get lost cruise /
5 Correggi queste frasi con il Present perfect.
1 Have you never been to Japan?
2 We have gone to the beach many times this year.
3 She never has visited Paris.
4 They haven't finish their homework.
5 We’ve gone to Milan many times.
6 Does he ever climbed a mountain?
6 Usa i suggerimenti per scrivere delle frasi con il Present perfect.
1 I / never / meet / a celebrity / before.
2 you / ever / try / scuba diving?
3 she / not finish / her homework.
4 they / never / travel / outside their country.
5 he / ever / play / the piano?
6 we / never / be / so surprised in my life.
7 it / not rain / today.
COMMUNICATION
7 Completa il dialogo con le parole nel riquadro. and • definitely • else • how • miss • was • what
A (1) was your holiday?
B It (2) great. Sicily is really nice. (3) you? (4) did you do?
A We’re going to Florence next week.
B Oh, I’ve been there. There is so much to do. Don’t (5) the Mercato Centrale. It’s really cool.
A OK. What (6) do you suggest?
B You like astronomy, don’t you? Then you should (7) visit the Galileo Museum.
A Great. Thanks!
Writing a report from a graph
1 Osserva i grafici. Quali argomenti hanno preso in esame?
Key p. 270
2 Analizza i grafici A e B sulla destra. Poi leggi i testi che ne riassumono le informazioni e trova 6 errori.
TYPES OF HOLIDAYS
The most popular type of holiday is camping. Eleven people have said that they have gone camping many times before. Seven people have said that they prefer to go on a beach holiday, so this is also a very common type of holiday among teenagers between 13 and 15. Four people have answered that they prefer going on a skiing holiday, while three like going on a road trip with their family. No one has ever been on a backpacking trip or city break.
HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES
The most popular activity on holiday is visiting museums. Twelve people have said that they have done it before. Fourteen people said they have been on a bus tour, so this is also a very common holiday activity. Ten people have seen a show, while six have eaten ethnic food while on holiday. Only two people have gone snorkelling and only two people have gone sailing.
3 GROUPWORK Lavorate a gruppi di 5 o 6. Seguite le istruzioni.
• Intervistate gli altri studenti del vostro gruppo. Quanti studenti hanno fatto queste vacanze nel riquadro? Quali attività hanno fatto durante queste vacanze? Prendete appunti sul quaderno con i numeri esatti.
backpacking • cruise • road trip • skiing holiday camping holiday • staycation
• Ora scrivete un report per riassumere le conclusioni della vostra intervista. Ricordatevi di usare il lessico e le funzioni comunicative apprese in questa unità.
4 PAIRWORK Scambiatevi il report con un/a compagno/a del vostro gruppo. Leggetelo e rispondete alle domande del box di autovalutazione (Peer Feedback). Poi confrontatevi tra voi. Ripetete l’es. 3 se necessario.
5 PAIRWORK Ora usate le informazioni nel Self-Feedback per riflettere sul vostro lavoro.
GRAPH A
Popular types of holidays
Teenagers 13-15 years old
camping holiday skiing holiday
GRAPH B
Holiday activities that teenagers have done
Teenagers 13-15 years old
visit a museum go on a bus tour eat ethnic food see a show go snorkelling go sailing
SELF-FEEDBACK
Nel mio report: ho usato correttamente il Present perfect per parlare di esperienze nel passato. ricordavo facilmente il lessico appropriato per parlare di tipi di vacanze e attività in vacanza. ho usato le espressioni corrette per descrivere e fare domande su attività ed esperienze fatte in vacanza.
PEER FEEDBACK
Il report del/la mio/a compagno/a: era chiaro e facile da leggere. includeva tutte le informazioni emerse nell’es. 4. aveva un linguaggio appropriato e corretto.
South Africa
3
South Africa has three capital cities. Cape Town is home to the legislative part of government, Pretoria to the administrative part and Bloemfontein to the judicial part.
12
The country has got twelve UNESCO World Heritage sites. One is Vredefort Dome, southwest of Johannesburg. This is the oldest and largest astrobleme – the crater made by the impact of a meteorite –and dates back 2 billion years. Another site is Robben Island, o the coast of Cape Town. This is where Nelson Mandela was a prisoner for 27 years during the period of apartheid.
1 PAIRWORK Look at the photos and numbers. Can you guess what the numbers refer to?
2 Read and listen to the texts. Were your ideas correct?
11
Many di erent communities make up the population of South Africa, each with its own language and history. This is why the number of o cial languages in the country is eleven and they all have equal status. The two most common are isiZulu and isiXhosa. English is the language of politics and business.
216
Do you like adrenalin?
At 216 metres, Bloukrans Bridge is one of the world’s highest bungee jumps. The view is stunning, if you can keep your eyes open of course!
3 INVALSI Read the texts again and answer the questions. Use a maximum of four words.
1 What is English used for in South Africa?
Key p. 270
CULTURE VIDEO
1
CULTURE
2 How long was Mandela in prison for?
3 What can you do from Bloukrans Bridge?
4 What is 2 billion years old?
5 When is Freedom Day?
6 What causes so many shipwrecks off the coast?
7 What two things do Mandela and Tutu have in common?
What do you think the Big Five refers to in South Africa? Choose the correct option then watch the video or listen and check your answer.
A The five largest cities in the country
Videoscript p. 270
B The five most famous animals to see on a safari
C The five most popular tourist destinations
The South African ag was used for the rst time on April 27th 1994. This day is now celebrated as Freedom Day, remembering when the country held its rst democratic election.
This is the estimated number of shipwrecks along the coast of South Africa. Over the centuries, near the infamous Cape of Good Hope, the most southwestern point of the African continent, many sailors have lost their lives because of the violent storms and dangerous rocks.
2 Match the two parts of the sentences. There is one extra ending. Then watch or listen again and check.
1 Kruger National Park is
2 A safari is
3 You can try to see the Big Five
4 Wild animals are more active
5 The local guides can provide
6 A bush braai is
a on foot or in a vehicle.
b an adventurous type of holiday.
c early in the morning or just before dark.
d the most famous park in the country.
e a traditional South African activity.
f more popular with tourists.
g a lot of important information to visitors.
3 YOUR TURN Choose a destination in your country where you can have an adventurous or unusual type of holiday. Do some research and prepare a short presentation. Include the following information:
• where it is
• the type of holiday/ activities
• who it is suitable for
• your personal experience (if you have been there
4 ORAL PRESENTATION Give your presentation to the rest of the class.
number of Nobel Peace Prize winners that lived on the same street
Vilakazi Street in Soweto. They were Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu.
4 Be happy
Have you ever experienced stress?
Hi everyone and welcome back. So, today I want to share a project I’m working on with some of my classmates at school. A few months ago, we noticed that loads of students between the age of 12 and 15 were missing lots of classes. I’ve been at this school for two years, but I’ve never seen so many students skipping school like this. So, we decided to get to the bottom of this and find out what’s going on. Two weeks ago, we started to interview the students. There are 300 at the school. We’ve interviewed 134 since we started, and we want to get to 200. So, the project hasn’t finished yet, but we’ve already got some interesting results.
One big reason why students miss school is stress. Have you ever felt stressed? Around 30% of the students said that since the start of the academic year, they’ve stayed at home at least once because of stress. We asked them
1 GROUPWORK Look at the photos. Discuss the questions.
1 What can you see in the photos?
2 How are the people feeling?
3 Why do you think they are feeling this way?
why. Here’s what they said: 46% said they were worried about not doing well at school. Ten of these students even said they sometimes suffered from insomnia the night before a test. But marks and tests aren’t the only problem. 20% said they had other responsibilities – like training for sports competitions or taking care of younger brothers and sisters while their parents were at work.
So, how can we tackle this problem? Let’s face it, it’s not easy. In my opinion schools should organise meetings to help students learn how to manage their time better. This way, they can do their homework, chores, and the things they like doing – without feeling too stressed.
And you? What solutions can you suggest to solve this problem? Write your comments below. Thanks for watching and see you all soon!
noticed abbiamo notato were missing stavano saltando/perdendo at least almeno
2 Watch the video or listen. Does Chloe mention any of the things you discussed in ex. 1?
3
Now listen and read. For each description, write the correct number or percentage.
Students who…
1 have missed classes because they were scared of getting bad marks.
2 have missed one day of school or more because they felt nervous.
3 said they couldn’t sleep well when they had an exam.
4 study at Vera’s school.
5 Vera and her classmates will interview by the end of the project.
6 said they have to think about other important things.
BE REAL
Match these expressions with their synonyms.
1 get to the bottom (of something)
2 loads of
3 let’s face it
c d b a
4 tackle (something) a deal with b the truth is c understand d many
4 Reorder the words.
1 two / school / at / been / I’ve / for / this / years
I’ve been at the same school for two years.
2 ago / since / interviewed / we’ve / started / two / weeks / 134
We’ve interviewed 134 since we started two weeks ago.
3 the / project / hasn’t / finished / yet
The project hasn't finished yet.
4 some / results / already / got / we’ve / interesting
We’ve already got some interesting results.
BE MINDFUL
SEL Leggi la domanda e discutine in coppia.
Secondo Chloe le scuole dovrebbero organizzare dei corsi per insegnare agli studenti come gestire meglio il loro tempo per ridurre ansia e stress.
Saresti interessato/a ad assistere a corsi del genere? Perché? / Perché no? Quali altre soluzioni o iniziative proporresti?
VOCABULARY & COMMUNICATION
Healthy habits
BE
AMERICAN
Listen to the words from ex. 1 in American English.
Vocabulary Booster: pp. 180-181
1 Match the pictures to the expressions from the box. Then watch the video or listen and check your answers.
avoid screen time • get enough rest • have a healthy routine • keep fit spend time with friends • have a positive attitude • manage your time well practise meditation • have a hobby
BE CURIOUS
At the beginning of the 20th century, academics used the phrase ‘screen time’ to describe how long an actor or a product appeared on in a film or in a TV commercial. In his 1991 article, Tom Engelhardt used this phrase to refer to the time children spent watching television. Today, it also refers to the time we spend looking at an electronic device with a screen.
2 Listen again and repeat.
3 Match some of the healthy habits (A-I) in ex. 1 to their benefits (1-5).
I to improve your physical health and stay active 1 to enjoy doing something you like and express your creativity 2 to do all the things you need to do without getting too stressed 3 to take care of your eye health and sleep better 4 to share your feelings and develop stronger relationships 5 to feel more concentrated and active in the morning
4 GROUP WORK Rank the healthy habits in ex. 1 from the most to the least important. Then compare your ideas in groups. Give reasons for your choices.
Making small talk
5 Watch the video or listen. What has Ben started doing recently?
6 Now read the dialogue and complete it with the expressions from the box. Then listen again and check.
that’s right • what have you been up to nothing much • how’s it going • I heard • I guess
Chloe Hey Ben! What have you been up to?
Nothing much
Ben Hey Chloe. (1) . And you? How are you doing?
Chloe I’m alright, (2) .
Doing yoga. I guess I heard
Oh, (3) you’ve started doing yoga. Is that true?
That’s right
Ben (4) . I needed a change and yoga is helping a lot.
Chloe It’s great that you’re doing that! (5) so far?
Ben It’s going well! But I hate wearing my yoga pants!
7 Match the questions to the answers.
c Hey, I haven’t seen you for ages. What have you been up to?
How’s it going e
1 How’s volleyball going?
2 I heard you have a new hobby now. Is that true?
3 Nina! How are you doing?
4 Sarah told me you and your family spent the summer in Tenerife – is that true?
I haven’t seen you for ages. What have you been up to?
How are you? / How are you doing?
Nothing much. / Not a lot. / I’ve been busy with school/sport.
I’m alright, I guess. / Not too bad. What about you?
I heard you’ve started… / Mike told me you … – is that true? That’s right. / Yes, that’s true.
How’s it going so far? / How’s school? / How’s basketball going? It’s going well! / School’s great! / We’ve got an important match this Sunday.
a That’s right. I’ve started painting. I take classes now.
b That’s right. We had a really great time there.
c Not a lot. I’m studying for my next exam and that’s keeping me very busy.
d I’m alright, I guess. What about you?
e It’s going great.
8 PAIRWORK With your partner, create a conversation similar to the one in ex. 6. Use the situations below and the phrases in the Be Fluent box to help you.
• you have started a new course/sport
• you have been on holiday
• you have had an important test
• you have won a competition
• you got injured
• you have a new pet
Hey Mina. I haven’t seen you for ages. What have you been up to?
Hey Patrick. I’ve been busy with my swimming training.
Alan told me you won the school competition last week. Is that true? That’s right! And you? How are you doing?
I’m alright, I guess.
BE FLUENT
Food groups and eating habits
9 Match the words to the pictures. Then listen and check.
BE AMERICAN
Listen to the words from ex. 9 in American English.
BE CURIOUS
There are lots of idioms with food and in particular fruit and vegetables in English:
• He’s as cool as a cucumber. (very cool!)
• The teacher went bananas! (got angry)
• I felt like a right lemon! (embarrassed)
• You’re such a couch potato! (do no exercise and watch TV all the time)
Do you have any in your language?
dairy products • fats and oils • fruits • grains • meat and fish sweets • vegetables • legumes
10 Listen again and repeat.
11 Match the food groups in ex. 9 (A-H) to these foods. What other foods can you think of for each food group?
F apples, bananas, kiwis, pears, strawberries, oranges, peaches
1 bread, pasta, 2 broccoli, carrots, peppers, 3 cakes, cookies, doughnuts, 4 cheese, yogurt, 5 chicken, salmon, tuna, 6 olive oil, sunflower oil, lard, 7 beans, peas, lentils,
12 Match the expressions to the definitions. Can you think of an opposite for each expression?
e avoid too many sweets
1 drink fizzy drinks
2 eat junk food 3 have a balanced diet 4 skip a meal
a eating different kinds of healthy foods that help your body stay strong and healthy
b not eating breakfast, lunch, or dinner when you usually should
c enjoying drinks with bubbles that often have a lot of sugar
d eating different kinds of unhealthy foods that are bad for our body and mind
e not eating foods that are rich in sugar
13 PAIRWORK Discuss these questions with your partner.
1 Which of the food groups in ex. 9 do you eat the most every day? Which one do you eat the least?
2 Which of the habits in ex. 12 do you have? Would you like to change any? Why? / Why not?
Making offers and promises
14 Watch the video or listen. What do both Ben and Chloe promise to do?
Ben - Eat less sugary snacks. / Chloe - Eat healthier snacks.
15
Now read and complete the dialogue with the words and expressions from the box. Then listen and check.
Can I get you • I promise I’ll • ’ll start • Me too Same here • trust me
Chloe That documentary about junk food was really shocking. I promise I’ll eat healthier from now on.
I’ll stay away from sugary
snacks.
Ben (1) ! And I’ll stay away from sugary snacks, (2)
Chloe (3) ! But, speaking of food, I’m hungry now.
Ben So am I! (4) a milkshake?
Me too trust me Same here Can I get you
Chloe We said no sugary food, remember?
Ben Oh, right! Well, we (5) eating healthier... tomorrow!
Promises
I promise I’ll eat less junk food. / I won’t drink sugary drinks from now on.
Trust me, I’ll include more legumes in my diet. / I won’t do that again.
O ers
Good (idea). / Me too. / Same here.
Sure, I believe/trust you. / OK, great.
Let me carry those bags for you. / I’ll get some water for you. Oh, that’s nice of you, thanks. / Thank you, but that won’t be necessary.
Would you like a healthy snack? / Can I get you a smoothie? That would be great! / Yes, please. / No, thank you. BE FLUENT
16 Choose the alternative that is NOT correct.
A Let me help you with your homework.
B Oh, that’s nice of you, thanks! / Me too. / That would be great.
1 A Trust me / Let me / I promise, I’ll finish the project on time.
B I trust you!
2 A Let me offer you / Would you like / I’ll get you a drink.
B That’s nice of you, thanks!
3 A I promise I’ll eat more vegetables.
B Good idea. / Same here. / Thank you, but that won’t be necessary.
4 A Trust me, I’ll / I promise I won’t / I won’t drink fizzy drinks for a month!
B Same here, it’s so important.
5 A I can get you / Let me get you / Can I get you a smoothie if you like.
B Good idea!
17 PAIRWORK Brainstorm two situations in which someone offers someone else something. Then, brainstorm two situations in which someone promises someone else to do something.
18 PAIRWORK Role play the situations you have brainstormed in ex. 17 with your partner.
Would you like to have an energy drink?
I promise to have a more balanced diet. No, thanks. That’s a great idea!
Present perfect with How long, for and since
How long have you been at this school?
I’ve been at this school for two years.
We’ve interviewed 134 students since we started. LEARN IT!
• Si usa How long + Present perfect per chiedere sulla durata di un’azione o situazione iniziata nel passato e ancora in corso nel presente.
• Si usa for per indicare la durata di un’azione o situazione.
• Si usa since per indicare quando è esattamente iniziata.
1 Write for or since. for two hours
1 5 o’clock
2 three weeks
3 all my life
4 last Monday
5 I was a child 6 ages 7 ten minutes 8 2006
2 Choose the correct alternative.
Lena has lived in Sydney for / since six years.
1 I haven’t seen Mike for / since 2020.
2 Graham has been here for / since three hours.
3 My parents have worked together for / since a long time.
4 I’ve had dual nationality for / since last year.
5 Owen and Martin haven’t played tennis for / since Saturday.
6 You’ve been on the phone for / since ages!
7 Racism has been a worldwide problem for / since many years.
8 Harry has been at school for / since 8 a.m.
3 Complete the text with the Present perfect of the verbs from the box and for or since. work • not see • take • be
Kofi was born in Ethiopia in Africa but he has lived in London (1) four years. He was a refugee when he first arrived in England. He (2) in my class (3) last year and now we’re really good friends. Kofi (4) piano lessons (5) the past two years, sometimes we play songs together. His mum and dad are doctors and they (6) at the local hospital (7) about three years. One day soon, he would like to go back to Ethiopia because he (8) his grandparents (9) a very long time.
4
Write questions with How long…? and the Present perfect. study / Spanish
A How long have you studied Spanish?
B For three years.
How long have you known Erin? for for for for for for
5
1 live / your house A
How long have you lived in your house?
B Since I was born.
2 be / at school today A
How long have you been at school today?
B For seven hours!
3 wear glasses A
How long have you worn glasses?
B I’ve worn them since I was 10.
4 know / best friend A
How long have you known your best friend?
B For ten years, since nursery school!
Write questions with How long…? and answers with for and since. you / live / here
A How long have you lived here?
B I’ve lived here since 2019.
1 Rashid / work / in that office A
How long has Rashid worked in that office?
B Rashid’s worked in that office five years.
2 Nick and Milly / be / in New York A
How long have Nick and Milly been in New York?
p. 104 since since since for for for for has been since has taken hasn’t seen have worked since since since
B Nick and Milly have been in New York March.
3 Ivan / play / volleyball A
How long has Ivan played volleyball?
B Ivan has played volleyball ages.
4 you / know / Erin A
B I’ve known Erin we were at primary school.
6 Listen and check.
Present perfect with just, already and yet VIDEO MAP
The project has just started
LEARN IT!
Si usa il Present perfect con just (“appena”) nelle frasi a ermative per dire che un’azione è appena avvenuta.
Just si posiziona tra have/has e il participio passato.
Rules p. 105
7 Complete the sentences with the Present perfect of the verbs in brackets and just.
Sarah has just arrived (arrive) at the airport.
1 We (finish) our homework.
2 They (eat) lunch.
3 I (buy) a new book.
4 Tom (leave) the library.
5 The film (start).
Has the project nished yet? The project hasn’t nished yet.
LEARN IT!
• Si usa il Present perfect con yet (“già”) nelle frasi interrogative per chiedere se un’azione è già avvenuta.
• Si usa il Present perfect con yet (“non ancora”) nelle frasi negative per dire che un’azione non è ancora avvenuta.
• In entrambi i casi, yet si posiziona alla ne della domanda o della frase.
Rules p. 105
Correct the sentences.
Have you yet started the gym?
Have you started the gym yet?
1 I have tried meditation yet.
Key p. 270 have just bought has just left has just started
We’ve already got some interesting results.
LEARN IT!
• Si usa il Present perfect con already (“già”) nelle frasi a ermative per dire che un’azione è già avvenuta.
• Already si posiziona tra have/has e il participio passato.
Rules p. 105
8
Choose the correct alternative.
John has already watched / already has watched this film twice.
1 I have done already / have already done my shopping for the week.
2 They haven’t already visited / have already visited Paris three times.
3 The children have already finish / have already finished their dinner.
4 We have already met / already have met your new neighbour.
5 She have already read / has already read that book. 9
10
2 Have they reduce their screen time yet?
11
4 She haven’t started a new hobby yet.
5 Has he yet started having a healthier routine?
have just finished have just eaten yet yet just yet already already
3 We haven’t learned yet how to prepare healthy meals.
Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct place in each sentence.
Key p. 270
Don’t worry. I’ve been to the shops. (already) Don’t worry. I’ve already been to the shops.
1 Heidi’s finished her maths exam. (just)
2 I haven’t seen Rachel. (yet)
3 Lucy and Jake have seen that film. (already)
4 Dad’s done the washing-up. (just)
5 We haven’t had time to do that. (yet)
6 Have you started the German course? (yet)
Complete the sentences with just, already and yet.
I’ve just finished my homework. We can go out now.
1 Has Anna done the English test ?
2 I’ve been to Edinburgh. I went last year with my aunt.
3 Harrison has packed his suitcase – look, it’s over there.
4 Wayne hasn’t bought any Christmas presents .
5 I’ve seen Alice – she’s going to the dentist.
6 Have you thought about what to do ?
12
Reorder the words to make sentences.
just / watched / I’ve / a / film / fantastic I’ve just watched a fantastic lm.
1 haircut / my / had / a / just / brother / has
My brother has just had a haircut.
2 you / her / yet / texted / have / ?
Have you texted her yet?
3 times / France / I’ve / been / already / three / to
I’ve already been to France three times.
4 met / I / Mark / yet / haven’t
I haven’t met Mark yet.
5 your / already / school / has / sister / finished / ?
Has your sister already finished school?
6 been / holiday / Jack and Sara / on / have / yet / ?
Have Jack and Sara been on holiday yet?
13 Use the prompts to write sentences.
Lisa / be / dentist’s / (“appena”)
Lisa’s just been to the dentist’s.
1 Bob / finish / his ice cream / (“già”)
Bob has already finished his ice cream.
2 you / do / your homework / (“già”) / ?
Do you have already done your homework?
3 Benny / see / Lucy / (“appena”)
Benny has just seen Lucy.
4 Ben / find / his phone / (“non ancora”)
Ben hasn’t found his phone yet.
5 Paul / eat / lunch / (“già”) / ?
6 I / read / the first three chapter of the book / (“già”)
GRAMMAR ROUND-UP
15 K Read the interview about moving to a foreign country and choose the correct option (A, B or C). Then listen and check.
Lisa Today, I’m talking to Hoang about his family and their special story. So Hoang, start by telling us about your grandparents.
Hoang Hi Lisa, yes, well, my grandparents have been in the States (1) nearly 50 years. When they arrived from Vietnam, they went to Chicago but soon after they moved to Washington. And, erm, they (2) here (3) 1975.
Lisa Interesting. And did your grandparents speak English when they arrived?
Hoang No, not at all! They’ve (4) loads of English courses over the years but they (5) their Vietnamese accent (6) !
Lisa And what about your parents?
Hoang Well, dad and his sisters were born in Vietnam but they can’t remember anything. They (7) dual nationality since they were children. My mum is American and she’s known dad (8) they were at university.
I’ve already read the first three chapters of the book.
7 they / arrive / from the airport / (“già”)
Have they arrived from the airport yet?
8 we / decide / where to go for dinner / (“non ancora”)
We haven’t decided where to go for dinner yet.
14 Finish the sentences with your experiences. I’ve just had lunch
1 I haven’t yet.
2 I’ve just been to .
3 I’ve already learnt how to
4 My mum hasn’t yet.
5 This week I’ve already
6 I’ve just seen
Has Paul already eaten his lunch? for have lived since done yet yet just since have had haven’t lost
Lisa And have you been to Vietnam ( ?
Hoang Yes, we’ve ( been actually. It was an amazing experience! 9) 10)
A have been B from C at
1 A yet B for C already
2 A are living B have lived C has lived
3 A for B since C in
4 A did B doing C done
6 A yet B just C already
7 A has had B had C have had
8 A since B from C for
9 A already B just C yet
10 A for B yet C just
5 A has lost B have lost C haven’t lost
A presentation on a local traditional dish
LISTENING
1 Look at the photo. What dish is it? Where is it from? Can you guess any of the ingredients?
Paella
What is it? A famous rice dish
Where is it from? (1) (the Valencia region).
What are the main ingredients? Rice, vegetables, saffron and (2) or seafood
When do people eat it? With family and friends, especially during (3)
Fun facts
The word paella (4) ‘pan’ in Valencian.
2 K Now listen to a student called Sergio giving a presentation of a local traditional dish. Complete the fact file above with no more than one word for each space.
3 Complete the text with the cooking verbs from the box. Then listen again to check your answers. add • cook • go • prepare • pour
Paella – Cooking method
SPEAKING
• To prepare paella, first you cook the vegetables and meat in olive oil.
• After that, you (1) the rice and saffron, and then you (2) in water.
• Let it (3) slowly until it becomes soft.
• The last thing to (4) in is the seafood.
Audioscript p. 270 Spain chicken celebrations means add pour go cook
4 PAIRWORK What other cooking verbs do you know? Tick (✔) the verbs you know. Look up the others in a dictionary. How do you translate them into Italian?
6 YOUR TURN Give your presentation to the class. Speak for about two minutes. Key p. 271
5 Prepare a short presentation on a traditional dish you know or like. Use the questions below to help you plan what you are going to say and think about the language you need.
1 What is the name of the dish?
2 Where is it from?
3 What are the main ingredients?
4 How do you prepare it?
5 Why did you choose to talk about it?
6 Do you know of any fun facts about it?
sa ron za erano seafood frutti di mare
THINKING ROUTINE
GROUP WORK Look at the photos. Discuss the questions.
SEE What are the people doing?
THINK Why do you think they are doing it?
ME When was the last time you did something similar?
WE Why do you think people in general like doing it?
Hygge is a Danish word that describes a feeling of happiness and well-being. It comes from the verb hugga, (0) H that means ‘to make someone feel better’. Hygge has some connection with the English word hug, which already gives an idea of happiness and well-being. But there isn’t (1) . The adjectives ‘comfy’ and ‘cosy’ are probably the closest to hygge we can get.
People from Denmark have enjoyed hygge for many years, and (2) . However, since the publication of the rst book about hygge, The Little Book of Hygge: The Danish way to live well, by Meik Wiking, (3) . As Meik Wiking says in his book, hygge is about sharing simple, happy moments of the day with family and friends. It could be cooking, eating, or even just having a cup of hot chocolate or tea with them. For this reason, some people believe that (4) , because the cold weather makes staying inside feel even better. Days are dark and long in Denmark during this season, so people have found ways to turn cold and dark days into something bright and warm.
People often say that Denmark (5) . Some think this is because Danes enjoy free healthcare and good education. But Danes also (6) . They enjoy spending a lot of time together with family and friends, both indoors and in nature. That’s why I think hygge is not about simply enjoying life. It’s about sharing. It’s about bringing comfort, happiness and (7) .
Since the publication of Wiking’s book, many other books about hygge (8) . Today, many people around the world are trying to bring a bit of hygge into their own lives. So, what about you? Are you ready to make hygge a part of your everyday routine?
Give it a try, and see how it will transform your life!
well-being benessere comfy / cosy confortevole bright luminoso/gioioso healthcare sanità
LET'S START
1 You are going to read an article on the Danish concept of hygge. What do you think ‘hygge’ means?
2 Read the first paragraph of the article and check your ideas.
READING
Key p. 271
3 INVALSI Now read the whole article. Parts of the text have been removed. Choose the correct part (A-K) for each gap (1-8). There are two extra parts that you do not need to use. The first one has been done for you.
A have a strong sense of community
B winter is the perfect time for hygge
C have appeared in bookshops everywhere
D has many things in common with Norway and Sweden
E it’s a big part of their culture
4 GROUP WORK Can you easily translate hygge in your own language? How similar/different is it to the Danish hygge?
WRITING A blog post
5 Read the travel blog post quickly. What kind of event does Belen talk about?
Would you attend an event like this?
The Sabor Barranquilla food festival.
6 In which paragraph (A-D) does Belen answer these questions? Who did you go with? B
1 What did you do there?
2 Where did you go?
3 Would you recommend visiting the place? Why?
4 Who are you?
5 When did you go?
6 Why did you go?
7 Would you like to visit the event again?
8 What did you enjoy the most about the event?
7 YOUR TURN Write your own blog about a food festival or other type of festival you have been to. Answer the questions in ex. 6 and organise the information in a logical way. Use the phrases highlighted in the blog to help you.
F are famous for their physical strength
G is one of the happiest countries in the world
H an old Norwegian word
I an exact translation for hygge in English
J it has become popular in other countries, too
K peace into everyday moments
Hey travellers!
A I’m Belen, I’m 14 years old, and I love exploring new places.
B Last month, my family and I visited the town of Barranquilla here in Colombia. We went to the Sabor Barranquilla food festival, which is one of the biggest food festivals here in the country. It happens every August, and we’ve always wanted to go. Now, we finally have!
C At the festival, we tried so many delicious foods from the Caribbean coast. There were arepas, empanadas, seafood, and lots of tropical fruits. I loved the arroz con coco (coconut rice) and patacones (fried bananas). There were also cooking shows where famous chefs showed how to make traditional Colombian dishes. It was amazing!
D I’ve already told all of my friends about Barranquilla and the festival. It was a fun and tasty experience! It was so amazing that I can’t wait to go again next year! If you are in Colombia or travelling around the country and you like learning about local food traditions, then Sabor Barranquilla is your next stop!
Happy travels everyone!
To write a friendly and engaging blog, use “you” to talk directly to the readers, and positive adjectives that describe places and feelings (e.g. amazing, lively, wonderful etc.).
Have you ever experienced stress?
1 Completa il riassunto del vlog di Chloe a pagina 88 con le parole nel riquadro. Poi guarda o ascolta di nuovo e controlla le tue risposte.
classmates • interview • once • project responsibilities • stress • suffered • time • worried
Chloe and her classmates are working on a school (1) . A large number of students are missing many classes. They want to (2) as many students as they can to find out why. They have interviewed 134 of 300 students now. From the interviews, they have discovered that (3) is the main reason why students stay home. About 30% of students have stayed home because of it at least (4) . Among them, 46% are (5) about not doing well at school, and some even said they have (6) from insomnia before a test. Other (7) , like sports training or taking care of brothers and sisters, are also important reasons. Chloe suggests that schools should teach students how to manage their (8) better to reduce stress.
MY GLOSSARY
1
Ascolta e ripeti. Poi scrivi la traduzione. Healthy habits and eating habits avoid junk food avoid screen time
evitare cibo spazzatura
evitare il tempo passato davanti gli schermi
avoid too many sweets drink (enough) water get enough rest have a balanced diet have a healthy routine have a hobby have a positive attitude keep fit manage your time well never skip a meal practise meditation spend time with friends
Food groups dairy products
fats and oils
fruits grains legumes
meat and fish
sweets vegetables
evitare troppi dolci latticini grassi e oli frutta cereali legumi carne e pesce dolci verdure bere (abbastanza) acqua riposare abbastanza avere una dieta bilanciata avere una routine sana avere un hobby essere positivi tenersi in forma/allenati gestire bene il proprio tempo non saltare mai un pasto meditare passare il tempo con gli amici
2 BE REAL Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
1 I didn’t want to think about it, but I had to let’s face it / get to the bottom of it and resolve the problem.
2 Losing a race isn’t fun, but it’s not the end of the world. So, let’s face it / tackle and stay positive.
3 We need to tackle / loads of the challenges that face young people.
4 We have loads of / to tackle food for the party, so don’t bring anything.
Adjectives to talk about your mood afraid confident confused embarrassed energetic calm fed up jealous lonely exhausted optimistic pleased relaxed sorry nervous upset
avere paura che fiducioso/a confuso/a imbarazzato/a energico/a, vitale calmo/a stufo/a geloso/a solo/a esausto/a ottimista contento/a rilassato/a dispiaciuto/a nervoso/a, stressato/a turbato/a
VOCABULARY MAPS
2 Completa la mappa con i verbi mancanti.
Food and sleep
have a balanced diet water junk food enough rest never a meal too many sweets
Other
HEALTHY HABITS
3 Completa la mappa con i nomi dei gruppi alimentari.
apples, bananas fruits broccoli, carrots
have a hobby screen time your time well a positive attitude fit time with family and friends meditation a healthy routine
fats and oils dairy products skip
FOOD GROUPS
bread, pasta drink avoid avoid avoid have keep spend practise have manage get vegetables meat and fish sweets legumes grains
chicken, tuna olive oil, lard beans, peas cheese, yogurt
cakes, doughnuts
4 Aggiungi altri nomi di cibi che conosci alla mappa dell’es. 3.
Healthy habits
1 Abbina le due parti delle espressioni che indicano alcune buone abitudini.
c have a enough rest
1 spend b fit
2 practise c a hobby
3 avoid d your time well
4 get e a healthy routine
5 have f a positive attitude
6 keep g screen time
7 manage h time with family and friends
Making small talk
4 Abbina le domande alle risposte corrette.
d How are you doing?
1 I heard you’ve started playing tennis.
2 How’s school going?
3 What have you been up to?
4 How are your French lessons going?
a That’s right. And I love it!
b I’ve been busy with sport.
c Really well! They’re lots of fun.
8 have i meditation
2 Abbina le definizioni alle espressioni dell’es. 1. Do mental exercises to relax. practise meditation
1 Do activities with people you care about.
f spend time with family and friends
2 Do something you enjoy in your free time.
d I’m alright, I guess.
e It’s going great!
5 Riordina il dialogo. Poi ascolta e controlla.
A Not too bad. I heard you’ve started playing basketball – is that true?
A How’s that going so far?
3 Don’t use the phone, TV or computer too much.
4 Do physical exercise to stay healthy.
avoid screen time keep fit
5 Follow a regular plan for a healthy life.
have a healthy routine
6 Plan your day so you can finish your tasks on time.
manage your time well
7 Sleep as much as you need each night.
get enough rest
8 Stay happy and hope for the best.
have a positive attitude
3 Completa il post con le parole mancanti.
Are you looking for ways to feel better and full of energy?
Start by building a healthy routine that works for YOU!
Avoid (1) before bed – this will help you (2)
Stay active to (3)
have a hobby screen time get enough rest keep fit
6
1 A I haven’t seen you for ages! What have you been up to?
B Nothing much. I’ve been busy with school. How are you?
B That’s right! I joined the team last month.
B Great! We’ve got an important match this weekend.
C’è un errore in ogni frase del dialogo. Trovalo e correggilo.
A I haven’t seen you for times!
I haven’t seen you for ages!
B Yeah, it’s been long. What you been up to?
Yeah, it’s been long. What have you been up to?
A I’m alright, guess. What about you?
I’m alright, I guess. What about you?
B Not many. I’ve been busy with school.
(4) with family
Spend time positive attitude
Have a (5) to stay strong also when things get hard!
Manage your time well
(6) between school, chores and fun!
(7) to relax after a busy day
Practise meditation
Don’t forget – you also need to (8) you enjoy doing!
have a hobby
#HealthyHabits #WellnessTips #StayPositive
Not much. I’ve been busy with school.
7 Immagina di incontrare un/a amico/a che non vedi da molto tempo. Scrivi un breve dialogo come quelli degli esercizi precedenti. Includi almeno 5 delle seguenti espressioni.
Students’ own answers
I haven’t seen you for ages! What have you been up to? • I heard you’ve started … How’s … going? • It’s going well! • Not too bad.
Food groups and eating habits
8 Abbina le due parti delle frasi.
c It’s okay to eat sweets sometimes,
1 My favourite fruits are
2 If you skip a meal
3 It’s important to avoid
4 Milk, cheese, and yogurt are
5 Beans, lentils, and peas are
a you might feel hungry and tired later in the day.
b all dairy products.
c but you can’t have lollipops every day.
d pineapple and grapes.
e legumes.
f too many sweets, because they can be bad for your teeth.
9 Completa il post con le espressioni nel riquadro.
legumes • skip a meal • fats and oils dairy products • fruits • vegetables
Making offers and promises
11 Abbina le frasi alla categoria corretta (A-D).
A Making offers • B Making promises
C Accepting and refusing offers
D Responding to promises
D That’s a smart choice. They’re so full of sugar.
1 I’ll get some water for you.
2 Thanks, but that won’t be necessary.
3 I won’t skip meals again.
4 Trust me, I’ll include more legumes in my diet.
5 Yes, please!
6 Good idea. I’ll try to do the same.
7 Let me carry those bags for you.
12 Completa i mini dialoghi con le frasi dell’es. 11.
A Let me carry those bags for you. They look heavy.
B Oh, that’s nice of you, thanks.
1 A You must be thirsty after playing basketball.
I’ll get some water for you
B Thank you!
I’m Selene, nutritionist and food expert.
Teenagers often ask me which food groups are healthy and which ones are bad. All of them are healthy – if we know how to eat them! For example, dairy products like milk, cheese and yogurt are all good. But we shouldn’t eat too much cheese, because it has a lot of fat.
Some (1) are also good, especially the ones in olive oil and nuts. But too much fat from fried foods or butter is bad.
(2) and (3) give us lots of vitamins, which help our body stay strong so we don’t get ill.
(4) contain vital minerals and nutrients and lots of protein and carbohydrates, so they also give us energy and help us grow strong. And let me remind you to eat enough – never (5) , not even when you’re late for class or you have a lot of homework to do!
2 A I’ve made some sandwiches. Would you like one?
Thanks, but that won’t be necessary
B . I’m not hungry right now.
3 A I promise I’ll eat less junk food.
B
Good idea. I’ll try to do the same
4 A I won’t drink fizzy drinks from now on.
B
That’s a smart choice. They’re so full of sugar
COMMUNICATION ROUND-UP
13 Ascolta le frasi e scegli la risposta corretta (A, B o C).
Audioscript p. 271
A Yes, please!
B I love fruits!
C That’s really good for you!
1 A You should eat more vegetables.
B That’s a smart choice!
C That’s nice of you, thanks!
2 A That won’t be necessary.
B Trust me, I’ll do it.
C Same here.
3 A Sure, I trust you!
B Thanks, but I’m trying to avoid sweets.
C That won’t be necessary.
4 A Let me get you a burger.
B That’s a good idea!
C That’s nice of you, thanks.
Present perfect with for and since
LEARN IT!
Si usa il Present perfect + for o since per indicare la durata di un’azione o una situazione iniziata nel passato e che continua nel presente.
• Si usa for per indicare tutta la durata dell’azione o della situazione.
My school has been open for ten years.
• Si usa since per indicare il momento esatto in cui è iniziata l’azione o la situazione.
I’ve known Giacomo since Primary school.
Si usa How long per chiedere da quanto tempo è iniziata un’azione o una situazione. How long have you lived in this house?
BE CAREFUL
2 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
We’ve been in the shopping centre for / since two hours and you haven’t bought anything!
1 Paul has been upset for / since he started school. Do you think somebody is bullying him?
2 The kids have played video games for / since three hours and they don’t want to stop.
3 You and Charlene look happy together. How long / How much have you known her?
4 I haven’t played in a match for / since last May. I’m not ready for the tournament.
5 How long / How much has Philippa been out? Shouldn’t she be back by now?
6 We’ve had this computer for / since twelve years. It’s time to buy a new one.
Ricorda che in italiano, a differenza dell’inglese che usa il Present perfect, si usa di solito il presente per parlare di un’azione o una situazione che è iniziata nel passato ed è ancora in corso. La forma di durata con for e since si traduce in italiano con “da”.
‘How long have you studied French?’
‘I’ve studied French for two years.’
“Da quanto tempo studi francese?”
“Studio francese da due anni.”
1 For o since? Completa la tabella con le espressioni di tempo nel riquadro.
four hours • October 2016 • three years yesterday • three hours ago • one week seven o’clock • a long time • all my life I was five • two or three minutes • last Sunday for since four hours October 2016
3 Completa il dialogo con how long, for o since.
Mick How long have you been ill?
three years for for since since since Since How long how long one week a long time all my life two or three minutes yesterday three hours ago seven o’clock I was five last Sunday
Greg I’ve been in bed (1) a couple of days, but I’ve felt unwell (2) last Monday.
Mick I know, we didn’t see you at school.
Greg Have you done a lot of new stuff at school (3) I’ve been away?
Mick Not really, we went on with the project on human migrations.
Greg So, how are things with you?
Mick Good. Listen, there’s this new documentary with Leo DiCaprio. I haven’t seen a good one (4) a long time and I really want to see it with you.
Greg (5) has it been on?
Mick (6) Tuesday, and it is on for two more days.
Greg What a pity! I can’t come!
Mick Come on, (7) have you been in bed?
Greg I told you, (8) the middle of the week. Sorry, but I really can’t go out. Doctor’s orders!
4 Ascolta e controlla.
5 K Completa l’email con una parola per ogni spazio.
6 Completa le frasi con just, already e yet. I’ve just been to the supermarket. Can you help me with the bags?
Hi Jenny, I haven’t heard from you (1) a long time. We haven’t spoken on the phone (2) August and you didn’t reply to my last email. (3) you lost my email address? How are things with you? Have you done any interesting things (4) the beginning of the school year?
I have (5) busy with my ballet lessons (6) two months now. I (7) gone to ballet classes every day (8) the middle of September and we are almost ready. Write soon.
Love, Maggie
New message Send
1 ‘Have you finished your project on multiculturalism ?’ ‘No, not .’
2 I’ve had lunch and now I’m really full!
3 Hi Mark! Have you arrived?!
4 Have you seen Beth’s new puppy ?
5 My dad bought a new car last week but he’s had an accident!
6 The refugees haven’t found anywhere to live
7
Present perfect with just, already and yet
LEARN IT!
Spesso il Present perfect è accompagnato dagli avverbi just, already e yet.
• Si usa just + il Present perfect per dire che un’azione è stata appena compiuta. The post has just arrived
• Si usa already + il Present perfect per dire che un’azione è già avvenuta. Dad has already left for work.
• Si usa yet + il Present perfect nelle domande per chiedere se un’azione è già stata compiuta.
• Si usa not… yet + il Present perfect nelle frasi negative per dire che un’azione non è ancora avvenuta.
‘Have you been to the new Thai restaurant yet?’ ‘No, I wanted to go but I haven’t been yet.’
Completa il dialogo con le frasi a-g nell’ordine corretto.
Josh Hi Ros. I didn’t know you liked music festivals. How long have you been here?
Rosy I’ve just arrived. But Ben has already been here for three days.
Josh Has Ben finished his music degree yet?
Rosy (1)
Josh What instruments does he play?
Rosy (2)
He plays the conga drum, an African percussion instrument.
Rosy (3)
No, he hasn’t. He hasn’t taken his final exam yet.
Josh Has he made any plans for his future career yet?
He wants to form a band and he’s already found three people.
Josh It sounds good.
Rosy (4)
But he hasn’t found any money yet. He needs some sponsors.
Josh Oh well, I hope it all goes well for him.
Rosy (6)
Me too. I’ve always admired him a lot.
Josh Is your friend Sandra here today?
Rosy (7)
No, she isn’t. She’s already left. She was very tired. already yet since since Have have been
a He plays the conga drum, an African percussion instrument.
Ascolta e controlla. for for since yet yet yet just just
b I’ve just arrived. But Ben has already been here for three days.
But he hasn’t found any money yet. He needs some sponsors.
He wants to form a band and he’s already found three people. No, he hasn’t. He hasn’t taken his final exam yet. No, she isn’t. She’s already left. She was very tired. Me too. I’ve always admired him a lot.
9 Completa le frasi con il participio passato dei verbi nel riquadro e gli avverbi tra parentesi.
eat • have • finish • come back come • use • listen
‘Have you already used this program?’
‘Yes, I’ve just used it in the IT lab.’ (just)
1 ‘Have you been to the art exhibition?’
‘Yes, I’ve back from there.’ (just)
2 ‘Do you want to listen to this actor’s podcast?’
GRAMMAR ROUND-UP
11 Scegli l’opzione corretta (A, B o C).
Anna Jake, have you seen Ms Nelson yet?
Jake No, not (1) . I’ve been in the library (2) 9 o’clock. Why?
Anna She’s looking for students to join the integration project. A big group of new students from West Africa have (3) joined school and they need help finding their way around and stuff.
‘No, I’ve to it three times.’ (already)
3 ‘Can I talk to you now?’
‘No, I haven’t this exercise .’ (yet)
4 ‘Have you the results of the science test?’ (already)
‘Yes, I got the results today.’
5 ‘Has Elsa been to school this week?’
‘No, she has gone to visit her grandma in Albania and she hasn’t .’ (yet)
6 ‘Hi Josh, you’re home early. Are you hungry?’
‘No, thanks, I’ve in the school canteen.’ (already)
10 Leggi le situazioni e scrivi delle frasi con
il Present perfect e just, already o yet.
The post office always opens at 9 a.m. It’s 9.03 a.m. now.
The post office has just opened.
1 Tom always finishes work at 5. It’s 5.05.
Tom
2 Sarah usually does her homework by 7 p.m. It’s 6.30 p.m.
Sarah .
3 The train normally arrives at 3 p.m. It’s 2.55 p.m. now.
The train
4 Jack always eats lunch at 1 p.m. It’s 1.15 p.m.
Jack .
5 Mary usually cleans her room on Saturday morning. It’s Saturday afternoon.
Mary
6 The movie starts at 8 p.m. It’s 7.55 p.m.
The movie .
7 Peter typically goes to bed at 10 p.m. It’s 10.05 p.m.
Peter
8 The shop opens at 9 a.m. It’s 9 a.m. now.
The shop .
Jake Right. Sounds cool. I love learning about new cultures and traditions – did you know that I’ve studied Chinese (4) three years? Anyway, have you (5) signed up?
hasn’t finished her homework yet hasn’t arrived yet has already eaten lunch has already cleaned her room hasn’t started yet has just gone to bed has just opened come back yet yet already listened
Anna Yeah. I’ve (6) spoken to her. She hasn’t decided when to start (7) . A yet B already C just
1 A just B already C yet
2 A at B for C since
3 A just B yet C already
4 A on B for C since
5 A already B just C yet
6 A yet B just C already
7 A for B yet C just
12 Ascolta il dettato e scrivi il testo.
5 Mio fratello non ha ancora iniziato a gestire meglio il suo tempo. just come yet yet since just just for already finished already had already eaten has just finished work
13 Traduci le frasi.
Audioscript p. 271 Key p. 271
Abbiamo appena guardato un programma su alcune abitudini salutari.
We’ve just watched a programme about some healthy habits.
1 Sei già stato in palestra?
2 Ho già fatto i compiti.
3 Rashid vive in Inghilterra da sei mesi.
4 Siamo in quest’aula da stamattina.
READING
1 Leggi velocemente il testo e abbina i titoli nel riquadro ai paragrafi.
Listen to your body • Different bodies need different amounts Our daily needs • The question and answer • Good for our defence system
1
The question and answer
As teenagers, we always hear people say that we need to eat well. But why is it so important?
A balanced diet is the key to staying healthy, having energy, and even feeling good mentally.
2
Our daily needs
First, let’s talk about macronutrients. This is the main stuff our bodies need every day – carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Carbohydrates give us energy. Proteins help us grow and repair our muscles – ‘Healthy’ fats, such as those from avocados or nuts, are also very important. But we should avoid too much unsaturated fats, like those from fried foods and sweets.
3
Good for our defence system
4
Secondly, we can’t forget micronutrients. These include vitamins and minerals. For example, vitamin C (in oranges) helps our immune system,
h Eating well is very important because it helps us
1 We should also eat
2 We should avoid
3 Some fruits, vegetables and dairy products improve
4 We usually need
5 It’s important to understand
LISTENING
Why Having a Balanced Diet is Important
By: A teenager
5
and calcium (in milk) makes our bones strong. Iron (in spinach or red meat) helps carry oxygen in our blood.
Different bodies need different amounts
We also need to pay attention to the calories our bodies absorb every day. The average teenager needs about 2,000 to 2,500 calories each day, but it depends on a wide variety of factors, such as your age, sex, weight, height and your activity level. Eating too much or too little can cause problems.
In the end, a balanced diet helps us stay active, concentrate at school, and feel happier. So, next time you reach for snacks, think about what your body really needs!
muscles muscoli nuts frutta secca immune system sistema immunitario bones ossa
2 Ora leggi di nuovo e ascolta il testo. Abbina le due parti delle frasi. Ci sono due parti finali in più.
a what our bodies need when we are hungry.
b bread and pasta to avoid getting too many calories.
c about 2,000 to 2,500 calories a day, depending on our bodies.
d too much unhealthy fats and sugar.
e healthy fats, like those in avocados and nuts.
f our immune system, bones and the oxygen levels in our blood.
g that eating too much saturated fats can cause health problems.
h stay and feel healthy.
3 Ascolta quattro ragazzi parlare delle loro abitudini alimentari. Abbina i ragazzi (1-4) alle domande. Ci sono due domande in più.
Which speaker …
a has recently included more foods in their diet?
b still finds it difficult to eat vegetables today?
c changed their habits because someone told them to?
d doesn’t skip a meal anymore?
e has problems when they eat with people they don’t know?
f doesn’t eat out as often as they did in the past?
VOCABULARY
1 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
1 Too much rest / screen time can hurt your eyes.
2 When you don’t get / keep enough rest, it’s hard to concentrate at school.
3 Having / Avoiding a healthy routine also means going to bed at the same time every night.
4 Playing sports with your friends is a fun way to practise / keep fit.
5 You should manage / spend time with family.
6 Having a positive / healthy attitude helps you stay strong when things are difficult.
7 To keep / manage your time well, make a list of what you need to do each day.
8 You can practise / have meditation to calm down.
2 Abbina le due parti delle frasi.
1 Yogurt is a tasty
2 Healthy fats and oils,
3 Fruits are a sweet
4 Grains like rice, bread,
5 Chicken and salmon
6 Vegetables like carrots, peppers,
7 Legumes like beans, lentils,
a and broccoli are important for staying healthy.
b and healthy snack you can eat any time of day.
c like olive oil, are good for your body in small amounts.
d and peas are great for giving you energy and protein.
e are examples of meat and fish.
f dairy product that’s also good for your stomach.
g and pasta give you energy to stay active. GRAMMAR
3 Completa le frasi con for o since.
1 I’ve been a vegetarian five years.
2 ‘How long have you had this restaurant?’ ‘ 2015.’
3 We have included more vegetables and grains into our diet learning about nutrition.
4 I have avoided fizzy drinks two months now.
5 I have eaten less junk food last summer.
6 ‘How long have you practised yoga?’ ‘ two months.’
4 Scrivi delle domande con How long e il Present perfect.
Key p. 271 for for For Since since since
1 practise meditation?
2 live in the countryside?
5 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
3 stop eating red meat?
4 be a vegan?
1 We have just / yet made a smoothie with vegetables and fruits. Would you like some?
2 Have you had breakfast just / yet?
3 I have just / already had my five portions of fruits and vegetables today.
4 Have you tried the veggie burger recipe yet / just?
5 I’ve already / just been to the food market twice this morning.
6 I’ve just / already met Henry on the way to school.
7 We’ve just / yet been to the supermarket.
6 Usa i suggerimenti per scrivere delle frasi con il Present perfect.
Key p. 271
1 mum / just / start / a meditation course
2 I / yet / be / to the gym / today
3 Henry / already / have / dinner
4 my parents / just / come back / from their holidays
5 you / yet / try / that workout / ?
6 I know I should avoid too much screen time. You / already / tell / me / a million times
COMMUNICATION
7 Completa i mini dialoghi con delle espressioni appropriate.
1 A I haven’t seen you for ages! What have you been up to?
B I’ve been busy with school.
2 A a vegetable smoothie?
Nothing much. Would you like
B That would be great!
3 A , I won’t skip breakfast again!
B That’s a smart choice!
4 A Giselle told me you’ve started playing rugby –
B That’s right. It started a couple of months ago. 8
Trust me / I promise is that right?
Talking with a friend
1 Ascolta una conversazione tra Fabian e Maria. Che cosa Fabian ha appena iniziato a fare?
Audioscript p. 271
Fabian has just started eating more fruits and vegetables and having a more balanced diet.
2 Ora abbina gli estratti dalla conversazione dell’es. 1 con quello che Fabian e/o Maria stanno facendo. a discussing a new habit • b making a promise • c accepting an offer • d making small talk • e making an offer
Hey Maria! I haven’t seen you for ages. What have you been up to?
Hi Fabian! Not much. I’ve been busy with school and volleyball. How about you?
How long have you done that?
I’ve actually just started. I’ve done it only for a couple of weeks, but I can already see the di erence.
That’s really good. I need to do that, too. I promise I’ll have a more balanced diet myself from now on.
Why not start now? Can I get you a healthy snack?
Oh, that’s nice of you, thanks!
3 PAIRWORK Lavorate a coppie. Preparatevi a rappresentare una conversazione simile a quella dell’es. 1. Includete i seguenti punti (non necessariamente nello stesso ordine):
• make small talk
• discuss a healthy habit
• make an offer
• accept/refuse the offer
• make a promise
• agree on doing something together
4 GROUP WORK Rappresentate la conversazione che avete preparato di fronte a un’altra coppia. Poi scambiatevi di ruolo. Mentre ascoltate la conversazione dell’altra coppia prendete appunti per rispondere alle domande del box di autovalutazione.
5 GROUP WORK Ora rispondete alle domande del box. Poi confrontatevi dapprima con il/la vostro/a compagno/a e poi con l’altra coppia. Siete d’accordo? Perché? / Perché no? Ripetete l’attività se necessario.
SELF-FEEDBACK
Durante la conversazione con il/la mio/a compagno/a: ho usato correttamente il Present perfect sia con already, just e yet che con for e since ho usato correttamente il lessico per parlare di abitudini salutari e abitudini alimentari. ho usato le espressioni corrette per fare conversazione spicciola, fare o erte e promesse e rispondere a queste.
PEER FEEDBACK
La conversazione dei miei compagni: è stata chiara e facile da capire. ha incluso tutti i punti dell’es. 3. ha utilizzato il lessico e le espressioni apprese nel corso dell’unità.
CULTURE
1 Look at the photos and complete the captions with the words from the box.
famous singers • winter sport unofficial dish • maple syrup
What is Canada famous for?
Often called Canada’s (1) , poutine originated in Quebec. It’s a plate of French fries covered in gravy and cheese curds.
languages spoken in Montreal?
French and English
Canada is the largest producer of (3) , and the province of Quebec produces nearly three quarters of the world’s supply
Ice hockey is Canada’s official (2) , even if it is played all year.
A lot of (4) are Canadian - The Weeknd, Céline Dion, Justin Bieber, Avril Lavigne, Shawn Mendes, Alanis Morissette, Drake…
Multicultural Montreal
As well as the First Nations people, the French, English, Scottish and Irish also decided to settle along the shores of the St Lawrence River in the eastern part of Canada, where today we can nd the city of Montreal. It remains a truly cosmopolitan city, with 120 di erent ethnic communities, and it is the second largest francophone city after Paris. This is because the province of Quebec, where Montreal is located, is the French speaking part of Canada. It has French as its o cial language and around 94% of the local population speaks French, or the local variety Québécois French, and is usually bilingual in English too.
The province of Quebec is also famous for being the inventor of poutine. In the past, other Canadians thought the dish was a horrible combination, but now it is popular everywhere.
Montreal is vibrant and colourful; it is one of the world’s most liveable cities and it also is a great place for university students. The city is a mix of modern and 17th and 18th century architecture, with great green spaces too, like Mount Royal Park and the botanical garden. However, there is also a large part of the city that cannot be seen above ground. The underground network, or RÉSO, is a system of interconnected shopping centres with walkways to restaurants, hotels, o ce buildings and residential complexes, as well as the city’s metro stations. There are 33 km of tunnels, 190 access points to the outside and around 500,000 people use this network every day all year round. It’s particularly useful during the long winter months to avoid the snow and extreme cold, as temperatures are often as low as -15°C.
supply provviste liveable vivibile
CULTURE
CULTURE VIDEO
1 Watch the video or listen about Canada and complete the sentences with the missing information.
Videoscript p. 272
1 Montreal is
A the capital of the province of Quebec.
B located on the St Lawrence River.
C bigger than Paris.
D in the English-speaking part of Canada.
2 What does Montreal have a reputation for?
A bad food
B a large number of universities
C lots of green spaces
D good quality of life
Citizenship: Melting pot
1 Canada is smaller than , the largest country in the world.
2 There are 14 in Canada.
3 The Rockies are the famous .
4 St Lawrence and Mackenzie are
Russia provinces –40°C
6 Two national symbols of Canada are the .
beaver and maple leaf mountain range (major/two) rivers
5 Temperatures in winter can be as low as .
2 YOUR TURN Choose a city in your country and prepare a short presentation. Include the following information.
• its location and origins / history
• the number of inhabitants
• the main tourist attractions
3 ORAL PRESENTATION Present your city to the rest of the class.
3 INVALSI Read the text again and choose the correct option.
3 The underground network
A is closed during the summer.
B allows people to travel more quickly around the city.
C makes moving around the city more comfortable in winter.
D has the biggest shopping centres in the city.
4 What is the purpose of the text?
A To describe the history of Montreal.
B To explain the different areas of Canada.
C To convince people to move to Montreal.
D To provide an introduction to what Montreal offers.
My daily check-in
STEP 1 – LET’S START
1 Choose the correct alternatives to make statements that are true for you.
1 I always / sometimes / rarely / never take time to reflect on my emotions.
2 I usually focus on the negative / positive things that happen every day.
3 I think that meditation is useful / useless for me.
4 I have a lot of / some / a little / no time for myself every day.
2 Listen to Oscar talking about his daily check-in. How often does he do it?
Audioscript p. 272
A Every day.
B Once a week.
C Four or five times a week.
3 Tick (✔) the benefits Oscar mentions. Then listen again and check.
Manage stress
Identify and understand your feelings
Manage your emotions
Reduce anxiety
Build confidence
Improve sleep and concentration
STEP 2 – THINK
4 PAIRWORK Look at the list of possible benefits of a daily check-in in ex. 3. Which are important for you? Why? Put them in order of importance for you and compare your answers with a partner.
5 PAIRWORK Complete the mind map with different activities that you could do for your daily check-in.
STEP 3 - YOUR TURN
6 Decide when is a good time for you to do your daily check-in. Then prepare a list of questions, options or activities to help you focus on yourself for five minutes every day.
7 Present your daily check-in to the class. If you want, you can make a short video of your presentation and share it with your classmates.
SKILLS WITH OSCAR
Students’ own answers
Stressmanagement
My Daily Check-In
1 How am I feeling today?
Happy. Excited.
Calm. Tired. Stressed. Sad.
Other:
2 What is one good thing that happened today?
3 What is one small thing I can do for myself right now?
Take three deep breaths.
Go for a short walk.
Listen to a favourite song.
Draw or doodle for a few minutes.
Other:
4 Reflections 5 Today was
DAILY CHECK-IN
Write down my dreams, In the morning
Before bed
Write my thoughts in a journal,
Do deep-breathing exercises, During the day
Our stress management day
LET’S START
1 PAIRWORK Discuss these questions with a partner.
1 Have you ever taken part in a lesson or course about teenagers and stress?
2 If so, who organised it? How was it organised? What did you learn?
3 Do you think lessons or meetings on this topic can help? Why? / Why not?
INPUT
2 Listen to a teacher talking about a stress management day she is organising for students at school. Complete the missing information.
When
Who is it for
Friday, April 19th
students (1) years old
Organisation (2) a.m. to 12.30 p.m. talk by a psychologist, video and (3) with youth counsellors
2.00 p.m. to 4.00 p.m. student-led group activities maximum (4) students per group in the gym, (5) , classrooms and sports field
OUTPUT
3 GROUP WORK You are in charge of organising an activity for the afternoon session that can help students learn relaxation techniques and how to deal with the stresses of teenage life (school, friendships, family, relationships etc.). Discuss and plan an activity, using the ideas from the box, or your own ideas, and the questions below to help you.
daily check-in routine • mindfulness activity positive affirmations • mood tracker meditation • happy place visualisation
1 How long is the activity?
2 How many people can take part?
3 Which area of the school do you need for the activity?
4 Do you need any material or equipment?
5 Is it accessible and suitable for all students?
6 How are you going to organise the activity?
PEER FEEDBACK
4 GROUP WORK Present your activity to another group and listen to their presentation. Then answer these questions about the other group’s activity.
1 Is the activity clear and well organised?
2 Does it include all the points from ex. 3?
3 Does it include any original ideas from the group?
AI ACTIVITY
Use a generative AI program and brainstorm other possible ideas.
Step 1 Provide a generative AI program with an outline of the task using the information in ex. 2 and 3.
Step 2 Add your plan and ask for suggestions for improvements to the idea and the language used.
Step 3 Evaluate the changes and, if necessary, rework your plan.
5
Use tech wisely
Ben’s vlog
What will happen to us with AI?
Hi everyone! Today, I want to talk about something that is changing the world – Artificial Intelligence, or AI. You’ve probably heard a lot about AI, especially as of late, but AI isn’t really that new. It started in the 1950s. The expression ‘Artificial Intelligence’ was used for the first time in 1956 by John McCarthy, an American computer scientist. Since then, AI has gained a lot of ground. In 1997, an IBM supercomputer called Deep Blue won against world chess champion Garry Kasparov. And in 2022, ChatGPT was launched.
Today, AI is used in many areas, such as medicine, education, and video games. But not everything about AI is perfect. For example, a lot of energy is needed to power AI systems, and a lot of water must be used for cooling the machines. To give you an example, a generative AI system may use 33 times more energy to complete a task if compared to a standard search engine. That’s a lot of electricity!
But there’s more to it. On one hand, many jobs that were done by humans in the past are now done by machines. In many factories, cars are built by robots instead of workers. And in offices, some customer service jobs are done by chatbots that answer questions online, rather than real people. At the end of the day, even though AI is making some jobs easier, it’s also destroying others. On the other hand, AI-generated medical solutions can improve and even save lives. So, while AI is definitely a great invention, it also presents very serious challenges
That gives us a lot of food for thought, because we seriously need to reflect on the future of AI and our future with it. So, what do you think? What will happen to us with AI? Let me know your thoughts in the comments!
VIDEO WORK 5
1 GROUP WORK Look at the photos. Discuss the questions.
1 What can you see in the photos?
2 What are the people doing?
2
3 Which of these situations are common today? Do you think the other situations will be common in the future? Why? / Why not?
Watch the video or listen. Is Ben interested in the positive or negative effects of AI? Why?
Now read and listen again. Answer the questions. When did people hear the phrase ‘Artificial Intelligence’ for the first time? In 1956.
1 In which areas do people use AI today?
2 How much energy does a generative AI system use to complete a task if compared to a standard search engine?
3 What does Ben say about the impact of AI on people’s jobs?
4 What advantage of using AI does Ben mention at the end?
BE REAL
Match the expressions to their Italian translations.
1 as of late
2 gain a lot of ground
3 at the end of the day
4 food for thought a fare grandi progressi
b in fin dei conti
c qualcosa che dà molto da pensare d ultimamente
4 Complete the sentences with no more than three words. Then check your answers using the text.
1 The expression ‘Artificial Intelligence’ for the first time in 1956.
2 AI in many areas.
3 A lot of energy to power AI systems.
4 Many jobs that humans in the past machines today.
5 Many cars robots instead of workers. d a b c
is used was used is needed were done by are done by are built by
BE FORWARD-THINKING
SEL Leggi la domanda e discutine in coppia.
Ben parla delle conseguenze del progresso delle intelligenze artificiali. Come cambierà il mondo? Credi che i vantaggi saranno superiori agli svantaggi? Perché? / Perché no?
Key p. 272
Keys p. 272
BE AMERICAN
Technology
1 Match the icons to the verbs. Then watch the video or listen, and check your answers.
type • search • download • swipe • scroll • log in • update charge • switch on • plug in
Listen to the words from ex. 1 in American English. log in plug in scroll type switch on update
BE CAREFUL
• Le parole charge, download, search and update sono sia verbi che nomi. The download will start in 30 seconds.
• I nomi che corrispondono ai verbi log in e log out sono login and logout The last login was recorded at 2.00 p.m.
• Il nome per plug in è plug-in ma ha un significato completamente diverso: plug-in = a small computer programme.
2 Listen again and repeat.
3 Match the definitions to the verbs from ex. 1.
to move your finger across a screen to see something or change pages swipe
1 to take a file or program from the Internet and put it on your computer or phone
2 to write words on a computer or phone
3 to look for information on the Internet or in a document
4 to move your finger up or down on a screen to see more information
5 to enter your username and password to start using a website or app
6 to get the latest version of a program or app
7 to give power to a device like a phone or computer by connecting it to electricity
8 to start a device like a computer or phone by pressing a button
9 to connect a device to electricity so that it can work
4 What is the opposite of these verbs? Write. Then listen and check. download upload
1 log in
2 switch on
3 plug in
download log out switch off unplug type search scroll log in update charge switch on plug in search charge swipe
5 GAME Mime and guess the words from ex. 1. How many words can you guess in two minutes?
Giving instructions
6 Watch the video or listen. Has Ben selected the right photo?
No, he selected a photo of his cat instead of a photo of him.
7 Now listen again and complete the dialogue with the missing words.
Ben Can you show me how to upload my photo to this website?
Chloe Sure. (1) log in to your account.
The first step is to
Ben OK. I’m in. (2)
What do I do next? Then you should
Chloe (3) click on the upload button. (4) select the right photo, OK?
Don’t forget to
Ben Are you serious? I’m not that... Wait, why is my cat the profile picture now?
Chloe You see? Wrong photo.
BE FLUENT
Can you show me how to do it?
How do I do this? What should I do rst? What’s the next step? How long will it take?
Sure. Let me show you. The rst step is to update the app. / To start, you need to… Next, you click on ‘Submit’. / Don’t forget to… It will only take ve minutes.
8 Complete the mini dialogues with the correct questions or answers from the box.
20 minutes, more or less. • Don't forget to log out when you finish. • How do I upload a document to this website? Sure. • To start, you need to switch on the Bluetooth. •
A How do I upload a document to this website?
B Let me show you.
1 A What should I do first?
To start, you need to switch on the Bluetooth. What do I do after that?
2 A B Next, you click on the download button.
9 PAIRWORK Create a conversation similar to the one in ex. 7.
Use the situations below and the Be Fluent box to help you. Use as much of the vocabulary from page 116.
• you don’t know how to make slides for your presentation
• you don’t know how to upload a document
• you need to create a new account
• you want to download a song
• you want to upload a video on a website
• you want to update a programme on your computer
A
Don’t forget to log out when you finish.
OK, I won't.
A How long will it take?
20 minutes, more or less.
5 A Can you show me how I can search for a document on this website?
Sure.
Can you help me make the slides for my presentation?
Sure. The rst step is to open the application.
OK, I’ve opened it. What do I do next?
Got it. OK.
Then you should click on styles and choose one for your slides.
Social media
10 Match the words to the pictures. Then watch the video or listen, and check your answers.
BE AMERICAN
Listen to the words from ex. 10 in American English.
BE CURIOUS
In informal language you can also say: I gave the post a share/like. = I shared/liked the post.
comment • content • friend-request • followers • hashtag • like notification • post • share
11 Listen again and repeat.
12 Complete the sentences with the correct words from ex. 10.
I left a funny comment under my friend’s picture of their pet.
1 The of this website is interesting, but there aren’t many audios or videos.
2 I received a when my best friend shared a funny video with me.
3 I saw her picture and I immediately gave it a
4 My post got lots of likes, but nobody has it yet.
5 She sent me a and I accepted it.
6 I have 200 on this account and 150 on the other.
7 Her has had over 1,000 sharesand many people liked it.
13 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions.
1 How often do you write posts on social media?
2 What kind of content do you like reading on social media?
3 Do you usually read posts from people with many followers? Why? / Why not?
4 What’s the last post or comment you liked? Why did you like it?
Apologising
14 Watch the video or listen. Why is Chloe saying sorry to Ben?
Key p. 273
15 Now read and complete the dialogue with the words from the box. Then listen and check.
I thought it was just • I'm really sorry • Of course we are Are we still • OK, but it wasn't funny
Chloe I’m really sorry for what I did, Ben.
Ben You knew I didn’t like that photo of me sleeping on the couch, but you posted it anyway.
I thought it was just
Chloe (1) a joke.
Ben (2) to me. The people said I looked ‘silly’.
Chloe I’m sorry. I’ve already deleted it… (3) friends?
Are we still OK, but it wasn’t funny
Ben (4) , Chloe. And it’s true. I do look silly in that photo.
BE FLUENT
Of course we are
Apologise Accepting an apology Rejecting an apology I’m sorry for what I said. I feel bad about what I did. I didn’t mean to o end you. I thought it was just a joke. Can you forgive me? Are we still friends?
Don’t worry about it. I understand. It’s ne. OK, it doesn’t matter. OK, thanks for explaining that. Sure, I forgive you. Of course we’re still friends.
I don’t believe you’re sorry. I understand. I’m still upset, though.
OK, but it wasn’t funny for me. I need some time, OK?
16 Listen and complete the mini dialogues with the expressions you hear.
A I’m sorry for not replying to your message.
B Don’t worry about it.
1 A my comment yesterday.
I feel bad about
B It doesn’t matter. It’s fine.
2 A offend you with that post.
I didn’t mean to Thanks for explaining that Sure, I forgive you.
B I understand. It’s fine.
3 A . I’m still upset though.
B Alright. Just, please, think about it, OK?
4 A I’m really sorry. Can you forgive me?
B
5 A Are we still friends?
Of course we’re
B still friends.
17 PAIRWORK Roleplay situation one. Then swap roles and roleplay situation 2.
SITUATION 1
Student A You posted something online that upset your friend. Apologise to Student B. Student B Accept Student A’s apology.
SITUATION 2
Student B You wrote a rude comment under your friend’s post. Apologise to Student A. Student A Reject Student B’s apology.
Present simple – The passive VIDEO MAP
Today, AI is used in many areas.
In many factories, cars are built by robots instead of workers.
Forma a ermativa Forma negativa
I am (’m) called Sam. I am not (’m not) called Sam. He / She / It is (’s) called Sam. He / She / It is not (isn’t) called Sam.
You / We / They are (’re) called Sam. You / We / They are not (aren’t) called Sam.
Forma interrogativa Risposte brevi
Am I called Sam? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
Is he / she / it called Sam? Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t.
Are you / we / they called Sam? Yes, you / we / they are. No, you / we / they aren’t.
LEARN IT!
La forma passiva si usa quando si vuole mettere in risalto l’azione più di chi la compie.
Per indicare chi compie l’azione si usa la preposizione by In o ces, chatbots do some customer service jobs.
In o ces, some customer service jobs are done by chatbots.
2
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Present simple passive. Use the verbs in brackets.
The car is washed (wash) every Sunday.
1 The house (build) on a hill.
2 That song (not sing) by Adele.
3 Chocolate eggs (eat) at Easter.
4 The flowers (water) by the gardener.
5 Films (make) in Hollywood.
6 Science books (not sell) here.
3
Complete the text with the Present simple passive of the verbs from the box.
develop • sell • buy • produce • make • play • release
Millions of teenagers have one – what is it?
6 coffee / grown / Brazil / is / in ?
2 Argentina / is / Spanish / in / spoken ?
Jo / called / by / family / her / Joanna / is Joanna is called Jo by her family.
5 football / leather / of / is / made / that
4 trainers / made / China / aren’t / in / my
Rules p. 130 is built isn’t sung are eaten are watered are made aren’t sold are sold are made are bought is developed are released are produced
A PlayStation, of course! PlayStation games are played every day. Did you know that every year over 22 million PlayStation units (1) in stores around the world? That’s a very big number and means that at Sony around 100,000 PlayStations (2) every day. Today PlayStations (3) in China and the technology (4) in the USA, so it really is an international production. New PlayStation models (5) every few years and they (6) quickly by PlayStation fans all over the world.
1 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1 London / tourists / a lot of / by / visited / is
3 used / drones / at / events / international / are
4 Listen and check.
5 Complete the questions with the Present simple passive and write short answers.
he / call Harry? (✘) 'Is he called Harry?' 'No, he isn't.'
Key p. 273
1 these chocolates / make in Switzerland? (✘)
2 dinner / serve from 7 p.m.? (✔)
7 are / more than / all over the world / sent / 300 billion / every day / emails
8 used / to take / smartphones / photos / online / chat / and / are
3 French / speak in Japan? (✘)
4 parmesan cheese / produce in Scotland? (✘)
5 the instructions / write in English? (✔)
6 your living room / paint blue? (✔)
Key p. 273
6
Rewrite these sentences in the Present simple passive.
At my school, they teach the children English and German.
At my school, the children are taught English and German.
1 Electronic companies produce computers and smartphones.
2 Thousands of people watch this TV series every day.
3 The students play basketball and volleyball in the gym.
4 People don’t speak Italian in Russia.
5 Do they make leather shoes in that shop?
6 My brother always does the washing-up.
The passive – Past simple VIDEO MAP
‘The expression ‘Arti cial Intelligence’ was used for the rst time in 1956 by John McCarthy. Also, many jobs that were done by humans in the past are done by machines today.
Forma a ermativa Forma negativa
I was called. I was not (wasn’t) called. He / She / It was called. He / She / It was not (wasn’t) called.
You / We / They were called. You / We / They were not (weren’t) called.
Forma interrogativa Risposte brevi
Was I called? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t. Was he / she / it called? Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t.
Were you / we / they called? Yes, we / you / they were. No, we / you / they weren’t.
8
Complete the sentences with the Past simple passive of the verbs in brackets.
9
Rules p. 131 wasn’t written were cooked was built was stolen weren’t taught was sent
7 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
Key p. 273
slaves / by / built / Colosseum / the / was The Colosseum was built by slaves.
1 painted / Leonardo da Vinci / was / the Mona Lisa / by
2 objects / in / created / the / glass / were / first / Egypt
3 ago / cave / painted / of / this / years / French / was / millions
4 app / German / this / by / designed / teenager / was / a
5 year / who / the Nobel Peace Prize / last / was / given / ?
6 museums / in / opened / 2019 / these / were
Key p. 273 was delivered wasn’t baked weren’t given Were invited
The Internet was invented (invent) by Tim Berners-Lee.
1 The test (not write) by the science teacher.
2 When the first email (send)?
3 Two big turkeys (cook) for Thanksgiving.
4 How much money (steal) in the bank robbery?
5 IT and Technology (not teach) when my grandma went to school.
6 The new apartment block (build) in 2020.
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the Past simple passive of the verbs in brackets.
Concerts were cancelled (cancel) during the Covid-19 pandemic.
1 Alana’s birthday present (deliver) yesterday morning.
2 The bread (not bake) this morning – it’s too hard.
3 The children (not give) a test this morning.
4 you (invite) to Fiona’s party?
10 Rewrite these sentences in the Past simple passive.
The Prime Minister opened the London Eye on 31 December 1999.
The London Eye was opened by the Prime Minister on 31 December 1999.
1 Van Gogh painted 'The Sunflowers'.
'The Sunflowers' was painted by Van Gogh.
2 JK Rowling wrote the Harry Potter books.
The Harry Potter books were written by JK Rowling.
3 Someone stole my smartphone yesterday.
My smartphone was stolen yesterday.
4 We didn’t decorate our living room last year.
Our living room wasn’t decorated last year.
5 Josh didn't call me yesterday morning.
I wasn't called by Josh yesterday morning.
6 Did scientists find a cure for malaria?
11 Use the verbs from the box to write sentences about famous books, buildings or objects. Use the Past simple passive and use the Internet to help you find information.
GRAMMAR ROUND-UP
13 Read the email about the school competition and choose the correct option (A, B or C).
Underline the mistake in each sentence and correct it.
The film were watched by millions of people. was
1 The bikes weren’t leave in the garage.
2 The dog is found yesterday.
3 Their song were downloaded millions of times.
4 Romeo and Juliet was written for Shakespeare.
5 The new car were bought on Tuesday.
6 My first toy was made by wood.
Hi Kiera,
Are you ready for the STEM competition? I can’t wait!! The brochure was designed yesterday afternoon in school, but they (1) onto the school website. Can you do that, please? They’re great – they were designed (2) Louis Jackson in Year 3. The colours (3) to match the school uniform. Anyway, the 1st prize (4) on Monday. It’s a blue and red rucksack and it’s made (5) leather. It’s really cool. The other prizes (6) yesterday to the school office, so we’re all ready. The rules (7) by the headteacher this morning – it should be a sustainable invention and should be made of recycled plastic or metal only. Oh, and one last thing – do you know if the invitations for the families were (8) ?
Speak later!
Ciao!
Viola
New message Send
Was a cure for malaria found by scientists? left by of was was weren’t uploaded written were chosen was bought were delivered were decided by of was
A were designed B was designed C wasn’t designed
1 A was uploaded B were upload C weren’t uploaded
2 A by B from C of
3 A were chose B were choose C were chosen
4 A was bought B were bought C wasn’t bought
5 A of B for C by
6 A are delivered B was delivered C were delivered
7 A was decide B are decided C were decided
8 A written B write C wrote
A presentation about an invention
LISTENING
1 Match the words to the photos. computer • drone • light bulb • printing press • smartphone • telescope
2 PAIRWORK Rank the inventions in ex. 1 from the most to the least useful to humankind today. Then compare with a partner and give reasons for your choices.
3 Listen to a student called Samantha giving a presentation about drones. Do you agree with what she says? Explain why to a partner.
p. 273
4 Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences. Underline the two alternatives if they are both correct.
Drones are controlled by a computer / pilot or remote control.
1 We don’t know who developed the first / military drones.
2 Drones can be used to transport goods of necessity / food and medicines
3 These drones are especially useful in emergencies / airports.
4 Using drones can help reduce traffic / pollution in big cities.
5 Listen to the presentation again. Complete the extracts with the words you hear.
The invention I’d like to talk about is the drone.
1 who invented the first drone.
It’s hard to say
2 … delivering goods of necessity, food and medicine.
3 helpful during emergencies.
4 , drones are the most useful invention to humankind today.
This is especially such as To me
SPEAKING
1 what the invention is
2 what it is used for
3 how useful it is to people/society today
7 PAIRWORK What words and phrases from ex. 5 would you like to include in your presentation? Compare with a partner and give reasons for your choice.
8 PAIRWORK Give your presentation. Speak for about two minutes.
6 Prepare a presentation on an invention you know about or like. In your presentation, include:
THINKING ROUTINE
You are going to read an article about the invention of the Internet. Read the title of the article and then follow the instructions below.
3 Think of three words that you think you will find in the article.
2 Think of two questions you have about the topic.
1 Think of one reason why the Internet might be dangerous for people.
READ Read the article and check your answers.
The Internet: the invention and its problems
When people are asked about the best or most important inventions of the last 50 years, many are likely to reply the Internet. We have to thank Tim Berners-Lee, an English computer scientist, for how we use the Internet today.
In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee worked at CERN in Switzerland and he made a proposal for a way to share information between di erent departments and institutions. And so the World Wide Web was invented.
Since that day in March 1989, the web has become colossal. Today there are around 2 billion websites and hundreds more are started every day. And Tim Berners-Lee is still involved and wants to make things better.
How? Berners-Lee is one of the founders of the World Wide Web Foundation, an organisation for the progress and development of the web. He has often spoken about his worries about the future of the web.
Firstly, there is the question of the misuse of the web. There are cyber-attacks, hacking, the spread of fake news and hatred which have to be stopped.
Next, there is the digital divide. Today’s young people are called digital natives, but actually a third of the young people in the world have no internet access at all, and others don’t have a device or a good connection.
However, Tim Berners-Lee is optimistic that we can create a better and safer web for everyone. On the 30th anniversary of the birth of the World Wide Web, he said: ‘It won’t be easy. But if we dream a little and work a lot, we can get the web we want.’
founders fondatori misuse cattivo uso / uso improprio spread diffusione digital divide divario digitale
READING
1 Read and listen to the text again. Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false). Identify the sentence in the text that supports your answer and write the first four words of this sentence next to your answer.
Tim Berners-Lee invented the computer. F We have to thank
1 Tim Berners-Lee was working in Switzerland when he proposed the idea for the World Wide Web.
2 There are around 200 websites today, and billions more are created every day.
3 The World Wide Web Foundation was founded by Tim Berners-Lee to help improve the web.
4 Tim Berners-Lee is worried about how people will use the Internet in the future.
5 Tim Berners-Lee believes that all kids around the world can use the internet today.
6 Tim Berners-Lee thinks that creating a better web for everyone won’t be hard.
2 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions.
1 Why do you think the Internet is considered one of the most important inventions of the last 50 years?
2 What are some of the problems that Tim Berners-Lee is worried about on the Internet?
3 What does Tim Berners-Lee mean when he says, ‘if we dream a little and work a lot, we can get the web we want’?
WRITING A social media profile
3 Read the two social media profiles quickly. What do Lavanya and Hassan have in common?
Lavanya
4 Write L if the statement refers to Lavanya, H if it refers to Hassan, B if it refers to both.
L has creative hobbies
1 likes to be helpful
2 is interested in physical activities
3 wants to connect with people who have the same interests
4 enjoys watching sports
5 loves pets
6 makes sweets
7 mentions a boardgame
Hey there! I’m Lavanya, 14 years old. I love drawing and watching anime. 2 Huge fan of cats, dance and K-pop music.
always They both like playing video games and listening to music.
3 You’ll find me playing Minecraft or baking cookies. Friends and family mean everything to me. Trying to stay positive and kind all the time! Let’s 4 chat if you like art!
7 I’m always up for a fun time.
8 Hit me up if you like gaming or sports! Hassan
What’s up? I’m Hassan. I’m 14 and love football, video games, and 6 hanging out with friends. I’m also into chess, skateboarding and music. Big fan of pizza and watching football.
5 Match phrases 1-8 in Lavanya’s and Hassan’s profiles with their less informal synonyms a-g. 5 How are you?
I’m always ready to (have/do)
talk
going out
contact me
6 YOUR TURN Write your own social media profile. Use Lavanya’s and Hassan’s profiles as models, and include some of the informal expressions they use.
• Usa un tono gentile e positivo. WRITING TIPS
• Il tuo social media pro le deve essere semplice, breve e veritiero.
• Scrivi qualcosa su quello che ti piace (hobby, sport, musica, ecc.).
What will happen to us with AI?
1 Completa il riassunto del vlog di Ben a pagina 114 con le parole nel riquadro. Poi guarda o ascolta di nuovo e controlla le tue risposte.
chess champion • energy • expression • water jobs • medicine • people • questions • scientist
In his vlog, Ben talks about Artificial Intelligence. He says that AI has been around since the 1950s. The American scientist John McCarthy was the first person who used the (1) ‘AI’ in 1956. Since then, AI has grown a lot, and in 1997, an IBM supercomputer beat world (2) Garry Kasparov. Today, AI is used in many fields, like (3) , education, and video games. But AI has some problems too. It needs a lot of (4) for powering the AI systems and (5) for cooling the machines. Also, many jobs that were once done by (6) are now done by machines, like robots building cars in factories or chatbots answering questions online. While AI makes some (7) easier, it also causes others to disappear. AI is amazing but also raises big (8) about the future.
expression
chess champion
medicine
energy water people jobs
questions
2
BE REAL Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
1 My brother has been playing basketball a lot as of late / end, and he’s getting better.
2 Our team has gained a lot of food / ground since we started practicing more.
3 It was a very difficult race, but at / as the end of the day, I was proud of what I achieved.
4 The lecture on AI gave us a lot of ground / food for thought.
MY GLOSSARY
ricaricare
scaricare
accedere
uscire dall’account collegare alla corrente scorrere
cercare
trascinare spegnere
accendere digitare scollegare dalla corrente aggiornare caricare
commentare / commento contenuto
seguaci
richiesta di amicizia hashtag
mettere mi piace / mi piace notifica
1 Ascolta e ripeti. Poi scrivi la traduzione. Technology charge download log in log out plug in scroll search swipe switch off switch on type unplug update upload Social media comment content followers friend-request hashtag like notification post share
postare / post condividere / condivisione
Computer parts and devices
cable charger computer case/tower
DVD drive e-reader
games console hard drive headphones keyboard
laptop/portable microphone
modem/router
mouse mat printer scanner screen speakers
USB/memory stick webcam
cavo caricabatteria
torre del computer lettore DVD lettore e-book console disco rigido cuffie
tastiera computer portatile microfono modem tappetino del mouse stampante scanner schermo casse/altoparlanti
chiavetta USB webcam
VOCABULARY MAPS
2 Completa la mappa con le parole nel riquadro.
3 Completa la mappa con le parole nel riquadro.
SOCIAL
Technology
1 Completa le frasi con i verbi nel riquadro. charge • switch • log • scroll
1 I can’t in to my email. I forgot my password.
2 My phone battery is almost dead. I forgot to it last night.
3 What’s the problem with this app? I can’t down to see the full page.
4 Do I need to on the alarm before I leave?
2 Abbina le frasi dell’es. 1 a queste risposte.
a I think it’s blocked. When was the last time you updated it?
b No problem. Just plug it in now.
c Yes, please. The password you need to type in is 2975.
d Oh no! Search for “Reset password” on the page.
3 Completa le frasi con il verbo corretto. La prima lettera di ciascun verbo è data. You should update your app to use the latest version.
1 Can you help me s for information about the project online?
2 My tablet is running out of battery, so I need to p the charger.
3 To unlock your phone, just s right on the screen.
4 When you write an email, you need to t the message in the box.
4 Indica se il verbo è giusto (✔) o sbagliato (✘). Correggi i verbi sbagliati. If you want to stop using your account, you should log in first. log out
1 When your phone battery is low, you need to charge it.
2 If you want to use the printer, you need to plug it in first.
3 To see the rest of the page, switch down.
4 Unplug your phone when the battery is fully charged.
5 You need to upload your apps to use the latest version.
6 If you want to change your profile photo, just download one from your computer.
5 Scrivi cinque frasi usando i verbi degli es. 1-4.
Giving instructions
6
Scegli l’alternativa corretta (A, B o C) per completare i dialoghi. Poi ascolta e controlla.
John How do I do this?
Bob Let me show you.
1 John What’s step?
Bob Next, you need to choose a graph.
2 John will it take?
Bob Not long. Five or ten minutes.
3 John Where do I start?
Bob is to choose a template for the presentation.
4 John What do I do after I’ve done that?
Bob you click on ‘End’ and you’re done.
A Let me B Can you C To start
1 A the first B the last C the next
2 A Where B What C How long
3 A To start B The first step C Don’t forget
4 A Next, B Don’t forget C Just
7 Riordina il dialogo.
1 Lucy For this experiment, you need a balloon, vinegar, and baking soda.
Lucy Now attach the balloon to the bottle!
Lucy Next, add the baking soda into the bottle.
Lucy To start, pour vinegar into the bottle.
Noa Great. I’ve added it.
Noa OK. The vinegar is inside. What’s next?
Noa OK. I’ve got everything here! What’s the first step?
8 Noa It worked! The balloon is blowing up!
Crea un dialogo in cui dai istruzioni a un/a tuo/a amico/a. Scegli una di queste situazioni o immaginane una. Usa le espressioni dell’unità.
• taking a screenshot on a computer
• changing the background photo on a tablet
• uploading a video on a website
• editing a photo on a smartphone
Social media
9 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
A I commented / posted a picture of my Japanese goldfish yesterday, and I had to turn off the notifications / hashtags on my phone, because I was receiving so many. I thought people loved kittens and puppies – not fish!
B I don’t understand why people are so mean sometimes. Everyone wrote nice comments / contents to her post, but the one he wrote was just awful. If you don’t share / like something people say, don’t interact with it – just let it go!
C I don’t really know this person. We have no common contacts, and it seems like he has no likes / followers at all. I’d be his first one, but I’m not sure I want to. What should I do? Do you ever accept posts / friend-requests from strangers?
D I find this comment / hashtag extremely useful – I just click on it and I’m redirected to all types of content / follower about my favourite basketball team. And I often share / post it with my friends, too, because I know they love basketball.
10 Sottolinea la sillaba accentata. Poi ascolta e controlla.
log in • search for • unplug • comment notification • hashtag • offend • forgive
11 Completa il testo con alcune delle parole dell’es. 9. Decidi se hai bisogno di un nome o un verbo e usa la forma corretta.
I woke up this morning and saw lots of noti cations on my phone. My latest (1) about our school trip had received 45 (2) ! My classmates left some funny (3) under the photo and used the (4) #bestdayever. Some of them also (5) it with their own friends. That’s when I started receiving (6) from my classmates’ friends, too.
Apologising
12 Completa la tabella.
Are we still friends? • Can you forgive me? I didn’t mean to offend you. • I don’t believe you’re sorry. OK, that makes sense now.
Apologising Accepting/Rejecting apologies
I didn’t mean to o end you. It doesn’t matter.
I thought it was just a joke. (1)
(2)
Are we still friends?
post likes
OK, that makes sense now.
We are. I’m still upset, though.
I’m sorry for what I said. (3)
(4)
Can you forgive me?
I don’t believe you’re sorry.
I need some time before I can forgive you, OK?
13 Completa le frasi con due parole.
I thought it was just a joke
1 I feel what I did.
worry about
Of course Sure I but it comments
friend-requests hashtag shared
2 Don’t it.
3 we’re friends.
4 forgive you
5 OK, wasn’t funny for me.
COMMUNICATION ROUND-UP
14 Completa il dialogo.
don’t forget to • Don’t worry about it. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to offend you • scroll down swipe right • the first step is • type
Mina So, the rst step is to open the app. Once you're in, (1) to see the new posts.
Nick Got it. What's next?
bad for swipe right scroll down
Mina Now (2) to the end of the page. You’ll see a box to type your comment.
Nick Oh, I see it! Should I (3) something?
Mina Yeah, but (4) tap on ‘Post’ at the end.
Nick Sure. Done. Oh, Uhm… That’s me.
Mina Oh, (5)
I'm sorry. I didn't mean to offend you. don't forget to type
Don’t worry about it.
Nick (6) . I also think that shirt is horrible.
The passive – Present simple
LEARN IT!
La forma passiva si usa quando si vuole mettere maggiormente in risalto l’azione rispetto a chi la compie.
La forma passiva del Present simple si costruisce così: soggetto + Present simple del verbo be + participio passato del verbo principale. It is made of wood. They are used to open doors.
Le forme negativa, interrogativa e le risposte brevi seguono le regole di formazione del verbo be. Per dire chi ha compiuto l’azione usiamo la preposizione by She is admired by all her peers.
1 Completa la tabella con l’infinito o il participio passato dei verbi. speak spoken
3 Completa le frasi con la forma passiva del Present simple dei verbi tra parentesi.
Is he called (call) John?
walked are sent are driven are made is chosen
4
1 The prizes (send) via email.
2 Some modern cars (drive) by electricity.
3 Our garden chairs (make) of wood.
4 The winner (choose) by all three judges.
5 The test (do) online.
2 Completa le frasi con il participio passato di alcuni verbi dell’es. 1.
Sushi is traditionally eaten in Japan.
1 English is in Australia.
2 Children are often to school in their parents' cars.
3 School uniforms are at this school.
4 That smartwatch is in China.
5 Thousands of cars are every day.
6 Coffee is at breakfast around the world.
6 These catalogues (cover) in leather.
Riordina le parole per formare domande. is / made / where / it / ?
Where is it made?
1 France / set / film / the / is / in / ?
Is the film set in France?
2 these / often / computers / used / are / ?
Are these computers often used?
3 called / what / they / are / ?
What are they called?
4 where / kimonos / worn / are / ?
Where are kimonos worn?
5 cheese / is / in / Spain / parmesan / made / ?
Is parmesan cheese made in Spain?
6 dinner / what / served / is / time / ?
What time is dinner served?
5 Abbina le risposte alle domande dell’es. 4.
a In Japan.
b It’s served at 8 p.m.
c No, it’s made in Italy.
d Yes, it is. It is set in Nice.
e Not really, only from Mondays to Wednesdays.
f They’re called chopsticks and you used them to eat Asian food.
6 Riscrivi le frasi alla forma passiva del Present simple.
They teach children English at school.
1 They make films in Hollywood.
Films are made in Hollywood.
Lunch is served from 12 to 2 o’clock. is done are covered worn
Children are taught English at school.
2 Teenagers don’t use old-style smartphones.
Old-style smartphones aren’t used by teenagers.
3 Do people speak English all over the world?
Is English spoken all over the world?
4 They serve lunch from 12 to 2 o’ clock.
The passive – Past simple
LEARN IT!
La forma passiva del Past simple si costruisce con soggetto + was / were + participio passato del verbo principale.
It was rst made in Switzerland. Segways were sold to the public. Who were they invented by?
Le forme negativa, interrogativa e le risposte brevi seguono le regole di formazione del verbo be al Past simple.
7 Completa le frasi con la forma passiva del Past simple dei verbi fra parentesi.
In the past, many exotic animals were sold (sell) as pets.
1 £50,000 (steal) yesterday from a bank in the centre of Oxford.
9
1 Who this book (write) by?
Her car was stolen (steal) last week.
2 An important scientific discovery (make) last month.
2 Where these jeans (make)?
3 A new antivirus software to the public yesterday. (present)
4 The light bulb (invent) by Thomas Edison in 1878.
5 When the letter (send)?
6 The new library (not build) in 2012, but in 2013.
8 Riscrivi le frasi alla forma passiva del Past simple. Prince William opened the new art gallery. The new art gallery was opened by Prince William.
1 My grandfather painted this picture in 1978.
This picture was painted by my grandfather in 1978.
2 R.J. Palacio wrote Wonder.
Wonder was written by R.J. Palacio.
3 My cousin took the photos of our family.
The photos of our family were taken by my cousin.
4 Adele won the Best Artist of the Year at the Brit Awards 2022
5 Someone stole my football boots yesterday.
My football boots were stolen yesterday. The Brit Awards 2022 for Best Artist of the Year was won by Adele. wasn’t built were was sent made
3 Their house (not build) in 1920.
5 When the Biro (invent)?
4 His clothes (not buy) at the department store.
6 The cat (find) in the neighbour’s garden.
Guarda le foto e completa le frasi con il Past simple dei verbi fra parentesi. were stolen was was were weren’t planted destroyed was found invented written was made wasn’t built weren’t bought was presented was invented
7 The houses (destroy) by the storm.
8 The trees (not plant) by the teachers.
10
Completa il testo con la forma passiva del Present simple o del Past simple dei verbi nel riquadro. use (x2) • make (x2) • call • invent
The word ‘smartphone’ was used for the first time in 1997. The GS88 telephone (1) also ‘Penelope’ and it (2) by the Ericsson electronic company. Today smartphones (3) by millions of people around the world. Many smartphones (4) in Asia but the materials and components come from many different countries. Smartphones (5) usually by colourful cases which (6)
GRAMMAR ROUND-UP
13 Completa il testo con l’opzione corretta.
New message
Hi Nina,
Guess what! I won 2nd prize in the school invention competition – remember, it was called ‘Young Inventors’. The names of the winners (1) put online yesterday. The judges were (2) to choose a sustainable invention.
Anyway, my invention (3) made of paper and recycled bottles although we were (4) that we could use any material we wanted. It’s a mobile phone stand and it’s (5) blue and yellow.
I (6) helped at all although my grandad gave me a few good ideas!
11 Abbina cose e persone e scrivi delle frasi utilizzando i verbi nel riquadro alla forma passiva, presente o passata.
paint • sing
name after
6 La Statua della Libertà è stata donata a New York dai francesi. was called was invented are used are made were asked is told painted wasn’t are protected are made
write
b e f c a d
America was named after Amerigo Vespucci.
The first telephone was invented by Antonio Meucci.
Gravity was discovered by Isaac Newton.
‘Il milione’ was written by Marco Polo.
‘Coraline’ is sang by Måneskin.
‘Mona Lisa’ was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
Send
Bye for now, Tom A are B were C was
1 A were B are C weren’t
2 A asks B ask C asked
3 A is B were C are
4 A tell B told C tells
5 A paint B painting C painted
6 A was B were C wasn’t
14
Ascolta il dettato e scrivi il testo.
Audioscript p. 273
15
Traduci le frasi.
Key p. 273
Il premio è stato dato all’attore spagnolo. The prize was given to the Spanish actor.
1 Da chi è stata inventata l'automobile?
2 Il progetto non è stato consegnato per tempo.
3 Molti film vengono fatti a Hollywood.
4 Questo monumento è chiamato Big Ben ma è anche conosciuto come la torre di Elisabetta.
5 Questi libri sono scritti in francese?
READING
1 Leggi il testo velocemente. Metti i paragrafi nell'ordine corretto.
Friendships in the age of social media
A So, in my opinion, social media is a mix of positive and negative things. It can help us keep our friendships alive, but it can also create some drama. I think we should use it in a way that makes our friendships stronger. In the end, I believe that real friendships are about trust and talking to each other, not just getting likes or having thousands of followers. It’s all about being there for each other, whether it’s online or in real life.
B Another thing is that sometimes people argue online. I’ve seen friends get into fights over silly stuff in the comments. It’s much easier to say mean things when you’re behind a screen than when you’re talking faceto-face. I try to remember that if I have a problem with someone, it’s better to talk it out in person instead of hiding behind messages online.
C Social media has totally changed how we make and keep friends. Let me share some thoughts on the good and the not-so-good things about it.
D But, there’s a negative side too. Sometimes, social media can make things a bit awkward. Like, last summer, I saw my other friends hanging out in the department store without me. I felt really left out, and a bit jealous. It’s hard not to feel that way when you see everyone having fun without you.
First, social media is cool because it helps us stay connected with our friends, even if they live far away. I remember when my best friend moved to Switzerland. At first, I was really sad, but then we started using Snapchat and Instagram to share our lives. Today we send each other funny memes, photos of our pets, and voice messages. It feels like we’re still hanging out. argue litigano mean cattive talk it out parlarne awkward imbarazzanti/ strane
2 Leggi di nuovo e ascolta il testo. Quali tre cose fra queste vengono dette nel testo?
Social media can influence our friendships.
1 Distance makes it easier for friendships to stay strong.
2 Sharing photos on social media can help us stay in touch with friends.
3 Seeing what our friends do might make us feel sad.
4 It’s easier to be impolite in face-to-face conversations than on social media.
5 We should never reply to negative comments on social media.
6 We must be careful when strangers send us friend-requests on social media.
p. 274
a Can you give an example of a project?
b Do you think technology can help us live better lives?
c What do you think is the most important way to use technology for good?
d 0 What does a social activist like you do?
e Do you think technology can help with learning, too?
f Does your organisation have many followers and receive many likes?
7 Real friends care about what happens on social media LISTENING 3 INVALSI Ascolta un’intervista con una attivista. Abbina le domande dell’intervistatore (a-g) alle risposte (1-5) nell’audio. C'è una domanda in più.
g How can people use technology to make changes in society?
BE READY for Test 5
VOCABULARY
1 Completa le frasi con i verbi nel riquadro.
swipe • unplug • uploaded • scroll • switch • type • log
1 My parents always all the electric devices in our flat before we go on holiday.
2 left on the screen to see the next page.
3 Please, in to your account.
4 He the video to YouTube.
5 You need to down to the bottom of the page.
6 Please your name and email address.
7 Remember to off the computer when you leave the room.
2 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
1 Yesterday, I wrote a new notification / post about my favourite comic book.
2 You can like / share a video with your friends by clicking this button.
3 The website has great content / followers about how to stay healthy.
4 Thanks for leaving a nice comment / hashtag on my post today.
5 I got a content / notification about a new message.
6 Use a hashtag / share so that more people can see your post.
7 I have 100 notifications / followers on my social media account.
8 My photo got 50 likes / friend-requests yesterday. GRAMMAR
3 Completa le frasi con la forma passiva del Present simple dei verbi nel riquadro. accept • create • keep • receive • share upload • use • watch
1 New apps every day.
4 Riscrivi le frasi usando la forma passiva del Past simple.
1 100 people liked my post on AI.
My post on AI was liked by 100 people.
2 They developed a new app last year.
A new app was developed last year.
3 They shared the video 200 times.
The video was shared 200 times.
Swipe log uploaded scroll type switch was was invented was made are created
2 All files safe in cloud storage.
3 Photos online with friends.
4 Notifications when someone likes a post.
5 These videos by many teenagers.
6 Hashtags to organise content.
7 Friend-requests when people want to connect.
8 New content to the website every day.
4 Someone posted a rude comment on my page.
A rude comment was posted on my page.
5 They updated the school website last night.
The school website was updated last night.
5 Trova e correggi l’errore in ciascuna frase.
1 The first computer is invented in the 19th century.
2 Wi-Fi were introduced to allow people to connect to the internet without cables.
3 When was the first smartphone inventing?
4 The first social media website are created in the 1990s.
5 Most of the electrical devices we sell in our shop are make in Japan.
COMMUNICATION
6 Completa il dialogo con le espressioni nel riquadro.
don’t forget to • how long will it take? • I didn’t mean to I understand • I said before • show me how to the first step is to
show me how to
Ian Hey, Jess! Can you (1) upload a video to this app?
The first step is to How long will it take? don't forget to I said before I understand I didn't mean to are kept are shared are received are watched are used are accepted is uploaded
Jess Sure! (2) click on the plus icon and choose the video you want to upload.
Ian Got it. It’s uploading. (3)
Jess Only a few minutes. Oh, (4) give a title to your video when it’s uploaded.
Ian Great. Thanks, Jess. I also wanted to say that I’m sorry for what (5)
Jess (6) . It’s fine.
Ian No, really. (7) offend you.
Jess I know you didn’t.
Writing a social media post
1 Leggi velocemente i post e i relativi commenti. Abbina gli hashtag ai post. Ci sono due hashtag in più.
a #sorry_for_being_rude b #simple_instructions c #problems_with_account d #sharing_lies
Post 1
@rhino13: Hey everyone. I just want to say sorry for my last post, in which I (1) an article about the impact of Artificial Intelligence on society. The article mentions completely false information that was created by a chatbot, not a human! I’ll make sure to check the facts next time. I hope you can (2) .
Don’t worry about it!
Post 2
@Lara10: Hey guys. This question was asked in many of your (4) last week: Can I have two accounts on this platform? The answer is: Yes, you can! (5) , go to the website and (6) . (7) on ‘New account’ and add an email address – it must be different to the one you used to create your first account (8) to do it. Easy!
Comments @TinaSkates: (3) We all make mistakes. @Mac#2011: Thanks for explaining that! It’s good that you corrected it.
Comments @MikeRecordS: Cool! Thanks for the info!
@Phantasmagoric15: Cheers!
3 Scrivi un post per un social. Scegli un argomento (A o B). Il tuo post deve includere tutti i punti corrispondenti.
A giving instructions on how to do something online
B apologising for something you have said or done
1 Say what people might want/need to do.
2 Explain how they can do it.
3 Say what they need and how long it will take.
1 Explain what happened.
2 Apologise in an appropriate way.
3 Say what you are going to do next time.
4 PAIRWORK Lavorate a coppie. Scambiate il vostro post con quello del/la vostro/a compagno/a. Leggetelo e rispondete alle domande del box di autovalutazione Peer Feedback.
5 PAIRWORK Scambiatevi i feedback. Siete d’accordo? Perché? Ripetete le attività 3-4 se necessario.
6 Ora rispondete alle domande del box di autovalutazione Self-Feedback.
2 Ora completa i post e i commenti con le espressioni nel riquadro. comments • don’t worry about it! • forgive me • log out • it will only take five minutes • post shared • then you click • to start,
SELF-FEEDBACK
Nel mio post:
ho usato correttamente la forma passiva dove richiesta. ho usato un lessico appropriato per parlare di tecnologia e social media. ho usato espressioni appropriate per dare istruzioni o per chiedere scusa.
PEER FEEDBACK
Il post del/la mio/a compagno/a: è chiaro e facile da capire. include tutti i punti nella lista dell’es. 3. include il linguaggio appropriato appreso nell’unità.
Colours and contrasts of India
Holi
This is a popular festival in India which celebrates the arrival of spring and the triumph of good over evil. It is also known as the festival of colours, which is an obvious name as part of the celebration is to throw bright coloured powders and coloured water over each other. The streets are crowded with happy people who are absolutely covered in all the colours of the rainbow.
Spices
Indian food is well known for the fantastic avours from all the spices that are used during cooking. The colours of all these spices are incredible too: the yellow turmeric, the red chilli peppers, the green curry leaves, the brown cinnamon. Khari Baoli in Delhi is the largest spice market in India, in fact in all of Asia, and it is a truly amazing display of colours and smells.
Tea
• bride and groom • henna tattoo • spices
The bright green tea plantations covering the hills in regions such as Kerala are a wonderful sight. India is one of the biggest producers of tea, and it consumes a lot too. There are tea stalls and vendors in nearly every street who prepare the chai – the Hindu and Urdu word for tea – by boiling milk and water with tea leaves, sugar, and a mix of spices.
illustrate the places in bold in the text?
bride and groom spices
B, A
henna tattoo silk
Mehndi
This is a form of body art where designs are applied to the skin using a henna paste. Hindu brides often have these reddish-brown, intricate and delicate patterns on their hands and feet before the wedding. On these occasions the groom’s name or initials are incorporated into the design and traditionally the bride does not have to do any work in the home until the design disappears.
Sari
CULTURE
Bengal tigers
1 Holi is a festival which takes place in autumn.
2 Indian cooking uses a lot of colorful spices.
3 You can visit Khari Baoli to see a large selection of teas.
4 Stalls and vendors make and sell tea in the streets.
5 Henna tattoos are part of Hindu wedding preparations.
6 A sari is an item of clothing which is very modern.
CULTURE VIDEO
1 Watch the video or listen about Gandhi and answer the questions.
3 Read the texts again and decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false).
1 What did Gandhi study as a young man?
2 Why did begin to do when he was in South Africa?
The sari is a form of women’s clothing which dates back at least 4,000 years. It is a long piece of cloth, traditionally made of silk, which is usually around the body and across the shoulder. The colour of the sari has its importance too, for example red is the most popular colour for brides to symbolise fertility and prosperity.
3 What were Gandhi’s beliefs?
4 How did he help India gain independence from British rule?
5 What is Gandhi’s legacy today?
The Bengal tiger is the national animal of India. As well as the orange-striped tigers, there are also white tigers which can only be found in India. There are several national parks and reserves, such as Ranthambore National Park, which you can visit in the hope of seeing one of these magni cent creatures.
2 YOUR TURN Other civilisations probably visited your country in the past and left an important mark on culture. Do you know which they were? Do an online research. Include the following information.
• when they arrived and left
• where they settled
• how they influenced the architecture
• what food they introduced
3 ORAL PRESENTATION Present your research to the rest of the class.
Videoscript p. 274
My digital detox challenge
STEP 1 – LET’S START
1 Complete the chart for you and a member of your family with a number from 1 to 5. 5
My _______ play online video games watch videos on YouTube/TikTok scroll on social media send emails use generative AI chat online
2 Listen to Sara talking about her digital detox challenge and answer the questions.
1 Who is she going to do the digital detox challenge with?
2 How long is the challenge for?
3 What activity does she think she will miss the most?
STEP 2 – THINK
3 PAIRWORK Sara hopes her digital detox challenge will improve communication and help her reconnect with her mum. What other advantages could there be? What about disadvantages? Complete the mind map with your ideas and then share them with the class.
face-to-face connection with family,
MY DIGITAL DETOX CHALLENGE
STEP 3 – YOUR TURN
4 Decide and plan your digital detox challenge. Use these points to help you:
• who with
• length
• goals
• rules
• alternative activities
5 Carry out your digital detox challenge. Then reflect on the experience and your feelings before, during and after the challenge. Was it difficult? Did you follow all the rules you decided? Share your experience with the class.
My Goals
sleep better
My Detox Rules
can use my school app for homework
I mustn’t
Audioscript p. 274 Students’ own answers her mum two days / the weekend playing online/video games
feeling isolated from social groups,
4 My Detox Experience
• Did I follow all the rules?
• What did I enjoy the most/least?
• What did I miss the most?
• Will I change how I use my devices in the future? Why? / Why not?
Our debate on digital detox
LET’S START
1 PAIRWORK Discuss these questions with your partner.
1 What is a debate?
2 What rules are important in a debate?
INPUT
3 Why is it important to listen carefully in a debate?
4 How can debating skills help you in real life?
2 Read these statements about teens and technology and for each one write a number for how much you agree or disagree.
1 FOMO – fear of missing out – makes it hard for teens to do a digital detox.
2 I often stay up late scrolling on my phone so I feel tired the next day.
3 Social media is essential today for school, friendships and entertainment.
4 I feel uncomfortable or anxious if I don’t check my phone for a few hours.
5 Parents don’t understand that apps and online tools are the new way of learning.
OUTPUT
3 GROUP WORK Write down four advantages and four disadvantages of a digital detox for teens (use your ideas from ex. 3 on page 138 and the sentences in ex. 2 above to help). Everyone in the group should take turns to give their opinion on each one. Then, as a group, decide which is the biggest advantage and the biggest disadvantage.
PEER FEEDBACK
4 GROUP WORK Reflect on the activity in ex. 3 Answer these questions.
1 Did everyone in the group share their opinion on each advantage and disadvantage of a digital detox?
2 Did everyone in the group give reasons for their opinions?
3 Did everyone in the group use the correct expressions to express agreement and disagreement?
4 Did the group reach an agreement on the biggest advantage and the biggest disadvantage?
1 = Strongly agree
2 = Agree
3 = Neutral / Don’t agree or disagree
4 = Disagree
5 = Strongly disagree
USEFUL LANGUAGE
Per esprimere la tua opinione e accordo o disaccordo con le opinioni degli altri membri del tuo gruppo, puoi usare queste espressioni:
For me,… / In my opinion,… / I think…
I totally agree.
I don’t agree with you.
That’s not true.
You’re right.
AI ACTIVITY
Use a generative AI program and brainstorm other possible ideas.
Step 1 Ask a generative AI program for four advantages and disadvantages of a digital detox for teens.
Step 2 Reflect on the suggestions.
• Are the advantages and disadvantages the same as yours?
• What differences are there?
• Would you like to change the advantage or disadvantage you decided in ex. 3?
Dream big
The games and tests on these pages will help you understand what your interests are.
FILL IN this wheel. You can draw, add symbols, write sentences or slogans to summarise your desires for the future. You don't need to fill it all in. You should only include what you want to achieve.
Let’s start!
TROPS
1 What does orientamento mean? Choose 1, 2 or 3.
1 Listening to others' opinions before choosing.
2 Being confident in yourself and your choices.
3 Following the most popular trends.
2 Complete this description with the words from the box. types of schools • choice • good at abilities • study path • interests
3 How do you feel when you have to make a choice? You can choose more than one adjective. interested determined indifferent uncertain anxious curious calm excited scared other:
Orientation means making a (1) At school, it's about knowing your (2) , your (3) , and also the (4) which are in the area where you live. Your future life may not depend on the (5) you choose today. It is important that you choose what interests you the most now, and what you think you are (6) . Students' own answers choice interests/abilities abilities/interests types of schools study path good at ✔
Liceo
ORIENTATION
Dreams and talents
5 BE INSPIRED These people chose their path and did not give up when things were hard. Match them with the sentences they said about their job. Which one do you feel is most like you?
Students' own answers
Maria Montessori revolutionised education by putting the child at the centre of learning and building a new school model.
In my life, I missed over nine thousand shots, lost almost three hundred games, and twenty-six times my teammates trusted me with the game-winning shot and I missed. I failed many times. And that’s why I eventually won everything.
1
Michael Jordan
a child, even if his father, a Protestant pastor, didn’t agree. He continued drawing until he decided to become a real painter.
Deciding to become an astronaut isn’t like deciding to become a lawyer or an architect. A series of conditions must be met, and it also requires a good bit of luck.
2
Samantha Cristofoletti
Samantha Cristoforetti was the first European woman to become the commander of the International Space Station.
D'Amico and influencer on TikTok, one of the most followed in the world.
I started acting at fourteen with small roles. I had time to grow into the profession. I’m not a star, and I’m not sure I ever will be. People don’t stop me on the street.
3
Timothée Chalamet
If you hear a voice inside you saying ‘you can’t paint,’ then you have to paint, and that voice will be silenced.
4
Vincent Van Gogh
Legends are made. Michael Jordan was cut from the high school basketball team in his second year. By the age of 21, he was already an Olympic champion.
father, but he managed to build his own career and reputation, becoming one of the most beloved science communicators on television.
At just 22 years old, Timothée Chalamet was nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor. Now, he works with some of the greatest directors of our time.
For years, publishers rejected her books, but J.K. Rowling is now one of the most famous writers and fantasy authors in the world. The Harry Potter saga became a global sensation.
Charli
To educate is to help life walk the new roads of experience with joy, brotherhood, a desire for good, and responsibility.
5
Maria Montessori
Don’t be afraid of failure; learn everything you can from it.
7
J.K. Rowling
Soft skills
6
Credibility must be earned in the field: neither my father nor I, for example, ever did advertisements or appeared on shows to make bold statements.
Alberto Angela
You have to be authentic. You can’t fake a smile. We must do what we love.
8
Charli D'Amico
Soft skills are interpersonal and behavioural abilities; technical skills (hard skills) are important, but soft skills create a positive and stimulating work environment. Even in school, when working together, these skills are very important and should be developed!
6 Which soft skills do you think the famous people mentioned here have or had?
Students' own answers
Empathy
The ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes, understand their emotions, reactions, and even unspoken needs.
Communication skills
The ability to listen to people and share ideas and information effectively.
Autonomy
The ability to complete tasks without needing others to guide or help you.
Flexibility
The ability to adapt to different situations, accept new ideas and understand different points of view.
Stress resistance
The ability to manage work stress effectively without negative effects on yourself or others.
Planning and organising
The ability to identify goals, priorities and resources to complete a project in a set time.
Problem-solving
The ability to find and prioritise important issues in a task to solve them in the best way.
Teamwork
The willingness to work with others on a task while building positive relationships.
Leadership
The ability to motivate and guide people towards ambitious goals, creating trust and consensus.
Let’s play a game!
7 Choose the statement that you think is correct and follow the instructions. Colour one dot for your choice every time you pass through a slot.
Empathy A classmate who is usually very good at school is getting very low grades.
a This is none of your business.
➔ Go to 1.
b You spend the break with him/her hoping he/she will tell you what is wrong.
➔ Go to 3.
Communication skills Your group has to present its work to the class.
a You refuse to do your part in the presentation.
➔ Go to 3.
b You volunteer as a speaker for the presentation.
➔ Go to 5.
Flexibility You want to go to the cinema with your friends, but you can’t agree on which film to watch.
a You don’t change your mind about the film and decide to stay at home.
➔ Go to 8.
b You say which film you’d like to watch, but you can change your mind if necessary.
➔ Go to 9.
Empathy You see a stranger in trouble in the street.
a You get close to them and offer to help.
➔ Go to 3.
b You walk on without stopping.
➔ Go to 2.
Communication skills Your team cannot work well together.
a You speak to each member to understand what can be done better.
➔ Go to 5.
b You ask your teacher to change group.
➔ Go to 4.
Autonomy You are buying food and drinks for your friend’s 15th birthday party.
a You call your mother and she dictates you the list of what you need to buy.
➔ Go to 6.
b You compare prices and brands and buy all that you need.
➔ Go to 7.
Flexibility You are in favour of a three-day school trip, but not everyone in the class agrees.
a You agree to a shorter trip only if everyone comes.
➔ Go to 9.
b You won’t go on the trip if it’s not done your way.
➔ Go to 7.
Stress resistance You check online for the science test and find out it has been moved forward by a week.
a You are upset and keep writing in the class group chat.
➔ Go to 9.
b You calmly think about how to change your study plan.
➔ Go to 11.
Autonomy You are leaving on a 3-day school trip.
a You think about the activities you will do and the weather, and you pack your bags.
➔ Go to 7.
b You let your mother pack for you.
➔ Go to 5.
Stress resistance You have to go to your first job interview for an internship.
a You prepare by thinking about how to present yourself in the best way.
➔ Go to 11.
b You are so nervous that you think about not going at all.
➔ Go to 10.
Planning and organising skills Your family wants to visit a city you just went to with school.
a You prepare the itinerary with different stops, transportation, and times.
➔ Go to 13.
b You only have a vague idea of where to go and don't know how to organise the visit.
➔ Go to 12.
Key
Planning and organising skills You have to hand in an essay in two weeks.
a You keep putting it off, and when there is little time left, you stay home to study.
➔ Go to 11.
b You prepare a calendar with resources, time, and methods, and you follow it.
➔ Go to 13.
Problem solving The materials you have for the art project are not enough.
a You tell everyone that you must give up the project.
➔ Go to 13.
b You find recycled materials and adapt them for the project.
➔ Go to 15.
Teamwork A classmate in your group is absent, but the project is due today.
a You do her/his work, but you complain because it is not fair.
➔ Go to 15.
b You suggest dividing the work she/he was supposed to do among everyone.
➔ Go to 17.
Leadership Your class wants to propose a schedule change to the teachers, but many are unsure whether to do it or not.
a You convince the unsure ones that action is needed.
➔ Go to 19.
b You talk to them, but you cannot motivate them.
➔ Go to 17.
Problem solving The train that takes you to school was cancelled at the last minute.
a You rent an e-bike and get to your destination by finding a shortcut.
➔ Go to 16.
b You take the replacement transport, even though you will arrive very late.
➔ Go to 14.
Teamwork The members of your group isn't working together.
a You involve them, and together you collaborate effectively.
➔ Go to 17.
b You do everything you can by yourself and ignore them.
➔ Go to 16.
Leadership Your technical project is not going well, and everyone is discouraged.
a You encourage them and convince them that you can do it.
➔ Go to 19.
b You are also discouraged and don’t know how to react.
➔ Go to 18.
CONGRATULATIONS! You have reached the finish line!
Have you coloured 13 dots or more? Try reading what soft skills are again, and then play the game one more time!
Have you coloured between 10 and 12 dots? You’ve done a good job, but you can do even better!
Have you coloured between 7 and 9 dots? Excellent! You’ve got great soft skills!
My interests and aptitudes
I really like music, especially rock music, but my sense of rhythm is not very good. I play the flute in the city band at fairs and other events, and I stream music all the time.
When I was a kid, I loved helping my mum and grandma in the kitchen. Now, I don’t often cook, and I have little imagination. I’d like to take a cooking course and become a great chef.
I love sports the most. I play football and basketball very well. I can swim well, too, but there are no swimming pools in my area. The football pitch is nice, and I can train every day.
I love watching action films and want to be a stuntwoman. I’m athletic and not afraid of danger. I train every day after school in the only gym in my area, but the equipment is quite old.
8 Read the descriptions of these girls’ and boys’ interests and aptitudes. Who matches their interests with their aptitudes? Who can develop their skills best? Complete the description with the names Pietro, Cecilia, Samuel and Miriam.
Pietro and (1) ’s interests do not match their aptitudes, and what they do now does not help them improve. (2) ’s dream may be hard to achieve.
(3) and (4) are very interested in sports, are naturally good at them, and can develop their talents well, even if they have some limitations. Samuel Samuel Cecilia Miriam
Pietro Cecilia
Miriam Samuel
Now it’s your turn
An interest develops because someone or something encourages you to “get involved and participate.” It pushes you to explore the world and engage with it.
WRITING
An aptitude also helps you connect with things and people around you. It is the natural ability that makes it easier for you to be a certain way or do a certain thing. An aptitude is a part of you, while an interest comes from something that attracts you and that you enjoy.
9 What are your interests? Do you feel good at something special? What do you do to develop your skills? Write them down.
Students' own answers
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But ���n ��u �h����d, a�� y�� �o��d ���er ����re��s t�a� b����e m��� i�p����n� �or ���. A�l i���r���s a�� re��, ��t �o�� c���ge, ���l� o���r� �t�� �he ����.
Whe� ��� c�o��� yo�� �t��� pa��, �t �� i�p����n� �o fin� �o�r ���b�e ��t��e�t�. T�es� ��e �h� ���er���s ��u ha�� ��d �o� � l��� ti��.
My skills
10 We all develop skills, but we aren’t great at everything in the same way, even in the things we enjoy. Which skills do you think you have developed the most?
Students' own answers
• Colour one dot for activities where you are good, but not very good;
• Colour two dots for the ones where you are very good.
1
I can find the main ideas in a text to remember them.
I can use the Internet to find information I need.
I can read and understand texts with some unknown words.
I can concentrate in school without too much effort.
I can study on my own without help. I can organise my study and classwork well.
2
3 Study Skills Manual and Technical Skills
I can do house chores on my own.
I can fix small problems with my bike or a toy.
I can help with home maintenance work.
I can sew/knit/do small crafts.
I can cook everyday meals on my own.
I can swim/ski/play soccer/volleyball/tennis, etc., quite well.
I can walk and move for a long time even if it’s tiring.
I can catch something if it falls out of my hand.
I can play ball games, jump rope, hop on one foot, etc., without too much effort.
I am well-coordinated.
Logical and Technological Skills
I can solve maths problems without much difficulty.
I can easily solve riddles and quizzes.
I can use a computer to browse the Internet and write texts.
I can play logic games.
I can do technical drawings.
I can find the cause of something if I observe it closely.
4
Artistic and Creative Skills
I play an instrument, either solo or in a band.
I take care of the houseplants or garden and know how to care for them well.
I can invent funny and exciting stories. I can draw freehand or using a graphic tablet or computer software.
I remember song lyrics and sing often and well.
I can understand how to repair something.
I can imagine original solutions when I have a problem.
I can imitate people's voices and attitudes.
5
Interpersonal interaction skills
I can work well with everyone and create a good atmosphere.
I can admit when I make a mistake and apologise if needed.
I can ask for help with things I’m not good at.
I can listen to my classmates and friends and help them if I can.
I can listen to everyone’s opinions, even if they are very different from mine.
I can be with people who are a bit older or younger than me.
I can lead a group so that everyone is happy and works well.
I can keep company with and take care of a family member’s small needs if they are unwell.
11 LOOK AT YOUR CHOICES Is there an area where you coloured more dots than in others? Or do you have about the same number of dots across different areas? What do you think your strengths are, now that you have analysed your skills? Do you have any other skills that were not in the lists?
Students' own answers
12 COMPITO DI REALTÀ Work in groups of five or six. Real-life tasks are a great way to develop soft skills. With your group, choose one of the two proposed tasks. You will need to plan every important aspect. You’ll need a tablet or a computer and should check with adults on certain points.
Students' own answers
A B SPORTS EQUIPMENT DONATION A TRIP FOR EVERYONE
The gym at your school will receive a donation of sports equipment, and the donor wants to know what your class truly needs. They have asked for a list of three to five items that will be added to your current gym.
• Make a list of the equipment you already have, sorting them by condition: excellent, good, acceptable, or poor. Also, organise them by size.
• Prepare a message for the donor explaining which equipment you would like to receive and why. Don’t forget to thank them!
Your class is planning a trip to a museum in your city or a nearby city. Everyone will participate, including a student with limited mobility.
• After doing some online research, prepare a report for the teachers detailing any existing physical barriers in the available facilities. Remember to exclude from the trip any museums or attractions that are not accessible to the entire class.
• If it’s an out-oftown trip, check the accessibility of transport as well.
Fields of study and life paths
13 TEST Now carefully read the test options and make your choice. Be careful: you can only select one!
Students' own answers
Do you think your greatest talent right now is imagination in creating fantastic worlds. creativity in designing new useful items for everyday life.
friendliness in interacting with others. precision in completing assigned tasks. dedication to caring for plants or your pet. ability to explain the characteristics of a good product to others.
3 2
If you are asked to choose a NEW HOBBY now, you pick reading. a hands-on activity. an artistic activity. growing vegetables in pots. learning to use management software on the computer. learning the Chinese language. 1
When you think about your FUTURE JOB, you imagine yourself designing new devices. in a classroom teaching your students. in an office doing administrative tasks. in a museum organising a new exhibit. in the mountains managing your farm and agritourism. deciding how to set up your shop window display.
14 Have you found your path, or do you still have many options open? Don’t worry, there’s still time to think it over and make your choice!
15 HELP THEM CHOOSE! What advice would you give Silvia, Angelo, Roberto and Asia? Write your suggestions.
Silvia
Silvia does not feel very confident about studying and wants to enter the job world right away. She really enjoys everything about personal care, both aesthetic and medical. She often helps her friends with makeup and hairstyles for parties, and in her free time, she volunteers at a nursing home. There, she helps the medical staff by taking the elderly outside and helping them with their basic needs.
Roberto
is willing to commit è disposto a impegnarsi
Asia Angelo
Angelo likes to read and writes fantasy stories in his free time, which he publishes on a blog with a good following. He wants to make these interests his future, maybe becoming a journalist if he cannot become a writer. He is willing to commit to a five-year study programme.
Students' own answers
When he was little, Roberto thought about being a painter because he liked to draw and colour, but now he does not do very well in art subjects. He recently discovered some drawing programmes on the computer and realised he can be very creative. He wants to take a course related to the arts using computer tools, and it should not be too long. However, he does not want to close the door on going to university in the future because he likes studying.
Asia is good at logical-mathematical games, even though she finds maths classes boring. She does not apply herself much, which means she doesn't have great results. She really enjoys doing physics and chemistry experiments because she understands how certain phenomena work. If she could focus on these interests and learn mostly through practice, she could commit to a five-year programme.
EXTRA GRAMMAR A
Second conditional VIDEO MAP
1
a make someone feel disappointed
b forgive and become friends again
c argue and stop being friends
d become calmer
e support or defend
f criticise
2 Read the two problems that teenagers have written to this website asking for advice. Match each problem to the correct reply.
Harry is here to help Problems
Hi Harry,
I found out my friends talk about me behind my back. I don’t wear expensive clothes and I thought my friends were cool about it but the other day they were dissing my trainers. And they posted a video on social media. I was really hurt and I’ve fallen out with my best friend because of this. Any advice for me?
Hi Harry,
The other day my mate was wearing some terrible trainers and some friends were laughing and making rude comments. One of the group recorded it and posted the video on social media. My friend saw it and now she’s not talking to me. In the video I was only standing there and I didn’t join in. I don’t know what to do. Theo 2
Replies
3 Read the texts again and answer the questions. What aspect of Janet did her friends criticise? Her trainers.
1 Why did they criticise this? 2 What were the friends doing in the video they posted online?
3 How did Janet feel when she saw the video? 4 What does Harry advise Janet to do?
5 What does Harry advise Theo to do?
Okay, you didn’t join in but you didn’t stop them or say anything. It isn’t easy, I know, but you should stick up for people in situations like this. You let your friend down. If you saw a video like this about yourself, how would you feel? You’d be angry and upset, right? If I were you, I’d apologise and give her some time to cool down. Then I’m sure you’ll make up in a few days.
Harry A
You call these people your friends, but I’m not so sure. If they were good friends, they wouldn’t criticise you like this. A good friend would defend you. Clothes aren’t important. They don’t make a person and you know that. If I were you, I’d see if they apologise and then see how they behave in the future. But maybe it’s time to look for some new friends to hang out with.
Harry B
4 PAIRWORK Answer the questions.
1 Do you agree with the advice that Harry gives to Janet and Theo?
2 Who do you ask for advice if you have a problem with your friends?
3 How would you feel if one of your friends dissed your clothes or appearance?
4 Why is it important to stick up for your friends?
5 What other qualities are important in friendships?
LEARN IT!
Usiamo il Second conditional per parlare di situazioni improbabili o immaginarie. Nella frase subordinata con if si usa il Past simple mentre nella frase principale si usa would, o 'd per la forma contratta, seguito dalla forma base del verbo.
If they were good friends, they wouldn't criticise you like this. La frase principale può precedere la frase subordinata. Remember! L’espressione “Se fossi in te” si traduce con If I were you. If I were you, I'd apologise and give her some time to cool down.
5 Match the two parts of the sentences.
f If I argued with my best friend,
1 If we went to the party,
2 If my family were rich,
3 Mum would give me more pocket money
4 If we weren’t late,
5 If I didn’t like you,
6
Choose the correct alternative.
What did / would your parents say if you got / would get a bad mark in English?
1 I wouldn't / didn’t know what to do in the evening if I wouldn’t / didn’t have Netflix.
2 If I didn’t / wouldn’t have so much homework, I helped / would help you cook dinner.
3 I’d buy / bought those sneakers if I have / had more money.
4 We were / would be really happy if we could / would go to the concert.
5 If you had / didn’t have a big breakfast, you wouldn't be / weren’t so hungry at break time.
6 If Sally would have / had a bigger bedroom, she would invite / invited her friends for a sleepover.
7 Did / Would Monica come to the party if you would invite / invited her?
7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
If I won (win) the competition, I would buy (buy) a new tablet.
c a d b studied had lived weren’t let would pass would go would see would play wouldn’t forgive
a we’d have a good time.
b we’d catch the bus.
c if I asked her.
d I wouldn’t spend so much time with you.
e I’d travel to school in a limousine.
f I’d feel very upset.
8
1 If you (study) hard, you (pass) your exams.
2 If Lucy (have) more money, she (go) shopping.
3 If we (not be) tired, we (play) football with you.
4 If my grandparents (live) nearer, we (see) them more often.
5 If Paul (let) me down, I (not forgive) him.
Complete these sentences with your own ideas.
1 School would be more fun if
2 If I had more free time
3 If I lived in the USA
4 My bedroom would be nicer if
5 If my grandparents gave me €500 for my birthday
6 I’d find English easier if
Reported speech VIDEO MAP
1 Look
2 Read the diary entries of three students about an incident with a laptop at school. Who does each student blame?
Lucy blames Janice blames . Simon blames .
What a nightmare at school yesterday! This is the scene. I’m at my desk because I want to study more for a test. Janice and Simon are by the teacher’s desk and they’re throwing a ball to each other. Janice throws the ball to me but she knocks the laptop on the oor. At that point the teacher walks in. She asked why I had a ball in class. I said it wasn’t my ball but then she saw the cracked screen and put two and two together. She said I was responsible and I had to go to detention after school. It’s not fair.
Lucy3 Read the diary entries again and write who says these things: the teacher, Lucy, Janice or Simon.
I’m very unhappy with you. teacher
1 I’m innocent.
2 You can’t go on the school trip.
3 Why do you have a ball in class?
4 It isn’t my ball.
5 Who is responsible?
6 You have to go to detention.
7 I’m trying to help.
4 Who do you think cracked the screen? Why do you think that? Explain your point of view to the rest of the class, then have a class vote on who is guilty. Which student, Janice, Lucy or Simon, got the most votes?
I got into trouble at school because of Simon. Yesterday in class, Simon broke the class laptop. This is what happened. It’s break time and Lucy is studying as usual. I’m playing around with Simon. I throw a ball to him and he tries to catch it but he trips over the computer cable and the laptop falls on the oor. I’m putting the laptop back on the desk when the teacher walks in. I said I was trying to help, but she said she was very unhappy with me and she gave me detention. She also said I couldn’t go on the school trip. It’s so unfair.
Janice
At school yesterday I got the blame for something Lucy did. Imagine the scene. It’s break time and Janice and I are playing with a ball. Everything is OK but then Janice throws the ball to Lucy who gets cross because she’s trying to study. She throws it back really hard and it hits the computer screen. Just as I pick up the ball, the teacher walks in. She asked who was responsible for damaging the laptop. I said I was innocent but she didn’t believe me. Lucy didn’t say anything, so I got a detention. It’s just not fair.
• Nel discorso diretto (direct speech) si riportano le parole esatte che vengono dette con una frase tra virgolette: ‘I am innocent.’
• Il discorso indiretto (reported speech) si usa quando riferiamo quello che qualcuno dice o ha detto.
I said I was innocent.
Il discorso indiretto di solito è introdotto dai verbi say o tell.
Quando la persona a cui si parla non è indicata si usa say Quando la persona a cui si parla è indicata si usa tell
She told me she was innocent.
Quando il verbo che introduce il discorso indiretto è al presente (Janice says…) nel passaggio dal discorso diretto all’indiretto il tempo verbale non cambia. Negli altri casi i tempi verbali cambiano.
Direct
speech Reported speech
Present simple Present simple
‘I’m at my desk.’ Lucy says (that) she’s at her desk.
Present simple Past simple
‘The teacher walks in.’ Lucy said (that) the teacher walked in.
‘You can’t go on the school trip.’
‘You have to go to detention.’
5
6
Complete the sentences with the Past simple of say or tell. He said he was born in England.
Remember! Cambiano sempre anche i pronomi personali, gli aggettivi possessivi, i dimostrativi e le espressioni di tempo nel passaggio da discorso diretto a indiretto. said said told told didn’t have any homework
1 He us he was from Italy.
2 My mum I had to go to bed early.
3 My mum me to go to bed.
4 They they were at the library.
Le domande nel discorso indiretto (reported questions) sono introdotte dal verbo ask, che può essere seguito da if, se alla domanda si risponde con un sì o con un no, oppure da una parola interrogativa.
Come nel discorso indiretto, è necessario cambiare il tempo verbale, i pronomi, la persona del verbo, gli aggettivi possessivi e dimostrativi.
‘Do dogs eat fruit?’ He asked if dogs ate fruit. ‘Where do you live?’ Joe asked me where I lived.
Reported questions
7
Reorder the words to make reported questions.
came / asked / I / London / me / she / to / when She asked me when I came to London.
1 from / where / asked / was / we / she / her
2 asked / Jake / my / was / where / phone / I
The teacher said I couldn’t go on the school trip.
The teacher said I had to go to detention.
Rewrite the following sentences using reported speech.
The cat is at the vet’s.
He said the cat was at the vet’s
1 I don’t have any homework.
She said she
2 I can’t come shopping with you tomorrow. She told me
she couldn’t come shopping with me the
8
3 me / worked / he / where / I / asked
4 happy / asked / if / I / he / was / me
Write the reported questions.
Why do you want to borrow my bike?’ (Paul / ask) Paul asked me why I wanted to borrow his bike.
1 When does the train leave? (Rashid / ask)
2 Do you want to go home? (Lucy / ask)
3 What time does the club meet? (Nick / ask)
4 Can you close the door? (Andrea / ask)
9
Think of a celebrity and write down five questions you would like to ask him/her. Then imagine the answers.
Students' own answers
‘Billie Eilish, are you happy with your lifestyle?’
3 Your marks are on the online register.
our marks were on the online
The teacher told us .
next day register
4 I watch this TV series with my friends.
He said
he watched that
‘Yes, I’m very lucky'.
10 You’ve had the chance to interview this celebrity. Now tell your friend all about it.
I interviewed Billie Eilish. I asked her if she was happy with her lifestyle and she told me she was very lucky. Then I asked…
LEARN IT!
LEARN IT!
Round-up of modal verbs
1 Read the texts and underline the sentences where you can find the following functions.
• talking about ability
• talking about possibility
• talking about permission
• making a request
• giving advice
• making a promise
• expressing obligation
• expressing prohibition
• making a proposal
• making a prediction
• making an invitation
Would you like to try whitewater rafting? Come to our new centre at Longley River on Saturday to see what it’s about. Our experts are on hand to answer all your questions and you can have a free 20-minute trial. You must be over 14 to take part. We’re sure that you’ll love it!
I can’t do my Spanish homework. Can you come over and help me? Pretty please! I’ll do you a favour to pay you back. Anything you want!
Shall we meet at 6.30 today? I have to be home at 10 p.m. My parents have given me a curfew and I hate it. It’s so early. And I can’t be late or they’ll get mad at me.
Key p. 275 ‘ll Can must should mustn’t
You asked me for ideas for Andy’s birthday present. You could get him a voucher, but it’s a bit boring. I think you should get the new FIFA game for his console. What do you think? You mustn’t tell him though. You’re so bad at keeping secrets!
2 Complete the sentences with a suitable modal verb. Choose among the following: can, must, have to, will, should in the correct form.
Julie has to study a lot this week because she has exams next week.
1 I know you don’t like editing photos so don’t worry, I do it for you.
2 I borrow your phone, please? I forgot mine at home.
3 The exam is finished. You stop writing now. Put your pens down immediately.
4 'I feel tired and stressed.' 'You try mindfulness exercises.'
5 You touch the paintings and sculptures in the gallery. They’re very valuable.
LISTENING – Multiple matching with pictures
1 Ascolta Alicia parlare del lavoro che fa sua zia Sara e scegli l’immagine corretta (A, B o C).
2 Ascolta di nuovo e scegli la risposta corretta (A, B o C).
Alicia’s aunt is going to work in London
A next week.
B next year.
C next month.
3 INVALSI Ascolta alcuni ragazzi parlare di mestieri. Abbina le immagini (A-H) ai nomi dei ragazzi. Ci sono due immagini in più.
p.
EXAM STRATEGIES
• Osserva attentamente le immagini prima dell’ascolto. Fai attenzione perché ci sono sempre due immagini in più, che non avrai bisogno di utilizzare.
• Leggi i nomi delle persone e segui con attenzione l’abbinamento svolto per l’esempio per capire come procedere con gli altri abbinamenti.
READING – Gap-fill (with pool)
1 Leggi le frasi e completale con le parole dal riquadro.
health and the environment • this figure will double • planet will suffer a small percentage • throw away millions • generate more e-waste
Every year people throw away millions of electrical and electronic devices.
1 In 2022, the global population produced an estimated 62 million tonnes of e-waste (or electronic waste) and scientists say by 2050.
this figure will double
2 It is the world’s fastest growing solid waste material and people collect and recycle only .
a small percentage
3 If people don't recycle them properly, then they are a risk to
generate more e-waste
EXAM STRATEGIES
• Leggi con molta attenzione le frasi nel riquadro.
• Poi leggi il testo e cerca di abbinare le frasi.
• Fai attenzione alle parole che connettono le frasi tra loro.
health and the environment
4 Richer countries . African countries generate under 2% of e-waste per person while a European country generates over 20% e-waste per person.
5 Something must be done or the .
planet will suffer
2 Leggi di nuovo le frasi dell’es. 1 e sottolinea l’alternativa corretta.
Smartphones / Plastic bags are examples of e-waste.
1 By 2050, there will be more / less e-waste.
2 There can be problems to our homes / health if we don’t recycle e-waste correctly.
3 Rich / Poor countries generate less than 5% of e-waste per person.
4 A country like Norway / Ethiopia generates more than 20% of e-waste per person.
3 INVALSI Leggi il testo che parla di come aiutare l’ambiente e completalo con le frasi nel riquadro. C’è una frase in più.
turn off the lights • fight against climate change • you’ll stay healthy too they’ll know what to do • drive you to school • e-waste collection bins there won’t be any fish • own special video
There’s no Planet B!
Every year thousands of kids around the world do something to ght against climate change. They do many activities, like planting trees, cleaning up their towns, going on nature walks, recycling things and special art projects.
own special video
Last year, Jake Wood from Birmingham made his (1) (with the help of his dad!) to tell his schoolfriends about things they can do to help the environment. He talks about plastic in his video: ‘If we continue to use plastic like we do today, then soon 2) in the oceans!’
there won’t be any fish
e-waste collection bins
He’s going to start using a bamboo toothbrush and this year, he’ll help the environment by putting (3) around his town and making sure that people recycle all the old computers and smartphones. Another tip he gives in the video is about electricity. Unplug your electrical devices and 4) when you out. If you do this, you’ll save a lot of electricity! Finally, walk more! If your parents (5) , for example, you’ll make a lot more air pollution. Walk or cycle to school instead and (6) ! So… what are you going to do to help the environment?
turn off the lights
drive you to school you’ll stay healthy too
LISTENING – Four-option multiple choice
1 Ascolta il racconto di Lisa su una vacanza e indica (✔) i tipi di vacanza che nomina.
Audioscript p. 276
2 Ora leggi le risposte e completa le domande.
Questions Answers
1 cruises has Lisa’s grandma been on? Four or five cruises.
2 does Lisa prefer doing? She prefers camping.
3 has Lisa’s grandma gone to? Italy and Greece.
What How many Where
3 INVALSI Ascolta Josh parlare di una vacanza e scegli la risposta corretta (A, B o C).
Audioscript p. 276
Josh is in A America.
B Australia.
C New Zealand.
D China.
1 He’s staying in Sydney for A two months.
B one month.
C a week.
D three weeks.
2 His mum and dad have been to Africa
A once.
B twice.
C three times.
D never.
3 Josh says he’s lost his A passport.
B rucksack.
C smartphone.
D suitcase.
4 Tomorrow morning, Josh’s going
A to the beach.
B to the airport.
C to the shops.
D to the supermarket.
5 Josh wants to go surfing
A this afternoon.
B tomorrow.
C on Monday.
D this weekend.
EXAM STRATEGIES
• Leggi le domande e cerca di capire quali parole potresti sentire nell’audio.
• Al primo ascolto, cerca di rispondere a più domande possibili.
• Al secondo ascolto, veri ca l’esattezza delle tue risposte.
READING – True / False / Not given questions
1 Leggi l’email di Grace e indica (✔) le frasi corrette.
• Leggi le frasi e individua le parole chiave.
• Poi leggi velocemente il testo per coglierne il senso generale.
• Leggi una seconda volta e cerca di capire in quale paragrafo del testo sono contenute le risposte alle domande.
Hi Viv,
I’ve just been to the gym – I joined it last week. It’s great, I love it! I did CrossFit this morning and I haven’t felt so fit for ages. Do you want to join too? It’s only £35 a month and you can go anytime you want. By the way, I haven’t seen Nick yet so I don’t know what time the party starts tomorrow but I’ve already chosen what to wear… I’ll send you a photo of my outfit later! Love, Grace xx
Grace doesn’t like the gym. She is fitter now than before. She pays less than £40 per month.
She thinks Viv is going to the party. She knows what she’s going to wear. She’s just sent Viv a photo.
2 Leggi di nuovo il testo. Quale delle frasi dell’es. 1 contiene un’informazione che non viene detta da Grace? Correggi le altre frasi false.
3 INVALSI Leggi il testo e decidi se le frasi (1-6) sono vere (T), false (F) o se l’informazione non viene data (NG).
How to have a healthy lifestyle
Have you eaten too much chocolate and junk food recently? Are you a bit overweight and tired? Well, we all know how important it is to have a healthy lifestyle but maybe you’ve forgotten what you should do… so, here are six tips to help you remember!
Tip 1 Eat healthy food – green vegetables, bre, vitamins and minerals. If you haven’t had lunch yet, don’t forget to eat some protein and fruit too.
Tip 2 Have you drunk enough water today? You should drink around 2 litres a day to keep your body t and healthy.
Tip 3 Exercise! How many steps have you done today? 100 or 1,000? Exercise, even just walking to school or work, gives you energy and boosts your mood while it helps to reduce disease too.
Tip 4 Reduce your sitting time. Have you watched TV today? How long have you spent on your tablet or smartphone? Are you a bit of a couch potato? Spending less time sitting can de nitely improve your health.
Tip 5 Go outside – you haven’t been outside yet today? Well, go now because it helps your mental health and sunlight is the best source of vitamin D.
Tip 6 … and the nal tip is simply get between six and eight hours sleep a night and don’t use a lot of technology, especially late at night.
If you can do all this, then you’re on the right road for a healthy lifestyle.
It’s fine to have junk food two or three times a week. F
1 The writer had chicken for lunch.
2 You should drink no more than a litre of water a day.
3 Walking is a great form of exercise.
4 You shouldn’t sit for a long time.
5 The writer hasn’t been outside since yesterday.
6 Eight-hour sleep is too much for an adult.
LISTENING – Multiple matching (sentence beginnings to their endings)
1 Leggi le frasi e completale con le parole nel riquadro.
first mentioned the idea • today’s biggest technology trends by the Boeing researcher Thomas Caudell.
AUGMENTED REALITY AUGMENTED REALITY
1 Augmented reality is one of .
today’s biggest technology trends
2 A man called L. Frank Baum .
first mentioned the idea by the Boeing researcher Thomas Caudell
3 It was first called ‘augmented reality’ .
2 Ora ascolta il testo e controlla le tue risposte all’es. 1.
Audioscript p. 276
3 INVALSI Ascolta un ragazzo che parla della realtà aumentata e abbina le prime parti delle frasi (1-5) alle seconde (a-i). Ci sono tre parti di frase in più.
Audioscript p. 276
Augmented reality
1 Ivan Sutherland invented the
2 Videoplace was a laboratory
3 Augmented reality appeared
4 IKEA used augmented reality
5 Augmented reality is
a at a university
b in Australia.
c first appeared in the 1960s.
d first head-mounted display.
e all about military pilots.
f in sport in the 1990s.
g to help customers choose things.
h first videogame.
i all around us.
EXAM STRATEGIES
• Leggi con attenzione le prime parti delle frasi (1-5) e assicurati di capirne il signi cato.
• Poi leggi le seconde parti delle frasi (a-i) e cerca di capire a quali parti 1-5 potrebbero essere abbinate.
• Al primo ascolto, abbina quante più parti di frasi possibile.
• Al secondo ascolto, veri ca l’esattezza delle tue risposte.
World Energy Saving Day
21st October
Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything
wisely in modo saggio non-renewable sources fonti non rinnovabili a ordable accessibile, che ci si può permettere pressure cooker pentola a pressione
People have celebrated World Energy Saving Day every year on 21st October since 2012, thanks to the World Energy Forum. Many countries also have their own National Energy Saving Day. For example, in Italy, it takes place on 16th February. The goal of Energy Saving Day is to help people understand the importance of using energy wisely and reducing the amount of energy we use each day. These events give us a chance to think about how we can cut down on energy consumption.
Protecting our planet is not easy, but it’s something we all need to do. Energy use has important consequences for our planet because most of the energy we use today still comes from non-renewable sources like coal, oil and gas. Burning these sources creates gases that contribute to climate change.
Another reason why saving energy is important is to make sure there is enough energy for everyone in the future. Some people, especially in poorer countries, don’t have any energy at all. By saving energy, we can make it more a ordable and accessible to everyone. This way, more people can have access to essential things like light, heat and electricity, which we use every day.
So, what can you do at home on Energy Saving Day? It’s not just about turning o lights or unplugging devices (although those things help!). You can also reduce your energy use by cooking smarter – try using a microwave or a pressure cooker, as they consume less energy. Another way is by using natural light during the day instead of turning on lamps. Try to use energy-e cient appliances, like LED bulbs and energy-saving refrigerators, which help reduce energy use in the long term. Small actions like these can help save energy and protect the planet!
What can I do on Energy Saving Day?
• Organizes a No electricity hour at home: get your family involved by turning o all lights and devices in the house for an hour – play a board game or read a book instead!
• Start a recycling project: recycling materials saves energy – it takes less energy to recycle materials than to make new ones!
• Share tips and facts about energy saving with friends online: encourage others to join the cause to make an even bigger impact!
Albert Einstein
1 PAIRWORK Look at the pictures. Answer the questions.
1 How are the people saving energy?
2 Do you do any of these things? Which ones?
3 What other ways to save energy can you think of?
2 Read and listen to the text. Does it mention any of the ideas you talked about in ex. 1?
3 Read and listen to the text again. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
World Energy Saving Day is celebrated on 21st / 16th October.
1 World Energy Saving Day is a global / national event.
2 Events like this make us think about how we can use less / more energy.
3 Most of the energy we use today comes from non-renewable / renewable resources.
4 Burning coal, oil and gas has positive / negative consequences for our planet.
5 Big / Small actions can help us make big changes.
QUIZ How can we save energy?
Task one GROUP WORK Help each other to answer the quiz.
Name three actions that help save water and energy.
CLIL – TECHNOLOGY: Renewable energy
at the
Answer the
Which of the pictures represent
1 a natural resource?
2 a fossil fuel?
3 a renewable energy source?
4 a resource that is dangerous for our planet?
2 Read the sentences and write T (true) or F (false). Then watch the video to check your answers.
Videoscript p. 276
How does using public transport instead of a car save energy?
Task two GROUP WORK Do some research to find out the answers to the quiz questions.
Task three Share your findings with the rest of the class. How many groups agree on the answers? Create a list of good tips for saving energy.
We use energy to eat, travel, work and even to meet people. T
1 Most of the energy we use today comes from fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas.
2 Plants are used to produce biomass fuels.
3 Coal, oil and natural gas are dangerous but cheap.
4 Fossil fuels will probably disappear in 500 years.
5 We can produce energy from sea waves and rain.
6 At the moment, we still don’t have the technology to stop using fossil fuels.
3 PAIRWORK Tell each other as much as you can remember from the video. Then, write a short text in which you summarise the information you have put together.
International Day Against Bullying and Cyberbullying
FIRST THURSDAY ON NOVEMBER
be safe, inclusive and welcoming places for all students.
Every year, many students around the world are bullied at school and online. Bullying and cyberbullying hurt young people’s feelings and can cause stress and sadness. This can make it hard for them to study or even go to school. A recent study found that 17% of students in France sometimes skip school because they get mean messages from classmates on social media and feel too scared to go.
All children have the right to feel safe, healthy and happy at school. Because of this, UNESCO started the International Day against Violence and Bullying at School, including Cyberbullying, in 2020. Since then, this day has been celebrated every year on the rst Thursday of November. On this day, UNESCO asks schools, parents, and governments to create programmes that teach how to stop bullying and cyberbullying, and how to help children who have experienced it.
This day is very important, especially because many children today use smartphones and tablets from a young age. This is why it’s important to have programmes that help teachers and parents talk to children about bullying and make clear rules for using the Internet at school and at home.
skip school marinano la scuola mean cattivi have the right to hanno il diritto di
What can I do on the Day against Violence and Bullying at School, including Cyberbullying?
• Watch a video or attend a course on how to navigate safely online.
• Organise meetings to talk about how to defend people su ering from bullying.
• Talk with people about the reasons why it is important to celebrate this day.
• Challenge your schoolmates to see who can do the most acts of kindness at school.
• Write kind messages to all your friends on social media.
Audrey Azoulay UNESCO Director General Schools should
1 Look at the pictures. Answer the questions.
1 What is happening in each picture?
2 How do you think the people feel?
3 Why do people sometimes hurt other people’s feelings?
4 How is hurting someone’s feelings on social media different from doing it face-to-face? Why?
2 Read and listen to the text. Number the topics in the order they appear in the text. Cross (✘) the ones that are not mentioned.
Knowing about bullying is important. Bullying can harm students’ mental health. Young people must learn how to behave online. Parents should teach antibullying programmes in schools.
Everyone should feel safe and happy at school.
1 Many students experience bullying at school and online.
Teachers should prohibit technology in class. Young children often use technology. Some students stay at home because of cyberbullying.
COMPITO DI REALTÀ Celebrating the international day against (cyber)bullying
Task one GROUP WORK You and your classmates have decided to celebrate the International Day Against Bullying and Cyberbullying this year. Work in groups and choose one of these activities.
• Make a poster that explains what bullying is and why it should stop.
CLIL – CITIZENSHIP: Digital footprint
1 PAIRWORK Look at the picture. What do you think it represents? Then watch the video and check your answer. Were you right?
• Role play a podcast interview in which experts give tips on how to stop bullying and cyberbullying.
• Write a list of kind actions that you could do in your school to make it a more positive environment.
Decide what you want to include in your poster, role play or list of tips. Divide the activity into smaller tasks and assign one task to each member of your group.
Each member of the group works on his/her task individually. Then work in groups and put your ideas
Present your activity to the class.
YOUR DIGITAL FOOTPRINT is a history of everything you do online. This includes the social media (1) you make, the websites you visit and any information you share. All of these actions add to your digital footprint and (2) use this information to learn about you and offer content based on what you like.
TIPS FOR MANAGING YOUR DIGITAL FOOTPRINT
1 Know what your footprint says (3)
2 Manage your (4)
3 Manage your (5)
4 (6) before you share
3 PAIRWORK Choose three questions from the list below and discuss them in pairs.
• What kind of things do you want people to see in your digital footprint?
• Do you think it’s important to have control over what you share online? Why? / Why not?
• Can you think of examples of things you would and wouldn’t want to remain online forever?
• Do you think young people should learn about digital footprints in school? Why? / Why not? 2 Watch the video again. Complete
• How do you feel knowing that future schools or jobs might see what you post online?
• What kinds of things do you think might hurt someone’s digital footprint?
CITIZENSHIP
27th January
Every year, on 27th January, UNESCO remembers the people who died in the Holocaust. They also promise to keep ghting against antisemitism, racism and other forms of hate that can lead to violence.
On that date in 1945, the Soviet soldiers liberated the Jewish prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Auschwitz was a complex of more than 40 concentration camps in Poland where the Nazis deported and killed many people.
The Holocaust transformed the lives of people in the countries where the Nazis committed these terrible crimes. Today, it is still our responsibility to remember these events, protect important sites and teach people, especially young people, about what happened.
In many countries, people mark Holocaust Remembrance Day with special events. In Poland, for example, many people visit Auschwitz and other former concentration camps to remember the victims and re ect on the horrors of the past. In the United States, museums and schools hold ceremonies and educational activities to teach people about the Holocaust. People also light candles and lay owers at memorials around the world. These ceremonies are important ways to show respect for those who su ered and to make sure that the lessons of the Holocaust are not forgotten.
antisemitism antisemitismo. Odio nei confronti delle persone ebree. lead condurre/spingere
What can I do on Holocaust Day?
• Remember those who died.
• Read and share survivor’s stories.
• Visit important places (e.g. Fosse Ardeatine, San Vittore etc.).
• Your idea:
Remembrance of the Holocaust obliges us to respect human rights and to respect an international order built on the fundamental principle that there is dignity in every human life.
Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, Poland
Audrey Azoulay UNESCO Director General
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, Berlin
Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington DC
1 PAIRWORK Look at the pictures. Discuss the questions with a partner.
1 What can you see in the pictures?
2 How do they make you feel? Why?
3 Which one(s) will you remember? Why?
2 Read and listen to the text. Answer the questions.
Key p. 277
1 What happened on 27th January 1945?
2 How do people celebrate on this day around the world?
3 Why do you think it is important to remember the Holocaust today?
3 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions.
Students' own answers
VALUES What values does Holocaust Remembrance Day invite people to think about?
IDENTITIES Who does Holocaust Remembrance Day remember? Who is its message for?
ACTIONS What actions does Holocaust Remembrance Day encourage?
COMPITO DI REALTÀ Celebrating Holocaust Remembrance Day
Task one GROUP WORK Your school has organised an event to celebrate Holocaust Remembrance Day. Work in groups and choose one of these activities.
CLIL – HISTORY: World War II
1 Match the words from the box to their Italian equivalent.
defeat • drop • exterminate • implement invade • launch • occupy • surrender sconfiggere defeat
1 occupare
2 arrendersi
3 eseguire
4 lanciare
5 sterminare
6 far cadere
7 invadere
2 Watch the video. Put the World War II events (A–F) in chronological order. Write 1 to 6.
Videoscript p. 277
• Make a poster with pictures and information about the Holocaust
• Create a poem about the Holocaust with the word REMEMBER (1st line starts with R; 2nd line with E; etc.)
• Write a short article with this title: ‘Why is remembering the Holocaust important?’
Task two Decide what you want to include in your poster, poem or article. Prepare a plan and assign one task to each member of your group.
Task three Each member of your group works on his/ her part individually. Then work in groups and put all the parts together. Present your activity to the class.
a Germany surrenders.
b 1 World War II starts.
c The atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima and Japan surrenders.
d The ‘Allies’ invade Normandy in France.
e Germany tries to invade Russia, and Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
f Germany defeats and occupies several European countries.
3 PAIRWORK What other important facts do you know about World War II? Discuss them with your partner and do some research. Report your findings to the class.
People from all over the world meet on the March of the Living in Auschwitz - Birkenau.
AWorld Art Day is a special day to celebrate art and help more people enjoy it. It was rst celebrated in 2012, but UNESCO made this day o cial in 2019.
Every year on 15th April, World Art Day reminds us how art connects people and how important it is for the world. It also shows us how artists help make the world a healthier place and why it’s important to teach art in schools. Learning about culture can help schools become fairer and better for everyone.
According to UNESCO, art helps people be creative, learn new things and understand di erent cultures. It’s important for sharing ideas and starting conversations. If we continue to support artists and give them freedom, art can help make the world a better and more peaceful place.
Just as man needs oxygen to survive, he also needs art and poetry.
Aimé Césaire
French poet, writer and politician (1913-2008)
In Mexico, for example, El Día Internacional del Arte is celebrated with cultural exchanges, where artists from di erent backgrounds show their work and share it with the public. This helps people understand and appreciate the culture of marginalised groups.
On World Art Day, UNESCO invites everyone to join in and celebrate. There are fun activities like art courses, debates, exhibitions and other cultural events. It’s a great time to share ideas, learn about and enjoy art together!
What can I do on World Art Day
• Visit a local museum to get to know about local art and artists.
• Do something artistic with your family and friends.
• Make and exhibit your own art.
15th April
fairer più giuste marginalised emarginati
1 PAIRWORK Look at the pictures. Answer the questions.
Students' own answers
1 Look at the pictures. What art forms does each picture represent? What other art forms can you think of?
Other:
2 Read and listen to the text. Match the items (1–5) with their descriptions (a-e) according to what the text says.
d UNESCO
Artists 3 El Día Internacional del Arte 4 Debates
a can help us become better citizens.
b is an event where different cultures meet in person.
c can be a cultural event to attend on World Art day.
d created the World Art Day.
e was first celebrated in 2012.
COMPITO DI REALTÀ Celebrating World Art Day
Task one GROUP WORK The city council in your town has organised an event to celebrate World Art Day. Work in groups and choose one of these activities.
• Design a logo for World Art Day to use on the city council website.
• Make a vlog about local art and artists.
• Write a letter to the city council to suggest what activities they should organise.
Task two Decide:
• how you want to design your logo, or what you want to include in your vlog, or letter
• how you want to organise the work (e.g. in pairs, the whole group together or individually)
Task three Complete the activity. Then, prepare to show and explain it to the rest of the class. Present your activity to the class.
Which work(s) of art in the pictures
1 do you think is boring?
2 do you find interesting?
3 shows strong and bright colours?
2 Watch the video and check your answer to question 4 in ex. 1. Were you right?
Videoscript p. 278
4 do you think belongs to the Pop Art movement?
3 Watch the video again and complete the summary with the words from the box.
1960s • advertisements • bright • everyday popular • sneakers • toys
Pop artists use bold and bright colours. The name Pop Art comes from (1) . Pop artists took (2) objects, such as fruit and drinks, and transformed them into art. Pop Art started in the (3) but it’s still famous today. Pop Art is used on the clothes we wear, like shirts, T-shirts and (4) . Everything can become art: the (5) we find in magazines, the comics that we read, even the (6) children play with today have a Pop style.
popular
everyday 1960s sneakers toys advertisements
4 PAIRWORK Discuss the questions in pairs.
1 Do you like Pop Art?
2 Do you have gadgets or clothes that have a Pop Art style?
3 Do you know any famous Pop artists?
CLIL – ART: Art movements
‘COUNT on ME’, by Bruno Mars
1 Read the text about Bruno Mars and answer the questions.
Key p. 278
1 Where was Bruno Mars born?
2 Why did his father nickname him Bruno?
3 What type of music does Bruno Mars perform?
4 Who are The Hooligans?
5 How many albums did he sell?
6 What is he famous for?
2 PAIRWORK Read the lyric: who is the singer talking to? Compare your opinions with another pair of students.
Bruno Mars
Bruno Mars’ real name is Peter Gene Hernandez and he was born in Honolulu, Hawaii in October 1985. His father nicknamed him ‘Bruno’ when he was only two years old after a professional wrestler named Bruno!
Bruno is an American singer, dancer, songwriter and musician who performs many different musical styles, from pop and R&B to reggae, disco and rock.
Mars usually plays with his band, the Hooligans, and has worldwide sales of over 11 million albums and 68 million singles. He is also famous for his fantastic stage performances.
I’ll be the light to guide you.
3 Listen to the song ‘Count on Me’. What is it about? It’s a song about a kid who’s learning to count. It’s a song about a love story. It’s a song about friendship.
4 Listen to the extract and complete the lines with the words from the box and the First conditional of the verbs in brackets. friends • four • three
If you ever nd (find) yourself stuck in the middle of the sea
I (1) (sail) the world to find you
If you ever (2) (find) yourself lost in the dark and you can’t see
I (3) (be) the light to guide you
Find out what we’re made of When we are called to help our (4) in need
You can count on me like one, two, (5) , I’ll be there And I know when I need it
I can count on you like (6) , three, two, and you’ll be there
Students' own answers 'll sail find 'll be friends three four ✔
’Cause that’s what friends are supposed to do, oh yeah
5 Listen again to the song and check your answers. nicknamed … after gli diede il soprannome di stuck bloccato/a are supposed to do devono fare
‘We Are the CHAMPIONS’, by Queen
1 Read the text about Queen and complete the sentences.
1 ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ and ‘We Will Rock You’ are some of Queen’s most famous .
2 Queen was a band.
3 The band started in London in .
4 Freddie Mercury’s real surname was
5 He in 1991.
2 PAIRWORK Read the lyric: when could you use it? Compare your opinions with another pair of students.
Students' own answers
We’ll keep on fighting till the end.
3 Listen to the song ‘We Are the Champions’. Answer the questions.
Students' own answers
1 What do you think of the song?
2 Which part is your favourite?
3 How does it make you feel?
4 Listen to the extract and complete the lines with the Present perfect of the verbs in brackets.
Queen
With famous songs such as ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’, ‘We Will Rock You’ and ‘We Are the Champions’, Queen became one of the most famous rock bands in the world.
The band formed in London in 1970 with band members Freddie Mercury, Brian May, Roger Taylor and John Deacon.
Freddie Mercury, born Farrokh Bulsara in Zanzibar, was the lead singer and famous for his extravagant stage performances and brilliant voice. Although he died in 1991, Queen has continued to be one of the world’s best-selling groups.
I (1) my dues (PAY)
Time after time
I (2) my sentence (DO)
But committed no crime And bad mistakes
I (3) a few (MAKE)
've paid 've done 've made 've had
I (4) my share of sand (HAVE) kicked in my face
've come
But I (5) through (COME)
And we mean to go on and on and on and on
We are the champions, my friends
And we’ll keep on fighting till the end
We are the champions
We are the champions
No time for losers
’Cause we are the champions of the World
5 Listen again to the song and check your answers. dues conti do my sentence scontare la mia sentenza/condanna committed ho commesso share porzione come through sono sopravvissuto songs
Religious and political festivals
1 Match the words to the definitions.
b preach
1 fast
2 prayer
a the system of owning other people who must obey
b to give a religious speech to a group of people
c an extraordinary, divine event
d words you say to a god
e to eat no food for a period of time
f a contagious disease which kills a lot of people
2 Read and listen to the texts. Which two religions do these festivals belong to?
PASSOVER (Pesach)
RAMADAN
Ramadan is an important festival in the Islamic calendar. The prophet Muhammed, who lived about 1,400 years ago, taught the Muslims to believe in Allah and preached that a period of fasting was necessary every year. During Ramadan, which lasts about thirty days, Muslims cannot eat or drink anything between sunrise and sunset. Normally, families have a meal (called the suhoor) just before the sun comes up and another meal (the iftar) immediately after the sun goes down. Ramadan is also a time for prayer, spiritual reflection and doing good deeds, like helping others in the community. There is no fixed date for Ramadan as it changes every year, according to the cycle of the moon. There is a special festival to mark the end of Ramadan and it begins with the first sight of the new moon in the sky. To celebrate people exchange gifts and make special sweets.
This Jewish festival is in late March or early April and it is essentially a family festival. On this day, the whole family gets together at home and they have a special meal, which includes symbolic food like matzah, a atbread. They narrate how God led Moses and his people from slavery in Egypt to freedom in the Promised Land. They celebrate the bitterness of their many years of slavery and the sweetness of the freedom that followed. Jewish people remember how the plague passed over their houses and entered only those of the Egyptians, killing them and their animals. They recount the miracle of their journey through the Red Sea, when God separated the water and allowed them to pass through, while the Egyptian army were covered by the sea and were unable to stop the Jewish people passing over to the Promised land.
3 Read the texts again and complete the table for the two festivals.
INDEPENDENCE DAY
July
4th is Independence Day in the USA. It celebrates that date in 1776 when the Continental Congress declared that the colonies were no longer subordinate to the British monarchy and signed the Declaration of Independence. The United States of America was born.
It is a national holiday and the most popular one for outdoor barbecues and picnics with friends and family and for hot dogs! Americans consume around 155 million hot dogs on this day, together with lots of chips. Other popular dishes are apple pie and ice cream. There are even watermelon eating competitions. Sport is also a big part of Independence Day, with important baseball league games played and watched all across the country.
1 PAIRWORK What kind of food do you associate with the USA? Make a list and compare your ideas with a partner.
Students' own answers
2 Read and listen to the text. Are your ideas in ex. 1 mentioned?
3 INVALSI Read the text again and decide if the sentences are T (true), F (false) or NG (not given).
The USA became independent on the 4th of July, 1776
1 It is only a holiday in some of the states.
2 It is common to stay indoors to eat with friends and family.
3 People prefer to go to baseball matches rather than watching them on TV.
4 Some people decorate their faces with the American flag.
5 The celebrations in Philadelphia are more popular than those in New York.
Food and sport aside, the Fourth of July is essentially a celebration of American patriotism. American flags are hung everywhere, people dress up in red, white and blue or paint the Star-Spangled Banner on their faces.
Towns and cities hold parades with marching bands and there are usually spectacular rework displays in the evening. New York has one of the biggest firework displays, usually sponsored by the department store Macy’s, while Philadelphia, the city where the Declaration was signed, has historical re-enactments.
4 YOUR TURN Prepare a presentation about a political festival or celebration in your country. Think about these points:
• the date and origin
• official national / local events to celebrate this
• what people usually do / eat / wear
• any special traditions you and your family friends have
VOCABULARY BOOSTER 1
Jobs (2)
1 Ascolta e ripeti i nomi dei mestieri.
2 Trova l’intruso.
vet
4 Ora aggiungi all’es. 3 altri mestieri che conosci.
Students’ own answers
3 Abbina i nomi dei luoghi di lavoro ai mestieri dell’es. 1. Puoi abbinare più di un mestiere a ciascun luogo di lavoro.
electrician, painter
accountant, software developer chemist, shop assistant
5 Ascolta due amici parlare di cosa vogliono fare in futuro. Indica (✔) quali lavori NON vogliono fare.
6 GAME Lavorate a coppie e indovinate che lavoro fa il/la vostro/a compagno/a. A turno, scambiatevi domande e risposte e date degli indizi.
Students’ own answers Audioscript p. 278
Do you work in an office?
Do you work in a hospital?
You’re a doctor!
No, I don’t! I help people every day.
Yes, I do!
VOCABULARY BOOSTER
Environmental problems: causes and solutions
1 Ascolta e ripeti i nomi dei problemi ambientali e delle possibili soluzioni.
CAUSES
SOLUTIONS
VOCABULARY BOOSTER 2
2 Abbina i problemi ambientali alle possibili soluzioni.
b deforestation 1 water pollution 2 air pollution 3 landfill 4 overfishing 5 traffic fumes
6 industrial gases
3 Completa le frasi con le parole dell’es. 2.
a bike sharing
b plant more trees
c protect endangered animals
d use public transport
e use less plastic
f use renewable energy
g recycle and reuse
People put all the rubbish from the city in a land ll outside the town.
1 Cutting down trees in the Amazon Rainforest is an example of
2 Catching too many fish from the ocean leads to
3 Throwing plastic and chemicals into rivers causes .
4 Breathing can be harmful to your health, especially in big cities.
5 Cars and buses produce , which make the air dirty.
6 Factories release into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.
4 Completa le frasi con i verbi mancanti.
Reuse plastic bottles and other containers as many times as possible.
1 all types of waste, including food and clothes, and more.
2 electric public transport to reduce air pollution.
3 more trees.
4 endangered animals to help the planet's wildlife.
5 water to help in case of drought.
5 Ascolta i mini-dialoghi e completa le frasi. Quale dialogo è illustrato nella foto?
1 Mia and Noah are talking about in the lake.
Audioscript p. 279
2 The boys want to organise a conference to talk about .
3 Ethan says that Lucy should try to by using reusable bags.
Reduce toxic waste climate change reduce plastic Use recycle deforestation overfishing water pollution traffic fumes air pollution industrial gases Plant Protect Save
6 PAIRWORK A turno, parlate di qualcosa che avete fatto per proteggere l’ambiente.
Students’ own answers
Every summer I go and pick up rubbish on my local beach.
I recycle all my old clothes and books and take them to charity shops.
VOCABULARY BOOSTER 3
Holiday accommodation
1 Ascolta e ripeti i nomi dei luoghi in cui alloggiare in vacanza.
B&B cabin campsite
caravan
guest house
health spa
holiday village
homestay hotel
2 Completa la mappa con le parole dell’es. 1. Luxury holiday
VOCABULARY BOOSTER 3
3 Completa le frasi con le parole nel riquadro. Ci sono due parole in più che non devi usare. camping • cabin • guest house • B&B • resort • youth hostel • homestay • caravan
A resort is a place where lots of people spend their holidays.
1 A is a small place where you can stay overnight and have breakfast included.
2 A is a vehicle that people can live or sleep in while traveling.
3 A is a cheap option for students who don’t mind sharing a room.
4 A is a small hotel, usually run by a family.
5 A is a small house made of wood.
Audioscript p. 279
5 PAIRWORK A turno, fate domande al/la vostro/a compagno/a sulle loro vacanze. Chiedete se ha mai alloggiato nei luoghi dell’es. 1 e se sì, quando, dove e con chi.
4 Ascolta il dialogo e abbina Olly e Natalie ai luoghi in cui hanno soggiornato. Yes, I have! Have you ever done a homestay?
Adjectives
to talk about your mood
1 Ascolta e ripeti gli aggettivi per parlare di come ci si sente.
2 Completa la mappa con gli aggettivi dell'es. 1.
3 Aggiungi alla mappa dell’es. 2 altri aggettivi che conosci per descrivere emozioni e sentimenti.
Students’ own answers
4 Leggi questi aggettivi e cerca gli opposti fra le parole dell’es. 1. La prima lettera di ogni aggettivo è data. confused con dent
1 energetic c 2 pleased u 3 stressed r 4 optimistic a 5 excited f
5 Completa le frasi con gli aggettivi nel riquadro. Ci sono tre aggettivi in più che non devi usare. sorry • stressed • upset • optimistic • exhausted • relaxed • lonely • fed up • confused
He looked confused when I asked him the question.
1 I’m with studying for exams when the weather is so nice outside!
2 I feel because I let the teacher shout at my friend for something that I did!
3 She feels about the exam tomorrow because she hasn’t studied enough.
4 I feel about our team winning the match because we’ve practised a lot.
5 I don’t sleep well at night, so I am often at school the next day.
energetic calm optimistic pleased relaxed confused embarrassed fed up jealous lonely exhausted sorry stressed upset alm fed up exhausted sorry stressed optimistic pset elaxed fraid ed up
6 PAIRWORK A turno, dite al/la vostro/a compagno/a come vi sentite nelle situazioni nel riquadro. Potete aggiungere altre situazioni a piacimento.
before a difficult exam • when I do sports • when I listen to my favourite type of music when a friend doesn’t reply to my texts • at the end of the day • when I watch a sad film when I eat something I like • when I meet a new person
I feel afraid before a difficult exam. What about you?
Me too, but I try to stay optimistic. I feel...
VOCABULARY BOOSTER 5
Computer parts and devices
1 Ascolta e ripeti i nomi delle parti di un computer.
2 Trova l'intruso.
VOCABULARY BOOSTER 5
3 Scegli l'alternativa corretta.
I wear headphones / microphone when I listen to music on my phone.
1 Many computers now have an inbuilt webcam / printer.
2 You can use an external laptop / hard drive as extra storage.
3 The printer / scanner is very useful for making digital copies of papers.
4 A mobile phone / keyboard allows you to connect to the Internet.
5 You can download books onto a mouse / an e-reader.
4 Abbina i verbi agli oggetti. d connect
switch
5 GAME Lavorate a coppie. A turno, descrivete una parola dell’es. 1 al/la vostro/a compagno/a e indovinate di che parola si tratta. Quante parole riuscite a indovinare in due minuti?
You use this to listen to music aloud.
1 Completa la mappa con le forme mancanti di be going to.
Forma a ermativa
I am going to learn English.
You learn English. He / She is going to learn English. It is going to be cold tomorrow.
We / You / They learn English.
Forma negativa I learn English.
You are not going to learn English. He / She is not going to learn English. It be cold tomorrow.
Forma interrogativa I going to learn English?
Are you learn English? he / she going to learn English? it going to be cold tomorrow? Are we / you / they learn English?
2 Completa la mappa con i pronomi mancanti.
We / You / They are not going to learn English. are going to are going to Am Is Is going to going to who which where that are 'm not isn't are am is am not going to is not going to
BE GOING TO RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Risposte brevi A ermative
Negative
Yes, you . No, you aren't. Yes, I . No, I .
Yes, he / she is No, he / she Yes, it No, it isn't
Yes, we / you / they No, we / you / they aren't
Si usa per parlare di persone. Si usa per parlare di cose.
Si usa per parlare di luoghi. Si usa sia per le persone che per le cose.
1 Cosa farà Sarah nel fine settimana? Completa l’email con la forma corretta di be going to e uno dei verbi nel riquadro.
see • visit • play • have • sunbathe • do
Hi Julie!
How are you? I’m helping mum at home today, but I’m going to visit my cousin this weekend. We (1) the new Marvel film at the cinema and then we (2) dinner in a Chinese restaurant. She loves Chinese food! What (3) you this weekend? Are you going to go to the beach? It’s sunny here, so I (4) ! But I think I (5) tennis with my brother on Sunday. Well, write soon. I really miss you!
are going to see are going to have are going to do am going to sunbathe
am going to play
Sarah
Key p. 279
He’s going to meet his friends. He isn’t going to stay in bed all day.
4 Completa le frasi con la forma corretta di be going to e i verbi tra parentesi.
My aunt Barbara is going to stay (stay) with us for three weeks.
1 Tommy and I (see) that new art exhibition.
2 He (not / do) anything this weekend.
3 you (visit) your grandparents?
4 We (not / invite) many people to the party.
5 he (get) a moped for his birthday?
6 I (study) drama at summer camp.
5 Abbina le due parti delle frasi.
c I don’t like films
1 A friend is a person
2 Can you pass me the magazine
3 Do you know the boy
4 They gave us a radio
Students’ own answers
• go to university
• leave school at fifteen
• become a pop singer
• work in another country
• get married and have children
• work for my dad
2 Scrivi cosa ha intenzione di fare Josh durante l’estate.
3 Pensa al tuo futuro. Scrivi delle frasi sulle tue intenzioni usando (not) be going to e seguendo i suggerimenti.
5 JK Rowling is the novelist
6 These are the students
a which didn’t work.
b who was talking to my brother?
c which don’t have a happy ending.
d who is always ready to help you.
e which is on the sofa?
f who has written Harry Potter books.
g who went to Australia last year.
6 Completa le frasi con who o which.
The Internet is a system which connects millions of computers.
Do you know the girl who is talking to the teacher?
1 Jane! Who’s the boy called you yesterday?!
2 Excuse me, is this the bus goes to the station?
3 We visited a town is an important historic place.
4 An actor is a person plays a role in a film.
5 Penguins are animals live in Antarctica.
6 Leo is the student always gets the best marks.
7 This is the book I told you about yesterday.
are going to see 's not going to do going to visit ’re not going to invite going to get Is Are ’m going to study who who which which which which d f b e g a who who
8 A cook is a person prepares delicious meals for a living.
1 Completa la mappa con le forme mancanti di will. WILL
Forma a ermativa
I / You will grow. He / She / It We / You / They
Forma negativa
Forma estesa
Forma contratta I / You will not grow. I / You grow. He / She / It He / She / It We / You / They We / You / They
Forma interrogativa you / I grow? he / she / it we / you / they
2 Completa le frasi con i verbi mancanti.
Risposte brevi A ermative Negative Yes, I / you will. No, I / you won’t. he / she / it he / she / it we / you / they we / you / they
FIRST CONDITIONAL
1 Riordina le parole. Se necessario, rispondi con risposte brevi affermative (✔) o negative (✘). here / Ben / be / will / soon / ? (✘)
‘Will Ben be here soon?’ ‘No, he won’t.’
1 He / this / time / won’t / Chinese / order
He won’t order Chinese this time.
2 ask / him / will / to join / us / you / ? (✘)
‘Will you ask him to join us?’ ‘No, I won’t.’
3 today / this / work / will / finish / they? (✔)
‘Will they finish this work today?’ ‘Yes, they will.’
4 know / I / don’t / when / she / call / ’ll / him
I don’t know when she’ll call him.
5 will / meet / me / you / restaurant / the / at / ? (✘)
‘Will you meet me at the restaurant?’ ‘No, I won’t.’
6 pub grub / tell / her / will / you / best place / for / the / ? (✔)
‘Will you tell her the best place for pub grub?’ ‘Yes, I will.’
2 Scrivi le frasi usando le parole tra parentesi. It’s very expensive. I won’t buy it.
(I / not / buy / it)
1 He’s lazy.
I won’t help him.
(I / not / help / him)
2 We’re tired.
We won’t go to the party.
(we / not / go to / the party)
3 Jack doesn’t like spicy food. (he / not / like / Mexican food)
He won’t like Mexican food.
4 They’re angry with Nico. (they / not / talk to / him)
They won’t talk to him.
5 I don’t like Annie. (I / not / invite / her / to the party)
I won’t invite her to the party.
3 Completa le frasi con will, ’ll o won’t. Poi scrivi se si tratta di decisione immediata (D) o previsione (P). That suitcase is too heavy. I’ll carry it for you. D
1 I think online shopping increase in the future.
2 I buy some balloons for the party.
3 I don’t think I can buy the jeans today, it’s Sunday. The shop be open.
won’t
4 Don’t worry, Mum. I do the shopping.
5 We’re bored, Dad. We go for a walk.
6 Those trainers are too expensive. I buy them.
4 Leggi le risposte e scrivi le domande.
Will you go to the clothes shop tomorrow?
1
2
3
4
No, I don’t think I’ll go to the clothes shop tomorrow.
Will your brother buy a new moped?
Yes, I’m sure my brother will buy a new moped.
Will you go to the seaside at the weekend?
Yes, I think we’ll go to the seaside at the weekend.
Will he come to the gym?
No, he won’t come to the gym. He’s too lazy!
Will computers replace teacher in the future?
I’m not sure computers will replace teachers in the future.
Will they come to your party?
5 No, they won’t come to my party. They’ll be abroad.
6
Yes, I think I’ll wear my new dress to the party.
5 Completa le frasi con will o be going to. I hope the party will be great!
1 Look at those clouds! It rain soon.
2 OK, I buy the red T-shirt.
3 I think Kieran love this schoolbag. It’s cool!
4 My friends are nice. I’m sure you like them.
5 My dad’s car is old. He buy a new one.
Will you wear your new dress to the party? ’s going to ’s going to ’m going to ’ll will ’ll
6 I invite Marcus to my party because he’s very funny.
6 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
The maths teacher is / will be cross with us if we don’t finish all our exercises.
1 If I win a lottery, I go / will go to Honolulu.
2 If it is / will be sunny and clear, we'll lie down on the beach.
3 If they go out in this rain, they ’ll catch / catch a cold.
4 When I have / will have a problem, I always talk to my mum and dad.
5 If Luna leaves now, she catches / will catch the 7.10 train to Manchester.
6 We will have more resources if we recycle / will recycle different types of waste.
7 If he always drives his moped so fast, he have / will have an accident.
8 When the temperature falls below 0°C, water freezes / will freeze.
1 Completa la mappa con le forme mancanti del Present perfect.
Forma a ermativa
I / You have eaten.
He / She / It .
We / You / They .
Forma interrogativa I / you eaten?
He / She / It
We / You / They
Forma negativa
I / You have not eaten. He / She / It . We / You / They .
PRESENT
2 Completa la mappa con le parole mancanti.
PERFECT never ever has eaten have eaten has not eaten have not eaten Have Have Has has hasn't have haven't affermativa 've interrogative been
Risposte brevi A ermative Negative Yes, I / you have. No, I / you haven’t. he / she / it he / she / it we / you / they . we / you / they .
PRESENT PERFECT with ever / never
Frasi ‘Have you ever to Australia?’ ‘Yes, I have.’ I never been to Australia.
Frasi negative MA con verbo alla forma
1 Completa le frasi con il Present perfect dei verbi tra parentesi.
Mr Keaton has found (find) a tortoise in his garden.
1 Yum! We (eat) it all!
2 Mary (make) a good omelette.
3 The actors (sign) the contract.
4 Paul (buy) some new videogames.
5 Cora and Jack (go) to a rock concert.
6 We (have) a really good time.
7 Lauren (lose) her phone.
8 My aunt Lily (travel) a lot.
2 Completa le frasi con il Past participle dei verbi nel riquadro.
find • begin • be • think • play • read • see
He’s been to Africa.
1 Have you ever football?
2 We haven’t the ring that she lost.
3 He’s two great films at the cinema this week.
4 Have your yoga classes ?
5 Chris hasn’t his latest novel yet!
6 Have they ever of moving to New York?
3 Leggi le risposte e scrivi le domande. Have you ever visited London? No, I’ve never visited London.
Has she ever seen Star Wars?
1 No, she’s never seen Star Wars
Have you ever eaten Japanese food?
2 No, we’ve never eaten Japanese food.
Have they ever played badminton?
3 No, they’ve never played badminton.
Have you ever been to a pop concert?
4 No, I’ve never been to a pop concert.
4 Scrivi le domande e le risposte usando i suggerimenti dati.
Key p. 279
you / go / rock concert? / (✘)
have eaten played have signed seen have gone has travelled has bought started has danced found played has won read has lost has made found has bought begun have had thought has travelled
‘Have you ever been to a rock concert?’ ‘No, I’ve never been to a rock concert.’ your dad / go / to Australia? / (✔) / two years ago
‘Has your dad ever been to Australia?’ ‘Yes, he went to Australia two years ago.’
1 they / eat / Chinese food? / (✘)
2 you / meet / a famous person? / (✘)
3 Sam / read / a comic in English? / (✔) / last week
4 you / see / a shark? / (✘)
5 Luke / play / badminton? / (✘)
6 Mark / lose / his phone? (✔) / last year
5 Rispondi in modo personale usando il Present perfect. Scrivi frasi complete.
Students’ own answers
1 Have you ever been to England?
2 How many times have you eaten pizza this week?
3 Where have you been all morning?
4 Have you bought any new clothes this month?
5 Have you ever ridden a bike?
6 Have you ever listened to classical music?
Has granny ever watched a horror film?
Have you ever had a pet?
5 No, granny’s never watched a horror film!
6 Completa il testo con il Present perfect o il Past simple dei verbi tra parentesi. ) 7)
6 No, I’ve never had a pet.
Michelle is only sixteen but she is a famous ballerina. She has been (be) in four major ballets. She (1) (start) dancing when she was five and she (2) (win) several dance competitions. She (3) (travel) all over the world and (4) (dance) in a lot of different countries. Last month she (5) (play) the part of Juliet at a performance in New York. She’s really good at performing pirouettes. She collects ballet shoes. She (6 (buy) over 50 pairs and last week she ( an old pair of Russian ballet shoes in an antique shop! Her favourite films are musicals, of course.
1 Completa la mappa con le parole mancanti.
PRESENT PERFECT
with for / since
I’ve here for five years.
I’ve lived here since I born.
2 Completa la mappa con le parole mancanti.
PRESENT PERFECT
with just / already / yet
Frasi affermative
since + momento esatto in cui l’azione è iniziata for + periodo di tempo already “appena” just “ ” yet “ ” was lived già non ancora affermative interrogative Have interrogative finished yet haven’t negative
I’ve just finished my homework.
I’ve already done history and now I’m doing science.
Frasi
Frasi Frasi Frasi
I finished my homework yet. you already finished your homework?
Have you your homework ?
1 Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
Charlie’s worked in Russia since / for he was 25.
1 Amy and Jess have studied dance since / for 10 years.
2 I’ve liked him for / since ages.
3 Will has known Harry for / since 2005?
4 We’ve had our dog for / since six months.
5 My parents have been married for / since 2003.
6 Brian has had his guitar since / for he was young.
7 I’ve played tennis for / since two years.
8 He’s lived in Rome for / since he was born.
2 Abbina le domande alle risposte.
d How long have they studied English?
1 How long has she had a dog?
2 How long have your grandparents been married?
3 How long have you had Mrs Collins as a teacher?
4 How long has John lived there?
a He’s lived there since 2000.
b For about one year. I really like her lessons.
c They’ve been together for over 60 years!
d For two weeks. They have learnt a lot.
e Since she was young.
3 Scrivi le domande con How long e il Present perfect seguendo i suggerimenti dati.
she / be / a tap dancer?
How long has she been a tap dancer? you / study / English?
How long have you studied English?
1 your friend / play / keyboards?
How long has your friend played keyboards?
2 you / know / your best friend?
How long have you known your best friend?
4 Riscrivi le frasi inserendo le parole tra parentesi al posto giusto.
I’ve had lunch. (already)
I’ve already had lunch.
1 Matt’s left. (already)
Matt has already left.
2 My grandparents have arrived. (just)
My grandparents have just arrived.
3 Have you brought her present? (yet)
Have you brought her present yet?
3 I’ve finished reading that book. (already)
I’ve already finished reading that book.
4 It’s nine o’clock and we haven’t had dinner. (yet)
It’s nine o’clock and we haven’t had dinner yet.
5 They’ve won a prize. (just)
They’ve just won a prize.
Katie has never been abroad. e b c a Key p. 279
3 you / have / your smartphone?
How long have you had your smartphone?
4 your mother / have / her job?
How long has your mother had her job?
5 you / be / at this school?
How long have you been at this school?
6 you / like / your favourite actor?
How long have you liked your favourite actor?
5 Riordina le parole e formula delle frasi. to / never / been / they / have / Oslo
They have never been to Oslo.
1 already / my / finished / I / essay / have
I have already finished my essay.
2 Manny / yet / arrived / has?
Has Manny arrived yet?
3 parents / just / lunch / have / my / had
My parents have just had lunch.
4 seen / we / that / haven’t / cartoon / yet / new
We haven’t seen that new cartoon yet.
5 holiday / been / your friends / with / ever / have / on / you / ?
Have you ever been on holiday with your friends?
6 Katie / abroad / never / has / been
6 Scrivi cosa ha fatto o non ha fatto Emma per prepararsi al ritorno a scuola usando i suggerimenti dati.
buy / a new school bag (✔)
She’s already bought a new school bag.
1 write / her history essay (✔)
2 finish / her science project (✘)
3 call / her best friend (✔)
4 find / her sports bag (✘)
5 read / Hamlet (✔)
6 choose / a new cover for her phone (✘)
1 Completa la mappa con le parole mancanti.
THE PASSIVE
PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE
Forma affermativa
I make the cake.
I make the cakes.
Forma negativa
I don’t make the cake.
I don’t make the cakes.
Forma affermativa
The cake made by me. The cakes made by me.
Forma negativa
The cake by me. The cakes by me.
Forma interrogativa
Do you make the cake?
Do you make the cakes?
Risposte brevi
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t
Forma interrogativa the cake by you? the cakes by you?
Forma affermativa
I made the cake.
I made the cakes.
Forma negativa
I didn’t make the cake.
I didn’t make the cakes.
Forma affermativa
The cake made by me. The cakes made by me.
Forma negativa
The cake by me. The cakes by me.
Forma interrogativa
Did you make the cake?
Did you make the cakes?
Risposte brevi
Risposte brevi
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t
Forma interrogativa the cake by you? the cakes by you?
Risposte brevi
is isn't made is are aren't are was were wasn’t made was wasn't were weren’t made Was Were aren't made Is Are made made made made
Yes, it . / No, it isn't Yes, they . / No, they .
Yes, it . / No, it Yes, they . / No, they weren't.
Forma attiva
Forma attiva Forma passiva Forma passiva
1 Completa le frasi con la forma passiva del Present simple dei verbi tra parentesi.
Recycled paper is brought (bring) here.
1 The plastic (take) to the treatment plant.
2 Aluminium cans (recycle) here.
4 Completa le frasi con la forma passiva del Past simple dei verbi tra parentesi.
One Canada Square was built (build) in 1991.
3 Bread (make) with flour, water and yeast.
4 Green homes (build) with environmentally-friendly materials.
5 the exhibition (hold) in Paris every spring?
6 Tickets for the concert (not sell) in the shops, but on the Internet.
2 Questo volantino descrive il processo di riciclaggio del vetro. Completa il paragrafo con la forma passiva del Present simple.
Glass recycling
• We collect glass bottles in bottle banks
• We sort them into colour categories
• We take the collected glass to a recycling plant
• We remove contaminants
• We melt the glass into blocks
• We make new bottles
• We send them back to the shops
Glass can be recycled indefinitely!
Is is made held aren’t sold are made are removed are sorted are sent is melted is taken
Glass bottles are collected in bottle banks. Then they (1) into colour categories. The collected glass (2) to a recycling plant. Contaminants (3) . The glass (4) into blocks. New bottles (5) and (6) back to the shops.
3 Riordina le parole e formula delle frasi. from / paper / is / wool / made / ? Is paper made from wool?
Key p. 279
1 your / of / made / notebook / is / paper / recycled / ?
2 made / are / these / knives / not / steel / of
3 how many / plastic / away / bottles / every / thrown / day / are / ?
4 everything / is / put / containers / different / into
5 sent / day / every / of / emails / millions / are
6 boots / produced / not / are / these / Italy / in
1 In the past many exotic animals (sold) as pets.
Argentina Napoleon Hamlet is taken are built are recycled
2 £300,000 (not steal) yesterday from a bank in the centre of London.
3 Where these biscuits ? (make)
4 The new hybrid car (present) to the public yesterday.
6 When the letters ? (send)
Gherkin / design / Norman Foster
5 The Word Wide Web (invent) by Tim Berners Lee.
7 How much your dad (pay) for that job?
1 Avatar 2 / direct / James Cameron
Avatar 2 was directed by James Cameron. were sold
Where were the Olympic Games held in 2024? weren’t stolen
8 The new library (not open) in 2024, but in 2023.
5 Scrivi le frasi usando la forma passiva del Past simple e seguendo i suggerimenti dati.
The Gherkin was designed by Norman Foster.
The first World Cup wasn’t played in 1940. were were was made sent paid
4 Penicillin / invent / Fleming
Penicillin was invented by Fleming. was presented
2 Where / the Olympic Games / hold / in 2024?
3 the first World Cup / not play / in 1940
5 When / the school timetable / chang?
When was the school timetable changed? was invented wasn’t opened
6 The Ballon D’Or / win / Lionel Messi in 2023
The Ballon D’Or was won by Lionel Messi in 2023.
6 Abbina un soggetto, un verbo e un complemento d’agente da ciascun gruppo e formula delle frasi usando la forma passiva.
The battle of Waterloo
The Eiffel Tower
‘To be or not to be’
The 2022 World Cup ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ Beetlejuice
Key p. 279
Radioactivity win direct discover sing lose design say
Radioactivity was discovered by Marie Curie.
Marie Curie
Queen Tim Burton
Gustave Eiffel
GRAMMAR and VOCABULARY FUN
Future Paths
A turno, tirate il dado e spostate la vostra pedina.
Se trovate un'illustrazione, create una frase in prima persona che includa il nome del mestiere e in cosa consiste, usando la forma be going to.
Se trovate dei suggerimenti, individuate il mestiere corretto e formulate la sua definizione.
In entrambi i casi, se la frase è formulata erroneamente, tornate alla casella da cui eravate partiti. Vince chi raggiunge per primo il traguardo!
I am going to explore space as an astronaut. An astronaut explores space. / explore
/ perform / on TV, in the theatre or in the cinema
/ look after / children at home
• Jobs
• Present simple
• be going to for future plans
Players: 2
Time: 15 minutes
Equipment: a dice, a game piece for each student
/ help / animals / that are ill A / take care of / teeth A / prepare / cook / food
/ sing / songs on TV or in concerts
/ serve / customers in a restaurant
perform / in dance shows
/ take care of / passengers on an aircraft
/ help / people / who are ill
/ construct / houses and buildings
/ create / repair / water systems
/ tell / actors / what to do
/ take care of / sick people
/ work / in an office
work / in a factory
/ physics, chemistry or biology
Disaster Zone
A turno, tirate il dado, leggete la domanda o la definizione nella casella e indovinate la parola. Se la risposta è errata, tornate alla casella di partenza. Se trovate una casella ‘What am I?’, scegliete un’espressione da p. 40 o p. 42 o p. 176 e cercate di farla indovinare entro il tempo indicato utilizzando solo un verbo o un aggettivo per volta. Se uno dei giocatori indovina, avanza di una casella e voi rimanete dove vi trovate. Se nessuno indovina, tornate alla casella di partenza. Vince chi raggiunge per primo il traguardo!
• The environment
• Natural disasters
• First conditional
Players: 2-4
Time: 15-20 minutes
Equipment: a dice, a game piece for each student Snow! I’m white. What am I?
No, I fall down.
Avalanche!
Whathappenswhen forestsburn? Whatdowecallthings wenolongeruse?
Whatdowecallvery hotweather?
Smokeorgas from cars and motorcycles. Theprocess ofmakingcities bigger.
What makesthe ground dirtyor damaged?
Wherecanwe takerenewable energyfrom?
Theplace where wasteis buried. Whatwill happenduringaflood?
amWhat I? What am I? amI? amI?
Whatdowecallastrongsnowstormwithstrongwinds? reduceWedoitto wasteresources.andsave
inWhatistheincrease Earth’stemperature called? What am I?
don’tWhatwillhappenifwe protectendangered species?
eventWhatnatural causes lavaandashto thecomefrom Earth?
What am I? amWhat I? What am I?
happenWhatwillifthere’salandslide?
Whatdowecall making theenvironment dirty? What happensoverpopulation?ifthereis
toAnalternativewaytogo workor school instead ofusingacar.
Whatisatsunami? Whatwillhappenifthere isan avalanche?
Astrongstorm withspinning winds.
WhatamI?
Whatis cutting down trees called? Whatwill happenif there’san earthquake? They come from industrial buildings during production.
Ithappenswhenchemicals damageriversandlakes. duringWhatwillhappen adrought?
GRAMMAR and VOCABULARY FUN
Ever or Never?
A turno, tirate il dado e formulate delle frasi in base alle indicazioni nella casella e al risultato del dado (forma e persona del Present perfect).
Se trovate un’illustrazione, formulate invece una domanda con il Present perfect e ever. Se la frase o domanda è formulata erroneamente, tornate alla casella da cui eravate partiti. Vince chi per primo raggiunge il traguardo!
Have you ever visited Paris? We have never visited Paris!
• Present perfect with ever and never Players: 2
Time: 15 minutes
Equipment: a verb dice, a game piece for each student
food stay in a luxury hotel check in or out of a hotel by yourself go sightseeing with a guidE go on a beach holiday go on a guided tour visit a museum miss a flight pack (your) suitcase go on a bus tour fall off a bike dream about flying tell a lie travel abroad see a live show google (your) own name sunbathe in a tropical island
GRAMMAR and VOCABULARY FUN
Healthy Riddle
A coppie, completate la griglia per scoprire quali sono le abitudini e i cibi preferiti dei ragazzi. A ogni ragazzo/a corrisponde un solo food group, una sola habit (I) e una sola habit (II). Leggete gli indizi e abbinate sulla griglia con ✔ gli elementi che corrispondo e con ✘ quelli che non corrispondono (come nell’esempio).
Alcune associazioni non saranno espresse negli indizi, ma dovrete usate la logica! Seguendo l’esempio, se sappiamo che a Joe corrisponde balanced diet ma NON corrisponde diary products, possiamo dedurre che a balanced diet NON corrisponderà diary products.
Una volta risolta la griglia, completate la tabella. Poi, scambiatevi delle domande e delle risposte utilizzando il Present perfect.
HABITS (II) FOOD GROUPS HABITS (I)
avoid junk food healty routines practice meditation manage your time well spend time with family fruits grains legumes vegetables diary products balanced diet get enough rest avoid screen time drink water keep fi t
Clues
Anna Joe
Henry Lea
Mark
HABITS (I) balanced diet get enough rest avoid screen time drink water keep fit
FOOD GROUPS fruits grains legumes vegetables diary products
Food groups
Habits (I) Habits (II)
Anna
Joe balanced diet
Henry
Lea
Mark
legumes manage time well get enough rest grains healthy routines keep fit fruits avoid junk food vegetables practice meditation drink water diary products spend time with family avoid screen time
• Healthy habits
• Food groups
• Present perfect
Players: 2
Time: 20 minutes
Equipment: a pencil
Joe usually has a balanced diet. Anna doesn’t like vegetables. The person who follows a balanced diet doesn’t like dairy products.
1 Mark likes spending time with his family.
2 The person who follows a balanced diet usually avoids junk food.
3 Henry loves grains.
4 Anna manages her time well.
5 The person who avoids screen time usually prefers spending time with family.
6 The person who drinks a lot of water also practices meditation.
7 Henry always tries to keep fit.
8 Lea eats a lot of vegetables.
9 The person who loves eating dairy products doesn’t spend much time on screens.
10 Joe enjoys eating fruit and avoids junk food.
11 The person who eats fruit usually avoids junk food.
12 Lea practices meditation.
Has Joe started a balanced diet?
Yes, he has. Has he eaten junk food this week?
No, he hasn’t. He has avoided junk food.
GRAMMAR and VOCABULARY FUN
TechnoPictionary
La squadra che inizia manda un giocatore alla lavagna. Il giocatore sceglie una carta fra quelle sotto e cerca di farla indovinare alla sua squadra disegnandola alla lavagna (ATTENZIONE! È vietato usare lettere, numeri o frecce e NON si può parlare).
Se la squadra indovina l’espressione entro 30 secondi guadagna 3 punti, entro 1 minuto 2 punti, oltre il minuto 1 punto. Una volta indovinata l’espressione, uno dei giocatori ha 15 secondi per formulare una frase con l’espressione indovinata e con il verbo alla forma passiva. Se la frase è formulata correttamente, la squadra guadagna 1 punto bonus. Una volta giocata, l’espressione non potrà essere più riutilizzata. Vince la squadra che arriva per prima a 30 punti!
• Technology
• Social media
• The passive
Players: 2+ teams
Time: 30 minutes
Equipment: a board, a timer
SOUNDS GOOD UNIT 1 Stressed words
1 Listen and repeat the sentences. Pay attention to the underlined words.
‘What would you like to do in the future?’
‘I’d like to become a doctor.’
2 Underline the stressed words. Then listen and check.
1 Have you got any experience of volunteering?
2 It was a great project.
3 Are you available to work at weekends?
4 I can work on Friday, too.
SOUNDS GOOD UNIT 3 Emphasis
1 Listen to the sentences.
1 Barcelona is amazing!
2 It’s a beautiful church.
3 It’s a park, but it’s really something special.
4 You should definitely walk down La Rambla.
5 I recommend trying the local tapas – they’re delicious.
2 Answer the questions. Then listen again and check.
1 What does the speaker do with the words in bold?
He emphasises them.
2 Why do you think he does that?
To obtain a certain effect in the listener.
3 What types of words are they? (e.g. nouns, verbs etc.).
Adjectives and adverbs.
SOUNDS GOOD UNIT 5 Stressed words
PRONUNCIATION BANK
SOUNDS GOOD UNIT 2 Clusters of words
1
Listen to the sentences. What happens to the letters d and t that are marked in bold?
1 I’ve sold my car and motorbike.
2 Do you know what biomass fuel is?
2 Read the sentences aloud. Which letters are not pronounced? Then listen and check.
1 It’s a type of fuel that comes from dead plants and animal material.
2 What do you mean?
3 What’s a simpler way to put that.
4 What I mean by break is that she isn’t here now but she’s going to come back soon.
SOUNDS GOOD UNIT 4 Intonation
1 Read and listen to the sentences. Notice how the intonation rises at the end of a question and rises and falls at the end of a statement. Repeat the sentences.
1 How are you doing?
2 I was feeling tired all the time.
3 We had a really great time there.
4 How’s basketball going?
2 Now read and listen. Decide if the intonation rises ( ) or rises and falls ( ) at the end of each statement. Why do you think this is?
The intonation rises at the end of a statement to express curiosity or enthusiasm.
1 I haven’t seen you for ages.
2 Your sister told me that you’ve started doing more exercise to keep fit.
3 I think it’s great that you’re doing that!
4 It’s going well!
3 Now listen again and repeat.
1 Listen and read. Which word is stressed, the verb or the particle?
1 To start, you need to switch on the Bluetooth.
2 Next, you click on the download button.
3 Don’t forget to log out when you finish.
4 Can you show me how I can search for a document on this website?
2 PAIRWORK Take turns to read the sentences in ex. 1 aloud and check your partner’s pronunciation.
READING COMPREHENSION
1 Read the text about deserts. Match the photos to the paragraphs.
ARID LANDS
1 Deserts
Deserts are very dry places where it rains less than 250 mm a year. One of the driest deserts in the world is the Atacama in northern Chile, where there are parts that get less than 2 mm of rain a year. Deserts cover over a fth of the Earth’s land area and they can be found on every continent. Some famous deserts include the Sahara in Africa, the Mojave in the United States, and the Gobi in Asia. Most people think of deserts as being very hot places, but there are actually some that have very low temperatures in winter. The Sahara in Africa is the world’s largest hot desert with temperatures that can reach 50°C. The Gobi Desert in Asia, the coldest desert in the world apart from the polar deserts, has temperatures that can go as low as -30°C in winter, when there can also be snowstorms.
2 Desert Plants and Animals
Even if deserts have a very dry climate, they are home to many unique plants and animals that have adapted to these hard conditions. Camels, for example, can go for weeks without water, while the desert tortoise survives by living most of the time underground. Some common plants in deserts are cacti, bushes, and small trees. These desert plants have found ways of storing water in their leaves or by growing long roots that can reach water underground.
3 Desertification
Deserti cation is a serious problem. It happens when semi-dry land becomes desert. This can happen for several reasons. One of these is climate change. Another problem is ‘overgrazing’. This happens when too many animals eat the grass in elds, and the plants don’t have enough time to grow back. Deforestation, which is the cutting down of trees, usually to create space for building more houses, also causes deserti cation because trees help to keep the land healthy. Deserti cation also happens because we humans often do not use good farming methods, which is bad for the land. Deserti cation a ects many people. It can lead to food shortages because crops do not grow well. It can also make people move to other places, which can create problems in cities because then there are too many people living there.
4 Fighting Desertification
Everyone can help ght deserti cation. By working together, we can protect our planet to make sure that future generations have enough food and water. We can all learn not to waste water in our homes, and we can make our environment healthier by planting trees and using better farming methods to protect the land.
Gobi Desert, China
2 Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
1 The Atacama Desert
A is in North America.
B is in South America.
C gets 2 cm of rain a year.
D covers a fifth of the Earth’s land.
2 The Gobi Desert
A is in the USA.
B is colder than the polar deserts.
C gets snowstorms.
D goes below -30°C in winter.
3 Some desert animals mentioned in the text
A can survive without water for years.
B don’t need any water to survive.
C can only survive a few days without water.
D survive by living underground.
4 Desert plants
A include bushes.
B have no leaves.
C have short roots.
D include tall trees.
5 Desertification
A is when deserts disappear.
B is not affected by climate change.
C causes deforestation.
D is mostly due to human actions.
6 Desertification can lead to
A people moving away from cities.
B people not having enough food to eat.
C the growth of different types of crops.
D better farming techniques
3 Answer the questions.
1 What are deserts?
They are very dry places where it rains less than 250 mm a year.
2 How much of the Earth’s land area is covered by deserts?
One fifth.
3 Which is the biggest hot desert in the world?
The Sahara.
4 How long can camels survive without water?
For weeks.
5 What does over-grazing refer to?
It refers to the problems when plants don’t have enough time to grow because too many animals eat the grass in fields.
6 In what way do trees help to stop desertification?
They help to keep the land healthy.
EXAM STRATEGIES
SUMMARY Evidenziare e ordinare le informazioni in un riassunto
Quando scrivi un riassunto, assicurati di avere bene chiara una traccia da seguire in modo da riportare le informazioni in ordine logico e come appaiono nel testo.
È bene sottolineare i punti chiave: utilizza il colore rosso per sottolineare le informazioni principali che devono assolutamente comparire nel tuo riassunto, il colore verde per sottolineare le informazioni di secondaria importanza ma che possono trovare spazio nel tuo elaborato.
Rielabora con parole tue queste informazioni e assicurati di riportarle nel riassunto con lo stesso ordine del testo originale.
Students’ own answer
4 Write a short summary of the text in about 100 words. Use the mind map to organise your answer. plants and animals where they are how to fight desertification temperatures desertification
1
THE ROMANS IN BRITAIN
In AD 410, the Roman Empire was in trouble: its capital, the city of Rome, was under attack; the Roman army had to leave Britain and return to Italy to defend the empire.
The Romans arrived in Britain in AD 43 and stayed for almost 400 years. After they left, the country fell into chaos. Local tribes competed for power and many people left the towns and went back to the countryside. But even after they were gone, the Romans left their mark on Britain with new cities, roads, methods of agriculture, and systems for writing and counting. Even the word ‘Britain’ comes from the Romans’ name for the country, Britannia.
The Romans were most famous for their roads. Britain had almost no roads before the Romans arrived, people travelled by boat instead. To make sure soldiers and supplies could move quickly, the Romans made their roads as straight as possible. They built over 16,000 kilometres of roads in Britain which were so straight and strong that they lasted for centuries.
The Romans also introduced the idea of living in big towns and cities: before that the Britons lived in small villages in the countryside. Roman towns had a grid system with streets that divided them into regular blocks called ‘insulae’. In the middle was a big market square, the forum, where people met and bought and sold things. These new urban centres transformed the way people lived and interacted in Britain.
Rome was a large metropolis and the Romans knew that fresh water was necessary in large towns to keep them clean and free from diseases. They designed and built aqueducts to bring water from rivers or lakes, and sewage systems to take away dirty water. They also built public baths where people could go and wash in hot water – amazing!
The Romans spoke Latin and had a system of writing for it. After they arrived in Britain, people began to speak Latin as well as the local languages, and then to use the Latin alphabet to write down Celtic words too. In fact, there are still a lot of words from Latin in modern English (exit, pedestrian, justice). The names of places with ‘chester’, ‘caster’ or ‘cester’ in them (Manchester, Doncaster, Gloucester ) were certainly once Roman towns, because the word ‘chester’ comes from the Latin word castrum which means ‘a fort’.
supplies rifornimenti grid system reticolato diseases malattie sewage fognature
2 Read the sentences and write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
1 The Romans came to Britain in AD 410.
The Romans came to Britain in AD 43.
2 The name Britain comes from an old Celtic word.
The name Britain comes from the Roman word Britannia.
3 The Romans left a good road system in Britain.
4 Most British people lived in cities before the Romans arrived.
Most British people lived in the coutryside.
5 The Romans’ plans for British cities helped stop illnesses in the population.
6 The first written form of early British languages used the Latin alphabet.
EXAM STRATEGIES
Le domande a risposta aperta
In questo tipo di prova devi leggere un brano e rispondere a una serie di domande. Quando leggi il testo, cerca di farti un’idea generale del contenuto e cerca sul dizionario solo le parole fondamentali per capirlo. Prova a ricordare le informazioni principali. Leggi bene tutte le domande a cui devi rispondere e cerca subito di individuare nel testo i passaggi a cui si riferiscono. Per aiutarti, puoi scrivere accanto ai paragra i numeri delle domande a cui si riferiscono o sottolineare le frasi utili per rispondere. Scrivi le risposte usando frasi complete e parole tue. Non copiare frasi intere dal testo. Sfrutta sempre sia la domanda che il testo per rispondere correttamente. In ne, ricordati di rileggere le tue risposte per controllare che non ci siano errori e di non aver dimenticato nulla.
3 Answer the questions.
1 What happened in Britain when the Romans left?
The country fell into chaos after they left.
2 What five important things did the Romans bring to Britain during their time there?
They brought new cities, roads, methods of agriculture, a system for writing, a system for counting.
3 How did transport change during the Roman period?
The Romans built over 16,000 kms of roads.
4 Write two characteristics of the design of Roman towns and cities.
They had a grid system called insulae and they had a big market square called a forum.
5 How did the Romans try to prevent diseases in the cities they built?
They built aqueducts to bring fresh water and sewage systems to take away dirty water.
6 What can tell you that a British town was originally a Roman fort?
The words 'cester', 'caster' or 'chester' in the name of a place shows it was a Roman town.
SUMMARY
4 Complete the summary of the text with the words from the box.
travelled • built • Britain • languages • written form made • 400 years • Latin • towns • move around
Britain
The Romans left (1) in AD 410 after almost (2) there. During their time in Britain, they (3) many important changes that improved people’s lives. In particular they (4) a road system which changed the way people could (5) the country and transport things. The design of their (6) changed the way people lived and (7) . British people also used the (8) of the Roman language, (9) , to write down local (10) for the first time.
400 years made built towns travelled Latin languages written form move around
READING COMPREHENSION
1 Read the text about an environmental problem. Find expressions in the text for the things in the photos and write them.
Our sick seas
Millions of tonnes of plastic go into our seas and oceans every year, mainly from rivers. Scientists say this number will increase ten times by 2025, and by 2050 there could be more plastic in our oceans than fish. They have already discovered five massive patches of plastic waste in the world’s seas. The biggest one, in the Pacific Ocean, somewhere between California and Hawaii, is three times the size of France. The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration first described this enormous island of floating plastic waste in 1988 and gave it the name of Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP).
Old fishing nets, bottles, shopping bags, cartons, toys - all types of plastic waste are dangerous for animals. Fish often think the plastic is food, or get entangled in floating clumps of waste. This also means that plastic then enters the food chain and eventually humans are eating contaminated food, which is dangerous for human health too, not only for animals.
In 1997, oceanographer and sea captain Charles Moore was returning home on his boat after competing in the Trans-Pacific Yacht Race, when he sailed into the middle of the GPGP. He was so shocked that he immediately decided to start his own fight against plastic pollution, to raise awareness of the terrible effects plastic can have on marine wildlife.
Scientists are also constantly studying new ways to try and resolve the problem. In September 2018 a Dutch inventor, Boyan Slat, and his team launched a revolutionary clean-up system at the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. They designed a system that consists of a 600 metre-long floating platform that sits at the surface of the water, with a 3 metre-deep ‘skirt’ attached below. Together, the U-shaped structure moves with the ocean currents, passively catching plastic waste along the way. The aim of the system is to capture plastic waste in the water before it breaks down into microplastics, very tiny pieces of plastic that are impossible to catch. Slat estimated that the operation will take five years to clean up the area.
Unfortunately, at the moment nobody has found an immediate, global solution to the problem. Is there anything we can do to help? Trying to really limit our use of plastics in the home is a good place to start, so look for renewable packages on the things you buy and remember to recycle all your plastic containers.
patches masse oating galleggiante entangled impigliato clumps nodi, grumi raise awareness sensibilizzare breaks down si decomponga
A plastic waste
2 Read the sentences and write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
1 Scientists have found five large areas of plastic waste in the world’s seas.
2 The largest one is the size of Hawaii.
3 The name Great Pacific Garbage Patch was given to the floating island in 1997.
It was given in 1988.
4 Fish eat plastic because they think it is food.
5 Plastic from the sea can get into the food chain and affect humans too.
6 An American scientist drove his boat into an island of plastic waste during a race.
An oceanographer and sea captain sailed into the middle of plastic waste.
7 A new clean-up system in San Francisco is trying to break plastic waste into microplastics.
It is trying to capture plastic waste in the water before it breaks down into microplastics.
8 There is nothing individuals can do to help resolve plastic pollution in the oceans.
We can try to reduce the use of plastic in everyday's lives.
3 Answer the questions.
1 How does plastic get into the seas and oceans?
2 What is the GPGP?
It is three times the size of France. Rivers take the plastic into the sea.
It’s the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a massive island of plastic waste in the Pacific Ocean.
3 What types of plastic waste are dangerous for marine animals?
All types are dangerous for animals and fish.
4 What can happen when fish find plastic in the water?
They eat it because they think it’s food, or they get entangled in it.
5 How does the clean-up structure designed by Boyan Slat’s team work?
It moves with the ocean currents, passively catching plastic waste along the way.
6 What is the aim of the U-shaped structure invented by Boyan Slat?
To capture plastic waste in the water before it breaks down into microplastics.
7 What are microplastics?
They are very tiny pieces of plastic that are impossible to catch.
8 How long will it take to resolve the problem in the San Francisco area?
It will take about five years.
SUMMARY
4 Write a short summary of the text in about 100 words. Use these prompts to organise your answer.
• the size of the problem
• some signs of the problem that scientists have found
• what effects the plastics can have in the sea
• what we can do to help
1 PAIRWORK What do you think colonial art is? Talk to a partner, then read the text and check your answer.
own answer
MUSEUMS AND COLONIAL ART
Colonial Art
Museums around the world have many pieces of art and artefacts that come from di erent cultures. Many of these items were taken during colonial times and wars. They include sculptures, paintings and even monuments. They can also be in the form of everyday tools or weapons. Museums argue that these items are important for anthropology, which studies cultures and societies. Now, there is a big debate about whether museums should give these items back to their countries of origin.
What is Repatriation?
Repatriation means returning art and artefacts to their original countries. Many people believe that items taken during colonialism should be returned. They argue that these items are important to the culture and history of their home countries. They say that artefacts are often an important part of a culture’s identity, and that returning them helps to preserve the country’s history. Giving these items back also shows respect for the cultures they come from. It’s a way of saying sorry for wrong actions done in the past.
French Report
In 2018, the French government asked a Senegalese academic and writer Felwine Sarr, and French art historian Bénédicte Savoy, to write a report called The Restitution of African Cultural Heritage. Toward a New Relational Ethics. The report examined the history and present state of French collections of African artworks taken illegally from many African countries, which were once French colonies in the past. The report also included a plan for giving them back through international cultural cooperation, a list of the cultural objects to be repatriated, and how to exhibit them in the near future in African museums. Since this report, many European countries like Germany, the Netherlands and Scotland have returned artefacts to countries in Africa.
Against Repatriation
However, not everybody agrees with repatriation. Some museums, for example, say they can take better care of the items because they have ways of protecting them and displaying them in a safe place. They also argue that by returning artefacts to their original countries, people who visit museums around the world will no longer have the chance of seeing art from di erent countries and learning about them. There is also the question of how these works of art came into the hands of museums. It’s often di cult to understand if they were originally stolen or bought, and this leads to a lot of complicated legal problems. One thing is certain; museums now need to think more carefully about their role and responsibility in sharing and preserving art from around the world.
Egyptian art at the British Museum, London
tools attrezzi weapons armi display esporre
Students’
2 Read the sentences and write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
1 Colonial art does not include objects that were used every day.
It includes everyday tools.
2 Anthropologists are interested in knowing more about cultures and societies.
3 Some think colonial art and artefacts should be given back to their country of origin.
4 In 2018, the French government wrote a report about this subject.
Felwine Sarr and Bénédicte Savoy wrote the report.
5 The report was about French artworks.
It was about African artworks that are part of French collections.
6 These artworks are from African countries that were once French colonies.
7 Only France has tried to repatriate these items.
Since this report, many European countries have returned artefacts to countries in Africa.
8 Not everybody agrees with repatriating these artefacts.
3 Answer the questions.
1 What are people discussing about African artworks?
Whether museums should give these items back to their countries of origin.
2 Why is it important to give these artworks back to the countries they came from?
They are important to the culture and history of their home countries.
3 What do these items help to preserve?
They help to preserve the country’s history.
4 Which European countries other than France have returned artefacts?
SUMMARY
EXAM STRATEGIES
Completare un testo in cui sono state omesse alcune parole o gruppi di parole
Quando devi completare un testo con parole date, leggi attentamente il testo originale e assicurati di capire i concetti principali.
Identi ca le parole chiave: cerca nel testo le informazioni principali e sottolinea i concetti essenziali che il riassunto deve includere. Questi concetti ti guideranno nella scelta delle parole giuste dal box. Esamina il box di parole: leggi tutte le parole fornite e pensa a come ciascuna di esse potrebbe inserirsi nel contesto del riassunto. Assicurati di conoscere il signi cato di ogni parola.
Seleziona la parola dal box che meglio completa la frase e rispetta il signi cato del testo originale.
Assicurati che le informazioni nel riassunto seguano l'ordine logico e cronologico del testo originale. Questo ti aiuterà a evitare errori e a mantenere la chiarezza.
4 Complete the summary of the text with the words from the box.
origin • repatriate • stolen • report • artworks safer • colonial • legal • museums • identity
Scotland, Germany and The Netherlands. artworks colonial origin identity report repatriate museums safer legal stolen
5 Why do some museums think they can take better care of these items than others?
Because they have ways of protecting them.
6 Why do they think that returning these artefacts to their origins will be a disadvantage for visitors to museums worldwide?
Because people will no longer have the chance of seeing art from different countries and learning about them.
Many (1) in museums worldwide were taken from different countries during (2) times and wars. Now many countries are discussing the possibility of returning these items to their countries of (3) , because they are an important part of a culture’s (4) , which should be respected. France was the first country to write a (5) about this subject and the result is that many European countries have agreed to (6) artefacts to African countries. However, not all (7) agree with this idea because they say the items are (8) with them. From a (9) point of view, it’s also hard to understand if these artefacts were once (10) or bought.
The Louvre Museum
1 Look at the pictures on the page. What do you think they are about? Then read the text and check your answers.
Students’ own answer
Women at War
Not a Man's World
During World War II thousands of British men were fighting in the armed forces and couldn’t work, so British women had to do a wide variety of jobs to keep the country going. Many of these were traditionally male jobs and people thought they weren’t appropriate for women because they were dirty, heavy, or difficult. But now, all over the country, women began working as train drivers, bus conductors, and in the police. There were women factory workers using dangerous chemicals to make ammunition, and driving tractors and machinery on farms.
In fact the role of women became so crucial to the British war effort that the government passed a law which said that women had to work. All single women between the ages of 19 and 43, had to either join the armed forces, work in a factory, or work on the land growing food.
The Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS)
The ATS was the women’s section of the British Army. Women couldn’t fight in battles, but they did other jobs to help support the soldiers at the front: they worked as cooks, storekeepers, nurses, drivers and postal workers. Later in the war, when there weren’t enough men to do some of the military jobs, women in the ATS also became radar operators and anti-aircraft gunners too.
The Women’s Royal Naval Service (WRNS)
At the start of the war, many women joined the navy in supporting roles so that more mariners could fight. Their nickname was the ‘Wrens’ (also the word for a small, brave bird), and some of these women went on to do extremely important war-time work, such as spying and code-breaking for the famous intelligence unit at Bletchley Park.
The Women’s Land Army
As the war continued, ships bringing food and supplies to Britain were often attacked and sunk and it became harder and harder to import enough food. To help increase food production, women were sent to work on farms and were known as ‘Land Girls’. Some of them came from the countryside and knew what farm work was like, but those from towns and cities were shocked when they arrived! Life in the Women’s Land Army was very hard. They often worked 50 hours a week, outside in all kinds of weather, and there was a high risk of injury. But thanks to these determined girls, British people still had food to eat.
tools attrezzi weapons armi display esporre
keep the country going mandare avanti il paese war e ort sforzo bellico storekeeper magazziniere anti-aircraft gunners mitraglieri antiaereo code-breaking decifrare codici sunk affondate
2 Read the sentences and write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
1 Women did men's jobs during the war because many of the men were dead.
2 Before this time people thought women shouldn’t work, or should only do light, easy jobs.
3 Women who were married all had to work during World War II.
4 Women in the ATS started doing supporting jobs but later had more active roles.
5 Some of the women in the WRNS became spies during the war.
6 Imported food often didn’t arrive in Britain because there weren’t enough ships.
3 Answer the questions.
1 What did the British government do to make sure that women worked during the war?
They passed a law that said single women between the ages of 19 and 43 had to work.
2 What were the three areas they decided women should work in?
Women could join the armed forces, work in a factory, or work on the land growing food.
3 What were two of the important jobs women did in the ATS later in the war?
4 What was the nickname for women in the navy?
5 What was Bletchley Park?
It was an intelligence unit where spies and code-breakers worked.
6 Why were city girls often shocked when they became Land Girls?
Ships bringing food and supplies to Britain were often attacked and sunk. They worked as radar operators and anti-aircraft gunners. Their nickname was the Wrens. They were shocked because the work was very hard.
SUMMARY
4 Write a short summary of the text in about 100 words. Use these prompts to organise your answer.
• why women started working during the war
• how the government saw the role of women
• the areas women worked in
• the results of their work Women worked during the war because men were fighting. Only single women had to work.
1 What is ethics? With your partner, try to give a definition. Then read the text and check your answer.
THE ETHICS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AI and Ethics
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the development of computer systems that are able to do tasks that only humans could do before. People first began talking about AI in 1956, and the variety of technologies it includes has grown rapidly over the last few years and is changing our world. It helps us in many ways, like making our phones smarter, making medical care better, telling us the quickest way to get to a place, or translating a text from one language to another. However, as AI grows, we also need to think about ethics. Ethics is about what is right and wrong. The ethics of AI are important because AI can affect people’s lives in many ways. Therefore, we need to make sure that AI is safe and fair.
Privacy
AI often collects data about us. This data can include personal information about us. We must protect our privacy and ensure that companies use our data responsibly. People need to learn about AI and its effects. This can help them understand how to use AI responsibly. This can be done by talking about AI and ethics openly. Sharing ideas and concerns can help everyone understand how to use AI in the best way.
Rules and Safety for an ethical AI
We need clear rules about who is responsible if AI makes a mistake. Should we blame the company who created the AI system or the people who use it? Governments and organisations need to create rules about how to use AI. These rules can help ensure that AI is safe for everyone to use. Take for example self-driving cars. They need to make safe decisions. If an accident happens, we need to know why.
AI and the Environment
How is AI affecting the environment? There are advantages and disadvantages about this. Let’s have a look at both:
• Energy Use: AI needs a lot of energy to work. This energy often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, which can harm the environment.
• Data Centres: AI runs on big computers housed in data centres. These centres use a lot of electricity and produce heat, which can contribute to climate change.
• Smart Solutions: On the positive side, AI can help the environment. It can be used to create smart systems that save energy, manage water use, and reduce waste.
• Monitoring Nature: AI can help scientists track animals, monitor forests, and study climate change. This can lead to better protection of the environment.
• Pollution Reduction: AI can help companies reduce pollution by optimising processes and making them more efficient.
It is important to keep talking about ethics and to involve as many people as possible in these discussions. In this way, we can build a future where AI benefits all of us like improving public services, the economy and environmental sustainability.
2 Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A is the logo for the latest type of PC.
B is an idea that has been around for over 100 years.
C refers to sophisticated computer systems.
D has grown less over the last few years.
2 With the growth of AI, we need to consider
A how much it costs us.
B if we’re smart enough to use it.
C using a translator to understand the instructions.
D if it can be dangerous for us in any way.
3 Data collected by companies using AI
A protects our privacy.
B teaches people about AI ethics.
C can be a risk for our privacy.
D helps people to use AI responsibly.
4 Who needs to make rules about the use of AI?
A Governments and organisations.
B Companies that create AI systems.
C The people who use AI.
D Companies that make cars.
5 Artificial Intelligence
A doesn’t need much energy to work.
B can be dangerous for the environment.
C only operates with small computers.
D is developed in forests.
6 To ensure that AI benefits all of us,
A we must continue to think about its ethics.
B only certain people should make decisions about AI.
C we should only concentrate on the economy and the environment.
D AI computer systems must be sustainable.
3 Answer the questions.
1 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the development of computer systems that are able to do tasks that only humans could do before.
2 Why are the ethics of AI important?
The ethics of AI are important because AI can affect people’s lives in many ways.
3 How can we protect our privacy from AI data collection?
By learning about AI and its effects so that we understand how to use it responsibly.
4 Why is AI dangerous for the environment?
Because it uses a lot of energy.
5 What does AI have the power to do if used responsibly?
AI can improve our lives.
SUMMARY
4
Write a short summary of the text in about 100 words. Use the mind map to organise your answer.
Students’ own answer
ARTIFICIAL
REORDERING A TEXT
1 Read about one of the most famous presidents of the USA. Put the parts of the text in the correct order.
Abraham Lincoln
A In 1846 he was elected to Congress, representing the Republican party. Ten years later, in 1856, they asked him to become their presidential candidate. In his presidential campaign, Lincoln was very clear about his opposition to slavery.
B The American Civil War was a long and bitter period which lasted for four years. More than 600,000 Americans lost their lives. Lincoln was president during all of this time. When the southern states finally lost the war in 1865, he passed laws to make slavery illegal everywhere in America, north and south.
C Abraham Lincoln was born on 12th February 1809 in a small cabin near Hodgenville, Kentucky. His parents were poor pioneers who couldn’t read or write, and Lincoln was mainly self-educated
D Many of the southerners were furious about this and less than a week later, Lincoln was shot while he was at a theatre in Washington DC. His assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was a strong supporter of the Confederacy.
E As a young adult, he worked as a boat navigator, a storekeeper, a soldier, and a postmaster. At the age of 25 he was elected to local government in Springfield, Illinois. After that he studied law, and eventually became a successful lawyer. Because of his honesty in business, people gave him the nickname ‘Honest Abe’.
F His position worried the southern states in America, which depended on slavery for most of their income. When Lincoln won the election, some southern states decided to leave the Union and form a new country, the Confederate States of America. This was an illegal act which soon led to Civil War.
2 Choose the correct answer (A, B or C).
slavery schiavitù bitter amaro self-educated autodidatta was shot colpito da un proiettile storekeeper magazziniere postmaster direttore delle poste income reddito led to ha portato a
1 Lincoln’s mother and father were A rich. B poor. C not American.
2 Before he was 25 Lincoln worked A at many different jobs.
3 In 1856 Lincoln was a candidate for A Congress.
B as a lawyer. C as a politician.
B the presidency. C slavery.
4 The southern states left the Union because A they wanted to keep slavery.
B they didn’t like Lincoln. C they wanted a war.
5 After the Civil War, slavery became illegal in
A the northern states.
6 Lincoln was shot by a(n) A supporter of slavery.
B the southern states. C all of the states.
B opponent of slavery. C slave.
COMPLETING A TEXT
1 Read about a 19th-century explorer. Complete the text with the words from the box. There are two words you don’t need to use.
travel • greatest • interested • very • look for • between • bring • discovered
Doctor Livingstone, I presume
Think you know the facts about David Livingstone, the famous 19th-century Scottish explorer who first (1) the Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe? Some of these facts may surprise you ... Africa was his Plan B Livingstone originally hoped to go to China as a missionary. Then war broke out between Britain and China in September 1839 and he had to change his plans. He decided to (2) to ‘the Dark Continent’ instead. Livingstone was a terrible missionary Livingstone went to Africa in 1841 as a ‘medical missionary’ (he was also a doctor). However, he believed his destiny was to be an explorer, and he was never very (3) in preaching. In fact he only ever converted one person! He invented a cure for malaria
travel interested
During his travels in Africa, David Livingstone survived malaria, dysentery, sleeping sickness and several other diseases. He actually suggested the association (4) mosquitoes and malaria 30 years before medical science officially established it. He also invented an effective treatment for malaria based on the plant quinine. He disappeared for 6 years
Livingstone was one of the (6)
between look for greatest
European explorers, but his last two expeditions failed in their aims. He didn’t find a navigable river across southern Africa during his Zambezi expedition, and in his final adventure, looking for the source of the river Nile, he mistook the Lualaba River in the Congo for the start of the Nile!
2 Choose the correct option (A, B or C).
broke out scoppiò preaching predica sleeping sickness malattia del sonno tongue-in-cheek humour ironia source sorgente mistook scambiò discovered
Livingstone completely lost contact with the outside world for six years. Eventually a London newspaper sent the journalist Henry Stanley to Africa to (5) him. When Stanley finally found the explorer in the remote region of Ujiji in 1871, he calmly asked: ‘Dr Livingstone, I presume?’ The phrase became famous because of its tonguein-cheek humour: Dr Livingstone was the only white person for hundreds of miles! He suffered many failures too
1 David Livingstone came from A Africa. B England. C Scotland.
2 His first plan was to become a missionary in A Britain. B China. C Africa.
3 In Africa Livingstone worked as
A an explorer and doctor.
B an explorer, doctor and missionary.
C an explorer.
4 During his time in Africa he also discovered A malaria. B mosquitoes. C a cure for malaria.
5 For six years during his explorations in Africa Livingstone was
A out of contact with everyone. B travelling with Stanley. C lost.
6 During his last trip in Africa he found A the start of the Nile.
B the river Lualaba. C Stanley.
Common Health Myths
Sitting close to a computer screen will hurt your eyesight
Taking vitamin C can prevent colds
Hand dryers are more hygienic than paper towels
This was true in the 1950s when TV screens emitted 100,000 times (1) radiation than they do today, but modern television and computer screens are much safer and won’t damage your eyes. However, your eyes can feel tired and dry if you stay too long in front of a screen, so you should rest them and avoid too (2) screen time.
If your body doesn’t get enough vitamin C from fresh fruit and vegetables, you can become ill with a disease called scurvy. However research says there is no evidence that people (3) take vitamin C supplements get fewer colds than those who don’t! The best thing you can do to avoid getting a cold is to wash your hands (4) , to prevent the transmission of bacteria.
Scientists have found that hand dryers can actually increase the amount of bacteria (5) users’ hands because the air inside the machines is not sterile. They can make the bathrooms dirtier, too, because they spread the germs much (6) into the air. Paper towels are better, although they may not be very environmentally friendly. Drinking a glass of warm milk will help you sleep
C B A
There is no scientific evidence that milk can (7) you sleep, it’s simply a myth that we like to believe. However having a warm bath before bed and lying in a cool, dark room with no electronic devices around, can help you sleep better. The body loses 90% of its heat through your head
Lots of mums and dads tell their children to wear a hat in cold weather, but is this really necessary? You actually lose the same amount of body heat through (8) part of your body that’s uncovered, your head is just one of them.
dry eyesight vista avoid evitare evidence prove paper towels asciugamani di carta spread diffondono environmentally friendly ecologico body heat calore corporeo uncovered scoperto
1 Read about some common ideas people have about health. Then choose the correct answers to complete the text.
1 A of B more C the
2 A many B any C much
3 A who B which C don’t
4 A ever B frequently C occasionally
5 A in B at C on
6 A far B furthest C further
7 A to help B help C helping
8 A any B some C a
2 Read the sentences and write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
1 Looking at a screen for a long time can make your eyes stop working.
Modern television and computer screens are much safer and won’t damage your eyes.
2 Eating too much Vitamin C can cause a serious illness.
3 Bacteria on your hands can mean you transmit colds to other people.
4 Hand dryers use paper to dry your hands.
If you don't get enough vitamin C you can become ill. They use air.
5 If your bedroom is cool, it can help you sleep better.
6 Many parents make their children wear hats in cold weather.
WHICH SPORT IS THE HARDEST?
Most sports are both physically and mentally difficult, but which sport is the (1) difficult? A group of US Olympic Committee sport scientists, academics, athletes and journalists recently created a survey to find (2) hardest sport. The survey included qualities like power, speed, strength, agility and coordination. Endurance is the ability to continue an activity (3) a long period of time. Power is the ability to be strong in the shortest time. Speed is the ability to move (4) . Strength is the ability to produce force. Agility is the ability to change direction quickly. Coordination is the ability to react immediately and use different parts of your body in the right way, in the right place, at the right time.
The results of the survey (5) that the third hardest sport was football and the second was ice hockey. However they found that the hardest sport in the world is boxing. Boxing is a contact sport and boxers fight for three minutes in a series of (6) nine and twelve rounds. They only rest for one minute between each round. It’s very tiring! In boxing you need strength, power and also agility and coordination. The boxers (7) to be fit enough to fight for almost an hour, powerful enough to win, physically agile enough to change direction quickly, and mentally agile enough to change tactics very quickly. Coordination and speed are vital to a professional boxer. So boxing is the hardest sport but which is the easiest? According to the same survey, fishing and billiards are the easiest sports. Why is this? They do not require much speed or endurance and are relaxing rather than stimulating. Perhaps that is (8) many people enjoy doing them!
1 Read about the qualities you need to do some sports. Then choose the correct answers to complete the text.
1 A very B most C more
2 A the B a C an
3 A of B since C for
4 A fastly B slowly C fast
1 The survey was done by people that work for the Olympic Games.
academics accademici t in forma rather than piuttosto che It was also done by scientists, academics, athletes and journalists.
2 They wanted to discover which sport is the hardest.
3 The survey measured six different abilities that sportsmen and women need to have.
5 A showing B showed C shows
6 A between B before C the
7 A must B have to C need
8 A because B why C it
2 Read the sentences and write (T) true or (F) false. Correct the false sentences.
4 Endurance means continuing doing a physical activity for a long time.
5 Boxing is the hardest sport because it is the most intense and tiring.
6 The text mentions three different sports that have a calming effect and are not tiring.
It measured five different abilities. It mentions two different sports.
TRANSFORMING AND REWRITING TEXTS
EXAM STRATEGIES
Nella trasformazione di un testo ti si potrebbe chiedere di trasformare un brano dalla prima persona alla terza, viceversa, oppure dal tempo presente al tempo passato. Fai attenzione: quando trasformi un testo non devi concentrarti solo sui verbi, ma anche sui pronomi e sugli avverbi di tempo.
1 Read Sam’s email to his Italian friend. Then rewrite it using the 3rd person singular.
2 Read Emma’s social media profile. Then write a text of about 100 words about her. Key p. 280 Key p. 280
New message
Hi Marco, I’ve got some brilliant news – I’m coming to Italy this summer! My dad has booked a hotel for us in Rome for the first week, then we’re going to an apartment at the seaside in Puglia for the second week. I’m really excited about visiting Rome – I love history and there are so many interesting places to visit there! I also want to try some real Italian food, especially real Italian ice cream! Puglia will be great too –– I like swimming and playing beach volleyball and I’ve heard the beaches there are really beautiful. Do you think we can meet when I come to Italy? I’d love to see you in person. Perugia, your city, isn’t very far from Rome –– maybe you can come by train to Rome to meet me? My dad says he could take you back to the station later and put you on the right train to go home. Ask your parents and let me know. Speak to you soon,
Sam
Send
FRIENDSNET
Name Emma Hardy
Nationality British
Date of birth 15.05.2010
Home town Norwich, England, UK
Email address emmah06@kmail.com
Family two sisters – Jane and Kate, one brother –Freddie, one cat - Tiddles School Year 9, Redhill High School, Norwich
Languages French, Spanish
Favourite subjects Art, P.E.
Hobbies and interests volleyball, football, judo, guitar, cooking, drawing
Favourite things Halloween, cats, cupcakes
3 Read the text about a sport challenge. Then rewrite it using the past tense.
This term I’m taking part in the #MySportchallenge. It’s an idea to raise money to help buy more sports equipment for young people in my town. You have to make a video of yourself doing a sport, post it on the #MySportchallenge page, and then people donate £1 every time they ‘like’ a video there. I think it’s a great idea because you can do any kind of exercise you want in your video. I don’t really enjoy team sports like football or rugby, so for the #MySportchallenge I’m doing something I love –skateboarding. I go to the skate park with a group of my school friends most days after school. I’m quite good at it now and I can do lots of different jumps. I really enjoy showing my friends what I can do on my skateboard and I often get cool comments from people. So I’m asking my sister to make some videos of me while I’m skateboarding. Then I’m going to choose the best one and post it on the #MySportchallenge page.
4 Read the interview with a fashion blogger. Then rewrite it as a short text using indirect speech.
Interviewer Fashion blogs offer us style advice and inspiration about what to wear for different occasions. Today on the programme I’m talking to Susie Lucas, one of the most influential fashion bloggers in the UK, about why she started her blog, StyleStars. Hi Susie, welcome to the show.
Susie Hi Todd. Thanks for inviting me. Interviewer So, why did you become a fashion blogger, Susie?
Susie Well, when I was a little girl I was very interested in clothes. I always dressed up in my mum’s dresses. Then I got my first job as a fashion writer on a fashion magazine. There wasn’t enough space to write all the articles I wanted, so I started my own blog. It quickly became really popular with thousands of followers. That was the beginning of StyleStars. Interviewer What’s the best thing about being a fashion blogger?
Susie I love telling people where to buy really great clothes at cheap prices. I know that not everyone can afford designer clothes – they’re too expensive! – so I love helping people find bargains.
Interviewer And what’s the hardest thing about your job?
Susie Hmm, that’s a good question. Sometimes it’s difficult to find new beauty tips and fashion advice for the blog.
Interviewer Some people describe you as one of the coolest women in fashion.
Susie Ha ha. I’m not cool, I’m just too obsessed by fashion!
Key p. 280
Key p. 280
WRITING DIALOGUES
1 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
1 make / shall / we / a cake?
Shall we make a cake?
2 watch / don’t / we / why / a film / tonight?
Why don’t we watch a film tonight?
3 want / do / you / to / my party / come to?
Do you want to come to my party?
4 about / the stadium / going / to / Saturday / how / on?
How about going to the stadium on Saturday?
5 like / you / horror / do / films?
Do you like horror films?
6 pizza / dinner / how / for / about?
How about pizza for dinner?
2 Match the answers a-f to the questions 1-6 in ex. 1.
a Yes okay. What would you like to watch?
b No, I don’t. I prefer comedies.
c Good idea. Have we got eggs and butter?
d I don’t fancy that. I don’t like pizza.
e Sounds good. Let’s meet at the entrance at 3.
f Yes, okay. When is it?
3 Look at the questions and answers in ex. 1 and 2. Which one of these functions do they refer to?
1 giving information
2 asking for directions 3 asking for help 4 making suggestions
4 Complete the dialogue with the words from the box.
watching • don’t • let’s • fancy • what • about
Ben How (1) going to the cinema tonight?
Lisa Sorry, I don’t want to go out.
EXAM STRATEGIES
In questo tipo di prova devi completare un dialogo o scrivere un dialogo seguendo una traccia (prompt) in italiano.
Quando ti si chiede di completare un dialogo devi scegliere tra le battute che ti vengono già date, oppure scrivere la parte di dialogo mancante. Prima di tutto leggi la parte di dialogo già scritta per capire bene la situazione e per scegliere vocaboli e strutture da usare.
Quando ti si chiede di scrivere un dialogo leggi attentamente la traccia per capire cosa ti viene chiesto. Cerca di capire quali tempi verbali usare e utilizza vocaboli, strutture ed espressioni che conosci per costruire frasi semplici. Controlla che le risposte corrispondano alle domande.
5 You are talking with your friend Peter. Follow the instructions to write the dialogue.
You Chiedigli cosa vuole fare stasera.
What do you want to do tonight?
Your friend Risponde che non sa. Chiede se tu hai qualche idea.
I don’t know. Have you got any ideas?
You Suggerisci di andare in pizzeria con i vostri amici.
Why don’t we go for a pizza (at Gino’s Pizzeria with Matteo and Luca)?
Your friend Risponde che non vuole uscire, preferisce stare a casa.
Sorry, I don’t want to go out. I prefer to stay at home.
You Suggerisci di giocare ai videogiochi.
Okay. How about playing some video games?
Your friend Risponde di sì. Chiede che tipo di gioco vuoi fare.
Yes, okay. What game do you want to play?
Ben Okay. Why (2) we watch a film on tv instead?
Lisa Good idea. (3) do you want to watch?
Ben Let’s find a scary horror film!
Lisa I don’t like horror films. How about a drama?
Ben Hmm I don’t (4) that. Do you like animated films?
Lisa Yes, I do.
Ben How about (5) the new Spiderman movie?
don’t What fancy watching
Lisa Yes, okay. It sounds cool.
Ben Do you want to get some pizza too?
You Rispondi con il nome di un gioco che ti piace.
I like (Call of Duty).
Your friend Risponde che non gli piace molto, è troppo violento.
Hmm. I don’t fancy that. It’s too violent.
You Chiedi che videogioco gli piace, invece.
What video game do you like?
Your friend Suggerisce il nome di un altro gioco.
Well, I like Mario Party Superstars.
You Dici che piace anche a te. Proponi di giocare.
Let’s
Lisa Good idea. (6) order some online.
Yes, I like that game too. Let’s play that.
6 Match the questions to the answers.
1 Can I use your calculator?
2 Could I book some tickets please?
3 Is it okay to open the window?
4 Can we sit here?
5 Could I have some water please?
6 Is it okay to write the answers in pencil?
a No, I’m sorry you can’t. Those seats are for parents.
b Sure, there’s a bottle in the fridge.
c No, sorry, you have to use a black ink pen.
d No sorry, I need it today.
e Yes of course. I’m hot too.
f Yes, of course. How many do you want?
7 Complete six other answers to the questions in ex. 6 with the words from the box. Then match them to the questions 1-6.
it’s • free • yes • online • can’t • course
a No, I’m sorry you . It’s too cold.
b No sorry, finished.
c Yes, of . Pencil’s fine.
d , of course. It’s in my bag.
e Yes, of course. The seats are .
f No, I’m sorry. You have to book them .
8 Match the words and form functions. Which one of these functions does ex. 6 refer to?
asking for/giving
9 Complete the dialogue with your own ideas.
can I use your laptop for a few hours
Mum No sorry Jack, I’m using it at the moment. Why do you need it?
Jack (1) Mum, ?
Jack (2) .
I need it to do some research for my Art project
Mum Why don’t you ask Ava for her laptop?
Jack (3) .
She says she’s using it
Mum Okay, well, ask your dad for his tablet then.
Jack (4) ?
Okay, good idea. … Dad, could I borrow your
tablet please
Dad Yes, of course. It’s in the kitchen.
Jack (5) ?
Thanks. Is it okay to use your headphones too
Dad Yes, sure. No problem.
Cool. Thanks Dad
Jack (6) !
10 You are talking with your friend Carla. Follow the instructions to write the dialogue.
You Chiedi se puoi prendere in prestito le sue cuffie.
Carla, can I borrow your headphones?
Your friend Chiede dove sono le tue.
Where are your headphones?
You Rispondi che le tue si sono rotte.
Mine are broken.
Your friend Chiede perché ti servono adesso.
Why do you need them?
You Rispondi che devi ascoltare un’opera per il compito di musica.
I need them to listen to some pieces of music for my music homework.
Your friend Dice che per ora le sue le servono – sta ascoltando gli esercizi di pronuncia spagnola.
Sorry, I’m using them at the moment. I’m listening to some Spanish pronunciation exercises.
You Chiedi se le puoi usare più tardi, allora.
Can I use them later?
Your friend Dice di sì, senz’altro. Le puoi avere stasera, dopo cena.
Yes, of course. You can have them tonight, after dinner.
You Ringrazia la tua amica.
Thanks very much, Carla.
WRITING LETTERS AND EMAILS
An email
1 Look at this email. Match the numbers (1-6) to the parts below.
1 Date: 16.04....
2 To: Saskia Larsson
From: Lara Taylor
3 Subject: Introducing myself
4 Hi Saskia,
My name is Lara.
3 Complete the email below with the missing words.
I’m from Los Angeles. It’s a big and busy place! I’m 14 and I’m in grade 8 at high school. My favourite subjects are music and Spanish. I love everything Spanish –we visited Barcelona in Spain last year, it’s such an amazing place! What are your favourite subjects?
I haven’t got any sisters but I’ve got a little brother. His name’s Diego and he’s 9. I’ve also got a dog and its name’s Perro – that’s ‘dog’ in Spanish! Have you got any brothers or sisters or a pet?
My favourite singer is Stormzy! He’s really cool! I’ve just bought the tickets to his next concert, I can’t wait! What about you? Who is your favourite singer or band?
5 Write to me soon!
6 Lara
an opening greeting the sender’s name a closing greeting the recipient’s name the reason for the email the date of the email
2 Read the email in ex. 1 again and answer the questions.
1 Who is the email from?
2 Who is it to?
3 When did she send it?
4 Where is the sender from?
5 What did she do last year?
6 Has she got any brothers or sisters?
7 Who is her favourite singer?
favourite subjects • have you got Shaun Cowell • hi Alex twin sisters and a brother • hello from Vancouver! bye for now • what’s your
Date: 25.10....
To: Alex Jones
From: (1)
Subject:
(2)
Shaun Cowell
Hello from Vancouver!
(3) ,
Hi Alex
My name’s Shaun. I’m from Vancouver in Canada. It’s a great city! I’m a student in grade 8 and I’m 13. How old are you? My (4) are PE and IT. Last year I won the first prize at the coding challenge here at school, what a day! How about you? What’s your favourite subject at school? I’ve got quite a big family: (5) . It can be difficult at times, but we usually get on pretty well. (6) any brothers or sisters? My favourite sport is ice hockey and I support the Vancouver Canucks. Have you ever played ice hockey? It’s so much fun! (7) favourite sport?
favourite subjects twin sisters and a brother
Have you got What’s your Bye for now
(8) , Shaun
4 Look at the language in the table. Write the headings from the box in the correct columns.
My name’s… I’m… Take care, Speak soon, Bye for now, Key p. 280
8 What three questions does she ask Saskia?
Closing an email • Starting an email Introducing yourself
Starting an email Introducing yourself Closing an email
Hi Saskia, Hello Tom, Hi there!
A letter
5 Read Karen’s letter. Match the paragraphs (1-4) to the topics (A-D).
A telling where you went on holiday
B thanking the other person for their letter
C asking for a reply
D giving the details
22, Sunnyside Road
Newport 8th August 20...
1 Dear Jason,
Thanks for your letter. It arrived this morning. Your holiday at the lake sounds a lot of fun! I didn’t know you were good at canoeing! Are you back at home now? How’s everything going?
2 You asked me about my holidays. Have you ever been skiing in summer? I’ve been many times but I was really unlucky this time. I had an accident while I was in the mountains in Austria with my family last week.
3 What happened? Well, I’m quite good at skiing, but there was a lot of ice and I couldn’t ski very well. While I was coming down the mountain, I went off the piste and crashed into a tree! I was in a lot of pain, so my parents called the emergency services. They took me to hospital by helicopter because that’s the fastest way! It was frightening (but exciting, too!). The doctors said that my leg was broken, so I had to have an operation a few days ago. Now I’m bored because I’m at home and I can’t do anything. I’m in bed with my leg in the air! This morning I feel a bit happier because everyone has sent ‘Get well soon’ messages to my phone.
4 Write to me again soon and tell me all your news, Karen
6 Read the letter again. Answer the questions.
1 When did Karen receive Jason’s letter?
2 Where did Karen go on holiday?
3 What happened to Karen during her holiday?
4 Where is Karen now?
5 How is she feeling this morning? Why?
6 Why do you think Karen decided to send a letter to Jason rather than an email?
7 Read Jason’s reply. Put the parts of his letter in the correct order.
15, Redhall Road Berwick
A You asked me for my news. Well, nothing much is happening with me at the moment but my sister Anna has got some big news – she’s going to study for a year in Australia!
B Thanks so much for your letter. I hope you’re feeling better. What a disaster! Is your leg painful? How long do you have to stay in bed?
C Take care, Jason
D Write soon and tell me how you’re feeling,
E She applied for an exchange programme for high school students last year, then she didn’t hear anything for months and months. But now they have finally written to her and told her she’s been accepted. She’s going to Brisbane and will be studying at a school called Sandybank High School that’s on the coast. It looks awesome on the website and guess what they do for PE? Surfing and sailing!
F Dear Karen,
G We go back to school in one week so I’m starting to buy my books, notebooks etc for the new term. When do you go back?
H 10th August 20...
8 Look at the language in the table. Write the headings from the box in the correct columns.
Asking for a reply • Closing a letter • Starting a letter Thanking a person for their letter
Dear Jason, Dear Mr and Mrs Griffiths,
Thank you for your letter
Thanks very much for your letter Write back soon
Write and tell me all your news Lots of
Love from Best wishes
Planning your answer and checking your work
EXAM STRATEGIES
Prima di iniziare a scrivere, leggi attentamente la consegna e assicurati di:
• aver compreso la tipologia di testo da scrivere;
• sapere a chi devi scrivere e perché;
• aver preso nota di tutte le informazioni che devi inserire nella tua risposta;
• aver pensato a come iniziare e nire il testo.
Poi utilizza i tuoi appunti per scrivere una prima copia in brutta. Riguarda la tua copia e controlla di aver inserito tutte le informazioni richieste e di aver usato in modo corretto spelling, punteggiatura e grammatica.
9 Read the task. Answer the questions.
Write a letter to your friend Charlotte and tell her about your recent trip to London. Include the following information, then ask Charlotte about her trip this summer.
• Who you went with
• Where you stayed
• Which places you visited
• What was your favourite activity there
• What the weather was like
1 Is this task for an email or a letter?
10 Now look at a different student’s answer to the task in exercise 9. She has made a few mistakes. Find the errors and correct them.
• three punctuation errors
• seven spelling errors
• four grammar errors
64 Hillview Road Edinburgh 12th December 20...
Deer Charlotte
Thanks for your last leter. It were lovely to hear from you. I’ve just get back from my trip to London. I was there on holiday with my mum and dad and Harriet, my little sister, and I really loved it. We stayed in a big hotel in the center of London. It was closer to the bus stop than the Tube station but I liked waking. I shared a room with Harriet. It was okay but she was a bit annoying. There are so many things you can do in London. We visited the London Dungeons which were quite scary! Then we went on a cruise on the river thames, which was nice but I didn’t like being on the boat much. I felt a bit ill! On the last day we visited the British Museum. I thoght it was a bit boring but I liked the Egyptian mummies.
but I liked waking. I shared a room with Harriet. It
weather was terrible. It rains every day we were a letter
2 What is the reason for writing?
telling someone about a trip you took
3 Who are you writing to?
a friend, Charlotte
4 What information about you should you include?
5 What tenses should you use?
Past simple, Present perfect
6 What questions should you ask?
what Charlotte's trip was like people you went with, accommodation, places visited, favourite activity, weather
The food in London was surprisingly good – you can find food from many different countrys – but the weather was terrible. It rains every day we were there for a few hours. But the rain was a good excuse to go shopping! I’ve brought you a present from a shop in Oxford Street and I’m gong to send it tomorrow. I hope you like it.
How was your trip to Edinburgh? I’m sorry I wasn’t there to meet you. Did you went to the zoo?
Write soon and tell me all your news
Lots of love, Sandra
Practice
11 Read the tasks and follow the instructions to write an email.
Task 1
Your friend, James, wants to visit you in your home town for a day. Write an email to James.
Tell him:
• which day he can come;
• what activities you can do together;
• the best way to get to your town by public transport.
Ask him:
• how he’s travelling to your town.
Task 2
Your friend, Caroline, wasn’t at school yesterday because she was ill. Write an email to Caroline.
Tell her:
• what you did in the English class yesterday;
• what homework the teacher gave you;
• which students passed the last test.
Ask her:
• how she’s feeling;
• when she’s coming back to school.
Task 3
You and your classmates are organising a surprise birthday party for a friend, Harry. Write an email to invite two more friends to the party.
Tell them:
• the time and the place for the party;
• what food and drinks there will be;
• the music you are going to play.
Ask them:
• if they can come;
• to make suggestions for Harry’s birthday present.
Task 4
Imagine you have just interviewed your sport hero / heroine. Write a letter to your best friends.
Tell them:
• who the person is;
• what his/her sport is;
• where you met him/her;
• something interesting about his/her career;
• the medals/prizes he/she has won.
Ask them:
• who their sports hero is;
• if they’ve ever seen/met them.
Task 5
12 Read the tasks and follow the instructions to write a letter.
You and your classmates want to help Mrs Green, your sports teacher, to organise the school sports day. Write to Mrs Green.
Ask her:
• what time the sports day starts;
• what she would like you and your friends to do to help.
Tell her:
• which sport you especially want to include in the sports day;
• why you want to include it.
Task 6
Write a letter to your best friend and tell him/her your plans for the future.
Tell them:
• what you are going to do in the summer;
• which secondary school you are going to next term and why you chose it;
• what you expect from secondary school.
Ask them:
• what their plans are for secondary school.
Personal topics
EXAM STRATEGIES
Nel colloquio orale ti si potrebbe chiedere di parlare di un tema che riguarda la tua vita personale. Per arrivare preparato, individua gli argomenti di cui vorresti parlare e ripassa il vocabolario speci co per ogni argomento. Prepara una scaletta da sviluppare utilizzando delle mappe concettuali come modello.
Presenta il tuo tema personale a un amico o a un familiare e fai pratica di pronuncia ed esposizione. Cerca di essere naturale e usa sempre un cronometro: ti aiuterà a capire se devi aggiungere o togliere dei dettagli.
My hobbies
• sports I like and play
• what I like doing in my free time
• how many we are
• where we are from
• our house My family
My town
• where I live
• what I like about my town
• what I don’t like about my town
• my dream friend
• my dream job My dreams
• my dream holiday
• favourite films
• favourite songs
• favourite books
• favourite food My favourites
• time spent at school
• time spent at home
• time spent outdoors My typical day
MY WORLD
• where he/she lives
• where you met him/her Where
• who this person is
• what he/she is like
• what he/she looks like Who
A PERSON I ADMIRE
• why you admire him/her
• what he/she does
• what you like about this person What
• when you usually see each other
• when was the last time you saw him/her When
Cultural topics
• USA
• Vietnam Geography
PE
• 1968 Summer Olympics
French
• French colonialism in Asia
Music
• Bob Dylan and Joan Baez
THE VIETNAM WAR LA GUERRA IN VIETNAM
• The role of helicopters in the war Technology
• War art and photography Art
• The cause and consequences of the war
• The Civil Rights Movement History
• Chemical weapons: agent orange Science
• The United Nations
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Civic Education
• The Civil Rights Movement
• The Holocaust History
Geography
• Immigration
PE
• The Paralympic Games
Spanish
• Indigenous people in South America
DIVERSITY LA DIVERSITÀ
• Vincent van Gogh
• Frida Kahlo Art
Technology
• Haters on social media
• The Quiet American, by Graham Green
• Platoon, by Oliver Stone Literature and film
Music
• Clandestino, by Manu Chao
• Born this Way, by Lady Gaga
Science
• Genetics and DNA
Literature and film
• Wonder, by R. J. Palacio
Geography
• Where does our food come from?
Civic Education
• Food waste
History
• Food from the American Conquest
Geography
• Paris, France (2024 Olympics)
Science
• The muscular system
• National Anthems
• We are the Champions’, Queen Music
Literature and film
• Food in Camilleri’s novels
• Super Size Me, by Morgan Spurlock
FOOD AND HEALTH
L’ALIMENTAZIONE E LA SALUTE
Technology
• GMO food and organic farming
Science
• The digestive system
• The Vegetable Orchestra of Vienna Music
History
• The Olympic Games during WWII
THE OLYMPIC GAMES
I GIOCHI OLIMPICI
Literature and film
• Sabotaggio olimpico, di Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
• I, Tonya, by Craig Gillespie
French
• A French recipe
Art
• Arcimboldo
• Andy Warhol
Technology
• Cameras and sensors
Art
• Greek art
PE
• Weirdest sports at the Olympic games
A1 Task 1 | Short answer questions (one to four words)
Read the advertising card for a painting in the park event. Answer the questions (1-7). Use a maximum of 4 words.
The first one (0) is an example.
BE CREATIVE!
1 What things will participants paint?
2 What equipment is provided?
3 Who will help teach the participants?
4 What is the class doing this week?
5 How much painting experience do participants need?
6 Where does the painting group meet?
7 How do participants make bookings?
Scenes of nature
Paints, canvas and brushes
An experienced artist
Painting with watercolours
None / No prior experience
King’s Park
By phone
A1 Task 2 | Matching opinions with sentences
Read some opinions (8-12) about the Olympic Games and match them to the sentences (A-G). There is one sentence you do not need.
The first one (0) is an example.
'… The Olympics also provides work because the event requires a large number of staff as well as people with different skills.'
Adrianne – Nice, France
'… It is not a waste of money. It gives people something to cheer for and allows them to support their own community. It is a time when everybody comes together.'
Jeffrey – Oxford, UK
'… The Olympics celebrate our spirit of competition and the best abilities of each participant. This is a good thing.'
Audrey
– Cape Town, South Africa
'… The money used for building the facilities of the Olympic Games should be given to poor people.' Jackson – Charlotte, USA
'… The Olympic Games bring all nations and different people together to compete in various skills and sports.'
Rupert – Berlin, Germany
'… The investment in the Olympics is good for the whole economy. Better transport helps to improve tourism and local business.' Maximillian – Cambridge, UK
A The Olympics make people feel united.
B It’s an opportunity for all countries to interact.
C The Olympic Games should only be in Europe.
D The Olympic Games celebrate the best in human beings.
E The Olympics help tourism and local economies.
F The money should be used for other things.
G The Olympics Games give job opportunities.
A1 Task 3 | Reordering sentences
Read the instructions (A-H) to make an omelette, then put them in the correct order (13-18). There is one instruction you do not need.
The first one (0) is an example.
A First, break the eggs into a bowl and beat them with a fork.
B Get all the ingredients: fresh eggs, Parmesan cheese, salt, pepper, olive oil.
C Heat a non-stick pan to cook the omelette in.
D Buy some basil to add to the dish.
E Pour the omelette mixture into the hot pan and cook it.
F Add Parmesan cheese to the egg mixture and whisk
G Put some olive oil into the hot pan.
H Add a pinch of salt and pepper to the bowl of cheese and eggs.
non-stick (adj) antiaderente whisk sbatti
A2 Task 4 | Gap-fill (with pool)
Read the text about robots. Complete the gaps with the missing parts from the box (19-27). There is one part that you do not need. The first one (0) is an example.
ROBOTS
Robots are becoming (0) more and more advanced and many different industries are using them, especially in factories where (19) and in the healthcare sector. To make robots, engineers use their knowledge of engineering, programming, and design (20) that can do tasks better and more accurately than humans.
One exciting development in robotics is the use (21) (AI) and machine learning. This technology allows robots to ‘think’ and make decisions (22) . They can also adapt to changing situations and learn from their experiences. This means that we can use robots to do things similar to (23)
For example, they can assist doctors doing operations in hospitals or drive vehicles by themselves. Robots can also help us (24) like climate change or life on other planets where humans (25) . This means that the science and (26) will have an important role in how we do things in the future.
of artificial intelligence • take away jobs • things are made • on their own • study important things • more and more what humans do • to create robots • engineering behind robotics • cannot easily go • are impossible to things are made study important things to create robots on their own what humans do take away jobs cannot easily go engineering behind robotics of artificial intelligence
However, some people are worried that robots will start to replace human workers and (27) . At the same time, other people think robots will give people more free time for enjoyable activities.
SECTION 1 – READING COMPREHENSION
A2 Task 5 | Matching sentences with notices
Match the notices (A-E) to the sentences (28-33). You can use a notice more than once.
The first one (0) is an example.
Mum, I am running out of shampoo. If you go to the supermarket, could you please get some for me? Thanks a lot!
hings to Do ■ Pay bills ■ Wash car ■ Get laundry
Buy groceries ■ Pick up kids
THEY MIGHT STILL BE HERE AT THE LOST AND FOUND OFFICE
GUEST NOTICE
IT MAY NOT BE NECESSARY FOR US TO WASH YOUR TOWELS EVERY DAY.
IN ORDER TO BE MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY WE ASK THE FOLLOWING:
- TOWELS LEFT ON THE RAIL WILL MEAN THAT YOU ARE HAPPY TO USE THEM AGAIN.
- TOWELS PLACED IN THE BATH OR SHOWER WILL BE CHANGED.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR HELP!
• keep the surroundings clean
• keep away from barriers and fences
• use rubbish bins
Someone needs more shampoo.
28 You may find something that you have lost.
29 A list of tasks to complete.
30 Can be found at the zoo.
31 This is from Ricky to his mother.
32 A reminder to pick up the children.
33 Can be found at a hotel.
• tease the animals you see
• enter with sharp objects, firearms, food, musical instruments, games
• litter the place
A2 Task 6 | Four-option multiple choice
Read the following text. For questions 34-39, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Only one answer is correct.
34 Orchids are not a
A symbol of harmony.
B Chinese symbol of love.
C symbol of beauty.
An amazing flower
environment. The orchid flower has a special charm and perfect beauty, and it has symbolised elegance and harmony but above all, passion and love for many centuries. In the language of flowers the orchid means
The orchid is also a flower to give to the person who will return our love. While in China the orchid symbolises the purity of children, in Western countries it is considered a message of love for the most important person in one’s life, the symbol of everlasting feelings. The pink orchid, which symbolises grace and joy, is considered ideal as a gift for a 14th wedding anniversary, while the pastel rose and cream orchid is perfect as a gift for the 28th anniversary. For Mother’s Day, you can give a bouquet of fragrant Cattleya orchids, as they are considered similar to the charm of growing old.
White orchids symbolise innocence, purity and elegance. Yellow orchids are for a friend, while purple orchids are given as a sign of respect. Black orchids, which are actually dark brown, seem to have magical power. They are the symbol of authority and they are an ideal gift to a man to wish him success at work. In Christian beliefs, the stains on orchid flowers represent the blood of Christ, therefore at Easter church altars are often adorned with these flowers.
More generally, today, orchid flowers are used for weddings and important events because, while they represent a sign of greeting or congratulations, they are also good luck. Before buying an orchid plant however, it is good to know if you have a house exposed to the north, or poorly lit, because in this case it is better to give up! Orchids need to be exposed to sunlight throughout the year. Like all flowering plants, orchids need special care and should be placed in a sunny room facing south, south-west or south-east.
Just be careful to avoid direct exposure to sunlight.
D symbol of grace.
35 The word ‘orchid’ means gratitude in the language of
A signs
B politics. C love. D flowers.
36 Which of the following statements is correct?
A Orchids represent the innocence of children in Western countries.
B Orchids are used to express love in Eastern countries.
C Rose and cream orchids are the ideal present for a 28th wedding anniversary.
D Yellow orchids have magical powers.
37 What is the best colour orchid to give to a friend?
A red and black
B yellow C pastel rose D white
38 What use of orchids is not mentioned?
A wedding anniversaries
B Easter time
C doing well at work
D Father’s Day
39 Orchids really need to
A avoid direct exposure to the sun.
B be kept in a dark room.
C be placed near other flowering plants.
D be in a house exposed to the north.
A2 Task 7 | True / False / Not given questions
Read the text about fairness. Are the sentences 40-45 True, False or Not given?
The first one (0) is an example.
Fairness is about treating people equally and making sure nobody is disadvantaged. This way, we all have the same opportunities. Fairness can also mean that people in difficulty get extra help to make their lives easier. This creates greater equality. Without fairness, some individuals or groups may be treated differently, which is a form of social injustice.
Everyone needs to feel that people are listening to them, treating them with respect and valuing them, and the weaker members of our society need to be protected and assisted. Fairness in a community makes everybody feel welcome and included. Where people come from, what they believe in or the things that they own are not important. It is natural to trust the things we know and understand, and people that are different can make us feel uncomfortable. If we feel like this, we often treat other people unfairly. This is called discrimination.
We need to learn to celebrate diversity in all areas of society. We should see differences as something positive for society, not something to be afraid of. If everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed, it will lead to greater unity and well-being for everyone.
False Not given 0 Fairness means everyone is treated the same. 40 Fairness also means helping people gain greater equality.
41 The government promotes fairness in society.
42 Without fairness, nobody experiences discrimination.
43 Fairness makes people feel part of a community.
44 ‘Discrimination’ is when we treat other people unfairly.
45 We are never afraid of differences in people.
TOWARDS INVALSI
A1 Task 1 | Matching names with pictures
Listen to Jane describing a picture of her classroom. Write the classmates’ names in the boxes (1-5).
The first one (0) is an example.
You will hear the recording twice.
You will have 20 seconds at the end of the second recording to complete your answers.
You now have 20 seconds to look at the task.
A1 Task 2 | Multiple matching with pictures
Listen to some people talking about the shoes they prefer to wear. While listening, match the pictures (A-H) to the people’s names (6-10). There are two pictures that you do not need.
The first one (0) is an example.
You will hear the recording twice.
You will have 20 seconds at the end of the second recording to complete your answers.
You now have 20 seconds to look at the task. 1
2
Mark John
Peter Emma Bella
Audioscript p. 281
Audioscript p. 281
SECTION 2 – LISTENING COMPREHENSION
A1 Task 3 | Multiple matching with pictures
Listen to a girl, Rose, talking to a friend about her new classmates. While listening, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for sentences 11-15. Only one answer is correct.
The first one (0) is an example.
You will hear the recording twice.
You will have 20 seconds at the end of the second recording to complete your answers.
You now have 20 seconds to look at the task.
Audioscript p. 281
11 Richard is going to
A the shopping mall with Jack.
B the shopping mall with Jack and his brother.
C the beach with Rachel and Manuel.
D the shopping mall with Rachel.
12 Mary, Rosaleen and Wendy are
A Rose’s cousins.
B Rose’s new classmates.
C Richard’s old friends.
D Rose’s old friends.
13 The young, tall girl with short curly hair is
A Wendy
B Rosaleen.
C Mary.
D Sarah.
with Jack and Richard.
B with Jack only. Rose is going to the park
C with her new classmates.
D with Richard only.
14 Mary is the girl
A with long dark hair and blue eyes.
B with long dark hair and green eyes.
C with short blonde hair and brown eyes.
D with short dark hair and blue eyes.
15 Rosaleen is
A very patient and hardworking.
B very fashionable but unfriendly.
C very fashionable and patient.
D very friendly and fashionable.
TOWARDS INVALSI A2
A2 Task 4 | Four-option multiple choice
Listen to a boy and a girl talking about going to a music concert. While listening, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for questions 16-20. Only one answer is correct. The first one (0) is an example.
0 What type of band is doing a concert in their city?
Audioscript p. 281
16 What is near the concert hall?
17 How will they travel to the concert?
You will hear the recording twice. You will have 20 seconds at the end of the second recording to complete your answers. You now have 20 seconds to look at the task.
18 What time does the girl need to be at the boy’s home?
19 Where are they going to buy their tickets?
20How much will they spend on the tickets?
A2 Task 5 | Headline matching
Listen to an announcement in a sports centre. While listening, choose the headline (A-I) for each announcement (21-25). Write your answers in the boxes. There are three headlines that you do not need.
The first one (0) is an example.
You will hear the recording twice. You will have 20 seconds at the end of the second recording to complete your answers. You now have 20 seconds to look at the task.
Audioscript p. 282
HEADLINE
A Booking sports facilities.
B No selfies at the main entrance.
C Don’t waste time on your phone while training.
D A special experience for children and grown-ups.
E Health comes first.
F We will lend you the equipment you need.
G Lock all your valuables in assigned lockers.
H What you have to do at the pool.
I What you can’t do at the gym.
A2 Task 6 | Multiple matching (sentence beginnings to their endings)
Listen to someone talking about the water we need. While listening, match the first part of the sentences (26-30) to the second part (A-I). There are three parts that you do not need.
The first one (0) is an example.
You will hear the recording twice.
You will have 20 seconds at the end of the second recording to complete your answers.
You now have 20 seconds to look at the task.
Audioscript p. 282
How much water is enough?
0 The United Nations says F
26 People need at least
27 All water must be clean
28 Nearly a third of people
29 Water must not be
30 The cost of water
A 6 glasses of water a day.
B and not dangerous to drink.
C have unsafe water.
D live by rivers.
E should be low.
F that water is a human right.
G 50 litres of water a day.
H too far away from the house.
I used for washing.
Reading – Part 1
Questions 1 - 6
For each question, choose the correct answer.
RIDING CENTRE
Beginners lesson starts at 3.00 p.m. Please visit the front desk 20 minutes before class to pick up riding equipment.
Hi Steve, Dad rang. He said he’s already been shopping, but don’t forget to take the book back to the library. Mum
Laura, I’m sick so I’m not coming to the theatre with the class tonight. Tell the teacher I’ll bring the money for the ticket to school tomorrow.
Thanks, Andy
A Training is from three to twenty past three.
B You must collect something at the front desk first.
C Beginners can buy equipment from the front desk.
What should Steve do?
A Remember to return something.
B Go to the shops.
C Call his dad.
What does Andy want Laura to tell the teacher?
A Andy won’t be at school tomorrow.
B Andy will pay for the ticket at school.
C Andy will go to the theatre later.
FOR SALE-Road Bike
Five years old, in good condition but needs new tyres.
text Annie 542-661950 for more info
The advert says that
A You might need to make a few changes to the bike.
B 5-year-old children can ride the bike.
C The bike’s tyres are in good condition.
From: To: Phil Lucy
Hi Lucy, can we have the class party on Saturday, not on Sunday? Half past seven is fine, but it won’t be at Pat’s house, it will be at mine instead.
ALL PASSENGERS MUST SHOW THEIR TICKET TO THE POLICE BEFORE ENTERING THE PLATFORM.
What does Phil want to do?
A Change the time and day of the party.
B Have the party in another place and on another day.
C Have the party on a different weekend.
Where is this sign?
A At a railway station.
B At an airport.
C On a bus.
EMAIL
Reading – Part 2
7 - 13
Oskar Mary
Freeda
THE MOST IMPORTANT SCHOOL SUBJECTS
I think that we study more subjects now than in the past. I quite like having a lot of subjects at school, though, and I enjoy learning most of them. In my opinion the most useful ones are those which help you to find a job. Of course, subjects like information technology and science are important to prepare you for today’s world, but you also need to know english well to talk and listen to people
Mary
I love subjects that teach me about the world around me, like science and geography. I also think that we should learn about the past. History can help us to understand the world today and perhaps to find answers to modern problems. However, there are some subjects I don’t think we should learn at school. Greek and latin can be interesting, but I think that you should study them at university because they are difficult and many students my age find them boring.
Most people don’t like classical languages and think greek and latin are not as important as information technology or maths. I think they can do a lot to help you in today’s world, though. You need to use your brain to learn them and in today’s world that’s important if you want to find a good job. Of course, subjects like IT or science are useful, too, but I don’t think they are as important as languages.
Reading – Part 3
Questions 14 - 18
For each question, choose the correct answer.
TRENTON BIOLOGY FAIR
by Anita Jones, age 13
Last month, all the science teachers at my junior high school decided to set up a biology fair. They asked all the students to plan and make a project for the two-day fair last week. I was in a group with my best friends Wei-ling, Julia and Pedro. All the groups worked hard on their projects for two weeks before the fair.
My group did an experiment to find out what happens to your teeth when you drink sugary drinks: we used three eggs because their shells are similar to the outside of our teeth. We put them into di erent glasses with cola, apple juice and plain water. Then we checked how the colour changed and took pictures that we pasted on a large whiteboard in the hall.
The other groups from my class worked on a lot of interesting projects, too. It was great to walk around the hall and look at the other students while they worked: one group showed how important light is to grow plants. Another group stopped an apple from turning brown by using lemon juice.
We all worked really hard and at the end of the two weeks our teachers chose the top four projects. They gave a prize to each of them. The top prize went to a group of older students. It’s a pity that my group didn’t get a prize but that’s not so important. I was just pleased we took part and we had a great time together.
14 How long did the students prepare for the fair?
A 2 days.
B 1 month.
C 2 weeks.
15 What was the main topic of Anita’s experiment?
A Eggs.
B Teeth.
C Sugar.
16 Where did the students work on their projects?
A In the hall.
B In a garden.
C In their classrooms.
17 What did the group who worked on the apple find out?
A Apples turn brown when you put them into lemon juice.
B Apples don’t change their colour if you use lemon juice.
C Brown apples turn white with lemon juice.
18 How did Anita feel when the teachers chose the best projects?
A Angry because her group didn’t win.
B Happy because she enjoyed working with her classmates.
C Tired because her group had done a lot of work.
Reading – Part 4
Questions 19 - 24
For each question, choose the correct answer.
Vincent Van Gogh’s early years
Vincent van Gogh (19) born in the Netherlands in 1853. Many people in his family worked in the art world. Vincent had two brothers and three sisters, but he was closest (20) his younger brother Theo.
Vincent enjoyed drawing from the time he was a young boy, but he had a number of other jobs before he decided to work (21) an artist full time. He was a teacher in London and he (22) worked in a bookstore and an art gallery.
(23) Vincent first started drawing he used pencils and watercolour paints as well. He liked to draw pictures of poor people. At the beginning of his career, he used a lot of dark colours and his pictures were often sad. The (24) famous early painting of all was called The Potato Eaters.
Reading – Part 5
Questions 25 - 30
For each question, write the correct answer. Write ONE word for each gap.
Anyway, write soon! was to a to who / that ago how gave as also When most
Hi Amanda,
Guess what? Last week I met Perry Stevens, (25) pop star. He sat next (26) me on the train to Glasgow!
He was really nice and friendly. He was going to visit his grandmother (27) lives in Glasgow. He said he lived there until a few years (28) and now he really misses Scotland. I told him (29) much I loved his music.
He (30) me his email address and told me to write to him if I wanted to see his concert in Edinburgh next December! I can’t believe it!
Send
New message
Harry Amanda From: To:
Writing – Part 6
Questions 31
You want to ask your classmate Fiona to help you with your homework. Write an email to Fiona.
Say:
• what subject you need help with
• where you can meet
• when you can meet
Write 25 words or more.
Writing – Part 7
Questions
32
Look at the three pictures. Write the story shown in pictures. Write 35 words or more.
TOWARDS A2 Key for Schools
Part 1
Questions 1 – 5
Audioscript p. 283
For each question, choose the correct picture.
1 Where has the man left his mobile phone?
2 What will the girl eat? 3 What is the weather like now?
What does Kurt borrow?
What sport are these students talking about?
Part 2
Questions 6 - 10
For each question, write the correct answer in the gap. Write one word or a number or a date or a time.
You will hear a coach telling some boys and girls about a boat race.
SCHOOL BOAT RACE
TOWARDS A2 Key for Schools
Part 3
Questions 11 - 15
Audioscript p. 283
For each question, choose the correct answer.
You will hear Nelly and Bart talking about school uniforms.
11 Why have Nelly and Bart not met for a long time?
A He was in a foreign country.
B She changed school.
C He was travelling with his Italian uncle.
12 Why is Nelly wearing a school uniform?
A Her own clothes are too old.
B She goes to a different school now.
C Her old school now has a uniform.
13 What does Nelly think about uniforms?
A They are boring.
B She really loves wearing them.
C She thinks they are useful.
14 Why doesn’t Bart like uniforms?
A He thinks uniforms are too different.
B He thinks everyone looks the same in a uniform.
C He thinks most people don’t like uniforms.
15 How does Nelly feel about her clothes?
A She would like to wear them to school sometimes.
B She only wants to wear them on Sundays and Saturdays.
C She doesn’t like them anymore.
Part 4
Questions 16 - 20
Audioscript p. 284
For each question, choose the correct answer.
16 You will hear a girl talking about TV programmes. Which one does she want to watch?
A A football match.
B A TV series.
C A documentary.
17 You will hear two friends talking about a drawing course. What did the girl enjoy most about the course?
A The teacher was great fun.
B She learned a lot of new things.
C She made new friends.
18 You will hear a girl talking about going to school. Why doesn’t she want to go with her friend?
A Because her friend doesn’t walk fast enough.
B Because she enjoys walking alone.
C Because she doesn’t enjoy chatting.
19 You will hear a boy talking about a day out with his grandparents. Why did they go to the lake?
A It’s near to where they live.
B There are a lot of things to do there.
C It was good for swimming.
20 You will hear a girl talking about a film. Why was the film a surprise?
A The actors were very young.
B The film wasn’t long enough.
C The end was strange.
Part
5
Questions 21 - 25
Audioscript p. 284
For each question, choose the correct answer.
You will hear Elizabeth talking to her friend about a party. What did each of her friends bring?
PEOPLE
0 Elizabeth G
21 Fred
22 Yuki
23 Leela
24 Paul
25 Shane
FOOD AND DRINKS
A chicken
B sandwiches
C omelettes
D ice cream
E potatoes
F cake
G strawberries
H salad
TOWARDS A2 Key for Schools
Part 1 (3 - 4 minutes)
Phase 1
Interlocutor
To both candidates
Good morning / afternoon / evening. Can I have your mark sheets, please?
I’m (interlocutor’s name) and this is (assessor’s name).
To Candidate A What’s your name?
To Candidate B And what’s your name?
Interlocutor How old are you? Where do you live? or
Where do you come from?
Thank you.
Back-up prompts
If the candidate doesn’t understand or answer the question, the interlocutor will ask a similar question using different words:
• Are you from (country)?
• Do you live in (name of the area, town, etc.)?
Phase 2
Interlocutor Now let’s talk about your home.
(Candidate A), what is your favourite room in your flat / house? How many rooms are there in your home?
(Candidate B), who lives with you at home? Where do you eat your breakfast at home?
(Candidate A), tell me something about your living room. Now let’s talk about shopping.
(Candidate A), when do you usually go shopping? Who do you go shopping with?
(Candidate B), what do you like shopping for? Where do you usually go shopping?
(Candidate B), tell me something about your favourite shop.
Back-up prompts
• Do you have a favourite room?
• Are there many rooms in your flat / house?
• Do you live with your family?
• Do you eat breakfast in your bedroom?
• Do you often go shopping?
• Is your living room large?
• Do you go shopping with your friends?
• Do you like shopping for clothes?
• Do you go shopping in the centre?
• What’s your favourite shop?
Part 2 (5 - 6 minutes)
Phase 1 (3-4 minutes)
Interlocutor Now in this part you’re going to talk together. Here are some pictures that show you different hobbies.
Do you like these hobbies? Say why or why not. I’ll say that again.
Do you like these hobbies? Say why or why not. All right? Now talk together.
The interlocutor will then ask 1 or 2 questions on the topic based on the pictures:
Interlocutor Do you think reading is boring?
Do you think computer games are difficult?
Do you think playing chess is exciting?
Do you think listening to music is relaxing?
Do you think going to the cinema is expensive?
(Why / Why not?)
So, Candidate A, which of these hobbies do you like best?
And you, Candidate B, which of these hobbies do you like best?
Thank you.
Phase 2 (1-2 minutes)
Interlocutor Now, do you prefer hobbies with your family or with your friends, Candidate B? And what about you, Candidate A? (do you prefer hobbies with your family or with your friends?)
What is more fun: playing computer games or going to the cinema, Candidate A?
What about you, Candidate B? (What is more fun: playing computer games or going to the cinema?)
Thank you.
That is the end of the test.
Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns
my your his her its our your their mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
Present simple of be
Forma affermativa
Estesa Contratta
I am you are he / she / it is we are you are they are
Forma interrogativa
Am I... ?
Are you... ? Is he / she / it... ? Are we... ? Are you... ? Are they... ?
I’m you’re he’s / she’s / it’s we’re you’re they’re
il mio, la mia, i miei, le mie il tuo, la tua, i tuoi, le tue il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue (di lui) il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue (di lei) il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue (di esso/a) il nostro, la nostra, i nostri, le nostre il vostro, la vostra, i vostri, le vostre il loro, la loro, i loro, le loro
Forma negativa
Estesa Contratta
I am not you are not he / she / it is not we are not you are not they are not
Risposte brevi A ermative
Yes, you are. Yes, I am. Yes, he / she / it is. Yes, we are. Yes, you are. Yes, they are.
Present simple of have got
Forma affermativa
Estesa Contratta
I have got you have got he / she / it has got we have got you have got they have got
Forma interrogativa
Have I got…?
Have you got... ?
Has he / she / it got... ?
Have we got... ?
Have you got... ?
Have they got... ?
I’ve got you’ve got he’s / she’s / it’s got we’ve got you’ve got they’ve got
Forma negativa
I’m not you aren’t he / she / it isn’t we aren’t you aren’t they aren’t
Negative
No, you aren’t. No, I’m not. No, he / she / it isn’t. No, we aren’t. No, you aren’t. No, they aren’t.
Estesa Contratta
I have not got you have not got he / she / it has not got we have not got you have not got they have not got
Risposte brevi
A ermative
Yes, you have. Yes, I have. Yes, he / she / it has. Yes, we have. Yes, you have. Yes, they have.
I haven’t got you haven’t got he / she / it hasn’t got we haven’t got you haven’t got they haven’t got
Negative
No, you haven’t. No, I haven’t. No, he / she / it hasn’t. No, we haven’t. No, you haven’t. No, they haven’t.
Present simple
Forma affermativa
I walk. You walk. He / She / It walks. We walk. You walk. They walk.
Forma interrogativa
Do I walk…?
Do you walk…?
Does he / she / it walk…? Do we walk…?
Do you walk…? Do they walk…?
Present continuous
Forma affermativa
Forma negativa Estesa Contratta
I do not walk. You do not walk. He / She / It does not walk. We do not walk. You do not walk. They do not walk.
Risposte brevi
A ermative
Yes, you do. Yes, I do.
Yes, he / she / it does. Yes, we do.
Yes, you do. Yes, they do.
Forma negativa Estesa Contratta
I am walking. You are walking. He / She / It is walking. We are walking.
You are walking. They are walking.
Forma interrogativa
Am I walking?
Are you walking?
Is he / she / it walking? Are we walking?
Are you walking? Are they walking?
I’m walking. You’re walking. He’s / She’s / It’s walking. We’re walking. You’re walking. They’re walking.
I am not walking. You are not walking. He / She / It is not walking. We are not walking. You are not walking. They are not walking.
I don’t walk. You don’t walk. He / She / It doesn’t walk. We don’t walk. You don’t walk. They don’t walk.
Negative
No, you don’t. No, I don’t. No, he / she / it doesn’t. No, we don’t. No, you don’t. No, they don’t.
I’m not walking. You aren't walking. He / She / It isn't walking. We aren't walking. You aren't walking. They aren't walking.
Risposte brevi A ermative Negative
Yes, you are. Yes, I am.
Yes, he / she / it is. Yes, we are.
Yes, you are. Yes, they are.
Spelling variations
No, you aren’t. No, I’m not.
No, he / she / it isn’t. No, we aren’t. No, you aren’t. No, they aren’t.
Regole ortografiche per la formazione della terza persona singolare del Present simple -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, -zz, -o watch wash kiss relax buzz do -es watches washes kisses relaxes buzzes does consonante + -y study vocale + -y play -ies studies -s plays
Regole ortografiche per la forma in -ing
Forma base eat play study have stop lie Forma in -ing eating playing studying having stopping lying
Estesa Contratta
GRAMMAR TABLES
be – Past simple
Forma affermativa
I was you were he / she / it was we were you were they were
Forma interrogativa
Was I... ? Were you... ?
Was he... / she... ? / it... ? Were we... ? Were you... ? Were they... ?
there was, there were
Forma affermativa
There was a student.
Forma negativa Estesa Contratta
I was not you were not he / she / it was not we were not you were not they were not
Risposte brevi
A ermative
Yes, you were. Yes, I was. Yes, he / she / it was. Yes, we were. Yes, you were. Yes, they were.
I wasn’t you weren’t he / she / it wasn’t we weren’t you weren’t they weren’t
Negative
No, you weren’t. No, I wasn’t. No, he / she / it wasn’t. No, we weren’t. No, you weren’t. No, they weren’t.
Forma negativa
There was not a student. There wasn’t a student. There were some students. There were not any students. There weren’t any students.
Forma interrogativa
Was there a student?
Risposte brevi
A ermative
Negative
Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t. Were there any students? Yes, there were. No, there weren’t.
Past simple
Forma affermativa
I walked. You walked.
He / She / It walked. We walked.
You walked. They walked.
Forma interrogativa
Did I walk?
Did you walk?
Did he / she / it walk?
Did we walk?
Did you walk?
Did they walk?
Forma negativa
I did not walk. You did not walk. He / She / It did not walk. We did not walk. You did not walk. They did not walk.
Risposte brevi
A ermative
Yes, you did. Yes, I did.
Yes, he / she / it did. Yes, we did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, they did.
I didn’t walk. You didn’t walk. He / She / It didn’t walk. We didn’t walk. You didn’t walk. They didn’t walk.
Negative
No, you didn’t. No, I didn’t. No, he / she / it didn’t. No, we didn’t. No, you didn’t. No, they didn’t.
Estesa
Contratta
Il comparativo di maggioranza
aggettivi con una sillaba forma base dell’aggettivo + -er + than
aggettivi con due o più sillabe
Variazioni ortografiche
more + forma base dell’aggettivo + than
Tom is taller than Peter. Tom è più alto di Peter.
Science is more interesting than maths.
aggettivi con una sillaba che terminano in -e si aggiunge solo -r fine finer nice nicer
aggettivi con una sillaba che terminano in consonante preceduta da una sola vocale
aggettivi con due sillabe che terminano in -y
si raddoppia la consonante finale e si aggiunge -er big bigger thin thinner
si cambia la -y in -i e si aggiunge -er
Il comparativo di uguaglianza
happy happier lucky luckier
Variazioni ortografiche as + aggettivo + as Jamie is as beautiful as Sam. Jamie è (tanto) bello quanto Sam.
Il comparativo di minoranza
Variazioni ortografiche
less + aggettivo + than A bicycle is less expensive than a car.
Il superlativo
aggettivi con una sillaba the + forma base dell’aggettivo + -est + of/in
aggettivi con due o più sillabe the more + forma base dell’aggettivo + of/in
Variazioni ortografiche
Scienze è più interessante di matematica.
Una bicicletta è meno cara di un’automobile.
That’s the smallest house in the world.
This exercise is the most complicated of all.
aggettivi con una sillaba che terminano in -e si aggiunge solo -st fine the finest nice the nicest
aggettivi con una sillaba che terminano in consonante preceduta da una sola vocale
aggettivi con due sillabe che terminano in -y
si raddoppia la consonante finale e si aggiunge -est
si cambia la -y in -i e si aggiunge -est
big the biggest thin the thinnest
happy the happiest lucky the luckiest
Quella è la casa più piccola del mondo.
Questo esercizio è il più complicato di tutti.
have to, don’t have to
Forma affermativa
I have to go. You have to go.
He / She / It has to go. We have to go. You have to go. They have to go.
Forma interrogativa
Do I have to go?
Do you have to go?
Does he / she / it have to go?
Do we have to go?
Do you have to go?
Do they have to go?
Forma negativa
Estesa Contratta
I do not have to go. You do not have to go. He / She / It does not have to go. We do not have to go. You do not have to go. They do not have to go.
Risposte brevi A ermative
Yes, you do. Yes, I do.
Yes, he / she / it does.
Yes, we do.
Yes, you do.
Yes, they do.
I don’t have to go. You don’t have to go. He / She / It doesn’t have to go. We don’t have to go. You don’t have to go. They don’t have to go.
Negative
No, you don’t. No, I don’t.
No, he / she / it doesn’t. No, we don’t. No, you don’t. No, they don’t. must / mustn’t
Forma affermativa Forma negativa
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They must go.
could / couldn’t
Forma affermativa
/ You / He / She / It / We / You / They must not go. I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They mustn’t go.
Forma negativa
must alla forma interrogativa non è molto comune. Si preferisce usare have to REMEMBER
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They could go. I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They could not go. I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They couldn’t go.
Forma interrogativa
Risposte brevi A ermative Negative
Could I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they go? Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they could. No, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they couldn’t.
should / shouldn’t
Forma affermativa
Forma negativa Estesa Contratta
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They should go. I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They should not go. I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They shouldn’t go.
Forma interrogativa
Risposte brevi
A ermative Negative
Should I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they go? Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they should. No, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they shouldn’t.
Estesa
Contratta
Past continuous
Forma affermativa
I was going. You were going. He / She / It was going. We were going. You were going. They were going.
Forma interrogativa
Was I going? Were you going?
He / She / It was going? Were we going? Were you going? Were they going?
be going to
Forma affermativa
Estesa
I am going to play. You are going to play. He / She / It is going to play. We are going to play. You are going to play. They are going to play.
Forma interrogativa
Am I going to play?
Are you going to play?
Is he / she / it going to play?
Are we going to play?
Are you going to play? Are they going to play?
Forma negativa
Estesa Contratta
I was not going. You were not going. He / She / It was not going. We were not going. You were not going. They were not going.
Risposte brevi
A ermative
Yes, you were. Yes, I was.
Yes, he / she / it was. Yes, we were. Yes, you were. Yes, they were.
I wasn’t going. You weren’t going. He / She / It wasn’t going. We weren’t going. You weren’t going. They weren’t going.
Negative
No, you weren’t. No, I wasn’t. No, he / she / it wasn’t. No, we weren’t.
No, you weren’t. No, they weren’t.
Forma negativa
Contratta Estesa Contratta
I’m going to play. You’re going to play. He / She / It’s going to play. We’re going to play. You’re going to play. They’re going to play.
I am not going to play. You are not going to play. He / She / It is not going to play. We are not going to play. You are not going to play. They are not going to play.
Risposte brevi
A ermative Negative
Yes, you are.
Yes, I am.
Yes, he / she / it is. Yes, we are.
Yes, you are.
Yes, they are.
No, you aren’t.
No, I’m not.
No, he / she / it isn’t. No, we aren’t.
No, you aren’t. No, they aren’t. will / won’t
affermativa
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They will go.
Forma interrogativa
Will I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they go?
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They will not go.
Risposte brevi
Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they will.
I’m not going to play. You aren't going to play. He / She / It isn't going to play. We aren't going to play. You aren't going to play. They aren't going to play.
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They won’t go.
A ermative Negative
No, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they won’t.
Forma
Forma negativa
Estesa Contratta
GRAMMAR TABLES
Present perfect
Forma affermativa
Forma negativa
Estesa Contratta Estesa Contratta
I have played. You have played. He / She / It has played. We have played. You have played. They have played. I’ve played. You’ve played.
Forma interrogativa
Have I played?
Have you played?
Has he / she / it played?
Have we played?
Have you played? Have they played?
He’s / She’s / It’s played. We’ve played. You’ve played. They’ve played.
I have not played. You have not played. He / She / It has not played. We have not played. You have not played. They have not played. I haven’t played. You haven’t played. He / She / It hasn’t played. We haven’t played. You haven’t played. They haven’t played.
Risposte brevi A ermative
Yes, you have. Yes, I have. Yes, he / she / it has. Yes, we have.
Yes, you have. Yes, they have.
The passive: Present simple
Forma affermativa
Estesa Contratta
Forma negativa
Negative
No, you haven’t. No, I haven’t.
No, he / she / it hasn’t. No, we haven’t. No, you haven’t. No, they haven’t.
Estesa Contratta
I am He / She / It is We / You / They are called. I’m He / She / It’s We / You / They’re called. I am not He / She / It is not We / You / They are not called. I’m not He / She / It isn’t We / You / They aren’t called.
Forma interrogativa
Am I Is he / she / it Are you / we / you / they called?
The passive: Past simple
Forma affermativa
I / He / She / It was called. We / You / They were called.
Forma interrogativa
Was I / he / she / it called? Were we / you / they called?
Risposte brevi
Yes, I am. Yes, he / she / it is. Yes, we / you / they are.
No, I’m not. No, he / she / it isn’t. No, we / you / they aren’t.
Forma negativa Estesa
I / He / She / It was not called. We / You / They were not called. I / He / She / It wasn’t called. We / You / They weren’t called.
Risposte brevi A ermative
Yes, I / he / she / it was. Yes, we / you / they were.
Negative
No, I / he / she / it wasn’t. No, we / you / they weren’t.
Contratta
Base form Past simple
Past participle
IRREGULAR VERBS
In italiano
be /biː/ was /wɒz/ were /wə/ been /biːn/ essere become /bɪˈkʌm/ became /bɪˈkeɪm/ become /bɪˈkʌm/ diventare begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ began /bɪˈɡan/ begun /bɪˈɡʌn/ iniziare break /breɪk/ broke /brəʊk/ broken /ˈbrəʊk(ə)n/ rompere bring /brɪŋ/ brought /brɔːt/ brought /brɔːt/ portare build /bɪld/ built /bɪlt/ built /bɪlt/ costruire buy /bʌɪ/ bought /bɔːt/ bought /bɔːt/ comprare catch /katʃ/ caught /kɔːt/ caught /kɔːt/ prendere, afferrare choose /tʃuːz/ chose /ˈtʃəʊz/ chosen /ˈtʃəʊzn/ scegliere come /kʌm/ came /keɪm/ come /kʌm/ venire cost /kɒst/ cost /kɒst/ cost /kɒst/ costare cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/ tagliare do /duː/ did /dɪd/ done /dʌn/ fare draw /drɔː/ drew /druː/ drawn /drɔːn/ disegnare dream /driːm/ dreamed /driːmd/ dreamt /dremt/ dreamed /driːmd/ dreamt /dremt/ sognare drink /drɪŋk/ drank /draŋk/ drunk /drʌŋk/ bere drive /drʌɪv/ drove /drəʊv/ driven /ˈdrɪvn/ guidare eat /iːt/ ate /eɪt/ eaten /ˈiːt(ə)n/ mangiare fall /fɔːl/ fell /fɛl/ fallen /ˈfɔːlən/ cadere feel /fiːl/ felt /fɛlt/ felt /fɛlt/ sentire, provare fight /fʌɪt/ fought /fɔːt/ fought /fɔːt/ combattere, litigare find /fʌɪnd/ found /faʊnd/ found /faʊnd/ trovare fly /flʌɪ/ flew /fluː/ flown /fləʊn/ volare forget /fəˈɡɛt/ forgot /fəˈɡɒt/ forgotten /fəˈɡɒtn/ dimenticare forgive /fəˈɡɪv/ forgave /fəˈɡeɪv/ forgiven /fə(r)ˈɡɪv(ə)n/ perdonare get /ɡɛt/ got /ɡɒt/ got /ɡɒt/ gotten /ˈɡɒt(ə)n/ ricevere, ottenere give /ɡɪv/ gave /ɡeɪv/ given /ˈɡɪv(ə)n/ dare go /ɡəʊ/ went /wɛnt/ gone /ɡɒn/ andare grow /ɡrəʊ/ grew /ɡruː/ grown /ɡrəʊn/ crescere have /hav/ had /həd/ had /həd/ avere hear /hɪə/ heard /hɜː(r)d/ heard /hɜː(r)d/ sentire, udire hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/ colpire keep /kiːp/ kept /kɛpt/ kept /kɛpt/ tenere, mantenere know /nəʊ/ knew /njuː/ known /nəʊn/ sapere, conoscere learn /ləːn/ learned /ˈləːnɪd/ learnt /lɜː(r)nt/ learned /ˈləːnɪd/ learnt /lɜː(r)nt/ imparare
IRREGULAR VERBS
Base form Past simple Past participle
In italiano
leave /liːv/ left /lɛft/ left /lɛft/ lasciare, partire lend /lɛnd/ lent /lɛnt/ lent /lɛnt/ prestare let /lɛt/ let /lɛt/ let /lɛt/ permettere, lasciare lose /luːz/ lost /lɒst/ lost /lɒst/ perdere make /meɪk/ made /meɪd/ made /meɪd/ fare, fabbricare mean /miːn/ meant /mɛnt/ meant /mɛnt/ significare, intendere meet /miːt/ met /mɛt/ met /mɛt/ incontrare, conoscere pay /peɪ/ paid /peɪd/ paid /peɪd/ pagare put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/ mettere read /riːd/ read /red/ read /red/ leggere ride /raɪd/ rode /rəʊd/ ridden /ˈrɪdn/ cavalcare ring /rɪŋ/ rang /raŋ/ rung /rʌŋ/ suonare, squillare run /rʌn/ ran /ræn/ run /rʌn/ correre say /seɪ/ said /sɛd/ said /sɛd/ dire see /siː/ saw /sɔː/ seen /siːn/ vedere sell /sɛl/ sold /səʊld/ sold /səʊld/ vendere send /sɛnd/ sent /sɛnt/ sent /sɛnt/ spedire, mandare show /ʃəʊ/ showed /ʃəʊd/ showed /ʃəʊd/ shown /ʃəʊn/ mostrare
shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/ chiudere sing /sɪŋ/ sang /sæŋ/ sung /sʌŋ/ cantare sit /sɪt/ sat /sat/ sat /sat/ sedere sleep /sliːp/ slept /slɛpt/ slept /slɛpt/ dormire speak /spiːk/ spoke /spəʊk/ spoken /ˈspəʊk(ə)n/ parlare spend /spɛnd/ spent /spɛnt/ spent /spɛnt/ spendere, passare, trascorrere stand /stand/ stood /stʊd/ stood /stʊd/ stare (in piedi) swim /swɪm/ swam /swam/ swum /swʌm/ nuotare take /teɪk/ took /tʊk/ taken /ˈteɪkən/ prendere teach /tiːtʃ/ taught /tɔːt/ taught /tɔːt/ insegnare tell /tɛl/ told /təʊld/ told /təʊld/ dire, raccontare think /θɪŋk/ thought /θɔːt/ thought /θɔːt/ pensare throw /θrəʊ/ threw /θrəʊn/ thrown /θrəʊn/ gettare, buttare understand /ʌndəˈstand/ understood /ʌndəˈstʊd/ understood /ʌndəˈstʊd/ capire wake /weɪk/ woke /wəʊk/ woken /ˈwəʊkən/ svegliarsi wear /wɛː/ wore /wɔː/ worn /wɔːn/ indossare win /wɪn/ won /wʌn/ won /wʌn/ vincere
write /rʌɪt/ wrote /rəʊt/ written /ˈrɪtn/ scrivere
Aacademic /ˌæk·əˈdem·ɪk/ studioso accountant /əˈkaʊn·t(ə)nt/ ragioniere achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ risultato acid rain /ˌæsɪd ˈreɪn/ pioggia acida actor /ˈæktə(r)/ attore/attrice admire (v) /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ ammirare adventure holiday /ədˈven·tʃə(r) ˈhɒl·ə·deɪ/ viaggio avventura advice /ədˈvaɪs/ consiglio aeroplane /ˈeərəpleɪn/ aeroplano affect /əˈfekt/ influenzare; colpire affordable /əˈfɔː·də·bl/ accessibile afraid /əˈfreɪd/ spaventato/a aim (v) /eɪm/ avere lo scopo, puntare air pollution /ˈeə pəˌluːʃ(ə)n/ inquinamento dell’aria airbed /ˈeəbed/ materassino aircraft /ˈeəkrɑːft/ velivolo airport /ˈeəpɔːt/ aeroporto allow (v) /əˈlaʊ/ permettere although /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ sebbene amaze (v) /əˈmeɪz/ stupire amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ stupefacente annoyed (adj) /əˈnɔɪd/ infastidito/a anti-aircraft gunner /ӕntiˈeəkraːft ˈɡʌn.ə(r)/ mitragliere antiaereo antisemitism /ˌæn.tiˈsem.ɪt.ɪ.z(ə) m/ antisemitismo anyway /ˈeniweɪ/ a ogni modo apologise (v) /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ chiedere scusa appearance /əˈpɪər(ə)ns/ aspetto esteriore apprenticeship /əˈprentɪsʃɪp/ apprendistato argue (v) /ˈɑːɡjuː/ litigare astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/ astronauta at /æt/ chiocciola at least /æt liːst/ almeno attend a course /əˈtɛnd ə kɔːs/ frequentare un corso available /əˈveɪləb(ə)l/ diponibile avalanche /ˈæv(ə)lɑːntʃ/ valanga average /ˈæv.(ə)r.ɪdʒ/ media avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ evitare award (v) /əˈwɔːd/ premiare aware /əˈweə(r)/ consapevole awareness /əˈweənəs/ attenzione, consapevolezza awesome (adj) /ˈɔːsəm/ eccezionale, fantastico/a awful /ˈɔːf(ə)l/ terribile, orribile awkward /ˈɔːk·wəd/ imbarazzante
BB&B /ˌbiː en ˈbiː/ pernottamento e colazione (bed and breakfast) backpacking /ˈbækˌpæk·ɪŋ/ zaino in spalla balanced diet /ˌbæl.(ə)nst ˈdaɪ.ət/ dieta bilanciata
bathe /ˈbeɪð/ fare il bagno be shot /wɒz ʃɒt/ essere colpiti da un proiettile be supposed to / biː səˈpəʊzd tuː/ essere tenuto a beach holiday /biːʧ ˈhɒlədeɪ/ vacanza al mare behave (v) /bɪˈheɪv/ comportarsi behaviuor /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ comportamento belief /bɪˈliːf/ credenza, convinzione belong (v) /bɪˈlɒŋ/ appartenere benefit /ˈben.ɪ.fɪt/ beneficio bike sharing /baɪk ˈʃeərɪŋ/ bike sharing bitter /ˈbɪt.ə(r)/ amaro bitterness /ˈbɪt·ə·nəs/ amarezza blame (v) /bleɪm/ incolpare blame /bleɪm/ colpa blizzard /ˈblɪzəd/ bufera di neve, tormenta body heat /ˈbɒdi hiːt/ calore corporeo bone /bəʊn/ osso boring (adj) /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ noioso/a borrow (v) /ˈbɒrəʊ/ prendere in prestito bravery /ˈbreɪv(ə)ri/ coraggio break down (phrasal verb) /breɪk daʊn/ scomporre break out /breɪk aʊt/ scoppiare bright /braɪt/ brillare bucket /ˈbʌkɪt/ secchio builder /ˈbɪl·də(r)/ costruttore bus tour /bʌs tʊə/ tour in autobus bush /bʊʃ/ cespuglio
Ccabin /ˈkæb·ɪn/ baita cable /ˈkeɪ·bl/ cavo calm /kɑːm/ calmo/a camping holiday /ˈkæmpɪŋ ˈhɒlədeɪ/ vacanza in campeggio campsite /ˈkæmpsaɪt/ campeggio cape /keɪp/ mantello caravan /ˈkær·ə·væn/ roulotte carbon footprint /ˌkɑːb(ə)n ˈfʊtprɪnt/ impronta ecologica careful (adj) /ˈkeəf(ə)l/ attento/a carry out (phrasal verb) /ˈkæri aʊt/ svolgere challenge /ˈtʃæl·ɪndʒ/ sfida charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ caricare charger /ˈtʃɑː·dʒə(r)/ caricatore charity organisation /ˈʧærəti ˌɔːɡ(ᵊ)naɪˈzeɪʃ(ᵊ)n/ organizzazione di volontariato
check in at /ʧɛk ɪn æt/ fare il check in in
check out of /ʧɛk aʊt ɒv/ fare il check out da chemist /ˈkem·ɪst/ farmacista chill out (phrasal verb) /tʃɪl aʊt / rilassarsi choose (v) /tʃuːz/ scegliere cinnamon /ˈsɪnəmən/ cannella
city break /ˈsɪti breɪk/ soggiorno breve in città climate change /ˈklaɪmət ˌtʃeɪndʒ/ cambiamento climatico clump /klamp/ nodo, grumo coach /kəʊtʃ/ pullman code-breaking /kəʊd-ˈbreɪkɪŋ/ decifrazione del codice come through /kʌm θruː/ attraversare; sopravvivere comfy /ˈkʌm.fi/ comodo comment /ˈkɒm.ent/ commento committed /kəˈmɪt.ɪd/ impegnato/a community /kəˈmju ː.nə.ti/ comunità computer case /kəmˈpjuː.tə(r) keɪs/ torre del computer concern /kənˈsɜːn/ riguardare confident /ˈkɒn.fɪ.d(ə)nt/ sicuro/a confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ confuso/a conservation area /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃ(ə) nˈeəriə/ area protetta content (n) /kənˈtent/ contenuto cook /kʊk/ cucinare cool down (phrasal verb) /kul daʊn/ raffreddare cosy /ˈkəʊ.zi/ confortevole course /kɔːs/ campo (di gara) crack (v) /kræk/ decifrare criticise (v) /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ criticare crop /krɒp/ raccolto cross (v) /krɒs/ attraversare cruise /kruːz/ crociera cruise ship /ˈkruːz ˌʃɪp/ nave da crociera curfew /ˈkɜːfjuː/ coprifuoco customer service /ˌkʌs.tə.mə ˈsɜː. vɪs/ servizio clienti
Ddairy products /ˈdeəri ˈprɒdʌkts/ prodotti lattiero-caseario damage (v) /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ rovinare damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ danno dancer /ˈdɑːn.sə(r)/ ballerino/a dark matter /ˈdɑːk ˌmætə(r)/ materia oscura
deadline /ˈded.laɪn/ termine di scadenza
decompose (v) /ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊz/ decomporre deed /diːd/ azione
deforestation /diˌforiˈsteiʃən/ deforestazione delivery /dɪˈlɪv(ə)ri/ consegna dentist /ˈden·tɪst/ dentista deposit /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ cauzione detention /dɪˈtenʃ(ə)n/ punizione develop (v) /dɪˈveləp/ sviluppare development /dɪˈvel·əp·mənt/ sviluppo digital divide /ˌdɪdʒɪt(ə)l dɪˈvaɪd/ divario digitale
disability /ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ disabilità disease /dɪˈziːz/ malattia display /dɪˈspleɪ/ manifestazione
diss (v) /dɪs/ criticare do my sentence /duː maɪ ˈsɛntəns/ scontare la mia condanna doctor /ˈdɒktə(r)/ dottore/ dottoressa
donate (v) /dəʊˈneɪt/ donare dot /dɒt/ punto download /ˈdaʊn·ləʊd/ scaricare drought /draʊt/ siccità due /djuː/ conto duty /ˈdʒuːti/ dovere DVD drive /diː-viː-diː draɪv/ lettore
DVD
Eearn (v) /ɜːn/ guadagnare earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ terremoto eat /iːt/ mangiare eco-friendly /ˈiːkəʊ-ˈfrɛndli/ ecologico electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃ·(ə)n/ elettricista
embarrassed /ɪmˈbær·əst/ imbarazzato/a energetic /ˌen·əˈdʒet·ɪk/ energico/a engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ ingegnere ensure /ɪnˈʃɔː(r)/ assicurarsi entangle /inˈtӕŋɡl/ impigliare environment /ɪnˈvaɪə·r(ə)n·mənt/ ambiente environmentally friendly / ɪnˌvaɪr(ᵊ)nˈmɛnt(ᵊ)li ˈfrɛndli/ ecocompatibile
epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ epidemia e-reader /ˈiː.riː.də(r)/ lettore e-book establish (v) /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ stabilire estimate (v) /ˈestɪmeɪt/ stimare ethnic food /ˈɛθnɪk fuːd/ cibo etnico
ethnic group /ˈeθnɪk ɡruːp / gruppo etnico ethnicity /ˈeθnɪk/ etnia even though (idiom) /ˈiːvən ðəʊ/ sebbene evidence /ˈev.ɪ.d(ə)ns/ prova exchange programme /ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈprəʊɡræm/ programma di scambio exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔː.stɪd/ esausto/a exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ mostra, esposizione
extreme sport /ɪkˌstriːm ˈspɔːt/ sport estremo eyesight /ˈaɪ.saɪt/ vista
Fface (v) /feɪs/ affrontare, fronteggiare factory /ˈfækt(ə)ri/ fabbrica factory worker /ˈfækt(ᵊ)ri ˈwɜːkə/ operaio/a failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ fallimento fair (adj) /feə(r)/ giusto, equo fake /feɪk/ falso fall out (phrasal verb) /fɔːl aʊt/ litigare
farm /fɑːm/ fattoria, azienda agricola
farmer /ˈfɑː·mə(r)/ fattore, agricoltore
fat /fæt/ grasso
fed up /ˌfed ˈʌp/ stufo/a; scocciato/a fighter pilot /ˈfaɪtə ˌpaɪlət/ pilota di caccia
film director /ˈfɪlm daɪˌrek.tə(r)/ regista
find (v) /faɪnd/ trovare firefighter /ˈfaɪəˌfaɪtə(r)/ vigile del fuoco
fireworks /ˈfɑɪərˌwɜrks/ fuochi d’artificio
fish /fɪʃ/ pesce, pesci fit (adj) /fɪt/ in forma fit (v) /fɪt/ entrare; fissare flight attendant /ˈflaɪt əˌten.d(ə) nt/ assistente di volo floating /ˈfləʊ.tɪŋ/ galleggiante flood /fl ʌd/ alluvione, inondazione follower /ˈfɒl.əʊ.ə(r)/ seguace food chain /ˈfuːd ˌtʃeɪn/ catena alimentare food group /ˈfuːd ˌɡruːp/ gruppo alimentare
footballer /ˈfʊt.bɔː.lə(r)/ calciatore forest fire /ˈfɒrɪst ˌfaɪə(r)/ incendio boschivo
found /faʊnd/ fondare founder /ˈfaʊndə(r)/ fondatore/ fondatrice
friend-request /frɛnd-rɪˈkwɛst/ richiesta di amicizia
frightening (adj) /ˈfraɪt(ə)nɪŋ/ spaventoso fruit /fruːt/ frutta
Ggame console /ˈɡeɪm ˌkɒn.səʊl/ console di gioco garbage /ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/ immondizia gather /ˈɡæð·ə(r)/ radunare; raccogliere gathering (n) /ˈɡæð.(ə)r.ɪŋ/ raduno get a (language) certificate /ɡɛt eɪ (ˈlæŋɡwɪʤ) səˈtɪfɪkət/ prendere una certificazione (linguistica) get cross /ɡet krɒs/ arrabbiarsi get enough rest /ɡɛt ɪˈnʌf rɛst/ riposare abbastanza get lost /ɡɛt lɒst/ perdersi give up (phrasal verb) /ɡɪv ʌp/ arrendersi
glad /ɡlæd/ felice glass /ɡlɑːs/ vetro global warming /ˌɡləʊb(ə)l ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ riscaldamento globale go sailing /ɡəʊ ˈseɪlɪŋ/ andare in barca go sightseeing /ɡəʊ ˈsaɪtˌsiːɪŋ/ visitare una città go snorkelling /ɡəʊ ˈsnɔːk(ᵊ)lɪŋ/ fare snorkeling goal /ɡəʊl/ obiettivo
gold /ɡəʊld/ oro grain /ɡreɪn/ cereale
grid system /ɡrɪd ˈsɪstəm/ reticolato guesthouse /ˈɡest.haʊs/ pensione guided tour /ˈɡaɪdɪd tʊə/ tour guidato
Hhairdresser /ˈheəˌdresə(r)/ parrucchiere/a
hard drive /ˈhɑːd ˌdraɪv/ disco rigido harvest /ˈhɑː.vɪst/ raccolto hashtag /ˈhæʃ.tæɡ/ hashtag hatred /ˈheɪtrɪd/ odio have a hobby /hæv ə ˈhɒbi/ avere un hobby
have the right to /hæv ðə raɪt tuː/ avere il diritto di headphones /ˈhed.fəʊnz/ auricolari health spa /ˈhelθ ˌspɑː/ spa healthcare /ˈhelθkeə(r)/ sanità
healthy routine /ˈh ɛlθi ruːˈtiːn/ routine sana heatwave /ˈhiːtˌweɪv/ ondata di caldo
heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ eredità, patrimonio
hold (v) /həʊld/ tenere, detenere holiday village /ˈhɒlədeɪ ˈvɪlɪʤ/ villaggio vacanze homestay /ˈhəʊmsteɪ/ alloggio in famiglia
honest /ˈɒnɪst/ onesto/a hospital /ˈhɒspɪt(ə)l/ ospedale
hunting /ˈhʌn.tɪŋ/ caccia hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ uragano
Iice shelf /aɪs ʃelf/ calotta di ghiaccio if /ɪf/ se immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n/ immigrazione
immune system /ɪˈmjuːn ˌsɪs.təm/ sistema immunitario import (v) /ɪmˈpɔːt/ importare improve (v) /ɪmˈpruːv/ migliorare income /ˈɪŋ.kʌm/ reddito increase (v) /ɪnˈkriːs/ aumentare
industrial gases /ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˈɡæsɪz/ gas industriali
injury /ˈɪndʒ(ə)ri/ lesione integration /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ integrazione is willing to commit /ɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tuː kəˈmɪt/ è disposto/a a impegnarsi IT technician /ˌaɪˈtiː tekˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ tecnico informatico
J
jealous /ˈdʒel.əs/ geloso/a jellyfish /ˈdʒelifɪʃ/ medusa join /ʤɔɪn/ unirsi a journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ giornalista junk food /ˈdʒʌŋk ˌfuːd/ cibo spazzatura
Kkeep fit /kiːp fɪt/ tenersi in forma/ allenati/e keep the country going /kiːp ðə ˈkʌntri ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ mandare avanti il paese keyboard /ˈkiː.bɔːd/ tastiera knock (v) /nɒk/ bussare; urtare contro
Lland pollution /lænd pəˈluːʃ(ᵊ)n/ inquinamento del suolo landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ discarica landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ paesaggio landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ frana laptop /ˈlæp.tɒp/ PC portatile last (v) /lɑːst/ durare lawyer /ˈlɔɪə(r)/ avvocato/a lead /liːd/ condurre leather /ˈleðə(r)/ pelle led to /lɛd tuː/ portare a legume /ˈleɡ.juːm/ legume like /laɪk/ piacere; mi piace (sui social) lit (adj) /lɪt/ illuminato litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ spazzatura liveable /ˈlɪvəb(ə)l/ vivibile log in /lɒɡ ɪn/ accedere log out /lɒɡ aʊt/ uscire dall’account lonely /ˈləʊn.li/ solitario/a; solo/a lorry /ˈlɒri/ camion lose (v) /luːz/ perdere lush /lʌʃ/ lussureggiante
Mmaintenance /ˈmeɪnt(ə)nəns/ manutenzione make up (phrasal verb) /meɪk ʌp/ fare la pace manage /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ/ organizzare marginalised /ˈmɑː.dʒɪ.n(ə)l.aɪz/ emarginato/a mat /mæt/ stuoia mean (v) /miːn/ significare meat /miːt/ carne mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ meccanico melt (v) /melt/ fondere, sciogliersi melting glaciers /ˈmɛltɪŋ ˈɡlæsiəz/ scioglimento dei ghiacciai memory stick /ˈmem.(ə)r.i ˌstɪk/ chiavetta USB metal /ˈmet(ə)l/ metallo microphone /ˈmaɪ.krə.fəʊn/ microfono
miss (v) /mɪs/ perdere, mancare mistake (n) /mɪˈsteɪk/ errore mistake (v) /mɪˈsteɪk/ sbagliare misuse /ˌmɪsˈjuːz/ uso improprio modem /ˈməʊ·dem/ modem mood /muːd/ stato d’animo moped /ˈməʊped/ motorino motor home /ˈməʊtə ˌhəʊm/ camper mouse /maʊs/ mouse mouse mat /ˈmaʊs ˌmæt/ tappetino per il mouse
moving (adj) /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ commovente mug /mʌɡ/ tazza multiculturalism /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃ(ə) r(ə)lɪz(ə)m/ multiculturalismo muscle /ˈmʌs.(ə)l/ muscolo museum /mjuːˈziːəm/ museo
Nnatural disaster /ˌnætʃ.(ə)r.(ə)l dɪˈzɑː.stə(r)/ disastro naturale nicknamed after /ˈnɪkneɪmd ˈɑːftə/ soprannominato come nightmare /ˈnaɪtmeə(r)/ incubo non-renewable source /ˌnɒn. rɪˈnjuː.ə.b(ə)l sɔːs/ fonti non rinnovabili non-stick (adj) /ˌnɒnˈstɪk/ antiaderente notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/ annuncio notification /ˌnəʊ.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ notifica
nurse /nɜːs/ infermiere/a nut /nʌt/ noce
Ooccur (v) /əˈkɜː(r)/ si verifica office worker /ˈɒfɪs/ /ˈwɜːkə(r)/ impiegato/a oil /ɔɪl/ petrolio on average (idiom) /ɒn ˈæv(ə) rɪdʒ/ in media optimistic /ˌɒp·tɪˈmɪs·tɪk/ ottimista overfishing /ˌəʊ.vəˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/ pesca eccessiva overpopulation /ˌəʊ.vəˈpɒp.jə.leɪ. tɪd/ sovrappopolazione own (v) /əʊn/ possedere
Ppack (n) /pæk/ pacco pack (v) /pæk/ impacchettare package holiday / ˌpæk.ɪdʒ ˈhɒl.ə.deɪ/ pacchetto turistico painter /ˈpeɪn.tə(r)/ imbianchino/a panel /ˈpæn(ə)l/ pannello paper /ˈpeɪpə(r)/ carta paper towels /ˌpeɪ.pə ˈtaʊəlz/ asciugamani di carta passport /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ passaporto patch /pætʃ/ toppa pattern /ˈpæt(ə)n/ motivo, disegno percentage /pəˈsentɪdʒ/ percentuale personal trainer /ˌpɜːs(ə)n(ə)l ˈtreɪnə(r)/ allenatore personale pick up /ˈpɪk.ʌp/ prendere plan (v) /plæn/ pianificare plan(n) /plæn/ piano plant trees /plɑːnt triːz/ piantare alberi
plantation /plænˈteɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ piantagione
plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ plastica plastic-polluted /ˈplæstɪkpəˈluːtɪd/ inquinato dalla plastica
platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ binario pleased (adj) /pliːzd/ soddisfatto/a, contento/a plug in /ˈplʌɡ.ɪn/ collegare alla corrente
plumber /ˈplʌmə(r)/ idraulico pole /pəʊl/ palo police officer /pəˈliːs ˌɒfɪsə(r)/ agente di polizia portable (adj) /ˈpɔː.tə.b(ə)l/ portatile positive attitude /ˈpɒzətɪv ˈætɪtjuːd/ atteggiamento positivo post (n) /pəʊst/ post, pubblicazione post (v) /pəʊst/ pubblicare postmaster /ˈpəʊstˌmɑː.stə(r)/ direttore delle poste pound /paʊnd/ libbra; sterlina power /paʊə(r)/ potere power plant /ˈpaʊə ˌplɑːnt/ centrale elettrica practise meditation /ˈpræktɪs ˌmɛdɪˈteɪʃ(ᵊ)n/ fare meditazione preach /priːtʃ/ predicare; fare la predica pressure cooker /ˈpreʃ.ə ˌkʊk.ə(r)/ pentola a pressione print /prɪnt/ stampare printer /ˈprɪn.tə(r)/ stampante privilege /ˈprɪv(ə)lɪdʒ/ privilegio privileged (adj) /ˈprɪv(ə)lɪdʒd/ privilegiato/a prize /praɪz/ premio protect endangered animals/ species /prəˈtɛkt ɪnˈdeɪnʤəd ˈænɪm(ᵊ)lz/ˈspiːʃiːz/ proteggere animali/specie in via di estinzione proud (adj) /praʊd/ orgoglioso/a public transport /ˌpʌb.lɪk ˈtræn. spɔːt/ trasporto pubblico
Qqueue (n) /kjuː/ fila queue (v) /kjuː/ fare la fila
Rracism /ˈreɪsɪz(ə)m/ razzismo rainfall /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ precipitazione rainforest /ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/ foresta pluviale
raise (v) /reɪz/ sollevare, aumentare raise awareness /reɪz əˈweənəs/ sensibilizzare rather than /ˈrɑːðə ðæn/ piuttosto che
raw material /ˌrɔː məˈtɪəriəl/ materia prima reach (v) /riːtʃ/ raggiungere recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪ.k(ə)l/ riciclare reduce plastic /rɪˈdjuːs ˈplæstɪk/ ridurre la plastica
refugee /ˌrefjuˈdʒiː/ rifugiato/a relaxed /rɪˈlækst/ rilassato/a rely on (v/phrasal verb) /rɪˈlɑɪ ˌɔn/ fare affidamento su remote control /rɪˌməʊt kənˈtrəʊl/ telecomando
renewable energy /rɪˈnjuːəb(ᵊ)l ˈɛnəʤi/ energia rinnovabile rent (v) /rent/ affittare resort /rɪˈzɔːt/ resort resource /rɪˈzɔːs/ risorsa responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəb(ə)l/ responsabile
reusable /ˌriːˈjuːzəb(ə)l/ riutilizzabile reuse /ˌriːˈjuːz/ riutilizzare road trip /ˈrəʊd ˌtrɪp/ viaggio su strada robbery /ˈrɒb(ə)ri/ rapina root /ruːt/ radice round the clock /ˌraʊndðəˈklɒk/ tutto il giorno rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ spazzatura rule /ruːl/ regola run a marathon /rʌn ə ˈmærəθ(ᵊ)n/ correre una maratona
Ssaffron /ˈsæf.rən/ zafferano sail (v) /seɪl/ navigare save water /seɪv ˈwɔːtə/ risparmiare acqua scanner /ˈskæn.ə(r)/ scanner scary (adj) /ˈskeəri/ spaventoso/a scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ scienziato/a screen /skriːn/ schermo screen time /ˈskriːn ˌtaɪm/ tempo davanti allo schermo scroll /skrəʊl/ scorrere seafood /ˈsiː.fuːd/ pesce; frutti di mare
search (v) /sɜːtʃ/ cercare see a show /siː ə ʃəʊ/ guardare uno spettacolo
settle /ˈset.(ə)l/ stabilire settlement /ˈset.(ə)l.mənt/ insediamento settler /ˈsetlə(r)/ colonizzatore several /ˈsev(ə)r(ə)l/ parecchi
sewage /ˈsuː.ɪdʒ/ fognature
share (v) /ʃeə(r)/ condividere shift /ʃɪft/ turno shipwreck /ˈʃɪprek/ naufragio shoot /ʃuːt/ sparare shop assistant /ˈʃɒp əˌsɪs.t(ə)nt/ comesso/a
shortage /ˈʃɔː.tɪdʒ/ carenza shot (v) /ʃɒt/ girare (un film) sightseeing /ˈsaɪtˌsiːɪŋ/ visita turistica
skiing holiday /ˈskiːɪŋ ˈhɒlədeɪ/ settimana bianca
skill /skɪl/ abilità skilled (adj) /skɪld/ abile skip a meal /skɪp ə miːl/ saltare un pasto
skip school /skɪp skuːl/ saltare la scuola
slavery /ˈsleɪv(ə)ri/ schiavitù sleeping bag /ˈsliːpɪŋ ˌbæɡ/ sacco a pelo sleeping sickness /ˈsliː.pɪŋ ˌsɪk. nəs/ malattia del sonno sleepover /ˈsliːpəʊvə(r)/ pigiama
party slide /slaɪd/ scorrere, scivolare social media /ˌsəʊ.ʃ(ə)l ˈmiː.di.ə/ social media software code /ˈsɒftweə kəʊd/ codice software software developer /ˈsɒftweə(r) dɪˈveləpə(r)/ sviluppatore di software sorry /ˈsɒr.i/ scusa; spiacente source /sɔːs/ fonte space /speɪs/ spazio speaker /ˈspiː.kə(r)/ cassa acustica speech /spiːtʃ/ discorso spend time with /spɛnd taɪm wɪð/ passare il tempo con spice /spaɪs/ spezia spread /spred/ diffusione stall /stɔːl/ bancarella steal (v) /stiːl/ rubare stick up for (phrasal verb) /stɪk ʌp fɔː(r)/ difendere store /stɔːr/ negozio straw /strɔː/ cannuccia stressed /strest/ stressato/a strip /strɪp/ divisa, maglia stuck (adj) /stʌk/ incastrato/a stunning /ˈstʌnɪŋ/ sbalorditivo/a stylish (adj) /ˈstaɪ.lɪʃ/ elegante suitcase /ˈsuːtkeɪs/ valigia sunbathing /ˈsʌnˌbeɪðɪŋ/ prendere il sole sunburn /ˈsʌnbɜːn/ scottatura solare sunk /sʌŋk/ affondato/a supply (n) /səˈplaɪ/ fornitura, provvista, scorta supply (v) /səˈplaɪ/ fornire sweet /swiːt/ dolce sweetness /ˈswiːtnəs/ dolcezza swipe /swaɪp/ trascinare switch off /swɪtʃ ɒf/ spegnere switch on /swɪtʃ ɒn/ accendere
Ttablet /ˈtæb.lət/ tablet take action /teɪk ˈækʃ(ə)n/ agire take part in /teɪk pɑːt ɪn/ prendere parte a talk it out /tɔːk ɪt aʊt/ parlarne tart /tɑːt/ torta task /tɑːsk/ compito tasty /ˈteɪsti/ gustoso/a technology /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/ tecnologia theatre /ˈθɪətə(r)/ teatro throw (v) /θrəʊ/ lanciare tiny (adj) /ˈtaɪni/ minuscolo, piccolo tip /tɪp/ suggerimento, consiglio tool /tuːl/ strumento, attrezzo tower /taʊə(r)/ torre; torre del computer toxic waste /ˈtɒk.sɪk weɪst/ rifiuti tossici traffic fumes /ˈtræfɪk fjuːmz/ gas di scarico train (v) /treɪn/ allenarsi
train /treɪn/ treno trial /traɪəl/ prova, provino trip over (phrasal verb) /trɪp ˈəʊvə(r)/ inciampare triumph (n) /ˈtraɪ.əmf/ trionfo triumph (v) /ˈtraɪ.əmf/ trionfare tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ onda di maremoto turmeric /ˈtɜːm(ə)rɪk/ curcuma type /taɪp/ digitare
Uuncovered (adj) /ʌnˈkʌv.əd/ scoperto understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ comprensione unplug /ʌnˈplʌɡ/ scollegare dalla corrente update (n) /ʌpˈdeɪt/ aggiornamento update (v) /ʌpˈdeɪt/ aggiornare upload /ʌpˈləʊd/ caricare upset /ʌpˈset/ turbato urban development /ˌɜː.b(ə)n dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/ sviluppo urbano USB /ˌjuː.esˈbiː/ USB
Vvegetable /ˈvedʒ. tə.b(ə)l/ verdura; ortaggio vet /vet/ veterinario/a visit a famous city /ˈvɪzɪt ə ˈfeɪməs ˈsɪti/ visitare una città famosa visit a museum /ˈvɪzɪt ə mjuːˈziːəm/ visitare un museo volcanic eruption /vɒlˈkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/ eruzione vulcanica
Wwaiter /ˈweɪtə(r)/ cameriere/a war effort /wɔːr ˈɛfət/ sforzo bellico warehouse /ˈweəhaʊs/ magazzino, deposito water pollution /ˈwɔːtə pəˈluːʃ(ᵊ)n/ inquinamento dell’acqua webcam /ˈweb·kæm/ webcam well-being /ˌwɛlˈbiːɪŋ/ benessere wheelchair /ˈwiːltʃeə(r)/ sedia a rotelle
whisk (n) /wɪsk/ frusta whisk (v) /wɪsk/ sbattere, montare wildfire /ˈwaɪld·faɪə(r)/ incendio wisely / ˈwaɪzli/ saggiamente wonder (v) /ˈwʌndə(r)/ chiedersi worker /ˈwɜːkə(r)/ lavoratore/ lavoratrice workplace /ˈwɜːkpleɪs/ luogo di lavoro worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ in tutto il mondo wrap (v) /ræp/ avvolgere
Yyouth hostel /ˈjuːθ ˌhɒs·t(ə)l/ ostello della gioventù
BE YOURSELF 3
Student’s Book & Workbook
Responsabile editoriale: Simona Franzoni
Responsabile di progetto: Linda Pergolini
Redazione: Linda Pergolini, studio grafico Be Orange
Revisione linguistica: Lisa Suett
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Impaginazione: studio grafico Be Orange
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Thanks and Acknowledgements
The Publisher and Authors would like to extend their special thanks to the following teachers who contributed to the development of this course: Manuela Berardinelli, Francesca Biz, Daniela Carbone, Valentina Chen, Alessia Dicristofaro, Tiziana Di Pierri, Maria Beatrice Giansana, Elisa Giuffrida, Linda Guida Antonietta, Annalisa Lauri, Vanna Manenti, Barbara Milizia, Ambra Modenini, Patrizia Raviola, Fatima Russo, Serena Sacco.
Francesca Basile, Jacopo D’Andria Ursoleo and Claire Moore are the authors of the section INVALSI Trainer.
Valentina Chen is the author of the section Towards A2 for Schools.
Photo Acknowledgements
Alamy
Eli Archives
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Video Acknowledgements
Creative Listening, London
Additional keys, audioscripts and videoscripts
In questa sezione l’insegnante trova le soluzioni non presenti nelle pagine del volume, le trascrizioni audio e video.
Unit 1 Plan your future
p. 21, ex. 8
Answer key
1 ‘Are our parents going to buy a new car?’ ‘Yes, they are.’
2 ‘Is she going to work in a hospital?’ ‘No, she isn’t.’
3 ‘Are we going to learn a new language?’ ‘No, we aren’t.’
4 ‘Are Mum and dad going to travel abroad next month?’ ‘Yes, they are.’
5 ‘Are we going to change school next year?’ ‘Yes, we are.’
6 ‘Is it going to be fun?’ ‘Yes, it is.’
7 ‘Is your brother going to become an office worker?’ ‘No, he isn’t.’
8 ‘Is our class going to win the Maths Olympics?’ ‘Yes, we are.’
p. 23, ex. 1
Audioscript
I’m going to talk about Sadio Mané. He’s a footballer from Senegal. I chose to talk about him because he’s a great player, but also because he’s an amazing person. Sadio Mané was born in a remote village, called Banbali, spelled B – A – N – B – A – L – I, in Senegal, on 10th April 1992. His childhood was difficult. When he was seven, his father died because there wasn’t a hospital in his village. Sadio’s dream was to be a footballer, but his family didn’t like the idea. So, when he turned 15, he travelled to Dakar without telling his family and there he took part in some football trials. People saw how good he was, and that’s when his career took off. From 2011 to 2023, he played for European teams such as Liverpool and Bayern Munich, and now plays for Al Nassr in Saudi Arabia. He also plays in the Senegal national team. He’s 1.75 m tall and has got short black hair. This is a picture of him playing for the Senegalese team.
As I said, he’s an amazing person. He donated over $1 million to build a school and a hospital in his home town. He believes education and health for the people of Senegal are very important. He’s an excellent role model because although he earns a lot of money, he remains simple and modest and he wants to help other people who are not as lucky. Thank you for listening. Have you got any questions?
p. 28, ex. 4
Audioscript
1 Have you got any experience of writing?
2 What are you interested in?
3 How many hours a day is the job?
p. 32, ex. 12
Audioscript
What are my plans for the next year? They are to go to France for a year. I’m going to live there and study at a local school. I’m going to miss my family but it’s going to be a very good experience for me.
p. 32, ex. 13
Answer key
1 I’m not going to make pasta for lunch.
2 This is the town where my dad was born.
3 Greg is excited about his new job.
4 Hannah and Will are going to buy a new house.
5 This film is really disappointing.
6 I can’t see who is talking.
p. 33, ex. 3
Answer key
1 Approximately 9 to 5
2 From 12 to 8
3 Possible answers: delivery, transport, IT, healthcare, police (security), hotel (hospitality)
4 Adjusting sleeping pattern; good work / life balance
5 See his friends
6 More money; flexibility during the day
p. 33, ex. 4
Audioscript
Johnny Did you see that TV programme yesterday about a vet? I think that’s a really interesting job.
Maisie Not for me. It’s boring and I don’t like animals.
Johnny What job would you like to do?
Maisie Well, my dream when I was 10 was to be a famous Formula 1 racing driver. But, let’s face it, that’s not going to happen. But I still love cars so I want to be a mechanic.
Johnny Really?
Maisie Yes. Next summer my friend’s dad is going to let me work at his garage.
Johnny Cool. It’s good that you already know what you’re going to do.
Maisie Don’t you have any ideas?
Johnny Well, my plan is to study foreign languages and then travel. A job as a journalist sounds exciting, maybe for an international TV or magazine.
Maisie What about a teacher? Your mum teaches, right?
Johnny Yes, Spanish, but I’m not going to be a teacher like her. Too difficult.
Maisie I think a teacher is the perfect job for you.
Johnny No way!
Maisie Honest! You’re really patient and can explain things well.
Johnny Thanks, but no thanks!
p. 34, ex. 5
1 Are you going to seeMike after class?
2 Who is going to bring food and drinks?
3 What are you going to do after the match?
4 Is Moira going to attend the training course?
5 Are you going to play badminton on Wdnesday?
6 Is Frank going to come today?
p. 37, ex. 1
Videoscript
California, in the south-west of the United States of America, is situated on the Pacific Ocean. It is a very long state and includes more than 1,300 kilometres of beautiful coastline, making it a prime destination for anybody who loves water sports.
California is nicknamed the Golden State. This is because gold was discovered here in 1848. News of the discovery travelled very fast. In only one year about 100,000 people moved to California from all over the American continent to work in the gold mines, hoping to become rich. This was called the Gold Rush. Of course, because of the higher population, lots of small towns grew dramatically and California’s economy became very strong. Today, California is still the most populated state in the United States, and one of the richest. It is also home to one of America’s most famous cities: San Francisco.
San Francisco was one of the small towns at the centre of the Gold Rush. In fact between 1848 and
1855 the number of people living here grew from only 200 to more than 36,000! The city is located on a peninsula halfway up California’s coastline, and is built on more than forty hills! In fact San Francisco is famous for its hilly streets and its iconic trams, or ‘cable cars’, which are very popular with the city’s numerous tourists.
Tourists who visit San Francisco also come to see another iconic symbol of the city: the Golden Gate Bridge. This spectacular orange-red suspension bridge is 2.7 kilometres long and crosses the channel which divides the bay of San Francisco from the Pacific Ocean. The bridge was built between 1933 and 1937. Since its construction about two billion vehicles have crossed the bridge, and it has appeared in more than 30 Hollywood films... often being destroyed by war, terrorists, monsters or aliens!
p. 37, ex. 1
1 The Golden Gate.
2 When lots of people moved to California to work in the gold mines with the dream of becoming rich.
3 200 in 1848, 36,000 in 1855.
4 More than 40 bills.
5 Hilly streets, the cable cars/trams and the Golden Gate bridge.
UNIT 2 Protect the planet
p. 39, ex. 2
Answer key
An organisation created by Cash and Ella. They teach kids all over the world about the environment and organise cleanups to pick up rubbish from streets, parks and rivers.
p. 47, ex. 2
Audioscript
How can our parents be greener?
Teenagers are very aware of environmental problems, and we learn a lot about how to be green at school, so if teenagers already do it, then adults need to do their part too.
In this presentation, I want to talk about three things they should do. Firstly, they should use public transport. If more people use buses and trains instead of driving to work, there will be less traffic and pollution in our towns and cities. They can also go by bike if they live close to their workplace.
The second thing is paper. They shouldn’t print
unnecessary emails and documents at work or at home. If offices and schools become ‘paperless,’ we can save trees, water, and energy. Even simple actions like using both sides of a piece of paper can help. Finally, think about coffee cups. In the UK, we throw away 2.5 billion coffee cups every year, and they’re very difficult to recycle. My mum always buys takeaway coffee on her way to work, so for her birthday last year, I bought her a reusable mug. It saves money because many coffee shops offer a discount if you have your own mug. And it helps the environment!
In conclusion, small things can make big things happen – if we take action together in these simple ways, we’ll have a better and cleaner world for future generations.
p. 49, ex. 3
Answer key
1 Tents, food containers, oxygen bottles.
2 Ice and snow are melting, rubbish buried under the snow over the years is now coming out, which will start to pollute the local water supply.
3 Climbers deposit $4,000 and get them back if they return 8 kg of waste on their return/at the end of their expedition.
4 To protect the environment/keep Mount Everest clear(er).
5 A project created by French climber Marion Chaygneaud-Dupuy, who with a team of 50 people and yaks, managed to clean 8.5 tonnes of rubbish.
6 Campaigns aimed to clean up the rubbish left on Mount Everest by climbers and educate climbers and local community to manage solid waste.
p. 53, ex. 11
Audioscript
1 We saw lightning flashing across the sky.
2 The earth started to shake.
3 I felt very scared.
4 The sky turned dark.
5 It started to snow heavily.
6 We saw lots of snow coming down the mountain.
p. 56, ex. 10
Answer key
1 If you don’t do the recycling, you’ll cause more pollution.
2 If you study really well for your test, you’ll pass.
3 If you go to bed early at night, you’ll be relaxed for the following day.
4 If you stay in the sun too long, you’ll get sunburnt.
p. 56, ex. 13
Audioscript
1 Oh no! The weather forecast says it’s going to be cold and rainy tomorrow. If it rains, the river in my town will definitely flood.
2 I won’t go to the cinema. I may just stay at home and watch a film.
3 Hey, it might snow! If it snows, we won’t go to school!
p. 56, ex. 14
Answer key
1 Things might change next year.
2 I think I’ll go for a walk later.
3 Bob and Sam are going to buy a boat.
4 Frances is going to be a firefighter.
5 I won’t have time to help you on Sunday.
6 Se pianteremo più alberi ci sarà meno inquinamento atmosferico.
p. 57, ex. 3
Audioscript
Tim I already do a lot of things for the environment – I recycle, use less plastic and so on. The other day I read about the amount of resources used for growing and transporting food. So I found a local farm shop and I’m going to buy my fruit and vegetables there. They’re cheaper than the supermarket too.
Phoebe It’s only a small thing but I’m going to remember to take my water bottle to school every day. I usually forget and then have to buy a bottle at school. This way I don’t add to the plastic in the world and I also save money.
Ian Last week I became a member of a local environmental group. It organises trips to pick up rubbish. They usually collect 20 or 30 bags of rubbish each time. I’m going on the first one on Sunday. It’s a forest where a lot of the trees and plants are at risk from all the rubbish.
Sally I’m an animal lover and really want to protect all animals, big and small. It’s true that animals like gorillas and tigers are in danger, but for now I want to concentrate on helping those closer to home. I’m going to be a volunteer at our local animal shelter.
p. 59, ex. 1
Audioscript
Basically, pollution is a problem that we can and must solve today. If we don’t take action now, water pollution will get worse because litter and toxic chemicals will continue to get into lakes, rivers and oceans. Air pollution will also get worse if factories and cars keep releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere. Land pollution is obviously getting worse too – just look at all the rubbish we have in landfills, on our streets, in our parks, on our beaches, and in thousands of other places. If we don’t solve these problems today, all living things on our planet will soon be in serious danger. In other words, our planet is dying, and if we don’t do something now, we won’t be able to save it. Take air pollution, for example. One of the many possible solutions to solve this type of pollution is using clean energy, like solar, wind and hydroelectric energy. If we do this, there will be less toxic gases in the atmosphere. So let’s save ourselves. Let’s save our planet!
p. 60, ex. 2
Answer key
Great Victoria Desert, Daintree, Great Barrier Reef – Australia Tasman Glacier – New Zealand
p. 61, ex. 1
Videoscript
In the centre of the Australian desert there is a unique and mysterious land feature called Uluru. It is a large sandstone mass standing 348 metres above the surrounding desert plain. It is located in a dry, flat area, but there are a surprising number of plants, birds, reptiles and other animals that live there. Recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Uluru has a deep spiritual significance for the Aborigines – the Anangu people who are the traditional custodians of the land. For the Anangu, it is the sacred resting place of the spirits who created the world. Uluru is captivating for its size and beauty – it is considered particularly beautiful at sunset when it changes colour and becomes red – and it attracts thousands of tourists every year. In the past, tourists used to climb the rock but, out of respect for the Anangu people and their beliefs, this is no longer permitted. You also can’t take photographs in certain areas. Before exploring the national park and area around the rock, it’s a good idea to visit the cultural centre where you can learn about the beginning of
time with historical documentaries and explanations of Anangu law and traditions, while listening to ceremonial songs. There are also two galleries with art from different Aboriginal communities. The cultural centre is owned and operated by the Aborigines, who invest the profits into the local community and help protect this important natural and spiritual place for future generations.
p. 62, ex. 2
Audioscript
I saw this idea of a time capsule on social media. You make one at the beginning of the year and open it in December to see the changes in your life. For me, time capsules were only for the distant future, like in 50 or 100 years’ time, or for your children, so I really liked this idea. But I’m going to open mine after five years, not one. I’ll be able to see the changes and developments in my life and it can help me focus on my dreams and ambitions. I’m going to write a personal letter to my future self but I also want to include fun things like fashion, TV series and music, as well as lots of photos. I think time capsules are a great idea. What kind would you like to make?
Unit 3 Share your experiences
p. 65, ex. 3
Answer key
1 Sad. / He wasn’t happy with the idea of having a staycation.
2 Researching about the benefits of staycations compared to more traditional travelling.
3 Cooking new recipes every day, visiting places in your town you’ve never been to before.
4 It’s cheaper, less stressful and more eco-friendly.
p. 67, ex. 7
Audioscript
Have you ever been to New York? No, I haven't. But I'd love to go. What did you do? I went on a city break. How was your road trip? It was fantastic! When did you go? Last summer.
p. 73, ex. 2
Audioscript
I’d like to talk about a museum which I visited when I went to the USA last autumn. I’ve been to lots of museums with my family on holiday, and sometimes
they can be a bit boring. But this was fantastic. It’s the best museum I’ve ever been too. It’s called the International Spy Museum and it’s in Washington DC. Here is a photo of the outside. It looks pretty cool, but the things inside are even more awesome. Think about a spy movie with all the gadgets. Well, here you can find the gadgets and tools that real spies have used. There is an area where you can learn about the history of spying, for example during World War II, and also about modern cyber spies. My favourite part was the cryptology section, where you can try to crack a code. I wasn’t able to, though! The museum is easy to get to by metro and bus. The tickets are a little bit expensive – about $ 25 –but you can spend a long time in the museum and there are lots of interactive games and exhibits. The museum has also got a shop where you can buy T-shirts, caps, mugs and other souvenirs.
p. 82, ex. 12
Audioscript
I’ve come to London to learn English. I’ve been to Scotland twice but I’ve never been to London before so I’m very excited. I’ve done a homestay before too, so this time I’m staying in a B&B for a week. It’s the first time I’ve ever been on the underground too, it’s amazing!
p. 82, ex. 13
Answer key
1 Hilary has gone sightseeing today.
2 I’ve never been to Australia.
3 Ivan has done a homestay in England twice.
4 We’ve booked a B&B near the beach.
p. 83, ex. 3
Audioscript
Isaac Hey Susan, what’s up?
Susan Oh. It’s my parents. They want me to go on a cruise with them next summer.
Isaac Sounds great. Where?
Susan The Mediterranean. Greece and Italy.
Isaac How lucky! I’ve never visited those countries. Think of the weather, the food…
Susan Yes, but I’ll be 15 and I want to go on holiday with my friends not my parents.
Isaac Well, my older brother got an interrail pass for a month and went backpacking around Europe but I don’t think you should do that at 15.
Susan Yes, I agree. Have you ever been on holiday without your parents?
Isaac Yes, I’ve been camping with two of my friends. We went to a campsite by a lake, about an hour from here.
Susan Camping?
Isaac It was great fun and not expensive. I paid for it using money from my Saturday job.
Susan Maybe it’s cheap but it certainly isn’t fun. It’s cold, uncomfortable and you get spiders in your tent.
Isaac What about going to a youth hostel? They’re good for young people and at least there’s a real bed.
Susan When I was 11, we had a school trip to a youth hostel in Wales.
Isaac Did you like it?
Susan We were 8 students in the same room with one bathroom. It was awful. And the food was horrible.
Isaac Oh dear. What kind of holiday do you like?
Susan I don’t know. Something comfortable and a bit luxurious. A swimming pool, good food…
Isaac You know you get all that on a cruise, right?
Susan Mm. Perhaps I should go with my parents after all.
Isaac Exactly!
Answer key
1 cruise 2 interrail 3 camping 4 youth hostels
p. 84, ex. 5
Answer key
1 Have you never ever been to Japan?
2 We have gone been to the beach many times this year.
3 She never has has never visited Paris.
4 They haven't finish finished their homework.
5 We have gone been to Milan many times.
6 Does Has he ever climbed a mountain?
p. 84, ex. 6
Answer key
1 I’ve/I have never met a celebrity before.
2 Have you ever tried scuba diving?
3 She hasn’t/has not finished her homework.
4 They haven’t/have not travelled outside their country.
5 Has he ever played the piano?
6 We’ve/We have never been so surprised in our life.
7 It hasn’t/has not rained today.
p. 85, ex. 1
Answer key
Graph A = types of holidays that 13–15-year-old teenagers prefer going on
Graph B = types of activities that 13–15-year-old teenagers have done on holiday
p. 87, ex. 3
Answer key
1 Business and politics.
2 27 years.
3 Bungee jumping.
4 Vredefort dome.
5 27th April.
6 (dangerous) Storms and rocks.
7 They won nobel prizes. / The same address.
p. 87, ex. 1
Videoscript
South Africa is a captivating country, full of incredible landscapes, thrilling adventures, and rich cultural experiences. Among its top attractions is the unforgettable safari experience in one of the many national parks or game reserves. The most famous is certainly Kruger National Park, where visitors have the chance to see the Big Five – lions, elephants, leopards, buffaloes and rhinos – as well as many smaller mammals, birds and insects.
Going on a safari in Kruger National Park is an adventurous holiday, but it is suitable for people of all ages. You can decide to rent a 4×4 for the day and drive around the park’s trails on your own or you can stay in one of the lodges in the park and take part in an organised game drive. These are usually in an opentop vehicle, but you can also go on foot. The best times to spot the Big Five are at sunrise and sunset as the animals are more active then. The local guides share their expert knowledge of the park’s ecosystems and wildlife, as well as telling you what to do in order to be safe. Other activities in the park include hiking, mountain biking, birdwatching and even a nighttime bush braai – a South African tradition where meat is cooked on an open fire.
Unit 4 Be happy
p. 92, ex. 12
Answer key
avoid too many sweets eat too many sweets
1 drink fizzy drinks drink (plenty/enough) water
2 eat junk food avoid eating too much junk food / eat healthy(-ier) (food)
3 have a balanced diet have an unbalanced diet
4 skip a meal eat all your meals / never skip a meal
p. 95, ex. 9
Answer key
1 I haven’t tried meditation yet.
2 Have they reduced their screen time?
3 We haven’t learned how to prepare healthy meals yet.
4 She hasn’t started a new hobby yet.
5 Has he started having a healthier routine yet?
p. 95, ex. 10
Answer key
1 Heidi’s just finished her maths exam.
2 I haven’t seen Rachel yet.
3 Lucy and Jake have already seen that film.
4 Dad’s just done the washing-up.
5 We haven’t had time to do that yet.
6 Have you started the German course yet?
p. 97, ex. 2
Audioscript
Hi everyone! Today, I want to tell you about one of my favourite traditional dishes from Spain — paella. Paella is really famous, especially here in the Valencia region, where it originally comes from. People normally make paella with rice, vegetables, saffron, and chicken, or seafood, or a mix of both of them. The most important part is the rice because it takes in all the delicious flavours. When we prepare it, we start by cooking the vegetables and meat in olive oil. Then, we add the rice and saffron, which gives it that beautiful yellow colour. After that, we pour in water or broth and let the rice cook slowly until it’s soft and full of flavour. The seafood goes in just before it’s done.
Spanish people often eat paella with family and friends, especially during celebrations. I love paella because it’s part of our culture, and it reminds me of Sundays with my family. For us, paella isn’t just food – it’s a nice moment to share with other people – it brings everyone together. Oh, by the way, paella means frying pan – that’s where you cook paella. It comes from Latin, patella, and people use it in Valencian, which is the language people speak in Valencia. Anyway, if you haven’t tried paella yet, I promise you’ll love it. It’s a real taste of Spain!
p. 97, ex. 4
Answer key mix mischiare cut tagliare boil bollire fry friggere bake cuocere al forno serve servire
p. 99, ex. 1
Answer key
‘Hygge’ means sharing simple, happy moments of the day with family and friends. It’s also about sharing. It’s about bringing comfort, happiness and a sense of peace into your own and other people’s lives
p. 103, ex. 13
Audioscript
Hey, would you like a healthy snack?
1 I’m trying to have a more balanced diet.
2 I promise I won’t eat junk food for a month!
3 Let me get you a piece of cake.
4 I’ll eat less junk food from now on.
p. 106, ex. 12
Audioscript
I promise I’ll eat healthier from now on. I’ve already started eating more vegetables and fruit every day, and it’s made me feel better. I haven’t drunk any sugary drinks since last month and I’m trying to drink more water instead. These small changes have already made a big difference!
p. 106, ex. 13
Answer key
1 Have you been to the gym yet?
2 I’ve already done my homework.
3 Rashid has lived in England for six months.
4 We’ve been in this classroom since this morning.
5 My brother hasn’t started managing his time better yet.
p. 107, ex. 3
Audioscript
1 Tom A few years ago, I ate fast food all the time. My family and I went to fast food restaurants every weekend, and I always got burgers and fries. I loved it! But now, I don’t eat fast food as much. I started eating at home more, and we cook healthier meals. I still like burgers, but I
also enjoy salads now. It’s weird, but I’m okay with it.
2 Emma When I was a kid, I never ate breakfast. I just wasn’t hungry in the morning so I didn’t eat anything and just got ready for school instead. But now, I eat breakfast at 7 o’clock every weekday, because I get hungry in school if I don’t. I like having cereal. It gives me more energy. I also have a snack around half past nine. You know, just in case I need even more energy for the day.
3 Jake When I was ten or eleven, I had fizzy drinks with lunch and dinner, and sometimes even in between. I didn’t like water very much. But now, I drink water most of the time. My coach told me that fizzy drinks aren’t good for me, so I stopped drinking it.
4 Lily When I was younger, I didn’t eat much at all. I was a really picky eater. I only liked pasta and chicken nuggets. I didn’t want to try anything new. Now, I’m trying more foods, like fish and different vegetables. I even tried sushi last month!
p. 108, ex. 4
Answer key
1 How long have you practised meditation?
2 How long have you lived in the countryside?
3 How long have you stopped eating red meat?
4 How long have you been a vegan?
p. 108, ex. 6
Answer key
1 Mum has just started a meditation course.
2 I haven’t been to the gym today yet.
3 Henry has already had dinner.
4 My parents have just come back from their holidays.
5 Have you tried that workout yet?
6 You have already told me a million times!
p. 109, ex. 1
Audioscript
Fabian Hey Maria! I haven’t seen you for ages. What have you been up to?
Maria Hi Fabian! Not much. I’ve been busy with school and volleyball. How about you?
Fabian I’m alright, I guess.
Maria Hey, I heard you’ve changed your eating habits. Is that right?
Fabian Yeah, did my sister tell you that?
Maria Yep. I’ve just met her and she told me all about it. I think that’s a good thing, right?
Fabian Yeah. You know, I’ve eaten junk food for too long. So, I’m trying to eat more fruits and vegetables and to have a more balanced diet, that’s all.
Maria How long have you done that?
Fabian I’ve actually just started. I’ve done it only for a couple of weeks, but I can already see the difference. I’m feeling more active, less tired, you know, like I want to do stuff all the time rather than sit in front of my laptop or videogame console and do nothing.
Maria That’s really good. I need to do that, too. I promise I’ll have a more balanced diet myself from now on.
Fabian Why not start now? Can I get you a healthy snack?
Maria Oh, that’s nice of you, thanks!
p. 111, es. 1
Videoscript
Canada is the second largest country in the world, after Russia. It has a border with the United States in the south, Greenland is to the north-east and Iceland is further west in the Atlantic Ocean. The country is divided into 14 provinces. It has got two of the biggest lakes in the world, Great Bear Lake and Great Slave Lake.
Canada’s three biggest cities are Toronto in the south-east, Montreal to the north-east of Toronto and Vancouver in the south-west, but the capital is Ottawa, the fourth largest city in the country, which is between Toronto and Montreal. Montreal, Canada’s second biggest city after Toronto, is also the second biggest city in the world after Paris with a French speaking population. In fact, Canada has two official languages, English and French.
The major mountain ranges are the famous Rockies, but the country’s highest mountain is Mount Logan in the Saint Elias Mountains. Major rivers are the St Lawrence and the Mackenzie.
The climate in Canada varies from region to region. Winters can be very cold in many parts of the country, with temperatures between -15°C and -40°C and summers can reach 40°C.
Canada has an amazing variety of wildlife, both animals (the beaver is a national symbol) and plants (17,000 types of plants, flowers and trees). The Niagara Falls, on the
border between Canada and the USA, are one of Canada’s biggest tourist attractions. Another symbol of Canada is the maple leaf, which is on the red and white flag.
p. 112, ex. 2
Audioscript
I imagine you’re very busy, like me, with school, sports, activities with your family and so on. It can be stressful, right? Well, I’ve recently started a daily check-in and it has really helped me. I call it a daily check-in but I don’t always manage to do it every day, usually four or five times a week. I do it before I go to bed, but you can do it at any time. First, I write down how I felt that day and one good thing that happened. Then I do a calming exercise, like some deep breathing, stretching, or, because I like art, I doodle or draw for five minutes. So far, my daily check-in has helped me sleep better. Another benefit is that I feel less anxious and it helps me deal with stress. How could a daily check-in help you?
p. 113, ex. 2
Audioscript
I want to tell you about the stress management day that I’ve planned for April. It’s on Friday the 19th all day, so there won’t be any normal lessons that day at all. It’s very important for everyone to have the possibility to take part so it is open for all students from 11 to 16 years old. The day is in two parts. In the morning, from half past nine to half past twelve, there will be a talk by a psychologist, a video and a discussion with three youth counsellors who can answer your questions. The afternoon session is from 2 to 4 o’clock and this is where I need your help. I want you to organise activities for small groups of students, no more than 15 in each group, that can help with stress management. You can use the gym, IT lab, the classrooms and the sports fields for these activities.
Unit 5 Use tech wisely
p. 115, ex. 2
Answer key
The negative effects of AI (the effects it has on the environment and people’s jobs).
p. 115, ex. 3
Answer key
1 In many areas, such as medicine, education and video games.
2 It uses 33 times more energy.
3 He says that machines/AI systems are replacing people in different professional areas.
4 He says that, on the other hand, AI-generated medical solutions can improve and even save lives.
p. 119, ex. 14
Answer key
Because Chloe published on social media a photo of Ben that he didn’t like.
p. 120, ex. 1
1 London is visited by a lot of tourists.
2 Is Spanish spoken in Argentina?
3 Drones are used at international events.
4 My trainers aren’t made in China.
5 That football is made of leather.
6 Is coffee grown in Brazil?
7 More than 300 billion emails are sent every day all over the world.
8 Smartphones are used to take photos and chat online.
p. 120, ex. 5
Answer key
1 ‘Are these chocolates made in Switzerland?’ ‘No, they aren’t.’
2 ‘Is dinner served from 7 p.m.?’ ‘Yes, it is.’
3 ‘Is Frensh spoken in Japan?’ ‘No, it isn’t.’
4 ‘Is parmesan cheese produced in Scotland?’ ‘No, it isn’t.’
5 ‘Are the instructions written in English?’ ‘Yes, they are.’
6 ‘Is your living room painted blue?’ ‘Yes, it is.’
p. 121, ex. 6
Answer key
1 Computers and smartphones are produced by electronic companies.
2 This TV series is watched every day by thousands of people.
3 Basketball and volleyball are played in the gym by the students.
4 Italian is not spoken in Russia.
5 Are leather shoes made in that shop?
6 The washing-up is always done by my brother.
p. 121, ex. 7
Answer key
1 The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
2 The first glass objects were created in Egypt.
3 This French cave was painted millions of years ago.
4 This app was designed by a German teenager.
5 Who was the Nobel Peace Prize given last year?
6 These museums were opened in 2019.
p. 123, ex. 3
Audioscript
Hi, I’m Samantha, but my friends call me Sam. The invention I’d like to talk about is the drone. The drone is a plane without a pilot on board, and it’s controlled either by a remote control or an onboard computer. It’s hard to say who invented the first drone, but military drones were developed by the British and American military during the 20th century. However, in this presentation today I want to focus on how drones are helping people in everyday life, especially in delivering goods of necessity, such as food and medicine. The drones that are used to transport goods are usually small, light and electric. Some have GPS systems to find their way. Drones can deliver goods to people who live in places that are hard to reach by car, plane or other forms of transport. For example, they can fly to rural areas or islands with few roads or without airports. This is especially helpful during emergencies, like natural disasters. In busy cities, drones can also help reduce traffic and pollution. This makes life easier for people and helps the environment. To me, drones are the most useful invention to humankind today. They can make life easier and safer for everyone who needs them. Thanks for listening.
p. 125, ex. 1
Answer key
1 In 1989, Tim Berners Lee
2 Today, there are around
3 And Tim Bersers Lee is
4 He has often spoken
5 Today’s young people are
6 It won’t be easy
p. 132, ex. 14
Audioscript
I’m reading a fantastic book – it’s called Space Travel. It was written in 2020 and tells the story of a German inventor. I’ve already read 55 pages! What are you reading? What’s it called?
p. 132, ex. 15
Answer key
1 Who was the car invented by?
2 The project wasn’t delivered on time.
3 Many films are made in Hollywood.
4 This monument is called Big Ben but it is also known as the Elizabeth Tower.
5 Are these books written in French?
6 The Statue of Liberty was given to New York by the French.
p. 133, ex. 3
Audioscript
Host Welcome to today’s episode of our podcast! We’re talking about how technology can be used for positive social change. With me is Rania, who knows a lot about the topic. Hi, Rania!
Rania Hi! Thanks for inviting me here.
Example answer
Rania Basically, we all work to achieve positive social change, that is, changes that can improve our society. We work to achieve social justice, for example, because we believe that everyone should have the same economic, political and social opportunities.
Answer 1
Rania Well, one great way is by sharing information online for important causes. For example, people use social media to talk about climate change or help raise money for charities.
Answer 2
Rania Sure! I saw a group organise a clean-up event for a park. They shared it on social media, and many people came to help clean the area.
Answer 3
Rania Definitely! Technology makes it easy for people to study online. And it’s not only about degrees or official qualifications. There are so many websites and apps that help people learn any kind of skills, like coding, or even learning languages.
Answer 4
Rania Yes, for sure! There are apps that teach us about health, how to grow plants, or even how to relax. Technology isn’t just for fun, it helps us live better.
Answer 5
Rania It’s important to use technology smartly, like for learning or helping others. We should always think about how it can make a positive change.
Host Thank you so much, Rania, for sharing your ideas!
Rania My pleasure.
p. 137, ex. 1
Videoscript
Mahatma Gandhi is one of the most important figures in recent Indian history. He was born on 2nd October 1869 in Porbandar, India. As a young man, he went to England to study law and later worked in South Africa, where he began to fight against the discrimination and unfair treatment that he and others were subject to. Gandhi is famous for his idea of non-violent protest. He believed that people could make changes without using violence. When he returned to India, he became a leader in the struggle for independence from British rule. At that time, India was part of the British Empire and had been colonised for many years. The British controlled India’s government, economy and resources, and many Indians were treated unfairly. Gandhi encouraged people to protest peacefully, for example by refusing to buy British goods such as clothes and to make their own clothes instead. India became independent in 1947, and Gandhi is remembered as the “Father of the Nation.” He was killed in 1948, but his ideas of peace, justice, kindness and courage continue to influence people today.
p. 137, ex. 1
Answer key
1 He studied law.
2 He started to fight against discrimination and unfair treatment.
3 He believed in non-violent protest to make changes.
4 He was the leader and encouraged people to protest peacefully.
5 His ideas of peace, justice, kindness and courage.
p. 138, ex. 2
Audioscript
Do you know what a digital detox is? It’s when you take a break from your digital devices and you don’t use social media, messaging apps and so on. There can be several reasons for a digital detox, but my mum and I are doing it to improve communication and reconnect with each other. Next weekend, our challenge is to spend the whole two days with no phones or devices. An emergency phone call is OK, obviously, but that’s it. I’m going to miss playing online games more than anything else. As an alternative activity, mum and I are going to try baking. Just a secondwe can’t look up recipes online or even post photos of what we make! Well, I’ll let you know how it goes. You should do it too so we can compare experiences!
EXTRA GRAMMAR
p. 152, ex. 3
Answer key
1 They thought they were terrible.
2 They were laughing and making rude comments.
3 She felt hurt.
4 He advises Janet to wait and see if her friends apologise and how they behave in the future.
5 He advises Theo to apologise but also to allow Janet time to cool down.
p. 155, ex. 7
Answer key
1 We asked her where she was from.
2 I asked Jake where my phone was.
3 He asked me where I worked.
4 He asked me if I was happy.
p. 155, ex. 8
Answer key
1 Rashid asked when the train left.
2 Lucy asked me if I wanted to go home.
3 Nick asked what time the club met.
4 Andrea asked if I could close the door.
p. 156, ex. 1
Answer key
talking about ability: I can’t do my Spanish homework talking about possibility: You can have a free 20-minute trial. / We could get him a voucher. making a request: Can you come over and help me? giving advice: You should get the new FIFA game. making a promise: I’ll do you a favour. expressing obligation: I have to be home. expressing prohibition: You mustn’t tell him. making a proposal: Shall we meet at 6.30 today? making a prediction: you’ll love it! / They’ll get mad at me. making an invitation: Would you like to try white water rafting?
INVALSI TRAINING
p. 157, ex. 1
Audioscript
This is a photo of my aunt Sara. I’m going to talk about her today because she’s my hero! She works really hard every day. She doesn’t work in a school or a hospital, or anywhere like that. She works from home a lot writing stories for online newspapers and
she often goes out to report important stories for the TV news. She loves her job and she’s going to work in London next year.
p. 157, ex. 3
Audioscript
Melanie Today, I’m going to talk about my uncle James. He’s got a really exciting job. He works in theatres and sometimes he stars in TV series. He went to acting school in London for three years and he’s really good at his job. Next month he’s going to audition for a part in a really famous show. Fingers crossed!
Andrew Hi, I’m Andrew and I’m going to talk about my mum. She wears a uniform to work and she’s very serious when she goes to work. Sometimes her job is a bit dangerous but she helps people if they have problems or something bad happens.
Cristina Well, my name is Cristina and I’m going to talk about my big sister today. She works in a gym and she’s very fit. She’s studying at university too but she does her job at the weekends and two or three afternoons a week. She helps people get fit. Next week she’s going to start a Pilates course – shall we go?
Grace Hi, I’m Grace and I’m going to talk about my dad today. He works in a big school in the centre of Glasgow and he teaches physics and chemistry… ugh! I’m not very good at these subjects! In December, he’s going to take his students on a school trip to London to visit the Science Museum, he’s really excited about that!
Mark Hello, my name’s Mark and today I’m going to talk to you about my cousin. She doesn’t work with people – she works with cars in a garage! She’s really good at her job and she always fixes my mum’s car if she has any problems. Next year, she’s going to open her own garage in our town – she’s going to call it Natalie’s Car Shop!
Jack Hi, I’m Jack and today I’m going to talk about my dad. I’d like to do his job because he helps lots of people but he works about 12 or 13 hours a day, which isn’t good, of course! He works in the hospital in our town but sometimes he visits his patients at home too. I think he’s going to work night shift tonight.
p. 159, ex. 1
Audioscript
I’ve never been on a cruise but my grandma has. She loves cruises. She’s been on about four or five, I think! I’m not sure about them. I think they’re for old people! I prefer going camping. I think I’ve been camping about ten times with mum and dad. We went camping in Wales for a week in the summer – it was great! Anyway, my grandma isn’t at home at the moment because she’s gone on another cruise. This time she’s gone to Italy and Greece for three weeks. She’s never been to these countries so she was very excited when she left. She’s sent me loads of photos and videos – it looks lovely.
p. 159, ex. 3
Audioscript
I’ve finally arrived in Australia. I’ve never been abroad before so the long journey on the aeroplane and the jetlag were a shock! But I’m here now. We’re staying in Sydney for a month and then we’re going to New Zealand for three weeks where mum’s cousin lives. Mum and dad have been all over the world. They’ve been to America twice, Africa three times, China once and I can’t remember all the other places. Anyway, they’ve gone to the shops to buy a few things because the bad news is that I’ve lost my suitcase! It wasn’t at baggage reclaim when we got off the aeroplane. Luckily, I had my passport in my rucksack so I didn’t lose that. Tomorrow morning we’re going to go back to the airport to ask if they’ve found my suitcase – fingers crossed! Then this weekend, I really want to go to the beach and try some Australian surfing!
p. 160, ex. 2
Answer key
Not given sentence: Sentence 4. False sentences: 1 Grace loves the gym.
2 She’ll send Viv a photo later.
p. 161, ex. 3
Audioscript
Believe it or not, augmented reality was first used in the 1960s. It was invented by a man called Ivan Sutherland in 1968 with the development of the first head-mounted display system, which was known as ‘The Sword of Damocles’. Later in 1974, a laboratory at the University of Connecticut, which was built by the computer researcher and artist, Myron Kruger, was called ‘Videoplace’ and was dedicated to augmented reality. Inside this building, camera technology was used to send silhouettes onto the walls and give users an interactive experience. During the 1990s, augmented reality was designed to aid military pilots and it was also seen in the entertainment industry and in sports matches. In 2009, augmented reality was used in print media for the first time and in 2017 it arrived at IKEA where customers were given the opportunity to preview their furniture options before buying them. Today augmented reality is everywhere and sometimes we don’t even know we’re using it, but it’s sure to get even more popular in the future.
CITIZENSHIP & CLIL
p. 163, ex. 2
Videoscript
Energy consumption is a huge part of our daily lives. We eat with energy, we travel with energy, we work with energy, and we even flirt with energy. But where does all of this energy come from? Today, we gather most of our energy from coal, oil, and natural gas, also known as fossil fuels. Additionally, we gather energy from biomass, nuclear, and renewables.
p. 161, ex. 2
Audioscript
Augmented reality is one of today’s biggest technology trends. It was first called ‘augmented reality’ in 1990 by the Boeing researcher Thomas Caudell, but its origins probably go back as far as 1901 when a man called L. Frank Baum first mentioned the idea.
Fossil fuels consist of extracted, decomposed organisms and plants that existed millions of years ago. Biomass converts plants into biomaterial to produce energy. Nuclear energy is released during nuclear fusion. Lastly, renewable energy comes from a source that's not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power. But what's the profound difference between them, and how do they affect our planet?
Fossil fuels cost more than what we pay at the pump and impact our environment in many ways. These impacts include global warming, air quality deterioration, oil spills, and acid rain. It's also projected that fossil fuel resources will be depleted within the next 50 to 100 years. Biomass and nuclear energy also have similar issues.
We need a solution relatively fast, and luckily, we have one. Renewable energy comes from resources that naturally
replenish in our lifetime, whereas fossil fuels are a onetime-use resource on the human time scale. Resources for renewable energy include sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. The best part is that we don't need to compromise our planet to harness it, nor do we have to rely on other nations for these resources, which history has shown to be a contributor to war, famine, and political instability.
So, how do we get this to look like that? Presently, we have the technology to be 100% renewable reliant. The truth is, our infrastructure is built around our fossil fuel dependency. If we could convert our infrastructure to what's known as a super grid, we would be able to rely on clean, renewable energy.
So, what's it going to be? Will our children live in a world full of pollution, or should they continue the path of evolution? To learn more about a 100% clean, renewable energy future, visit The Solutions Project website.
p. 165, ex. 1 Videoscript
If you use the internet, you should be aware of your digital footprint just like physical footprints that show someone steps on a dirt path. Your digital footprint is a history of all the activity you do online. Any social media posts you make, any websites you visit and any information you share online contributes to your digital footprint. Once you post something online, it can't be erased so your digital footprint can last forever. This can be a good thing if your digital footprint includes things that give you a positive reputation online. This can help you build your personal brand. Your online history can also help the apps you use know more about you. They can use this information to serve you better by adjusting to the things you like and your daily habits but they can also use this information in the wrong way and share it with others. Keep the following tips in mind when you go online to manage your digital footprint:
• Tip number one: know what your footprint says about you. Other people use your digital footprint to make judgments about you online. This can include employers when you apply for a job or recruiters when you apply for academic programs. It's important to know what your digital footprint says about you and how your information is being used. To see what your personal brand is online you can search for yourself - search for your name in the Bing search engine and see what results are displayed. If these results don't show what
you want, think about what you share online and what information you allow other people to see
• Tip number two: manage your privacy settings. You can modify the privacy settings of most of the social media sites and online applications that you use. This can help you control who sees what you share and what information shows up when someone searches for you online.
• Tip number three: manage your cookies. Cookies are notes given to your web browser as you browse the web. These cookies help apps track information that they need while you're using the app. This can help the app work better for you but this data also contributes to your digital footprint. You can use the settings in your browser to limit or block the use of cookies on certain websites.
• Tip number four: think before you share. Once you share something online, you can't take it back. Make sure you're okay with something being a part of your public digital footprint before you share it. Your digital footprint can live forever.
Keep these tips in mind to make sure you're happy with your digital footprint and how it is used.
p. 167, ex. 2
Answer key
1 The Soviet soldiers liberated the Jewish prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp.
2 In Poland people visit Auschwitz and other former concentration camps to remember the victims; in the United States, museums and schools hold ceremonies and educational activities; other people light candles and lay flowers at memorials.
3 Students’ own answer
p. 167, ex. 2
Videoscript
The war in Europe began in September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. Using blitzkrieg tactics, the country was quickly overtaken. The world was shocked. Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany but took little action. This became known as the Phony War. But in 1940, German offensives rapidly defeated Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. The British Army, meanwhile, was on the retreat, being evacuated from Dunkirk. Britain alone was attacked by Germany during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz; however, the Luftwaffe failed to defeat the RAF. In June 1941,
Hitler invaded Russia under the codename Operation Barbarossa. In December 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the USA into the war. Germany, Italy, and Japan formed the Axis Powers, while Britain, Russia, and the USA made up the major combatants on the Allied side. In 1942, the Nazis implemented their Final Solution, a plan to exterminate all Jewish people. Critical battles followed that would dramatically change the course of the war. These were Midway in the Pacific Theatre, June 1942; El Alamein in Egypt, November 1942; Stalingrad in Russia, January 1943. On June 6th, 1944—D-Day—the Allies launched Operation Overlord, invading Normandy, France. The Red Army advanced in the East and was the first to reach the German capital of Berlin. Germany surrendered in May 1945, shortly after Adolf Hitler committed suicide. On the 6th of August 1945, the Americans dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. Japan surrendered on V-J Day, 15 August 1945. The war was over. WW2 lasted from 1939 to 1945 and remains the most geographically widespread military conflict the world has ever seen.
p. 169, ex. 2 Videoscript
You found me! Hello boys and girls, I’m Mr Norton, and I'm here to tell you a little bit about a movement called Pop Art.
These are some of the pictures from the 1930s and 40s. This is how they looked: we have a wonderful scene of buildings, very traditional—people, dogs, buildings, trees, wonderful landscapes. They all look very nice, but a little drab, a little... missing something. And then came along Pop Art.
Pictures became bold. They were bright, they looked really interesting, and they were based on popular things. That's why it's called Pop Art — popular culture. Pop Art took everyday objects, such as, oh, I don’t know... a banana, a soda can, and said, ‘You know what? These look like art to me. I think I’m gonna put this in a painting. I think I’m gonna blow this up 20 times larger and put it on a wall’. And guess what? They did. You may be thinking to yourself, ‘Mr Norton, that’s all great and good, but that was the 1960s. What does Pop Art do for me today?’ Ah, it does a lot for you today. In fact, without Pop Art, we may not have those awesome shirts that you wear or all those great, wonderful sneakers that you have on. Pop Art allowed everyone to do art. Everything that you saw could become art, and
it let people know that advertisements in magazines, comics, and all these great things could now become art. Think about what you have today in your life: the popular things, the popular gadgets that you have, the toys or the clothes that you wear. Think about how artists design those. It’s very much the style of Pop Art. And you’ll take a closer look at some Pop artists, namely Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein, on the next couple of pages.
So, let’s recap. Pop Art was a big art movement in the 1960s. It used everyday objects as the subject of its art, featured bright, bold colours, and influenced our culture by making us think of everything as art — such as T-shirts, jewellery, clothing and shoes.
p. 169, ex. 2
Answer key
Question 4: A, C and E.
SONGS
p. 170, ex. 1
Answer key
1 He was born in Honolulu in Hawaii.
2 He nicknamed him after a professional wrestler named Bruno.
3 He performs many different musical styles.
4 The Hooligans are the band Bruno Mars plays with.
5 He sold over 11 million albums.
6 He’s famous for his fantastic stage performances.
FESTIVALS
p. 172, ex. 3
Answer key
Ramadan: It changes every year; About 30 days; Muhammed’s teachings; Fast during the day, and meals are only between sunset and sunrise. Special sweets at the end of Ramadan; Fast. Pray, reflect, help other people in the community.
Pesach: March/April; 1 day; The freedom from slavery and the journey to the Promised land; Symbolic food, for example flatbread; Meet with their family members to eat and remember the history together.
VOCABULARY BOOSTER
p. 175, ex. 5
Audioscript
Aisha What are you looking at, Ben?
Ben It’s a photo of my uncle Nick… he’s a firefighter in London.
Aisha Really?! That’s an amazing job but I wouldn’t like to do it…
Ben Yeah, I know what you mean. It’s a bit dangerous but I wouldn’t like to be an office worker either, so boring!
Aisha Yeah, that’s right! I really want to be a doctor or personal trainer… you know, so I can help people to stay healthy.
Ben Sounds great! I’d like to be an engineer like my mum one day – it’s so exciting designing all those bridges and buildings!
Aisha Cool, yeah! Well, you’d better finish your homework – engineers have to study hard!
p. 177, ex. 5
Audioscript
1 Mia Ew! The lake near my house smells so bad. Noah I heard it’s because of toxic waste from a factory nearby.
Mia That’s awful! Someone should report it. There's too much pollution in this area.
2 Sam The world is so polluted. We really need to do something about climate change and stuff.
Ben Why don’t we organise a climate conference at school?
Sam That’s a great idea! When…?
3 Lucy I always forget to bring my reusable bag to the store.
Ethan I can give you one of mine. You should try harder to reduce plastic.
Lucy You’re right. I’ll start keeping one in my backpack.
p. 179, ex. 4
Audioscript
Olly Do you want to see my holiday photos, Natalie?
Nat Oh yeah, where did you go?
Olly We didn’t go abroad this year. Mum wanted to go to Scotland so we stayed on this amazing campsite near Loch Ness.
Nat Was it cold?
Olly A bit yeah, but the Loch Ness Museum was awesome!
Nat Sounds great! We went to Sicily. Dad wanted to go to all the most important archaeological sites so we flew to Palermo and stayed in a beautiful hotel by the beach. Anyway, let’s see these photos…
GRAMMAR MAPS AND PRACTICE
p. 185, ex. 2
Answer key
1 He’s going to look for a summer job.
2 He’s going to learn Japanese.
3 He’s going to do a swimming course.
4 He isn’t going to watch a lot of TV.
5 He’s going to update his blog every day.
6 He isn’t going to be lazy.
p. 189, ex. 4
Answer key
1 ‘Have they ever eaten Chinese food?’ ‘No, they’ve never eaten Chinese food.’
2 ‘Have you ever met a famous person?’ ‘No, I’ve never met a famous person.’
3 ‘Has Sam ever read a comic in English?’ ‘Yes, he read a comic in English last week.’
4 ‘Have you ever seen a shark?’ ‘No, I’ve never seen a shark.’
5 ‘Has Luke ever played badminton?’ ‘No, he’s never played badminton.’
6 ‘Has Mark ever lost his phone?’ ‘Yes, he lost his phone last year.’
p. 191, ex. 6
Answer key
1 She’s already written her history essay.
2 She hasn’t finished her science project yet.
3 She’s already called her best friend.
4 She hasn’t found her sports bag yet.
5 She’s already read Hamlet
6 She hasn’t chosen a new cover for her phone yet.
p. 193, ex. 3
Answer key
1 Is your notebook made of recycled paper?
2 These knives aren’t made of steel.
3 How many plastic bottles are thrown away every day?
4 Everything is put into different containers.
5 Millions of emails are sent every day.
6 These boots aren’t produced in Italy.
p. 193, ex. 6
Answer key
Radioactivity was discovered by Marie Curie. The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel. ‘To be or not to be’ was said by Hamlet.
The 2022 World Cup was won by Argentina. ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ was sung by Queen. Beetlejuice was directed by Tim Burton.
EXAM TRAINER
p. 216, ex. 1
Answer key
Sam has got some brilliant news. He’s going to Italy this summer. His dad has booked a hotel for them/his family in Rome for the first week, then they’re going to an apartment at the seaside in Puglia for the second week. He’s really excited about visiting Rome. He loves history and there are so many interesting places to visit there. He also wants to try some real Italian food, especially real Italian ice cream. He thinks Puglia will be great too. He likes swimming and playing beach volleyball and he has heard the beaches there are really beautiful. Sam/He wants to know if they/he and Marco can meet when he goes to/visits Italy. He’d love to see him/Marco in person. Perugia, his/Marco’s city, isn’t very far from Rome, so he/Sam suggests/says that maybe Marco/he can come by train to Rome to meet him. His/ Sam’s dad says he could take Marco/him back to the station later and put him on the right train to go home. Sam tells Marco to ask his parents and let him know.
p. 216, ex. 2
Answer key
Her name is Emma Hardy. She’s British and she is 15 years old. Her birthday is on the fifteenth of May. She lives in Norwich in England. Her email address is emmh06@ kmail.com. She’s got two sisters and a brother. Their names are Jane, Kate and Freddie. She’s also got a cat. Its name is Tiddles. She goes to Redhill High School and she is in year 9. She can speak French and Spanish. Her favourite subjects at school are art and physical education. She plays volleyball and football and she does judo. Her hobbies are playing the guitar, cooking and drawing. She likes Halloween, cats and eating/making cupcakes.
p. 217, ex. 3
Answer key
That term I was taking part in the #MySportchallenge. It was an idea to raise money to help buy more sports equipment for young people in my town. You had to make a video of yourself doing a sport, post it on the #MySportchallenge page, and then people donated £1 every time they ‘liked’ a video there. I thought it was a great idea because you could do any kind of exercise you wanted in your video. I didn’t really enjoy team sports like football or rugby, so for the #MySportchallenge I did something I loved - skateboarding. I went to the skate park with a group of my school friends most days after school then. I was quite good at it and I could do lots of different
jumps. I really enjoyed showing my friends what I could do on my skateboard and I often got cool comments from people. So, I asked my sister to make some videos of me while I was skateboarding. Then I chose the best one and I posted it on the #MySportchallenge page.
p. 217, ex.
4
Answer key
Susie thanked Todd for inviting her on the programme. Todd asked her why she became a fashion blogger. Susie replied that when she was a little girl she was very interested in clothes. She always dressed up in her mum’s dresses. She said that when she got her first job as a fashion writer on a fashion magazine, there wasn’t enough space to write all the articles she wanted, so she started her own blog. It quickly became really popular with thousands of followers and that was the beginning of StyleStars. Next Todd asked her what was the best thing about being a fashion blogger. Susie told him that she loves telling people where to buy really great clothes at cheap prices, because not everyone can afford designer clothes. She added that she loves helping people find bargains. Todd asked her what was the hardest thing about her job. Susie said that it can be difficult to find new beauty tips and fashion advice for the blog. Todd told her that some people describe Susie as the coolest woman in fashion. She replied that she doesn’t think she’s cool, she’s just obsessed with fashion.
p. 220, ex. 2
Answer key
1 Lara.
2 Saskia.
3 On 16.04…
4 Los Angeles.
5 She visited Barcelona.
6 Yes, she’s got a little brother.
7 Stormzy.
8 What are your favourite subjects?, Have you got any brothers or sisters or a pet?, Who is your favourite singer or band?
p. 221, ex. 6
Answer key
1 this morning
2 in Austria
3 She broke her leg.
4 at home
5 She’s feeling happier because everyone has sent ‘Get well soon’ messages to her phone.
6 Because she’s at home and can’t do anything.
TOWARDS INVALSI
p. 234, Task 1
Audioscript
Hello, my name is Jane. Our history teacher took this picture last week. We were working on a project called ‘When I grow up, I will be…’ and all my classmates explained what jobs they would like to do as adults. I’m the second girl on the left and, as you can see, I would like to become a doctor like my mother and look after people. Peter wants to be strong and brave, put out fires and go into burning houses if people are inside and can’t get out. He wants to ride in a big red truck and wear a raincoat and a red hat. John wants to be a police officer like those he watches on TV, in order to help others and to try and make the world a better place. That girl with brown hair is Bella and she wants to be a chef. Can you imagine that? She would cook lots of different types of food for all of her friends! Emma is the girl next to her and she would like to travel all over the world on planes. Mark is the boy on my right with a yellow cap and he dreams of becoming a factory worker like his grandfather.
p. 234, Task 2
Audioscript
Ella Hi, I’m Ella. No, I can’t stand going shopping for shoes, it’s really tiring and time consuming. I remember when I bought my last pair of shoes. It took me hours to find suitable ones. My favourites are flat shoes. Women love wearing these kinds of shoes for the comfort they offer but you can also be elegant and stylish.
Adam Hi, I’m Adam. I usually prefer to wear sneakers than other types of footwear every day because they provide stability and control, so that you can avoid injuries to your ankle or heel. Sneakers are comfortable to wear every day and can be used for different activities, like walking and sport.
Jamal Hi, I’m Jamal. I work 13 hours a day in a factory, so I feel very tired at the end of the day. My only desire is to take off my shoes and put on my soft slippers. Nothing makes me happier. If I had the possibility, I would also wear them at work but for safety issues this is not possible.
Lianne Hi, I’m Lianne. A good pair of boots never goes out of style. Boots are a wardrobe must – no
matter what the shifting trends may be. In my opinion, leather boots are the most essential purchase because they work with everything from skinny jeans to dresses.
Monica Hi, I’m Monica. I think they’re beautiful and so many women’s outfits require them. High heels are fashionable, but uncomfortable. I love wearing high heels. When I used to work in a law firm, I’d wear them every day and I adored every click-clacky moment of it.
Terence Hi, I’m Terence. Flip-flops are easy. With a simple slide of the foot, you’re ready to go – no laces, buckles or socks required. Personally, I own several pairs in rainbow colours, but there’s always room for one more pair of these compact sandals. They are perfect for the beach.
p. 235, Task 3 Audioscript
Rose Good afternoon, Richard, how are you today?
Richard Hi Rose! I’m fine, thank you! And you? Is everything OK?
Rose Yes! I’m going to the park now, with my new classmates. Would you like to come with us?
Richard Ehm… No, I can’t! I’m going to the shopping mall with my friend Jack! Is your brother going with you?
Rose No, he’s at the beach with my cousins, Rachel and Manuel. I’m going to the park with Mary, Rosaleen and Wendy. They’re my new classmates.
Richard Oh, I know Rosaleen very well! She’s the tall girl with long dark hair and blue eyes, isn’t she?
Rose No, Richard! That one is Wendy! Rosaleen is the young, tall girl with short curly brown hair and green eyes!
Richard Good to know! And, tell me… Is Mary the quiet girl with short blonde hair and brown eyes?
Rose Yes, she is! She’s very very patient, too! And Rosaleen is the friendliest and most fashionable person I’ve ever met.
p. 236, Task 4
Audioscript
Tom Hi Louise, Are you free next weekend?
Louise I think so! Why?
Tom Remember that new rock band you said you
liked. Well, they are doing a concert at the Nottingham Arena. There’ll also be a local rapper to open the concert. Would you like to go together?
Louise Oh wow! Yes, I’d love to. Where’s it going to be? Is it at the concert hall near the shopping centre?
Tom That one’s too small. It is going to be at the new one near the castle. That’s not the one we usually go to near the indoor market.
Louise Oh OK! And how are we getting there?
Tom My mum can’t drive us there so I think we can get the tram or bus.
Louise OK! That sounds a good idea. So, what time shall I come to your house then?
Tom The concert starts at 8 o’clock and it will take about 20 minutes to get there on foot. It’ll also take a bit of time to get into the concert arena. Come for half past six and then we can set off at 7 o’clock.
Louise Where can we get the tickets? Do they sell them online?
Tom Yes, you can book directly online but there is also a ticket office in the shopping centre next to the bookshop. You know the one opposite the music shop. I’m going to get them from there.
Louise Great! That’s easy. And how much do they cost?
Tom I had a look on their website and the tickets start at £25 and go up to £75. I think we can get the £35 tickets so that we have a good view of the stage. The £50 ones near the front are all sold out.
Louise Cool. I’ll bring you the money tomorrow. Tom OK. Or if you want, we can go together after school. We can do our homework together at my place.
Louise Great idea. Let’s do that.
p. 237, Task 5
Audioscript
To all members of the FeelFit sports centre, we would like to welcome you to our facilities and courses…
Example 0 When members first come to the sports centre, they have to have a medical certificate with a photograph saying they are fit for the sport they want to do. This way, we know that people who come to
the gym won’t get hurt or ill while they are in training. It’s very important for our members to stay safe and well.
21 All members of the gym must maintain correct behaviour on the gym premises. They shouldn’t be late for class and they aren’t allowed to enter without sports shoes on. They mustn’t use equipment if there are no staff present and, of course, smoking is strictly prohibited in any area of the gym.
22 Members who have enrolled in swimming courses must respect some important rules. They must wear a swimsuit, goggles, flip-flops and a bathing cap. Before entering the swimming area, they must have a shower to reduce the risk of spreading germs.
23 For our extra sporty members and their kids, our centre offers a climbing wall. Our expert instructors will provide you with special shoes to help climb to the top, gloves to protect your hands and most of all, they will give you special climbing ropes to train and have fun in total safety.
24 Those members who would like to play a volleyball, basketball, soccer or tennis match can book the fields or courts up to five days before the game. You must do this with the secretary. Mrs Adams will ask you to fill in a form and pay $30 per hour. This money pays for the cleaning of the centre.
25 Last year we opened our new indoor skating rink, which is divided into two areas. In one area, you can go roller skating, while in the second area you can go ice skating. Don’t worry if you don’t have any roller skates or ice skates: you can borrow them at the skating area main entrance. Should you need any further information relating to our sports facilities, please feel free to contact our main information point.
p. 237, Task 6
Audioscript
In 2010, the United Nations announced that all people have the right to water for personal and domestic use. But what exactly does this mean? There must be sufficient water for drinking, washing and cooking. The
World Health Organisation says this is between 50 and 100 litres per person every day. The water must be safe from germs and chemicals that might be dangerous to health. Thirty percent of people do not have access to safe water. Water needs to be easy to get to and it is best to have running water in the house. But if not in the house, it must be less than a kilometre from the house and take no longer than thirty minutes to bring home. The water should not cost too much money. The United Nations says it must be less than 3% of a family’s income.
TOWARDS A2 KEY FOR SCHOOLS
p. 246, Part 1
Audioscript
1 Where has the man left his mobile phone?
A Oh no, I haven’t got my phone!
B But you used it just now when we were in the taxi.
A I remember. I put it down on the seat while I was putting my jacket on.
B Look, the taxi’s there in front of the library. Let’s go back quickly.
2 What will the girl eat?
A What are you going to eat? Did you have the chicken last time?
B Yes, but it wasn’t very nice.
A Oh right. I’ve already had salad for lunch today so… I’m going to have fish now.
B That’s a good idea. I’ll have the same as you.
3 What is the weather like now?
A Has it stopped raining yet?
B Yes, but it’s still really windy. Mum says it’s probably going to continue for a few hours.
A Do you think it will snow later?
B I hope so: I really love the snow!
4 What does Kurt borrow?
A Why don’t you put your cap on, Kurt. It’s raining again!
B I haven’t got my cap: I left it at home because it wasn’t raining this morning.
A Don’t worry. I’ll lend you my umbrella.
B Thanks, Anna.
5 What sport are these students talking about?
A Aren’t you tired after running around for an hour?
B If you’re fit, it’s OK. It was difficult to see the ball sometimes, though. It’s so fast!
A At least you hit the ball!
B Well, my racket is better than yours. Perhaps you should buy a new one!
p. 247, Part 2
Audioscript
You will hear a coach telling some boys and girls about a boat race.
Hello everybody. I’m going to give you some information about tomorrow’s school boat race. All racers must be at the meeting point at ten o’clock because the race will begin at half past ten. All you need to wear is a pair of shorts. You shouldn’t wear sunglasses because you may lose them during the race.
Remember that the race is only for students aged 10 to 15. The swimming race for younger children will take place on Friday.
There are different prizes for each race. In the school boat race, for those who win the first prize there is a new surfboard, and those who come second and third will get a book on sailing each. Don’t be sad if you don’t win, though: everybody who takes part in the race will get a T-shirt as a souvenir.
If you haven’t signed up, now just tell me and I will add you to the list.
p. 248, Part 3
Audioscript
You will hear Nelly and Bart talking about school uniforms.
Nelly Hey Bart: I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where were you last month?
Bart Hi Nelly, I was on holiday in Italy with my parents. My uncle Jeff lives there so we stayed at his house. Why are you wearing a school uniform?
Nelly Well, I can’t wear my own clothes any more like at our old school. I changed school last term when I moved to a different part of the town. I told you, didn’t I?
Bart Yes, but I didn’t know you have to wear a uniform now. That must be awful!
Nelly Oh I don’t know. It’s not such a bad thing, in my opinion.
Bart But don’t you want to wear the clothes you choose?
Nelly Yes, but… the good thing is that I don’t have to think about what I have to wear every morning.
Bart Well, maybe… but I wouldn’t like to wear a uniform anyway. I don’t like looking like other people. I want to be different!
Nelly I don’t mind wearing a uniform but I miss wearing my clothes at school sometimes, of course…
Bart I’m sure you do... but this way you don’t need to buy so many clothes anymore. You’re right, school uniforms aren’t so bad at all!
p. 249, Part 4
Audioscript
16 You will hear a girl talking about TV programmes. Which one does she want to watch?
A This match is so long!
B I thought you loved football...
A I do, but my team isn’t playing and my favourite TV series starts in 10 minutes.
B Aren’t you going to watch the documentary on kangaroos? You said you wanted to see it with your sister.
A My sister said she’s going to record it, so I’ll see it another time
17 You will hear two friends talking about a drawing course. What did the girl enjoy most about the course?
A Hi Lisa. How was your drawing class?
B Fantastic - I learnt so much. The teacher was good, but very serious!
A So what was the best thing?
B I think, more than anything, I liked trying different ways of drawing. I’ve never done that before. I had a lot of fun with the other students, too.
18 You will hear a girl talking about going to school. Why doesn’t she want to go with her friend?
A Shall we go to school together tomorrow?
B I think I’ll go by myself. I have to get to school early.
A But it’s more fun if you come with me. We can chat on the way there.
B But we’re often late because you walk too slowly… I like chatting, but we can walk home after school!
19 You will hear a boy talking about a day out with his grandparents. Why did they go to the lake?
A How did you spend your weekend, Sam?
B I went to the lake with my grandparents.
A The one near here? But it’s so quiet and boring!
B That’s why we went to another lake. It’s not so close so we had to drive there. But the water was lovely and warm and I had a lot of fun in the water.
20 You will hear a girl talking about a film. Why was the film a surprise?
A What did you think about the film, Anna?
B It was great, although perhaps a bit too long. I really liked the actors. And they were about the same age as us! I couldn’t believe it when you told me their age!
A I know. It was good that we knew the story too.
B Yes, that’s right, we studied it at school last year.
p. 249, Part 5
Audioscript
You will hear Elizabeth talking to her friend about a party. What did each of her friends bring?
A How was your birthday party, Elizabeth?
B It was great, thanks.
A Did you make a lot of food?
B Not really. I only made strawberries, but my friends brought a lot of things to eat. My favourite was Fred’s sandwiches.
A What did Yuki bring? I know she loves making cakes.
B Yes, she does but this time she brought some ice cream because she had no time to cook.
A Oh no! So, you didn’t get a birthday cake?
B Of course I did! Leela brought a cake. It was a delicious strawberry cake.
A How about Paul? Did he make his lovely omelettes?
B Yes, and this time he put potatoes in them.
A And Shane? She always cooks rice when there’s a party.
B Not this time! In fact, Shane made a salad! I couldn’t believe it!