Thesis _ 2022 _ XH

MUNDANE AMBIGUITY MAKING PUBLIC REALM WITH BALLAST WATER INFRASTRUCTURE

Advised by Sergio Lopez-Pineiro

Xingyue Huang

LANDSCAPE AS BALLAST WATER INFRASTRUCTURE

Pierre, “Landscapes of Disassembly,” Topos, 2017, https://toposmagazine.com/

CONTAINER

TANKER 35000DWT

5000 - 8000 DWT

Early Container 137*17*9M

7000DWT

10000 -25000 DWT

Fully Cellular 215*20*10M

150000DWT

52500 DWT

Panamax 294*32*12M

60000 - 85000 DWT

250000DWT

Post Panamax 366*49*15M

0

12.5 25

50

100

200 M

LEGEND

INVENTORY OF BALLAST TANKS F

OCEAN SURFACE SALINITY (‰) 0.000 - 27.039 < -2.7 Std. Dev.

27.040 - 28.371 -2.7 - -2.2 Std. Dev.

28.372 - 29.703 -2.2 - -1.7 Std. Dev.

29.704 - 31.035 -1.7 - -1.2 Std. Dev.

31.036 - 32.367 32.368 - 33.699 33.700 - 35.031 35.032 - 36.363 36.364 - 37.695 -1.2 - -0.75 Std. Dev. -0.75 - -0.25 Std. Dev. -0.25 - 0.25 Std. Dev. 0.25 - 0.75 Std. Dev. 0.75 - 1.2 Std. Dev.

37.696 - 39.027 1.2 - 1.7 Std. Dev.

FROM COMMON TYPES OF SHIPS 39.028 - 40.359 1.7 - 2.2 Std. Dev.

40.360 - 41.691 2.2 - 2.7 Std. Dev.

41.692 - 42.236 > 2.7 Std. Dev.

42.237 - 125 2.2 - 2.7 Std. Dev.

125 - 250 > 2.7 Std. Dev.

Source Port

Discharging Cargo

BALLAST WATER LOADING OPE

Read “Stemming the Tide: Controlling Introductions of Nonindigenous Species by Ships’ Ballast Water” at NAP.Edu. Accessed November 29, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17226/5294.

Loading Ballast Water

ERATION AT THE SOURCE PORT

BALLAST WATER PROVIDING STABILITY AND M

Cargo Hold Empty

MANEUVERABILITY FOR THE SHIP ON A VOYAGE

To Destionation Port

Leaving Destionation Po

ort

Cargo Hold Full

Destination Port

Discharging Cargo

Landfill Far From Coast To receive excavated silt

0

2.5 5

10

20

40

M

CURRENT BALLAST WATE

ER WASTE MANAGEMENT

Ballast Water Management Method B:

Ballast Water Management Method A:

On-shore Ballast Water Treatment Facility

Trans-ballast Ship with Ballast Water Treatment System Onboard

Panamax Container Ship

Excavated Silt Reused in making urban parks

0

2.5 5

10

20

40

Landscape Infrastructures with Built-in Ballast Water Treatment System

M

PROPOSED BALLAST WATER WASTE RECYC

Trans-ballast Ship with Ballast Water Treatment System Onboard

Recycled Ballast Water

CLING INFRASTRUCTURE & PUBLIC SPACE

Panamax Container Ship

Google Earth Pro. “Bahamas, Nassau Port, August 2021.” Accessed March 13, 2022.

Google Earth Pro. “China, Hongkong, Accessed March 13, 2022.

Google Earth Pro. “Liberia, Port of Liberia, October, 2019.” Accessed March 13, 2022.

Google Earth Pro. “Marshall Islands, Fe 2022.

Google Earth Pro. “Panama, Catun Lake, April, 2021.” Accessed March 13, 2022.

Google Earth Pro. “Singapore, Singap March 13, 2022.

ATLAS OF BALLAST WATER LO

Stonecutters Island, July, 2021.”

Google Earth Pro. “Italy, La Spezia Container Terminal, May, 2017.”

Accessed March 13, 2022.

Feburary, 2021.” Accessed March 13,

Google Earth Pro. “Norway, Bergen Port, May, 2021.” Accessed March 13, 2022.

pore Port, July, 2021.” Accessed

Google Earth Pro. “South Korea, Busan Port, September, 2018.” Accessed March 13th , 2022.

OADING & DISCHARGE PORTS

NASA Earth Observatory. “Phytoplankton Bloom, Alaska, 2014.” Accessed March 13, 2022. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

NASA Earth Observatory. “Phytoplank Accessed March 13, 2022. https://eart

NASA Earth Observatory. “Phytoplankton Bloom, Ross Sea, 2011.”

Accessed March 13, 2022. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

NASA Earth Observatory. “Phytoplank Accessed March 13, 2022. https://eart

NASA Earth Observatory. “Solar Evaporation Ponds, U.S., Utah.” Accessed March 13, 2022. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

NASA Earth Observatory. “Solar Evapo Australia.” Accessed March 13, 2022. h

ATLAS OF THE COLOR OF MICRO-O

kton Bloom, Gulf of Alaska, 2016.” thobservatory.nasa.gov/

NASA Earth Observatory. “Phytoplankton Bloom, West Africa, 2002.”

Accessed March 13, 2022. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

kton Bloom, South Atlantic, 2017.” thobservatory.nasa.gov/

NASA Earth Observatory. “Phytoplankton Bloom, North Sea, 2015.”

Accessed March 13, 2022. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

oration Ponds & Coastal Flats, West https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

NASA Earth Observatory. “Great Salt Lake, U.S., Utah.” Accessed March 13, 2022. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

ORGANISMS IN SALINE WATERS

40°0'0"W

30°0'0"W

20°0'0"W

10°0'0"W

0°0'0"

10°0'0"E

20°0

50°0'0"W

40°0'0"W

30°0'0"W

20°0'0"W

10°0'0"W

0°0'0"

10°0'0"E

20°0

30°0'0"S

20°0'0"S

10°0'0"S

0°0'0"

10°0'0"N

20°0'0"N

30°0'0"N

50°0'0"W

Garcia H.E., T.P. Boyer, O.K. Baranova, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, A. Grodsky, C.R. Paver, K.W. Weathers, I.V. Smolyar, J.R. Reagan, D. Seidov, M.M. Zweng (2019). World Ocean Atlas 2018: Product Documentation. A. Mishonov, Technical Editor.

LEGEND URBAN POPULATION

0 - 100000

100001 - 1000000

URBAN POPULATIO

0'0"E

40°0'0"E

50°0'0"E

60°0'0"E

70°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

60°0'0"E

70°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

20°0'0"N

30°0'0"N

30°0'0"E

20°0'0"S

10°0'0"S

0°0'0"

10°0'0"N

Djibouti

30°0'0"S

0'0"E

30°0'0"E

40°0'0"E

ON IN AFRICA, 1950

50°0'0"E

40°0'0"W

30°0'0"W

20°0'0"W

10°0'0"W

0°0'0"

10°0'0"E

20°0

50°0'0"W

40°0'0"W

30°0'0"W

20°0'0"W

10°0'0"W

0°0'0"

10°0'0"E

20°0

30°0'0"S

20°0'0"S

10°0'0"S

0°0'0"

10°0'0"N

20°0'0"N

30°0'0"N

50°0'0"W

Garcia H.E., T.P. Boyer, O.K. Baranova, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, A. Grodsky, C.R. Paver, K.W. Weathers, I.V. Smolyar, J.R. Reagan, D. Seidov, M.M. Zweng (2019). World Ocean Atlas 2018: Product Documentation. A. Mishonov, Technical Editor.

LEGEND URBAN POPULATION

0 - 100000

100001 - 1000000

1000001 - 2500000

2500001 - 5000000

5000001 - 10000000

URBAN POPULATIO

0'0"E

40°0'0"E

50°0'0"E

60°0'0"E

70°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

60°0'0"E

70°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

20°0'0"N

30°0'0"N

30°0'0"E

20°0'0"S

10°0'0"S

0°0'0"

10°0'0"N

Djibouti

30°0'0"S

0'0"E

30°0'0"E

40°0'0"E

ON IN AFRICA, 2010

50°0'0"E

160°0'0"W

140°0'0"W

120°0'0"W

100°0'0"W

80°0'0"W

60°0'0"W

40°0'0"W

0°0

20°0'0"W

30°0'0"N

50°0'0"N

70°0'0"N

180°0'0"

10°0'0"N

Bahamas

Panama

90°0'0"

70°0'0"S

50°0'0"S

30°0'0"S

10°0'0"S

Liberia

160°0'0"W

140°0'0"W

120°0'0"W

100°0'0"W

80°0'0"W

60°0'0"W

40°0'0"W

20°0'0"W

0°0

Data Source: Melanie Frazier. Recent pace of change in human impact on the world’s ocean: Shipping. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. doi:10.5063/F1NZ85ZN.

LEGEND LEVELS OF SPECIES INTRODUCTION low

midium

high

COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF VESSELS I

20°0'0"E

60°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

100°0'0"E

120°0'0"E

140°0'0"E

160°0'0"E

180°0'0"

50°0'0"N

Norway

Italy

Djibouti Ethiopia

Marshall Islands

10°0'0"N

30°0'0"N

South Korea

70°0'0"S

50°0'0"S

30°0'0"S

10°0'0"S

Singapore

20°0'0"E

40°0'0"E

60°0'0"E

80°0'0"E

IN DJIBOUTI PORTS, MAY 12TH, 2021

100°0'0"E

120°0'0"E

140°0'0"E

160°0'0"E

90°0'0"

0'0"

40°0'0"E

70°0'0"N

0'0"

Eritrea

Sudan

The R

Ethiopia

Garcia H.E., T.P. Boyer, O.K. Baranova, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, A. Grodsky, C.R. Paver, K.W. Weathers, I.V. Smolyar, J.R. Reagan, D. Seidov, M.M. Zweng (2019). World Ocean Atlas 2018: Product Documentation. A. Mishonov, Technical Editor.

THE URBAN AREA OF THE REPUBLIC OF

Yemen

Republic of Djibouti

Djibouti City

Somalia

DJIBOUTI & NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES

Doraleh Multi (DM

Containers han 328000

Equivalent ballast water 82000

Djibouti International Free Trade Zone (under construction)

0

200 400

800

1600

3200 M

i-Purpose Port MP)

ndled annually: 00 TEU

r volume for 4 months: 00M3

Société de Gestion du Terminal à conteneurs de Doraleh (SGTD)

Djibouti Container Terminal

Containers handled annually: 640000 TEU

Containers handled annually: 1400000 TEU

Equivalent ballast water volume for 1 season: 160000M3

Equivalent ballast water volume for 1 season : 475000M3

RECIF D’AMBOULI

BANC DES SALINES

Djibouti City

Balbala District

Djibouti International Free Trade Zone

President Guelleh inaugurate Djibouti’s new international free zone, the largest in Africa, https://www.djiboutiembassyus.org/in-the-news/president-guelleh-inauguratedjiboutis-new-international-free-zone-the-largest-in-africa#slideshow-1

Balbala

District

Planned CBD in Djibouti City

https://dpfza.gov.dj/Djibouti-Business-District

SALT HARVESTING AT

https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20180711-the-djibouti-lake-posing-as-paradise

LAC ASSAL, DJIBOUTI

WATERFRON

https://www.ft.com/content/15aefce3-2e6b-4e1a-b480-bfc066f7d8dd

NT, DJIBOUTI

LANDSCAPE IMAGINATION OF LARGE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE

Picon, Antoine. “Urban Infrastructure, Imagination and Politics: From the Networked Metropolis to the Smart City.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 42, no.

2 (2018): 263–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12527.

TEMPLE TAN

https://www.esamskriti.com/a/Ka

NKS IN INDIA

arnataka/Shravanabelagola.aspx

TWO RESERVOIRS

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/interactive-m

IN CENTRAL PARK

map-compares-new-york-city-1836-today-180947939/

GRAND CANA

https://www.voyagevirtuel.co.uk/chateau-

AL, VERSAILLES

-versailles/photo/versailles-parc-185.php

Google Earth Pro. “Quebei ( ), Shouxian, Anhui, China 598 – 591 A.D., Water storage pond for irrigation.” Accessed October, 2021

Google Earth Pro. “Lake Manhattan, C Croton aqueduct.” Accessed Novemb

Google Earth Pro. “Grand Canal, Versailles, France, Water feature & drain for fountains.” Accessed September, 2021

Google Earth Pro. “Menara Gardens, M water feature.” Accessed October, 202

Google Earth Pro. “Shravanabelagola Temple Tank, India Irrigation Tank, site for cultural practices.” Accessed October, 2021

Google Earth Pro. “Lincoln Memorial,

Central Park, U.S, Previous reservoir for ber, 2021

Google Earth Pro. “Agdal Gardens, Marrakesh, Morocco, Irrigation tank & water feature.” Accessed October, 2021

Marrakesh, Morocco, Irrigation tank & 21

Google Earth Pro. “Haridra Nadhi Temple Tank, India, Irrigation Tank, site for cultural practices” Accessed October, 2021

U.S.” Accessed October, 2021

Google Earth Pro. “Barrage de la Griotte, France” Accessed March, 2021

150°0'0"W

120°0'0"W

90°0'0"W

60°0'0"W

30°0'0"W

0°0

World Trade Center Memorial, U.S 40°42'42.10"N, 74° 0'46.04"W

Menara Gardens, Morocco 31°36'47.81"N, 8° 1'18.16"W

Lincoln Memorial, U.S 38°53'27.61"N, 77° 2'11.70"W

22°30'0"S

0°0'0"

22°30'0"N

45°0'0"N

67°30'0"N

180°0'0"W

67°30'0"S

45°0'0"S

Agdal Garden, Morocco 31°35'36.39"N, 7°58'34.70

Manhattan Lake of Central Park, U.S 40°47'8.77"N, 73°57'44.20"W

0'0"

30°0'0"E

60°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

120°0'0"E

150°0'0"E

180°0'0"E

Shravanabelagola, India 12°51'29.48"N, 76°29'11.87"E

The Grand Canal of Versailles, France 48°48'28.75"N, 2° 6'30.51"E Haridra Nadhi, India 10°40'28.80"N, 79°26'33.47"E

0"W

500 0

250

Barrage de la Griotte, France 45°45'35.85"N, 6°38'57.34"E

1000M

El Retiro Garden, Spain 40°24'59.67"N, 3°40'59.95"W

Menara Gardens, Morocco 31°36'47.81"N, 8° 1'18.16"W World Trade Center Memorial, U.S 40°42'42.10"N, 74° 0'46.04"W

Manhattan Lake of Central Park, U.S 40°47'8.77"N, 73°57'44.20"W

Lincoln Memorial, U.S 38°53'27.61"N, 77° 2'11.70"W

Agdal Garden, Morocco 31°35'36.39"N, 7°58'34.70"W

E 40°24

Shravanabelagola, India 12°51'29.48"N, 76°29'11.87"E

500

Barrage de la Griotte, France 45°45'35.85"N, 6°38'57.34"E

0

Haridra Nadhi, India 10°40'28.80"N, 79°26'33.47"E

250

El Retiro Garden, Spain 4'59.67"N, 3°40'59.95"W

1000M

The Grand Canal of Versailles, France 48°48'28.75"N, 2° 6'30.51"E

SPATIAL QUALITIES OF LANDSCAPE INFRASTRUCTURE

lightness

LARGE

chenhao.etsam, Chongqing.,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKbGRhcsoaw/

SPACE

Susan Sontag, “The Aesthetics of Silence,” Aspen no. 5+6 item 3, https://www.ubu.com/aspen/aspen5and6/ threeEssays.html#sontag.

POOR

https://atlasofplaces.com/photography/dam-and-man-in-savoy/

SPACE

“Lacaton & Vassal.” Accessed August 22, 2022. https://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=37.

OBSCUR

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-08-29/miami-s-other-water-problem

RE SPACE

Vogt and Olafur Eliasson, Miniature and Panorama, chap. The End of the Hunt.

THE THREE BALLAST WATER INFRASTRUCTURES

Howe, Susan, and Woodberry Poetry Room . repository. 2010. That This. New York: New Directions Pub.

RECIF D’AMBOULI

PASSE O

USET

àc

BANC DES SALINES

on

ten

eu

rs

de

Do

ral

eh

(SG

TD

)

Djibouti Container Terminal

RECIF D’AMBOULI

PASSE O

àc

USET

on

ten

eu

rs

de

Do

ral

eh

(SG

TD

)

Jabu

Public Park & Salt

Djibouti Container Terminal

uuti

Production Island

Ballast Water Infrastructure serving Djibouti Container Terminal - Jabuuti, Dec., 2019

Ballast Water Infrastructure serving Djibouti Conta

Ballast Water Infrastructure serving Djibouti Container Terminal - Jabuuti, Jun., 2020

Ballast Water Infrastructure serving Djibouti Conta

ainer Terminal - Jabuuti, Feb., 2020

Ballast Water Infrastructure serving Djibouti Container Terminal - Jabuuti, Apr.., 2020

ainer Terminal - Jabuuti, Aug., 2020

Ballast Water Infrastructure serving Djibouti Container Terminal - Jabuuti, Oct., 2020

So

cié

té

de

Ge

sti

on

du

Te

rm

ina

là

co

nte

ne

ur

sd

eD

or

ale

h(

SG

TD

)

Djib

Sea Bath

bouti

hing Pool

So

cié

té

de

Ge

sti

on

du

Te

rm

ina

là

co

nte

ne

ur

sd

eD

or

ale

h(

SG

TD

)

A

B

C

Section A-A

Section B-B

B

Section C-C

C

Amsterdam, July, 15:00

Amsterdam, May, 15:00

California, May, 17:45

Djibouti, August, 18:17

California, June, 07:33

Djibouti, August, 17:55

GENERIC SP

Djibouti, July, 14:00

Indonisia, July, 10:45

Oslo, April, 08:19

California, June, 18:35

Djibouti, July, 14:00

Amsterdam, July, 15:00

PECIFICITY

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Société de Gestion du Terminal à conteneurs de Doraleh (SGTD) - Djibouti, Jun. 16th 10:00, 2021

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Société de Ge (SGTD) - Djibouti, Jun. 16th 10:50, 2021

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Société de Gestion du Terminal à conteneurs de Doraleh (SGTD) - Djibouti, Jun. 16th 12:30, 2021

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Société de Ge (SGTD) - Djibouti, Jun. 16th 13:20, 2021

estion du Terminal à conteneurs de Doraleh

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Société de Gestion du Terminal à conteneurs de Doraleh (SGTD) - Djibouti, Jun. 16th 11:40, 2021

estion du Terminal à conteneurs de Doraleh

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Société de Gestion du Terminal à conteneurs de Doraleh (SGTD) - Djibouti, Jun. 16th 14:10, 2021

Do

P)

e Port (DM

i-Purpos raleh Mult

Do

P)

e Port (DM

i-Purpos raleh Mult

Djib

Lab of Plane

bouti

etary Ecology

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Doreleh Multi-Purporse Port - Yibuuti, Jan. 1st, 2021

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Doreleh Multi-

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Doreleh Multi-Purporse Port - Yibuuti, Apr., 2021

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Doreleh Multi-

-Purporse Port - Yibuuti, Jan. 15th, 2021

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Doreleh Multi-Purporse Port - Yibuuti, Feb. 7th, 2021

-Purporse Port - Yibuuti, May., 2021

Ballast Water Infrastructure Serving Doreleh Multi-Purporse Port - Yibuuti, Jun. 2021

RECIPROCITY BETWEEN FATHOMABLE AND UNFATHOMABLE

Corner, James, and Alison Bick Hirsch. 2014. The Landscape Imagination : Collected Essays of James Corner, 1990-2010. First edition. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.